[S-3] Alpha Cognition Inc. Shelf Registration Statement
Alpha Cognition Inc. is registering securities on Form S-3 and discloses recent commercial, licensing and corporate developments. The company announced the commercial launch of ZUNVEYL (benzgalantamine) on March 19, 2025, a U.S.-approved treatment for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease. On January 8, 2025, Alpha Cognition entered an exclusive license with China Medical System Holdings Limited covering Asia (ex-Japan), Australia and New Zealand with aggregate deal terms of $44 million, including $6 million in upfront payments and eligibility for royalties; CMS will handle regulatory, development, manufacturing and commercialization in those territories. On January 14, 2025 the company made four strategic commercial and medical hires. As of August 22, 2025, several European, Canadian and Australian patents derived from WO2009127218 and WO2014016430 are abandoned or in the process of abandonment. Financial disclosure items include net tangible book value per share of $1.97 as of June 30, 2025, and material potential dilution from warrants, preferred conversions and options (multi-million share totals disclosed).
Alpha Cognition Inc. sta registrando titoli sul Modulo S-3 e rende note recenti novità commerciali, di licenza e societarie. L'azienda ha annunciato il lancio commerciale di ZUNVEYL (benzgalantamina) il 19 marzo 2025, un trattamento approvato negli Stati Uniti per l’Alzheimer da lieve a moderato. L'8 gennaio 2025 Alpha Cognition ha firmato una licenza esclusiva con China Medical System Holdings Limited per l'Asia (escluso il Giappone), l'Australia e la Nuova Zelanda, con termini complessivi del deal pari a 44 milioni di dollari, inclusi 6 milioni di pagamento iniziale e la possibilità di royalty; CMS gestirà regolamentazione, sviluppo, produzione e commercializzazione in quei territori. Il 14 gennaio 2025 la società ha effettuato quattro assunzioni strategiche nei settori commerciale e medico. Al 22 agosto 2025, diversi brevetti europei, canadesi e australiani derivanti da WO2009127218 e WO2014016430 risultano abbandonati o in fase di abbandono. Le informazioni finanziarie includono un valore contabile tangibile netto per azione di 1,97 dollari al 30 giugno 2025 e una potenziale diluizione significativa derivante da warrant, conversioni di azioni privilegiate e opzioni (con totali per milioni di azioni comunicati).
Alpha Cognition Inc. está registrando valores en el Formulario S-3 y divulga recientes avances comerciales, de licencias y corporativos. La compañía anunció el lanzamiento comercial de ZUNVEYL (benzgalantamina) el 19 de marzo de 2025, un tratamiento aprobado en EE. UU. para la enfermedad de Alzheimer de leve a moderada. El 8 de enero de 2025 Alpha Cognition acordó una licencia exclusiva con China Medical System Holdings Limited que cubre Asia (excluido Japón), Australia y Nueva Zelanda, con términos totales del acuerdo por 44 millones de dólares, incluidos 6 millones de pago inicial y elegibilidad a regalías; CMS se encargará de la regulación, el desarrollo, la fabricación y la comercialización en esos territorios. El 14 de enero de 2025 la empresa realizó cuatro contrataciones estratégicas en las áreas comercial y médica. Al 22 de agosto de 2025, varias patentes europeas, canadienses y australianas derivadas de WO2009127218 y WO2014016430 están abandonadas o en proceso de abandono. Las divulgaciones financieras incluyen un valor contable tangible neto por acción de 1,97 dólares al 30 de junio de 2025 y una dilución potencial material por warrants, conversiones de preferentes y opciones (totales por millones de acciones divulgados).
Alpha Cognition Inc.는 Form S-3에 증권을 등록하고 최근의 상업적·라이선스 및 기업 관련 진행 사항을 공개합니다. 회사는 2025년 3월 19일에 ZUNVEYL(벤즈갈란타민)의 상업적 출시를 발표했으며, 이는 경증~중등도 알츠하이머병에 대해 미국에서 승인된 치료제입니다. 2025년 1월 8일 Alpha Cognition은 China Medical System Holdings Limited와 아시아(일본 제외), 호주 및 뉴질랜드를 포함하는 독점 라이선스 계약을 체결했으며, 계약 총액은 4,400만 달러로 그중 600만 달러는 초기 지급금이며 로열티 수령 자격이 포함됩니다. CMS는 해당 지역에서 규제, 개발, 제조 및 상업화를 담당합니다. 2025년 1월 14일 회사는 상업 및 의료 부문에서 전략적 인력 4명을 채용했습니다. 2025년 8월 22일 기준으로 WO2009127218 및 WO2014016430에서 파생된 일부 유럽·캐나다·호주 특허들이 포기되었거나 포기 절차 중입니다. 재무 공시는 2025년 6월 30일 기준 주당 순유형자산가치가 1.97달러이며, 워런트·우선주 전환·스톡옵션 등으로 인한 수백만 주 규모의 잠재적 희석이 존재함을 포함합니다.
Alpha Cognition Inc. enregistre des titres sur le formulaire S-3 et communique sur des développements récents commerciaux, de licence et d'entreprise. La société a annoncé le lancement commercial de ZUNVEYL (benzgalantamine) le 19 mars 2025, traitement approuvé aux États-Unis pour la maladie d'Alzheimer légère à modérée. Le 8 janvier 2025, Alpha Cognition a conclu une licence exclusive avec China Medical System Holdings Limited couvrant l'Asie (hors Japon), l'Australie et la Nouvelle-Zélande, pour un accord global de 44 millions de dollars, incluant 6 millions en paiements initiaux et l'éligibilité à des redevances ; CMS prendra en charge la réglementation, le développement, la fabrication et la commercialisation dans ces territoires. Le 14 janvier 2025, la société a procédé à quatre recrutements stratégiques dans les fonctions commerciales et médicales. Au 22 août 2025, plusieurs brevets européens, canadiens et australiens dérivés de WO2009127218 et WO2014016430 sont abandonnés ou en cours d'abandon. Les informations financières indiquent une valeur comptable tangible nette par action de 1,97 USD au 30 juin 2025 et une dilution potentielle importante provenant de warrants, conversions d'actions privilégiées et options (totaux de plusieurs millions d'actions divulgués).
Alpha Cognition Inc. meldet die Registrierung von Wertpapieren auf Formular S-3 und informiert über jüngste kommerzielle, lizenzrechtliche und unternehmensbezogene Entwicklungen. Das Unternehmen kündigte am 19. März 2025 die kommerzielle Markteinführung von ZUNVEYL (Benzgalantamin) an, einer in den USA zugelassenen Behandlung für leichte bis mittelschwere Alzheimer-Erkrankung. Am 8. Januar 2025 schloss Alpha Cognition eine exklusive Lizenzvereinbarung mit China Medical System Holdings Limited für Asien (ohne Japan), Australien und Neuseeland ab; die Gesamtkonditionen belaufen sich auf 44 Millionen US-Dollar, darunter 6 Millionen als Vorauszahlung sowie Anspruch auf Lizenzzahlungen; CMS übernimmt Regulierung, Entwicklung, Produktion und Vermarktung in diesen Regionen. Am 14. Januar 2025 tätigte das Unternehmen vier strategische Einstellungen im kommerziellen und medizinischen Bereich. Stand 22. August 2025 sind mehrere aus WO2009127218 und WO2014016430 abgeleitete europäische, kanadische und australische Patente aufgegeben oder befinden sich im Aufgabeverfahren. Die finanziellen Angaben umfassen einen Netto-Tangible-Book-Value pro Aktie von 1,97 USD zum 30. Juni 2025 sowie eine wesentliche potenzielle Verwässerung durch Warrants, Vorzugsaktien-Umwandlungen und Optionen (mit insgesamt Millionen von Aktien angegeben).
- Commercial launch of ZUNVEYL in the U.S. on March 19, 2025, establishing domestic market entry
- Exclusive licensing agreement with China Medical System Holdings covering Asia (ex-Japan), Australia and New Zealand with total consideration of $44 million and royalty eligibility
- Strategic hires on January 14, 2025 to strengthen commercial, market access, corporate strategy and medical affairs teams
- Patent abandonments: European, Canadian and Australian patents derived from WO2009127218 and WO2014016430 are abandoned, intended to be abandoned, or in process of abandonment as of August 22, 2025
- Potential dilution: multi‑million share equivalents outstanding (warrants, options and preferred conversions) that could dilute existing shareholders if exercised or converted
Insights
TL;DR: ZUNVEYL launch and $44M licensing deal provide near-term commercialization pathway, but patent abandonments and dilution are material concerns.
The exclusive licensing agreement with China Medical System Holdings for Asia (excluding Japan), Australia and New Zealand for aggregate consideration of $44 million (including $6 million upfront) and royalty rights is a commercially significant milestone because it outsources regional development and monetizes rights outside the U.S. The U.S. commercial launch on March 19, 2025 establishes revenue-readiness domestically. However, the disclosed abandonment or intended abandonment of multiple patents in Europe, Canada and Australia derived from WO2009127218 and WO2014016430 reduces international IP protection and could limit exclusivity in those jurisdictions. Reported net tangible book value per share of $1.97 (June 30, 2025) and multi‑million share equivalents from warrants, options and preferred conversions imply dilution that investors should quantify when modeling per‑share metrics.
TL;DR: Recent executive hires strengthen commercial and medical capacity; filing status and disclosure concessions signal smaller reporting company characteristics.
Alpha Cognition appointed experienced commercial, market access, strategy and medical affairs leaders on January 14, 2025, which supports execution of ZUNVEYL commercialization. The Form S-3 describes reduced disclosure allowances consistent with a smaller reporting company (e.g., limited audited years, exemptions under Section 404 attestation and certain executive compensation disclosures), which affects the volume of public disclosure but is a permitted regulatory status rather than an operational deficiency. Signatures from executive officers and directors dated August 22, 2025 are provided, indicating corporate authorization of the registration statement.
Alpha Cognition Inc. sta registrando titoli sul Modulo S-3 e rende note recenti novità commerciali, di licenza e societarie. L'azienda ha annunciato il lancio commerciale di ZUNVEYL (benzgalantamina) il 19 marzo 2025, un trattamento approvato negli Stati Uniti per l’Alzheimer da lieve a moderato. L'8 gennaio 2025 Alpha Cognition ha firmato una licenza esclusiva con China Medical System Holdings Limited per l'Asia (escluso il Giappone), l'Australia e la Nuova Zelanda, con termini complessivi del deal pari a 44 milioni di dollari, inclusi 6 milioni di pagamento iniziale e la possibilità di royalty; CMS gestirà regolamentazione, sviluppo, produzione e commercializzazione in quei territori. Il 14 gennaio 2025 la società ha effettuato quattro assunzioni strategiche nei settori commerciale e medico. Al 22 agosto 2025, diversi brevetti europei, canadesi e australiani derivanti da WO2009127218 e WO2014016430 risultano abbandonati o in fase di abbandono. Le informazioni finanziarie includono un valore contabile tangibile netto per azione di 1,97 dollari al 30 giugno 2025 e una potenziale diluizione significativa derivante da warrant, conversioni di azioni privilegiate e opzioni (con totali per milioni di azioni comunicati).
Alpha Cognition Inc. está registrando valores en el Formulario S-3 y divulga recientes avances comerciales, de licencias y corporativos. La compañía anunció el lanzamiento comercial de ZUNVEYL (benzgalantamina) el 19 de marzo de 2025, un tratamiento aprobado en EE. UU. para la enfermedad de Alzheimer de leve a moderada. El 8 de enero de 2025 Alpha Cognition acordó una licencia exclusiva con China Medical System Holdings Limited que cubre Asia (excluido Japón), Australia y Nueva Zelanda, con términos totales del acuerdo por 44 millones de dólares, incluidos 6 millones de pago inicial y elegibilidad a regalías; CMS se encargará de la regulación, el desarrollo, la fabricación y la comercialización en esos territorios. El 14 de enero de 2025 la empresa realizó cuatro contrataciones estratégicas en las áreas comercial y médica. Al 22 de agosto de 2025, varias patentes europeas, canadienses y australianas derivadas de WO2009127218 y WO2014016430 están abandonadas o en proceso de abandono. Las divulgaciones financieras incluyen un valor contable tangible neto por acción de 1,97 dólares al 30 de junio de 2025 y una dilución potencial material por warrants, conversiones de preferentes y opciones (totales por millones de acciones divulgados).
Alpha Cognition Inc.는 Form S-3에 증권을 등록하고 최근의 상업적·라이선스 및 기업 관련 진행 사항을 공개합니다. 회사는 2025년 3월 19일에 ZUNVEYL(벤즈갈란타민)의 상업적 출시를 발표했으며, 이는 경증~중등도 알츠하이머병에 대해 미국에서 승인된 치료제입니다. 2025년 1월 8일 Alpha Cognition은 China Medical System Holdings Limited와 아시아(일본 제외), 호주 및 뉴질랜드를 포함하는 독점 라이선스 계약을 체결했으며, 계약 총액은 4,400만 달러로 그중 600만 달러는 초기 지급금이며 로열티 수령 자격이 포함됩니다. CMS는 해당 지역에서 규제, 개발, 제조 및 상업화를 담당합니다. 2025년 1월 14일 회사는 상업 및 의료 부문에서 전략적 인력 4명을 채용했습니다. 2025년 8월 22일 기준으로 WO2009127218 및 WO2014016430에서 파생된 일부 유럽·캐나다·호주 특허들이 포기되었거나 포기 절차 중입니다. 재무 공시는 2025년 6월 30일 기준 주당 순유형자산가치가 1.97달러이며, 워런트·우선주 전환·스톡옵션 등으로 인한 수백만 주 규모의 잠재적 희석이 존재함을 포함합니다.
Alpha Cognition Inc. enregistre des titres sur le formulaire S-3 et communique sur des développements récents commerciaux, de licence et d'entreprise. La société a annoncé le lancement commercial de ZUNVEYL (benzgalantamine) le 19 mars 2025, traitement approuvé aux États-Unis pour la maladie d'Alzheimer légère à modérée. Le 8 janvier 2025, Alpha Cognition a conclu une licence exclusive avec China Medical System Holdings Limited couvrant l'Asie (hors Japon), l'Australie et la Nouvelle-Zélande, pour un accord global de 44 millions de dollars, incluant 6 millions en paiements initiaux et l'éligibilité à des redevances ; CMS prendra en charge la réglementation, le développement, la fabrication et la commercialisation dans ces territoires. Le 14 janvier 2025, la société a procédé à quatre recrutements stratégiques dans les fonctions commerciales et médicales. Au 22 août 2025, plusieurs brevets européens, canadiens et australiens dérivés de WO2009127218 et WO2014016430 sont abandonnés ou en cours d'abandon. Les informations financières indiquent une valeur comptable tangible nette par action de 1,97 USD au 30 juin 2025 et une dilution potentielle importante provenant de warrants, conversions d'actions privilégiées et options (totaux de plusieurs millions d'actions divulgués).
Alpha Cognition Inc. meldet die Registrierung von Wertpapieren auf Formular S-3 und informiert über jüngste kommerzielle, lizenzrechtliche und unternehmensbezogene Entwicklungen. Das Unternehmen kündigte am 19. März 2025 die kommerzielle Markteinführung von ZUNVEYL (Benzgalantamin) an, einer in den USA zugelassenen Behandlung für leichte bis mittelschwere Alzheimer-Erkrankung. Am 8. Januar 2025 schloss Alpha Cognition eine exklusive Lizenzvereinbarung mit China Medical System Holdings Limited für Asien (ohne Japan), Australien und Neuseeland ab; die Gesamtkonditionen belaufen sich auf 44 Millionen US-Dollar, darunter 6 Millionen als Vorauszahlung sowie Anspruch auf Lizenzzahlungen; CMS übernimmt Regulierung, Entwicklung, Produktion und Vermarktung in diesen Regionen. Am 14. Januar 2025 tätigte das Unternehmen vier strategische Einstellungen im kommerziellen und medizinischen Bereich. Stand 22. August 2025 sind mehrere aus WO2009127218 und WO2014016430 abgeleitete europäische, kanadische und australische Patente aufgegeben oder befinden sich im Aufgabeverfahren. Die finanziellen Angaben umfassen einen Netto-Tangible-Book-Value pro Aktie von 1,97 USD zum 30. Juni 2025 sowie eine wesentliche potenzielle Verwässerung durch Warrants, Vorzugsaktien-Umwandlungen und Optionen (mit insgesamt Millionen von Aktien angegeben).
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 2025
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
ALPHA COGNITION INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
British Columbia | N/A | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
1452 Hughes Rd., Ste
200
Grapevine, Texas, 76051
(858) 344-4375
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Michael McFadden
Chief Executive Officer
Alpha Cognition Inc.
1452 Hughes Rd., Ste 200
Grapevine, Texas, 76051
(858) 344-4375
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
Jason K. Brenkert, Esq.
Dorsey & Whitney LLP
1400 Wewatta Street, Suite 400
Denver, Colorado 80202
(303) 352-1133
From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.
(Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public)
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: ☐
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462 (c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated Filer ☐ |
Non-accelerated filer ☒ | Smaller reporting company ☒ |
Emerging growth company ☒ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a) of the Securities Act, may determine.
EXPLANATORY NOTE
This registration statement contains:
● | a base prospectus which covers the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to $250,000,000 in the aggregate of the securities identified above from time to time in one or more offerings; and |
● | an “at-the-market” offering prospectus supplement covering the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to a maximum aggregate offering price of $75,000,000 of our common shares that may be issued and sold under an At The Market Offering Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Wainwright & Co., LLC (“Wainwright”). |
The prospectus immediately follows this explanatory note. The specific terms of any securities to be offered pursuant to the prospectus will be specified in a prospectus supplement to the prospectus. The “at-the-market” offering prospectus supplement immediately follows the prospectus. The $75,000,000 of common shares that may be offered, issued and sold under the “at-the-market” offering prospectus supplement is included in the $250,000,000 of securities that may be offered, issued and sold by us under the prospectus. Upon termination of the Sales Agreement with Wainwright, any portion of the $75,000,000 included in the “at-the-market” offering prospectus supplement that is not sold pursuant to the Sales Agreement will be available for sale in other offerings pursuant to the prospectus and a corresponding prospectus supplement, and if no shares are sold under the Sales Agreement, the full $250,000,000 of securities may be sold in other offerings pursuant to the prospectus and a corresponding prospectus supplement.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where such offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED AUGUST 22, 2025
PROSPECTUS
$250,000,000
Common Shares
Preferred Shares
Debt Securities
Warrants
Subscription Receipts
Units
We may offer for sale from time to time, either separately or together in one or more offerings, up to $250,000,000 aggregate initial offering price of common shares in the capital of Alpha Cognition Inc. (the “Company”), without par value (which we refer to herein as “common shares”), preferred shares in the capital of the Company (which we refer to herein as “preferred shares”), debt securities of the Company (which we refer to herein as “debt securities”), warrants to purchase common shares (which we refer to herein as “warrants”), subscription receipts for common shares, preferred shares, warrants or debt securities or any combination thereof (which we refer to herein as “subscription receipts”), or any combination of the above securities (which we refer to herein as “units”) (collectively, the common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants, subscription receipts, and units are referred to herein as the “securities”), in one or more transactions under this base prospectus (which we refer to herein as the “prospectus”). This prospectus also covers (i) common shares that may be issued upon exercise of warrants and (ii) such indeterminate amount of securities as may be issued in exchange for, or upon conversion of, as the case may be, the securities registered hereunder, including, in each case, an indeterminate number of common shares that may be issued pursuant to anti-dilution or adjustment provisions in warrants, debt securities or subscription receipts issuable hereunder.
The specific terms of any securities to be offered will be contained in one or more supplements to this prospectus. Any prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein carefully before you invest in any securities. This prospectus may not be used to sell securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering.
We may offer and sell the securities from time to time in amounts, at prices and on other terms to be determined at the time of offering. We may offer and sell the securities to or through one or more underwriters, dealers or agents, or directly to purchasers, on a continuous or delayed basis. If any underwriters, dealers or agents are involved in the sale of any of the securities, their names, and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between or among us and them will be set forth, or will be calculable from the information set forth, in any applicable prospectus supplement. See the sections entitled “About this prospectus” and “Plan of Distribution” for more information.
Our common shares are currently traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Nasdaq”) under the symbol “ACOG”. There is currently no market through which the securities, other than the common shares, may be sold and purchasers may not be able to resell the securities purchased under this prospectus. This may affect the pricing of the securities, other than the common shares, in the secondary market, the transparency and availability of trading prices, the liquidity of these securities and the extent of issuer regulation.
On August 21, 2025, the last reported sale price of our common shares on the Nasdaq was $8.26.
Investing in our securities involves risks. You should carefully review the risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page 6 of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, and in any documents incorporated by reference herein or therein before investing in our securities.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
The date of this prospectus is , 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROSPECTUS
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS | ii | |
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY | 1 | |
RISK FACTORS | 6 | |
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS | 8 | |
USE OF PROCEEDS | 9 | |
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION | 9 | |
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK | 12 | |
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES | 17 | |
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS | 19 | |
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS | 23 | |
LEGAL MATTERS | 23 | |
EXPERTS | 23 | |
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE | 24 | |
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION | 24 |
i
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that Alpha Cognition Inc., a British Columbia corporation, which is also referred to as the “Company,” “Alpha Cognition,” “we,” “us,” “ourselves” and “our,” has filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using a “shelf” registration procedure. Under this procedure, we may offer and sell at any time and from time to time, in one or more offerings, any combination of the securities described in this prospectus.
To understand the terms of the securities offered by this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, any free writing prospectus that we authorize and any pricing supplement, you should carefully read this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, any free writing prospectus that we authorize and any pricing supplement, and any documents incorporated by reference herein or therein. You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, any free writing prospectus that we authorize and any pricing supplement. We have not authorized any person, including any salesman or broker, to provide information other than that provided in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, any free writing prospectus that we authorize or any pricing supplement. We do not take responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any information that others may give you. We are not making an offer of the securities in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted. You should assume that the information in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, any free writing prospectus that we authorize and any pricing supplement is accurate only as of the date on our cover page and that any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of such document incorporated by reference. You should also read the documents referred to under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information” for information regarding us and our financial statements. Certain capitalized terms used in this prospectus are defined elsewhere in this prospectus.
This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer securities, we will prepare and distribute a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific amounts, prices and terms of that offering. That prospectus supplement may include a discussion of any risk factors or other special considerations applicable to those securities. The prospectus supplement may also contain information about any material U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to the securities covered by the prospectus supplement. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement.
The registration statement containing this prospectus, including the exhibits to the registration statement, provides additional information about us and the securities offered under this prospectus.
The exhibits to the registration statement contain the full text of certain contracts and other important documents we have summarized in this prospectus. You should review the full text of these documents because these summaries may not contain all the information that you may find important in deciding whether to purchase the securities we offer. The registration statement, including the exhibits, can be read at the SEC’s website or at the SEC’s offices mentioned under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”
We may sell securities to underwriters who will sell the securities to the public on terms fixed at the time of sale. In addition, the securities may be sold by us directly or through dealers or agents designated from time to time, which agents may be our affiliates. If we, directly or through agents, solicit offers to purchase the securities, we reserve the sole right to accept and, together with our agents, to reject, in whole or in part, any offer.
A prospectus supplement will also contain, with respect to the securities being offered thereby, the names of any underwriters, dealers or agents, together with the terms of the offering, the compensation of any underwriters, dealers or agents and the net proceeds to us.
Any underwriters, dealers or agents participating in any offering may be deemed “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which we refer to in this prospectus as the “Securities Act.”
This prospectus may not be used to sell any securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights information contained in other parts of this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate by reference. Because it is only a summary, it does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our common shares and it is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information appearing elsewhere or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You should read all such documents carefully, especially the risk factors and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, before deciding to buy shares of our common shares.
Overview
We are a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to developing treatments for patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (“Alzheimer’s disease” or “AD”), for which there are limited or no treatment options. We focus on the development of commercial manufacturing and commercial sales of ZUNVEYL oral tablet formulation. Our commercial development program for ZUNVEYL is primarily focused on building a long-term care commercial team that can focus on providing key points of differentiation, exploiting key issues with existing AChEI treatments, and franchising potential additional indications and new products.
We launched ZUNVEYL on March 17, 2025 and will target the largest volume nursing homes specializing in Alzheimer’s Disease, leveraging an account-based sales team with demonstrated success in LTC, positioning ZUNVEYL with Medicare payors, and developing strategic and clinical partnerships with consultant pharmacists and long-term care pharmacies. We have set the Wholesale Acquisition Cost (WAC) for our latest therapeutic product at $749 per month. This pricing reflects our commitment to balancing patient access with the value of innovative healthcare solutions. By establishing a competitive WAC price, we aim to enhance affordability and ensure patients can benefit from our advanced treatment options. Patients’ out-of-pocket cost for treatment with ZUNVEYL will depend on their length of treatment and their insurance. We have three additional pre-clinical development programs: ZUNVEYL in combination with memantine for the treatment of moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease, ALPHA-1062 sublingual formulation, ALPHA-1062 intranasal (“ALPHA-1062IN”) formulation for the treatment of cognitive impairment with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI; otherwise known as concussion) and ALPHA-0602, ALPHA-0702 & ALPHA-0802, also referred to as ‘Progranulin’ and ‘Progranulin GEM’s’, for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, otherwise known as ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
ZUNVEYL, is a patented new innovative product being developed as a next generation acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, with expected minimal gastrointestinal side effects. ZUNVEYL’s active metabolite is differentiated from donepezil and rivastigmine in that it binds neuronal nicotinic receptors, most notably the alpha-7 subtype, which is known to have a positive effect on cognition. ZUNVEYL is in pre-clinical development in combination with memantine to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease, in pre-clinical development with sublingual formulation for patients suffering from dysphagia, and ALPHA-1062IN is intended to be out-licensed for pre-clinical development to study an intranasal formulation for cognitive impairment with mTBI.
Our other pre-clinical stage assets include ALPHA-0602, ALPHA-0702 & ALPHA-0802 (Progranulin and Progranulin GEM’s), which are expressed in several cell types in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues, promotes cell survival, regulates certain inflammatory processes, and play a significant role in regulating lysosomal function and microglial responses to disease. Our intended use for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has been patented by us and ALPHA-0602 has been granted an Orphan Drug Designation for the treatment of ALS by the FDA. Orphan Drug Designation was provided for ALPHA-0602 by the Office of Orphan Drug Products, FDA on February 2020 based on the Federal Food Drug, and Cosmetic Act, whereby the ALPHA-0602 met the criteria designated in Section 526 of such Act. For a further description see the section entitled “Business - Government Regulation - Orphan Drug Designation”. The Orphan Drug Designation allows for exclusivity provisions provided the drug is approved first for indication: treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALPHA-0702 and ALPHA-0802 are Granulin Epithelin Motifs, (“GEMs”), derived from full length progranulin which have therapeutic potential across multiple neurodegenerative diseases. GEMs have been shown to be important in regulating cell growth, survival, repair, and inflammation. ALPHA-0702 and ALPHA-0802 are designed to deliver this with potentially lower toxicity, and greater therapeutic effect. As the assets are pre-clinical assets and do not add material value to our business, we will not develop these assets further and instead will seek to out-license the assets to interested third parties. Given the early stage of discussion with third parties, we cannot assess value to a license agreement.
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We are the parent company of Alpha Cognition Canada Inc. (“Alpha Canada” or “ACI Canada”) which is the parent company of Alpha Cognition USA Inc. (“ACI USA”). As of May 1, 2023, our common shares commenced trading on the CSE under the symbol “ACOG”, previously our shares were traded on the TSX-V until April 28, 2023, when we had them delisted. As of November 12, 2024, our common shares commenced trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ACOG”. We were voluntarily delisted from the CSE on December 17, 2024.
Risk Factors
Our operations and financial results are subject to various risk and uncertainties. Before deciding to invest in our securities, you should carefully consider the factors described under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 6 of this prospectus, as well as the other information included elsewhere in this prospectus, and the risk factors described under “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any subsequently-filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and those contained in our other filings with the SEC that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Any of the foregoing risk factors could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also adversely affect our business operations.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
As a company with less than $1.235 billion in revenues during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an emerging growth company as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or the JOBS Act, enacted in 2012. As an emerging growth company, we expect to take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:
● | being permitted to present only two years of audited financial statements, in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements, with correspondingly reduced “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure in this prospectus; |
● | not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended; |
● | reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; |
● | exemption from certain executive compensation disclosure provisions requiring a pay-for-performance graph and CEO pay ratio disclosure; and |
● | exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. |
We elected to take advantage of all of these reduced reporting requirements and exemptions, including the longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards under §107 of the JOBS Act. Our election to use the phase-in periods may make it difficult to compare our financial statements to those of non-emerging growth companies and other emerging growth companies that have opted out of the phase-in periods under §107 of the JOBS Act.
Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act defines a “smaller reporting company” as an issuer that is not an investment company, an asset-backed issuer, or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent that is not a smaller reporting company and that:
● | had a public float of less than $250 million as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter, computed by multiplying the aggregate worldwide number of shares of its voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates by the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average of the bid and asked prices of common equity, in the principal market for the common equity; or |
● | in the case of an initial registration statement under the Securities Act, or the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the Exchange Act, for shares of its common equity, had a public float of less than $250 million as of a date within 30 days of the date of the filing of the registration statement, computed by multiplying the aggregate worldwide number of such shares held by non-affiliates before the registration plus, in the case of a Securities Act registration statement, the number of such shares included in the registration statement by the estimated initial public offering price of the shares; or |
● | in the case of an issuer whose public float as calculated under the previous two bullet points was zero or less than $700 million, had annual revenues of less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year for which audited financial statements are available. |
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We believe that we are a smaller reporting company, and as such that we will not be required and may not include a Compensation Discussion and Analysis section in our proxy statements; we will provide only two years of financial statements; and we need not provide the table of selected financial data. We also will have other “scaled” disclosure requirements that are less comprehensive than issuers that are not smaller reporting companies. These “scaled” disclosure requirements may make our securities less attractive to potential investors, which could make it more difficult for our security holders to sell their securities.
Recent Developments
● | On March 19, 2025, we announced the official commercial launch of ZUNVEYL. |
● | On January 14, 2025, we announced the strategic appointments of Jen Pesa, Vice President of Commercial; Jack Kelly, Head of Market Access; Rommel Fernandez, Vice President of Corporate Strategy and Operations; and Kurt Grady, Vice President of Medical Affairs. These hires mark significant milestones in building Alpha Cognition’s commercial and medical teams. |
● | On January 8, 2025, we announced an exclusive licensing agreement with China Medical System Holdings Limited (CMS) for the development, manufacturing and commercialization of ZUNVEYL (benzgalantamine) in Asia (excluding Japan), Australia and New Zealand. ZUNVEYL is a next generation acetylcholinesterase inhibitor approved in the US for the treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Terms of the agreement total $44 million, which includes $6 million in total upfront payments split into tranches and development and commercial milestone payments. Additionally, ACI is eligible to receive royalties on net sales of ZUNVEYL in Asia (excluding Japan), Australia and New Zealand. CMS will be responsible for the regulatory, development, manufacturing, and commercialization of ZUNVEYL in the licensed territories. |
● | As of August 22, 2025, European and Canadian Patents derived from WO2009127218 (BBB II), namely EP 2137192 and CA 2,721,007, and European, Canadian and Australian Patents derived from WO2014016430 (BBB-III), namely EP 2877165, EP 3417862, CA 2,878,135 and AU 2013294917, are abandoned, intended to be abandoned, or in the process of abandonment. |
NASDAQ Listing and Reverse Stock Split
On November 12, 2024, our common shares began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ACOG”.
On November 5, 2024, we completed a reverse stock split of our common shares with a stock split ratio of 1-for-25 (“Reverse Stock Split”). The Reverse Stock Split is intended to allow us to meet the minimum share price requirement of the Nasdaq Capital Market.
Except as otherwise indicated, all references to our common shares, share data, per share data and related information depict the effect of the Reverse Stock Split as if it had occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented. The Reverse Stock Split combined each twenty five shares of our outstanding common shares into one common share, without any change in the par value per share which will remain no par value, and the Reverse Stock Split correspondingly adjusted, among other things, the number of common shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options and warrants and the exercise price of such options and warrants and shares issuable upon conversion of preferred shares and other convertible securities. No fractional shares will be issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split, and any fractional shares resulting from the Reverse Stock Split were rounded to the nearest whole share.
Corporate Information
Our principal office is located at 1452 Hughes Rd., Ste 200, Grapevine, Texas, 76051. Our registered and records office is located at 1200 - 750 West Pender Street, Vancouver, BC, V6C 2T8. Our phone number is 1-858-344-4375. Our website is www.alphacognition.com. We make available, free of charge, through our website, by way of a hyperlink to a third-party site that includes filings we make with the SEC website (www.sec.gov), our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports electronically filed or furnished pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The information contained on, connected to or that can be accessed via our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus. In addition, the public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington D.C., 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
Additional Information
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or incorporated herein by reference. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with additional information or information different from that contained in this prospectus filed with the SEC or incorporated herein by reference. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, the common shares and pre-funded warrants only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this document, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of the common shares and pre-funded warrants. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may have changed since the date hereof.
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The Securities Offered under this Prospectus
We may offer the common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants, subscription receipts or units with a total value of up to $250,000,000 from time to time under this prospectus, together with any applicable prospectus supplement, at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of offering. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific amounts, prices and other important terms of the securities, including, to the extent applicable:
● | designation or classification; |
● | aggregate offering price; |
● | original issue discount, if any; |
● | rates and times of payment of dividends, if any; |
● | redemption, conversion or exchange terms, if any; |
● | conversion or exchange prices, if any, and, if applicable, any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the conversion or exchange prices and in the securities or other property receivable upon conversion or exchange; |
● | restrictive covenants, if any; |
● | voting or other rights, if any; and |
● | important United States and Canadian federal income tax considerations. |
A prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus or in documents we have incorporated by reference. However, no prospectus supplement will offer a security that is not described in this prospectus.
We may sell the securities on a continuous or delayed basis to or through underwriters, dealers or agents or directly to purchasers. The prospectus supplement, which we will provide each time we offer securities, will set forth the names of any underwriters, dealers or agents involved in the sale of the securities, and any applicable fee, commission or discount arrangements with them.
Common Shares
We may issue common shares from time to time. The holders of our common shares are entitled to one vote per share. Our notice of articles and articles do not provide for cumulative voting. The holders of our common shares are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared by our board of directors out of legally available funds; however, the current policy of our board of directors is to retain earnings, if any, for operations and growth. Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the holders of our common shares are entitled to share ratably in all assets that are legally available for distribution. The holders of our common shares have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of our common shares are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of any series of preferred shares, which may be designated solely by action of our board of directors and issued in the future.
Preferred Shares
We may issue preferred shares from time to time, in one or more series. Our board of directors will determine the rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions of the preferred shares, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences, sinking fund terms and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of such series, without any further vote or action by stockholders. Convertible preferred shares will be convertible into our common shares or exchangeable for our other securities. Conversion may be mandatory or at your option or both and would be at prescribed conversion rates. If we sell any series of preferred shares under this prospectus and applicable prospectus supplements, we will fix the rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions of the preferred shares of such series in the certificate of designation relating to that series. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of any certificate of designation that describes the terms of the series of preferred shares we are offering before the issuance of the related series of preferred shares. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement related to the series of preferred shares being offered, as well as the complete certificate of designation that contains the terms of the applicable series of preferred shares.
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Debt Securities
We may issue secured or unsecured debt securities consisting of notes, debentures or other evidences of indebtedness. The debt securities will either be senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt or subordinated debt securities. We may also issue convertible debt securities. Debt securities may be issued under an indenture (which we refer to herein as an “Indenture”), which are contracts entered into between us and a trustee to be named therein. The Indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. We may issue debt securities and incur additional indebtedness other than through the offering of debt securities pursuant to this prospectus. It is likely that convertible debt securities will not be issued under an Indenture.
The debt securities may be fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a secured or unsecured senior or subordinated basis by one or more guarantors, if any. The obligations of any guarantor under its guarantee will be limited as necessary to prevent that guarantee from constituting a fraudulent conveyance under applicable law. In the event that any series of debt securities will be subordinated to other indebtedness that we have outstanding or may incur, the terms of the subordination will be set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the subordinated debt securities.
We may issue debt securities from time to time in one or more series, in each case with the same or various maturities, at par or at a discount. Unless indicated in a prospectus supplement, we may issue additional debt securities of a particular series without the consent of the holders of the debt securities of such series outstanding at the time of the issuance. Any such additional debt securities, together with all other outstanding debt securities of that series, will constitute a single series of debt securities under the applicable Indenture and will be equal in ranking.
Each prospectus supplement will describe the terms relating to the specific series of debt securities.
Warrants
We may issue warrants for the purchase of common shares or preferred shares in one or more series. We may issue warrants independently or together with common shares or preferred shares, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from these securities. We will evidence each series of warrants by warrant certificates that we will issue under a separate agreement. We may enter into warrant agreements with a bank or trust company that we select to be our warrant agent. We will indicate the name and address of the warrant agent in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of warrants.
In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the warrants. We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement related to the particular series of warrants being offered, as well as the warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of warrant agreement or warrant certificate containing the terms of the warrants we are offering before the issuance of the warrants.
Subscription Receipts
We may issue subscription receipts, which will entitle holders to receive upon satisfaction of certain release conditions and for no additional consideration, common shares, preferred shares, warrants, debt securities or any combination thereof. Subscription receipts will be issued pursuant to one or more subscription receipt agreements, each to be entered into between us and an escrow agent, which will establish the terms and conditions of the subscription receipts. Each escrow agent will be a financial institution authorized to carry on business as a trustee. A copy of the form of subscription receipt agreement will be filed on Form 8-K with the SEC.
In the prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the subscription receipts under “Description of subscription receipts”. We urge you, however, to read any prospectus supplement related to subscription receipts being offered, as well as the complete subscription receipt agreement.
Units
We may issue units consisting of common shares, preferred shares, debt securities warrants for the purchase of common shares or preferred shares and/or subscription receipts in one or more series. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the units. We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement related to the series of units being offered, as well as the unit agreements, if any, that contain the terms of the units. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference reports that we file with the SEC, the form of unit agreement, if any, and any supplemental agreements, if any, that describe the terms of the series of units we are offering before the issuance of the related series of units.
THIS PROSPECTUS MAY NOT BE USED TO OFFER OR SELL ANY SECURITIES UNLESS ACCOMPANIED BY A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT.
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RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities involves a risk of loss. Before investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the risk factors described under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC for the most recent year, in any applicable prospectus supplement and in our filings with the SEC, including our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, together with all of the other information included in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement and the other information incorporated by reference herein and therein. These risks are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair or harm our business and financial results. Statements in or portions of a future document incorporated by reference in this prospectus, including, without limitation, those relating to risk factors, may update and supersede statements in and portions of this prospectus or such incorporated documents. Please also refer to the section entitled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Risks Related to the Securities Being Offered
There is no assurance of a sufficient liquid market for common shares in the future.
No assurance can be given that an active or liquid trading market for the common shares will be sustained. If an active or liquid market for the common shares fails to be sustained, the prices at which such common shares trade may be adversely affected. Whether or not the common shares will trade at lower prices depends on many factors, including the liquidity of the common shares, prevailing interest rates, the markets for similar securities, general economic conditions and our financial condition, historic financial performance and future prospects.
There is no market for certain of our offered securities.
There is currently no market through which the securities (other than the common shares) may be sold and purchasers may not be able to resell such securities. This may affect the pricing of such securities in the secondary market, the transparency and availability of trading prices, the liquidity of such Securities and the extent of issuer regulation.
The market price of the securities may fluctuate significantly.
The trading price of the common shares and other securities offered hereunder that become listed and posted for trading on the Nasdaq or any other stock exchange may be subject to large fluctuations. The trading prices may increase or decrease in response to a number of events and factors, including:
● | our operating performance and the performance of competitors and other similar companies; |
● | the public’s reaction to our press releases, other public announcements and our filings with the various securities regulatory authorities; |
● | changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by research analysts who track the common shares; |
● | changes in general economic conditions; |
● | changes in prevailing interest rates; |
● | changes or perceived changes in our creditworthiness; |
● | the number of common shares to be publicly traded after the completion of any offering of securities; |
● | the arrival or departure of key personnel; and |
● | acquisitions, strategic alliances or joint ventures involving us or our competitors. |
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In addition, the market price of the common shares and any other securities offered hereunder that become listed and posted for trading on the Nasdaq or any other stock exchange may be affected by many variables not directly related to our results and not within our control, including developments that affect the market for all biotechnology shares, macroeconomic developments in North America or globally, the breadth of the public market for the common shares and any other securities that become listed and posted for trading on the Nasdaq or any other stock exchange, and the attractiveness of alternative investments. In addition, securities markets have recently experienced an extreme level of price and volume volatility, and the market price of the securities of many companies has experienced wide fluctuations which have not necessarily been related to the operating performance, underlying asset values or prospects of such companies. As a result of these and other factors, our share price may be volatile in the future and may not accurately reflect our long-term value. In addition, our share price may decline below the price paid for securities offered hereunder, and investors may not be able to sell their securities at or above the price paid for such securities.
Debt securities may rank junior or be subordinated to secured or senior indebtedness and affect your right to payment.
If the debt securities are unsecured, they will rank equally in right of payment with all of our other existing and future unsecured debt. Holders of our secured indebtedness would have a claim on the assets securing such indebtedness that effectively ranks prior to the claim of holders of debt securities and would have a claim that ranks equal with the claim of holders of senior debt securities and senior to the claim of holders of subordinated debt securities to the extent that such security did not satisfy the secured indebtedness. Furthermore, although covenants given us in various agreements may restrict incurring secured indebtedness, such indebtedness may, subject to certain conditions, be incurred by us in the future.
The debt securities may be either senior or subordinated indebtedness as described in the relevant prospectus supplement. In the event of the insolvency or winding-up of our business, any subordinated debt securities would be subordinated and postponed in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all our other liabilities and indebtedness, other than indebtedness that, by its terms, ranks equally with, or subordinate to, such subordinated debt securities.
Payments on debt securities will be subject to our financial health.
The likelihood that purchasers of debt securities will receive payments owing to them under the terms of the debt securities will depend on our financial health and our creditworthiness. Our ability to satisfy our payment obligations under the debt securities, other than the conversion or payment of interest into common shares, as the case may be, will be dependent on our ability to generate cash flows or our ability to raise additional financing.
We will have broad discretion over the use of proceeds.
Our management will have broad discretion with respect to the application of net proceeds received from the sale of securities under this prospectus and any prospectus supplement and may spend such proceeds in ways that do not improve our results of operations or enhance the value of the common shares or our other securities issued and outstanding from time to time. As a result, an investor will be relying on the judgment of management for the application of the net proceeds received from the sale of securities under this prospectus and any prospectus supplement. The application of the proceeds to various items may not necessarily enhance the value of the common shares. Any failure by management to apply these funds effectively could result in financial losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business or cause the price or value of our issued and outstanding securities to decline.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus, and the documents incorporated by reference herein, contain certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, Section 21E of the Exchange Act and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and are based on management’s current expectations. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including, but not limited to, “believes,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “see,” “confidence,” “trends,” “intend,” “estimate,” “on track,” “are positioned to,” “on course,” “opportunity,” “continue,” “project,” “guidance,” “target,” “forecast,” “anticipated,” “plan,” “potential” and the negative of these terms or comparable terms.
Various factors could adversely affect our operations, business or financial results in the future and cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements, including those factors discussed under “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” or otherwise discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and in our other filings made from time to time with the SEC after the date of this prospectus.
For additional information about factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements, please see the documents that we have filed with the SEC, including our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other documents and reports filed from time to time with the SEC.
All subsequent forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We are not under any obligation to, and expressly disclaim any obligation to, update or alter any forward-looking statements whether as a result of such changes, new information, subsequent events or otherwise.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
We intend to use the net proceeds from the sales of the securities described in this prospectus as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell the securities from time to time pursuant to underwritten public offerings, direct sales to the public, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods. We may sell the securities to or through underwriters or dealers, through agents, directly to one or more purchasers, or through any combination of these methods. The distribution of the securities may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices.
We may issue securities to other companies or their security holders to acquire those companies or equity interests in those companies, or to acquire assets of those companies, through mergers or consolidations with us or any of our subsidiaries, or through the exchange of our securities for securities of the other companies, or through the exchange of assets of other companies for our securities, or through similar transactions. We may also issue securities to third parties to acquire patents or other intellectual property or licenses or similar rights to use patents or other intellectual property.
A prospectus supplement or supplements (and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including, to the extent applicable:
● | the name or names of any underwriters or dealers, if any; |
● | the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds we will receive from the sale; |
● | any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us; |
● | any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents’ or underwriters’ compensation; |
● | any public offering price; |
● | any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and |
● | any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed. |
Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement are underwriters of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement.
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By Underwriters
If underwriters are used in the sale, they will acquire the securities for their own account and may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. We may offer the securities to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed may change from time to time. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe in the prospectus supplement, naming the underwriter, the nature of any such relationship.
By Dealers
If a dealer is utilized in the sale of any securities offered by this prospectus, we will sell those securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale. We will set forth the names of the dealers and the terms of the transaction in the applicable prospectus supplement.
By Agents
We may sell securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, our agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.
By Direct Sales
We may also directly sell securities offered by this prospectus. In this case, no underwriters or agents would be involved. We will describe the terms of those sales in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Electronic Auctions
We also may make sales through the internet or through other electronic means. Since we may from time to time elect to offer securities directly to the public, with or without the involvement of agents, underwriters or dealers, utilizing the internet or other forms of electronic bidding or ordering systems for the pricing and allocation of the securities, you will want to pay particular attention to the description of that system we will provide in an applicable prospectus supplement.
The electronic system may allow bidders to directly participate, through electronic access to an auction site, by submitting conditional offers to buy that are subject to acceptance by us, and which may directly affect the price or other terms and conditions at which the securities are sold. These bidding or ordering systems may present to each bidder, on a so-called “real-time” basis, relevant information to assist in making a bid, such as the clearing spread at which the offering would be sold, based on the bids submitted, and whether a bidder’s individual bids would be accepted, prorated or rejected. Of course, many pricing methods can and may also be used.
Upon completion of the electronic auction process, securities will be allocated based on prices bid, terms of bid or other factors. The final offering price at which securities would be sold and the allocation of securities among bidders would be based in whole or in part on the results of the internet or other electronic bidding process or auction.
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General Information
Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities offered by this prospectus may be deemed underwriters under the Securities Act, and any discounts or commissions they receive from us and any profit on their resale of the securities may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act.
We may authorize agents, dealers or underwriters to solicit offers by certain types of institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus supplement.
We may provide agents and underwriters with indemnification against civil liabilities related to this offering, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Agents and underwriters may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.
Some or all of the securities we offer, other than common shares, will be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters may make a market in these securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any securities.
We may engage in at-the-market offerings into an existing trading market in accordance with Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. We may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third parties may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of shares, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of shares. The third parties in such sale transactions will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement.
One or more firms, referred to as “remarketing firms,” may also offer or sell the securities, if the prospectus supplement so indicates, in connection with a remarketing arrangement upon their purchase. Remarketing firms will act as principals for their own accounts or as agents for us. These remarketing firms will offer or sell the securities in accordance with the terms of the securities. The prospectus supplement will identify any remarketing firm and the terms of its agreement, if any, with us and will describe the remarketing firm’s compensation. Remarketing firms may be deemed to be underwriters in connection with the securities they remarket.
Any underwriter may engage in overallotment, stabilizing transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Overallotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. This short sales position may involve either “covered” short sales or “naked” short sales. Covered short sales are short sales made in an amount not greater than the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase additional securities in this offering described above. The underwriters may close out any covered short position either by exercising their over-allotment option or by purchasing securities in the open market. To determine how they will close the covered short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of securities available for purchase in the open market, as compared to the price at which they may purchase securities through the over-allotment option. Naked short sales are short sales in excess of the over-allotment option. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing securities in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that, in the open market after pricing, there may be downward pressure on the price of the securities that could adversely affect investors who purchase securities in this offering. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security for the purpose of fixing the price of the security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a covering transaction to cover short positions.
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Any underwriters who are qualified market makers on the Nasdaq may engage in passive market making transactions in our common shares, preferred shares, warrants, units and debt securities, as applicable, on the Nasdaq Capital Market in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the securities. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded.
Similar to other purchase transactions, an underwriter’s purchase to cover the syndicate short sales or to stabilize the market price of our securities may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our securities or preventing or mitigating a decline in the market price of our securities. As a result, the price of our securities may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. The imposition of a penalty bid might also have an effect on the price of the securities if it discourages resales of the securities.
Neither we nor the underwriters make any representation or prediction as to the effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of the securities. If such transactions are commenced, they may be discontinued without notice at any time.
The underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with us, or perform services for us, in the ordinary course of business for which they receive compensation.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
Our authorized capital consists of an unlimited number of common shares without par value, an unlimited number of Class A restricted voting shares (“Restricted Shares”) and an unlimited number of Class B Preferred Series A shares (“Preferred Shares”). As of August 21, 2025, there were 16,160,787 common shares issued and outstanding and 316,655 Preferred Shares issued and outstanding.
There are options outstanding to purchase up to 2,111,296 common shares at an average weighted exercise price of $5.41. There are warrants outstanding to purchase up to 3,494,962 common shares at an average weighted exercise price of $7.41. There are performance shares outstanding to purchase up to 265,642 common shares at an exercise price of $0.22. Holders of common shares are entitled to one vote per Common Share at all meetings of shareholders, to receive dividends as and when declared by our board of directors and to receive a pro rata share of our available for distribution to the shareholders in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our business. There are no pre-emptive, conversion or redemption rights attached to the common shares.
Holders of common shares do not have cumulative voting rights. Therefore, holders of a majority of the common shares voting for the election of directors can elect all of the directors. Holders of the common shares representing 331/3% the voting power of the capital stock issued, outstanding and entitled to vote, represented in person or by proxy, are necessary to constitute a quorum at any meeting of holders of common shares. A vote by two-thirds of the votes cast on a resolution are required to effectuate certain special resolutions at our annual general meeting. There are no provisions for sinking or purchase funds, for permitting or restricting the issuance of additional securities and any other material restrictions, and for requiring a holder of common shares to contribute additional capital.
Class A Restricted Voting Shares
We issued Restricted Shares to certain holders of common shares of Alpha Canada who are resident in the United States in connection with our Business Combination to allow us to maintain our status as a Foreign Private Issuer. As of January 1, 2023, we no longer qualify as a Foreign Private Issuer. On August 29, 2023, we converted all 280,000 outstanding Restricted Shares to common shares by resolution of the Board. There are currently no Restricted Shares issued and outstanding. The class of Restricted Shares differs from the common shares in that they do not entitle the holder to exercise voting rights in respect of our election of directors.
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The Restricted Shares include the following restrictions, conditions and limitations:
1) | The holders of the Restricted Shares are entitled to receive notice of and attend all meetings of our shareholders and are entitled to vote at meetings of the holders of common shares, except those holders of Restricted Shares are not entitled to vote for the election or removal of our directors. |
2) | The holders of Restricted Shares are entitled to receive dividends as and when declared by the Board, provided that no dividend may be declared or paid in respect of Restricted Shares unless concurrently therewith the same dividend is declared or paid on the common shares. |
3) | The holders of Restricted Shares are entitled, in the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, whether voluntary or involuntary, or any other distribution of our assets among our shareholders for the purpose of winding up our affairs, to share ratably, together with the holders of the common shares, in such assets as are available for distribution. |
4) | Restricted Shares may only be transferred pursuant to an offer to purchase Restricted Shares made to all of the holders of the Restricted Shares. |
5) | If an offer is made to purchase all or substantially all of the common shares, each Restricted Share shall be deemed converted into one Common Share concurrent with closing of the offer. |
Each Restricted Share may be convertible into one Common Share at the option of the holder of the Restricted Share at any time: (i) if we enter into a binding agreement that would result in a change of control; or (ii) if a meeting of shareholders is called to elect directors who are not our nominees or management or if a meeting of shareholders is called at which a contested election of directors will be considered.
Class B Preferred Series A Shares
The Class B Preferred Series A Shares were issued to certain founders of Alpha Canada in connection with our Business Combination.
The Class B Preferred Series A Shares include the following restrictions, conditions and limitations:
(1) | The Class B Preferred Series A Shares have a deemed issue price of $6.25 (“Deemed Issue Price”). |
(2) | The holders of the Class B Preferred Series A Shares will be entitled to receive notice of and attend all meetings of our shareholders and will be entitled to vote at meetings of the holders of common shares. The holders of Class B Preferred Series A Shares will vote together with holders of common shares and Restricted Shares as a single class. |
(3) | The holders of Class B Preferred Series A Shares will be entitled to receive dividends as and when declared by the Board. The Class B Preferred Series A Shares rank in priority to the common shares and Restricted Shares for payment of dividends. Dividends on the Class B Preferred Series A Shares are non-cumulative. If the holders of the Class B Preferred Series A Shares receive dividends in an aggregate amount equal to or greater than the Deemed Issue Price, the Class B Preferred Series A Shares shall be automatically converted to common shares. |
(4) | In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the business, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of the Class B Preferred Series A Shares shall be entitled to receive out of the assets and funds of the business, prior and in preference to any distribution of any our assets or funds to the holders of the common shares and Restricted Shares, an amount per Preferred Share equal to two times the Deemed Issue Price of the Class B Preferred Series A Shares (as appropriately adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations or splits) plus all accrued or declared but unpaid dividends on such Class B Preferred Series A Shares (the “Liquidation Preference”). After payment in full of the Liquidation Preference has been made to the holders of the Class B Preferred Series A Shares, all our remaining assets and funds legally available for distribution shall be distributed ratably among the holders of the Class B Preferred Series A Shares, common shares and Restricted Shares. Upon payment of the Liquidation Preference, each Class B Preferred Series A Shares will convert into one Common Share. |
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(5) | Each Class B Preferred Series A Shares shall, at the option of the holder, be convertible into common shares at the rate of one Common Share for each Preferred Share. All of the Class B Preferred Series A Shares will be automatically converted to common shares if any of the following events occur: |
(a) | upon the completion of an initial public offering, or a reverse take-over with a qualifying secondary offering, pursuant to which the common shares are listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, NYSE Amex, the NASDAQ National Market or SmallCap Quotation System or a successor to any of the foregoing, raising at least $40 million, and a price per share which values our business at $160 million or more, prior to listing; |
(b) | a third party makes a bona fide offer to acquire 100% of the common shares, or execute a merger or amalgamation in which effective control of our business is transferred, and such offer has been approved by our Board and our shareholders, such that shareholders receive proceeds from the transaction of at least $160 million in the form of shares or cash or a combination of both; |
(c) | a third party makes a bona fide offer to acquire all or substantially all of our assets, for sale proceeds of at least $180 million and such offer has been approved by the Board and our shareholders, and provided that the shareholders on closing receive proceeds from the transaction by way of dividend and return of capital or otherwise of at least $160 million; or |
(d) | a third party makes a bona fide offer to acquire certain specific asset(s), for sale proceeds of at least $180 million, and provided that the provision of subsection (c) is not triggered, and such offer has been approved by the Board and provided that the shareholders on closing receive proceeds from the transaction by way of dividend, return of capital or otherwise of at least $160 million, |
If the Class B Preferred Series A Shares are subject to automatic conversion as a result of the occurrence of one of the above events, prior to such conversion they shall be entitled to receive a dividend per Preferred Share equal to the Deemed Issue Price.
Warrants
On September 24, 2024, we sold warrants to purchase 430,805 of our common shares at an exercise price of $10.55 per share for a five-year term. Each buyer of convertible notes received warrants sufficient to purchase such number of common shares equal to the principal amount of convertible notes such buyer purchased divided by then effective conversion price of the convertible notes.
Buyers received an additional 215,421 warrants with identical terms upon the closing of our public offering on November 13, 2024.
The exercise price of the warrants was automatically amended to $7.19 per share upon the closing of our public offering on November 13, 2024.
Listing
Our common shares are listed on the Nasdaq under the symbol “ACOG.”
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common shares is Computershare Investor Services Inc. with its principal office at 510 Burrard Street, 3rd Floor, Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 3B9.
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Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table provides details of compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance as of December 31, 2023. A description of the significant terms of each of our equity compensation plans of follows the table below:
The following table provides details of compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance as of December 31, 2024. A description of the significant terms of each of our equity compensation plans follows the table below:
Plan Category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a) | Weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights(1) (b) | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c) | |||||||||
Equity compensation plans approved by securityholders(2)(3)(4)(5) | 1,064,574 | $ | 3.50 | 2,202,714 | ||||||||
Equity compensation plans not approved by securityholders | — | $ | — | — | ||||||||
Total | 1,064,574 | $ | 3.50 | 2,202,714 |
Notes: |
(1) | The exercise price for some options and Performance Shares is expressed in United States dollars. |
(2) | The total number of securities which may be issued under the 2023 Plan is, at any time, 20% of our issued and outstanding common shares and Restricted Shares at such time. As of December 31, 2024, we have a total of 4,728,359 common shares and no Restricted Shares issued and outstanding. |
(3) | 171,332 shares are issued and remain outstanding under the 2022 Stock Option Plan, at an average exercise price of $4.96 per share. |
(4) | 627,600 shares are issued and remain outstanding under the 2023 Stock Option Plan, at an average exercise price of $4.25 per share. |
(5) | 265,642 Performance Shares are issued and remain outstanding at an exercise price of $0.25 per share. These Performance Shares were issued pursuant to the Legacy Compensation Plan (as defined below). |
(3) | 171,332 shares are issued and remain outstanding under the 2022 Stock Option Plan, at an average exercise price of $4.96 per share. |
(4) | 627,600 shares are issued and remain outstanding under the 2023 Stock Option Plan, at an average exercise price of $4.25 per share. |
(5) | 265,642 Performance Shares are issued and remain outstanding at an exercise price of $0.25 per share. These Performance Shares were issued pursuant to the Legacy Compensation Plan (as defined below). |
Stock option plans and other incentive plans
On June 19, 2025, our stockholders approved and adopted our 2025 Stock and Incentive Plan (the “New Incentive Plan”). The purpose of the New Incentive Plan is to promote our interests and our Shareholders by aiding us in attracting and retaining employees, officers, consultants, advisors, and non-employee directors capable of assuring our future success, to offer such persons incentives to put forth maximum efforts for our business success and to compensate such persons through stock-based awards and provide them with opportunities for stock ownership in our business, thereby aligning the interests of such persons with the Shareholders.
The New Incentive Plan authorizes the compensation committee of the Board or such other committee designated by the Board to administer the New Incentive Plan to provide equity based compensation in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalents, or other stock-based awards.
With the adoption of the New Incentive Plan, there will no longer be any grants under our existing 2022 Option Plan and 2023 Stock Option Plan, though existing grants under the prior plans will remain in effect in accordance with the terms of the applicable plan.
Exchange Controls
There are no governmental laws, decrees or regulations in Canada that restrict the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls, or that affect the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to non-resident holders of the securities of Alpha Cognition, other than Canadian withholding tax. See “Material Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations” below.
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DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED SHARES
Our board of directors is authorized, subject to any limitations prescribed by law, without further vote or action by the stockholders, to issue from time to time preferred shares in one or more series. Each such series of preferred shares shall have such number of shares, designations, preferences, voting powers, qualifications, and special or relative rights or privileges as shall be determined by the board of directors, which may include, among others, dividend rights, voting rights, liquidation preferences, conversion rights and preemptive rights. Issuance of preferred shares by our board of directors may result in such shares having dividend and/or liquidation preferences senior to the rights of the holders of our common shares and could dilute the voting rights of the holders of our common shares.
We will fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of the preferred shares of each series in the certificate of designation relating to that series. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, the form of any certificate of designation that describes the terms of the series of preferred shares we are offering before the issuance of the related series of preferred shares. This description will include any or all of the following, as required:
● | the title and stated value; |
● | the number of shares we are offering; |
● | the liquidation preference per share; |
● | the purchase price; |
● | the dividend rate, period and payment date and method of calculation for dividends; |
● | whether dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends will accumulate; |
● | any contractual limitations on our ability to declare, set aside or pay any dividends; |
● | the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any; |
● | the provisions for a sinking fund, if any; |
● | the provisions for redemption or repurchase, if applicable, and any restrictions on our ability to exercise those redemption and repurchase rights; |
● | any listing of the preferred shares on any securities exchange or market; |
● | whether the preferred shares will be convertible into our common shares, and, if applicable, the conversion price, or how it will be calculated, and the conversion period; |
● | whether the preferred shares will be exchangeable into debt securities, and, if applicable, the exchange price, or how it will be calculated, and the exchange period; |
● | voting rights, if any, of the preferred shares; |
● | preemptive rights, if any; |
● | restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any; |
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● | a discussion of any material or special United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred shares; |
● | the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred shares as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs; |
● | any limitations on issuance of any class or series of preferred shares ranking senior to or on a parity with the series of preferred shares as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs; and |
● | any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the preferred shares. |
If we issue preferred shares under this prospectus, after receipt of payment therefor, the shares will be fully paid and non-assessable.
Our board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred shares with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our common shares. Preferred shares could be issued quickly with terms designed to delay or prevent a change in control of our business or make removal of management more difficult. Additionally, the issuance of preferred shares could have the effect of decreasing the market price of our common shares.
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
The debt securities may be issued in one or more series under an indenture (the “Indenture”) to be entered into between us and one or more trustees (the “Trustee”) that will be named in a prospectus supplement for a series of debt securities. To the extent applicable, the Indenture will be subject to and governed by the United States Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. A copy of the form of the Indenture to be entered into has been or will be filed with the SEC as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and will be filed with the securities commissions or similar authorities in Canada when it is entered into. We may issue debt securities, separately or together, with common shares, warrants, subscription receipts, units or any combination thereof, as the case may be.
The description of certain provisions of the Indenture in this section do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, the provisions of the Indenture. The following sets forth certain general terms and provisions of the debt securities. The particular terms and provisions of a series of deft securities offered pursuant to this prospectus will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, and the extent to which the general terms and provisions described below may apply to such debt securities will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. This description may include, but may not be limited to, any of the following, if applicable:
● | the title of the debt securities; |
● | any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities |
● | the date or dates, if any, on which the debt securities will mature and the portion (if less than all of the principal amount) of the debt securities to be payable upon declaration of acceleration of maturity; |
● | the rate or rates (whether fixed or variable) at which the debt securities will bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which any such interest will accrue and on which any such interest will be payable and the record dates for any interest payable on the debt securities; |
● | the terms and conditions under which we may be obligated to redeem, repay or purchase the debt securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or otherwise; |
● | the terms and conditions upon which we may redeem the debt securities, in whole or in part, at our option; |
● | the covenants applicable to the debt securities; |
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● | the terms and conditions for any conversion or exchange of the debt securities for any other securities; |
● | the extent and manner, if any, to which payment on or in respect of the debt securities of the series will be senior or will be subordinated to the prior payment of our other liabilities and obligations; |
● | whether the debt securities will be secured or unsecured; |
● | whether the debt securities will be issuable in the form of global securities (“Global Securities”), and, if so, the identity of the depositary for such Global Securities; |
● | the denominations in which debt securities will be issuable, if other than denominations of US$1,000 or integral multiples of US$1,000; |
● | each office or agency where payments on the debt securities will be made and each office or agency where the debt securities may be presented for registration of transfer or exchange; |
● | if other than United States dollars, the currency in which the debt securities are denominated or the currency in which we will make payments on the debt securities; |
● | any index, formula or other method used to determine the amount of payments of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the debt securities; and |
● | any other terms, conditions, rights or preferences of the debt securities which apply solely to the debt securities. |
If we denominate the purchase price of any of the debt securities in a currency or currencies other than United States dollars or a non-United States dollar unit or units, or if the principal of and any premium and interest on any debt securities is payable in a currency or currencies other than United States dollars or a non-United States dollar unit or units, we will provide investors with information on the restrictions, elections, general tax considerations, specific terms and other information with respect to that issue of debt securities and such non-United States dollar currency or currencies or non-United States dollar unit or units in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Each series of debt securities may be issued at various times with different maturity dates, may bear interest at different rates and may otherwise vary.
The terms on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for common shares or other Securities will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. These terms may include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option, and may include provisions pursuant to which the number of common shares or other Securities to be received by the holders of such series of debt securities would be subject to adjustment.
This prospectus does not qualify for issuance debt securities, or securities convertible or exchangeable into debt securities, in respect of which the payment of principal and/or interest may be determined, in whole or in part, by reference to one or more underlying interests including, for example, an equity or debt security, a statistical measure of economic or financial performance including, without limitation, any currency, consumer price or mortgage index, or the price or value of one or more commodities, indices or other items, or any other item or formula, or any combination or basket of the foregoing items or any other “novel specified derivative” as defined in NI 44-102.
To the extent any debt securities are convertible into common shares or other securities, prior to such conversion the holders of such debt securities will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities into which the debt securities are convertible, including the right to receive payments of dividends or the right to vote such underlying securities.
We may, from time to time, issue debt securities and incur additional indebtedness other than through the issue of debt securities pursuant to this prospectus.
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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
We may issue warrants for the purchase of our common shares, preferred shares or debt securities. We may issue warrants independently or together with other securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from any offered securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and the investors or a warrant agent. The following summary of material provisions of the warrants and warrant agreements are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the warrant agreement and warrant certificate applicable to a particular series of warrants. The terms of any warrants offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, as well as the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, the form of any warrant that describes the terms of the warrants we are offering.
The particular terms of any issue of warrants will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to the issue. Those terms may include:
● | the number of common shares or preferred shares purchasable upon the exercise of warrants to purchase such shares and the price at which such number of shares may be purchased upon such exercise; |
● | the designation, stated value and terms (including, without limitation, liquidation, dividend, conversion and voting rights) of the series of preferred shares purchasable upon exercise of warrants to purchase preferred shares; |
● | the principal amount of debt securities that may be purchased upon exercise of a debt warrant and the exercise price for the warrants, which may be payable in cash, securities or other property; |
● | the date, if any, on and after which the warrants and the related debt securities, preferred shares or common shares will be separately transferable; |
● | the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants; |
● | the date on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and the date on which the right will expire; |
● | United States Federal income tax consequences applicable to the warrants; and |
● | any additional terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures, and limitations relating to the exchange, exercise and settlement of the warrants. |
Holders of equity warrants will not be entitled:
● | to vote, consent or receive dividends; |
● | receive notice as stockholders with respect to any meeting of stockholders for the election of our directors or any other matter; or |
● | exercise any rights as stockholders. |
Each warrant will entitle our holder to purchase the principal amount of debt securities or the number of preferred shares or common shares at the exercise price set forth in, or calculable as set forth in, the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.
A holder of warrant certificates may exchange them for new warrant certificates of different denominations, present them for registration of transfer and exercise them at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement. Until any warrants to purchase debt securities are exercised, the holder of the warrants will not have any rights of holders of the debt securities that can be purchased upon exercise, including any rights to receive payments of principal, premium or interest on the underlying debt securities or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture. Until any warrants to purchase common shares or preferred shares are exercised, the holders of the warrants will not have any rights of holders of the underlying common shares or preferred shares, including any rights to receive dividends or payments upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up on the common shares or preferred shares, if any.
19
DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS
We may issue subscription receipts, which will entitle holders to receive upon satisfaction of certain release conditions and for no additional consideration, common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants or a combination thereof. Subscription receipts will be issued pursuant to one or more subscription receipt agreements (each, a “Subscription Receipt Agreement”), each to be entered into between us and an escrow agent (the “Escrow Agent”), which will establish the terms and conditions of the subscription receipts. Each Escrow Agent will be a financial institution organized under the laws of Canada or a province thereof or in the United States, as may be permitted by law, and authorized to carry on business as a trustee. In the United States, we will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, any Subscription Receipt Agreement describing the terms and conditions of subscription receipts we are offering before the issuance of such subscription receipts.
The following description sets forth certain general terms and provisions of subscription receipts and is not intended to be complete. The statements made in this prospectus relating to any Subscription Receipt Agreement and subscription receipts to be issued thereunder are summaries of certain anticipated provisions thereof and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, all provisions of the applicable Subscription Receipt Agreement and the prospectus supplement describing such Subscription Receipt Agreement. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement related to the particular subscription receipts that we sell under this prospectus, as well as the complete Subscription Receipt Agreement.
The prospectus supplement relating to any subscription receipts we offer will describe the subscription receipts and include specific terms relating to their offering. All such terms will comply with the requirements of applicable securities exchanges relating to subscription receipts. If underwriters or agents are used in the sale of subscription receipts, one or more of such underwriters or agents may also be parties to the Subscription Receipt Agreement governing the subscription receipts sold to or through such underwriters or agents.
General
The prospectus supplement and the Subscription Receipt Agreement for any subscription receipts we offer will describe the specific terms of the subscription receipts and may include, but are not limited to, any of the following:
● | the designation and aggregate number of subscription receipts offered; |
● | the price at which the subscription receipts will be offered; |
● | the currency or currencies in which the subscription receipts will be offered; |
● | the designation, number and terms of the common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants or combination thereof to be received by holders of subscription receipts upon satisfaction of the release conditions, and the procedures that will result in the adjustment of those numbers; |
● | the conditions (the “Release Conditions”) that must be met in order for holders of subscription receipts to receive for no additional consideration common shares, Warrants or a combination thereof; |
20
● | the procedures for the issuance and delivery of common shares, preferred shares, warrants or a combination thereof to holders of subscription receipts upon satisfaction of the Release Conditions; |
● | whether any payments will be made to holders of subscription receipts upon delivery of the common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants or a combination thereof upon satisfaction of the Release Conditions (e.g., an amount equal to dividends declared on our common shares by us to holders of record during the period from the date of issuance of the subscription receipts to the date of issuance of any common shares pursuant to the terms of the Subscription Receipt Agreement); |
● | the terms and conditions under which the Escrow Agent will hold all or a portion of the gross proceeds from the sale of subscription receipts, together with interest and income earned thereon (collectively, the “Escrowed Funds”), pending satisfaction of the Release Conditions; |
● | the terms and conditions pursuant to which the Escrow Agent will hold common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants or a combination thereof pending satisfaction of the Release Conditions; |
● | the terms and conditions under which the Escrow Agent will release all or a portion of the Escrowed Funds to us upon satisfaction of the Release Conditions; |
● | if the subscription receipts are sold to or through underwriters or agents, the terms and conditions under which the Escrow Agent will release a portion of the Escrowed Funds to such underwriters or agents in payment of all or a portion of their fees or commission in connection with the sale of the subscription receipts; |
● | procedures for the refund by the Escrow Agent to holders of subscription receipts of all or a portion of the subscription price for their subscription receipts, plus any pro rata entitlement to interest earned or income generated on such amount, if the Release Conditions are not satisfied; |
● | any contractual right of rescission to be granted to initial purchasers of subscription receipts in the event this prospectus, the prospectus supplement under which subscription receipts are issued or any amendment hereto or thereto contains a misrepresentation; |
● | our entitlement to purchase the subscription receipts in the open market by private agreement or otherwise; |
● | whether we will issue the subscription receipts as global securities and, if so, the identity of the depositary for the global securities; |
● | whether we will issue the subscription receipts as bearer securities, registered securities or both; |
● | provisions as to modification, amendment or variation of the Subscription Receipt Agreement or any rights or terms attaching to the subscription receipts; |
● | the identity of the Escrow Agent; |
● | whether the subscription receipts will be listed on any exchange; |
● | material United States and Canadian federal tax consequences of owning the subscription receipts; and |
● | any other terms of the subscription receipts. |
The holders of subscription receipts will not be our shareholders. Holders of subscription receipts are entitled only to receive common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants or a combination thereof on exchange of their subscription receipts, plus any cash payments provided for under the Subscription Receipt Agreement, if the Release Conditions are satisfied. If the Release Conditions are not satisfied, the holders of subscription receipts shall be entitled to a refund of all or a portion of the subscription price therefor and all or a portion of the pro rata share of interest earned or income generated thereon, as provided in the Subscription Receipt Agreement.
Escrow
The Escrowed Funds will be held in escrow by the Escrow Agent, and such Escrowed Funds will be released to us (and, if the subscription receipts are sold to or through underwriters or agents, a portion of the Escrowed Funds may be released to such underwriters or agents in payment of all or a portion of their fees in connection with the sale of the subscription receipts) at the time and under the terms specified by the Subscription Receipt Agreement. If the Release Conditions are not satisfied, holders of subscription receipts will receive a refund of all or a portion of the subscription price for their subscription receipts plus their pro rata entitlement to interest earned or income generated on such amount, in accordance with the terms of the Subscription Receipt Agreement. common shares or Warrants may be held in escrow by the Escrow Agent, and will be released to the holders of subscription receipts following satisfaction of the Release Conditions at the time and under the terms specified in the Subscription Receipt Agreement.
21
Anti-Dilution
The Subscription Receipt Agreement will specify that upon the subdivision, consolidation, reclassification or other material change of the common shares or Warrants or any other reorganization, amalgamation, merger or sale of all or substantially all of our assets, the subscription receipts will thereafter evidence the right of the holder to receive the securities, property or cash deliverable in exchange for, or on the conversion of, or in respect of, the common shares, preferred shares, debt securities or warrants to which the holder of a common share, preferred share, debt security or warrant would have been entitled immediately after such event. Similarly, any distribution to all or substantially all of the holders of common shares of rights, options, warrants, evidences of indebtedness or assets will result in an adjustment in the number of common shares to be issued to holders of subscription receipts whose subscription receipts entitle the holders thereof to receive common shares. Alternatively, such securities, evidences of indebtedness or assets may, at our option, be issued to the Escrow Agent and delivered to holders of subscription receipts on exercise thereof. The Subscription Receipt Agreement will also provide that if our other actions affect the common shares or Warrants, which, in the reasonable opinion of our directors, would materially affect the rights of the holders of subscription receipts and/or the rights attached to the subscription receipts, the number of common shares or Warrants which are to be received pursuant to the subscription receipts shall be adjusted in such manner, if any, and at such time as our directors may in their discretion reasonably determine to be equitable to the holders of subscription receipts in such circumstances.
Rescission
The Subscription Receipt Agreement will also provide that any misrepresentation in this prospectus, the prospectus supplement under which the subscription receipts are offered, or any amendment thereto, will entitle each initial purchaser of subscription receipts to a contractual right of rescission following the issuance of the common shares or Warrants to such purchaser entitling such purchaser to receive the amount paid for the subscription receipts upon surrender of the common shares or Warrants, provided that such remedy for rescission is exercised in the time stipulated in the Subscription Receipt Agreement. This right of rescission does not extend to holders of subscription receipts who acquire such subscription receipts from an initial purchaser, on the open market or otherwise, or to initial purchasers who acquire subscription receipts in the United States.
Global Securities
We may issue subscription receipts in whole or in part in the form of one or more global securities, which will be registered in the name of and be deposited with a depositary, or its nominee, each of which will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement. The global securities may be in temporary or permanent form. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any depositary arrangement and the rights and limitations of owners of beneficial interests in any global security. The applicable prospectus supplement also will describe the exchange, registration and transfer rights relating to any global security.
Modifications
The Subscription Receipt Agreement will provide for modifications and alterations to the subscription receipts issued thereunder by way of a resolution of holders of subscription receipts at a meeting of such holders or a consent in writing from such holders. The number of holders of Subscriptions Receipts required to pass such a resolution or execute such a written consent will be specified in the Subscription Receipt Agreement.
We may amend the Subscription Receipt Agreement, without the consent of the holders of the subscription receipts, to cure any ambiguity, to cure, correct or supplement any defective or inconsistent provision, or in any other manner that will not materially and adversely affect the interests of holders of outstanding subscription receipts.
22
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS
We may issue units consisting of any combination of the other types of securities offered under this prospectus in one or more series. We may evidence each series of units by unit certificates that we will issue under a separate agreement. We may enter into unit agreements with a unit agent. Each unit agent will be a bank or trust company that we select. We will indicate the name and address of the unit agent in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of units.
The following description, together with the additional information included in any applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the general features of the units that we may offer under this prospectus. You should read any prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you related to the series of units being offered, as well as the complete unit agreements that contain the terms of the units. Specific unit agreements will contain additional important terms and provisions and we will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from another report that we file with the SEC, the form of each unit agreement relating to units offered under this prospectus.
If we offer any units, certain terms of that series of units will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including, without limitation, the following, as applicable:
● | the title of the series of units; |
● | identification and description of the separate constituent securities comprising the units; |
● | the price or prices at which the units will be issued; |
● | the date, if any, on and after which the constituent securities comprising the units will be separately transferable; |
● | a discussion of certain United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the units; and |
● | any other terms of the units and their constituent securities. |
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the issuance of the common shares offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Morton Law LLP and Dorsey & Whitney LLP.
EXPERTS
Our financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 incorporated by reference in this prospectus have been audited by Manning Elliott LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report incorporated herein by reference.
23
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
In this prospectus, we “incorporate by reference” certain information that we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to that information. The information we incorporate by reference is an important part of this prospectus, and later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. The following documents or information have been filed by us with the SEC and are incorporated by reference into this prospectus (other than, in each case, documents or information that are or are deemed to have been furnished rather than filed in accordance with SEC rules, including disclosure furnished under Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K):
● | our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025; |
● | our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on May 15, 2025; |
● | our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, filed with the SEC on August 14, 2025; |
● | our Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, in connection with our June 19, 2025 annual general meeting of shareholders, including the information specifically incorporated by reference into our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025; |
● our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025, April 10, 2025 and June 23, 2025; and
● | the description of our common shares contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A filed on November 8, 2024, including any amendments or reports filed for the purposes of updating this description |
All documents and reports that we file with the SEC (other than, in each case, documents or information that are or are deemed to have been furnished rather than filed in accordance with SEC rules) under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to in this prospectus as the “Exchange Act,” from the date of this prospectus until the completion of the offering under this prospectus shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus. We also hereby specifically incorporate by reference all filings filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of the initial registration statement on Form S-3 to which this prospectus relates and prior to effectiveness of such registration statement. Unless specifically stated to the contrary, none of the information we disclose under Items 2.02 or 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K that we may from time to time furnish to the SEC will be incorporated by reference into, or otherwise included in, this prospectus. The information contained on or accessible through any websites, including www.alphacognition.com, is not and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
You may request a copy of these filings, other than an exhibit to these filings unless we have specifically included or incorporated that exhibit by reference into the filing, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address:
Alpha Cognition Inc.
1452 Hughes Rd., Ste 200
Grapevine, Texas, 76051
(858) 344-4375
Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement, or any other subsequently filed document that is deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus modifies or supersedes the statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may obtain such SEC filings from the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of our periodic and current reports and proxy statements, may be obtained, free of charge, on our website at www.alphacognition.com. This reference to our internet address is for informational purposes only and the information contained on or accessible through such internet address is not and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
As permitted by SEC rules, this prospectus does not contain all of the information we have included in the registration statement and the accompanying exhibits and schedules we file with the SEC. You may refer to the registration statement, exhibits and schedules for more information about us and the securities. The registration statement, exhibits and schedules are available through the SEC’s website or at our public reference room.
24
Alpha Cognition Inc.
$250,000,000
Common Shares
Preferred Shares
Debt Securities
Warrants
Subscription Receipts
Units
PROSPECTUS
August , 2025
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where such offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED AUGUST 22, 2025
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
$75,000,000
Common Shares
Alpha Cognition Inc. (the “Company”, “Alpha Cognition”, “we”, “us”, and “our”) has entered in an At The Market Offering Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“Wainwright” or the “Sales Agent”) relating to our common shares, no par value, that may offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.
In accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, from time to time we may offer and sell shares of our common shares through Wainwright acting as sales agent or principal. Pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, from time to time we may offer and sell shares of our common share having an aggregate offering price of up to $75,000,000.
Sales of shares of our common shares, if any, under this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus may be made in sales deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), including sales made directly on or through the Nasdaq Capital Market, the existing trading market for our common shares, or any other existing trading market in the United States for our common shares, sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange or otherwise, directly to Wainwright as principal, in negotiated transactions at market prices prevailing at the time of sale or at prices related to such prevailing market prices, and/or in any other method permitted by law. Subject to terms of the Sales Agreement, the Sales Agent is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amounts of securities but will act as a sales agent using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, on mutually agreed terms between the Sales Agent and us. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in any escrow, trust or similar arrangement.
The Sales Agent will be entitled to compensation under the terms of the Sales Agreement at a commission rate of up to 3.0% of the gross sales price per share sold. In connection with the sale of shares of our common shares on our behalf, the Sales Agent will be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation of the Sales Agent will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have also agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to the Sales Agent against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. See the section titled “Plan of Distribution” on page S-11 of this prospectus supplement. This offering pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus will terminate upon the earlier of (a) the sale of shares of our common shares pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, or (b) the termination by us or the Sales Agent of the Sales Agreement pursuant to its terms.
On August 21, 2025, the last reported sale price of our common shares on the Nasdaq was $8.26.
We are an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company” under applicable Securities and Exchange Commission rules and, as such, have elected to comply with certain reduced public company disclosure requirements for this prospectus supplement and future filings. See the section of this prospectus supplement entitled “prospectus supplement Summary—Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company” and “prospectus supplement Summary—Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company.”
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties referenced under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-6 of this prospectus supplement and under similar headings in the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
H.C. Wainwright & Co.
The date of this prospectus supplement is , 2025.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS | S-ii | |
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY | S-1 | |
RISK FACTORS | S-6 | |
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS | S-8 | |
USE OF PROCEEDS | S-9 | |
DILUTION | S-9 | |
DIVIDEND POLICY | S-10 | |
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES DISTRIBUTED | S-10 | |
MARKET FOR COMMON SHARES | S-10 | |
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION | S-11 | |
CERTAIN CANADIAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS FOR U.S. RESIDENTS | S-12 | |
CERTAIN MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS | S-13 | |
LEGAL MATTERS | S-21 | |
EXPERTS | S-21 | |
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE | S-21 | |
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION | S-22 |
S-i
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This document is in two parts. The first part is this prospectus supplement, which describes the specific terms of the offering and common shares and the method of distribution of the common shares. The second part is the accompanying prospectus, which gives more general information, some of which may not apply to the common shares. Both documents contain important information you should consider when making your investment decision. This prospectus supplement is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the prospectus solely for the purpose of the offering. If information in this prospectus supplement is inconsistent with the prospectus or the information incorporated by reference in the prospectus, you should rely on this prospectus supplement. You should read both this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, together with the additional information about us to which we refer you in the sections of this prospectus supplement titled “Where You Can Find Additional Information” and “Incorporation by Reference”.
You should rely only on the information provided in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein. In addition, this prospectus supplement contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed or will be filed and incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement forms a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the headings “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation by Reference.” Information contained in later-dated documents incorporated by reference will automatically supplement, modify or supersede, as applicable, the information contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus or in earlier-dated documents incorporated by reference.
Except as other indicated, references in this prospectus supplement to the “Company”, “Alpha Cognition”, “we”, “us”, and “our” refer to Alpha Cognition Inc.
S-ii
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY
This summary highlights information contained in other parts of this prospectus supplement and in the documents we incorporate by reference. Because it is only a summary, it does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our common shares and it is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information appearing elsewhere or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement. You should read all such documents carefully, especially the risk factors and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, before deciding to buy shares of our common shares.
Overview
We are a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to developing treatments for patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (“Alzheimer’s disease” or “AD”), for which there are limited or no treatment options. We focus on the development of commercial manufacturing and commercial sales of ZUNVEYL oral tablet formulation. Our commercial development program for ZUNVEYL is primarily focused on building a long-term care commercial team that can focus on providing key points of differentiation, exploiting key issues with existing AChEI treatments, and franchising potential additional indications and new products.
We launched ZUNVEYL on March 17, 2025 and will target the largest volume nursing homes specializing in Alzheimer’s Disease, leveraging an account-based sales team with demonstrated success in LTC, positioning ZUNVEYL with Medicare payors, and developing strategic and clinical partnerships with consultant pharmacists and long-term care pharmacies. We have set the Wholesale Acquisition Cost (WAC) for our latest therapeutic product at $749 per month. This pricing reflects our commitment to balancing patient access with the value of innovative healthcare solutions. By establishing a competitive WAC price, we aim to enhance affordability and ensure patients can benefit from our advanced treatment options. Patients’ out-of-pocket cost for treatment with ZUNVEYL will depend on their length of treatment and their insurance. We have three additional pre-clinical development programs: ZUNVEYL in combination with memantine for the treatment of moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease, ALPHA-1062 sublingual formulation, ALPHA-1062 intranasal (“ALPHA-1062IN”) formulation for the treatment of cognitive impairment with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI; otherwise known as concussion) and ALPHA-0602, ALPHA-0702 & ALPHA-0802, also referred to as ‘Progranulin’ and ‘Progranulin GEM’s’, for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, otherwise known as ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
ZUNVEYL, is a patented new innovative product being developed as a next generation acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, with expected minimal gastrointestinal side effects. ZUNVEYL’s active metabolite is differentiated from donepezil and rivastigmine in that it binds neuronal nicotinic receptors, most notably the alpha-7 subtype, which is known to have a positive effect on cognition. ZUNVEYL is in pre-clinical development in combination with memantine to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease, in pre-clinical development with sublingual formulation for patients suffering from dysphagia, and ALPHA-1062IN is intended to be out-licensed for pre-clinical development to study an intranasal formulation for cognitive impairment with mTBI.
Our other pre-clinical stage assets include ALPHA-0602, ALPHA-0702 & ALPHA-0802 (Progranulin and Progranulin GEM’s), which are expressed in several cell types in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues, promotes cell survival, regulates certain inflammatory processes, and play a significant role in regulating lysosomal function and microglial responses to disease. Our intended use for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has been patented by us and ALPHA-0602 has been granted an Orphan Drug Designation for the treatment of ALS by the FDA. Orphan Drug Designation was provided for ALPHA-0602 by the Office of Orphan Drug Products, FDA on February 2020 based on the Federal Food Drug, and Cosmetic Act, whereby the ALPHA-0602 met the criteria designated in Section 526 of such Act. For a further description see the section entitled “Business - Government Regulation - Orphan Drug Designation”. The Orphan Drug Designation allows for exclusivity provisions provided the drug is approved first for indication: treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALPHA-0702 and ALPHA-0802 are Granulin Epithelin Motifs, (“GEMs”), derived from full length progranulin which have therapeutic potential across multiple neurodegenerative diseases. GEMs have been shown to be important in regulating cell growth, survival, repair, and inflammation. ALPHA-0702 and ALPHA-0802 are designed to deliver this with potentially lower toxicity, and greater therapeutic effect. As the assets are pre-clinical assets and do not add material value to our business, we will not develop these assets further and instead will seek to out-license the assets to interested third parties. Given the early stage of discussion with third parties, we cannot assess value to a license agreement.
S-1
We are the parent company of Alpha Cognition Canada Inc. (“Alpha Canada” or “ACI Canada”) which is the parent company of Alpha Cognition USA Inc. (“ACI USA”). As of May 1, 2023, our common shares commenced trading on the CSE under the symbol “ACOG”, previously our shares were traded on the TSX-V until April 28, 2023, when we had them delisted. As of November 12, 2024, our common shares commenced trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ACOG”. We were voluntarily delisted from the CSE and OTCQB on December 17, 2024.
Risk Factors
Our operations and financial results are subject to various risk and uncertainties. Before deciding to invest in our securities, you should carefully consider the factors described under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 6 of this prospectus supplement, as well as the other information included elsewhere in this prospectus supplement, and the risk factors described under “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any subsequently-filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and those contained in our other filings with the SEC that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement. Any of the foregoing risk factors could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also adversely affect our business operations.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
As a company with less than $1.235 billion in revenues during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an emerging growth company as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or the JOBS Act, enacted in 2012. As an emerging growth company, we expect to take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:
● | being permitted to present only two years of audited financial statements, in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements, with correspondingly reduced “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure in this prospectus supplement; |
● | not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended; |
● | reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; |
● | exemption from certain executive compensation disclosure provisions requiring a pay-for-performance graph and CEO pay ratio disclosure; and |
● | exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. |
We elected to take advantage of all of these reduced reporting requirements and exemptions, including the longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards under §107 of the JOBS Act. Our election to use the phase-in periods may make it difficult to compare our financial statements to those of non-emerging growth companies and other emerging growth companies that have opted out of the phase-in periods under §107 of the JOBS Act.
S-2
Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act defines a “smaller reporting company” as an issuer that is not an investment company, an asset-backed issuer, or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent that is not a smaller reporting company and that:
● | had a public float of less than $250 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, computed by multiplying the aggregate worldwide number of shares of our voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates by the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average of the bid and asked prices of common equity, in the principal market for the common equity; or |
● | in the case of an initial registration statement under the Securities Act, or the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the Exchange Act, for shares of our common equity, had a public float of less than $250 million as of a date within 30 days of the date of the filing of the registration statement, computed by multiplying the aggregate worldwide number of such shares held by non-affiliates before the registration plus, in the case of a Securities Act registration statement, the number of such shares included in the registration statement by the estimated initial public offering price of the shares; or |
● | in the case of an issuer whose public float as calculated under the previous two bullet points was zero or less than $700 million, had annual revenues of less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year for which audited financial statements are available. |
We believe that we are a smaller reporting company, and as such that we will not be required and may not include a Compensation Discussion and Analysis section in our proxy statements; we will provide only two years of financial statements; and we need not provide the table of selected financial data. We also will have other “scaled” disclosure requirements that are less comprehensive than issuers that are not smaller reporting companies. These “scaled” disclosure requirements may make our securities less attractive to potential investors, which could make it more difficult for our security holders to sell their securities.
Recent Developments
● | On March 19, 2025, we announced the official commercial launch of ZUNVEYL. |
● | On January 14, 2025, we announced the strategic appointments of Jen Pesa, Vice President of Commercial; Jack Kelly, Head of Market Access; Rommel Fernandez, Vice President of Corporate Strategy and Operations; and Kurt Grady, Vice President of Medical Affairs. These hires mark significant milestones in building Alpha Cognition’s commercial and medical teams. |
● | On January 8, 2025, we announced an exclusive licensing agreement with China Medical System Holdings Limited (CMS) for the development, manufacturing and commercialization of ZUNVEYL (benzgalantamine) in Asia (excluding Japan), Australia and New Zealand. ZUNVEYL is a next generation acetylcholinesterase inhibitor approved in the US for the treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Terms of the agreement total $44 million, which includes $6 million in total upfront payments split into tranches and development and commercial milestone payments. Additionally, ACI is eligible to receive royalties on net sales of ZUNVEYL in Asia (excluding Japan), Australia and New Zealand. CMS will be responsible for the regulatory, development, manufacturing, and commercialization of ZUNVEYL in the licensed territories. |
● | As of August 22, 2025, European and Canadian Patents derived from WO2009127218 (BBB II), namely EP 2137192 and CA 2,721,007, and European, Canadian and Australian Patents derived from WO2014016430 (BBB-III), namely EP 2877165, EP 3417862, CA 2,878,135 and AU 2013294917, are abandoned, intended to be abandoned, or in the process of abandonment. |
NASDAQ Listing and Reverse Stock Split
On November 12, 2024, our common shares began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ACOG”.
On November 5, 2024, we completed a reverse stock split of our common shares with a stock split ratio of 1-for-25 (“Reverse Stock Split”). The Reverse Stock Split is intended to allow us to meet the minimum share price requirement of the Nasdaq Capital Market.
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Except as otherwise indicated, all references to our common shares, share data, per share data and related information depict the effect of the Reverse Stock Split as if it had occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented. The Reverse Stock Split combined each twenty five shares of our outstanding common shares into one common share, without any change in the par value per share which will remain no par value, and the Reverse Stock Split correspondingly adjusted, among other things, the number of common shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options and warrants and the exercise price of such options and warrants and shares issuable upon conversion of preferred shares and other convertible securities. No fractional shares will be issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split, and any fractional shares resulting from the Reverse Stock Split were rounded to the nearest whole share.
Corporate Information
Our principal office is located at 1452 Hughes Rd., Ste 200, Grapevine, Texas, 76051. Our registered and records office is located at 1200 - 750 West Pender Street, Vancouver, BC, V6C 2T8. Our phone number is 1-858-344-4375. Our website is www.alphacognition.com. We make available, free of charge, through our website, by way of a hyperlink to a third-party site that includes filings we make with the SEC website (www.sec.gov), our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports electronically filed or furnished pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The information contained on, connected to or that can be accessed via our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement. In addition, the public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington D.C., 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
Additional Information
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus supplement or incorporated herein by reference. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with additional information or information different from that contained in this prospectus supplement filed with the SEC or incorporated herein by reference. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, the common shares and pre-funded warrants only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date of this document, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus supplement or any sale of the common shares and pre-funded warrants. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may have changed since the date hereof.
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The Offering
The following summary contains basic information about this offering. The summary is not intended to be complete. You should read the full text and more specific details contained elsewhere in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.
Common shares offered by us pursuant to this prospectus supplement | Common shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $75,000,000. | |
Common shares to be outstanding after this offering(1) | Up to 25,240,690 shares, assuming sales of 9,079,903 of our common shares in this offering at an assumed offering price of $8.26 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our common shares on Nasdaq on August 21, 2025. The actual number of shares issued will vary depending on the sales price under this offering. | |
Manner of offering | “At the market offering” that may be made from time to time on Nasdaq or other market for our common shares in the United States through or to the Sales Agent. See the section entitled “Plan of Distribution” on page S-11 of this prospectus supplement for additional information. | |
Use of proceeds | We currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the shares of our common shares offered by us hereunder (if any) primarily for marketing and sales of ZUNVEYL, working capital requirements or for other general corporate purposes. See “Use of Proceeds” on page S-9 of this prospectus supplement for additional information. | |
Risk factors | You should read the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospetus and in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement for a discussion of factors to consider before deciding to purchase shares of our common shares. | |
Nasdaq symbol | Our common shares are listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ACOG.” |
* The number of common shares outstanding after this offering is based on 16,160,787 common shares outstanding as of August 21, 2025, and a total offering of an aggregate of 25,240,690 common shares at an assumed public offering price of $8.26 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our common shares on the Nasdaq on August 21, 2025, and excludes as of August 21, 2025:
● | 3,494,962 common shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants with an average weighted exercise price of $7.41; |
● | 316,655 common shares issuable upon conversion of Class B Preferred Series A Shares; |
● | 2,111,296 common shares underlying options granted under our equity plans, exercisable at an average weighted exercise price of $5.41 per share; and |
● | 265,642 common shares underlying performance options granted under our equity plans, exercisable at an average weighted exercise price of $0.22 per share. |
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RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities involves a risk of loss. Before investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the risk factors described under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC for the most recent year, in any applicable prospectus supplement and in our filings with the SEC, including our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, together with all of the other information included in this prospectus supplement and any prospectus supplement and the other information incorporated by reference herein and therein. These risks are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair or harm our business and financial results. Statements in or portions of a future document incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, including, without limitation, those relating to risk factors, may update and supersede statements in and portions of this prospectus supplement or such incorporated documents. Please also refer to the section entitled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Risks Related to this Offering
If you purchase common shares in this offering, you will suffer immediate dilution of your investment.
The common shares sold in this offering, if any, will be sold from time to time at various prices. However, the offering price of our common shares may be substantially higher than the net tangible book value per common share. Therefore, if you purchase our common shares in this offering, you may pay a price per share that substantially exceeds our net tangible book value per share after this offering. After giving effect to the sale of our common shares in the aggregate amount of $75,000,000 at an assumed offering price of $8.26 per share, the last reported sale price of our common shares on The Nasdaq Capital Market on August 21, 2025, after deducting commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us, you will experience immediate dilution of $4.11 per share, representing the difference between our as adjusted net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2025 after giving effect to this offering and the assumed offering price of $8.26 per share. See “Dilution” in this prospectus for a more detailed illustration of the dilution you would incur if you participate in this offering.
The amount of net proceeds, if any, we receive from this offering is uncertain.
There is no certainty that gross proceeds of $75,000,000 will be raised under the offering. Wainwright has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell, on our behalf, the common shares we request to be sold, but we are not required to request the sale of the maximum amount offered or any amount and, if we request a sale, Wainwright is not obligated to purchase any common shares that are not sold. As a result of the offering being made on a commercially reasonable efforts basis with no minimum, and only as requested by us, we may raise substantially less than the maximum total offering amount or nothing at all.
We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.
Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from the offering and could spend the proceeds in ways that do not improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our common shares. The failure by management to apply these funds effectively could result in financial losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business and cause the price of our common shares to decline. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from the offering in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value.
You may experience future dilution as a result of this offering, future equity offerings or other equity issuances.
We cannot assure you that we will not need to raise substantial capital in addition to the amounts we may raise in this offering. In order to raise such capital, we may in the future offer and issue additional common shares or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common shares. We cannot assure you that we will be able to sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is equal to or greater than the price per share paid by investors in this offering from time to time, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing shareholders. The price per share at which we sell additional common shares or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common shares in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share in this offering.
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The actual number of shares we will issue under the Sales Agreement, at any one time or in total, is uncertain.
Subject to certain limitations in the Sales Agreement and compliance with applicable law, we have the discretion to deliver a placement notice to Wainwright at any time throughout the term of the Sales Agreement or not at all. The number of shares that are sold by Wainright after delivering a placement notice will fluctuate based on the market price of our common shares during the sales period and limits we set with Wainwright. Because the price per share of each common share sold will fluctuate based on the market price of our common shares during the sales period, and because the amount of common shares to be sold, if any, is within our discretion, it is not possible to predict the number of common shares that will be ultimately issued, if any.
The common shares offered hereby will be sold in “at the market offerings,” and investors who buy common shares at different times will likely pay different prices.
Investors who purchase common shares in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices, and so may experience different outcomes in their investment results. We will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold, and there is no minimum or maximum sales price. Investors may experience a decline in the value of their shares as a result of share sales made at prices lower than the prices they paid.
We believe that we may be a “passive foreign investment company”, which may have adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences for U.S. investors.
We believe we were a “passive foreign investment company” (a “PFIC”) within the meaning of Section 1297 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) for our most recently completed taxable year and based on current business plans and financial expectations, we expect that we may be a PFIC for our current taxable year. Our PFIC status for our current taxable year and future taxable years depends on the nature of our income and the composition and value of our assets for our current taxable year or applicable future taxable year, which cannot be anticipated as of the date of this prospectus supplement. If we are a PFIC for any year during a U.S. taxpayer’s holding period of common shares, then such U.S. taxpayer generally will be required to treat any gain realized upon a disposition of the common shares, or any so-called “excess distribution” received on its common shares as ordinary income and to pay an interest charge on a portion of such gain or distribution. In certain circumstances, the sum of the tax and the interest charge may exceed the total amount of proceeds realized on the disposition, or the amount of excess distribution received, by the U.S. taxpayer. Subject to certain limitations, these tax consequences may be mitigated if a U.S. taxpayer makes a timely and effective QEF Election (as defined below) or a Mark-to-Market Election (as defined below). U.S. taxpayers should be aware that there can be no assurances that we will satisfy the record keeping requirements that apply to a QEF (as defined below), or that we will supply U.S. taxpayers with information that such U.S. taxpayers are required to report under the QEF rules, in the event that we are a PFIC. Thus, U.S. Holders may not be able to make a QEF Election. A U.S. taxpayer who makes a Mark-to-Market Election with respect to the common shares generally must include as ordinary income each year the excess of the fair market value of the common shares over the taxpayer’s basis therein. Each potential investor who is a U.S. taxpayer should review the discussion below under the heading “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules” in its entirety and should consult its own tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of the PFIC rules and the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of the common shares.
Proposed legislation in the U.S. Congress, including changes in U.S. tax law, may adversely impact us and the value of the common shares.
Changes to U.S. tax laws (which changes may have retroactive application) could adversely affect us or holders of the common shares. In recent years, many changes to U.S. federal income tax laws have been proposed and made, and additional changes to U.S. federal income tax laws are likely to continue to occur in the future. Additionally, states in which we operate or own assets may impose new or increased taxes.
The U.S. Congress is currently considering numerous items of legislation which may be enacted prospectively or with retroactive effect, which legislation could adversely impact our financial performance and the value of the common shares. For example, on July 4, 2025, the President of the United States signed into law a new tax bill commonly referred to as the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act”, which may affect the U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to certain investors which acquire our common shares. The likelihood of other similar legislation being enacted is uncertain, and the provisions of such other similar legislation may change prior to enactment. Investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding such enacted or proposed legislation as well as the potential impact of such legislation on them in light of their own personal circumstances.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus supplement, and the documents incorporated by reference herein, contain certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, Section 21E of the Exchange Act and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and are based on management’s current expectations. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including, but not limited to, “believes,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “see,” “confidence,” “trends,” “intend,” “estimate,” “on track,” “are positioned to,” “on course,” “opportunity,” “continue,” “project,” “guidance,” “target,” “forecast,” “anticipated,” “plan,” “potential” and the negative of these terms or comparable terms.
Various factors could adversely affect our operations, business or financial results in the future and cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements, including those factors discussed under “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” or otherwise discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and in our other filings made from time to time with the SEC after the date of this prospectus supplement.
For additional information about factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements, please see the documents that we have filed with the SEC, including our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other documents and reports filed from time to time with the SEC.
All subsequent forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We are not under any obligation to, and expressly disclaim any obligation to, update or alter any forward-looking statements whether as a result of such changes, new information, subsequent events or otherwise.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
We may issue and sell shares of our common shares having aggregate gross proceeds of up to $75,000,000 from time to time under this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition of this offering, the actual total offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. The amount of proceeds from this offering will depend upon the number of shares of our common shares sold and the market price at which they are sold. There can be no assurance that we will be able to sell any shares of our common shares under or fully utilize the Sales Agreement with the Sales Agent as a source of financing.
We currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the shares of our common shares offered by us hereunder (if any) primarily for marketing and sales of ZUNVEYL, working capital requirements or for other general corporate purposes.
As of the date of this prospectus supplement, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to be received from this offering. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend on numerous factors including our operating costs. Accordingly, our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and investors will be relying on the judgment of management regarding the application of the net proceeds from the offering. We may find it necessary or advisable to reallocate the net proceeds of this offering; however, any such reallocation would be substantially limited to the categories set forth above as we do not intend to use the net proceeds for other purposes. Pending such uses set forth above, we plan to invest the net proceeds in government securities and other short-term investment grade, marketable securities.
DILUTION
If you purchase common shares in this offering, you will experience dilution to the extent of the difference between the price per share you pay in this offering and the net tangible book value per share of our common shares immediately after this offering. Our net tangible book value as of June 30, 2025 was approximately $31.49 million, or approximately $1.97 per share. Net tangible book value per share represents our total tangible assets less total liabilities as of June 30, 2025 divided by the number of common shares outstanding as of June 30, 2025.
After giving effect to the assumed sale by us of $75,000,000 aggregate sales price of our common shares in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $8.26 per share (the last reported sale price of our common shares on the Nasdaq on August 21, 2025), and after deducting the estimated fees and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us (estimated at approximately $150,000), our as adjusted net tangible book value as of June 30, 2025 would have been approximately $104.1 million or approximately $4.15 per share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of approximately $2.18 per share to existing shareholders and an immediate dilution of approximately $4.11 per share to new investors. The following table illustrates this per share dilution:
Assumed public offering price per share | $ | 8.26 | |||||
Net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2025 | $ | 1.97 | |||||
Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors | $ | 2.18 | |||||
As adjusted net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2025 after giving effect to this offering | $ | 4.15 | |||||
Dilution per share to new investors in the offering | $ | 4.11 |
The table above assumes for illustrative purposes that an aggregate of 9,079,903 common shares are sold at an assumed offering price of $8.26 per share, the last reported sale price of our common shares on the Nasdaq on August 21, 2025, for aggregate gross proceeds of $75,000,000. The shares, if any, sold in this offering will be sold from time to time at various prices. An increase of $1.00 per share in the price at which the shares are sold from the assumed offering price of $8.26 per share shown in the table above, assuming we sell the same $75,000,000 aggregate sales price of our common shares would result in the issuance of an aggregate of 8,099,352 shares, would increase our adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering to $4.32 per share and would increase the dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering to $4.94 per share, after deducting commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us. A decrease of $1.00 per share in the price at which the shares are sold from the assumed offering price of $8.26 per share shown in the table above, assuming we sell the same $75,000,000 aggregate sales price of our common shares would result in the issuance of an aggregate of 10,330,579 shares, would result in an adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering of $3.95 per share and would result in $3.31 dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering, after deducting commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us.
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The number of common shares to be outstanding immediately after this offering is based on 16,023,119 common shares outstanding as of June 30, 2025, and excludes:
● | 3,632,630 common shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants with an average weighted exercise price of $7.40; |
● | 316,655 common shares issuable upon conversion of Class B Preferred Series A Shares; |
● | 2,101,696 common shares underlying options granted under our equity plans, exercisable at an average weighted exercise price of $5.39 per share; and |
● | 265,642 common shares underlying performance options granted under our equity plans, exercisable at an average weighted exercise price of $0.22 per share. |
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common shares. We intend to retain our earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business and do not expect to pay cash dividends or to make any other distributions in the near future. Our board of directors will review this policy from time to time having regard to our financing requirements, financial condition and other factors considered to be relevant.
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES DISTRIBUTED
Common Shares
The common shares will have all the characteristics, rights and restrictions of our common shares. We are authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares, without par value, of which 16,160,787 are issued and outstanding as at August 21, 2025. Holders of common shares are entitled to one vote per common share at all meetings of shareholders, to receive dividends as and when declared by our directors and to receive a pro rata share of our assets available for distribution to the shareholders in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our business. There are no pre-emptive, conversion or redemption rights attached to the common shares.
MARKET FOR COMMON SHARES
Our common shares are listed on the Nasdaq under the trading symbol “ACOG”. On August 21, 2025, the last reported sales price of the common shares on the Nasdaq was $8.26 per common share.
Exchange Controls
There are no governmental laws, decrees or regulations in Canada that restrict the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls, or that affect the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to non-resident holders of our securities, other than Canadian withholding tax. See “Certain Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations for U.S. Residents” below.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We have entered into the Sales Agreement with Wainwright, under which we may issue and sell our common shares having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $75,000,000 from time to time through Wainwright acting as a sales agent. The Sales Agreement provides that sales of our common shares, if any, under this prospectus supplement may be made in sales deemed to be “at-the-market” equity offerings as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on or through the Nasdaq Capital Market, the existing trading market for our common shares, or any other existing trading market in the United States for our common shares, sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange or otherwise, directly to Wainwright as principal, in negotiated transactions at market prices prevailing at the time of sale or at prices related to such prevailing market prices, and/or in any other method permitted by law. The Sales Agreement has been filed as an exhibit to our registration statement on Form S-3 of which this prospectus supplement forms a part.
Wainwright will offer the common shares subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement on a daily basis or as otherwise agreed upon by us and Wainwright on any day that: (i) is a trading day for the Nasdaq; (ii) we have instructed Wainwright by telephone to make such sales; and (iii) we have satisfied the conditions under Section 6 of the Sales Agreement. We will designate the maximum number of common shares to be sold through Wainwright on a daily basis. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, Wainwright will use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell on our behalf all of the common shares so designated or determined. We or Wainwright may suspend the offering of common shares being made through Wainwright under the Sales Agreement upon proper notice to the other party.
We will pay Wainwright commissions, in cash, for its services in acting as agent in the sale of our common shares. Wainwright will be entitled to a placement fee of up to 3% of the gross sales price of the shares sold. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition of this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. We have also agreed to reimburse Wainwright for certain specified expenses, including the fees and disbursements of its legal counsel in an amount not to exceed $50,000, as provided in the Sales Agreement, and up to $3,500 per due diligence update session for its legal counsel’s fees. We estimate that the total expenses for the offering, excluding compensation and reimbursements payable to Wainwright under the terms of the Sales Agreement, will be approximately $150,000.
Settlement for sales of common shares will occur at or prior to 1:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the first trading day following delivery of the shares issued (or such shorter settlement cycle as may be in effect under the Exchange Act from time to time), or at some other time that is agreed upon by us and Wainwright in connection with a particular transaction, in return for payment of the net proceeds to us. Sales of our common shares as contemplated in this prospectus supplement will be settled through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company or by such other means as we and Wainwright may agree upon.
Wainwright will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations to sell on our behalf all of the common shares requested to be sold by us, subject to the conditions set forth in the Sales Agreement. In connection with the sale of the common shares on our behalf, Wainwright will be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation of Wainwright will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to Wainwright against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
The offering of our common shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (i) the issuance and sale of all of the common shares subject to the Sales Agreement and (ii) the termination of the Sales Agreement as permitted therein. We may terminate the Sales Agreement at any time upon 5 days’ prior notice.
To the extent required by Regulation M, Wainwright will not engage in any market making activities involving our common shares while the offering is ongoing under this prospectus supplement. Wainwright and its affiliates may in the future provide various advisory, investment and commercial banking and other financial services for us and our affiliates, for which services they may in the future receive customary fees, although we have no current agreements to do so. In addition, in the ordinary course of its various business activities, Wainwright and its affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (which may include bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers. Such investments and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of ours or our affiliates. Wainwright or its affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or financial instruments and may hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.
The Nasdaq has authorized, upon official notice of issuance, the listing of the common shares offered hereunder.
This prospectus supplement in electronic format may be made available on a website maintained by Wainwright and Wainwright may distribute this prospectus supplement electronically.
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CERTAIN CANADIAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS FOR U.S. RESIDENTS
The following summarizes the principal Canadian federal income tax consequences applicable to the holding and disposition of common shares in the capital of the Company by a United States resident, and who holds common shares solely as capital property, referred to in this summary as a “U.S. Resident”. This summary is based on the current provisions of the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the “Tax Act”), the regulations thereunder, all amendments thereto publicly proposed by the government of Canada, the published administrative practices of Canada Revenue Agency, and the current provisions of the Convention Between Canada and the United States of America with Respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital, signed September 26, 1980, as amended (the “Canada-U.S. Tax Convention”). Except as otherwise expressly provided, this summary does not take into account any provincial, territorial or foreign (including without limitation, any United States) tax law or treaty. It has been assumed that all currently proposed amendments will be enacted substantially as proposed and that there is no other relevant change in any governing law or practice, although no assurance can be given in these respects.
Special rules, which are not discussed in this summary, may apply to a U.S. Resident that is an insurer carrying on business in Canada and elsewhere, is an “authorized foreign bank” (as defined in the Tax Act) or is otherwise of a special status or situation. Such U.S. Residents should consult their own tax advisors.
Each U.S. Resident is advised to obtain tax and legal advice applicable to such U.S. Resident’s particular circumstances.
Every U.S. Resident is liable to pay a Canadian withholding tax on every dividend that is or is deemed to be paid or credited to the U.S. Resident on the U.S. Resident’s common shares. The statutory rate of withholding tax is 25% of the gross amount of the dividend paid. The Canada-U.S. Tax Convention reduces the statutory rate with respect to dividends paid to a U.S. Resident, if that U.S. Resident is eligible for benefits under the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention. Where applicable, the general rate of withholding tax under the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention is 15% of the gross amount of the dividend, but if the U.S. Resident is a company that owns at least 10% of the voting stock of the Company and beneficially owns the dividend, the rate of withholding tax is 5% for dividends paid or credited to such corporate U.S. Resident. The Company is required to withhold the applicable tax from the dividend payable to the U.S. Resident, and to remit the tax to the Receiver General of Canada for the account of the U. S. Resident.
A U.S. Resident generally will not be subject to tax under the Tax Act in respect of a capital gain realized on the disposition or deemed disposition of a common share unless the common share, constitutes “taxable Canadian property” of the U.S. Resident for purposes of the Tax Act and the gain is not exempt from tax pursuant to the terms of the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention.
Provided that the common shares are listed on a “designated stock exchange” for purposes of the Tax Act (which currently includes the Nasdaq) at the time of disposition, the common shares generally will not constitute “taxable Canadian property” of a U.S. Resident, unless at any time during the 60 month period immediately preceding the disposition:
● | the U.S. Resident, persons with whom U.S. Resident did not deal at arm’s length, partnerships in which the U.S. Resident or such non-arm’s length persons hold a membership interest (either directly or indirectly through one or more partnerships), or the U.S. Resident together with all such persons and partnerships, owned 25% or more of the issued shares of any class or series of shares of the Company; and |
● | more than 50% of the fair market value of the common shares was derived directly or indirectly from one or any combination of real or immovable property situated in Canada, “Canadian resource properties” (as defined in the Tax Act), “timber resource properties” (as defined in the Tax Act) or an option in respect of, an interest in, or for civil law, a right in such properties, whether or not such property exists. |
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a common share may otherwise be deemed to be taxable Canadian property to a U.S. Resident for purposes of the Tax Act in certain circumstances. Certain withholding and reporting obligations will also generally apply in connection with the disposition of common shares by a U.S. Resident that constitutes, or are deemed to constitute, “taxable Canadian property” (and are not “treaty-protected property” as defined in the Tax Act). U.S. Residents who may hold common shares as “taxable Canadian property” should consult their own tax advisors.
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CERTAIN MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a general summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to a U.S. Holder (as defined below) arising from and relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of the common shares acquired pursuant to this prospectus supplement.
This summary is for general information purposes only and does not purport to be a complete analysis or listing of all potential U.S. federal income tax considerations that may apply to a U.S. Holder arising from and relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of common shares pursuant to this prospectus supplement. In addition, this summary does not take into account the individual facts and circumstances of any particular U.S. Holder that may affect the U.S. federal income tax considerations relevant to such U.S. Holder, including, without limitation, specific tax consequences to a U.S. Holder under an applicable tax treaty. Accordingly, this summary is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, legal or U.S. federal income tax advice with respect to any particular U.S. Holder. This summary does not address the U.S. federal net investment income tax, U.S. federal alternative minimum tax, U.S. federal estate and gift tax, U.S. state and local tax, and non-U.S. tax consequences to U.S. Holders of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of the common shares. In addition, except as specifically set forth below, this summary does not discuss applicable tax reporting requirements. Each prospective U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal, U.S. state and local, and non-U.S. tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of common shares.
No ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) has been requested, or will be obtained, regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of common shares. This summary is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS is not precluded from taking a position that is different from, or contrary to, the positions taken in this summary. In addition, because the authorities on which this summary is based are subject to various interpretations, the IRS and the U.S. courts could disagree with one or more of the conclusions described in this summary.
This summary is based on the Code, Treasury Regulations (whether final, temporary, or proposed) promulgated thereunder, published rulings of the IRS, published administrative positions of the IRS, the current provisions of the Convention, and U.S. court decisions, that are applicable, and, in each case, as in effect and available as of the date of this prospectus supplement. Any of the authorities on which this summary is based could be changed in a material and adverse manner at any time, and any such change could be applied retroactively. This summary does not discuss the potential effects, whether adverse or beneficial, of any proposed legislation that, if enacted, could be applied on a retroactive or prospective basis.
U.S. Holders
For purposes of this summary, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of common shares acquired pursuant to this prospectus supplement that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
● | An individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; | |
● | a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
● | an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or | |
● | a trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and the control of one or more U.S. persons for all substantial decisions or (2) has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
Non-U.S. Holders
For purposes of this summary, a “non-U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of common shares acquired pursuant to this prospectus supplement that is not a U.S. Holder or an entity or arrangement classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. This summary does not address any U.S. income tax considerations applicable to non-U.S. Holders. Accordingly, a non-U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal, U.S. state and local, and non-U.S. tax consequences (including the potential application and operation of any income tax treaties) relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of common shares acquired pursuant to this prospectus supplement.
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U.S. Holders Subject to Special U.S. Federal Income Tax Rules Not Addressed
This summary does not address the U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to U.S. Holders that are subject to special provisions under the Code, including, but not limited to, U.S. Holders that: (a) are tax-exempt organizations, qualified retirement plans, individual retirement accounts, or other tax-deferred accounts; (b) are banks, financial institutions, underwriters, insurance companies, real estate investment trusts, or regulated investment companies; (c) are broker-dealers, dealers, or traders in securities or currencies that elect to apply a mark-to-market accounting method; (d) have a “functional currency” other than the U.S. dollar; (e) own common shares as part of a straddle, hedging transaction, conversion transaction, constructive sale, or other integrated transaction; (f) acquire common shares in connection with the exercise or cancellation of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation for services; (g) hold common shares other than as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment purposes); (h) are subject to the alternative minimum tax; (i) are subject to special tax accounting rules with respect to the common shares; (j) are partnerships or other “pass-through” entities (and partners or other owners thereof); (k) are S corporations (and shareholders thereof); (l) are U.S. expatriates or former long-term residents of the United States subject to Section 877 or 877A of the Code; (m) hold common shares in connection with a trade or business, permanent establishment, or fixed base outside the United States; or (n) own or have owned or will own (directly, indirectly, or by attribution) 10% or more of the total combined voting power or value of our outstanding shares. U.S. Holders that are subject to special provisions under the Code, including, but not limited to, U.S. Holders described immediately above, should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal, U.S. state and local, and non-U.S. tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of common shares.
If an entity or arrangement that is classified as a partnership (or other “pass-through” entity) for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds common shares, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such entity or arrangement and the partners (or other owners or participants) of such entity or arrangement generally will depend on the activities of the entity or arrangement and the status of such partners (or other owners or participants). This summary does not address the tax consequences to any such partner (or other owner or participant). Partners (or other owners or participants) of entities or arrangements that are classified as partnerships or as “pass-through” entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes should consult their own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences arising from and relating to the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of common shares.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules
If we were to constitute a PFIC at any year during a U.S. Holder’s holding period, then certain potentially adverse rules would affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder resulting from the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of common shares.
We believe we were a PFIC for our most recently completed taxable year and based on current business plans and financial expectations, we expect that we may be a PFIC for our current taxable year. Our PFIC status for our current taxable year and future taxable years depends on the nature of our income and the composition and value of our assets for our current taxable year or applicable future taxable year, which cannot be anticipated as of the date of this prospectus supplement. No opinion of legal counsel or ruling from the IRS concerning our status as a PFIC has been obtained or is currently planned to be requested. The determination of whether any corporation was, or will be, a PFIC for a tax year depends, in part, on the application of complex U.S. federal income tax rules, which are subject to differing interpretations. In addition, whether any corporation will be a PFIC for any tax year depends on the assets and income of such corporation over the course of each such tax year and, as a result, cannot be predicted with certainty as of the date of this document. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge any determination made by us (or any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries) concerning our (or its) PFIC status. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding our PFIC status and the PFIC status of each of our non-U.S. subsidiaries.
In any year in which we are classified as a PFIC, a U.S. Holder will be required to file an annual report with the IRS containing such information as Treasury Regulations and/or other IRS guidance may require. In addition to penalties, a failure to satisfy such reporting requirements may result in an extension of the time period during which the IRS can assess a tax. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the requirements of filing such information returns under these rules, including the requirement to file an IRS Form 8621 annually.
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We generally will be a PFIC if, for a tax year, (a) 75% or more of our gross income in such tax year is passive income (the “PFIC income test”) or (b) 50% or more of the value of our assets either produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income, based on the quarterly average of the fair market value of such assets (the “PFIC asset test”). “Gross income” generally includes all sales revenues less the cost of goods sold, plus income from investments and from incidental or outside operations or sources, and “passive income” generally includes, for example, dividends, interest, certain rents and royalties, certain gains from the sale of stock and securities, and certain gains from commodities transactions. Active business gains arising from the sale of commodities generally are excluded from passive income if substantially all of a foreign corporation’s commodities are stock in trade or inventory, depreciable property used in a trade or business, or supplies regularly used or consumed in the ordinary course of its trade or business, and certain other requirements are satisfied.
For purposes of the PFIC income test and PFIC asset test described above, if we own, directly or indirectly, 25% or more of the total value of the outstanding shares of another corporation, we will be treated as if we (a) held a proportionate share of the assets of such other corporation and (b) received directly a proportionate share of the income of such other corporation. In addition, for purposes of the PFIC income test and PFIC asset test described above, and assuming certain other requirements are met, “passive income” does not include certain interest, dividends, rents, or royalties that are received or accrued by us from certain “related persons” (as defined in Section 954(d)(3) of the Code) also organized in Canada, to the extent such items are properly allocable to the income of such related person that is not passive income.
Under certain attribution rules, if we are a PFIC, U.S. Holders will generally be deemed to own their proportionate share of any of our direct or indirect equity interest in any company that is also a PFIC (a “Subsidiary PFIC”), and will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax as described below under “Default PFIC Rules Under Section 1291 of the Code” on their proportionate share of any (a) any “excess distributions,” as described below, on the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC and (b) a disposition or deemed disposition of stock of a Subsidiary PFIC by us or another Subsidiary PFIC, both as if such U.S. Holders directly held the shares of such Subsidiary PFIC. In addition, U.S. Holders may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any indirect gain realized on the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC on the sale or disposition of common shares.
Default PFIC Rules Under Section 1291 of the Code
If we are a PFIC for any tax year during which a U.S. Holder owns common shares, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such U.S. Holder of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of common shares will depend on whether such U.S. Holder makes a “qualified electing fund” or “QEF” election under Section 1295 of the Code (a “QEF Election”) or makes a mark-to-market election under Section 1296 of the Code (a “Mark-to-Market Election”) with respect to common shares. A U.S. Holder that does not make either a QEF Election or a Mark-to-Market Election (a “Non-Electing U.S. Holder”) will be taxable as described below.
A Non-Electing U.S. Holder will be subject to the rules of Section 1291 of the Code (described below) with respect to (a) any gain recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of common shares and (b) any “excess distribution” received on the common shares. A distribution generally will be an “excess distribution” to the extent that such distribution (together with all other distributions received in the current tax year) exceeds 125% of the average distributions received during the three preceding tax years (or during a U.S. Holder’s holding period for the common shares, if shorter).
Under Section 1291 of the Code, any gain recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of common shares of a PFIC (including an indirect disposition of shares of a Subsidiary PFIC), and any excess distribution received on common shares or a distribution by a Subsidiary PFIC to its shareholder that is deemed to be received by a U.S. Holder must be ratably allocated to each day in a Non-Electing U.S. Holder’s holding period for the common shares. The amount of any such gain or excess distribution allocated to the tax year of disposition or distribution of the excess distribution and to years before the entity became a PFIC, if any, would be taxed as ordinary income (and not eligible for certain preferential tax rates, as discussed below). The amounts allocated to any other tax year would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the highest tax rate applicable to ordinary income in each such year, and an interest charge would be imposed on the tax liability for each such year, calculated as if such tax liability had been due in each such year. A Non-Electing U.S. Holder that is not a corporation must treat any such interest paid as “personal interest,” which is not deductible.
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If we are a PFIC for any tax year during which a Non-Electing U.S. Holder holds common shares, we will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to such Non-Electing U.S. Holder, regardless of whether we cease to be a PFIC in one or more subsequent tax years. If we cease to be a PFIC, a Non-Electing U.S. Holder may terminate this deemed PFIC status with respect to the common shares by electing to recognize gain (which will be taxed under the rules of Section 1291 of the Code, discussed above), but not loss, as if such common shares were sold on the last day of the last tax year for which we were a PFIC.
QEF Election
A U.S. Holder that makes a timely and effective QEF Election for the first tax year in which the holding period of its common shares begins generally will not be subject to the default rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above with respect to its common shares. However, a U.S. Holder that makes a timely and effective QEF Election will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such U.S. Holder’s pro rata share of (a) our net capital gain, which will be taxed as long-term capital gain to such U.S. Holder, and (b) our ordinary earnings, which will be taxed as ordinary income to such U.S. Holder. Generally, “net capital gain” is the excess of (a) net long-term capital gain over (b) net short-term capital loss, and “ordinary earnings” are the excess of (a) “earnings and profits” over (b) net capital gain. A U.S. Holder that makes a QEF Election will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such amounts for each tax year in which we are a PFIC, regardless of whether such amounts are actually distributed to such U.S. Holder by us. However, for any tax year in which we are a PFIC and have no net income or gain, U.S. Holders that have made a QEF Election would not have any income inclusions as a result of the QEF Election. If a U.S. Holder that made a QEF Election has an income inclusion, such a U.S. Holder may, subject to certain limitations, elect to defer payment of current U.S. federal income tax on such amounts, subject to an interest charge. If such U.S. Holder is not a corporation, any such interest paid will be treated as “personal interest,” which is not deductible.
A U.S. Holder that makes a timely and effective QEF Election with respect to us generally (a) may receive a tax-free distribution from us to the extent that such distribution represents our “earnings and profits” that were previously included in income by the U.S. Holder because of such QEF Election and (b) will adjust such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the common shares to reflect the amount included in income or allowed as a tax-free distribution because of such QEF Election. In addition, a U.S. Holder that makes a QEF Election generally will recognize capital gain or loss on the sale or other taxable disposition of common shares.
The procedure for making a QEF Election, and the U.S. federal income tax consequences of making a QEF Election, will depend on whether such QEF Election is timely. A QEF Election will be treated as “timely” for purposes of avoiding the default PFIC rules discussed above if such QEF Election is made for the first year in the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the common shares in which we are a PFIC. A U.S. Holder may make a timely QEF Election by filing the appropriate QEF Election documents at the time such U.S. Holder files a U.S. federal income tax return for such year.
A QEF Election will apply to the tax year for which such QEF Election is timely made and to all subsequent tax years, unless such QEF Election is invalidated or terminated or the IRS consents to revocation of such QEF Election. If a U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election and, in a subsequent tax year, we cease to be a PFIC, the QEF Election will remain in effect (although it will not be applicable) during those tax years in which we are not a PFIC. Accordingly, if we become a PFIC in another subsequent tax year, the QEF Election will be effective and the U.S. Holder will be subject to the QEF rules described above during any subsequent tax year in which we qualify as a PFIC.
U.S. Holders should be aware that there can be no assurances that we will satisfy the record keeping requirements that apply to a QEF, or that we will supply U.S. Holders with information that such U.S. Holders are required to report under the QEF rules, in the event that we are a PFIC. Thus, U.S. Holders may not be able to make a QEF Election with respect to their common shares. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the availability of, and procedure for making, a QEF Election.
A U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election by attaching a completed IRS Form 8621, including a PFIC Annual Information Statement, to a timely filed U.S. federal income tax return. However, if we do not provide the required information with regard to us or any of our Subsidiary PFICs, U.S. Holders will not be able to make a QEF Election for such entity and will continue to be subject to the rules of Section 1291 of the Code, discussed above, that apply to Non-Electing U.S. Holders with respect to the taxation of gains and excess distributions.
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Mark-to-Market Election
A U.S. Holder may make a Mark-to-Market Election with respect to common shares only if the common shares are marketable stock. The common shares generally will be “marketable stock” if the common shares are regularly traded on (a) a national securities exchange that is registered with the SEC, (b) the national market system established pursuant to Section 11A of the Exchange Act or (c) a foreign securities exchange that is regulated or supervised by a governmental authority of the country in which the market is located, provided that (i) such foreign exchange has trading volume, listing, financial disclosure, and surveillance requirements, and meets other requirements and the laws of the country in which such foreign exchange is located, together with the rules of such foreign exchange, ensure that such requirements are actually enforced and (ii) the rules of such foreign exchange effectively promote active trading of listed stocks. If such stock is traded on such a qualified exchange or other market, such stock generally will be considered “regularly traded” for any calendar year during which such stock is traded, other than in de minimis quantities, on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor in this matter.
A U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election with respect to its common shares generally will not be subject to the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above with respect to such common shares. However, if a U.S. Holder does not make a Mark-to-Market Election beginning in the first tax year of such U.S. Holder’s holding period for the common shares for which we are a PFIC and such U.S. Holder has not made a timely QEF Election, the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above will apply to certain dispositions of, and distributions on, the common shares.
A U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election will include in ordinary income, for each tax year in which we are a PFIC, an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the fair market value of the common shares, as of the close of such tax year over (b) such U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the common shares. A U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election will be allowed a deduction in an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (a) such U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the common shares, over (b) the fair market value of such common shares (but only to the extent of the net amount of previously included income as a result of the Mark-to-Market Election for prior tax years).
A U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election generally also will adjust such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the common shares to reflect the amount included in gross income or allowed as a deduction because of such Mark-to-Market Election. In addition, upon a sale or other taxable disposition of common shares, a U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election will recognize ordinary income or ordinary loss (not to exceed the excess, if any, of (a) the amount included in ordinary income because of such Mark-to-Market Election for prior tax years over (b) the amount allowed as a deduction because of such Mark-to-Market Election for prior tax years). Losses that exceed this limitation are subject to the rules generally applicable to losses provided in the Code and Treasury Regulations.
A U.S. Holder makes a Mark-to-Market Election by attaching a completed IRS Form 8621 to a timely filed U.S. federal income tax return. A timely Mark-to-Market Election applies to the tax year in which such Mark-to-Market Election is made and to each subsequent tax year, unless the common shares cease to be “marketable stock” or the IRS consents to revocation of such election. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the availability of, and procedure for making, a Mark-to-Market Election.
Although a U.S. Holder may be eligible to make a Mark-to-Market Election with respect to the common shares, no such election may be made with respect to the stock of any Subsidiary PFIC that a U.S. Holder is treated as owning because such stock is not marketable. Hence, the Mark-to-Market Election will not be effective to eliminate the interest charge and other income inclusion rules described above with respect to deemed dispositions of Subsidiary PFIC stock or distributions from a Subsidiary PFIC to its shareholder.
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Other PFIC Rules
Under Section 1291(f) of the Code, the IRS has issued proposed Treasury Regulations that, subject to certain exceptions, would cause a U.S. Holder that had not made a timely QEF Election to recognize gain (but not loss) upon certain transfers of common shares that would otherwise be tax-deferred (e.g., gifts and exchanges pursuant to corporate reorganizations). However, the specific U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder may vary based on the manner in which common shares are transferred.
If finalized in their current form, the proposed Treasury Regulations applicable to PFICs would be effective for transactions occurring on or after April 1, 1992. Because the proposed Treasury Regulations have not yet been adopted in final form, they are not currently effective, and there is no assurance that they will be adopted in the form and with the effective date proposed. Nevertheless, the IRS has announced that, in the absence of final Treasury Regulations, taxpayers may apply reasonable interpretations of the Code provisions applicable to PFICs and that it considers the rules set forth in the proposed Treasury Regulations to be reasonable interpretations of those Code provisions. The PFIC rules are complex, and the implementation of certain aspects of the PFIC rules requires the issuance of Treasury Regulations which in many instances have not been promulgated and which, when promulgated, may have retroactive effect. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors about the potential applicability of the proposed Treasury Regulations.
Certain additional adverse rules may apply with respect to a U.S. Holder if we are a PFIC, regardless of whether such U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election. For example, under Section 1298(b)(6) of the Code, a U.S. Holder that uses common shares as security for a loan will, except as may be provided in Treasury Regulations, be treated as having made a taxable disposition of such common shares.
In addition, a U.S. Holder who acquires common shares from a decedent will not receive a “step up” in tax basis of such common shares to fair market value unless such decedent had a timely and effective QEF Election in place.
Special rules also apply to the amount of foreign tax credit that a U.S. Holder may claim on a distribution from a PFIC. Subject to such special rules, foreign taxes paid with respect to any distribution in respect of stock in a PFIC are generally eligible for the foreign tax credit. The rules relating to distributions by a PFIC and their eligibility for the foreign tax credit are complicated, and a U.S. Holder should consult with its own tax advisor regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit with respect to distributions by a PFIC.
The PFIC rules are complex, and each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the PFIC rules (including the availability and advisability of making a QEF Election or Mark-to-Market Election) and how the PFIC rules may affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of common shares.
Certain additional adverse rules may apply with respect to a U.S. Holder if we are a PFIC, regardless of whether the U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election. These rules include special rules that apply to the amount of foreign tax credit that a U.S. Holder may claim on a distribution from a PFIC. Subject to these special rules, foreign taxes paid with respect to any distribution in respect of stock in a PFIC are generally eligible for the foreign tax credit. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the potential application of the PFIC rules to the ownership and disposition of common shares, and the availability of certain U.S. tax elections under the PFIC rules.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Acquisition, Ownership, and Disposition of Common Shares
The following discussion describes the general rules applicable to the ownership and disposition of the common shares but is subject in its entirety to the special rules described above under the heading “Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”
Distributions on Common Shares
A U.S. Holder that receives a distribution, including a constructive distribution, with respect to a common share will be required to include the amount of such distribution in gross income as a dividend (without reduction for any Canadian income tax withheld from such distribution) to the extent of our current and accumulated “earnings and profits”, as computed under U.S. federal income tax principles. A dividend generally will be taxed to a U.S. Holder at ordinary income tax rates if we are a PFIC for the tax year of such distribution or were a PFIC for the preceding tax year. To the extent that a distribution exceeds our current and accumulated “earnings and profits”, such distribution will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the common shares and thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of such common shares (see “Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Shares” below). However, we do not intend to maintain the calculations of our earnings and profits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles, and each U.S. Holder therefore should assume that any distribution by us with respect to the common shares will constitute ordinary dividend income. Dividends received on common shares generally will not be eligible for the “dividends received deduction” generally applicable to corporations. Subject to applicable limitations and provided we are eligible for the benefits of the Convention or the common shares are readily tradable on a United States securities market, dividends paid by us to non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individuals, generally will be eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to long-term capital gains for dividends, provided certain holding period and other conditions are satisfied, including that we not be classified as a PFIC in the tax year of distribution or in the preceding tax year. The dividend rules are complex, and each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the application of such rules.
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Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Shares
Upon the sale or other taxable disposition of common shares, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between (a) the U.S. dollar value of cash received plus the fair market value of any property received and (b) such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in such common shares sold or otherwise disposed of. Gain or loss recognized on such sale or other taxable disposition generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if, at the time of the sale or other taxable disposition, the common shares have been held for more than one year. Preferential tax rates may apply to long-term capital gain of a U.S. Holder that is an individual, estate, or trust. There are currently no preferential tax rates for long-term capital gain of a U.S. Holder that is a corporation. Deductions for capital losses are subject to significant limitations under the Code.
Additional Considerations
Receipt of Foreign Currency
The amount of any distribution paid to a U.S. Holder in foreign currency or on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of common shares generally will be equal to the U.S. dollar value of such foreign currency based on the exchange rate applicable on the date of receipt or, if applicable, the date of settlement if the common shares are traded on an established securities market (regardless of whether such foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars at that time). A U.S. Holder will have a tax basis in the foreign currency equal to its U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Any U.S. Holder who converts or otherwise disposes of the foreign currency after the date of receipt may have a foreign currency exchange gain or loss that would be treated as ordinary income or loss, and generally will be U.S.-source income or loss for foreign tax credit purposes. Different rules apply to U.S. Holders who use the accrual method of tax accounting. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own U.S. tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of receiving, owning, and disposing of foreign currency.
Foreign Tax Credit
Dividends paid on the common shares will be treated as foreign-source income, and generally will be treated as “passive category income” or “general category income” for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. Any gain or loss recognized on a sale or other disposition of common shares generally will be U.S.-source gain or loss. Certain U.S. Holders that are eligible for the benefits of the Convention may elect to treat such gain or loss as Canadian source gain or loss for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. The Code applies various complex limitations on the amount of foreign taxes that may be claimed as a credit by U.S. taxpayers. In addition, Treasury Regulations that apply to foreign taxes paid or accrued (the “Foreign Tax Credit Regulations”) impose additional requirements for Canadian withholding taxes to be eligible for a foreign tax credit, and there can be no assurance that those requirements will be satisfied. The Treasury Department has released guidance temporarily pausing the application of certain of the Foreign Tax Credit Regulations.
Subject to the PFIC rules and the Foreign Tax Credit Regulations, each as discussed above, a U.S. Holder that pays (whether directly or through withholding) Canadian income tax with respect to dividends paid on the common shares generally will be entitled, at the election of such U.S. Holder, to receive either a deduction or a credit for such Canadian income tax paid. Generally, a credit will reduce a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability on a dollar-for-dollar basis, whereas a deduction will reduce a U.S. Holder’s income that is subject to U.S. federal income tax. This election is made on a year-by-year basis and applies to all foreign taxes paid (whether directly or through withholding) by a U.S. Holder during a year. The foreign tax credit rules are complex and involve the application of rules that depend on a U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances. Accordingly, each U.S. Holder should consult its own U.S. tax advisor regarding the foreign tax credit rules.
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Information Reporting; Backup Withholding Tax
Under U.S. federal income tax law and Treasury Regulations, certain categories of U.S. Holders must file information returns with respect to their investment in, or involvement in, a foreign corporation. For example, U.S. return disclosure obligations (and related penalties) are imposed on individuals who are U.S. Holders that hold certain specified foreign financial assets in excess of certain threshold amounts. The definition of specified foreign financial assets includes not only financial accounts maintained in foreign financial institutions, but also, unless held in accounts maintained by a financial institution, any stock or security issued by a non-U.S. person, any financial instrument or contract held for investment that has an issuer or counterparty other than a U.S. person and any interest in a non-U.S. entity. U.S. Holders may be subject to these reporting requirements unless their common shares are held in an account at certain financial institutions. Penalties for failure to file certain of these information returns are substantial. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the requirements of filing information returns, including the requirement to file an IRS Form 8938.
Payments made within the U.S., or by a U.S. payor or U.S. middleman, of dividends on, and proceeds arising from the sale or other taxable disposition of, common shares will generally be subject to information reporting and backup withholding tax, currently at the rate of 24%, if a U.S. Holder (a) fails to furnish such U.S. Holder’s correct U.S. taxpayer identification number (generally on IRS Form W-9), (b) furnishes an incorrect U.S. taxpayer identification number, (c) is notified by the IRS that such U.S. Holder has previously failed to properly report items subject to backup withholding tax, or (d) fails to certify, under penalty of perjury, that such U.S. Holders has furnished its correct U.S. taxpayer identification number and that the IRS has not notified such U.S. Holder that it is subject to backup withholding tax. However, certain exempt persons, such as U.S. Holders that are corporations, generally are excluded from these information reporting and backup withholding tax rules. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the U.S. backup withholding tax rules generally will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, or will be refunded, if such U.S. Holder furnishes required information to the IRS in a timely manner.
The discussion of reporting requirements set forth above is not intended to constitute a complete description of all reporting requirements that may apply to a U.S. Holder. A failure to satisfy certain reporting requirements may result in an extension of the time period during which the IRS can assess a tax and, under certain circumstances, such an extension may apply to assessments of amounts unrelated to any unsatisfied reporting requirement. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the information reporting and backup withholding rules.
THE ABOVE SUMMARY IS NOT INTENDED TO CONSTITUTE A COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF ALL TAX CONSIDERATIONS APPLICABLE TO U.S. HOLDERS WITH RESPECT TO THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP, AND DISPOSITION OF COMMON SHARES. U.S. HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE TAX CONSIDERATIONS APPLICABLE TO THEM IN LIGHT OF THEIR OWN PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES.
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LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the issuance of the common shares offered by this prospectus supplement will be passed upon for us by Morton Law LLP.
EXPERTS
Our financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement have been audited by Manning Elliott LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report incorporated herein by reference.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
In this prospectus supplement, we “incorporate by reference” certain information that we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to that information. The information we incorporate by reference is an important part of this prospectus supplement, and later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. The following documents or information have been filed by us with the SEC and are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement (other than, in each case, documents or information that are or are deemed to have been furnished rather than filed in accordance with SEC rules, including disclosure furnished under Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K):
● | our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025; |
● | our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on May 15, 2025; | |
● | our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, filed with the SEC on August 14, 2025; |
● | our Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, in connection with our June 19, 2025 annual general meeting of shareholders, including the information specifically incorporated by reference into our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on April 30, 2025; |
● | our Current Reports on Form 8-K dated February 27, 2025, April 10, 2025 and June 23, 2025; and |
● | the description of our common shares contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A filed on November 8, 2024, including any amendments or reports filed for the purposes of updating this description |
All documents and reports that we file with the SEC (other than, in each case, documents or information that are or are deemed to have been furnished rather than filed in accordance with SEC rules) under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to in this prospectus supplement as the “Exchange Act,” from the date of this prospectus supplement until the completion of the offering under this prospectus supplement shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement. We also hereby specifically incorporate by reference all filings filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of the initial registration statement on Form S-3 to which this prospectus supplement relates and prior to effectiveness of such registration statement. Unless specifically stated to the contrary, none of the information we disclose under Items 2.02 or 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K that we may from time to time furnish to the SEC will be incorporated by reference into, or otherwise included in, this prospectus supplement. The information contained on or accessible through any websites, including www.alphacognition.com, is not and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement.
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You may request a copy of these filings, other than an exhibit to these filings unless we have specifically included or incorporated that exhibit by reference into the filing, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address:
Alpha
Cognition Inc.
1452 Hughes Rd., Ste 200
Grapevine,
Texas, 76051
(858) 344-4375
Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus supplement to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus supplement, any prospectus supplement, or any other subsequently filed document that is deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus modifies or supersedes the statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus supplement.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may obtain such SEC filings from the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of our periodic and current reports and proxy statements, may be obtained, free of charge, on our website at www.alphacognition.com. This reference to our internet address is for informational purposes only and the information contained on or accessible through such internet address is not and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement.
As permitted by SEC rules, this prospectus supplement does not contain all of the information we have included in the registration statement and the accompanying exhibits and schedules we file with the SEC. You may refer to the registration statement, exhibits and schedules for more information about us and the securities. The registration statement, exhibits and schedules are available through the SEC’s website or at our public reference room.
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PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The following table sets forth expenses payable by us in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered pursuant to this registration statement. All the amounts shown are estimates.
SEC registration fee | $ | 38,275 | ||
Printing expenses | 5,000 | |||
Legal fees and expenses | 95,000 | |||
Accounting fees and expenses | 10,000 | |||
Miscellaneous | 1,000 | |||
Total | $ | 149,275 |
ITEM 15. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
The corporate laws of British Columbia allow us, and our corporate articles require us (subject to the provisions of the BCBCA noted below), to indemnify our directors, former directors, alternate directors and their heirs and legal personal representatives against all eligible penalties to which such person is or may be liable, and we must, after the final disposition of an eligible proceeding, pay the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by such person in respect of that proceeding. Each Director and alternate Director is deemed to have contracted with us on the terms of the indemnity contained in our articles.
For the purposes of such an indemnification:
“eligible party”, in relation to us, means an individual who
1) | is or was a Director or officer of our company, |
2) | is or was a director or officer of another corporation |
a) | at a time when the corporation is or was an affiliate of our company, or |
b) | at our request, or |
3) | at our request, is or was, or holds or held a position equivalent to that of, a director or officer of a partnership, trust, joint venture or other unincorporated entity, and includes, except in the definition of “eligible proceeding” and certain other cases, the heirs and personal or other legal representatives of that individual; |
and includes, except in the definition of “eligible proceeding” and certain other cases, the heirs and personal or other legal representatives of that individual;
“eligible penalty” means a judgment, penalty or fine awarded or imposed in, or an amount paid in settlement of, an eligible proceeding;
“eligible proceeding” means a proceeding in which an eligible party or any of the heirs and personal or other legal representatives of the eligible party, by reason of the eligible party being or having been a director or officer of, or holding or having held a position equivalent to that of a director or officer of, ours or an associated corporation:
(1) | is or may be joined as a party, or |
(2) | is or may be liable for or in respect of a judgment, penalty or fine in, or expenses related to, the proceeding; |
“expenses” includes costs, charges and expenses, including legal and other fees, but does not include judgments, penalties, fines or amounts paid in settlement of a proceeding; and “proceeding” includes any legal proceeding or investigative action, whether current, threatened, pending or completed.
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In addition, under the BCBCA, we may pay, as they are incurred in advance of the final disposition of an eligible proceeding, the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by an eligible party in respect of that proceeding, provided that we first receive from the eligible party a written undertaking that, if it is ultimately determined that the payment of expenses is prohibited by the restrictions noted below, the eligible party will repay the amounts advanced.
Notwithstanding the provisions of our articles noted above, we must not indemnify an eligible party or pay the expenses of an eligible party, if any of the following circumstances apply:
(1) | if the indemnity or payment is made under an earlier agreement to indemnify or pay expenses and, at the time that the agreement to indemnify or pay expenses was made, we were prohibited from giving the indemnity or paying the expenses by our memorandum or articles; |
(2) | if the indemnity or payment is made otherwise than under an earlier agreement to indemnify or pay expenses and, at the time that the indemnity or payment is made, we are prohibited from giving the indemnity or paying the expenses by our memorandum or articles; |
(3) | if, in relation to the subject matter of the eligible proceeding, the eligible party did not act honestly and in good faith with a view to our best interests or the associated corporation, as the case may be; |
(4) | in the case of an eligible proceeding other than a civil proceeding, if the eligible party did not have reasonable grounds for believing that the eligible party’s conduct in respect of which the proceeding was brought was lawful. |
In addition, if an eligible proceeding is brought against an eligible party by or on behalf of us or by or on behalf of an associated corporation, we must not do either of the following:
(1) | indemnify the eligible party under section 160 (a) in respect of the proceeding; or |
(2) | pay the expenses of the eligible party in respect of the proceeding. |
Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, and whether or not payment of expenses or indemnification has been sought, authorized or declined under the BCBCA or our articles, on our application or an eligible party, the Supreme Court of British Columbia may do one or more of the following:
(1) | order a company to indemnify an eligible party against any liability incurred by the eligible party in respect of an eligible proceeding; |
(2) | order a company to pay some or all of the expenses incurred by an eligible party in respect of an eligible proceeding; |
(3) | order the enforcement of, or any payment under, an agreement of indemnification entered into by a company; |
(4) | order a company to pay some or all of the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by any person in obtaining an order under this section; |
(5) | make any other order the court considers appropriate. |
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ITEM 16. EXHIBITS
(a) Exhibits
Exhibit No. | Description | |
1.1* | Form of Underwriting Agreement | |
1.2# | At the Market Offering Agreement, dated August 22, 2025, by and between the Company and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | |
3.1(1) | Notice of Articles | |
3.2(4) | Articles | |
4.1(1) | Specimen common share certificate | |
4.2(1) | Escrow Agreement by and between the Company, Computershare Investor Services Inc. and certain stockholders of the Company dated March 18, 2021 | |
4.3(3) | Form of Warrant issued September 24, 2024 | |
4.4(5) | Form of Pre-Funded Warrant | |
4.5(5) | Form of Underwriters Warrant | |
4.6(6) | Form of Convertible Note | |
4.7* | Form of Warrant Agreement | |
4.8* | Form of Unit Agreement | |
4.9# | Form of Indenture | |
4.10* | Form of Subscription Receipt Agreement | |
5.1# | Opinion of Morton Law, LLP | |
5.2# | Opinion of Dorsey & Whitney LLP | |
5.3# | Opinion of Morton Law LLP | |
23.1# | Consent of Manning Elliott LLP an Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |
23.2# | Consent of Morton Law LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1) | |
23.3# | Consent of Dorsey & Whitney LLP (included in Exhibit 5.2) | |
23.4# | Consent of Morton Law LLP (included in Exhibit 5.3) | |
24.1# | Powers of Attorney (included on the signature page of the Registration Statement) | |
25.1** | Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, of Trustee under the Indenture | |
107# | Filing Fee Table |
(1) | Previously filed and incorporated by reference to the corresponding exhibit as filed in the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 as filed with the Commission on April 30, 2024 |
(2) | Previously filed and incorporated by reference to the corresponding exhibit as filed in the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A as filed with the Commission on May 10, 2024 |
(3) | Previously filed and incorporated by reference to our Form 8-K as filed with the Commission on September 25, 2024 |
(4) | Previously filed and incorporated by reference to our Form 8-K filed with the Commission on October 3, 2024 |
(5) | Previously filed and incorporated by reference to our Form S-1/A filed with the Commission on October 25, 2024 |
(6) | Previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 25, 2024 |
(7) | Previously filed and incorporated by reference to our Form S-1/A filed with the Commission on November 6, 2024 |
* | To be filed by amendment or as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated by reference herein, if applicable |
** | To be filed separately under the electronic form type 305B2, if applicable |
# | Filed herewith |
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ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided, however, that the undertakings set forth in paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) above do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-1, Form S-3, Form SF-3 or Form F-3 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or, as to a registration statement on Form S-3, Form SF-3 or Form F-3, is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:
(i) If the Registrant is relying on Rule 430B:
(A) Each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or
(ii) If the Registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
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(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: (i) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; (ii) any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrant; (iii) the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and (iv) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.
(b) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the Registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act, and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act, and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(d) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on our behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Vancouver on August 22, 2025.
ALPHA
COGNITION INC. | ||
Dated: August 22, 2025 |
By: |
/s/ Michael McFadden |
Michael McFadden, | ||
Chief Executive Officer |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Michael McFadden as such person’s true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for such person and in such person’s name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign this registration statement and any and all further amendments thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the SEC, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as such person might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. This registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | Capacity | Date | ||
Michael McFadden | Chief Executive Officer and Director | August 22, 2025 | ||
/s/ Michael McFadden | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
Henry Du | Vice President of Finance and Accounting and interim | August 22, 2025 | ||
/s/ Henry Du | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting and | |||
Financial Officer) | ||||
Len Mertz | Director | August 22, 2025 | ||
/s/ Len Mertz | ||||
Kenneth Cawkell | Director | August 22, 2025 | ||
/s/ Kenneth Cawkell | ||||
Robert Wills | Director | August 22, 2025 | ||
/s/ Robert Wills | ||||
Phillip Mertz | Director | August 22, 2025 | ||
/s/ Phillip Mertz | ||||
Rajeev Bakshi | Director | August 22, 2025 | ||
/s/ Rajeev Bakshi |
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SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE UNITED STATES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 6(a) of the Securities Act, the undersigned has signed this Registration Statement, solely in the capacity of the duly authorized representative of the Registrant in the United States, on August 22, 2025.
By: | /s/ Michael McFadden | ||
Name: | Michael McFadden | ||
Title: | Chief Executive Officer and Director |
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