[10-Q] BIOLARGO, INC. Quarterly Earnings Report
BioLargo (BLGO) reported a sharply weaker Q3 2025 as a major customer default triggered a large credit loss. Revenue was $1.103 million versus $4.351 million a year ago, with gross profit of $372,000. Operating expenses rose to $7.552 million, including a $3.849 million credit loss expense tied to impaired receivables and a note from a customer following contract and payment disputes now in litigation.
The quarter’s net loss was $7.244 million (vs. $1.060 million). Year to date, revenue was $7.148 million and net loss $11.047 million. Cash and equivalents were $4.546 million with current assets of $5.775 million and current liabilities of $3.451 million, yielding working capital of $2.324 million. The company stated that gross profits for 2025 will not fund operations and raised “substantial doubt” about its ability to continue as a going concern without additional revenue or financing.
Customer concentration remained high, with one customer representing 35% of Q3 revenue and 64% year to date. Cash from financing activities totaled $7.269 million for the first nine months, while operating cash used was $6.707 million. Shares outstanding were 313,762,657 as of November 12, 2025.
- None.
- Going concern warning: management cites “substantial doubt” without additional revenue or financing.
- Material credit loss: recorded $3.849M impairment tied to a customer, driving a larger quarterly net loss.
Insights
Large credit loss and going concern warning heighten liquidity risk.
BioLargo’s Q3 included a
Liquidity is tight: cash of
Customer concentration was
Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
| | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended
or
| | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number
BIOLARGO, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| | | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
(Address of principal executive offices)
(
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| | | OTC Markets (OTCQX) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐ |
| Smaller reporting company | |
| Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes
The number of shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of November 12, 2025 was
BIOLARGO, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
PART I
| Item 1 |
Financial Statements |
1 |
| Item 2 |
Management's Discussion and Analysis and Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
27 |
| Item 4 |
Controls and Procedures |
38 |
PART II
| Item 2 |
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
40 |
| Item 5 |
Other Information |
40 |
| Item 6 |
Exhibits |
41 |
| Signatures |
43 |
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
BIOLARGO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except for share and per share data)
| September 30, 2025 | December 31, | |||||||
| (unaudited) | 2024 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, net of allowances | ||||||||
| Inventories | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Equipment and leasehold improvements, net | ||||||||
| Other non-current assets | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | ||||||||
| Financing lease right-of-use asset, net | ||||||||
| Clyra Medical note receivable | ||||||||
| Investment in South Korean joint venture | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities and stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
| Clyra Medical accounts payable and accrued expenses | ||||||||
| Clyra Medical debt obligations, net of discount $161 and $80 | ||||||||
| Debt obligations | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Finance lease liability | ||||||||
| Deposits | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Long-term liabilities: | ||||||||
| Debt obligations, net of current | ||||||||
| Clyra Medical debt obligations, net of current and discount $55 and $80 | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, net of current | ||||||||
| Finance lease liability, net of current | ||||||||
| Total long-term liabilities | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: | ||||||||
| Preferred Series A, $0.00067 Par Value, 50,000,000 Shares Authorized, no Shares Issued and Outstanding, at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 | ||||||||
| Common stock, $0.00067 Par Value, 550,000,000 Shares Authorized, 311,452,683 and 301,274,243 Shares Issued, at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total BioLargo Inc. and subsidiaries stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Non-controlling interest (Notes 8, 9, 10) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
BIOLARGO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands, except for share and per share data)
(unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| Revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Product revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Service revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Cost of service | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Total cost of revenue | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||||||||||
| Credit loss expense | ||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating loss: | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||||||||||
| PPP loan forgiveness | ||||||||||||||||
| Grant income | ||||||||||||||||
| Total other expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net loss attributable to common shareholders | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss per share attributable to common shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss per share attributable to shareholders – basic and diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss: | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Foreign currency translation | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
BIOLARGO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands, except for share data)
| Common stock | Additional paid-in | Accumulated | Accumulated other comprehensive | Non-controlling | Total stockholders’ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | capital | deficit | loss | interest | equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Sale of common stock for cash, net of offering costs of $15 (unaudited) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for services (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option compensation expense (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option exercise (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra Medical stock option compensation expense (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra Medical stock issued for services (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra Medical stock unit offering (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra Medical dividend Series A Preferred stock (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra Medical fair value warrant issued with debt (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest allocation (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2025 (unaudited) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Sale of common stock for cash, net of offering costs of $15 (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for services (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option compensation expense (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra Medical stock option compensation expense (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra Medical stock issued for services (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra Medical dividend Series A Preferred stock (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra Medical fair value warrant issued with debt (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra Medical Unit Warrant offering (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest allocation (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2025 (unaudited) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Sale of common stock for cash, net of offering costs of $15 (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for services (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option compensation expense (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange of BETI stock for BioLargo common stock (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra Medical stock option compensation expense (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra Medical sales of Series B Preferred stock (unuadited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra Medical dividend Series A Preferred stock (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra Medical Unit Warrant offering (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BETI unit offering (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest allocation (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2025 (unaudited) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
BIOLARGO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands, except for share data)
| Common stock | Additional paid-in | Accumulated | Accumulated other comprehensive | Non-controlling | Total stockholders’ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | capital | deficit | loss | interest | equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Sale of stock for cash, net of offering costs of $39 (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of stock for services (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant exercise (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option compensation expense (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option compensation expense Clyra (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock for service Clyra (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra stock unit offering (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra dividend Series A Preferred stock (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| BETI stock offering (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest allocation (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2024 (unaudited) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Sale of stock for cash, net offering costs of $16 (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of stock for services (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of stock in exchange for BETI shares (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant exercise (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option exercise (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option compensation expense (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option compensation expense Clyra (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock for service Clyra (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra sales of Series A Preferred stock (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra dividend Series A Preferred stock (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest allocation (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2024 (unaudited) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock offering costs of $15(unaudited) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of stock for services (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant exercise (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option compensation expense (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option exercise (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option compensation expense Clyra (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock option exercise Clyra (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra dividend Series A Preferred stock (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra unit offering (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Clyra conversion of note payable and interest (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest allocation (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss (unaudited) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation (unaudited) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2024 (unaudited) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
BIOLARGO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands, except for share and per share data)
(unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Credit loss expense | ||||||||
| Stock option compensation expense | ||||||||
| Common stock issued for services | ||||||||
| Bad debt expense | ||||||||
| PPP loan forgiveness | ( | ) | ||||||
| Amortization of debt discount | ||||||||
| Amortization of right-of-use operating lease assets | ||||||||
| Amortization of right-of-use finance lease asset | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Finance lease liability | ( | ) | ||||||
| (Gain) loss on investment in South Korean joint venture | ( | ) | ||||||
| Depreciation expense | ||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Inventories | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Deposits | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Clyra Medical accounts payable and accrued expenses | ||||||||
| Contract liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||
| Equipment purchases | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from note receivable | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of commissions | ||||||||
| Proceeds from debt obligation | ||||||||
| Proceeds from warrant exercise | ||||||||
| Proceeds from option exercise | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of BETI common stock | ||||||||
| Repayment of debt obligations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from BETI unit offering | ||||||||
| Proceeds from Clyra Medical preferred series B | ||||||||
| Proceeds from Clyra Medical debt obligations | ||||||||
| Proceeds from Clyra unit warrant offering | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of Clyra Medical common stock | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| Net effect of foreign currency translation | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net change in cash | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information | ||||||||
| Cash paid during the period for: | ||||||||
| Interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| Income taxes | $ | $ | ||||||
| Short-term lease payments not included in lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Non-cash investing and financing activities | ||||||||
| Conversion of accounts receivable to a note receivable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Conversion of Clyra note payable into Clyra shares | $ | $ | ||||||
| Conversion of BETI common stock to BioLargo common stock | $ | $ | ||||||
| Clyra Medical right-of-use asset and operating lease liability | $ | $ | ||||||
| Allocation of noncontrolling interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| Fair value of Clyra Medical warrants issued as debt discount | $ | $ | ||||||
| Clyra Medical dividend Series A Preferred stock | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Note 1. Business and Organization
Description of Business
BioLargo, Inc. (“BioLargo”, or the “Company”) invents, develops, and commercializes innovative platform technologies to solve challenging environmental problems like PFAS contamination (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), advanced water and wastewater treatment, industrial odor control, air quality control, infection control, and myriad environmental remediation challenges. Our business strategy is straightforward: we invent or acquire technologies that we believe have the potential to be disruptive in large commercial markets; we develop and validate these technologies to advance and promote their commercial success as we leverage our considerable scientific, engineering, and entrepreneurial talent; we then monetize these technical assets through a variety of business structures that may include licensure, joint venture, sale, spin off, or by deploying direct to market strategies.
Organization
We are a Delaware corporation formed in 1991, and have five wholly-owned subsidiaries: BioLargo Life Technologies, Inc., organized under the laws of the State of California in 2006; ONM Environmental, Inc., organized under the laws of the State of California in 2009; BioLargo Equipment Solutions & Technologies, Inc., organized under the laws of the State of California in 2022; BioLargo Canada, Inc., organized under the laws of Canada in 2014; and BioLargo Development Corp., organized under the laws of the State of California in 2016. Additionally, we own
Liquidity / Going Concern
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we generated revenues of $
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries, and partially owned subsidiaries BETI, BLEST and Clyra Medical. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
The accounting and financial reporting policies of the Company conform, in all material respects, to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and to general practices within the industry. The condensed consolidated financial statements in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have not been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm, but in the opinion of management, reflect all necessary adjustments for a fair presentation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position and condensed consolidated results of operations. All adjustments were of a normal and recurring nature. The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and with the instructions to Form 10-Q adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, the condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial presentation and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, for the year ended December 31, 2024, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any future period.
Foreign Currency
The Company has designated the functional currency of BioLargo Canada, Inc., our Canadian subsidiary, to be the Canadian dollar. Therefore, translation gains and losses resulting from differences in exchange rates are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when acquired to be cash equivalents. Substantially all cash equivalents are held in short-term money market accounts at one of the largest financial institutions in the United States. From time to time, our cash account balances are greater than the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limit of $250,000 per owner per bank, and during such times, we are exposed to credit loss for amounts in excess of insured limits in the event of non-performance by the financial institution. We do not anticipate non-performance by our condensed consolidated financial institution.
As of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, our cash balances were made up of the following (in thousands):
| September 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||
| BioLargo, Inc. and subsidiaries | $ | $ | ||||||
| Clyra Medical Technologies, Inc. | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are customer obligations that are unconditional. Accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for expected credit losses, which represents an estimate of amounts that may not be collectible. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and, if necessary, provides an allowance for expected credit losses. A credit loss expense to the expected credit losses is recorded based on factors including the length of time the receivables are past due, the current business environment, and the Company’s historical experience. Credit loss expense is recorded to general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company writes off accounts receivable against the allowance when it determines a balance is uncollectible and no longer actively pursues collection of the receivable. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to customers. As of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the expected credit losses were $
Allowance for Credit Losses
The Company recognizes an expected allowance for credit losses with respect to its note and accounts receivable. In addition, also at each reporting date, this estimate is updated to reflect any changes in credit risk since the receivable was initially recorded. This estimate is calculated on a pooled basis where similar risk characteristics exist. Accounts receivable are evaluated individually when they do not share similar risk characteristics which could exist in circumstances where amounts are considered at risk or uncollectible This estimate is adjusted for management's assessment of current conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts regarding future events, and any other factors deemed relevant by the Company. The Company believes historical loss information is a reasonable starting point in which to calculate the expected allowance for credit losses. The Company writes off receivables when there is information that indicates the customer is facing significant financial difficulty and there is no possibility of recovery. If any recoveries are made from any accounts previously written off, they will be recognized in operations or an offset to note and credit loss expense in the year of recovery, in accordance with the entity's accounting policy election.
On June 6, 2025, ONM Environmental entered into an amendment to the June 2021 Preferred Master Manufacturing Agreement with Ikigai Holdings, LLC and Pooph Inc. to allow Pooph Inc. to pay past due amounts of $
During the three months ended September 30, 2025, BioLargo management determined that the note receivable and accounts receivable owed by Pooph Inc. were fully impaired, resulting in a $
Credit Concentration
We have a limited number of customers that account for significant portions of our revenue. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024,
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| Customer A | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||
At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024,
| September 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||
| Customer A | % | |||||||
| Customer B | % | |||||||
Inventory
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the average cost method. There was
| September 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||
| Raw material | $ | $ | ||||||
| Finished goods | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
Other Non-Current Assets
Other non-current assets consisted of (i) security deposits related to our business offices, (ii) three patents acquired on October 22, 2021, for $
| September 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||
| Patents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Security deposits | ||||||||
| Interest receivable | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
Equity Method of Accounting
On March 20, 2020, we invested $
We account for our investment in the joint venture under the equity method of accounting. We have determined that while we have significant influence over the joint venture through our technology license and our position on the Board of Directors, we do not control the joint venture or are otherwise involved in managing the entity and we own less than a majority of the equity. Therefore, we recognized the investment on our condensed consolidated balance sheets and record an increase or decrease of the recorded balance by our percentage ownership of the profits or losses in the joint venture. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the increase of our investment interest totaled $
Impairment
Long-lived and definite lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is less than the carrying amount of the asset, then an impairment loss is recognized. The impairment loss is measured based on the fair value of the asset. Any resulting impairment is recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset in excess of fair value and a charge to operations.
Loss Per Share
We report basic and diluted loss per share (“LPS”) for common and common share equivalents. Basic LPS is computed by dividing reported losses by the weighted average shares outstanding. Diluted LPS is computed by adding to the weighted average shares the dilutive effect if stock options and warrants were exercised into common stock. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the denominator in the diluted LPS computation is the same as the denominator for basic LPS due to the Company’s net loss which creates an anti-dilutive effect of the warrants and stock options. As of September 30, 2025 the vested stock options available to be exercised totaled
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and revenues and expenses during the period reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates are used when accounting for stock-based transactions, debt transactions, derivative liabilities, expected credit losses, asset depreciation and amortization, impairment expense, among others.
The methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying these most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results of our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Share-Based Compensation Expense
We recognize compensation expense for stock option awards on a straight-line basis over the applicable service period of the award, which is the vesting period. Fair value is determined on the grant date. Share-based compensation expense is based on the grant date fair value estimated using the Black-Scholes Option pricing model.
For stock and stock options issued to consultants and other non-employees for services, the Company measures and records an expense as of the earlier of the date at which either: a commitment for performance by the non-employee has been reached or the non-employee’s performance is complete. The equity instruments are measured at the current fair value, and for stock options, the instruments are measured at fair value using the Black Scholes Option pricing model.
The following methodology and assumptions were used to calculate share-based compensation for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non Plan | 2024 Plan | Non Plan | 2018 Plan | 2024 Plan | ||||||||||||||||
| Risk free interest rate | % | % | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||
| Expected volatility | % | % | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||
| Expected dividend yield | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeiture rate | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Life in years | ||||||||||||||||||||
Expected price volatility is the measure by which our stock price is expected to fluctuate during the expected term of an option. The expected volatility is derived from the historical daily change in the market price of our common stock, as we believe that historical volatility is the best indicator of future volatility.
The risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes calculation is based on the prevailing U.S. Treasury yield as determined by the U.S. Federal Reserve. We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
Warrants
Warrants issued with our convertible and non-convertible debt instruments are accounted for under the fair value and relative fair value method. The warrant is first analyzed per its terms as to whether it has derivative features or not. If the warrant is determined to be a derivative and not qualify for equity treatment, then it is measured at fair value using the Black Scholes Option pricing model and recorded as a liability on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The warrant is re-measured at its then current fair value at each subsequent reporting date (it is “marked-to-market”). If the warrant is determined to not have derivative features, it is recorded into equity at its fair value using the Black Scholes Option pricing model, however, limited to a relative fair value based upon the percentage of its fair value to the total fair value including the fair value of the convertible note. Convertible debt instruments are recorded at fair value, limited to a relative fair value based upon the percentage of its fair value to the total fair value including the fair value of the warrant. The warrant relative fair values are also recorded as a discount to the convertible promissory notes.
Non-Cash Transactions
We determine the value assigned to each intangible we acquire, and/or services or products received for non-cash consideration of our common stock based on the market price of our common stock issued as consideration, at the date of the agreement of each transaction or when the service is rendered or product is received.
Revenue Recognition
We account for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. The guidance focuses on the core principle for revenue recognition, which is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, the guidance provides that an entity should apply the following steps:
Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer.
Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract.
Step 3: Determine the transaction price.
Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.
Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.
The Company’s products are sold through a contract with the customer and a written purchase order, in which the details of the contract are defined including the transaction price and method of shipment. The only performance obligation is to create and ship the product, and each product has separate pricing. Revenue is recognized at a point in time when the goods are shipped if the agreement is FOB manufacturer, and when goods are delivered if FOB destination. Revenue is recognized with a reduction for sales discounts, as appropriate and negotiated in the customer’s purchase order.
Service contracts are performed through a written contract, which specifies the performance obligations and the rate at which the services will be billed, typically by time and materials. Each service is separately negotiated and priced. Revenue is recognized as services are performed and completed, or, for services related to product installations, at the completion of the installation. A few contracts have called for milestone or fixed cost payments, where we invoice an agreed-to amount per month for the life of the contract. In these instances, completed work, billed hourly, is recognized as revenue. If the billing amount is greater or lesser than the completed work, a receivable or payable is created. These accounts are adjusted upon additional billings as the work is completed. To date, there have been no discounts or other financing terms for the contracts.
As we generate revenues from royalties or license fees from our intellectual property, a licensee will pay a license fee in one or more installments and ongoing royalties based on their sales of products incorporating or using our licensed intellectual property. We have entered into a licensing agreement for the CupriDyne Clean product, and we recognize royalty and license fees on a quarterly basis as the product is sold through to third parties and reported to us.
Our Canadian subsidiary had a grant deposit outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, totaling $
Government Grants
We have been awarded multiple research grants from the private and public Canadian research programs. The income we receive directly from grants is recorded as other income. We have been awarded over 90 grants since our first in 2015. Some of the funds from these grants are given directly to third parties (such as the University of Alberta or a third-party research scientist) to support research on our technology. The grants have terms generally ranging between six and eighteen months and support a majority, but not all, of the related research budget costs. This cooperative research allows us to utilize (i) a depth of resources and talent to accomplish highly skilled work, (ii) financial aid to support research and development costs, (iii) independent and credible validation of our technical claims.
The grants typically provide for (i) recurring monthly amounts, (ii) reimbursement of costs for research talent for which we invoice to request payment, and (iii) ancillary cost reimbursement for research talent travel related costs. All awarded grants have specific requirements on how the money is spent, typically to employ researchers. None of the funds may be used for general administrative expenses or overhead in the United States. These grants have substantially increased our level of research and development activities in Canada. We continue to apply for Canadian government and agency grants to fund research and development activities. Not all of our grant applications have been awarded, and no assurance can be made that any pending grant application, or any future grant applications, will be awarded.
Income Taxes
The asset and liability approach is used to recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of asset and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax asset and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
We account for uncertainties in income tax law under a comprehensive model for the financial statement recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns as prescribed by GAAP. Under GAAP, the tax effects of a position are recognized only if it is “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the taxing authority as of the reporting date. If the tax position is not considered “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained, then no benefits of the position are recognized. Management believes there are no unrecognized tax benefits or uncertain tax positions as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
The Company assessed its earnings history, trends and estimates of future earnings and determined that the deferred tax asset could not be realized as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Accordingly, a 100% valuation allowance was recorded against the net deferred tax asset.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense, should such an expense be realized.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Management believes the carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 approximate their respective fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Such instruments consist of cash, accounts receivable, note receivable, accounts payable, and debt obligations. The carrying amount of debt instruments are believed to approximate fair value as the stated interest rates are reflective of the prevailing market rates.
Leases
At inception of a lease contract, we assess whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. Our assessment is based on: (1) whether the contract involves the use of a distinct identified asset, (2) whether we obtain the right to substantially all the economic benefit from the use of the asset throughout the period of the contract, and (3) whether we have the right to direct the use of the asset during such time period. At inception of a lease, we allocate the consideration in the contract to each lease component based on its relative stand-alone price to determine the lease payments. Leases are classified as either finance leases or operating leases. A lease must be classified as a finance lease if any of the following criteria are met: the lease transfers ownership of the asset by the end of the lease term, the lease contains an option to purchase the asset that is reasonably certain to be exercised, the lease term is for a major part of the remaining useful life of the asset or the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset. A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not meet any of these criteria. We have one lease classified as a finance lease. For all leases at the lease commencement date, a right-of-use asset and a lease liability are recognized. The right-of-use asset represents the right to use the leased asset for the lease term. The lease liability represents the present value of the lease payments under the lease. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which primarily comprises the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs incurred, consisting mainly of brokerage commissions, less any lease incentives received. All right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, management estimates the incremental borrowing rate, which currently is estimated to be
Equipment and Leasehold Improvements
Equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from
| September 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||
| Equipment | $ | $ | ||||||
| Leasehold improvements | ||||||||
| Total, at cost | ||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total equipment and leasehold improvements, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Noncontrolling Interest
A noncontrolling interest is defined as the portion of the equity in an entity not attributable, directly or indirectly, to the primary beneficiary. Noncontrolling interests are required to be presented as a separate component of equity on a condensed consolidated balance sheets. Accordingly, the presentation of net loss is modified to present the loss attributed to controlling and non-controlling interests. The noncontrolling interest on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets represents equity not held by the Company. In accordance with ASC 810-10-20, “Noncontrolling Interests” BioLargo consolidates three non-wholly owned subsidiaries - Clyra, BLEST and BETI. Noncontrolling interest of Clyra represents
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” ASU 2023-09 requires disclosure of specific categories in the income tax rate reconciliation and requires additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. The standard requires an annual disclosure of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, disaggregated by federal, state and foreign taxes and to disaggregate the information by jurisdiction based on a quantitative threshold. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on the Company's disclosures.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Expense Disaggregation Disclosures.” ASU 2024-03 requires disclosure to disaggregate prescribed expenses within relevant income statement captions. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the changes to its existing disclosures.
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-05, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets The ASU provides an optional practical expedient for estimating future credit losses based on current conditions as of the balance sheet date and assuming those conditions do not change over the remaining life of the accounts receivable. This standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2026. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU impact on the condensed consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-06, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. The ASU removes references to prescriptive software development stages and includes an updated framework for capitalizing internal software costs. This standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2028. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU’s impact on the condensed consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
Note 3. Sale of Stock for Cash
Lincoln Park Financing
On December 13, 2022, we entered into a stock purchase agreement (the “LPC Purchase Agreement”) with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC ("Lincoln Park"), pursuant to which Lincoln Park agreed to purchase from us at our request up to an aggregate of $
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 we sold
We did not sell any shares of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we sold
Unit Offerings
We did not sell shares of our common stock in Unit Offerings during three nine months ended September 30, 2025.
We did not sell shares of our common stock in Unit Offerings during the three months ended September 30, 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we sold
Note 4. Debt Obligations
The following table summarizes our debt obligations outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands). The table does not include debt obligations of our partially owned subsidiary Clyra Medical (see Note 8, “Debt Obligations of Clyra Medical”).
| September 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||
| Current portion of debt: | ||||||||
| SBA Paycheck Protection Program loan | $ | $ | ||||||
| Vehicle loan, current portion | ||||||||
| Term loan, current portion | ||||||||
| SBA EIDL Loan, matures July 2053, current portion | ||||||||
| Total current portion of debt | $ | $ | ||||||
| Long-term debt: | ||||||||
| Vehicle loan, matures March 2029 | $ | $ | ||||||
| Term loan, matures April 2028 | ||||||||
| SBA EIDL Loan, matures July 2053 | ||||||||
| Total long-term debt, net of current | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded $
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded $
Vehicle loan
On February 7, 2023, we entered a loan agreement with Bank of America for the purchase of a commercial vehicle used in operations totaling $
Term Loan
On April 5, 2025, we entered a term loan agreement with American Express for working capital in the principal amount of $
SBA Program Loans
On June 3, 2020, ONM Environmental received a $
In July 2020, ONM Environmental received an Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) from the SBA in the amount of $
Note 5. Share-Based Compensation
Issuance of Common Stock in exchange for Services
Payment of Officer Salaries
On September 30, 2025, we issued
On September 30, 2024, an officer agreed to convert an aggregate $
Payment of Consultant and Vendor Fees
During the three months ended September 30, 2025, we issued
On September 30, 2024, we issued
All of these offerings and sales were made in reliance on the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(2) of the Securities Exchange Act and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder as not involving a public offering of securities.
Stock Option Expense
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded an aggregate $
2024 Equity Incentive Plan
On June 13, 2024, our stockholders adopted the BioLargo 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (“2024 Plan”) as a means of providing our directors, key employees, and consultants additional incentive to provide services. Both stock options and stock grants may be made under this plan for a period of
Activity for our stock options under the 2024 Plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, is as follows:
| Options outstanding | Weighted average price per share | Weighted average remaining life | Aggregate intrinsic Value(1) | |||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Granted | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2024 | $ | 9.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Unvested | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||
| Vested Balance, September 30, 2024 | $ | 9.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Granted | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Unvested | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||
| Vested balance, September 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
(1) – Aggregate intrinsic value based on closing common stock price of $
The options granted to purchase
As of September 30, 2025, there remains $
The options granted to purchase
Extension of Agreement with Chief Financial Officer
On January 31, 2025, the Engagement Agreement with our Chief Financial Officer Charles K. Dargan, II automatically extended for a one-year period to expire January 31, 2026 (the “2025-26 Term”). As the sole compensation for the 2025-26 Term, Mr. Dargan was issued an option (“Option”) to purchase
On August 13, 2024, we and our Chief Financial Officer Charles K. Dargan, II agreed to extend the term of his engagement agreement dated February 1, 2008 (the “Engagement Agreement”, which had been previously extended multiple times), pursuant to which Mr. Dargan has been and continues to serve as our Chief Financial Officer. The Engagement Extension Agreement dated as August 13, 2024 (the “Engagement Extension Agreement”) expired January 31, 2025 (the “Extended Term”), at which time the agreement will automatically renew for subsequent one-year periods. As the sole compensation for the Extended Term, Mr. Dargan was issued an option (“Option”) to purchase
2018 Equity Incentive Plan
On June 22, 2018, our stockholders adopted the BioLargo 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (“2018 Plan”) as a means of providing our directors, key employees, and consultants additional incentive to provide services. Both stock options and stock grants may be made under this plan for a period of
Activity for our stock options under the 2018 Plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, is as follows:
| Options outstanding | Weighted average price per share | Weighted average remaining life | Aggregate intrinsic Value(1) | |||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Granted | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Exercised | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2024 | $ | 7.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Unvested | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||
| Vested Balance, September 30, 2024 | $ | 6.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Exercised | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Unvested | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||
| Vested balance, September 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
(1) – Aggregate intrinsic value based on closing common stock price of $
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an option holder elected to exercise
As of September 30, 2025, there remains $
The options granted to purchase
2007 Equity Incentive Plan
On September 7, 2007, and as amended April 29, 2011, the BioLargo, Inc. 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (“2007 Plan”) was adopted as a means of providing our directors, key employees and consultants additional incentive to provide services. Both stock options and stock grants may be made under this plan for a period of
Activity for our stock options under the 2007 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:
| Options Outstanding | Weighted average price per share | Weighted average remaining life | Aggregate intrinsic Value(1) | |||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Expired | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2024 | $ | 1.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Expired | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
(1) – Aggregate intrinsic value based on closing common stock price of $
Non-Plan Options
Activity of our non-plan stock options issued for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:
| Non-plan Options outstanding | Weighted average price per share | Weighted average remaining life | Aggregate intrinsic Value(1) | |||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Granted | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Expired | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||
| Exercised | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2024 | $ | 2.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Unvested | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||
| Vested Balance, September 30, 2024 | $ | 2.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Granted | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Expired | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Unvested | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||
| Vested balance, September 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
(1) – Aggregate intrinsic value based on closing common stock price of $
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we issued options to purchase an aggregate
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we issued options to purchase an aggregate
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, investors exercised stock options and we received $
Note 6. Warrants
We have certain warrants outstanding to purchase our common stock, at various prices, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:
| Warrants outstanding | Weighted average price per share | Weighted average remaining life | Aggregate intrinsic value(1) | |||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Granted | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Exercised | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||
| Expired | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||
| Vested Balance, September 30, 2024 | $ | 3.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Expired | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||
| Vested Balance, September 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
(1) – Aggregate intrinsic value based on closing common stock price of $
Warrants issued in Unit Offerings
We did not issue any warrants in conjunction with unit offerings in the nine months ended September 30, 2025.
There were
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, investors exercised warrants to purchase
Warrant Fair Value
We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the relative fair value of warrants issued in conjunction with debt instruments, common stock, and for services. With respect to debt instruments, relative fair value is amortized over the life of the warrant. The principal assumptions we used in applying the Black-Scholes model were as follows:
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Risk free interest rate | % | % | ||||||
| Expected volatility | % | % | ||||||
| Expected dividend yield | ||||||||
| Forfeiture rate | ||||||||
| Expected life in years | — | .5 - 5 | ||||||
The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury yields in effect at the time of grant. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of our common stock. The expected life in years is based on the contract term of the warrant.
Note 7. Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses
As of September 30, 2025, accounts payable and accrued expenses included the following (in thousands):
| Category | BioLargo | ONM | BLEST | BioLargo Canada | BETI | BEST | Intercompany amounts | Totals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued payroll | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2024, accounts payable and accrued expenses included the following (in thousands):
| Category | BioLargo | ONM | BLEST | BioLargo Canada | BETI | BEST | Intercompany amounts | Totals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued payroll | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See Note 8, “Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses”, for the accounts payable and accrued expenses of Clyra Medical.
Note 8. Noncontrolling Interest – Clyra Medical
As discussed in Note 2 above, we consolidate the operations of our partially owned subsidiary Clyra Medical.
Debt Obligations of Clyra Medical
Secured Promissory Notes
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, Clyra issued secured promissory notes in the aggregate amount of $
Convertible Promissory Notes
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, Clyra issued convertible promissory notes in the aggregate amount of $
Guaranteed Note Offering
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, Clyra issued the convertible promissory notes in the aggregate amount of $
The Black-Scholes model is used to calculate the initial fair value of the warrants issued as part of the Clyra Medical debt obligations, we used a stock price on the date of grant of $
Line of Credit
On June 30, 2020, Clyra Medical entered into a Revolving Line of Credit Agreement whereby Vernal Bay Capital Group, LLC ("Vernal") committed to provide a $
Equity Transactions
As of September 30, 2025, Clyra had
BioLargo Conversion of Intercompany Balances
In June 2024, BioLargo converted $
Sales of Series B Preferred Stock
In an offering that closed in October 2025, Clyra sold
Sales of Common Stock
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, Clyra sold
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, Clyra sold
Common Stock issued for services
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, Clyra issued
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, Clyra issued
Warrant issued for accounts payable
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, Clyra issued a warrant to purchase
Warrant Holder Unit Offering
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, Clyra allowed existing warrant holders to purchase up to two times the number of warrants they held at their current exercise price and receive, in addition to the shares exercised, an additional warrant equal the number of shares purchased with an exercise price is $
Sales of Series A Preferred Stock
In an offering that closed in October 2023, Clyra sold
Clyra Stock Options
| Clyra Options Outstanding | Weighted average price per share | Weighted average remaining life | ||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | |||||||||||
| Granted | $ | |||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2024 | $ | 6.4 | ||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||||||
| Granted | $ | |||||||||||
| Balance, September 30, 2025 | $ | |||||||||||
| Unvested | $ | |||||||||||
| Vested Balance, September 30, 2025 | $ | |||||||||||
Clyra issues options to its employees and consultants in lieu of compensation owed on a regular basis. The fair value of the options issued totaled $
As of September 30, 2025, there remains $
| September 30, 2025 | September 30, 2024 | |||||||
| Risk free interest rate | % | % | ||||||
| Expected volatility | % | 43 - 49 | % | |||||
| Expected dividend yield | ||||||||
| Forfeiture rate | ||||||||
| Expected life in years | ||||||||
Clyra Warrants
| Clyra Warrants Outstanding | Weighted average price per share | Weighted average remaining life | ||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | |||||||||||
| Granted | $ | |||||||||||
| Vested Balance, September 30, 2024 | $ | 2.2 | ||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||||||
| Granted | $ | |||||||||||
| Exercised | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||
| Vested Balance, September 30, 2025 | $ | |||||||||||
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses
At September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, Clyra had the following accounts payable and accrued expenses (in thousands):
| Category | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued dividend | ||||||||
| Accrued payroll | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
Sale and leaseback of equipment
On December 4, 2024, Clyra entered into an agreement whereby it sold and leased back certain equipment to be used in the manufacturing of its wound irrigation solution. Clyra received $
| Year ending | ||||
| December 31, 2025 | $ | |||
| December 31, 2026 | ||||
| December 31, 2027 | ||||
| December 31, 2028 | ||||
| Total minimum lease payments | $ | |||
| Less imputed interest | ( | ) | ||
| Total finance lease liabilities | $ |
Note 9. BioLargo Engineering, Science and Technologies, LLC
In September 2017, we commenced a full-service environmental engineering firm and formed a Tennessee entity named BioLargo Engineering, Science & Technologies, LLC (“BLEST”). In conjunction with the start of this subsidiary, we entered into an office lease in the Knoxville, Tennessee area, and entered into employment agreements with six scientists and engineers. BLEST was capitalized with two classes of membership units: Class A,
Note 10. BioLargo Energy Technologies, Inc.
BioLargo Energy Technologies, Inc. (“BETI”) was formed for the purpose of commercializing a proprietary liquid sodium battery technology. BioLargo purchased
During the three months ended September 30, 2025, BETI sold
During the three months ended September 30, 2025, an investor elected to exchange
As of September 30, 2025, BETI had
Note 11. Business Segment Information
BioLargo has six operating business segments, plus its corporate entity which is responsible for general corporate operations, including administrative functions, finance, human resources, marketing, legal, etc. The operational business segments are:
| 1. | ONM Environmental -- which sells odor and volatile organic control products and services, located in Westminster, California; |
| 2. | Clyra Medical Technologies (“Clyra Medical”) -- which develops and sells medical products based on our technologies, located in Tampa, Florida; |
| 3. | BioLargo Engineering (BLEST) -- which provides professional engineering services on a time and materials basis for outside clients and supports our internal operations as needed, located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee; |
| 4. | BioLargo Canada, Inc. (“Canada”) – the main hub of our scientists researching and developing our technologies, operating out of the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; |
| 5. | BioLargo Energy Technologies, Inc. (“BETI”) – which is developing our proprietary battery technology; and |
| 6. | BioLargo Equipment Solutions & Technologies, Inc. (“BEST”) – which manages the sales and distribution of our water treatment products and related services. |
Other than ONM Environmental, none of our operating business units have operated at a profit, and therefore have required additional cash to meet its monthly expenses, except for Clyra Medical primarily funded through BioLargo’s sales of debt or equity, research grants, and tax credits. BETI and Clyra Medical have also been funded by third party investors who invest directly in exchange for equity ownership in that entity.
The segment information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, is as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| Revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| ONM Environmental | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| BLEST | ||||||||||||||||
| BioLargo Canada | ||||||||||||||||
| Intersegment revenue | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Stock option expense | ||||||||||||||||
| BioLargo corporate | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Clyra Medical | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Total | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Depreciation expense | ||||||||||||||||
| BioLargo corporate | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| ONM Environmental | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| BLEST | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Clyra Medical | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| BETI | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Research and development expense | ||||||||||||||||
| BioLargo corporate | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| BLEST | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| BETI | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| BioLargo Canada | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Clyra Medical | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Intersegment R&D | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Operating income (loss) | ||||||||||||||||
| BioLargo corporate | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| ONM Environmental | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| BLEST | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| BETI | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| BEST | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| BioLargo Canada | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Clyra Medical | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Total | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Interest income (expense) | ||||||||||||||||
| BioLargo corporate | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| ONM Environmental | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| BLEST | ||||||||||||||||
| Clyra Medical | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Total | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| As of September 30, 2025 | BioLargo | ONM | BLEST | CLYRA | BETI | BEST | BioLargo Canada | Elimination | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tangible assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease right-of use | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Finance lease right-of-use | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in South Korean joint venture | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2024 | BioLargo | ONM | BLEST | CLYRA | BETI | BEST | BioLargo Canada | Elimination | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tangible assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease right-of use | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Finance lease right-of-use | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in South Korean joint venture | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note 12. Leases
Office Leases
We have long-term operating leases for office, industrial and laboratory space in Westminster, California, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Alberta, Canada. Payments made under operating leases are charged to the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the operating lease agreement. Short-term leases less than one-year are not included in our analysis. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, rental expense totaled $
Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable leases, reconciled to the Company’s discounted operating lease liabilities are as follows:
| BioLargo | ||||||||||||||||
| Year ending | Corp / ONM | CLYRA | BLEST | Total | ||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| December 31, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2027 | ||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2028 | ||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2029 | ||||||||||||||||
| Thereafter | ||||||||||||||||
| Total minimum lease payments | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Less imputed interest | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report and report the following.
Stock Issuances
Subsequent to September 30, 2025, we have sold
Clyra Medical Financing Activities
Subsequent to September 30, 2025, Clyra Medical issued
Legal Proceedings
On November 11, 2025, BioLargo Inc. and ONM Environmental Inc. filed a lawsuit against Pooph Inc. (and related party Ikigai Marketing Works LLC) in the United States District Court, Central District of California, case number 8:25-cv-02516, alleging patent infringement (35 U.S.C. 271), false advertising (15 U.S.C. 1125), and state law claims including breach of contract, false promise, unfair and fraudulent business practices, and constructive fraud. In the suit, we seek (i) an order that the defendants have infringed on our patents, an injunction enjoining defendants from further infringing on our patents, and accounting for defendants' gains and profits; (ii) an order that defendants have violated Section 43(a) of the Lanham Act, an injunction preventing defendants from using product reviews based on our proprietary technology with their newly formulated products, and an accounting and damages for these violations; (iii) compensatory damages for unpaid royalties of $1,667,292; (iv) compensatory damages for unpaid product purchased from ONM Environmental of $
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including statements regarding BioLargo’s capital needs, business plans and expectations. Such forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties regarding BioLargo’s ability to carry out its planned development and production of products. Forward-looking statements are made, without limitation, in relation to BioLargo’s operating plans, BioLargo’s liquidity and financial condition, availability of funds, operating and exploration costs and the market in which BioLargo competes. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “expect”, “plan”, “intend”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “predict”, “potential” or “continue”, the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. Actual events or results may differ materially. In evaluating these statements, you should consider various factors, including the risks outlined in our Form most recent annual report on Form 10-K, and, from time to time, in other reports BioLargo files with the SEC. These factors may cause BioLargo’s actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statement. BioLargo disclaims any obligation to publicly update these statements, or disclose any difference between its actual results and those reflected in these statements. The information constitutes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Given these uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
Unless otherwise expressly stated herein, all statements, including forward-looking statements, set forth in this Form 10-Q are as of September 30, 2025, unless expressly stated otherwise, and we undertake no duty to update this information.
When we refer in this report to “BioLargo,” the “Company,” “our Company,” “we,” “us” and “our,” we mean BioLargo, Inc., and our subsidiaries, including BioLargo Life Technologies, Inc., which holds our intellectual property; ONM Environmental, Inc., which manufactures, markets, sells and distributes our odor and volatile organic compound ("VOC") control products; BioLargo Energy Technologies, Inc. (“BETI”), formed to commercialize our proprietary battery technology; BioLargo Canada, Inc., our primary research and development team operating in Edmonton, Alberta Canada; BioLargo Engineering, Science & Technologies, LLC (“BLEST”), a professional engineering services division in Oak Ridge Tennessee; BioLargo Equipment Solutions & Technologies, Inc., which sells our water treatment products; BioLargo Development Corp., which employs and provides benefits to our employees; and Clyra Medical Technologies, Inc. (“Clyra Medical”), which commercializes our technologies in the medical and dental fields. All subsidiaries are wholly owned, except for BETI, BLEST and Clyra Medical.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this report.
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Our Business - Innovator and Solution Provider
BioLargo is in the business of creating new cleantech technologies to solve tough, globally relevant problems. We invent, develop, then commercialize technologies that tackle difficult challenges in air quality, water, environmental engineering, battery energy storage, and advanced antimicrobial medical device platforms. Our model is to invent new technologies that solve specific problems, develop them and prove they work, and then commercialize them with purpose-suited subsidiaries, identify and secure the right partnerships to increase their commercial reach, or potentially sell the intellectual property.
Why do we do this work? Every member of our team – including PhD scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs – has a passion for seeking new, never-before-seen innovations that can make life better around the world. We care about safeguarding the environment and human health for future generations. We care about making technologies that are affordable and flexible enough to be accessed around the world. And we care about being the best at what we do – creating best-in-class technologies to solve meaningful cleantech challenges.
Some of our areas of focus include environmental problems like PFAS contamination, water pollution by pharmaceuticals and micropollutants, air pollution by VOCs, hard-to-treat odors from landfills and sewage plants, infection and wound healing and the creation of energy storage systems that are more affordable, efficient, safer and environmentally friendly.
Below you’ll read about the cleantech ventures and projects we are focused on commercialization today. Behind those, however, is a pipeline of other cleantech innovations in various stages of development associated with our expansive array of issued and pending patents, and that have been funded in part by over 90 government grants.
We operate our business in distinct business segments:
| ● |
Odor and VOC control products, including consumer pet and household products and CupriDyne Clean Industrial Odor Eliminator, sold by our subsidiary ONM Environmental, Inc.; |
| ● |
Water treatment equipment and solutions, including our PFAS remediation system the Aqueous Electrostatic Concentrator (AEC), our water reuse and recycling technology co-developed with Garratt-Callahan called AROS, and sold by our subsidiary BioLargo Equipment Solutions & Technologies, Inc.; |
| ● |
Battery energy storage systems designed for grid-scale energy storage and other industrial uses under the brand name CellinityTM being developed by our partially owned (96%) subsidiary BioLargo Energy Technologies, Inc.; |
| ● |
Medical products based on our technologies sold by our partially owned (48%) subsidiary Clyra Medical Technologies, Inc.; |
| ● |
Our professional engineering services division, which, in addition to serving outside clients on a fee for service basis, supports our internal business units, through our partially owned (74%) subsidiary BioLargo Engineering, Science & Technologies, LLC ("BLEST"); |
| ● |
Our research and support personnel, through our wholly-owned subsidiary BioLargo Canada, Inc., located on campus at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. |
Odor Control (Consumer and Industrial)
ONM Environmental, Inc. ("ONM") is BioLargo’s wholly-owned subsidiary that delivers robust and comprehensive products and services to control and mitigate odor and VOCs for both consumer and industrial applications. Its flagship product – CupriDyne® Clean – is applied to odor-emitting masses such as landfills and composting facilities by misting systems, sprayers, water trucks and similar water delivery systems designed, manufactured and installed by ONM. It is also sold to third parties under private label brands.
Consumer Private-Label Products
We sell privately labeled odor-control products based on our technologies to third parties who market and sell the products under their own brand names. The most successful thus far has been pet odor control products sold under the brand name "Pooph" by Pooph Inc. In addition to purchasing product from us at an agreed-upon manufacturing margin, Pooph Inc. agreed to pay us a six percent royalty on their sales in exchange for exclusive rights to our technology for pet odors, and agreed that if they sold their brand to a third party, we would receive 20% of the exit value. Pooph defaulted on their payments, we revoked their license to sell pet products with our technology, and sued Pooph for patent infringement and other claims in order to protect our intellectual property. (See subheading "Credit Loss Expense, Pooph Litigation" in Results of Operations, below.)
We are focused on redeploying its technology with new partners that share our commitment to quality, transparency, and integrity, and expand the reach of our proven odor-control technology into new markets, providing consumers with safe, effective, and environmentally friendly products. We do not expect the Pooph litigation to affect our other business units or growth strategy. The success of the pet-odor consumer products is an example of our goal to develop distribution channels that do not rely on our in-house sales and distribution infrastructure. While Pooph is by far the company’s most successful private label product thus far, we sell other private label odor-control products and continue to pursue related business opportunities as a means of tapping into new markets.
Industrial Odor and VOC Solutions
We believe CupriDyne® Clean is the number-one performing industrial odor-control product in the market, and that it offers substantial savings to our customers compared with competing products. We have been and expect to continue selling product to municipalities and some of the largest solid waste handling companies in the country to help control odors emitted from waste handling and sanitation sites. ONM Environmental offers a menu of services to landfills, transfer stations, wastewater treatment facilities as well as facilities in non-waste related industries. These services include engineering design, construction, installation, ongoing maintenance and on-site support services to assist our clients in the implementation and continued use of the various systems that deliver our liquid products in the field (such as misting systems). A significant portion of industrial odor control product and service revenue comes from ongoing contracts with cities and counties in Southern California, where ONM has installed comprehensive odor control systems to mitigate nuisance odors emitted from municipal waste handling and sanitation sites.
BioLargo Equipment Solutions & Technologies – Innovative Water Treatment Solutions
Over the years, we have developed multiple innovative technologies and equipment platforms that focus on challenging issues in the water treatment industry, including the AEC (developed to remove per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, aka "PFAS"), and the AROS water reuse technology (for industrial cooling tower water recycling such as in data centers, co-developed with Garratt-Callahan). We sell these products through our wholly-owned subsidiary BioLargo Equipment Solutions & Technologies, Inc. (“BEST”), which manages the sales and distribution of our water treatment products and related services.
BLEST's board of directors includes Jeffrey Kightlinger, former CEO of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Sally Gutierrez, retired career senior executive from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Larry Dick, former Vice Chairman of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California and board member of the Municipal Water District of Orange County. Each brings their significant and distinctive experience from decades in the water industry to BEST’s board to help the company create the necessary regulatory and industry connections that will be critical for its efforts to secure larger and more high-profile projects for its PFAS treatment and other water treatment technologies. These board members have been instrumental in efforts to raise awareness of our innovative treatment solutions within the water industry and EPA.
Securing sales in the water and wastewater industry is a very technically intensive process and can be long and arduous. The entirety of the sales cycle can be lengthy, in some cases even taking many months or, in the case of very large projects, multiple years. A typical sales timeline for a municipal drinking water or wastewater customer, from introduction to signing the contract for a full-scale install, usually requires feasibility studies, on-site pilot projects, budget approvals, State regulatory approvals, and more. Industrial clients may have a shorter sales cycles but are under pressure to ensure that the Return on Investment (ROI) fits into company standards, so their reviews can also be lengthy. For any water treatment project, the process is also very engineering-intensive, and therefore the staff required to secure contracts for water treatment projects need to be engineers, in most cases. In our company, BLEST’s engineers fill this role.
AEC, a solution for the PFAS “forever-chemicals” crisis
One of the most significant and timely innovations in our portfolio is our per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) water remediation system the Aqueous Electrostatic Concentrator (AEC), a novel water treatment system that removes PFAS from water at a lower operating cost while generating only a fraction of the PFAS-laden waste of the most common currently used solutions (carbon filtration, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis). PFAS are a group of man-made chemicals used for decades in the manufacture of both household and industrial goods, which have been detected in drinking water around the world. PFAS are a concern because they do not break down in the environment, can move through soil and contaminate drinking water sources, and build up (bioaccumulate) in fish, wildlife and humans. PFAS chemicals have been linked to cancer, immune disorders, liver dysfunction, and many other human health problems. Detection of unsafe levels of PFAS around the world has given rise to a number of market opportunities for treatment and remediation technologies, including in drinking water, industrial wastewater, municipal wastewater, solid waste, organic foods and more.
We have successfully validated the AEC as an effective system to selectively extract and collect PFAS chemicals from contaminated water, including performance testing that shows “non-detect” levels of removal, which meets new EPA standards. We have demonstrated more than 10,000 hours of continuous operation showing no materially significant degradation of the AEC system’s components or performance over time, and believe the costs to operate our system will be far less than that of the two primary incumbent technologies.
As a modular system, we believe the AEC is scalable to small commercial units used in smaller remediation projects for groundwater, wastewater, or landfill leachate, as well as large commercial installations of drinking water treatment facilities, and we believe that our engineering team has the experience to deliver systems to meet the needs of any sized commercial installation. In order to provide a full turn-key solution for our customers, we have developed an expanded offering whereby we can bundle a service package with each customer project that includes a membrane exchange program, the collection of PFAS, and transport and destruction of the PFAS using a novel “electrooxidation” process which our studies have shown is capable of reaching non-detect levels of PFAS after treating AEC-concentrated PFAS containing water, wastewater, or even landfill leachate (the contaminant-laden water that drains from landfills).
Our strategy to market our PFAS treatment technology and related engineering services is as follows: 1) focus on demonstrating our technology’s efficacy in first demonstration projects, trials, and early customer deployments with the understanding that this early success can be leveraged to secure larger and more numerous subsequent projects, 2) market our PFAS expertise and our technology by presenting at industry events and conferences around the country, cultivating our status as “thought leaders” in the space, 3) use our network of manufacturer’s representatives and channel selling partners to maximize the number of potential opportunities with early adopters, and 4) engage in discussions with credible distribution partners at established water treatment technology companies. Part and parcel to our strategy, we are in the early stages of developing a collaboration with the US EPA to have our AEC technology validated through a rigorous third-party pilot study whereby our technology would be operated and analyzed by EPA staff to a high degree of technical scrutiny. Such third-party validation could significantly facilitate market adoption of the AEC by effectively de-risking the technology for customers.
The AEC’s commercial roll-out is being executed with the help of a network of sales representative organizations whose role will be to market and sell the treatment system, related equipment, and the Company’s engineering services to municipal and industrial customers across the country. We have secured channel partner agreements with several sales representative organizations ensuring coverage for most of the continental United States. The AEC for our PFAS project in New Jersey has been built and is ready for delivery and installation, now waiting on the completion of other supporting infrastructure. We believe the New Jersey project will represent a key milestone for the commercialization of the AEC, as we believe industry validation of the technology in a first municipal drinking water treatment project will play an important role in showcasing the AEC’s distinct advantages over incumbent technologies like carbon filtration and ion exchange. As we progress through the commercial rollout of our AEC technology, we continue to invest in innovation aimed at enhancing its commercial viability. These efforts are focused on improving system performance, reducing lifecycle costs, and strengthening the AEC’s competitive economic position within the PFAS treatment market. We remain committed to delivering scalable, cost-effective solutions that align with evolving regulatory requirements and market demand.
We believe we are well-positioned in the PFAS-removal market for multiple reasons. We have successfully completed over a dozen pilot studies with prospective customers’ PFAS contaminated water from a variety of source waters including groundwater, wastewater and leachate; we have successfully maintained operation of our AEC PFAS treatment system for over 10,000 hours continuously, thus demonstrating its resilience to long-term use; we have submitted bids and proposals and have received indications of interest from a wide range of customer types; we have added several high-profile experts from the industry to our team who are assisting in opening doors to potential clients and collaborators; we have entered into discussions about partnership and opportunities for collaboration with industry-leading firms who have a gap in their PFAS treatment technology portfolio. While these opportunities do not convert into commercial sales overnight, but they represent strong avenues for accelerating adoption of our PFAS treatment solution.
AROS Minimal Liquid Discharge Water Treatment
In partnership with Garratt-Callahan, one of the country’s oldest and largest privately held water treatment companies, our engineers developed a “minimal liquid discharge” wastewater treatment system called the Aqueous Reuse Optimization System (AROS) that is designed to minimize industrial wastewater discharges and thus the associated regulatory fees. The system is particularly well-suited for cooling towers at data centers and other high-water-use facilities. Garratt-Callahan, who invented and patented the technology, is actively marketing the AROS system to its existing customer base and to new prospective customers. BLEST will serve as the manufacturing partner and Garratt-Callahan will serve as the selling distributor to leverage their national sales force and over one hundred years of providing services and products to customers.
Advanced Oxidation System (AOS)
The Advanced Oxidation water treatment system (AOS) is our patented water treatment device that generates highly oxidative and energetic species of iodine and other molecules which allow it to eliminate pathogenic organisms and organic contaminants rapidly and effectively as water passes through the device. The key value proposition of the AOS is its ability to reduce or eliminate a wide variety of waterborne contaminants with high performance, including the normally hard-to-treat class of recalcitrant water contaminants called “micropollutants”, while using very little electricity and input chemicals. The AOS has been proven capable of removing hard-to-treat organic micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals from water more quickly and energy-efficiently than other technologies. While the AOS has demonstrated exceptional performance in both laboratory and pilot-scale testing, current U.S. regulatory frameworks have not yet matured to support broad adoption of advanced oxidation technologies for micropollutant removal. Additionally, the domestic market remains dominated by low-cost chemical disinfection solutions. In light of these market conditions, we have elected to pause daily development activities on the AOS in the near term. However, we continue to monitor evolving regulatory trends in the U.S. and are exploring the possibility of international commercialization opportunities, particularly in Europe where regulatory mandates for micropollutant removal are more advanced. Our business development efforts remain focused on strategic partnerships in the European market and on domestic industrial and pharmaceutical wastewater applications where micropollutants are a significant driver of surcharge fee.
BioLargo Energy Technologies, Inc.
Our subsidiary BioLargo Energy Technologies, Inc. (“BETI”) was founded to commercialize a novel battery technology with the potential to help facilitate the ongoing shift toward renewable energy production by providing a safer, longer lasting, more eco-friendly, and more affordable alternative to lithium-ion batteries. Designed for long duration energy storage, also known as "battery energy storage solutions" (BESS), our battery, called Cellinity™, uses a novel “liquid sodium” chemistry that uses common domestically sourced materials, and which has significant advantages over other battery chemistries for use in stationary, long-duration energy storage.
BETI operates out of a pilot-scale battery production facility in our Oak Ridge Tennessee engineering headquarters, and is currently manufacturing and testing prototype battery cells. A third party has confirmed many of the technology's exceptional performance claims that we believe will make it an attractive battery technology for long duration energy storage and other industrial uses such as artificial intelligence data centers, electric vehicle charging stations, and renewal energy, including the stability of the chemistry of the battery cell and the reliability of the component construction as a sealed, non-venting cell design with no self-discharging, and the battery's ability to quickly charge and discharge at a high voltage. It has also been proven that the battery can withstand catastrophic physical insults without causing fire or explosion, one of the battery’s key features. With this data confirmed by a third party, our engineers have begun work advancing Cellinity's development, including the design of a larger sized battery cell that would then be incorporated into battery packs, modules and batteries meant for industrial facilities. Simultaneously, our engineers are working to develop manufacturing processes that would allow scale production and a supply chain necessary to ensure costs of goods in line with market demand and conditions.
| ● |
Increased safety, no runaway fire risks, and a more sustainable design – with no rare-earth elements – that is capable of being manufactured completely from a domestic supply chain; |
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Ability to charge and discharge completely, with no degradation of performance, ensuring virtually unlimited charge/discharge cycles, and without self-discharge and no out-gassing; and |
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Increased energy efficiency and energy density, and expected useful life expectancy of up to 20 years or more. |
We are exploring multiple opportunities to commercialize our Cellinity batteries through joint ventures with third parties. The third parties would finance the construction of independent battery manufacturing facilities designed and built under the direction of our engineers, and the joint venture would market, manufacture and distribute batteries. BioLargo would (i) receive a minority equity position in each joint venture, (ii) separately manufacture and sell at a profit to the joint venture certain proprietary battery components, and (iii) receive a royalty on the revenues of the joint venture.
Given the global growing demand for better batteries, and, while we are witnessing a number of current examples in which battery manufacturers have secured forward-contracts to supply batteries to its customers with backlogs of orders that amount to multiple years of production capacity, we believe our offer to partner with customers to secure needed inventory provides for a clear potential pathway to access capital, and more readily scale up production to meet demand around the world. At this point, we do not intend to finance and build our own manufacturing facilities, nor would we develop in-house sales channels, although that possibility remains an option to explore if needed.
Clyra Medical Technologies, Inc.
Our partially owned subsidiary Clyra Medical Technologies, Inc. is a healthcare company that is developing and commercializing products based on our technologies designed to safely treat wound and skin infections and promote wound healing, while reducing the need for antibiotics. Clyra is working closely with a medical device and cosmetics manufacturer founded over 50 years ago, Keystone Industries, to ready at-scale manufacturing. Keystone has invested over $3 million in equipment and infrastructure in its manufacturing facilities. Clyra has invested over $2 million in molds, equipment and resources to support scale manufacturing. Clyra has recently formalized relationships with multiple wholesale distributors and sales agents, and has the infrastructure in place to support their efforts to sell Clyra’s products to the medical industry. Clyra’s management team includes Chief Medical Officer Dr. Steven J. Kavros, a twenty-year veteran of the Mayo Clinic in roles such as Director at the Rochester Mayo Clinic’s Gonda Vascular Wound Healing Center, Nick Valeriani, who enjoyed a 34-year career with Johnson and Johnson where he held numerous leadership positions in engineering, manufacturing, sales and marketing, and Linda Park of Edwards Lifesciences, where she serves as Corporate Secretary, Senior Vice President and Associate General Counsel, and as a board member of the Edwards Lifesciences Foundation.
Full Service Environmental Engineering
BioLargo Engineering, Science & Technologies, LLC (“BLEST”) offers full service environmental engineering to third parties and provides engineering support services to our internal teams to accelerate the commercialization of our technologies.
BLEST focuses its efforts in three areas:
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providing engineering services to third-party clients as well as affiliated BioLargo entities; |
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supporting internal product development; and |
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advancing their own technical innovations such as the AEC PFAS treatment technology and the Cellinity battery energy storage system. |
BLEST operates out of an engineering facility in Oak Ridge, Tennessee (a suburb of Knoxville), and employs a group of scientists and engineers, many of whom are owners of the entity (BioLargo owns 74% as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024). The team is led by Randall Moore, who served as Manager of Operations for Consulting and Engineering for the Knoxville office of CB&I Environmental & Infrastructure and was formerly a leader at The Shaw Group, Inc., a Fortune 500 global engineering firm. Many of the other team members are also former employees of CB&I and Shaw, with the exception of more recent staff hires. The team is highly experienced across multiple industries and we believe are considered experts in their respective fields, including: chemical engineering, wastewater treatment (including design, operations, data gathering and data evaluation), process safety, energy efficiency, air pollution, design and control, technology evaluation, technology integration, air quality management & testing, engineering management, permitting, industrial hygiene, applied research and development, air testing, environmental permitting, HAZOP review, chemical processing, thermal design, computational fluid dynamics, mechanical engineering, mechanical design, NEPDES permitting, RCRA/TSCA compliance and permitting, project management, storm water design & permitting, computer assisted design (CAD), bench chemistry, continuous emission monitoring system operator, data handling and evaluation and decommissioning and decontamination of radiological and chemical contaminated facilities. The team has decades of high-level experience in the energy industry. The engineering team has also developed an extended network of trusted engineering subcontractors that assist in serving specific client projects as needed.
BLEST engineers generate revenue through services to third party clients, as well as for internal BioLargo projects such as the AEC and battery (revenues from internal projects are eliminated in the consolidation of our financial statements and are designed “intersegment revenue”). Third party contracts include ongoing work at U.S. Air Force bases for air quality control which generate ongoing contract-based revenue of approximately $100,000 per month. Efforts to expand this work as well as with other clients are consistently ongoing.
The staff time devoted to supporting the AEC (PFAS) and battery related work is demanding, and, BLEST needs to hire more qualified staff to meet and expanding demand for our growing list of customers and/or expected customers. When we combine the demands of current revenue generating projects and expected growth, we are presented with an obvious challenge to manage quality, timely performance as well as access to qualified staff. We are working carefully to find balance to help ensure we meet the demands of both in a practical customer centric and capital conserving way. It may be for example, when we secure larger and larger contracts for PFAS or Garrett Callan related work, we will need to depend heavily on our contact manufactures to meet the customer demands in the near term as we scale up our infrastructure and work force capabilities.
Results of Operations
Our revenues decreased 75% and 49% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared with the same periods in 2024, primarily due to a decreased volume of sales of our pet odor control product private labeled to a third party under the brand name “Pooph” (see discussion of related litigation in Part I, Item 2, above). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, revenues from sales to Pooph comprised 35% and 64% of our consolidated revenue; compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, it comprised 74% and 76% of our consolidated revenue. Our financial statements separate revenue based on products and services. Revenues from the sale of products for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, decreased 80% and 58% over the same periods in 2024. Revenues from services for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, decreased 21% and 116% over the same periods in 2024.
Credit Loss Expense, Pooph Litigation
On June 6, 2025, ONM Environmental entered into an amendment to the Preferred Master Manufacturing Agreement with Ikigai Holdings, LLC and Pooph Inc. to allow Pooph Inc. to pay past due amounts of $1,378,141 in royalties and $2,385,468 on product invoices through a weekly payment plan bearing 10% interest and maturing July 3, 2026 (the “PMMA Amendment”). This amount was recorded on our balance sheet at June 30, 2025, as a note receivable. The PMMA Amendment also modified payment and invoicing terms on existing and future product purchase orders, and allowed BioLargo to withhold product if the payment terms were not met. On August 5, 2025, Pooph Inc. delivered a royalty report due for the second quarter of 2025, but did not pay the $463,520 in royalties due. On August 15, 2025, it failed to make the weekly payment required pursuant to the PMMA Amendment, and has not made a payment since. On September 19, 2025, Pooph Inc. disclosed that it had been working independently on developing a new formula for Pooph-branded products to replace BioLargo's formula, and that it was terminating the Preferred Master Manufacturing Agreement, citing our refusal to deliver products. On September 24, 2025, BioLargo and ONM delivered notice to Pooph that the grant of license was immediately revoked due to Pooph’s failure to pay royalties, and that it was terminating the License Agreement in its entirety with 150 days’ notice. The notice further advised that Pooph is not allowed to market or sell products that incorporate, use, or are based on, in whole or in part, BioLargo’s patents and proprietary information, including but not limited to know-how, disclosed to Pooph, and that absent reinstatement of the grant of license, Pooph must immediately stop marketing and selling any such products in its possession, custody or control (or sold through market portals or platforms such as Amazon).
On November 11, 2025, we (BioLargo Inc. and ONM Environmental Inc.) filed a lawsuit against Pooph Inc. (and related party Ikigai Marketing Works LLC) in the United States District Court, Central District of California, case number 8:25-cv-02516, alleging patent infringement (35 U.S.C. 271), false advertising (15 U.S.C. 1125), and state law claims including breach of contract, false promise, unfair and fraudulent business practices, and constructive fraud. In the suit, we seek (i) an order that the defendants have infringed on our patents, an injunction enjoining defendants from further infringing on our patents, and accounting for defendants' gains and profits; (ii) an order that defendants have violated Section 43(a) of the Lanham Act, an injunction preventing defendants from using product reviews based on our proprietary technology with their newly formulated products, and an accounting and damages for these violations; (iii) compensatory damages for unpaid royalties of $1,667,292; (iv) compensatory damages for unpaid product purchased from ONM Environmental of $2,154,110, (v) compensatory damages in an amount according to proof for false promises and unfair and fraudulent business practices; (vi) treble and/or exemplary damages; and (vii) costs and attorneys fees. Also on November 11, 2025, Pooph Inc. served ONM Environmental with a lawsuit venued in the Orange County, California Superior Court filed September 11, 2025, case number 30-2025-01511009, alleging ONM Environmental breached the terms of, and the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing of, the Preferred Master Manufacturing Agreement, seeking damages in an amount to be determined, as well as unjust enrichment, interest, and attorneys fees and costs, arising out of the manufacture and sale of the Pooph-branded products, including the Litterizer cat-litter additive, and ONM Environmental's refusal to full purchase orders while Pooph Inc. was in breach of contract for failure to pay past due monies. ONM Environmental disputes the allegations and intends to vigorously defend the lawsuit. While the outcomes of the lawsuits are uncertain, management believes that the resolutions of these proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. However, adverse outcomes could materially impact future financial results.
During the three months ended September 30, 2025, BioLargo management determined that the note receivable and accounts receivable owed by Pooph Inc. were fully impaired, resulting in a $3,849,000 credit loss expense recorded on our condensed consolidated statement of operations, which reduced operating income and current assets by that amount.
ONM Environmental
Our wholly-owned subsidiary ONM Environmental generates revenues through (i) sales of our flagship product CupriDyne Clean to industry, including related design, installation, and maintenance services on the systems that deliver CupriDyne Clean at its clients’ facilities, and (ii) sales of private-label products to third parties, including the Pooph branded pet odor control product.
Revenue (ONM Environmental)
ONM Environmental’s revenues decreased 80% and 55% (to $776,000 and $5,583,000) in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared with the same periods in 2024. The decrease in revenues was almost entirely due to a decrease in the volume of sales of our pet odor product private labeled to a third party under the brand name "Pooph". Because the Pooph brand is owned and marketed by a third party, ONM Environmental has no control over its marketing and sales activity. We expect annual revenues for the year ending December 30, 2025, to decrease as compared with 2024.
Cost of Goods Sold (ONM Environmental)
ONM Environmental’s cost of goods sold includes costs of raw materials, contract manufacturing, and portions of depreciation, salaries and expenses related to the manufacturing and installation of its products. As a percentage of revenue, ONM Environmental’s costs of goods for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, were 54% and 51% a decrease of 1% and 3%, compared to the same periods in 2024. The decrease in cost of goods is due to the change in revenue concentration across product lines.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense (ONM Environmental)
ONM Environmental’s selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A") increased 8%during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared with the same periods in 2024. The increase is due to increases in salaries, professional fees and insurance expense.
Operating Income (ONM Environmental)
ONM Environmental generated operating loss of $3,807,000 and $2,026,000 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to operating income of $1,382,000 and $4,668,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The operating loss is primarily due to the decrease in sales volume of Pooph branded products, which has declined in the 2025 periods, the credit loss expense for uncollectible account receivables totaling $603,000, and the note receivable credit loss expense totaling $3,283,000.
BLEST (engineering)
Revenue (BLEST)
Excluding intersegment revenue, our engineering segment's revenues decreased 34% (to $327,000) in the three months ended September 30, 2025, as compared with the same period in 2024, and decreased 7% (to 1,565,000) in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared with the same period in 2024. The decrease in revenues in the three-month period is due to the timing of recognition of revenue (and related deferred revenue recognition) related to its product sales and its fixed fee contracts at U.S. Air Force bases.
In addition to providing services to third party clients, BLEST provides services for internal BioLargo projects. These services are billed internally, are considered intersegment revenue, and are eliminated in the consolidation of our financial statements. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, intersegment revenue for BLEST totaled $123,000 and $515,000, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, intersegment revenue for BLEST totaled $326,000. and $754,000. The decrease in intersegment revenue is due to a reduced level of liquidity to allocate to the development of the BioLargo technology.
Cost of Revenues (BLEST)
BLEST’s cost of revenues includes employee labor, subcontracted costs and material costs. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, costs were 95% and 66% of revenues, versus 100% and 74% in the same periods in 2024. The decrease is related to efficiencies on fixed fee contracts, compared to product sales, which had more direct costs, attributed to the AEC project in Lake Stockholm New Jersey.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense (BLEST)
BLEST’s SG&A expenses were $198,000 and $752,000 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $218,000 and $659,000 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in the nine-month period is due to the hiring of additional employees in 2025.
Operating Loss (BLEST)
BLEST generated an operating loss of $403,000 and $763,000 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to an operating loss of $375,000 and $1,067,000 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The operating losses are reflective of the focus at BLEST on advancing internal BioLargo projects such as the Cellinity battery and AEC water treatment system. Our condensed consolidated financial statements eliminate intersegment revenues.
Clyra Medical
Clyra Medical has not yet begun commercial sales of its products and thus did not generate revenues in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 or 2024. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, it incurred total costs and expenses of $1,483,000 and $4,063,000, which included $231,000 and $795,000 in research and development expenses. In the same periods in 2024, total costs and expenses were $857,000 and $2,019,000, which included $291,000 and $512,000 in research and development expenses. The increases in costs and expenses are primarily related to stock option expense recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses and also an increase in product development cost. Although Clyra Medical is working to generate revenue through product sales to multiple distributors, management is not yet in a position to disclose when first sales will commence.
BETI
BioLargo Energy Technologies, Inc. (BETI) is developing our Cellinity battery, and has not generated generate revenue. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, it incurred total costs and expenses of $128,000 and $346,000, which included $47,000 and $161,000 in research and development expenses. In the same periods in 2024, total costs and expenses were $194,000, and $575,000, which included $133,000 and $346,000 in research and development expenses. We are focused on recruiting business partners to facilitate capital investment and are unable to predict when BETI will generate revenue.
BEST
BioLargo Equipment, Sciences and Technologies, Inc. (BEST) was formed in 2024 to commercialize BioLargo's proprietary water treatment equipment, including its PFAS removal device the AEC. As the first AEC sale occurred prior to the Company's formation, and the sales cycle for advanced water treatment systems is long, BEST has not yet generated revenues. We intend future water treatment projects to be contracted through BEST. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, it incurred $83,000 and $208,000 of total expenses. In the same periods in 2024, it incurred $59,000 and $174,000 in total expenses primarily related to sales and marketing activities.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense – consolidated
Our SG&A expenses include both cash (for example, salaries to employees) and non-cash expenses (for example, stock option compensation expense). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 consolidated SG&A increased 48% and 24% (to $3,088,000 and $8,339,000). The largest components of our SG&A expenses included (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
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| September 30, 2025 |
September 30, 2024 |
September 30, 2025 |
September 30, 2024 |
|||||||||||||
| Salaries and payroll related |
$ | 1,376 | $ | 701 | $ | 3,575 | $ | 2,206 | ||||||||
| Professional fees |
131 | 236 | 616 | 729 | ||||||||||||
| Consulting |
586 | 259 | 1,342 | 1,124 | ||||||||||||
| Office expense |
524 | 441 | 1,428 | 1,217 | ||||||||||||
| Rent expense |
104 | 92 | 350 | 268 | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation expense |
33 | 39 | 109 | 111 | ||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing |
136 | 152 | 400 | 389 | ||||||||||||
| Investor relations |
135 | 102 | 280 | 432 | ||||||||||||
| Board of director expense |
63 | 71 | 239 | 244 | ||||||||||||
| Total Selling, General & Administrative |
$ | 3,088 | $ | 2,093 | $ | 8,339 | $ | 6,720 | ||||||||
In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, our non-cash expenses from the issuance of stock and stock options totaled $844,000 and $1,951,000 compared to $337,000 and $1,629,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. Our non-cash expenses are related to stock option issuances for previously issued stock options that expired during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. and 2024. The substantial majority of this stock option expense is recorded in employee salaries and consulting expense. Salaries and payroll related expense increased due to the addition of new employees; companywide, there are 42 full time employees as of the date of this report. Professional fees increased in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, due to increased corporate activity related to new private securities offerings for BioLargo and Clyra, and other organizational needs that required professionals. Office expense increased due to an increase in insurance related costs. Investor relation expense decreased due to fewer trade show and investor events.
Research and Development
In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we spent $615,000 and $1,934,000 in the research and development of our technologies and products. This was a decrease of 11% and 8% as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease is primarily due to the timing of project work and available working capital.
Interest expense
Our interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, was $144,000 and $352,000 compared to interest income of $(13,000) and interest expense totaling $34,000 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase of interest expense is related to the increase of Clyra Medical debt obligations.
Other Income and Expense
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we had $6,000 of grant income, compared to $15,000 of grant income for the same periods in 2024. Grant income is primarily generated through our wholly owned Canadian subsidiary. The research grants received are considered reimbursement grants related to costs we incur and therefore are included as Other Income. Grant funds paid directly to third parties are not included as income in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Net Loss
Net loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, was $7,244,000 and $11,047,000 a loss of $ (0.02) and $ (0.03) per share, compared to a net loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, of $1,060,000 and $2,615,000 a loss of $ (0.002) and $ (0.005) per share. Our net loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, increased because of the decrease in ONM Environmental revenue and the $3,849,000 credit loss expense associated with a note receivable (see also discussion of recent litigation in Part I, Item 2 above).
The net income (loss) per business segment is as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
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| September 30, 2025 |
September 30, 2024 |
September 30, 2025 |
September 30, 2024 |
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| BioLargo corporate |
$ | (1,169 | ) | (801 | ) | $ | (3,025 | ) | $ | (3,171 | ) | |||||
| ONM |
(3,764 | ) | 1,395 | (1,936 | ) | 4,684 | ||||||||||
| Clyra Medical |
(1,608 | ) | (866 | ) | (4,385 | ) | (2,041 | ) | ||||||||
| BLEST |
(388 | ) | (375 | ) | (748 | ) | (970 | ) | ||||||||
| BETI |
(128 | ) | (194 | ) | (346 | ) | (575 | ) | ||||||||
| BEST |
(83 | ) | (59 | ) | (208 | ) | (174 | ) | ||||||||
| BioLargo Canada |
(104 | ) | (160 | ) | (399 | ) | (368 | ) | ||||||||
| Net loss |
$ | (7,244 | ) | (1,060 | ) | (11,047 | ) | (2,615 | ) | |||||||
Liquidity and Capital Resources
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we generated revenues of $7,148,000, had a net loss of $11,047,000, of which $3,849,000 was a credit loss expense resulting from a customer's contractual defaults and which is the subject of litigation (see "Credit Loss Expense, Pooph Litigation", above), used $6,707,000 net cash in operating activities, and received $7,269,000 net cash from financing activities. As of September 30, 2025, we had current assets of $5,775,000, including $4,546,000 cash and cash equivalents. As of September 30, 2025, we had current liabilities of $3,451,000, and working capital of $2,324,000. We do not believe gross profits in the year ending December 31, 2025, will be sufficient to fund our current level of operations for the reminder of the year, and therefore expect we will continue to be limited in terms of our capital resources, and therefore expect to continue to need further investment capital to fund our business plans and investments in our new technologies. The foregoing factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, unless we are able to increase revenues, generate cash from operations, and/or generate cash from financing activities. If we are unable to raise additional cash through gross profits or financing activities, management may choose to curtail portions of our operations. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our discussion and analysis of our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources are based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, valuation of offerings of debt with equity or derivative features which include the valuation of the warrant component, any beneficial conversion feature and potential derivative treatment, and share-based payments. We base our estimates on anticipated results and trends and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. By their nature, estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Actual results that differ from our estimates could have a significant adverse effect on our operating results and financial position.
Our significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements are described in (i) in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q, Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and (ii) in the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, and “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in Part II, Item 7. There have been no material changes to the Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates since the filing of its Form 10-K.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
We conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended – the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this Report. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2025, which were identified in connection with management’s evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
Our procedures have been designed to ensure that the information relating to our company, including our consolidated subsidiaries, required to be disclosed in our SEC reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. However, our Company is continuing to grow and evolve, as our product and services sales continues to grow, and as we diversify our clients to include municipalities, increasing strain on our accounting systems. These activities put stress on our overall controls and procedures. We do not yet have the resources to implement the more sophisticated control systems used by larger companies. Although we have made some improvements, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, as of the evaluation date, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective, due to the material weakness identified below.
It should be noted that the design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and the chief financial officer, we have established internal control procedures in accordance with the guidelines established in the 2013 Framework —Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Management evaluated the effectiveness of our internal controls, and concluded that due to our limited financial and personnel resources, the fact that we operate our business in three distinct locations in the U.S. and Canada, and the lack of sophisticated reporting systems, we continue to have a material weakness in our internal controls with respect to the closing our financial statements. Until the Company has the financial resources to implement more robust automated systems, or to hire additional dedicated accounting personnel, we expect this material weakness to continue.
Our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting, or any system we design or implement in the future, will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
On November 11, 2025, BioLargo Inc. and ONM Environmental Inc. filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court against Pooph Inc. and Ikigai Marketing Works LLC. Also on November 11, 2025, ONM Environmental was served with a lawsuit filed in the Orange County Superior Court by Pooph Inc. See the discussion in Part I, Item 2, above, under the subheading "Credit Loss Expense, Pooph Litigation", which is incorporated by this reference as though fully set forth herein.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 5. Other Information
During the three months ended September 30, 2025, we sold 4,222,467 shares of our common stock to Lincoln Park, and received $764,000 in gross and net proceeds. See Part I, Item 1, Note 3. Subsequent to September 30, 2025, through November 12, 2025, we sold 2,309,974 shares of our common stock to Lincoln Park, and received $358,000 in gross and net proceeds.
Item 6. Exhibits
See the Exhibit Index for a list of exhibits filed as part of this report and incorporated herein by reference.
Exhibit Index
| Incorporated by Reference Herein |
|||
| Exhibit Number |
Exhibit Description |
Form |
File Date |
| 3.1 |
Amended and Restated Bylaws |
Form 10-KSB |
5/23/2003 |
| 3.2 |
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation for BioLargo, Inc. filed March 16, 2007 |
Form 10-KSB |
5/4/2007 |
| 3.3 |
Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation, filed May 25, 2018 |
Pos Am |
6/22/2018 |
| 3.4 |
Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation, filed August 30, 2022 |
Form 10-Q |
11/14/2022 |
| 4.1 |
BioLargo, Inc. 2007 Equity Incentive Plan |
Form 10-QSB |
11/19/2007 |
| 4.2 |
Amendment No. 1 to BioLargo 2007 Equity Incentive Plan |
Def 14C (Exhibit A) |
5/2/2011 |
| 4.3 |
Form of Stock Options issued in exchange for reduction in accounts payable. |
Form 10-K |
3/31/2015 |
| 4.4 |
2018 Equity Incentive Plan |
Form S-8 |
6/22/2018 |
| 4.5 |
2024 Equity Incentive Plan | Form POS AM |
4/18/2025 |
| 4.6 |
Revolving Line of Credit Agreement dated June 30, 2020, between Clyra Medical and Vernal Bay |
Form 8-K |
7/7/2020 |
| 4.7 |
Security Agreement dated June 30, 2020, between Clyra Medical and Vernal Bay |
Form 8-K |
7/7/2020 |
| 4.8 |
Revolving Line of Credit Note issued by Clyra Medical to Vernal Bay on June 30, 2020 |
Form 8-K |
7/7/2020 |
| 4.9 |
Warrant issued in BioLargo Unit Offerings (through January 16, 2024) |
Form 10-Q |
8/14/2020 |
| 10.1 | BioLargo license to Clyra Medical Technologies, Inc., dated March 1, 2024 | Form 10-K | April 1, 2024 |
| 10.2 | Clyra Medical Technologies, Inc. license to BioLargo dated March 1, 2024 | Form 10-K | April 1, 2024 |
| 10.3 |
Form of indemnity agreement between the Company at its officers and directors |
Form 10-K |
3/31/2023 |
| 10.4 |
Commercial Office Lease Agreement for 14921 Chestnut St., Westminster, CA 92683 |
Form 8-K |
8/24/2016 |
| 10.5† |
Employment Agreement with Dennis P. Calvert dated May 2, 2017. |
Form 8-K |
5/4/2017 |
| 10.6† |
Lock-Up Agreement with Dennis P. Calvert dated April 30, 2017 |
Form 8-K |
5/4/2017 |
| 10.7 |
Commercial Office Lease Agreement for Oak Ridge Tennessee |
Form 8-K |
9/8/2017 |
| 10.8 |
Form of Employment Agreement for Engineering Subsidiary |
Form 8-K |
9/8/2017 |
| 10.9 |
Form of Option issued to founding employees of Engineering subsidiary (BLEST) |
Form 8-K |
9/8/2017 |
| 10.10† |
Employment Agreement with Joseph L. Provenzano dated May 28, 2019 |
Form 8-K |
6/24/2019 |
| 10.11 |
Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2022, by and between BioLargo, Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC |
Form 8-K |
12/19/2022 |
| 10.12 |
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2022, by and between BioLargo, Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC |
Form 8-K |
12/19/2022 |
| 10.13† |
2023 Engagement Extension Agreement with CFO |
Form 8-K |
3/27/2023 |
| 10.14 |
Form of Share Exchange Agreement between BioLargo, Inc., and purchasers of Clyra Medical Series A Preferred Stock |
Form 10-Q |
5/17/2023 |
| 10.15 |
Form of Share Exchange Agreement between BioLargo, Inc., and purchasers of BioLargo Energy Technologies, Inc. common stock |
Form 10-Q |
5/17/2023 |
| 10.16† | 2024 Engagement Extension Agreement with CFO | Form 10-Q | 8/15/2024 |
| 10.17 | License Agreement between BioLargo, Inc., and Ikigai Holdings, LLC, dated May 17, 2021 | Form 10-Q | 8/14/2025 |
| 10.18 | First amendment to License Agreement between BioLargo, Inc., and Ikigai Holdings, LLC, dated August 16, 2021 | Form 10-Q | 8/14/2025 |
| 10.19 | Preferred Master Manufacturing Agreement between ONM Environmental, Inc., and Ikigai Holdings, LLC, dated July 9, 2021 | Form 10-Q | 8/14/2025 |
| 10.20 | First amendment to Preferred Master Manufacturing Agreement between ONM Environmental, Inc., and Ikigai Holdings, LLC, dated June 6, 2025 | Form 10-Q | 8/14/2025 |
| 31.1* |
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and Rules 13(a)-14 and 15(d)-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
filed herewith |
|
| 31.2* |
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and Rules 13(a)-14 and 15(d)-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
filed herewith |
|
| 32* |
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 |
filed herewith |
|
| 101.INS** |
Inline XBRL Instance |
||
| 101.SCH** |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema |
||
| 101.CAL** |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation |
||
| 101.DEF** |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition |
||
| 101.LAB** |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels |
||
| 101.PRE** |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation |
||
| 104 |
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101) |
* Filed herewith
** Furnished herewith
† Management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| Date: November 14, 2025 |
BIOLARGO, INC.
By: /s/ DENNIS P. CALVERT |
|
| Dennis P. Calvert Chief Executive Officer |
||
| Date: November 14, 2025 |
By: /s/ CHARLES K. DARGAN, II |
|
| Chief Financial Officer |
FAQ
What were BLGO’s Q3 2025 results?
Did BioLargo (BLGO) issue a going concern warning?
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What is BLGO’s cash position and working capital?
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What were BLGO’s nine‑month cash flows?
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