STOCK TITAN

YD Bio Limited Reports Full Year 2025 Financial Results

Rhea-AI Impact
(High)
Rhea-AI Sentiment
(Neutral)
Tags

YD Bio (Nasdaq: YDES) reported full-year 2025 results: net revenue $596.8K (+17%), gross profit $167.4K, and a net loss $8.31M. Cash and cash equivalents were $6.0M at year-end after an equity raise. The company advanced therapeutics (DMFs filed) and diagnostics (OkaiDx™ validation, EG Telehealth launch).

Management highlighted a completed SPAC business combination, PIPE financing, R&D investment, planned 2026 IND submissions, and ongoing M&A activity.

Loading...
Loading translation...

AI-generated analysis. Not financial advice.

Positive

  • Net revenue +17% to $596,817 for FY2025
  • Year-end cash $6.0M after $13.9M equity raise
  • DMFs filed with FDA for LSC and derived exosomes
  • Launched EG Telehealth platform across 44 U.S. jurisdictions
  • Progress on OkaiDx™ pancreatic program toward FDA Q-Submission

Negative

  • Net loss widened to $8.31M in FY2025 from $1.41M in FY2024
  • Operating expenses rose to $5.4M, driven by G&A, R&D, and staff costs
  • Gross margin pressured by sales mix shift to lower-margin drugs
  • Deferred offering costs $3.2M and increased professional fees reduced cash

News Market Reaction – YDES

-5.88%
1 alert
-5.88% News Effect
-$21M Valuation Impact
$338.50M Market Cap
0.2x Rel. Volume

On the day this news was published, YDES declined 5.88%, reflecting a notable negative market reaction. This price movement removed approximately $21M from the company's valuation, bringing the market cap to $338.50M at that time.

Data tracked by StockTitan Argus on the day of publication.

Key Figures

Net revenue 2025: $596,817 Net revenue growth: 17% Net loss 2025: $8.3 million +5 more
8 metrics
Net revenue 2025 $596,817 Year ended December 31, 2025
Net revenue growth 17% 2025 vs 2024
Net loss 2025 $8.3 million Year ended December 31, 2025
Net loss 2024 $1.4 million Year ended December 31, 2024
Total operating expenses $5.4 million Year ended December 31, 2025
Cash balance 2025 $6.0 million As of December 31, 2025
Cash balance 2024 $3.1 million As of December 31, 2024
Equity raise $13.9 million Equity financing driving 2025 cash increase

Market Reality Check

Price: $4.75 Vol: Volume 1,131 is far below...
low vol
$4.75 Last Close
Volume Volume 1,131 is far below the 20-day average of 24,579, suggesting limited pre-news positioning. low
Technical Shares at $5.10 traded below the 200-day MA of $11.69, near the 52-week low of $5.00 and far from the $25.00 high.

Peers on Argus

While YDES was marginally lower (-0.2%) on very light volume, sector peers like ...
1 Down

While YDES was marginally lower (-0.2%) on very light volume, sector peers like ABCL, BHVN, JANX and PHVS showed gains of roughly 1–7%, and SNDX appeared in momentum scans to the downside. This points to stock-specific dynamics rather than a broad biotech move.

Common Catalyst Some peers, such as SNDX, also reported earnings, but overall price action did not show a unified sector reaction.

Previous Earnings Reports

1 past event · Latest: Sep 30 (Negative)
Same Type Pattern 1 events
Date Event Sentiment Move Catalyst
Sep 30 Half-year results Negative -8.0% H1 2025 revenue decline and higher expenses drove a larger net loss.
Pattern Detected

Past earnings news for YDES coincided with a clearly negative share-price reaction.

Recent Company History

Recent history shows YDES using capital markets and M&A to build an integrated oncology and diagnostics platform. A prior earnings release on Sep 30, 2025 highlighted revenue pressure and rising operating expenses, leading to a net loss and a -7.96% one-day move. Since then, the company has advanced telehealth, AI-driven diagnostics, and cell-therapy acquisitions. Today’s full-year 2025 results extend that narrative: higher revenues but significantly higher expenses and net loss.

Historical Comparison

-8.0% avg move · In the past, YDES’s earnings update on Sep 30, 2025 led to a -7.96% move as investors reacted to rev...
earnings
-8.0%
Average Historical Move earnings

In the past, YDES’s earnings update on Sep 30, 2025 led to a -7.96% move as investors reacted to revenue pressure and higher expenses. The current full-year 2025 release again mixes revenue growth with substantially higher operating costs and net loss, fitting a pattern where financial headwinds around earnings have drawn negative market responses.

Earnings have progressed from H1 2025 revenue decline and rising costs to FY 2025 showing 17% revenue growth but a sharply higher net loss and operating expenses, alongside expanded R&D and strategic investments in diagnostics, telehealth, and cell-therapy platforms.

Market Pulse Summary

The stock moved -5.9% in the session following this news. A negative reaction despite revenue growth...
Analysis

The stock moved -5.9% in the session following this news. A negative reaction despite revenue growth fits the pattern seen in prior earnings, where the last such update coincided with a -7.96% move. Full-year 2025 results combined a 17% revenue increase with a significantly wider net loss of $8.3 million and operating expenses of about $5.4 million. Persistent losses, higher costs, and existing warrant overhang disclosed in recent prospectus filings could all reinforce downside pressure if investors focus on dilution risk and the path to profitability.

Key Terms

chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC), drug master files (DMFs), u.s. food and drug administration (fda), investigational new drug (ind), +4 more
8 terms
chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) regulatory
"Completed comprehensive Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC) development for the"
Chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) is the collection of information and data that describes a drug’s recipe, how it is made at scale, and the quality checks that ensure each batch is consistent and safe. For investors, CMC matters because regulators use it to decide approvals and manufacturing reliability; weak or incomplete CMC can delay launches, raise production costs, or create supply risks much like a flawed recipe or factory process undermines a product’s reliability.
drug master files (DMFs) regulatory
"Filed Drug Master Files (DMFs) with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)"
Drug master files (DMFs) are confidential submissions to health regulators that contain detailed technical information about how a drug ingredient or component is made, tested and controlled, allowing a manufacturer to share safety and quality data without exposing proprietary trade secrets. For investors, DMFs are a signal that a company’s supply chain and manufacturing practices are documented and inspectable, which can help speed approvals, reduce regulatory risk and protect product continuity—think of them as locked blueprints that reassure regulators and partners that a product can be produced reliably.
u.s. food and drug administration (fda) regulatory
"Drug Master Files (DMFs) with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for our"
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a government agency responsible for protecting public health by ensuring the safety and effectiveness of food, medicines, vaccines, and other health-related products. For investors, the FDA’s decisions can significantly impact companies in the healthcare and food industries, as approval or rejection of products can influence a company's success and stock performance.
investigational new drug (ind) regulatory
"submit Investigational New Drug (IND) applications to the FDA for both Dry Eye"
An investigational new drug (IND) is a drug or biologic that is being tested but has not yet been approved for general use; it is the application and formal status that allows a company to begin human clinical trials under regulator oversight. Investors care because an IND marks the transition from lab work to human testing — like getting a permit to run real-world experiments — which creates important milestones, costs, timelines and regulatory risk that drive a development-stage company's value.
q-submission regulatory
"toward an FDA Q-Submission to discuss potential Breakthrough Device eligibility"
A Q-Submission is a formal request a medical product developer sends to regulators asking for written feedback or a meeting about planned studies, device design, or regulatory steps before filing for approval. For investors, it matters because this early interaction can clarify the approval pathway, reduce surprises and delays, and give a clearer timeline and risk picture—like checking a route with a traffic officer before a long trip.
breakthrough device regulatory
"Q-Submission to the FDA to discuss potential Breakthrough Device eligibility for"
'Breakthrough device' is a regulatory designation for a medical device judged to offer a substantial improvement in diagnosing or treating a serious or life‑threatening condition, granting it priority review and more intensive interaction with regulators to accelerate approval. For investors, it matters because the label can shorten time to market and reduce regulatory uncertainty—like putting a product into the fast lane—potentially raising commercial value and lowering development risk.
clia- and cap-certified regulatory
"offering CLIA- and CAP-certified laboratory services across 44 U.S. states,"
A laboratory that is CLIA- and CAP-certified has passed federal quality and safety rules for medical testing (CLIA) and an independent expert inspection from the College of American Pathologists (CAP). For investors this signals that the lab’s test results are reliable, that the operation meets regulatory requirements needed to run clinical tests and bill insurers, and that regulatory and operational risk is lower—like a business having both a government license and an industry seal of approval.
limbal stem cell medical
"Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls development for the Limbal Stem Cell platform"
Limbal stem cells are the specialized cells located at the edge of the cornea that continually renew and repair the eye’s clear surface; when they are lost or damaged, the cornea can scar or become cloudy, causing vision loss. Investors care because therapies that replace or stimulate these cells are part of regenerative medicine with potential for durable treatments, regulatory reviews, and commercial markets, but they also carry clinical trial, manufacturing, and approval risks.

AI-generated analysis. Not financial advice.

TAIPEI, Taiwan, April 30, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- YD Bio Limited (“YD Bio” or the “Company”) (Nasdaq: YDES), a biotechnology company advancing DNA methylation-based cancer detection technology and ophthalmologic innovations, today announced its financial results for the full year ended December 31, 2025.

Management Commentary
“2025 was a highly transformative and foundational year for YD Bio, characterized by the successful capitalization of our long-term strategic vision. The successful completion of our business combination with Breeze Holdings Acquisition Corp. in August 2025, alongside a $13.2 million private investment in public equity (PIPE) financing, helped to significantly strengthen our balance sheet. Furthermore, we achieved a 17% increase in net revenue, driven predominantly by expanded pharmaceutical sales volumes and strategic new product launches,” said Dr. Ethan Shen, Chairman and CEO of YD Bio. “We ended the year well-capitalized with approximately $6.0 million in cash and cash equivalents, which we believe positions us to securely meet our operating obligations in 2026 and aggressively pursue our clinical milestones.”

“During the past year, we consciously increased our research and development expenditures by approximately $1.1 million to secure essential licensed patents and technological know-how, and we restructured our sales mix to rapidly scale our commercial footprint. These foundational investments in our clinical service infrastructure and diagnostics platform are designed to support robust growth across multiple regulated healthcare segments.”

“Looking ahead, our strategic focus for 2026 is to aggressively advance our proprietary assets from validation toward expanded regulatory and commercial execution. We have already achieved certain milestones in our therapeutics pipeline by completing comprehensive Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC) development and filing Drug Master Files (DMFs) with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for our Limbal Stem Cell (LSC) platform and derived exosome products. This paves the way for us to submit Investigational New Drug (IND) applications to the FDA for both Dry Eye Disease and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in 2026. Concurrently, we are advancing our OkaiDx™ Pancreatic Cancer Early Detection Program toward an FDA Q-Submission to discuss potential Breakthrough Device eligibility and building upon our EG Telehealth Platform, which was recently launched in March 2026 to support diagnostic service delivery across the United States.”

“Finally, our vision to become an integrated, multi-vertical healthcare platform is being aggressively pursued through strategic M&A activity. For example, the previously announced merger with EG BioMed aims to seamlessly integrate DNA methylation-driven artificial intelligence platforms into our oncology programs,” said Dr. Shen.

YD Bio's Full Year 2025 Financial Results
Through the Company’s combined diagnostics platform, clinical service infrastructure, and healthcare commercialization capabilities, YD Bio seeks to develop a scalable operating model designed to support growth across multiple regulated healthcare segments. The following table presents selected summarized financial information taken from YD Bio’s consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

In thousands USD, except percentage data, differences due to rounding For the years ended December 31,
   
  2025 2024 Variance %
Net Revenue$597 510 17%
Cost of Revenue (429)(355)21%
Gross Profit 168 155 8%
General and Administrative Expenses 3,663 1,125 226%
Selling and Marketing Expenses 171 2 8,450%
Research and Development Expenses 1,602 491 226%
Impairment of expected credit loss 3 (1)400%
Total Operating Expenses 5,439 1,617 236%
Loss from Operations (5,271)(1,462)261%
Net Loss (8,310)(1,412)489%
        

Net Revenue
Net revenue increased by $86,457 or 17% to $596,817 for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $510,360 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The top 5 individual products by revenue accounted for 41% of the total revenue during the period. The increase in revenue was primarily due to higher sales volumes and a shift in product mix toward lower-priced products, as reflected in the decrease in average selling price. Pharmaceutical sales, particularly Keytruda, which increased by approximately $48,598 driven by higher purchase volumes from key customers, along with new product launches, were the primary growth drivers. This growth was partially offset by decreased medical product sales, primarily due to the discontinuation of certain products and reduced orders for PVA eye cleansing tablets as a key customer adjusted its procurement strategy based on end-market feedback. Overall, the revenue change reflects a structural shift from higher-priced medical products toward pharmaceuticals and other lower-priced offerings.

Top five individual products by revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025:

Product Revenue
Keytruda Injection (Drugs)$133,138
HQ Revitalizing and Renewing Tencel Mask (Beauty Products) 36,749
Exolens Hioxifilcon (Contact lenses) 35,000
Mounjaro Pen (Drugs) 22,025
12-Lead Electrocardiograph (Medical and related products) 20,416
Subtotal$247,328
   

Top five individual products by revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024:

Product Revenue
PVA Eye Cleansing Wipes (Medical and related products)$97,512
Keytruda injection (Drugs) 84,540
Immune Defense Proteins (Nutritional products) 33,613
Fluorescence Cell Counter and Viability Analyzer (Medical and related products) 23,177
Faslodex solution for injection (Drugs) 21,127
Subtotal$259,969
   

Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue increased by $74,403 or 21% to $429,407 for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $355,004 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The cost of revenue consists primarily of purchase costs of products for resales. The increase in cost of revenue was higher than the increase of net revenue, which was primarily due to the change in sales mix to the products sold with a lower margin during the year. Specifically, the sales mix shifted from higher-margin medical products to drugs and medical peripherals with relatively lower margins, resulting in a decrease in overall gross margin. This impact was partially offset by lower procurement costs for certain products.

Gross Profit
Gross profit increased by $12,054 or 8% to $167,410 for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $155,356 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The year-to-year changes were primarily due to higher sales volumes and a shift in product mix toward lower-priced products.

Operating Expenses
For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company’s total operating expenses were approximately $5.4 million, reflecting an increase of $3.8 million compared to $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was mainly caused by the increase in professional and consultancy service fees related to the Company’s expansion and restructuring costs of $1.1 million, the increase in research and development expenses by $1.1 million related to two licensed patents and know-how, and by the $1.3 million increase in staff costs from the expansion of the Company’s business.

Net Loss
As a result of the foregoing, net loss for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $8.3 million compared to $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in net loss was mainly caused by the increase of change in fair value of warrant liabilities by $3.2 million, professional and consultancy service fees related to the Company expansion and restructuring by $1.1 million, research and development expenses by $1.1 million related to two licensed patents and know-how, and by the $1.3 million increase in staff costs from the expansion of the Company’s business.

Cash and Cash Equivalents
As of December 31, 2025, YD Bio’s cash was $6.0 million compared to $3.1 million as of December 31, 2024. This increase was primarily due to an equity raise of $13.9 million, offset by deferred offering cost of approximately $3.2 million, professional and consultancy services fees related to the Company expansion and restructuring of $1.5 million, research and development expenses of $1.1 million, payment for purchase of medical products and contact lenses of $1.9 million and prepayment for the purchase of office space and parking facilities of $1.5 million.

YD Bio Major Developments and 2026 Outlook

Therapeutics and Limbal Stem Cell Platform

  • Completed comprehensive Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls development for the Limbal Stem Cell platform and its derived exosome products.
  • Filed Drug Master Files with the FDA for both Limbal Stem Cells and derived exosomes.
  • Planning to establish a clinical-grade Limbal Stem Cell bank and submit an Investigational New Drug application for Dry Eye Disease in 2026.
  • Expecting to complete preclinical, efficacy, and toxicity studies for Age-Related Macular Degeneration, followed by an Investigational New Drug submission in 2026.

Diagnostics and Telehealth

  • Operating the online EG Telehealth Platform offering CLIA- and CAP-certified laboratory services across 44 U.S. states, Washington D.C., and Guam.
  • Advancing the OkaiDx™ Pancreatic Cancer Early Detection Program through a clinical validation pathway aligned with the FDA.
  • Aiming to complete patient enrollment, data cleaning, quality control, and preliminary statistical analysis for the OkaiDx™ program in 2026.
  • Planning a Q-Submission to the FDA to discuss potential Breakthrough Device eligibility for the pancreatic cancer program.

Strategic Expansions and Acquisitions

  • Announced a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding on January 6, 2026, to merge with EG BioMed.
  • Announced a binding Letter of Intent on January 20, 2026, to acquire Safe Save Medical Cell Sciences & Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Announced a Master Strategic Alliance Agreement by and between YD Bio USA, Inc. and YC Biotech Co., Ltd. On February 25, 2026.

About YD Bio Limited
YD Bio is a U.S.-anchored public biotechnology company building an integrated healthcare platform across regulated diagnostics, clinical services, and commercial healthcare markets. The Company operates DNA methylation–based oncology testing programs in the United States under an LDT-first strategy and provides compliant life science distribution and clinical trial supply chain services to pharmaceutical and biotechnology partners. In addition, the Company maintains regulated ocular health commercialization operations and a consumer health distribution platform in Asia. Through strategic partnerships and scalable execution capabilities, the Company aims to advance biomedical innovation with real-world clinical and commercial impact. For more information, visit ir.ydesgroup.com and follow the Company on Facebook, X, Threads, Instagram and LinkedIn.

Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements, including, among others, statements about the Company’s strategy, ongoing transactions, and expected commercialization and regulatory timelines. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections and are not guarantees of future performance. Investors can identify these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “aim,” “target,” “approximates,” “believes,” “designed to,” “hopes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may” or other similar expressions. Actual results may differ materially due to a variety of factors, including regulatory decisions and feedback, the ability to consummate certain transactions and achieve their anticipated benefits, and other risks and uncertainties described in YD Bio’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, except as required by law. The Company cautions investors that actual results may differ materially from the anticipated results and encourages investors to review other factors that may affect its future results in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F, registration statement and other filings with the SEC.

For investor and media inquiries, please contact:

YD Bio Limited
Investor Relations
Email: investor@ydesgroup.com

WFS Investor Relations Inc.
Email: services@wfsir.com
Phone: +1 628 283 9214


YD BIO LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
      
 As of
December 31,
2025
  As of
December 31,
2024
 
 US$  US$ 
ASSETS     
CURRENT ASSETS     
Cash and cash equivalents 6,007,615  3,132,298 
Accounts receivable, net 167,477  86,582 
Other receivables from an affiliate, net 291,540  16,927 
Inventories 1,879,542  37,335 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1,324,016  194,740 
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 9,670,190  3,467,882 
       
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 8,470  23,698 
Property, plant and equipment, net 59,340  64,379 
Intangible assets 2,609,739  2,680,035 
Deferred offering costs -  628,232 
Prepaid expenses, non-current 1,431,658  - 
TOTAL ASSETS 13,779,397  6,864,226 
       
LIABILITIES      
CURRENT LIABILITIES      
Due to affiliates 785,665  37,253 
Operating lease liabilities, current 6,764  16,581 
Accounts payable 413,290  26,866 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 437,859  182,360 
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 1,643,578  263,060 
       
Deferred tax liabilities   1,463 
Operating lease liabilities, non-current   5,684 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities, non-current   3,773 
Warrant Liabilities 14,991,482   
TOTAL LIABILITIES 16,635,060  273,980 
       
Commitments and contingencies      
       
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)      
Common shares ($0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 70,789,261 and 64,730,411 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively)* 7,079  6,473 
Additional paid-in capital* 7,161,681  8,465,744 
Accumulated deficits (10,238,359) (1,927,043)
Accumulated other comprehensive income 213,936  45,072 
Total shareholders’ equity (deficit) (2,855,663) 6,590,246 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) 13,779,397  6,864,226 
       


YD BIO LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)
   
 Years ended December 31, 
 2025  2024  2023  
 US$  US$  US$ 
Revenue 596,817   510,360   350,131  
Cost of revenue (429,407)  (355,004)  (196,686) 
Gross profit 167,410   155,356   153,445  
            
Operating expenses           
General and administrative expenses 3,663,141   1,124,469   153,069  
Selling and marketing expenses 170,523   1,957   7,492  
Research and development expenses 1,602,064   491,353     
Impairment (Recovery) of expected credit loss 3,403   (493)  2,731  
Total operating expenses 5,439,131   1,617,286   163,292  
            
Loss from operations (5,271,721)  (1,461,930)  (9,847) 
            
Other income (expense)           
Other income, net 46,803   64,415   29,351  
Interest income 80,162   11,808   290  
Interest expenses    (772)  (2,144) 
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities (3,168,091)       
Total other income (expense), net (3,041,126)  75,451   27,497  
            
(Loss) Income before income tax (8,312,847)  (1,386,479)  17,650  
Income tax 1,531   (25,080)  (4,090) 
Net (loss) income (8,311,316)  (1,411,559)  13,560  
            
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:           
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments 168,864   (2,139)  99  
Other Comprehensive (loss) income (8,142,452)  (1,413,698)  13,659  
            
Basic and diluted net (loss) income per share (0.12)  (0.02)  0.0002  
Basic and diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding 66,719,177   64,730,411   64,730,411  



FAQ

What drove YD Bio (YDES) revenue growth in FY2025?

Revenue growth was primarily from higher pharmaceutical sales volumes and new product launches. According to the company, Keytruda purchases increased about $48.6K and the top five products accounted for 41% of revenue, reflecting a shift toward lower-priced, higher-volume offerings.

How much cash did YD Bio (YDES) report at December 31, 2025?

YD Bio reported approximately $6.0 million in cash and cash equivalents at year-end. According to the company, this followed an equity raise of $13.9 million and was reduced by deferred offering costs, professional fees, R&D spend, and other prepayments.

What regulatory milestones did YD Bio (YDES) complete for its therapeutics pipeline?

YD Bio completed CMC development and filed Drug Master Files with the FDA for its LSC platform and derived exosomes. According to the company, this prepares the company to pursue IND submissions for Dry Eye Disease and AMD in 2026.

What is the status of YD Bio's OkaiDx™ pancreatic cancer program?

OkaiDx™ is advancing through clinical validation with plans for patient enrollment completion and preliminary analysis in 2026. According to the company, management intends to submit a Q-Submission to the FDA to discuss potential Breakthrough Device eligibility.

How did operating expenses affect YD Bio's (YDES) 2025 net loss?

Operating expenses increased substantially to $5.4M, contributing to a net loss of $8.31M. According to the company, higher fair value of warrant liabilities, consultancy fees, R&D licensing costs, and increased staff expenses were main drivers of the loss.