Company Description
Manchester United plc (NYSE: MANU) is a professional football club operator in the sports teams and clubs industry within the arts, entertainment, and recreation sector. The company is based in England and is associated with Manchester United, which it describes as one of the most popular and successful sports teams in the world, playing one of the most popular spectator sports on Earth. According to its own statements, the club has a long football heritage spanning more than a century and has won 69 trophies, helping it develop what it believes is one of the world’s leading sports and entertainment brands with a global community of 1.1 billion fans and followers.
Manchester United plc generates revenue from multiple football-related and brand-related activities. The business highlights three main revenue streams: commercial, broadcasting, and matchday. This diversified model is built around brand engagement and football content and is supported by a large, passionate, and highly engaged fan base.
Commercial activities
The commercial segment is a prominent contributor to Manchester United’s total revenue. The company states that commercial revenue is generated through sponsorships, retail, merchandising, apparel, and product licensing. Sponsorship income includes agreements with a range of partners, and the club has reported long-standing collaborations, such as extended partnerships with Canon Medical Systems and Concha y Toro. It has also announced new sponsorship agreements, for example with Coca-Cola, naming Coca-Cola as the club’s Official Carbonated Soft Drinks Partner in the United Kingdom and Europe, and with brands such as Snapdragon as a front-of-shirt sponsor.
Retail, merchandising, apparel and product licensing revenue is driven by the club’s global brand and fan base. Manchester United has highlighted the impact of its e-commerce model on these revenues, noting periods of growth linked to a full quarter or full year of trading under this model. The company has also referred to its ability to deliver appealing products and experiences for fans and to provide value to commercial partners.
Broadcasting revenue
Broadcasting revenue comes from television and media rights associated with participation in football leagues and cup competitions. The company attributes broadcasting income to domestic league matches and European competitions, as well as content delivered through its own media channels. Changes in broadcasting revenue are linked to the competitions in which the men’s first team participates and their performance in those competitions, such as participation in the UEFA Champions League or UEFA Europa League, and the club’s finishing position in the Premier League.
The company reports that broadcasting revenue can vary depending on the number of matches played in UEFA competitions and domestic cups, and on the level of those competitions. This highlights the connection between on-pitch performance and media-related income.
Matchday operations
Matchday revenue is generated from ticket sales, hospitality, merchandise and services at the club’s stadium on match days. Manchester United notes that matchday income is influenced by the number of home matches played across domestic league, European and cup competitions, and by demand for hospitality offerings. The club has reported strong demand for matchday hospitality packages and has linked increases in matchday revenue to additional home fixtures and high hospitality uptake.
Matchday activities are a core part of the club’s engagement with supporters, and the company has described record matchday revenues in certain financial periods, reflecting both fixture volume and fan demand.
Global fan base and brand
Manchester United emphasizes that its large and highly engaged global fan community provides a worldwide platform to generate revenue from sponsorship, merchandising, product licensing, broadcasting and matchday initiatives. The club describes itself as having a global community of 1.1 billion fans and followers, based on survey data, and presents this following as central to its position as a sports and entertainment brand.
The company states that revenue generated from these multiple sources directly funds its ability to reinvest in the club. This includes investment in the men’s and women’s first teams, the academy, facilities and infrastructure projects such as redevelopment of training complexes and consideration of stadium-related projects, as described in its public communications.
Men’s and women’s football operations
Manchester United plc’s football operations include a men’s first team and a women’s first team competing in domestic leagues and cup competitions, and in European competitions when qualified. The company reports on the sporting performance of these teams in its financial and news releases, including league positions, progress in UEFA competitions and domestic cups, and participation in pre-season and post-season tours.
The club has highlighted the women’s first team’s achievements, such as finishing in the upper positions of the Women’s Super League, reaching FA Cup finals, qualifying for the UEFA Women’s Champions League, and participating in tournaments such as the World Sevens Football tournament. The men’s first team’s performance in the Premier League and European competitions, including reaching the final of the UEFA Europa League in certain seasons, is also regularly reported.
Infrastructure and facilities
In its public statements, Manchester United has described investment in its infrastructure and facilities as part of its long-term plans. The club has reported on redevelopment and upgrade projects at its training complex at Carrington, including a high-performance focused training facility for the men’s first team and prior investment in women’s team facilities. These projects are presented as creating a world-class environment for players and staff.
The company has also announced its intention to pursue a new 100,000-seat stadium as the centerpiece of a regeneration project in the Old Trafford area, subject to feasibility, consultation, design and planning work. Conceptual designs and models have been unveiled, and the club has referred to the potential social and economic benefits of such a project, including job creation and increased visitor numbers. These statements reflect the club’s exploration of future stadium options and its involvement in broader regeneration discussions.
Tours, fan engagement and partnerships
Manchester United plc uses pre-season and post-season tours, as well as partnerships, to deepen fan engagement and support commercial objectives. The club has reported tours in regions such as the United States and other international locations, including participation in the Premier League’s Summer Series and post-season tours featuring matches in cities across different countries. These tours are described as opportunities to prepare for upcoming seasons, use high-quality training facilities, and connect with fans in various markets.
Partnerships with global and regional brands, such as Coca-Cola, Snapdragon and other commercial partners, are integrated into matchdays, fan experiences, digital content and community initiatives. The club states that these collaborations are intended to bring fans closer to the team and create memorable experiences, while also providing value to sponsors and contributing to commercial revenue.
Corporate reporting and regulatory status
Manchester United plc files reports with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as a foreign private issuer, including Form 20-F and Form 6-K current reports. These filings typically incorporate press releases and interim financial reports, providing detail on revenue by segment, operating profit or loss, adjusted EBITDA, cash flows, borrowings and other financial metrics. The company also provides guidance on expected revenues and adjusted EBITDA for upcoming fiscal years and notes its focus on operational efficiency and cost management.
In its communications, the club states that it remains committed to, and in compliance with, the Premier League’s Profit and Sustainability Rules and UEFA’s Financial Fair Play Regulations. It also discloses non-IFRS measures such as adjusted EBITDA, adjusted loss for the period and adjusted basic and diluted loss per share, explaining how these are calculated and why management believes they are useful for understanding the group’s financial condition and results of operations.
Business model summary
Overall, Manchester United plc’s business model centers on operating a professional football club and monetizing its football heritage, brand and fan base through three primary revenue categories: commercial, broadcasting and matchday. The company presents its long history, trophy record and global following as key assets that support sponsorships, retail and licensing, media rights and matchday activities. It also highlights ongoing investment in teams and infrastructure, and the use of financial and operational measures to manage costs and pursue long-term sporting and commercial objectives.