[F-3] iClick Interactive Asia Group Limited Foreign Issuer Shelf Registration

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

Amber International Holding Limited, trading as AMBR (formerly iClick Interactive Asia Group Limited), has filed a US$500 million shelf registration statement (Form F-3). The filing enables the company to issue Class A ordinary shares/ADSs (each ADS = 5 shares), preferred shares, warrants, subscription rights and units on a continuous or delayed basis.

Business profile. Amber operates “Amber Premium,” a digital-asset wealth-management platform that offers structured products, DeFi yield solutions, collateralised lending, execution services (2,000+ trading pairs across 100+ venues) and crypto-to-fiat payment solutions. The firm is a Cayman Islands holding company; operations run through subsidiaries in Hong Kong, Singapore and Dubai.

Recent corporate actions. • Completed reverse-merger with iClick on 12 Mar 2025; ticker changed to AMBR on 13 Mar 2025. • Transitioned accounting standard to IFRS. • Upsized US$100 m crypto-ecosystem reserve. • Closed US$25.5 m private placement (7 Jul 2025). • Filed to change Amber DWM fiscal year-end to 31 Dec.

Dual-class structure. Class B ordinary shares carry 30 votes versus 1 vote for Class A; Class B automatically converts to Class A upon transfer to non-affiliates.

Key Q1 2025 unaudited results (IFRS).

• Revenue: US$14.94 m (Q1 2024: US$1.01 m; +1,378%).
• Gross margin: 73.7% (45.9%).
• Operating income: US$0.83 m (loss US$0.89 m).
• Net income: US$0.92 m (loss US$11.87 m).

Growth was driven by consolidation of WFTL Assigned Contracts and expanding demand for Amber Premium’s products.

Capitalisation (31 Dec 2024). Total assets US$129.8 m; total liabilities US$100.0 m (including US$71.5 m liabilities due to customers); equity US$29.8 m.

Principal risks. • Regulatory uncertainty: PRC and Hong Kong oversight of crypto activities could affect operations, listings and capital flows. • Heavy current liabilities vs equity. • Dependence on subsidiaries for cash remittances and dividend upstreaming. • Potential dilution and control issues from shelf offering and 30-vote Class B shares.

Use of proceeds (generic): general corporate purposes; specifics to be disclosed in future supplements.

Positive

• Revenue surged 1,378% YoY to US$14.9 m, signalling rapid market adoption of Amber Premium services.
• Returned to profitability with US$0.9 m net income versus US$11.9 m loss prior year.
• High gross margin of 73.7% demonstrates pricing power and scalable platform.
• US$500 m shelf registration provides flexible, low-latency access to capital for growth initiatives.

Negative

• Shelf registration may dilute existing shareholders if equity is issued below intrinsic value.
• Regulatory overhang in mainland China and Hong Kong could jeopardize operations and listing status.
• Dual-class structure (30 votes per Class B share) entrenches insider control and limits governance rights.
• Balance-sheet risk: US$71.5 m liabilities due to customers dwarf equity base of US$29.8 m.

Insights

Financial Analyst

TL;DR – Strong revenue turnaround, high margins; shelf gives flexibility but signals possible dilution.

Earnings momentum. Q1 2025 revenue jumped 14-fold to US$14.9 m and flipped to a net profit of US$0.9 m. Gross margin expanded to 73.7%, indicating solid unit economics for Amber Premium’s structured products and OTC execution services.

Capital needs. The US$500 m shelf offers ample fire-power for product expansion or acquisitions, but any equity issuance at US$8.60 ADS price (~US$586 m market cap) could be dilutive if not earnings-accretive. Management previously raised US$25.5 m privately, hinting at incremental funding strategy.

Balance-sheet view. Equity of US$29.8 m versus US$100 m liabilities (71% customer funds) suggests leverage is operational rather than debt-driven; however, liquidity management of crypto liabilities is crucial.

Valuation impact. Short-term neutral: profitability is positive, but shelf registration alone doesn’t change cash flows until securities are issued. Long-term upside depends on disciplined capital deployment.

Regulatory Risk Analyst

TL;DR – Structure faces geopolitical crypto risk; dual-class voting entrenches insiders.

The filing reiterates that Amber is a Cayman holding company reliant on Hong Kong, Singapore and Dubai subsidiaries. Although management states PRC rules “currently” have no material impact, future data-security or anti-money-laundering enforcement could disrupt cross-border capital flows and delist U.S. securities. Similar scrutiny applied to other offshore crypto platforms underscores this threat.

Dual-class shares (30:1) combine with prospective equity issuance to concentrate control while diluting public investors—an additional governance flag for institutional holders.

Given crypto sector volatility and evolving regulation, the shelf’s flexibility is a risk-mitigation tool for the company but not inherently shareholder-friendly.

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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 2025

Registration No. 333-     ​

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM F-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Amber International Holding Limited
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

​ Cayman Islands (State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)​ ​ ​ Not Applicable (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) ​

Amber International Holding Limited

1 Wallich Street
#30-02 Guoco Tower
Singapore 078881
(65) 6022 0228

(Address and telephone number of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

Cogency Global Inc.
122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor
New York, N.Y. 10168
+1 (800) 221-0102

(Name, address, and telephone number for agent for service)

Copy to:

Shuang Zhao, Esq.
Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP
c/o 37th Floor, Hysan Place
500 Hennessy Road
Causeway Bay, Hong Kong
+852 2532-3783

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.C. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.C. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.

Emerging growth company ☐​

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

The registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the SEC, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

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The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 7, 2025

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

Amber International Holding Limited

Class A Ordinary Shares
Preferred Shares
Subscription Rights
Warrants
Units

We may offer and sell Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.001 per share, including American depositary shares, or ADSs, each representing five (5) Class A ordinary shares, preferred shares, subscription rights, warrants or units in any combination from time to time in one or more offerings, at prices and on terms described in one or more supplements to this prospectus. The aggregate initial offering price of the securities that we may offer and sell under this prospectus will not exceed US$500,000,000.

Each time we sell securities, we will provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the offering and the terms of the securities. The supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided in connection with a specific offering. You should read this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus as well as documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus before you invest in any of our securities.

We may sell the securities independently or together with any other securities registered hereunder to or through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers, or through a combination of these methods, on a continuous or delayed basis. See “Plan of Distribution.” If any underwriters, dealers or agents are involved in the sale of any of the securities, their names, and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangements between or among them, will be set forth, or will be calculable from the information set forth, in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Our ADSs are listed on the NASDAQ Global Market and are traded under the ticker symbol “AMBR.” On July 3, 2025, the closing price of the ADSs was US$8.60 per ADS.

Our ordinary shares consist of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. In respect of matters requiring the votes of shareholders, holders of Class A ordinary shares are entitled to one vote per share, while holders of Class B ordinary shares are entitled to 30 votes per share based on our dual-class share structure. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof, while Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. Upon any transfer of Class B ordinary shares by a holder thereof to any person or entity which is not an affiliate of such holder, such Class B ordinary shares shall be automatically and immediately converted into the equal number of Class A ordinary shares. See “Description of Share Capital.”

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Please carefully consider the risks discussed in this prospectus under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 8 and the “Risk Factors” in “Item 3: Key Information —  Risk Factors” of our most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F incorporated by reference in this prospectus and in any applicable prospectus supplement for a discussion of the factors you should consider carefully before deciding to purchase these securities.

Amber International Holding Limited is not an operating company but a Cayman Islands holding company. We conduct our operations primarily through our subsidiaries. As a result, our ability to pay dividends depends upon dividends paid by our subsidiaries. If our subsidiaries or any newly formed subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing their debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends to us. In addition, our wholly-owned subsidiaries are permitted to pay dividends to us only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with the accounting standards and regulations of Hong Kong, Singapore, Dubai and the PRC. In addition, PRC regulatory authorities could disallow this holding company structure and limit or hinder our ability to conduct our business through, receive dividends or distributions from, or transfer funds to, the operating companies or list on a U.S. or other foreign exchange, which could cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless. See “Our Company — Our Corporate Structure.”

As we do not have any material operations in mainland China, the PRC laws and regulations do not currently have any material impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. However, in the event that we or our Hong Kong subsidiaries were to become subject to PRC laws and regulations, we could incur material costs to ensure compliance, and we or our Hong Kong subsidiaries might be subject

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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

to fines, experience devaluation of securities or delisting, no longer be permitted to conduct offerings to foreign investors, and/or no longer be permitted to continue business operations as presently conduct. Additionally, the legal and operational risks associated in mainland China may also apply to operations in Hong Kong, and we face the risks and uncertainties associated with the complex and evolving PRC laws and regulations and as to whether and how the recent PRC government statements and regulatory developments, such as those relating to data and cyberspace security, and anti-monopoly concerns, would be applicable to companies such as our operating entities in Hong Kong, given our operations in Hong Kong and the Chinese government may exercise significant oversight over the business in Hong Kong. These risks could result in material changes in our operations and/or the value of the securities we are registering for sale or could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. For more details, see “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — Other Risks Related to Our Business — The regulatory environment in Hong Kong and mainland China is complex and evolving, and changes in the economic, political or social conditions or government policies of Hong Kong or mainland China could have an adverse effect on our business and operation” in our annual report on Form 20-F for fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell any securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state or other foreign securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is           , 2025

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​	ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS	​	​	​	​	1	​	​
​	INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE	​	​	​	​	2	​	​
​	FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS	​	​	​	​	4	​	​
​	OUR COMPANY	​	​	​	​	5	​	​
​	RISK FACTORS	​	​	​	​	8	​	​
​	CAPITALIZATION	​	​	​	​	9	​	​
​	USE OF PROCEEDS	​	​	​	​	10	​	​
​	DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES	​	​	​	​	11	​	​
​	DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL	​	​	​	​	12	​	​
​	DESCRIPTION OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES	​	​	​	​	22	​	​
​	DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED SHARES	​	​	​	​	34	​	​
​	DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS	​	​	​	​	35	​	​
​	DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS	​	​	​	​	36	​	​
​	DESCRIPTION OF UNITS	​	​	​	​	37	​	​
​	PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION	​	​	​	​	38	​	​
​	TAXATION	​	​	​	​	41	​	​
​	EXPENSES RELATED TO THE OFFERING	​	​	​	​	42	​	​
​	ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES	​	​	​	​	43	​	​
​	LEGAL MATTERS	​	​	​	​	46	​	​
​	EXPERTS	​	​	​	​	47	​	​
​	WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION	​	​	​	​	48	​	​

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

Before you invest in any of our securities, you should carefully read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, together with the additional information described in the sections entitled “Where You Can Find More Information About Us” and “Incorporation of Documents by Reference” in this prospectus.

In this prospectus, unless otherwise indicated or unless the context otherwise requires:

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“ADSs” refers to our American depositary shares. One ADS represents five Class A ordinary shares;

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“Amber Group” refers to Amber Global Limited, Amber International Holding Limited’s shareholder and strategic partner;

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“Amber DWM” refers to Amber DWM Holding Limited, a subsidiary of the Company.

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“Amber Premium” is the brand name under which Amber International Holding Limited operates its institutional crypto financial services and solutions business. Amber Premium’s business comprises Wealth Management Solutions, Execution Solutions, and Payment Solutions.

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“blockchain” refers to a cryptographically secure digital ledger that maintains a record of all transactions that occur on the network and follows a consensus protocol for confirming new blocks to be added to the blockchain;

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“China” or “PRC” refers to the People’s Republic of China, including mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau and, only for the purpose of this annual report, excluding Taiwan; the only instances in which “China” or “the PRC” do not include Hong Kong or Macau are when used in the case of laws and regulations, including, among others, tax matters, adopted by the People’s Republic of China; the legal and operational risks associated with operating in China also apply to our operations in Hong Kong;

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“crypto” refers to any cryptography-based market, system, application, or decentralized network;

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“DeFi” refers to “Decentralized Finance,” referring to a peer-to-peer software-based network of protocols that can be used to facilitate traditional financial services like borrowing, lending, trading derivatives, insurance and more through smart contracts;

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“Group” means the Company and its consolidated entities;

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“HK$” or “Hong Kong dollars” refers to the legal currency of Hong Kong;

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“ordinary shares” refer to our Class A and Class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.001 per share;

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“RMB” or “Renminbi” refers to the legal currency of China;

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“we,” “us,” “our company,” “our,” “the Company”, means, Amber International Holding Limited, which was known as iClick Interactive Asia Group Limited (“iClick”) prior to the consummation of the Merger. Amber International Holding Limited (“Amber International”) is a Cayman Islands holding company with no operations of its own and conducts its business through its subsidiaries.

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“$,” “US$,” “dollars” or “U.S. dollars” refers to the legal currency of the United States;

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This prospectus is part of a Registration Statement on Form F-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell our securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of US$500,000,000. This prospectus does not contain all the information set forth in the registration statement, certain parts of which are omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, you should refer to the registration statement and its exhibits for further information about us and our securities. Copies of the registration statement and its exhibits are on file with the SEC. Statements contained in this prospectus concerning the documents we have filed with the SEC are not intended to be comprehensive, and in each instance, we refer you to a copy of the actual document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement or otherwise filed with the SEC.

Each time we offer our securities, we will provide you with a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific amounts, prices, and terms of the securities we offer. The prospectus supplement may also add,

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update, or change information contained in this prospectus. This prospectus, together with applicable prospectus supplements and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any prospectus supplements, includes all material information relating to this offering. Please read carefully both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional information described below under “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Documents by Reference.”

This prospectus does not contain all of the information provided in the registration statement that we filed with the SEC. For further information about us or our securities, you should refer to that registration statement, which you can obtain from the SEC as described below under “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Documents by Reference.”

You should rely only on the information incorporated by reference or provided in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement. “Incorporated by reference” means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, our securities only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. We are not making, nor will we make, an offer to sell securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus and any supplement to this prospectus is current only as of the dates on their respective covers. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with them. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. Each document incorporated by reference is current only as of the date of such document, and the incorporation by reference of such documents should not create any implication that there has been no change in our affairs since such date. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus and should be read with the same care. When we update the information contained in documents that have been incorporated by reference by making future filings with the SEC, the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus is considered to be automatically updated and superseded. In other words, in the case of a conflict or inconsistency between information contained in this prospectus and information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, you should rely on the information contained in the document that was filed later.

This prospectus incorporates by reference the documents listed below:

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our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on April 29, 2025;

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the description of our ordinary shares contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on December 1, 2017, and any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description;

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the proxy statement attached to filed by iClick Interactive Asia Group Limited’s current report on Form 6-K filed by with the SEC on December 19, 2024, which included audited consolidated statement of financial position of Amber DWM and its subsidiaries as of June 30, 2023 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive loss, changes in equity, and cash flows for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2024;

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our current report on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on April 8, 2025 regarding change in fiscal year end of Amber DWM from June 30 to December 31, effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2025;

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our current report on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on April 25, 2025 regarding receipt of regulatory approval by Sparrow Tech Private Limited to become an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of the Company;

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our current report on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on May 12, 2025 regarding the announcement of our upsized crypto ecosystem reserve plan of US$100 million;

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our current report on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on May 22, 2025 regarding the change in accounting standards from United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles to International Financial Reporting Standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board;

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our transition report on Form 20-F filed with the SEC on June 12, 2025, which included the consolidated statement of financial position of Amber DWM and its subsidiaries as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2024, and the related consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for the six months ended December 31, 2023 (unaudited) and December 31, 2024 (audited);

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our current report on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on July 3, 2025 regarding appointment of Ms. Jie Jiao as a new director and resignation of Mr. Wing Hong Sammy Hsieh as a director;

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our current report on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on July 7, 2025 regarding the closing of US$25.5 million private placement;

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any future annual reports on Form 20-F filed with the SEC after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of the offering of the securities offered by this prospectus; and

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any future reports on Form 6-K that we furnish to the SEC after the date of this prospectus that are identified in such reports as being incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

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The SEC maintains an Internet site at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers like us that file electronically with the SEC.

We will furnish without charge to you, on written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the above documents, other than exhibits to such documents which are not specifically incorporated by reference therein. You should direct any requests for documents to:

Amber International Holding Limited
1 Wallich Street
#30-02 Guoco Tower
Singapore 078881
Att: Ms. Josephine Ngai
Tel.: (65) 6022 0228

The information relating to us contained in this prospectus is not comprehensive and should be read together with the information contained in the incorporated documents. Descriptions contained in the incorporated documents as to the contents of any contract or other document may not contain all the information which is of interest to you. You should refer to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to our filings.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other U.S. federal securities laws. These statements relate to our current expectations and views of future events, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

You can identify some of these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “is/are likely to,” “potential,” “continue” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include statements relating to:

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our mission, goals and strategies;

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our future business development, financial condition and results of operations;

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the expected growth of our industry;

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our expectations regarding demand for and market acceptance of our products, services and solutions;

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competition in our industry;

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relevant government policies and regulations relating to our business and industry;

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general economic and business conditions globally and in jurisdictions where we operate; and

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assumptions underlying or related to any of the foregoing.

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You should read thoroughly this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement and the documents that we reference in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

In addition, any projections, assumptions and estimates of our future performance and the future performance of the industry in which we operate is necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” included in the applicable prospectus supplement or under similar headings in other documents which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements and any related statements made in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference are made as of the date of the respective documents. The forward-looking statements obtained from third-party studies or reports are made as of the date of the corresponding study or report. We undertake no obligation, beyond that required by law, to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made, even though circumstances may change in the future.

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OUR COMPANY

Overview

We are a leading digital asset wealth management platform, operating under the brand name “Amber Premium”, strategically positioned within the rapidly expanding digital asset market. Amber Premium acts as the institutional gateway to crypto finance, providing market access, execution infrastructure, and investment solutions for institutional investors and high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs).

As institutions and HNWIs increasingly explore opportunities in the digital asset sector, their initial participation is often through familiar traditional financial instruments, such as exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and direct exposure to Bitcoin. As their engagement deepens, these investors increasingly recognize that the digital asset landscape encompasses a broader range of opportunities, including blockchain-based innovations, decentralized finance (DeFi) applications, and tokenized financial products. Amber Premium seeks to address these evolving needs by offering institutional-grade execution services, comprehensive suite of investment products, and integrated crypto payment solutions that extend beyond traditional financial (TradFi) instruments. Leveraging its market expertise, proprietary technologies, and institutional-level risk management practices, Amber Premium enables clients to effectively navigate the complexities of the digital asset ecosystem, optimize portfolio strategies, and identify new opportunities for growth within this emerging asset class.

By seamlessly merging traditional finance and decentralized finance, Amber Premium provides the following major products to meet its clients’ evolving needs:

Comprehensive Wealth Management Solutions

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Structured Investment Products — Amber Premium offers a range of products with option structures, including dual cryptocurrency instruments and accumulator/decumulator products, which are designed to support systematic asset accumulation and manage exposure in a risk-adjusted manner.

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Yield & DeFi Solutions — Amber Premium offers earn programs, staking rewards, and DeFi yield-related products, which are structured to enhance capital efficiency while maintaining effective risk management.

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Collateralized Lending — Amber Premium offers crypto-backed financing solutions that allow clients to obtain liquidity against their digital asset holdings. These services include configurable loan terms and automated position monitoring mechanisms designed to reduce the risk of forced liquidation.

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Full-Stack Execution Solutions

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Amber Premium’s execution solutions provide direct access to over 2,000 trading pairs across more than 100 centralized exchanges (CEXs), decentralized exchanges (DEXs), and over-the-counter (OTC) markets. The platform’s connectivity to a broad network of liquidity sources enables trade execution across a wide range of digital assets.

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Automated Execution — Amber Premium’s execution services are backed by a high-performance trading infrastructure, supporting automated strategies and advanced order execution methods, such as Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP) and Time Weighted Average Price (TWAP), and Iceberg strategies for optimized trading.

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OTC Trading — Amber Premium offers over-the-counter trading solutions through a 24/7 institutional OTC desk to facilitate large-order execution through bilateral transactions. The solutions are tailored to institutional clients and are designed to minimize market impact.

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Seamless Crypto Payment Solutions

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Fiat On/Off-Ramp — Amber Premium provides crypto-to-fiat and fiat-to-crypto conversion services through regulated channels, enabling clients to transact between digital assets and traditional currencies in a secure and compliant manner.

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Amber Premium Crypto Card — Amber Premium Crypto Card is a virtual payment solution designed to seamlessly integrate digital assets with traditional financial systems. This card enables users to directly spend a broad range of cryptocurrencies — including yield-generating digital assets — at merchants worldwide, with real-time transaction settlement. The Amber Premium Crypto Card aims to enhance the utility of digital assets by facilitating instantaneous and secure payments across the global merchant network.

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Recent Developments

On March 12, 2025, we completed our merger (the “Merger”) with iClick, with Amber DWM continuing as the surviving entity and becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of iClick. In connection with the Merger, we changed our name from “iClick Interactive Asia Group Limited” to “Amber International Holding Limited,” and our ADSs began trading under the new ticker symbol “AMBR” on the Nasdaq effective on March 13, 2025. The Merger was accounted for as a reverse acquisition for accounting purpose and Amber DWM was treated as the “acquirer” for financial reporting purpose in connection with the Merger. Accordingly, the Merger is treated as the equivalent of Amber DWM issuing shares for the acquisition of iClick, accompanied by a recapitalization.

The following unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss) of the Group for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 have been prepared and presented in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of results expected for future periods.

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Three Months Ended March 31,

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(US$ in thousands, except share data and per share data, or otherwise noted)

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2025

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​

2024

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Revenue

​

​

​

​

14,940

​

​

​

​

​

1,011

​

​

Cost of revenue

​

​

​

​

(3,935)

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​

​

​

​

(547)

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Gross profit

​

​

​

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11,005

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​

​

​

​

464

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Operating expenses

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​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

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Research and development expenses

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​

​

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(3,393)

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​

​

​

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(145)

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Sales and marketing expenses

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​

​

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(810)

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​

​

​

​

(2)

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General and administrative expenses

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​

​

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(5,975)

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​

​

​

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(1,210)

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Total operating expenses

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​

​

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(10,178)

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​

​

​

​

(1,357)

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Operating income/(loss)

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​

​

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827

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​

​

​

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(893)

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Interest expense

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​

​

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(30)

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​

​

​

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(36)

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Interest income

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​

​

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68

​

​

​

​

​

25

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Other gains/(losses), net

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​

​

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56

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​

​

​

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(10,969)

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Income/(loss) before income tax expense

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​

​

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921

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​

​

​

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(11,873)

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Income tax expense

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​

​

​

(5)

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​

​

​

​

—

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Net income/(loss)

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​

​

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916

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​

​

​

​

(11,873)

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Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests

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​

​

​

15

​

​

​

​

​

—

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Net income/(loss) attributable to the Company’s ordinary shareholders

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​

​

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931

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​

​

​

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(11,873)

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Net income/(loss) per ADS attributable to the Company’s ordinary shareholders

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​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

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— Basic

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​

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0.01

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​

​

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(0.19)

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— Diluted

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0.01

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​

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(0.19)

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Weighted average number of ADS used in per share calculation:

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​

​

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​

​

​

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— Basic

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68,315,567

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​

​

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61,966,949

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— Diluted

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68,325,051

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​

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61,966,949

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Revenue

Our revenue for the first quarter of 2025 was US$14.9 million, increased from US$1.0 million in the first quarter of 2024, attributed to the intercompany service agreement dated March 12, 2025, pursuant to

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which the Company will consolidate the net income generated by the WFTL Assigned Contracts effective January 1, 2025, and continuous expansion of Amber Premium’s business.

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Wealth Management Solutions revenue is mainly generated from (a) finance income and premiums earned on structured products and strategic fees; and (b) commission, rebates and spread earned from standard earn and structured products, DeFi yield enhanced products and strategic funds. We achieved a significant growth of revenue in the first quarter of 2025 at US$9.9 million from US$0.6 million in the same period of 2024, contributed by the WFTL Assigned Contracts recorded in the first quarter 2025, as well as strong demand on our diverse investment products, collateralized lending and asset management.

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Execution Solutions revenue mainly includes the transaction fees from the provision of OTC trading and execution services. US$2.7 million revenue was recorded in the first quarter of 2025, increased from US$29.0 thousand in the same period of 2024. The growth was primarily driven by revenue generated from the WFTL Assigned Contracts, and higher average fee rate and spread in the mix of different trading in this quarter.

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Payment Solutions revenue is generated from the conversion fee of our fiat on/off-ramp services. US$0.8 million revenue was recorded in the first quarter of 2025, increased from US$0.4 million for the same period of 2024, mainly contributed from the revenue generated from the WFTL Assigned Contracts.

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Marketing and Enterprise Solutions revenue is generated from online marketing, SaaS products and services provided by iClick. US$1.6 million revenue was recorded in the first quarter of 2025.

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Gross Profit and Gross Profit Margin

Gross profit for the first quarter of 2025 reached US$11.0 million, compared to US$0.5 million in the same period of 2024. Gross profit margin demonstrated an upward trend to 73.7% in the first quarter of 2025, from 45.9% in the first quarter of 2024. The increase was mainly contributed by the WFTL Assigned Contracts and continuous expansion of Amber Premium’s business.

Operating Expenses

Total operating expenses were US$10.2 million in the first quarter of 2025, increased from US$1.4 million in the first quarter of 2024. The change was primarily due to the increase of technology infrastructure expenses, software services expenses, personnel expenses and consultancy for business expansion and development of new products and services.

Operating Income

Operating income was US$0.8 million in the first quarter of 2025, improved from US$0.9 million operating loss in the first quarter of 2024, as a result of our strategic investments and expansion of higher margin Amber Premium’s services. In addition, our marketing and enterprise solutions business recorded an overall breakeven result in the first quarter of 2025.

Other Gains/(Losses), Net

Other gains, net, were US$0.1 million in the first quarter of 2025, compared to other losses, net of US$11.0 million in the first quarter of 2024. Other losses, net in the first quarter of 2024 were mainly driven by unrealized loss in fair value of digital assets in connection with a related party’s loan. The related party’s loan was waived prior to the Merger and thus the unrealized loss in fair value was nil in 2025.

Net Income/(Loss)

Net income was US$0.9 million in the first quarter of 2025, compared with net loss of US$11.9 million for the first quarter of 2024, as a result of the foregoing.

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves significant risks. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks described below and under “Risk Factors” in the applicable prospectus supplement and under “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on April 29, 2025, or any updates in our Reports on Form 6-K, together with all of the other information appearing in this prospectus or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, and any risk factors and other information described in the and any applicable prospectus supplement, in light of your particular investment objectives and financial circumstances. The risks so described are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. The trading price of our securities could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment. The discussion of risks includes or refers to forward- looking statements; you should read the explanation of the qualifications and limitations on such forward-looking statements discussed elsewhere in this prospectus.

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table presents Amber DWM’s capitalization as of December 31, 2024 on an actual basis.

You should read this table together with our combined and consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Amber DWM” included in the proxy statement attached to the Company’s current report on Form 6-K filed with SEC on December 19, 2024 and under “Results of Operations of Amber DWM” included in the transition report on Form 20-F filed with the SEC on June 12, 2025.

This table should be read in conjunction with Amber DWM’s financial statements and the notes thereto incorporated by reference herein and the accompanying prospectus.

​	​	​	December 31, 2024				​
​	​	​	(U.S. Dollars in thousands)				​
Current liabilities:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Trade and other payables	​	​	​	​	1,841	​	​
Collateral payables	​	​	​	​	14,414	​	​
Liabilities due to customers	​	​	​	​	71,523	​	​
Payable to related parties	​	​	​	​	9,980	​	​
Derivative financial instruments	​	​	​	​	1,576	​	​
Lease liabilities	​	​	​	​	230	​	​
Total current liabilities	​	​	​	​	99,564	​	​
Non-current liabilities:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Lease liabilities	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Total non-current liabilities	​	​	​	​	485	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	485	​	​
Total liabilities	​	​	​	​	100,049	​	​
Equity:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Share capital	​	​	​	​	13,500	​	​
Accumulated losses	​	​	​	​	(36,890)	​	​
Reserve	​	​	​	​	53,175	​	​
Total equity	​	​	​	​	29,785	​	​
Total liabilities and equity	​	​	​	​	129,834	​	​

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USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless we indicate otherwise in a prospectus supplement, we plan to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities for general corporate purposes. We will not receive proceeds from sales of securities by persons other than us except as may otherwise be stated in any applicable prospectus supplement.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES

We may issue from time to time, in one or more offerings, the following securities:

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Class A ordinary shares, including Class A ordinary shares represented by ADSs;

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Preferred shares;

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Subscription rights;

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Warrants; and

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Units.

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We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement a description of the preferred shares, subscription rights, warrants and units, or the Class A ordinary shares (including Class A ordinary shares represented by ADSs) that may be offered under this prospectus. The terms of the offering of securities, the initial offering price and the net proceeds to us will be contained in the prospectus supplement, and other offering material, relating to such offer. The supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus and any supplement before you invest in any of our securities.

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DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL

The following description of our share capital is a summary of the material terms of our memorandum and articles of association of and Cayman Islands corporate law regarding our ordinary shares and the holders thereof. This description contains all material information concerning our ordinary shares but does not purport to be complete and qualified in its entirety by the full text of memorandum and articles of association which is incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

We are a Cayman Islands exempted limited liability company and our affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act (Revised) of the Cayman Islands, which we refer to as the Companies Law below,   and the common law of the Cayman Islands.

As of the date of this prospectus , we are authorized to issue 1,300,000,000 shares, which consist of 1,191,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, 109,000,000 Class B ordinary shares, with a par value of US$0.001 each. As of the date of this prospectus, there are 468,414,626 ordinary shares outstanding, par value US$0.001 per share, being the sum of (i) 432,181,389 Class A ordinary shares, excluding the 2,961,634 Class A ordinary shares held by JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., our depositary, underlying the share based awards reserved for issuance under our Post-IPO Plan or our 2018 Plan, and (ii) 36,233,237 Class B ordinary shares.

Our Tenth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association

In January 2025, the shareholders of our Company approved a special resolution to adopt the tenth amended and restated memorandum an articles of association, effective on March 12, 2025. The following are summaries of material provisions of our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, as well as the Companies Act (Revised) insofar as they relate to the material terms of our ordinary shares. You should read our tenth amended and restated memorandum an articles of association, which was filed as Exhibit 1.1 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on April 29, 2025. For information on how to obtain copies of our tenth amended and restated memorandum an articles of association, see “Where You Can Find More Information About Us.”

Ordinary Shares

Our ordinary shares are issued in registered form and are issued when registered in our register of members. Our shareholders who are non-residents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.

Register of Members

Under Cayman Islands law, we must keep a register of members and there should be entered therein:

(a)

the names and addresses of the members, a statement of the shares held by each member, and of the amount paid or agreed to be considered as paid, on the shares of each member;

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(b)

the date on which the name of any person was entered on the register as a member; and

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(c)

the date on which any person ceased to be a member.

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Under Cayman Islands law, the register of members of our company is prima facie evidence of the matters set out therein (i.e. the register of members will raise a presumption of fact on the matters referred to above unless rebutted) and a member registered in the register of members should be deemed as a matter of Cayman Islands law to have legal title to the shares as set against its name in the register of members. Upon the closing of this offering, the register of members should be immediately updated to record and give effect to the issue of shares by us to the Depositary (or its nominee) as the depositary. Once our register of members has been updated, the shareholders recorded in the register of members should be deemed to have legal title to the shares set against their name.

If the name of any person is incorrectly entered in or omitted from our register of members, or if there is any default or unnecessary delay in entering on the register the fact of any person having ceased to be a member of our company, the person or member aggrieved (or any member of our company or our company

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itself) may apply to the Cayman Islands Grand Court for an order that the register be rectified, and the Court may either refuse such application or it may, if satisfied of the justice of the case, make an order for the rectification of the register.

Dividends

The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors. Dividends may be declared and paid only out of the profits of the Company, realised or unrealised, or from any reserve set aside from profits which the Directors determine is no longer needed. The Board may also declare and pay dividends out of share premium account or any other fund or account which can be authorised for this purpose in accordance with the Companies Act.

Voting Rights

Our share capital is currently divided into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. On a show of hands each shareholder is entitled to one vote or, on a poll, each Class A ordinary share shall be entitled to one (1) vote on all matters subject to vote at general meetings of our Company, and each Class B ordinary share shall be entitled to thirty (30) votes on all matters subject to vote at general meetings of our Company. Unless otherwise required under the laws of the Cayman Islands, Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares shall vote together as a single class.

Voting at any meeting of shareholders is by way of a poll, save that the chairman of the meeting may in good faith, allow a resolution which relates purely to a procedural or administrative matter to be voted on by a show of hands in which case every member present in person (or being a corporation, is present by a duly authorised representative), or by proxy(ies) shall have one vote provided that where more than one proxy is appointed by a member which is a clearing house (or its nominee(s)), each such proxy shall have one vote on a show of hands. Procedural and administrative matters are those that (i) are not on the agenda of the general meeting or in any supplementary circular that may be issued by us to our member; and (ii) relate to the chairman’s duties to maintain the orderly conduct of the meeting and/or allow the business of the meeting to be properly and effectively dealt with, whilst allowing all members reasonable opportunity to express their views.

A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of two shareholders (or in the case of a shareholder being a corporation, its duly authorised representative). A majority of the board or the chairman of the board may call extraordinary general meetings, which extraordinary general meetings shall be held at such times and locations (as permitted hereby) as such person or persons shall determine. Advance notice of at least ten clear days is required for the convening of our annual general shareholders’ meeting and any other general shareholders’ meeting.

An ordinary resolution to be passed by the shareholders requires a simple majority of the votes cast by such shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at a general meeting of the Company and in computing a majority where a poll is taken, regard shall be had to the number of votes to which each shareholder is entitled, while a special resolution requires a majority of not less than two-thirds of the votes of such shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at a general meeting of the Company of which notice specifying the intention to propose the resolution as a special resolution has been duly given, and in computing a majority where a poll is taken, regard shall be had to the number of votes to which each shareholder is entitled. Both ordinary resolutions and special resolutions may also be passed by unanimous written resolutions signed by all the shareholders of our company and the effective date of the special resolution so adopted shall be the date on which the instrument or the last of such instruments, as permitted by the Companies Act and our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. An ordinary resolution will be required for important matters including appointment or removal of the chairman of the board of directors, or removal of any directors (other than “for cause”), etc. A special resolution will be required for fundamental matters including a change of control event, and statutory matters such as merger, a change of name, making changes to our memorandum and articles of association or other matter as required under the laws of the Cayman Islands.

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Conversion

Class B ordinary shares are convertible into Class A ordinary shares. Class B ordinary shares are subject to automatic conversion into Class A ordinary shares upon any sale, transfer, assignment or disposition of such Class B Ordinary Share by its registered holder or beneficial owner to any person who is not an affiliate of such registered holder or beneficial owner, or upon any event (including but not limited to any issuance of additional Class B Ordinary Shares by us) that causes the ultimate beneficial owner of such Class B Ordinary Share to cease to beneficially own more than 5% of our total outstanding Class B Ordinary Shares. The conversion may also occur at the option of the holders of the Class B ordinary shares on the business day on which a written notice is delivered to us at our Office (and as otherwise stated therein) stating that a holder of Class B Ordinary Shares elects to convert the number of Class B Ordinary Shares specified therein, pursuant to our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.

Each Class B ordinary share is generally convertible into one Class A ordinary share, subject to any adjustment in accordance with our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. If the rate of conversion is not on a one for one basis, the conversion shall take effect in such manner permitted by law. However, if and when the nominal amount of one Class A ordinary share changes by reason of any consolidation or sub-division, the applicable conversion rate of Class B ordinary shares into Class A ordinary shares shall be adjusted by multiplying it by the revised nominal amount and dividing the result by the former nominal amount shall equal the quotient of the revised nominal amount, divided by the former nominal amount, of one Class A ordinary share.

Transfer of Ordinary Shares

Subject to the restrictions set out below, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or any other form approved by our board of directors.

Our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share which is not fully paid up or on which we have a lien. Our board of directors may also decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share unless:

•

the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the ordinary shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer;

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the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of shares;

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the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required;

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in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the ordinary share is to be transferred does not exceed four; and

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•

a fee of such maximum sum as the Nasdaq may determine to be payable or such lesser sum as our directors may from time to time require is paid to us in respect thereof.

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If our directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within three months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal.

The registration of transfers may, after compliance with any notice required of the Nasdaq, be suspended and the register closed at such times and for such periods as our board of directors may from time to time determine, provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register closed for more than 30 days in any year as our board may determine.

Liquidation

Subject to any special rights, privileges or restrictions as to the distribution of available surplus assets on liquidation for the time being attached to any class or classes of shares (i) if we shall be wound up and the assets available for distribution amongst our shareholders shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the capital paid up at the commencement of the winding up, the excess shall be distributed pari passu amongst such shareholders in proportion to the amount paid up on the shares held by them respectively and

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(ii) if we shall be wound up and the assets available for distribution amongst the shareholders as such shall be insufficient to repay the whole of the paid-up capital such assets shall be distributed so that, a nearly as may be, the losses shall be borne by the shareholders in proportion to the capital paid up, or which ought to have been paid up, at the commencement of the winding up on the shares held by them respectively.

Calls on Shares and Forfeiture of Shares

Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their shares, and each shareholder shall (subject to being given at least 14 clear days’ notice specifying the time and place of payment) pay us as required by such notice the amount called on his shares. A call may be extended, postponed or revoked in whole or in part as our board of directors determines but no member shall be entitled to any such extension, postponement or revocation except as a matter of grace and favour. A call shall be deemed to have been made at the time when the resolution of our board of directors authorising the call was passed and may be made payable either in one lump sum or by instalments.

Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Shares

The board of directors may accept the surrender of any share liable to be forfeited hereunder and, in such case, references in our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to forfeiture will include surrender. Under the Companies Act, the redemption or repurchase of any share may be paid out of our company’s profits or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of capital (including share premium account and capital redemption reserve) if we can, immediately following such payment, pay our debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Companies Act no such share may be redeemed or repurchased (a) unless it is fully paid up, (b) if such redemption or repurchase would result in there being no shares issued and outstanding, or (c) if we have commenced liquidation. In addition, our company may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration.

Variations of Rights of Shares

All or any of the special rights for the time being attached to the shares or any class of shares may, unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, from time to time (whether or not the Company is being wound up) be varied, modified or abrogated with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. To every such separate general meeting, all the provisions of these Articles relating to general meetings of the Company shall, mutatis mutandis, apply, but so that:

•

the necessary quorum (whether at a separate general meeting or at its adjourned meeting) shall be two shareholders (or in the case of a shareholder being a corporation, its duly authorised representative);

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•

every holder of shares of the class shall be entitled on a poll to one vote for every share of such class held by him; and

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•

any holder of shares of the class present in person or by proxy or authorised representative may demand a poll.

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The special rights conferred upon the holders of any shares or class of shares shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided in the rights attaching to or the terms of issue of such shares, be deemed to be varied, modified or abrogated by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu therewith.

Issuance of Additional Shares

Our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association authorizes our board of directors to issue additional ordinary shares from time to time as our board of directors shall determine, to the extent of available authorized but unissued shares.

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Our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association also empowers our board of directors to by resolution or resolutions from time to time the issuance of one or more classes or series of preferred shares and to fix the designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other rights, if any, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, if any, including, without limitation, the number of shares constituting each such class or series, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges, voting powers, full or limited or no voting powers, and liquidation preferences, and to increase or decrease the size of any such class or series (but not below the number of shares of any class or series of preferred shares then outstanding) to the extent permitted by Act.

Our board of directors may issue preferred shares without action by our shareholders to the extent authorized but unissued.

Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting power of holders of ordinary shares.

Inspection of Books and Records

Holders of our ordinary shares will have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide our shareholders with annual audited financial statements. No shareholders (other than a director) shall have any right of inspecting any of our accounting record or book or document except as conferred by law or authorised by our Board or us in general meeting.

Anti-Takeover Provisions

Some provisions of our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that authorize our board of directors to create and designate out of our unissued shares one or more classes or series of preferred shares, comprising such number of preferred shares, and having such designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights, voting rights, conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences as our board of directors may determine.

However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company.

General Meetings of Shareholders and Shareholder Proposals

Our shareholders’ general meetings may be held in such place within or outside the Cayman Islands as our board of directors considers appropriate.

As an exempted Cayman Islands company, we are not obliged by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings. Our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that we shall in each calendar year hold a general meeting as our annual general meeting and shall specify the meeting as such in the notices calling it. The annual general meeting shall be held at such time and place as may be determined by the board of directors.

A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of two shareholders (or in the case of a shareholder being a corporation, its duly authorised representative). A majority of the board or the chairman of the board may call extraordinary general meetings, which extraordinary general meetings shall be held at such times and locations (as permitted hereby) as such person or persons shall determine. Advance notice of at least ten clear days is required for the convening of our annual general shareholders’ meeting and any other general shareholders’ meeting.

Exempted Company

We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act. The Companies Act distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be

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registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except that an exempted company:

•

does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies;

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•

is not required to open its register of members for inspection;

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•

does not have to hold an annual general meeting;

​

•

may issue negotiable or bearer shares or shares with no par value;

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•

may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20 years in the first instance);

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•

may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands;

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•

may register as a limited duration company; and

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•

may register as a segregated portfolio company.

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Differences in Corporate Law

The Companies Act is derived, to a large extent, from the older Companies Acts of England but does not follow recent United Kingdom statutory enactments, and accordingly there are significant differences between the Companies Act and the current Companies Act of England. In addition, the Companies Act differs from laws applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders.

Mergers and Similar Arrangements

The Companies Act permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (a) “merger” means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company and (b) a “consolidation” means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies to the consolidated company. In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (a) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and (b) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. The written plan of merger or consolidation must be filed with the Registrar of Companies together with a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or surviving company, a list of the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and that notification of the merger or consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Dissenting shareholders have the right to be paid the fair value of their shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) if they follow the required procedures, subject to certain exceptions. Court approval is not required for a merger or consolidation which is effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.

In addition, there are statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies, provided that the arrangement is approved by a majority in number of each class of shareholders or creditors with whom the arrangement is to be made, and who must in addition represent three-fourths in value of each such class of shareholders or creditors, as the case may be, that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the Grand Court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:

•

the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met;

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•

the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class;

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•

the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and

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•

the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act

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When a takeover offer is made and accepted by holders of 90% of the shares affected within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.

If an arrangement and reconstruction is thus approved, the dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.

Shareholders’ Suits

In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff to sue for a wrong done to us as a company and a derivative action may ordinarily not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authority, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, the Cayman Islands courts can be expected (and have had occasion) to follow and apply the common law principles (namely the rule in Foss v. Harbottle and the exceptions thereto) so that a minority shareholder may be permitted to commence a representative action against, or derivative actions in the name of, our company to challenge:

(a)

an act which is ultra vires the company or illegal, which is therefore incapable of ratification by the shareholders,

​

(b)

an act which constitutes a fraud against the minority where the wrongdoers are themselves in control of the company, or

​

(c)

an act which requires a resolution with a qualified (or special) majority (i.e. more than a simple majority) which has not been obtained.

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Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability

Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association require us to indemnify our officers and directors for actions, costs, charges, losses, damages, and expenses incurred in their capacities as such unless such losses or damages arise from fraud or dishonesty of such directors or officers. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation.

In addition, we will enter into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our current amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

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Directors’ Fiduciary Duties

Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director acts in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation. As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to the company and therefore it is considered that he owes the following duties to the company — a duty to act in good faith in the best interests of the company, a duty not to make a personal profit based on his position as director (unless the company permits him to do so), a duty not to put himself in a position where the interests of the company conflict with his personal interest or his duty to a third party and a duty to exercise powers for the purpose for which such powers were intended. A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to the company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands.

Shareholder Action by Written Consent

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands law and our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed by or on behalf of each shareholder who would have been entitled to receive notice of and to attend and vote at our general meetings.

Shareholder Proposals

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.

Cumulative Voting

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. There are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under the laws of the Cayman Islands but our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.

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Removal of Directors

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause, by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders with or without cause or by our directors for cause.

Transactions with Interested Shareholders

The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting share within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.

Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and for a proper purpose and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.

Dissolution; Winding up

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board.

Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so. Under the Companies Act and our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, our company may be dissolved, liquidated or wound up by a special resolution of our shareholders.

Variation of Rights of Shares

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under Cayman Islands law and our tenth amended and restated amendment and articles of association, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class with the sanction of a special resolution at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.

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Amendment of Governing Documents

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under Cayman Islands law, our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may only be amended with a special resolution.

Rights of Non-resident or Foreign Shareholders

There are no limitations imposed by our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.

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DESCRIPTION OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as depositary will issue the ADSs which you will be entitled to receive in this offering. Each ADS will represent an ownership interest in a designated number of shares which we will deposit with the custodian, as agent of the depositary, under the deposit agreement among ourselves, the depositary and yourself as an ADR holder. In the future, each ADS will also represent any securities, cash or other property deposited with the depositary but which they have not distributed directly to you. Unless certificated ADRs are specifically requested by you, all ADSs will be issued on the books of our depositary in book-entry form and periodic statements will be mailed to you which reflect your ownership interest in such ADSs. In our description, references to American depositary receipts or ADRs shall include the statements you will receive which reflect your ownership of ADSs.

The depositary’s office is located at 383 Madison Avenue, Floor 11, New York, New York 10179.

You may hold ADSs either directly or indirectly through your broker or other financial institution. If you hold ADSs directly, by having an ADS registered in your name on the books of the depositary, you are an ADR holder. This description assumes you hold your ADSs directly. If you hold the ADSs through your broker or financial institution nominee, you must rely on the procedures of such broker or financial institution to assert the rights of an ADR holder described in this section. You should consult with your broker or financial institution to find out what those procedures are.

As an ADR holder, we will not treat you as a shareholder of ours and you will not have any shareholder rights. Cayman Island law governs shareholder rights. Because the depositary or its nominee will be the shareholder of record for the shares represented by all outstanding ADSs, shareholder rights rest with such record holder. Your rights are those of an ADR holder. Such rights derive from the terms of the deposit agreement to be entered into among us, the depositary and all registered holders from time to time of ADSs issued under the deposit agreement. The obligations of the depositary and its agents are also set out in the deposit agreement. Because the depositary or its nominee will actually be the registered owner of the shares, you must rely on it to exercise the rights of a shareholder on your behalf. The deposit agreement and the ADSs are governed by New York law. Under the deposit agreement, as an ADR holder, you agree that any legal suit, action or proceeding against or involving us or the depositary, arising out of or based upon the deposit agreement, the ADSs or the transactions contemplated thereby, may only be instituted in a state or federal court in New York, New York, and you irrevocably waive any objection which you may have to the laying of venue of any such proceeding and irrevocably submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding.

The following is a summary of what we believe to be the material terms of the deposit agreement. Notwithstanding this, because it is a summary, it may not contain all the information that you may otherwise deem important. For more complete information, you should read the entire deposit agreement and the form of ADR which contains the terms of your ADSs. You can read a copy of the deposit agreement which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. You may also obtain a copy of the deposit agreement at the SEC’s Public Reference Room which is located at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-732-0330. You may also find the registration statement and the attached deposit agreement on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

Share Dividends and Other Distributions

How will I receive dividends and other distributions on the shares underlying my ADSs?

We may make various types of distributions with respect to our securities. The depositary has agreed that, to the extent practicable, it will pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on shares or other deposited securities, after converting any cash received into U.S. dollars (if it determines such conversion may be made on a reasonable basis) and, in all cases, making any necessary deductions provided for in the deposit agreement. The depositary may utilize a division, branch or affiliate of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. to direct, manage and/or execute any public and/or private sale of securities under the deposit agreement.

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Such division, branch and/or affiliate may charge the depositary a fee in connection with such sales, which fee is considered an expense of the depositary. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of underlying securities that your ADSs represent.

Except as stated below, the depositary will deliver such distributions to ADR holders in proportion to their interests in the following manner:

•

Cash.   The depositary will distribute any U.S. dollars available to it resulting from a cash dividend or other cash distribution or the net proceeds of sales of any other distribution or portion thereof (to the extent applicable), on an averaged or other practicable basis, subject to (i) appropriate adjustments for taxes withheld, (ii) such distribution being permissible or practicable with respect to certain registered ADR holders, and (iii) deduction of the depositary’s and/or its agents’ expenses in (1) converting any foreign currency to U.S. dollars to the extent that it determines that such conversion may be made on a reasonable basis, (2) transferring foreign currency or U.S. dollars to the United States by such means as the depositary may determine to the extent that it determines that such transfer may be made on a reasonable basis, (3) obtaining any approval or license of any governmental authority required for such conversion or transfer, which is obtainable at a reasonable cost and within a reasonable time and (4) making any sale by public or private means in any commercially reasonable manner. If exchange rates fluctuate during a time when the depositary cannot convert a foreign currency, you may lose some or all of the value of the distribution.

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•

Shares.   In the case of a distribution in shares, the depositary will issue additional ADRs to evidence the number of ADSs representing such shares. Only whole ADSs will be issued. Any shares which would result in fractional ADSs will be sold and the net proceeds will be distributed in the same manner as cash to the ADR holders entitled thereto.

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Rights to receive additional shares.   In the case of a distribution of rights to subscribe for additional shares or other rights, if we timely provide evidence satisfactory to the depositary that it may lawfully distribute such rights, the depositary will distribute warrants or other instruments in the discretion of the depositary representing such rights. However, if we do not timely furnish such evidence, the depositary may:

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(i)

sell such rights if practicable and distribute the net proceeds in the same manner as cash to the ADR holders entitled thereto; or

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(ii)

if it is not practicable to sell such rights by reason of the non-transferability of the rights, limited markets therefore , their short duration or otherwise, do nothing and allow such rights to lapse, in which case ADR holders will receive nothing and the rights may lapse.

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•

Other Distributions.   In the case of a distribution of securities or property other than those described above, the depositary may either (i) distribute such securities or property in any manner it deems equitable and practicable or (ii) to the extent the depositary deems distribution of such securities or property not to be equitable and practicable, sell such securities or property and distribute any net proceeds in the same way it distributes cash.

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If the depositary determines in its discretion that any distribution described above is not practicable with respect to any specific registered ADR holder, the depositary may choose any method of distribution that it deems practicable for such ADR holder, including the distribution of foreign currency, securities or property, or it may retain such items, without paying interest on or investing them, on behalf of the ADR holder as deposited securities, in which case the ADSs will also represent the retained items.

Any U.S. dollars will be distributed by checks drawn on a bank in the United States for whole dollars and cents. Fractional cents will be withheld without liability and dealt with by the depositary in accordance with its then current practices.

The depositary is not responsible if it fails to determine that any distribution or action is lawful or reasonably practicable.

There can be no assurance that the depositary will be able to convert any currency at a specified exchange rate or sell any property, rights, shares or other securities at a specified price, nor that any of such transactions

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can be completed within a specified time period. All purchases and sales of securities will be handled by the Depositary in accordance with its then current policies, which are currently set forth in the “Depositary Receipt Sale and Purchase of Security” section of https:/www.adr.com/Investors/FindOutAboutDRs, the location and contents of which the Depositary shall be solely responsible for.

Deposit, Withdrawal and Cancellation

How does the depositary issue ADSs?

The depositary will issue ADSs if you or your broker deposit shares or evidence of rights to receive shares with the custodian and pay the fees and expenses owing to the depositary in connection with such issuance. In the case of the ADSs to be issued under this prospectus, we will arrange with the underwriters named herein to deposit such shares.

Shares deposited in the future with the custodian must be accompanied by certain delivery documentation and shall, at the time of such deposit, be registered in the name of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as depositary for the benefit of holders of ADRs or in such other name as the depositary shall direct.

The custodian will hold all deposited shares (including those being deposited by or on our behalf in connection with the offering to which this prospectus relates) for the account and to the order of the depositary. ADR holders thus have no direct ownership interest in the shares and only have such rights as are contained in the deposit agreement. The custodian will also hold any additional securities, property and cash received on or in substitution for the deposited shares. The deposited shares and any such additional items are referred to as “deposited securities”.

Upon each deposit of shares, receipt of related delivery documentation and compliance with the other provisions of the deposit agreement, including the payment of the fees and charges of the depositary and any taxes or other fees or charges owing, the depositary will issue an ADR or ADRs in the name or upon the order of the person entitled thereto evidencing the number of ADSs to which such person is entitled. All of the ADSs issued will, unless specifically requested to the contrary, be part of the depositary’s direct registration system, and a registered holder will receive periodic statements from the depositary which will show the number of ADSs registered in such holder’s name. An ADR holder can request that the ADSs not be held through the depositary’s direct registration system and that a certificated ADR be issued.

How do ADR holders cancel an ADS and obtain deposited securities?

When you turn in your ADR certificate at the depositary’s office, or when you provide proper instructions and documentation in the case of direct registration ADSs, the depositary will, upon payment of certain applicable fees, charges and taxes, deliver the underlying shares to you or upon your written order. Delivery of deposited securities in certificated form will be made at the custodian’s office. At your risk, expense and request, the depositary may deliver deposited securities at such other place as you may request.

The depositary may only restrict the withdrawal of deposited securities in connection with:

•

temporary delays caused by closing our transfer books or those of the depositary or the deposit of shares in connection with voting at a shareholders’ meeting, or the payment of dividends;

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•

the payment of fees, taxes and similar charges; or

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•

compliance with any U.S. or foreign laws or governmental regulations relating to the ADRs or to the withdrawal of deposited securities.

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This right of withdrawal may not be limited by any other provision of the deposit agreement.

Record Dates

The depositary may, after consultation with us if practicable, fix record dates (which, to the extent applicable, shall be as near as practicable to any corresponding record dates set by us) for the determination of the registered ADR holders who will be entitled (or obligated, as the case may be):

•

to receive any distribution on or in respect of deposited securities,

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•

to give instructions for the exercise of voting rights at a meeting of holders of shares,

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•

to pay the fee assessed by the depositary for administration of the ADR program and for any expenses as provided for in the ADR, or

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•

to receive any notice or to act or be obligated in respect of other matters, all subject to the provisions of the deposit agreement.

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Voting Rights

How do I vote?

If you are an ADR holder and the depositary asks you to provide it with voting instructions, you may instruct the depositary how to exercise the voting rights for the shares which underlie your ADSs. As soon as practicable after receipt from us of notice of any meeting at which the holders of shares are entitled to vote, or of our solicitation of consents or proxies from holders of shares, the depositary shall fix the ADS record date in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement provided that if the depositary receives a written request from us in a timely manner and at least thirty (30) days prior to the date of such vote or meeting, the depositary shall, at our expense, distribute to the registered ADR holders a notice stating final information particular to the voting materials received by the depositary and describing how you may instruct, or, subject to the next sentence, will be deemed to instruct, the depositary to exercise the voting rights for the shares which underlie your ADSs, including instructions for giving a discretionary proxy to a person designated by us. To the extent we have provided the depositary with at least forty (40) days’ notice of a proposed meeting, the voting notice will be received by all holders no less than ten (10) days prior to the date of the meeting and/or the cut-off date for the solicitation of consents, and the depositary does not receive instructions on a particular agenda item from a holder (including, without limitation, any entity or entities acting on behalf of the nominee for DTC) in a timely manner, such holder shall be deemed, and in the deposit agreement the depositary is instructed to deem such holder, to have instructed the depositary to give a discretionary proxy for such agenda item(s) to a person designated by us to vote the shares represented by their ADSs for which actual instructions were not so give by all such holders on such agenda item(s), provided that no such instruction shall be deemed given and no discretionary proxy shall be given unless (a) we informs the depositary in writing that (i) we wish such proxy to be given with respect to such agenda item(s), (ii) there is no substantial opposition existing with respect to such agenda item(s) and (iii) the agenda item(s), if approved, would not materially or adversely affect the rights of holders of shares, and (b) the depositary has obtained an opinion of our counsel, in form and substance satisfactory to the depositary, confirming that (a) the granting of such discretionary proxy does not subject the depositary to any reporting obligations in the Cayman Islands, (b) the granting of such proxy will not result in a violation of the laws, rules, regulations or permits of the Cayman Island, (c) the voting arrangement and deemed instruction as contemplated herein will be given effect under the laws, rules and regulations of the Cayman Island, and (d) the granting of such discretionary proxy will not under any circumstances result in the shares represented by the ADSs being treated as assets of the Depositary under the laws, rules or regulations of the Cayman Islands.

Holders are strongly encouraged to forward their voting instructions to the depositary as soon as possible. For instructions to be valid, the ADR department of the depositary that is responsible for proxies and voting must receive them in the manner and on or before the time specified, notwithstanding that such instructions may have been physically received by the depositary prior to such time. The depositary will not itself exercise any voting discretion. Furthermore, neither the depositary nor its agents are responsible for any failure to carry out any voting instructions, for the manner in which any vote is cast or for the effect of any vote. Notwithstanding anything contained in the deposit agreement or any ADR, the depositary may, to the extent not prohibited by any law, rule or regulations or by the rules, regulations or requirements of the stock exchange on which the ADSs are listed, in lieu of distribution of the materials provided to the depositary in connection with any meeting of, or solicitation of consents or proxies from, holders of deposited securities, distribute to the registered holders of ADRs a notice that provides such holders with, or otherwise publicizes to such holders, instructions on how to retrieve such materials or receive such materials upon request (i.e., by reference to a website containing the materials for retrieval or a contact for requesting copies of the materials).

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We have advised the depositary that under Cayman Islands law and our constituent documents, each as in effect as of the date of the deposit agreement, voting at any meeting of shareholders is by show of hands unless a poll is (before or on the declaration of the results of the show of hands or on the withdrawal of any other demand for a poll) demanded. In the event that voting on any resolution or matter is conducted on a show of hands basis in accordance with our constituent documents, the depositary will refrain from voting and the voting instructions received by the depositary from holders shall lapse. The depositary will not demand a poll or join in demanding a poll, whether or not requested to do so by holders of ADSs.

There is no guarantee that you will receive voting materials in time to instruct the depositary to vote and it is possible that you, or persons who hold their ADSs through brokers, dealers or other third parties, will not have the opportunity to exercise a right to vote.

Reports and Other Communications

Will ADR holders be able to view our reports?

The depositary will make available for inspection by ADR holders at the offices of the depositary and the custodian the deposit agreement, the provisions of or governing deposited securities, and any written communications from us which are both received by the custodian or its nominee as a holder of deposited securities and made generally available to the holders of deposited securities.

Additionally, if we make any written communications generally available to holders of our shares, and we furnish copies thereof (or English translations or summaries) to the depositary, it will distribute the same to registered ADR holders.

Fees and Expenses

What fees and expenses will I be responsible for paying?

The depositary may charge each person to whom ADSs are issued, including, without limitation, issuances against deposits of shares, issuances in respect of share distributions, rights and other distributions, issuances pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by us or issuances pursuant to a merger, exchange of securities or any other transaction or event affecting the ADSs or deposited securities, and each person surrendering ADSs for withdrawal of deposited securities or whose ADRs are cancelled or reduced for any other reason, a fee of up to $5.00 for each 100 ADSs (or any portion thereof) issued, delivered, reduced, cancelled or surrendered, or upon which a share distribution or elective distribution as made or offered as the case may be. The depositary may sell (by public or private sale) sufficient securities and property received in respect of a share distribution, rights and/or other distribution prior to such deposit to pay such charge.

The following additional fees, charges and expenses shall also be incurred by the ADR holders, the Beneficial Owners, by any party depositing or withdrawing shares or by any party surrendering ADSs and/or to whom ADSs are issued (including, without limitation, issuance pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by us or an exchange of stock regarding the ADSs or the deposited securities or a distribution of ADSs), whichever is applicable:

•

a fee of up to US$0.05 per ADS held for any cash distribution made, or for any elective cash/stock dividend offered, pursuant to the deposit agreement;

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•

a fee of up to US$0.05 per ADS held for the direct or indirect distribution of securities or the net cash proceeds from the public or private sale of any such securities, regardless of whether any such distribution and/or sale is made by, for, or received from, or (in each case) on behalf of, the depositary, us and/or any third party (which fee may be assessed against ADR holders as of a record date set by the depositary);

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an aggregate fee of up to US$0.05 per ADS per calendar year (or portion thereof) for services performed by the depositary in administering the ADRs (which fee may be charged on a periodic basis during each calendar year and shall be assessed against holders of ADRs as of the record date or record dates set by the depositary during each calendar year and shall be payable at the sole discretion

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of the depositary by billing such holders or by deducting such charge from one or more cash dividends or other cash distributions);

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an amount for the reimbursement of such charges and expenses as are incurred by the depositary and/or any of its agents (including, without limitation, the custodian, as well as charges and expenses incurred on behalf of holders in connection with compliance with foreign exchange control regulations or any law or regulation relating to foreign investment) in connection with the servicing of the shares or other deposited securities, the sale of securities (including, without limitation, deposited securities), the delivery of deposited securities or otherwise in connection with the depositary’s or its custodian’s compliance with applicable law, rule or regulation (which charges and expenses may be assessed on a proportionate basis against holders as of the record date or dates set by the depositary and shall be payable at the sole discretion of the depositary by billing such holders or by deducting such charge or expense from one or more cash dividends or other cash distributions);

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stock transfer or other taxes and other governmental charges (which are payable by ADR holders or persons depositing Shares);

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a transaction fee per cancellation request (including any cancellation request made through SWIFT, facsimile transmission or any other method of communication) as disclosed on the “Disclosures” page (or successor page) of www.adr.com (as updated by the depositary from time to time, “ADR.com”) and any applicable delivery expenses (which are payable by such persons or ADR holders); and

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transfer or registration fees for the registration of transfer of deposited securities on any applicable register in connection with the deposit or withdrawal of deposited securities (which are payable by persons depositing Shares or holders withdrawing deposited securities).

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JPMorgan and/or its agent may act as principal for such conversion of foreign currency. For further details see https://www.adr.com.

We will pay all other fees, charges and expenses of the depositary and any agent of the depositary (except the custodian) pursuant to agreements from time to time between us and the depositary. The charges described above may be amended from time to time by agreement between us and the depositary.

The depositary may make available to us a set amount or a portion of the depositary fees charged in respect of the ADR program or otherwise upon such terms and conditions as we and the depositary may agree from time to time. The depositary collects its fees for issuance and cancellation of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services by deduction from cash distributions, or by directly billing investors, or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting for them. The depositary will generally set off the amounts owing from distributions made to holders of ADSs. If, however, no distribution exists and payment owing is not timely received by the depositary, the depositary may refuse to provide any further services to holders that have not paid those fees and expenses owing until such fees and expenses have been paid. At the discretion of the depositary, all fees and charges owing under the deposit agreement are due in advance and/or when declared owing by the depositary.

Payment of Taxes

If any tax or other governmental charges (including any penalties and/or interest) shall become payable by or on behalf of the custodian or the depositary with respect to any ADR, any deposited securities represented by the ADSs evidenced thereby or any distribution thereon, including, without limitation, any Chinese Enterprise Income Tax owed if the Circular Guoshuifa [2009] No. 82 issued by the Chinese State Administration of Taxation (SAT) or any other circular, edict, order or ruling, as issued and as from time to time amended, is applied or otherwise, such tax or other governmental charge shall be paid by the holder thereof to the depositary and by holding or having held or owned an ADR the holder and all prior holders thereof, jointly and severally, agree to indemnify, defend and save harmless each of the depositary and its agents in respect thereof. If an ADR holder owes any tax or other governmental charge, the depositary may (i) deduct the amount thereof from any cash distributions, or (ii) sell deposited securities (by public or

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private sale) and deduct the amount owing from the net proceeds of such sale. In either case the ADR holder remains liable for any shortfall. If any tax or governmental charge is unpaid, the depositary may also refuse to effect any registration, registration of transfer, split-up or combination of deposited securities or withdrawal of deposited securities until such payment is made. If any tax or governmental charge is required to be withheld on any cash distribution, the depositary may deduct the amount required to be withheld from any cash distribution or, in the case of a non-cash distribution, sell the distributed property or securities (by public or private sale) in such amounts and in such manner as the depositary deems necessary and practicable to pay such taxes and distribute any remaining net proceeds or the balance of any such property after deduction of such taxes to the ADR holders entitled thereto.

By holding an ADR or an interest therein, you will be agreeing to indemnify us, the depositary, its custodian and any of our or their respective officers, directors, employees, agents and affiliates against, and hold each of them harmless from, any claims by any governmental authority with respect to taxes, additions to tax, penalties or interest arising out of any refund of taxes, reduced rate of withholding at source or other tax benefit obtained.

Reclassifications, Recapitalizations and Mergers

If we take certain actions that affect the deposited securities, including (i) any change in par value, split-up, consolidation, cancellation or other reclassification of deposited securities or (ii) any distributions of shares or other property not made to holders of ADRs or (iii) any recapitalization, reorganization, merger, consolidation, liquidation, receivership, bankruptcy or sale of all or substantially all of our assets, then the depositary may choose to, and shall if reasonably requested by us:

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amend the form of ADR;

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distribute additional or amended ADRs;

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distribute cash, securities or other property it has received in connection with such actions;

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sell any securities or property received and distribute the proceeds as cash; or

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none of the above.

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If the depositary does not choose any of the above options, any of the cash, securities or other property it receives will constitute part of the deposited securities and each ADS will then represent a proportionate interest in such property.

Amendment and Termination

How may the deposit agreement be amended?

We may agree with the depositary to amend the deposit agreement and the ADSs without your consent for any reason. ADR holders must be given at least 30 days’ notice of any amendment that imposes or increases any fees or charges (other than stock transfer or other taxes and other governmental charges, transfer or registration fees, SWIFT, cable, facsimile transmission or any other method of communication costs, delivery costs or other such expenses), or otherwise prejudices any substantial existing right of ADR holders. Such notice need not describe in detail the specific amendments effectuated thereby, but must identify to ADR holders a means to access the text of such amendment. If an ADR holder continues to hold an ADR or ADRs after being so notified, such ADR holder is deemed to agree to such an amendment   and to be bound by the deposit agreement as so amended. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any governmental body or regulatory body should adopt new laws, rules or regulations which would require amendment or supplement of the deposit agreement or the form of ADR to ensure compliance therewith, we and the depositary may amend or supplement the deposit agreement and the ADR at any time in accordance with such changed laws, rules or regulations, which amendment or supplement may take effect before a notice is given or within any other period of time as required for compliance. No amendment, however, will impair your right to surrender your ADSs and receive the underlying securities, except in order to comply with mandatory provisions of applicable law.

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How may the deposit agreement be terminated?

The depositary shall, at any time at our written direction, terminate the deposit agreement by mailing notice of such termination to the ADRs holders at least thirty (30) days prior to the termination date. The depositary may also terminate the deposit agreement by mailing notice of such termination to the registered holders of ADRs at least thirty (30) days prior to the termination date if (A) sixty (60) days shall have expired after the resignation notice date and a successor depositary shall not be operating under the deposit agreement, (B) sixty (60) days shall have expired after the removal notice date and a successor depositary shall not be operating under the deposit agreement, (C) the Company is bankrupt, in liquidation proceedings or insolvent, (D) the ADRs are delisted from a “national securities exchange” ​(that has registered with the Commission under Section 6 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), (E) the Company effects (or will effect) a redemption of all or substantially all of the deposited securities, or a cash or share distribution representing a return of all or substantially all of the value of the Deposited Securities, (F) there are no Deposited Securities with respect to ADSs remaining, including if the Deposited Securities are cancelled, or the Deposited Securities have been deemed to have no value, or (G) there occurs a merger, consolidation, sale of assets or other transaction as a result of which securities or other property are delivered in exchange for or in lieu of deposited securities. After the termination date, (a) the depositary and its agents will perform no further acts under the deposit agreement and this ADR, except to receive and hold (or sell) distributions on deposited securities, deliver deposited securities being withdrawn (b) the depositary may endeavor to publicly or privately sell (as long as it may lawfully do so) the deposited securities, which sale may be effected in a block sale/single lot transaction and, after the settlement of such sale(s), to the extent legally permissible and practicable, distribute or hold in an account (which may be a segregated or unsegregated account) the net proceeds of such sale(s), less any amounts owing to the depositary (including, without limitation, cancellation fees), together with any other cash then held by it under the deposit agreement, in trust, without liability for interest, for the pro rata benefit of the ADRs holders entitled thereto and (c) the depositary shall use its reasonable efforts to ensure that the ADSs cease to be DTC eligible and that neither DTC nor any of its nominees shall thereafter be a registered holder of ADRs. At such time as the ADSs cease to be DTC eligible and/or neither DTC nor any of its nominees is a registered holder of ADRs, the depositary shall (A) cancel this ADR and all other outstanding ADRs, (B) request DTC to provide the depositary with information on those holding ADSs through DTC and, upon receipt thereof, revise the ADR Register to reflect the information provided by DTC, (c) instruct its custodian to deliver all shares to us, our subsidiary or affiliate or registered office provider or an independent trust company engaged by us to hold those deposited securities in trust for the beneficial owners of the ADRs if the Company is not permitted to hold any of the deposited securities under applicable law and/or the Company has directed the depositary to deliver such deposited Securities along with a stock transfer form and/or such other instruments of transfer covering such deposited securities as are needed under applicable law and (b) provide us with a copy of the ADR register maintained by the depositary. Upon receipt of any instrument of transfer covering such deposited securities, any applicable share certificate or indemnity for lost share certificate and the ADR Register, we have agreed to (I) approve the transfer of the deposited securities previously represented by their ADRs to the persons listed on the ADR Register (as applicable), (II) procure the relevant updates to the register of members of the Company to reflect the transfer of the deposited securities previously represented by their ADRs to the persons listed on the ADR Register (as applicable) and (III) provide the depositary with a certified copy of the updated register of members of the Company.

Limitations on Obligations and Liability to ADR holders

Limits on our obligations and the obligations of the depositary; limits on liability to ADR holders and holders of ADSs

Prior to the issue, registration, registration of transfer, split-up, combination, or cancellation of any ADRs, or the delivery of any distribution in respect thereof, and from time to time in the case of the production of proofs as described below, we or the depositary or its custodian may require:

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payment with respect thereto of (i) any stock transfer or other tax or other governmental charge, (ii) any stock transfer or registration fees in effect for the registration of transfers of shares or other deposited securities upon any applicable register and (iii) any applicable fees and expenses described in the deposit agreement;

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the production of proof satisfactory to it of (i) the identity of any signatory and genuineness of any signature and (ii) such other information, including without limitation, information as to citizenship, residence, exchange control approval, beneficial ownership of any securities, compliance with applicable law, regulations, provisions of or governing deposited securities and terms of the deposit agreement and the ADRs, as it may deem necessary or proper; and

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compliance with such regulations as the depositary may establish consistent with the deposit agreement or as the depositary believes are required, necessary or advisable in order to comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations.

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The issuance of ADRs, the acceptance of deposits of shares, the registration, registration of transfer, split-up or combination of ADRs or the withdrawal and delivery of shares, may be suspended, generally or in particular instances, when the ADR register or any register for deposited securities is closed or when any such action is deemed required, necessary or advisable by the depositary for any reason; provided that the ability to withdraw shares may only be limited under the following circumstances: (i) temporary delays caused by closing transfer books of the depositary or our transfer books or the deposit of shares in connection with voting at a shareholders’ meeting, or the payment of dividends, (ii) the payment of fees, taxes, and similar charges, and (iii) compliance with any laws or governmental regulations relating to ADRs or to the withdrawal of deposited securities.

The deposit agreement expressly limits the obligations and liability of the depositary, ourselves and our respective agents, provided, however, that no disclaimer of liability under the Securities Act of 1933 is intended by any of the limitations of liabilities provisions of the deposit agreement. In the deposit agreement it provides that neither we nor the depositary nor any such agent will be liable if:

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any present or future law, rule, regulation, fiat, order or decree of the United States, the Cayman Islands, the People’s Republic of China (including the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the People’s Republic of China) or any other country or jurisdiction, or of any governmental or regulatory authority or securities exchange or market or automated quotation system, the provisions of or governing any deposited securities, any present or future provision of our charter, any act of God, war, terrorism, nationalization, expropriation, currency restrictions, work stoppage, strike, civil unrest, revolutions, rebellions, explosions, computer failure or circumstance beyond our, the depositary’s or our respective agents’ direct and immediate control shall prevent or delay, or shall cause any of them to be subject to any civil or criminal penalty in connection with, any act which the deposit agreement or the ADRs provide shall be done or performed by us, the depositary or our respective agents (including, without limitation, voting);

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it exercises or fails to exercise discretion under the deposit agreement or the ADRs including, without limitation, any failure to determine that any distribution or action may be lawful or reasonably practicable;

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it performs its obligations under the deposit agreement and ADRs without gross negligence or willful misconduct;

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it takes any action or refrains from taking any action in reliance upon the advice of or information from legal counsel, accountants, any person presenting shares for deposit, any registered holder of ADRs, or any other person believed by it to be competent to give such advice or information; or

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it relies upon any written notice, request, direction, instruction or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed, presented or given by the proper party or parties.

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Neither the depositary nor its agents have any obligation to appear in, prosecute or defend any action, suit or other proceeding in respect of any deposited securities or the ADRs. We and our agents shall only be obligated to appear in, prosecute or defend any action, suit or other proceeding in respect of any deposited securities or the ADRs, which in our opinion may involve us in expense or liability, if indemnity satisfactory to us against all expense (including fees and disbursements of counsel) and liability is furnished as often as may be required. The depositary and its agents may fully respond to any and all demands or requests for information maintained by or on its behalf in connection with the deposit agreement, any registered holder or holders of ADRs, any ADRs or otherwise related to the deposit agreement or ADRs to the extent such information is requested or required by or pursuant to any lawful authority, including without limitation

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laws, rules, regulations, administrative or judicial process, banking, securities or other regulators. The depositary shall not be liable for the acts or omissions made by, or the insolvency of, any securities depository, clearing agency or settlement system. Furthermore, the depositary shall not be responsible for, and shall incur no liability in connection with or arising from, the insolvency of any custodian that is not a branch or affiliate of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the deposit agreement or any ADRs, the depositary shall not be responsible for, and shall incur no liability in connection with or arising from, any act or omission to act on the part of the custodian except to the extent that the custodian has (i) committed fraud or willful misconduct in the provision of custodial services to the depositary or (ii) failed to use reasonable care in the provision of custodial services to the depositary as determined in accordance with the standards prevailing in the jurisdiction in which the custodian is located. The depositary and the custodian(s) may use third party delivery services and providers of information regarding matters such as pricing, proxy voting, corporate actions, class action litigation and other services in connection with the ADRs and the deposit agreement, and use local agents to provide extraordinary services such as attendance at annual meetings of issuers of securities. Although the depositary and the custodian will use reasonable care (and cause their agents to use reasonable care) in the selection and retention of such third party providers and local agents, they will not be responsible for any errors or omissions made by them in providing the relevant information or services. The depositary shall not have any liability for the price received in connection with any public or private sale of securities, the timing thereof or any delay in action or omission to act nor shall it be responsible for any error or delay in action, omission to act, default or negligence on the part of the party so retained in connection with any such sale or proposed sale.

The depositary has no obligation to inform ADR holders about the requirements of Cayman Islands or People’s Republic of China law, rules or regulations or any changes therein or thereto.

Additionally, none of us, the depositary or the custodian shall be liable for the failure by any registered holder of ADRs or beneficial owner therein to obtain the benefits of credits on the basis of non-U.S. tax paid against such holder’s or beneficial owner’s income tax liability. Neither we nor the depositary shall incur any liability for any tax consequences that may be incurred by registered holders or beneficial owners on account of their ownership of ADRs or ADSs.

Neither the depositary nor its agents will be responsible for any failure to carry out any instructions to vote any of the deposited securities, for the manner in which any such vote is cast or for the effect of any such vote. The depositary may rely upon instructions from us or our counsel in respect of any approval or license required for any currency conversion, transfer or distribution. The depositary shall not incur any liability for the content of any information submitted to it by us or on our behalf for distribution to ADR holders or for any inaccuracy of any translation thereof, for any investment risk associated with acquiring an interest in the deposited securities, for the validity or worth of the deposited securities, for the credit-worthiness of any third party, for allowing any rights to lapse upon the terms of the deposit agreement or for the failure or timeliness of any notice from us. The depositary shall not be liable for any acts or omissions made by a successor depositary whether in connection with a previous act or omission of the depositary or in connection with any matter arising wholly after the removal or resignation of the depositary. Neither the depositary nor any of its agents shall be liable to registered holders or beneficial owners of interests in ADSs for any indirect, special, punitive or consequential damages (including, without limitation, legal fees and expenses) or lost profits, in each case of any form incurred by any person or entity, whether or not foreseeable and regardless of the type of action in which such a claim may be brought.

In the deposit agreement each party thereto (including, for avoidance of doubt, each holder and beneficial owner and/or holder of interests in ADRs) irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any right it may have to a trial by jury in any suit, action or proceeding against the depositary and/or us directly or indirectly arising out of or relating to the shares or other deposited securities, the ADSs or the ADRs, the deposit agreement or any transaction contemplated therein, or the breach thereof (whether based on contract, tort, common law or any other theory).

The depositary and its agents may own and deal in any class of securities of our company and our affiliates and in ADRs.

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Disclosure of Interest in ADSs

To the extent that the provisions of or governing any deposited securities may require disclosure of or impose limits on beneficial or other ownership of deposited securities, other shares and other securities and may provide for blocking transfer, voting or other rights to enforce such disclosure or limits, you agree to comply with all such disclosure requirements and ownership limitations and to comply with any reasonable instructions we may provide in respect thereof.

Books of Depositary

The depositary or its agent will maintain a register for the registration, registration of transfer, combination and split-up of ADRs, which register shall include the depositary’s direct registration system. Registered holders of ADRs may inspect such records at the depositary’s office at all reasonable times, but solely for the purpose of communicating with other holders in the interest of the business of our company or a matter relating to the deposit agreement. Such register may be closed at any time or from time to time, when deemed expedient by the depositary or, in the case of the issuance book portion of the ADR Register, when reasonably requested by the Company solely in order to enable the Company to comply with applicable law.

The depositary will maintain facilities for the delivery and receipt of ADRs.

Appointment

In the deposit agreement, each registered holder of ADRs and each Beneficial Owner, upon acceptance of any ADSs (or any interest in any of them) issued in accordance with the terms and conditions of the deposit agreement will be deemed for all purposes to:

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be a party to and bound by the terms of the deposit agreement and the applicable ADR or ADRs, and

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appoint the depositary its attorney-in-fact, with full power to delegate, to act on its behalf and to take any and all actions contemplated in the deposit agreement and the applicable ADR or ADRs, to adopt any and all procedures necessary to comply with applicable laws and to take such action as the depositary in its sole discretion may deem necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of the deposit agreement and the applicable ADR and ADRs, the taking of such actions to be the conclusive determinant of the necessity and appropriateness thereof.

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Governing Law

The deposit agreement and the ADRs shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. In the deposit agreement, we have submitted to the jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New York and appointed an agent for service of process on our behalf. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) any action based on the deposit agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby may be instituted by the depositary in any competent court in the Cayman Islands, the United States and/or any other court of competent jurisdiction, (ii) the depositary may, in its sole discretion, elect to institute any action, controversy, claim or dispute directly or indirectly based on, arising out of or relating to the deposit agreement or the ADRs or the transactions contemplated herein, therein, hereby or thereby, including without limitation any question regarding its or their existence, validity, interpretation, performance or termination, against any other party or parties to the deposit agreement (including, without limitation, against ADR holders and Beneficial Owners), by having the matter referred to and finally resolved by an arbitration conducted under the terms described below, and (iii) the depositary may in its sole discretion require that any dispute brought against the depositary by any party or parties to the deposit agreement (including, without limitation, by ADR holders and Beneficial Owners) be referred to and finally settled by an arbitration conducted under the terms described below. Any such arbitration shall be conducted in the English language either in New York, New York in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association or in Hong Kong following the arbitration rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL).

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By holding or owning an ADR or ADS or an interest therein, registered holders of ADRs and Beneficial Owners each irrevocably agree that any legal suit, action or proceeding against or involving us or the depositary, arising out of or based upon the deposit agreement, the ADSs or the transactions contemplated thereby, may only be instituted in a state or federal court in New York, New York, and each irrevocably waives any objection that it may have to the laying of venue of any such proceeding, and irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding.

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DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED SHARES

The board of directors is authorized, subject to any limitations prescribed by law, without further vote or action by the shareholders, to issue from time to time shares of preferred shares in one or more series. Each such series of preferred shares shall have such number of shares, designations, preferences, voting powers, qualifications, and special or relative rights or privileges as shall be determined by the board of directors, which may include, among others, dividend rights, voting rights, liquidation preferences, conversion rights and preemptive rights. Issuance of preferred shares by our board of directors may result in such shares having dividend and/or liquidation preferences senior to the rights of the holders of our ordinary shares and could dilute the voting rights of the holders of our ordinary shares.

The board of directors shall fix for each class or series the designations, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions, including, but not limited to, some or all of the following:

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the designation of such series, the number of preferred shares to constitute such series and the subscription price thereof if different from the par value;

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whether the preferred shares of such series shall have voting rights, in addition to any voting rights provided by law, and, if so, the terms of such voting rights, which may be general or limited;

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the dividends, if any, payable on such series, whether any such dividends shall be cumulative, and, if so, from what dates, the conditions and dates upon which such dividends shall be payable, and the preference or relation which such dividends shall bear to the dividends payable on any shares of any other class or any other series of shares;

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whether the preferred shares of such series shall be subject to redemption by the Company, and, if so, the times, prices and other conditions of such redemption;

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whether the preferred shares of such series shall have any rights to receive any part of the assets available for distribution upon the liquidation of the Company, and, if so, the terms of such liquidation preference, and the relation which such liquidation preference shall bear to the entitlements of the holders of shares of any other class or any other series of shares;

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whether the preferred shares of such series shall be subject to the operation of a retirement or sinking fund and, if so, the extent to and manner in which any such retirement or sinking fund shall be applied to the purchase or redemption of the preferred shares of such series for retirement or other corporate purposes and the terms and provisions relative to the operation thereof;

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whether the preferred shares of such series shall be convertible into, or exchangeable for, shares of any other class or any other series of preferred shares or any other securities and, if so, the price or prices or the rate or rates of conversion or exchange and the method, if any, of adjusting the same, and any other terms and conditions of conversion or exchange;

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the limitations and restrictions, if any, to be effective while any preferred shares of such series are outstanding upon the payment of dividends or the making of other distributions on, and upon the purchase, redemption or other acquisition by the Company of, the existing shares or shares of any other class of shares or any other series of preferred shares;

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the conditions or restrictions, if any, upon the creation of indebtedness of the Company or upon the issue of any additional shares, including additional shares of such series or of any other class of shares or any other series of preferred shares; and

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any other powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights, and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof.

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DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS

We may issue subscription rights to purchase our ordinary shares and/or our ADSs. These subscription rights may be issued independently or together with any other security offered hereby and may or may not be transferable by the shareholder receiving the subscription rights in such offering. In connection with any offering of subscription rights, we may enter into a standby arrangement with one or more underwriters or other purchasers pursuant to which the underwriters or other purchasers may be required to purchase any securities remaining unsubscribed for after such offering.

The prospectus supplement relating to any subscription rights we offer, if any, will, to the extent applicable, include specific terms relating to the offering, including some or all of the following:

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the price, if any, for the subscription rights;

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the exercise price payable for each ordinary share and/or ADS upon the exercise of the subscription rights;

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the number of subscription rights to be issued to each shareholder;

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the number and terms of the ordinary shares and/or ADSs which may be purchased per each subscription right;

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the extent to which the subscription rights are transferable;

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any other terms of the subscription rights, including the terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the subscription rights;

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the date on which the right to exercise the subscription rights shall commence, and the date on which the subscription rights shall expire;

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the extent to which the subscription rights may include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities; and

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if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or purchase arrangement which may be entered into by us in connection with the offering of subscription rights.

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The description in the applicable prospectus supplement of any subscription rights we offer will not necessarily be complete and will be qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable subscription right agreement, which will be filed with the SEC if we offer subscription rights and will be subject to the Company’s memorandum and articles of association. For more information on how you can obtain copies of the applicable subscription right agreement if we offer subscription rights, see “Where You Can Find More Information” beginning on page 48 and “Incorporation of Documents by Reference” beginning on page 2. We urge you to read the applicable subscription right agreement and any applicable prospectus supplement in their entirety.

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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

We may issue and offer warrants under the material terms and conditions described in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement. The accompanying prospectus supplement may add, update or change the terms and conditions of the warrants as described in this prospectus.

We may issue warrants to purchase shares of ordinary shares, ADSs or preferred shares in one or more series. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any other securities and may be attached to, or separate from, such securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a warrant agent. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency for or with holders or beneficial owners of warrants. The terms of any warrants to be issued and a description of the material provisions of the applicable warrant agreement will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the following terms of any warrants in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered:

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the title of such warrants;

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the aggregate number of such warrants;

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the price or prices at which such warrants will be issued and exercised;

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the currency or currencies in which the price of such warrants will be payable;

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the securities purchasable upon exercise of such warrants;

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the date on which the right to exercise such warrants shall commence and the date on which such right shall expire;

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if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of such warrants which may exercise at one time;

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if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which such warrants are issued and the number of such warrants issued with each such security;

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if applicable, the date on and after which such warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable;

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information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;

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material Cayman Islands and United States federal income tax consequences, if any;

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the anti-dilution provisions of the warrants, if any; and

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any other terms of such warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of such warrants

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The description in the applicable prospectus supplement of any warrants we offer will not necessarily be complete and will be qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable warrant agreement and warrant certificate, which will be filed with the SEC if we offer warrants. For more information on how you can obtain copies of the applicable warrant agreement and warrant certificate if we offer warrants, see “Where You Can Find More Information” beginning on page 48 and “Incorporation of Documents by Reference” beginning on page 2. We urge you to read the applicable warrant agreement and warrant certificate and any applicable prospectus supplement in their entirety.

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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

We may issue units comprised of one or more of the other securities described in this prospectus in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date.

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe:

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the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately;

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the material terms of a unit agreement under which the units will be issued;

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any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer, or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units; and

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whether the units will be issued in fully registered or global form.

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The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any units. The preceding description and any description of units in the applicable prospectus supplement does not purport to be complete and is subject to and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the unit agreement and, if applicable, collateral arrangements and depositary arrangements relating to such units. For more information on how you can obtain copies of the applicable unit agreement if we offer units, see “Where You Can Find More Information” beginning on page 48 and “Incorporation of Documents by Reference” beginning on page 2. We urge you to read the applicable unit agreement and any applicable prospectus supplement in their entirety.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

The securities being offered by this prospectus may be sold:

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through agents;

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to or through one or more underwriters on a firm commitment or agency basis;

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through put or call option transactions relating to the securities;

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to or through dealers, who may act as agents or principals, including a block trade (which may involve crosses) in which a broker or dealer so engaged will attempt to sell as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;

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through privately negotiated transactions;

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purchases by a broker or dealer as principal and resale by such broker or dealer for its own account pursuant to this prospectus;

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directly to purchasers, including our affiliates, through a specific bidding or auction process, on a negotiated basis or otherwise; to or through one or more underwriters on a firm commitment or best efforts basis;

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exchange distributions and/or secondary distributions;

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ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker solicits purchasers;

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in “at-the-market” offerings, within the meaning of Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act to or through a market maker or into an existing trading market, on an exchange or otherwise;

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transactions not involving market makers or established trading markets, including direct sales or privately negotiated transactions;

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transactions in options, swaps or other derivatives that may or may not be listed on an exchange or

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through any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law; or

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through a combination of any such methods of sale.

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At any time a particular offer of the securities covered by this prospectus is made, a revised prospectus or prospectus supplement, if required, will be distributed which will set forth the aggregate amount of securities covered by this prospectus being offered and the terms of the offering, including the name or names of any underwriters, dealers, brokers or agents, any discounts, commissions, concessions and other items constituting compensation from us and any discounts, commissions or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers. Such prospectus supplement, and, if necessary, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, will be filed with the SEC to reflect the disclosure of additional information with respect to the distribution of the securities covered by this prospectus. In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the securities sold under this prospectus may only be sold through registered or licensed broker-dealers. In addition, in some states the securities may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from registration or qualification requirements is available and is complied with.

The distribution of securities may be affected from time to time in one or more transactions, including block transactions and transactions on the Nasdaq or any other organized market where the securities may be traded. The securities may be sold at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices relating to the prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. The consideration may be cash or another form negotiated by the parties. Agents, underwriters, or broker-dealers may be paid compensation for offering and selling the securities. That compensation may be in the form of discounts, concessions, or commissions to be received from us or from the purchasers of the securities. Any dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters, and compensation received by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts. If any such dealers or agents were deemed to be underwriters, they may be subject to statutory liabilities under the Securities Act.

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Agents may from time to time solicit offers to purchase the securities. If required, we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any agent involved in the offer or sale of the securities and set forth any compensation payable to the agent. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, any agent will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of its appointment. Any agent selling the securities covered by this prospectus may be deemed to be an underwriter, as that term is defined in the Securities Act, of the securities.

To the extent that we make sales to or through one or more underwriters or agents in at-the-market offerings, we will do so pursuant to the terms of a distribution agreement between us and the underwriters or agents. If we engage in at-the-market sales pursuant to a distribution agreement, we will sell any of our listed securities to or through one or more underwriters or agents, which may act on an agency basis or on a principal basis. During the term of any such agreement, we may sell any of our listed securities on a daily basis in exchange transactions or otherwise as we agree with the underwriters or agents. The distribution agreement will provide that any of our listed securities which are sold will be sold at prices related to the then prevailing market prices for our listed securities. Therefore, exact figures regarding proceeds that will be raised or commissions to be paid cannot be determined at this time and will be described in a prospectus supplement. Pursuant to the terms of the distribution agreement, we also may agree to sell, and the relevant underwriters or agents may agree to solicit offers to purchase, blocks of our listed securities. The terms of each such distribution agreement will be set forth in more detail in a prospectus supplement to this prospectus.

If underwriters are used in a sale, securities will be acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or under delayed delivery contracts or other contractual commitments. Securities may be offered to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting as underwriters. If an underwriter or underwriters are used in the sale of securities, an underwriting agreement will be executed with the underwriter or underwriters, as well as any other underwriter or underwriters, with respect to a particular underwritten offering of securities, and will set forth the terms of the transactions, including compensation of the underwriters and dealers and the public offering price, if applicable. The prospectus and prospectus supplement will be used by the underwriters to resell the securities.

If a dealer is used in the sale of the securities, we or an underwriter will sell the securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale. To the extent required, we will set forth in the prospectus supplement the name of the dealer and the terms of the transactions.

We may directly solicit offers to purchase the securities and may make sales of securities directly to institutional investors or others. These persons may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any resale of the securities. To the extent required, the prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any such sales, including the terms of any bidding or auction process, if used.

Agents, underwriters, and dealers may be entitled under agreements which may be entered into with us to indemnification by us against specified liabilities, including liabilities incurred under the Securities Act, or to contribution by us to payments they may be required to make in respect of such liabilities. If required, the prospectus supplement will describe the terms and conditions of the indemnification or contribution. Some of the agents, underwriters or dealers, or their affiliates may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us or our subsidiaries.

Any person participating in the distribution of securities registered under the registration statement that includes this prospectus will be subject to applicable provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and the applicable SEC rules and regulations, including, among others, Regulation M, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of our securities by that person. Furthermore, Regulation M may restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of our securities to engage in market-making activities with respect to our securities. These restrictions may affect the marketability of our securities and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to our securities.

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Certain persons participating in an offering may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short-covering transactions, penalty bids and other transactions that stabilize, maintain, or otherwise affect the price of the offered securities. These activities may maintain the price of the offered securities at levels above those that might otherwise prevail in the open market, including by entering stabilizing bids, effecting syndicate covering transactions or imposing penalty bids, each of which is described below:

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a stabilizing bid means the placing of any bid, or the effecting of any purchase, for the purpose of pegging, fixing, or maintaining the price of a security.

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a syndicate covering transaction means the placing of any bid on behalf of the underwriting syndicate or the effecting of any purchase to reduce a short position created in connection with the offering.

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a penalty bid means an arrangement that permits the managing underwriter to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member in connection with the offering when offered securities originally sold by the syndicate member are purchased in syndicate covering transactions.

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These transactions may be affected on an exchange or automated quotation system, if the securities are listed on that exchange or admitted for trading on that automated quotation system, or in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.

If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit offers from certain types of institutions to purchase offered securities from us at the public offering price set forth in such prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. Such contracts will be subject only to those conditions set forth in the prospectus supplement and the prospectus supplement will set forth the commission payable for solicitation of such contracts.

In addition, ordinary shares, ADSs or warrants may be issued upon conversion of or in exchange preferred shares or other securities.

Any underwriters to whom offered securities are sold for public offering and sale may make a market in such offered securities, but such underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. The offered securities may or may not be listed on a national securities exchange. No assurance can be given that there will be a market for the offered securities.

Any securities that qualify for sale pursuant to Rule 144 or Regulation S under the Securities Act, may be sold under Rule 144 or Regulation S rather than pursuant to this prospectus.

In connection with offerings made through underwriters or agents, we may enter into agreements with such underwriters or agents pursuant to which we receive our outstanding securities in consideration for the securities being offered to the public for cash. In connection with these arrangements, the underwriters or agents may also sell securities covered by this prospectus to hedge their positions in these outstanding securities, including in short sale transactions. If so, the underwriters or agents may use the securities received from us under these arrangements to close out any related open borrowings of securities.

We may enter into derivative transactions with third parties or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives, such third parties (or affiliates of such third parties) may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, such third parties (or affiliates of such third parties) may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of shares and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of shares. The third parties (or affiliates of such third parties) in such sale transactions will be underwriters and will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement (or a post- effective amendment).

We may loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities using this prospectus. Such a financial institution or third party may transfer its short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a simultaneous offering of other securities offered by this prospectus or in connection with a simultaneous offering of other securities offered by this prospectus.

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TAXATION

Material income tax consequences relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of any of the securities offered by this prospectus will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to the offering of those securities.

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EXPENSES RELATED TO THE OFFERING

We will incur a SEC registration fee of US$76,550, and will also incur printing costs, legal fees and expenses, accountants’ fees and expenses, and other listing and qualifications fees in connection with the offering of securities. Expenses of any of the securities offered by this prospectus will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement(s) relating to the offering of those securities.

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ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands to take advantage of certain benefits associated with being a Cayman Islands exempted limited liability company, such as political and economic stability, an effective judicial system (except for certain disadvantages discussed below), a favorable tax system, the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions and the availability of professional and support services. However, certain disadvantages accompany incorporation in the Cayman Islands. These disadvantages include that the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and provides significantly less protection to investors. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States. Our constituent documents do not contain provisions requiring that disputes be submitted to arbitration, including those arising under the securities laws of the United States, between us, our officers, directors and shareholders.

We conduct all of our current operations outside the United States, and all of our assets are located outside the United States. All of our directors and executive officers are nationals or residents of jurisdictions other than the United States and most of their assets are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for a shareholder to effect service of process within the United States upon us or such persons, or to enforce against us, our assets, our directors or officers, or the judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.

Cayman Islands

Travers Thorp Alberga, Attorneys at Law, our counsel as to Cayman Islands law, has advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands would (1) recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against us or our directors or officers, predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States, or (2) entertain original actions brought in the Cayman Islands against us, our assets, or our directors or officers, predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.

Travers Thorp Alberga, Attorneys at Law, has informed us that although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the federal or state courts of the United States (and the Cayman Islands are not a party to any treaties for the reciprocal enforcement or recognition of such judgments), a judgment obtained in such jurisdiction will be recognized and enforced in the courts of the Cayman Islands at common law, without any re-examination of the merits of the underlying dispute, by an action commenced on the foreign judgment debt in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, provided such judgment (a) is given by a foreign court of competent jurisdiction, (b) imposes on the judgment debtor a liability to pay a liquidated sum for which the judgment has been given, (c) is final, (d) is not in respect of taxes, a fine or a penalty; and (e) was not obtained in a manner and is not of a kind the enforcement of which is contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands. However, the Cayman Islands courts are unlikely to enforce a judgment obtained from the U.S. courts under civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities law if such judgment is determined by the courts of the Cayman Islands to give rise to obligations to make payments that are penal or punitive in nature. Because such a determination has not yet been made by a court of the Cayman Islands, it is uncertain whether such civil liability judgments from U.S. courts would be enforceable in the Cayman Islands.

However, the Cayman Islands courts are unlikely to enforce a judgment obtained from the United States courts under the civil liability provisions of the securities laws if such judgment is determined by the courts of the Cayman Islands to give rise to obligations to make payments that are penal or punitive in nature. A Cayman Islands court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere.

Singapore

Harry Elias Partnership LLP, our counsel as to Singapore law, has advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether judgments of courts in the United States based upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state or territory of the United States will be recognized and/or enforced by the Singapore courts, and there is doubt as to whether the Singapore courts will enter judgments

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in original actions brought in the Singapore courts based solely on the civil liability provisions of these securities laws. An in persona final and conclusive judgment in the federal or state courts of the United States under which a fixed sum of money is payable may generally be enforced as a debt in the Singapore courts under the common law as long as it is established that the Singapore courts have jurisdiction over the judgment debtor. However, the Singapore courts are unlikely to enforce a foreign judgment if (a) the foreign judgment is inconsistent with a prior local judgment that is binding on the same parties; (b) the recognition or enforcement of the foreign judgment would contravene the public policy of Singapore; (c) the proceedings in which the foreign judgment was obtained were contrary to principles of natural justice; (d) the foreign judgment was obtained by fraud; or (e) the enforcement of the foreign judgment amounts to the direct or indirect enforcement of a foreign penal, revenue or other public law.

In particular, the Singapore Courts may potentially not allow the enforcement of any foreign judgment for a sum payable in respect of taxes, fines, penalties or other similar charges, including the judgments of courts in the United States based upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state or territory of the United States. In respect of civil liability provisions of the United States federal and state securities laws that permit punitive damages against us and our Directors or Executive Officers, we are unaware of any decision by the Singapore courts that has considered the specific issue of whether a judgment of a United States court based on such civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state or territory of the United States is enforceable in Singapore.

Hong Kong

Taylor Wessing, our counsel as to Hong Kong law, has advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of Hong Kong would (i) recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States or (ii) entertain original actions brought in Hong Kong against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.

A judgment of a court in the United States predicated upon U.S. federal or state securities laws may be enforced in Hong Kong at common law by bringing an action in a Hong Kong court on that judgment for the amount due thereunder, and then seeking summary judgment on the strength of the foreign judgment, provided that the foreign judgment, among other things, is (1) for a debt or a definite sum of money (not being taxes or similar charges to a foreign government taxing authority or a fine or other penalty) and (2) final and conclusive on the merits of the claim, but not otherwise. Such a judgment may not, in any event, be so enforced in Hong Kong if (a) it was obtained by fraud; (b) the proceedings in which the judgment was obtained were opposed to natural justice; (c) its enforcement or recognition would be contrary to the public policy of Hong Kong; (d) the court of the United States was not jurisdictionally competent; or (e) the judgment was in conflict with a prior Hong Kong judgment.

Hong Kong has no arrangement for the reciprocal enforcement of judgments with the United States. As a result, there is uncertainty as to the enforceability in Hong Kong, in original actions or in actions for enforcement, of judgments of United States courts of civil liabilities predicated solely upon the federal securities laws of the United States or the securities laws of any State or territory within the United States.

PRC

Jingtian & Gongcheng, our counsel as to PRC law, has advised us that under the PRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments pursuant to treaties between China and the country where the judgment is rendered or reciprocity arrangements for the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. China does not have any treaties or other arrangements that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States or the Cayman Islands. Therefore, Jingtian & Gongcheng, our counsel as to PRC law, has advised us that there is substantial uncertainty as to whether the courts of the PRC would (1) recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against us, our assets or our directors or officers, predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States, or (2) entertain original actions brought in the PRC against us, our assets or our directors or officers, predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States. Under the PRC Civil Procedures Law, foreign shareholders may originate

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actions based on PRC law against us, our assets or our directors or officers in China if they can establish sufficient connection to China for a PRC court to have jurisdiction, and meet other procedural requirements, including, among others, the plaintiff must have a direct interest in the case, and there must be a concrete claim, a factual basis and a cause for the suit. However, it will be difficult for foreign shareholders, by virtue only of holding the ordinary shares, to establish a sufficient connection to China for a PRC court to have jurisdiction as required under the PRC Civil Procedures Law.

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LEGAL MATTERS

Except as otherwise set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, certain legal matters in connection with the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, our special United States counsel, to the extent governed by the laws of the State of New York, and by Travers Thorp Alberga, Attorneys at Law, our special legal counsel as to Cayman Islands law, to the extent governed by the laws of the Cayman Islands. If legal matters in connection with offerings made pursuant to this prospectus are passed upon by counsel to underwriters, dealers or agents, such counsel will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any such offering.

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EXPERTS

The following financial statements have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of WWC. P.C., an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting:

(i)

consolidated financial statements of Amber DWM and its subsidiaries incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Proxy Statement of iClick’s current report on Form 6-K filed on December 19, 2024;

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(ii)

consolidated financial statements of Amber International and its subsidiaries (previously known as iClick Interactive Asia Group Limited and its subsidiaries) incorporated in this prospectus by reference to Amber International’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2024; and

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consolidated financial statements of Amber DWM and its subsidiaries incorporated in this prospectus by reference to Amber International’s Transition Report on Form 20-F for the period from July 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024.

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The office of WWC. P.C. is located in San Mateo, California.

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form F-3, including amendments and relevant exhibits and schedules, under the Securities Act covering the securities to be sold in this offering. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, summarizes material provisions of contracts and other documents that we refer to in the prospectus. Since this prospectus does not contain all the information contained in the registration statement, you should read the registration statement and its exhibits and schedules for further information with respect to us and the securities we are offering. Our SEC filings, including the registration statement, are also available to you on the SEC’s Web site at http://www.sec.gov.

We are subject to the information reporting requirements of the Exchange Act that are applicable to foreign private issuers, and under those requirements we file reports with the SEC. Those other reports or other information may be inspected without charge at the locations described above. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act related to the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholder are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required under the Exchange Act to file annual, quarterly and current reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as United States companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. However, we file with the SEC, within four months after the end of each fiscal year, or such applicable time as required by the SEC, an annual report on Form 20-F containing financial statements audited by an independent registered public accounting firm.

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PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 8.   Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of directors and officers, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. The Registrant’s tenth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, adopted by its shareholders on January 3, 2025 and effective as of March 12, 2025, provides that the Registrant shall indemnify its directors and officers against all actions, costs, charges, losses, damages and expenses which they or any of them, their or any of their heirs, executors or administrators, shall or may incur or sustain by or by reason of any act done, concurred in or omitted in or about the execution of their duty, or supposed duty, in their respective offices or trusts; and none of them shall be answerable for the acts, receipts, neglects or defaults of the other or others of them or for joining in any receipts for the sake of conformity, or for any bankers or other persons with whom any moneys or effects belonging to the Registrant shall or may be lodged or deposited for safe custody, or for insufficiency or deficiency of any security upon which any moneys of or belonging to the Registrant shall be placed out on or invested, or for any other loss, misfortune or damage which may happen in the execution of their respective offices or trusts, or in relation thereto ; PROVIDED THAT this indemnity shall not extend to any matter in respect of any fraud or dishonesty which may attach to any of said persons.

In addition, each shareholder agrees to waive any claim or right of action he might have, whether individually or by or in the right of the Registrant, against any director on account of any action taken by such director, or the failure of such director to take any action in the performance of his duties with or for the Registrant; PROVIDED THAT such waiver shall not extend to any matter in respect of any fraud or dishonesty which may attach to such director.

The Registrant has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers. Under these agreements, the Registrant agree to indemnify our directors and executive officers against certain liabilities and expenses incurred by them in connection with claims made by reason of their being a director or officer of our company.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to the Registrant’s directors, officers or persons controlling the Registrant under the foregoing provisions, the Registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Item 9.   Exhibits

The index to exhibits appears below on the page immediately following the signature pages of this Registration Statement.

Item 10.   Undertakings

(a)   The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1)   To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement:

i.   To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

ii.   To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form

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of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;

iii.   To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and a(l)(iii) do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-3 or Form F-3 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

(2)   That for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and this offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3)   To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4)   To file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by Item 8.A. of Form 20-F at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Act need not be furnished, provided that the registrant includes in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph (a)(4) and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those financial statements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to registration statements on Form F-3, a post-effective amendment need not be filed to include financial statements and information required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Act or Rule 3-19 of this chapter if such financial statements and information are contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the Form F- 3.

(5)   That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:

i.

If the registrant is relying on Rule 430B:

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(A)

Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

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(B)

Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5) or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii) or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which the prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or

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modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

ii.   If the registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

(6)   That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:

The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

i.   Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

ii.   Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

iii.   The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

iv.   Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

(7)   The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(8)   Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the provisions described in Item 10 hereof, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

(9)   The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act (“Act”) in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under section 305(b)(2) of the Act.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.	​	​	Description	​
1.1*	​	​	Form of Underwriting Agreement	​
1.1	​	​	Tenth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2025 (File No. 001-38313))	​
4.2	​	​	Form of Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement among the Registrant, the depositary and holders of the American Depositary Receipts (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a)(2) to the Form F-6 Registration Statement (file No. 333-288354) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 26, 2025)	​
4.3	​	​	Registrant’s American Depositary Receipt (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s 424(B)3 filed on March 12, 2025 (File No. 333-221860))	​
4.4	​	​	Registrant’s Specimen Certificate for Class A Ordinary Shares (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2025 (File No. 001-38313))	​
4.5*	​	​	Registrant’s Specimen Certificate for Preferred Shares	​
4.6*	​	​	Form of Warrant Agreement (including Warrant Certificate)	​
4.7*	​	​	Form of Unit Agreement (including form of Unit Certificate)	​
4.8*	​	​	Form of Subscription Right Agreement (including form of Right Certificate)	​
4.9	​	​	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 29, 2024, by and among the Registrant, Overlord Merger Sub Ltd., and Amber DWM Holding Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Form 6-K (file No. 001-38313) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 29, 2024)	​
4.10	​	​	Amendment, Waiver and Framework Agreement, dated as of March 12, 2025, by and among iClick Interactive Asia Group Limited, Amber DWM Holding Limited, Overlord Merger Sub Ltd., Amber Global Limited and WhaleFin Technologies Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Form 6-K (file No. 001-38313) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 12, 2025)	​
4.11	​	​	Intercompany Services Agreement, dated as of March 12, 2025, by and among Amber Match Limited and WhaleFin Technologies Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to Form 6-K (file No. 001-38313) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 12, 2025)	​
5.1	​	​	Opinion of Travers Thorp Alberga, Attorneys at Law	​
23.1	​	​	Consent of WWC, P.C., an independent registered public accounting firm	​
23.2	​	​	Consent of Travers Thorp Alberga Attorneys at Law (included in Exhibit 5.1)	​
23.3	​	​	Consent of Jingtian & Gongcheng	​
23.4	​	​	Consent of Commerce & Finance Law Offices	​
23.5	​	​	Consent of Harry Elias Partnership LLP	​
23.6	​	​	Consent of Taylor Wessing	​
24.1	​	​	Power of Attorney (included on signature page hereto).	​
107	​	​	Filing Fee Table.	​

​

*

To be filed by amendment or by a report filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference, if applicable.

​

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunder duly authorized, in Singapore on July 7, 2025.

Amber International Holding Limited

By:

/s/ Wayne Huo

​

​

Name:

Wayne Huo

​

Title:

Chief Executive Officer and Director

​

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POWER OF ATTORNEY

Each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints each of Mr. Wayne Huo, Ms. Josephine Ngai Yuk Chun and Mr. Terence Li, acting alone, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments or supplements to this registration statement, whether pre-effective or post-effective and any and all additional registration statements pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to file the same with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing necessary or appropriate to be done with respect to this registration statement or any amendments or supplements hereto or any and all additional registration statements pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

​	Signature	​	​	Title	​	​	Date	​
​	/s/ Michael Wu ​ Michael Wu	​	​	Chairman of the Board	​	​	July 7, 2025	​
​	/s/ Wayne Huo ​ Wayne Huo	​	​	Chief Executive Officer and Director (principal executive officer)	​	​	July 7, 2025	​
​	/s/ Lub Bun Chong ​ Lub Bun Chong	​	​	Independent Director	​	​	July 7, 2025	​
​	/s/ Philip Kan ​ Philip Kan	​	​	Independent Director	​	​	July 7, 2025	​
​	/s/ Wing Wai Winson Ip ​ Wing Wai Winson Ip	​	​	Independent Director	​	​	July 7, 2025	​
​	/s/ Jie Jiao ​ Jie Jiao	​	​	Independent Director	​	​	July 7, 2025	​
​	/s/ Josephine Ngai Yuk Chun ​ Josephine Ngai Yuk Chun	​	​	Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer)	​	​	July 7, 2025	​

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AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE

Pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Amber International Holding Limited has signed this registration statement or amendment thereto in New York on July 7, 2025.

COGENCY GLOBAL INC

By:

/s/ Colleen A. De Vries

​

​

Name:

Colleen A. De Vries

​

Title:

Senior Vice President

​

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FAQ

How much can Amber International (AMBR) raise under the new Form F-3 shelf?

The registration statement permits issuance of up to US$500 million in securities (ADSs, preferred, warrants, rights or units).

What were Amber International’s Q1 2025 financial highlights?

Revenue US$14.94 m (+1,378% YoY), gross margin 73.7%, net income US$0.92 m, reversing a US$11.87 m loss in Q1 2024.

Will existing AMBR shareholders face dilution?

Potentially. The shelf gives the company discretion to issue new securities; pricing and amount will determine actual dilution levels.

What voting power do AMBR ADS holders have?

Each ADS represents five Class A shares with one vote per share. Insiders hold Class B shares with 30 votes each, concentrating control.

Why is PRC regulation a stated risk if AMBR operates mainly outside mainland China?

Hong Kong subsidiaries and cross-border data flows could come under evolving PRC rules on crypto, data security and capital controls, potentially impacting operations.

How will proceeds from future issuances be used?

The company states general corporate purposes; specific uses (e.g., product development, acquisitions) will be detailed in future prospectus supplements.