| (a) | This statement is being filed by one or more of the following persons: GGCP, Inc. (GGCP), GGCP Holdings LLC (GGCP Holdings), GAMCO Investors, Inc. (GBL), Associated Capital Group, Inc. (AC), Gabelli Funds, LLC (Gabelli Funds), GAMCO Asset Management Inc. (GAMCO), Teton Advisors, LLC (Teton Advisors), Keeley-Teton Advisors, LLC (Keeley-Teton), Gabelli & Company Investment Advisers, Inc. (GCIA), Morgan Group Holding Co., (MGH), G.research, LLC (G.research), MJG Associates, Inc. (MJG Associates), Gabelli Securities International (Bermuda) Limited (GSIL), Gabelli Foundation, Inc. (Foundation), Mario Gabelli, LICT and CIBL. Those of the foregoing persons signing this Schedule 13D are hereinafter referred to as the Reporting Persons. |
| (b) | GAMCO is a New York corporation and GBL and MGH are Delaware corporations, each having its principal business office at One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580. GGCP is a Wyoming corporation and AC and GCIA are Delaware corporations each having its principal business office 191 Mason Street, Greenwich, CT 06830. GGCP Holdings is a Delaware limited liability corporation having its principal business office at 191 Mason Street, Greenwich, CT 06830. G.research is a Delaware limited liability company having its principal officers at One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580. Gabelli Funds is a New York limited liability company having its principal business office at One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580. Teton Advisors is a Delaware limited liability company having its principal place of business at 189 Mason Street, Greenwich, CT 06830. Keeley-Teton Advisors is a Delaware limited liability company having its principal place of business at 141 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, IL 60604. MJG Associates is a Connecticut corporation having its principal business office at 191 Mason Street, Greenwich, CT 06830. The Foundation is a Nevada corporation having its principal offices at 165 West Liberty Street, Reno, Nevada 89501. LICT is a Delaware corporation having its principal place of business as 401 Theodore Fremd Avenue, Rye, New York 10580. CIBL, Inc. is a Delaware corporation having its principal place of business as 165 West Liberty Street, Suite 220, Reno, NV 89501. |
| (c) | GGCP makes investments for its own account and is the manager and a member of GGCP Holdings which is the controlling shareholder of GBL and AC. GBL, a public company whose stock is quoted on the OTCQX platform, is the parent company for a variety of companies engaged in the securities business, including certain of those named below. AC, a public company listed on the New York Stock Exchange, is the parent company for a variety of companies engaged in the securities business, including certain of those listed below.
GAMCO, a wholly-owned subsidiary of GBL, is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (Advisers Act). GAMCO is an investment manager providing discretionary managed account services for employee benefit plans, private investors, endowments, foundations and others.
GCIA, a wholly owned subsidiary of AC, is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act and serves as a general partner or investment manager to limited partnerships and offshore investment companies and other accounts. As a part of its business, GCIA may purchase or sell securities for its own account. GCIA or its relying advisers, act as a general partner or investment manager of a number of funds or partnerships, including Gabelli Associates Fund, L.P., Gabelli Associates Fund II, L.P., Gabelli Associates Limited, Gabelli Associates Limited II E, Gabelli Intermediate Credit Fund L.P., GAMA Select Plus Master Fund, Ltd., GAMCO Medical Opportunities L.P., and Gabelli Multimedia Partners, L.P.
G.research is a wholly owned subsidiary of MGH. G.research, is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (1934 Act), which may as a part of its business purchase and sell securities for its own account.
Gabelli Funds, a wholly owned subsidiary of GBL, is a limited liability company. Gabelli Funds is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act which provides advisory services for The Gabelli Equity Trust Inc., The Gabelli Asset Fund, The Gabelli Growth Fund, The Gabelli Convertible and Income Securities Fund Inc., The Gabelli Value 25 Fund Inc., The Gabelli Small Cap Growth Fund, The Gabelli Equity Income Fund, The Gabelli ABC Fund, The Gabelli Global Content & Connectivity Fund, The Gabelli Gold Fund, Inc., The Gabelli Multimedia Trust Inc., The Gabelli Global Rising Income & Dividend Fund, The Gabelli Capital Asset Fund, The Gabelli International Growth Fund, Inc., The Gabelli Global Growth Fund, The Gabelli Utility Trust, The Gabelli Utilities Fund, The Gabelli Dividend Growth Fund, The Gabelli Focused Growth and Income Fund, The Comstock Capital Value Fund, The Gabelli Dividend and Income Trust, The Gabelli Global Utility & Income Trust, The GAMCO Global Gold, Natural Resources, & Income Trust, The GAMCO Natural Resources, Gold & Income Trust, The GDL Fund, Gabelli Enterprise Mergers & Acquisitions Fund, The Gabelli ESG Fund, Inc., The Gabelli International Small Cap Fund, The Gabelli Healthcare & Wellness Rx Trust, The Gabelli Global Small and Mid Cap Value Trust, Gabelli Merger Plus+ Trust Plc, The Gabelli Global Financial Services Fund, The Gabelli Global Mini Mites Fund, The Gabelli Media Mogul Fund, The Gabelli Pet Parents Fund, The Gabelli U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund, Bancroft Fund Ltd. and Ellsworth Growth & Income Fund Ltd., Gabelli Growth Innovators ETF, Gabelli Love Our Planet & People ETF, Gabelli Automation ETF, Gabelli Commercial Aerospace & Defense ETF, Gabelli Financial Services Opportunities ETF (collectively, the Funds), which are registered investment companies. Gabelli Funds is also the investment adviser to The GAMCO International SICAV (sub-funds GAMCO Merger Arbitrage and GAMCO All Cap Value), a UCITS III vehicle.
Teton Advisors, an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act, provides discretionary advisory services to The TETON Westwood Mighty Mitessm Fund, The TETON Convertible Securities Fund, The Teton Westwood Balanced Fund, and The TETON Westwood Equity Fund. The TETON Westwood Mighty Mites Fund and the Teton Convertible Securities Fund are subadvised by Gabelli Funds, and their holdings are included in this filing.
Keeley-Teton, an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act, provides discretionary advisory services to The Teton Westwood Smallcap Equity Fund, The Keeley Small Cap Dividend Value Fund, The Keeley Small-Mid Cap Value Fund, and The Keeley Mid Cap Dividend Value Fund, as well as to institutional and individual clients.
MJG Associates provides advisory services to private investment partnerships and offshore funds. Mario Gabelli is the sole shareholder, director and employee of MJG Associates. MJG Associates is the Investment Manager of Gabelli International Limited and Gabelli Fund, LDC. Mario J. Gabelli is the general partner of Gabelli Performance Partnership, LP.
The Foundation is a private foundation. Mario Gabelli is the Chairman, a Trustee and the Investment Manager of the Foundation. Elisa M. Wilson is the President of the Foundation.
LICT is a holding company with operating subsidiaries engaged primarily in the rural telephone industry. LICT actively pursues new business ventures and acquisitions. LICT makes investments in marketable securities to preserve capital and maintain liquidity for financing their business activities and acquisitions and are not engaged in the business of investing, or trading in securities. Mario J. Gabelli is the Chief Executive Officer, a director, and substantial shareholder of LICT.
CIBL is a holding company with interest in telecommunications operations, primarily in the rural telephone industry. CIBL actively pursues new business ventures and acquisitions. CIBL makes investments in marketable securities to preserve capital and maintain liquidity for financing their business activities and acquisitions and are not engaged in the business of investing, or trading in securities. Mario J. Gabelli is a director, and substantial shareholder of CIBL.
Mario Gabelli is the controlling stockholder, co-Chief Executive Officer and a director of GGCP and Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of GBL. He is the Executive Chairman of AC. Mario Gabelli is also a member of GGCP Holdings. Mario Gabelli is the controlling shareholder of MGH and indirectly of Teton Advisors and Keeley-Teton Advisors.
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