What is Southern Copper's earnings per share (EPS)?

Southern Copper (SCCO) reported diluted earnings per share of $5.24 for fiscal year 2025. This represents a 24.5% change compared to the previous fiscal year. EPS represents the portion of a company's net income allocated to each outstanding share of common stock and is widely used to evaluate profitability on a per-share basis.

Southern Copper Financials

SCCO

Source SEC Filings (10-K/10-Q) Updated Mar 31, 2026 Currency USD FYE December

This page shows Southern Copper (SCCO) financial statements, including the income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, and key financial ratios. View 19 years of annual fundamentals and quarterly data, with year-over-year growth rates and compound annual growth rates (CAGR). All figures are derived from SEC filings (10-K and 10-Q reports).

Rhea AI SCCO FY2025 2026-04-30

A high-margin asset base is turning recent sales growth into disproportionately larger profit and cash while still funding heavier reinvestment.

Between FY2023 and FY2025, revenue increased 35.6%, but net income climbed 78.7%; that spread means the recent recovery was not just bigger sales, but a cost structure that let more of each added dollar reach the bottom line. That reading is reinforced by operating margin expanding from 42.4% to 52.2% while SG&A remained a very small share of revenue, so overhead did not absorb the upswing.

Liquidity looks self-funded rather than stretched: FY2025 cash of $4.3B covered a large share of $6.8B in long-term debt, so borrowing appears more like a capital-structure choice than an immediate funding need. Current ratio improved to 3.9x while debt to equity eased to 0.6x from 0.8x in FY2023, which suggests the balance sheet strengthened even as debt remained meaningful.

Cash conversion stayed good but not frictionless: FY2025 produced $4.8B of operating cash flow yet only $3.4B of free cash flow, so reinvestment still takes a meaningful first claim on cash. Capital expenditures rose to $1.3B from $1.0B in FY2024, which explains why free cash flow barely moved despite stronger earnings.

Financial Health Signals

Financial Profile 85/100

Based on FY2025 annual data, averaged across the last 3 years for performance metrics (most-recent year weighted highest). How this score is calculated →

Health score ≠ stock price. This rates the quality of Southern Copper's business: profitability, growth, balance sheet strength. It doesn't tell you whether the stock is a good buy at today's price. Not financial advice. Use it alongside valuation analysis and your own research.

Profitability

100

Southern Copper has an operating margin of 52.2%, meaning the company retains $52 of operating profit per $100 of revenue. This strong profitability earns a score of 100/100, reflecting efficient cost management and pricing power. This is up from 48.6% the prior year.

Growth

Southern Copper's revenue surged 17.4% year-over-year to $13.4B, reflecting rapid business expansion. This strong growth earns a score of 61/100.

Leverage

Southern Copper carries a low D/E ratio of 0.61, meaning only $0.61 of long-term debt for every $1 of shareholders' equity. This conservative leverage earns a score of 90/100, indicating a strong balance sheet with room for future borrowing.

Liquidity

With a current ratio of 3.89, Southern Copper holds $3.89 in current assets for every $1 of short-term obligations. This comfortable liquidity earns a score of 76/100.

Cash Flow

Southern Copper converts 25.5% of revenue into free cash flow ($3.4B). This strong cash generation earns a score of 92/100.

Returns

Southern Copper earns a strong 39.3% return on equity (ROE), meaning it generates $39 of profit for every $100 of shareholders' equity. This efficient capital use earns a returns score of 94/100. This is up from 36.8% the prior year.

Altman Z-Score Safe

11.72

Southern Copper scores 11.72, well above the 2.99 safe threshold. The score is driven primarily by a large market capitalization ($160.1B) relative to total liabilities ($10.3B). This indicates low bankruptcy risk based on profitability, leverage, and asset efficiency.

Piotroski F-Score Neutral

6/9

Southern Copper passes 6 of 9 financial strength tests. All 4 profitability signals pass (positive income, cash flow, and earnings quality), 1 of 2 leverage/liquidity signals pass, both operating efficiency signals pass.

Earnings Quality Cash-Backed

1.10x

For every $1 of reported earnings, Southern Copper generates $1.10 in operating cash flow ($4.8B OCF vs $4.3B net income). This indicates profits are well-supported by actual cash generation, not accounting adjustments.

Key Financial Metrics

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Earnings & Revenue

Revenue

$13.4B

YoY+17.4%

5Y CAGR+10.9%

10Y CAGR+10.3%

Southern Copper generated $13.4B in revenue in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 17.4% from the prior year.

EBITDA

$7.9B

YoY+23.0%

5Y CAGR+15.1%

10Y CAGR+15.1%

Southern Copper's EBITDA was $7.9B in fiscal year 2025, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. This represents an increase of 23.0% from the prior year.

Net Income

$4.3B

YoY+28.4%

5Y CAGR+22.4%

10Y CAGR+19.3%

Southern Copper reported $4.3B in net income in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 28.4% from the prior year.

EPS (Diluted)

$5.24

YoY+24.5%

5Y CAGR+20.9%

Southern Copper earned $5.24 per diluted share (EPS) in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 24.5% from the prior year.

Cash & Balance Sheet

Free Cash Flow

$3.4B

YoY+1.0%

5Y CAGR+9.4%

Southern Copper generated $3.4B in free cash flow in fiscal year 2025, representing cash available after capex. This represents an increase of 1.0% from the prior year.

Cash & Debt

$4.3B

YoY+32.1%

5Y CAGR+14.5%

10Y CAGR+31.7%

Southern Copper held $4.3B in cash against $6.8B in long-term debt as of fiscal year 2025.

Dividends Per Share

$3.10

YoY+47.6%

5Y CAGR+15.6%

10Y CAGR+24.7%

Southern Copper paid $3.10 per share in dividends in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 47.6% from the prior year.

Shares Outstanding

N/A

Margins & Returns

Gross Margin

N/A

Operating Margin

52.2%

YoY+3.6pp

5Y CAGR+13.1pp

10Y CAGR+24.1pp

Southern Copper's operating margin was 52.2% in fiscal year 2025, reflecting core business profitability. This is up 3.6 percentage points from the prior year.

Net Margin

32.3%

YoY+2.8pp

5Y CAGR+12.5pp

10Y CAGR+17.6pp

Southern Copper's net profit margin was 32.3% in fiscal year 2025, showing the share of revenue converted to profit. This is up 2.8 percentage points from the prior year.

Return on Equity

39.3%

YoY+2.4pp

5Y CAGR+17.4pp

10Y CAGR+25.2pp

Southern Copper's ROE was 39.3% in fiscal year 2025, measuring profit generated per dollar of shareholder equity. This is up 2.4 percentage points from the prior year.

Capital Allocation

R&D Spending

N/A

Share Buybacks

N/A

Capital Expenditures

$1.3B

YoY+29.0%

5Y CAGR+17.5%

10Y CAGR+1.4%

Southern Copper invested $1.3B in capex in fiscal year 2025, funding long-term assets and infrastructure. This represents an increase of 29.0% from the prior year.

SCCO Income Statement

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Revenue	$13.4B+17.4%	$11.4B+15.5%	$9.9B-1.5%	$10.0B-8.1%	$10.9B+36.9%	$8.0B
Cost of Revenue	$5.4B+10.7%	$4.8B+3.3%	$4.7B+0.8%	$4.6B+19.4%	$3.9B-0.9%	$3.9B
Gross Profit	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
R&D Expenses	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
SG&A Expenses	$137.8M+5.6%	$130.5M+2.6%	$127.2M+1.8%	$125.0M-0.2%	$125.2M-0.8%	$126.2M
Operating Income	$7.0B+26.1%	$5.6B+32.5%	$4.2B-5.5%	$4.4B-26.9%	$6.1B+94.4%	$3.1B
Interest Expense	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Income Tax	$2.5B+25.0%	$2.0B+30.0%	$1.5B-4.8%	$1.6B-30.6%	$2.3B+95.8%	$1.2B
Net Income	$4.3B+28.4%	$3.4B+39.2%	$2.4B-8.1%	$2.6B-22.3%	$3.4B+115.3%	$1.6B
EPS (Diluted)	$5.24+24.5%	$4.21+38.0%	$3.05-10.6%	$3.41-22.3%	$4.39+116.3%	$2.03

Metric	Q1'26	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24
Revenue	$4.3B+9.9%	$3.9B+14.6%	$3.4B+10.7%	$3.1B-2.3%	$3.1B+12.1%	$2.8B-5.0%	$2.9B-6.0%	$3.1B
Cost of Revenue	$1.5B+1.9%	$1.5B+8.5%	$1.4B+12.0%	$1.2B-8.1%	$1.3B+8.9%	$1.2B-0.9%	$1.2B-2.1%	$1.2B
Gross Profit	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
R&D Expenses	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
SG&A Expenses	$35.8M-10.3%	$39.9M+18.4%	$33.7M+3.7%	$32.5M+2.5%	$31.7M-8.4%	$34.6M+10.9%	$31.2M-8.0%	$33.9M
Operating Income	$2.5B+17.5%	$2.1B+19.3%	$1.8B+11.5%	$1.6B+3.4%	$1.5B+17.4%	$1.3B-9.9%	$1.5B-9.8%	$1.6B
Interest Expense	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Income Tax	$891.0M	N/A	N/A	N/A	$532.8M+19.3%	$446.7M-15.1%	$526.4M-9.1%	$578.8M
Net Income	$1.6B+21.9%	$1.3B+16.9%	$1.1B+13.7%	$976.7M+2.9%	$949.1M+21.0%	$784.4M-12.8%	$899.8M-5.7%	$953.8M
EPS (Diluted)	$1.92	N/A	$1.35+11.6%	$1.21+5.2%	$1.15	N/A	$1.12-7.4%	$1.21

SCCO Balance Sheet

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Total Assets	$21.4B+14.3%	$18.7B+11.9%	$16.7B-3.2%	$17.3B-5.6%	$18.3B+8.0%	$16.9B
Current Assets	$8.4B+35.3%	$6.2B+39.4%	$4.4B-14.6%	$5.2B-15.5%	$6.1B+27.5%	$4.8B
Cash & Equivalents	$4.3B+32.1%	$3.3B+182.9%	$1.2B-44.4%	$2.1B-31.1%	$3.0B+37.5%	$2.2B
Inventory	$1.1B+0.9%	$1.0B+3.1%	$1.0B+0.3%	$1.0B+4.2%	$972.9M+2.4%	$950.2M
Accounts Receivable	$2.0B+64.0%	$1.2B+4.3%	$1.1B-18.1%	$1.4B+2.6%	$1.4B+27.1%	$1.1B
Goodwill	$41.9M0.0%	$41.9M0.0%	$41.9M0.0%	$41.9M0.0%	$41.9M0.0%	$41.9M
Total Liabilities	$10.3B+8.4%	$9.5B+2.5%	$9.3B+1.2%	$9.2B-9.4%	$10.1B+4.4%	$9.7B
Current Liabilities	$2.1B-4.6%	$2.2B+61.9%	$1.4B+12.4%	$1.2B-45.1%	$2.3B+62.5%	$1.4B
Long-Term Debt	$6.8B+17.2%	$5.8B-7.9%	$6.3B+0.1%	$6.3B+0.1%	$6.2B-4.5%	$6.5B
Total Equity	$11.0B+20.4%	$9.2B+23.6%	$7.4B-8.2%	$8.1B-0.8%	$8.1B+12.8%	$7.2B
Retained Earnings	$5.8B-15.2%	$6.8B-2.8%	$7.0B-8.7%	$7.7B-0.9%	$7.8B+13.5%	$6.8B

Metric	Q1'26	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24
Total Assets	$21.9B+2.6%	$21.4B+5.2%	$20.3B+4.0%	$19.6B-1.2%	$19.8B+5.8%	$18.7B+1.6%	$18.4B+3.6%	$17.8B
Current Assets	$8.7B+4.4%	$8.4B+8.9%	$7.7B+9.5%	$7.0B-3.0%	$7.2B+16.9%	$6.2B+4.2%	$5.9B+11.1%	$5.3B
Cash & Equivalents	$4.9B+14.2%	$4.3B+9.0%	$3.9B+18.4%	$3.3B-19.0%	$4.1B+26.3%	$3.3B+22.7%	$2.7B+41.6%	$1.9B
Inventory	$959.2M-9.3%	$1.1B+2.6%	$1.0B+2.6%	$1.0B+4.0%	$966.1M-7.9%	$1.0B+5.9%	$990.5M-2.6%	$1.0B
Accounts Receivable	$2.0B+3.3%	$2.0B+13.5%	$1.7B+10.4%	$1.6B+0.6%	$1.5B+30.1%	$1.2B-22.3%	$1.5B-5.7%	$1.6B
Goodwill	N/A	$41.9M	N/A	N/A	N/A	$41.9M	N/A	N/A
Total Liabilities	$10.1B-1.9%	$10.3B+4.7%	$9.9B+3.3%	$9.6B-6.4%	$10.2B+7.1%	$9.5B+0.5%	$9.5B+2.3%	$9.3B
Current Liabilities	$2.0B-7.1%	$2.1B+26.3%	$1.7B+27.8%	$1.3B-31.6%	$1.9B-13.5%	$2.2B+5.1%	$2.1B+12.7%	$1.9B
Long-Term Debt	$6.8B0.0%	$6.8B0.0%	$6.7B0.0%	$6.7B0.0%	$6.7B+17.2%	$5.8B0.0%	$5.8B0.0%	$5.8B
Total Equity	$11.8B+6.8%	$11.0B+5.6%	$10.4B+4.7%	$10.0B+4.4%	$9.6B+4.3%	$9.2B+2.8%	$8.9B+5.0%	$8.5B
Retained Earnings	$5.3B-8.7%	$5.8B-5.2%	$6.1B-5.3%	$6.5B-3.3%	$6.7B-2.3%	$6.8B-4.2%	$7.1B-0.5%	$7.2B

SCCO Cash Flow Statement

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Operating Cash Flow	$4.8B+7.5%	$4.4B+23.7%	$3.6B+27.5%	$2.8B-34.7%	$4.3B+54.2%	$2.8B
Capital Expenditures	$1.3B+29.0%	$1.0B+1.9%	$1.0B+6.3%	$948.5M+6.3%	$892.3M+50.7%	$592.2M
Free Cash Flow	$3.4B+1.0%	$3.4B+32.4%	$2.6B+38.3%	$1.9B-45.5%	$3.4B+55.2%	$2.2B
Investing Cash Flow	-$1.7B-150.2%	-$673.3M+51.9%	-$1.4B-109.7%	-$666.8M+31.5%	-$972.9M-6.2%	-$915.8M
Financing Cash Flow	-$2.0B-22.0%	-$1.6B+46.9%	-$3.1B-3.0%	-$3.0B-21.4%	-$2.5B-58.7%	-$1.6B
Dividends Paid	$2.5B+51.8%	$1.6B-47.1%	$3.1B+14.3%	$2.7B+9.4%	$2.5B+113.3%	$1.2B
Share Buybacks	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Metric	Q1'26	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24
Operating Cash Flow	$1.7B+13.4%	$1.5B-4.2%	$1.6B+59.7%	$976.8M+35.4%	$721.4M-47.0%	$1.4B-5.5%	$1.4B+49.6%	$962.1M
Capital Expenditures	$441.9M+4.6%	$422.6M+21.0%	$349.2M+48.2%	$235.7M-25.8%	$317.8M+35.1%	$235.3M-4.5%	$246.4M-25.7%	$331.8M
Free Cash Flow	$1.3B+16.9%	$1.1B-11.5%	$1.2B+63.3%	$741.1M+83.6%	$403.6M-64.1%	$1.1B-5.7%	$1.2B+89.3%	$630.3M
Investing Cash Flow	-$271.3M+39.9%	-$451.3M-80.7%	-$249.7M+64.0%	-$692.9M-138.4%	-$290.7M-79.7%	-$161.8M+31.4%	-$236.0M+28.9%	-$331.7M
Financing Cash Flow	-$819.1M-12.0%	-$731.5M-12.9%	-$648.2M+38.9%	-$1.1B-345.0%	$432.9M+178.1%	-$554.0M-17.6%	-$471.0M	$0
Dividends Paid	$819.2M+12.1%	$731.1M+13.6%	$643.3M+15.4%	$557.4M+0.7%	$553.3M+0.6%	$549.9M+17.3%	$468.8M	$0
Share Buybacks	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

SCCO Financial Ratios

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Gross Margin	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Operating Margin	52.2%+3.6pp	48.6%+6.2pp	42.4%-1.8pp	44.1%-11.3pp	55.5%+16.4pp	39.1%
Net Margin	32.3%+2.8pp	29.5%+5.0pp	24.5%-1.7pp	26.3%-4.8pp	31.1%+11.3pp	19.8%
Return on Equity	39.3%+2.4pp	36.8%+4.1pp	32.7%+0.1pp	32.6%-9.0pp	41.7%+19.8pp	21.8%
Return on Assets	20.3%+2.2pp	18.0%+3.5pp	14.5%-0.8pp	15.3%-3.3pp	18.6%+9.3pp	9.3%
Current Ratio	3.89+1.1	2.75-0.4	3.19-1.0	4.20+1.5	2.73-0.7	3.48
Debt-to-Equity	0.61-0.0	0.63-0.2	0.84+0.1	0.770.0	0.77-0.1	0.91
FCF Margin	25.5%-4.1pp	29.7%+3.8pp	25.9%+7.5pp	18.4%-12.7pp	31.1%+3.7pp	27.4%

Metric	Q1'26	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24
Gross Margin	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Operating Margin	58.3%+3.8pp	54.5%+2.2pp	52.4%+0.4pp	52.0%+2.8pp	49.2%+2.2pp	46.9%-2.5pp	49.5%-2.1pp	51.5%
Net Margin	37.2%+3.7pp	33.6%+0.7pp	32.9%+0.9pp	32.0%+1.6pp	30.4%+2.2pp	28.2%-2.5pp	30.7%+0.1pp	30.6%
Return on Equity	13.4%+1.7pp	11.8%+1.1pp	10.6%+0.9pp	9.8%-0.1pp	9.9%+1.4pp	8.6%-1.5pp	10.1%-1.1pp	11.2%
Return on Assets	7.2%+1.1pp	6.1%+0.6pp	5.5%+0.5pp	5.0%+0.2pp	4.8%+0.6pp	4.2%-0.7pp	4.9%-0.5pp	5.4%
Current Ratio	4.38+0.5	3.89-0.6	4.52-0.8	5.27+1.6	3.71+1.0	2.75-0.0	2.77-0.0	2.81
Debt-to-Equity	0.57-0.0	0.61-0.0	0.65-0.0	0.68-0.0	0.71+0.1	0.63-0.0	0.65-0.0	0.68
FCF Margin	29.5%+1.8pp	27.7%-8.2pp	35.8%+11.5pp	24.3%+11.4pp	12.9%-27.5pp	40.4%-0.3pp	40.7%+20.5pp	20.2%

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Southern Copper's annual revenue?

Southern Copper (SCCO) reported $13.4B in total revenue for fiscal year 2025. This represents a 17.4% change compared to the previous fiscal year. Revenue measures the total income earned from the company's primary business operations before any expenses are deducted.

How fast is Southern Copper's revenue growing?

Southern Copper (SCCO) revenue grew by 17.4% year-over-year, from $11.4B to $13.4B in fiscal year 2025.

Is Southern Copper profitable?

Yes, Southern Copper (SCCO) reported a net income of $4.3B in fiscal year 2025, with a net profit margin of 32.3%.

What is Southern Copper's EBITDA?

Southern Copper (SCCO) had EBITDA of $7.9B in fiscal year 2025, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.

How much debt does Southern Copper have?

As of fiscal year 2025, Southern Copper (SCCO) had $4.3B in cash and equivalents against $6.8B in long-term debt.

What is Southern Copper's operating margin?

Southern Copper (SCCO) had an operating margin of 52.2% in fiscal year 2025, reflecting the profitability of core business operations before interest and taxes.

What is Southern Copper's net profit margin?

Southern Copper (SCCO) had a net profit margin of 32.3% in fiscal year 2025, representing the share of revenue converted into profit after all expenses.

Does Southern Copper pay dividends?

Yes, Southern Copper (SCCO) paid $3.10 per share in dividends during fiscal year 2025.

What is Southern Copper's return on equity (ROE)?

Southern Copper (SCCO) has a return on equity of 39.3% for fiscal year 2025, measuring how efficiently the company generates profit from shareholder equity.

What is Southern Copper's free cash flow?

Southern Copper (SCCO) generated $3.4B in free cash flow during fiscal year 2025. This represents a 1.0% change compared to the previous fiscal year. Free cash flow represents the cash a company generates after accounting for capital expenditures, and is widely used to assess financial flexibility and shareholder value.

What is Southern Copper's operating cash flow?

Southern Copper (SCCO) generated $4.8B in operating cash flow during fiscal year 2025, representing cash generated from core business activities.

What are Southern Copper's total assets?

Southern Copper (SCCO) had $21.4B in total assets as of fiscal year 2025, including both current and long-term assets.

What are Southern Copper's capital expenditures?

Southern Copper (SCCO) invested $1.3B in capital expenditures during fiscal year 2025, funding long-term assets and infrastructure.

What is Southern Copper's current ratio?

Southern Copper (SCCO) had a current ratio of 3.89 as of fiscal year 2025, which is generally considered healthy.

What is Southern Copper's debt-to-equity ratio?

Southern Copper (SCCO) had a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.61 as of fiscal year 2025, measuring the company's financial leverage by comparing total debt to shareholder equity.

What is Southern Copper's return on assets (ROA)?

Southern Copper (SCCO) had a return on assets of 20.3% for fiscal year 2025, measuring how efficiently the company uses its assets to generate profit.

What is Southern Copper's Altman Z-Score?

Southern Copper (SCCO) has an Altman Z-Score of 11.72, placing it in the Safe Zone (low bankruptcy risk). The Z-Score combines five financial ratios (working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market capitalization, and revenue relative to total assets) to predict the likelihood of bankruptcy. Scores above 2.99 indicate financial safety while scores below 1.81 suggest financial distress. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.

What is Southern Copper's Piotroski F-Score?

Southern Copper (SCCO) has a Piotroski F-Score of 6 out of 9, indicating neutral financial health. The F-Score evaluates nine binary signals across profitability (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, earnings quality), leverage (decreasing debt, improving liquidity, no share dilution), and operating efficiency (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Scores of 7 to 9 indicate strong and improving fundamentals. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.

Are Southern Copper's earnings high quality?

Southern Copper (SCCO) has an earnings quality ratio of 1.10x, considered cash-backed (high quality). This ratio compares operating cash flow to net income. A ratio above 1.0x means the company generates more cash than its reported earnings, indicating sustainable, cash-backed profits. Ratios below 1.0x suggest earnings rely on accounting accruals rather than actual cash generation. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.

How financially healthy is Southern Copper?

Southern Copper (SCCO) scores 85 out of 100 on our Financial Profile, indicating strong overall financial health. This composite score evaluates six dimensions: profitability (operating margin), revenue growth, leverage (debt-to-equity), liquidity (current ratio), cash flow quality (free cash flow margin), and shareholder returns (return on equity). Each dimension is normalized against standard financial benchmarks. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.