Item 7.01 Regulation FD Disclosure.
Grand Canyon Education, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), is a publicly traded education services company dedicated to serving colleges and universities. The Company’s most significant university partner is Grand Canyon University (“GCU”), an Arizona non-profit corporation that operates a comprehensive regionally accredited university that offers graduate and undergraduate degree programs, emphases and certificates across ten colleges both online and on ground at its campus in Phoenix, Arizona and at 11 off-campus classroom and laboratory sites.
Prior to July 1, 2018, the Company owned and operated GCU. On July 1, 2018, the Company sold GCU to an independent, Arizona non-profit corporation (the “Transaction”). As a result of the Transaction, the Company no longer owns and operates an institution of higher education, nor does it directly participate in Title IV programs regulated and overseen by the U.S. Department of Education (“ED”) under the Higher Education Act (“HEA”). Instead, the Company operates as an education service company to institutions of higher education that do participate in Title IV programs.
Since the Transaction, the Company and GCU have been subjected to a number of government-initiated or government-related legal proceedings. We are taking this opportunity to summarize those matters and highlight certain outcomes recently achieved. The first three matters described below, each of which relate solely to GCU, are included to provide additional background and context for the disclosures relating to the conclusion of the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC” or the “Commission”) and qui tam matters involving the Company:
GCU’s non-profit status. The Transaction was approved by GCU’s board of trustees based on its conclusion that it would be in the best interest of GCU’s students, faculty and staff for GCU to operate under the non-profit status that it previously held prior to 2004. Prior to the closing of the Transaction, the IRS, the Higher Learning Commission (GCU’s institutional accreditor) and the State of Arizona, among others, approved GCU’s non-profit designation. However, in November 2019, in connection with its approval of the Transaction without conditions, ED informed GCU that GCU did not satisfy ED’s definition of a non-profit entity and, as a result, that ED would continue to treat GCU as a proprietary institution for purposes of its continued participation in Title IV programs. After years of ongoing discussions and negotiations to resolve ED’s objections, ED again denied GCU’s non-profit status in January 2021. Thereafter, in order to pursue all available avenues for recourse on this matter, GCU opted to file a lawsuit against the ED, alleging that its 2019 and 2021 decisions overstepped its legal authority. While ED’s decision to continue to treat GCU as a for-profit institution was upheld by the federal district court in Arizona, in November 2024, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit unanimously held that ED had failed to apply the correct legal standards in reviewing GCU’s application and it reversed the district court’s decision and remanded with instructions to set aside ED’s decision and to remand to ED for further proceedings.
IRS reaffirmation of GCU’s tax-exempt status. Following the Ninth Circuit’s decision, on May 20, 2025, the IRS informed GCU that it had reaffirmed GCU’s 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status as an Arizona nonprofit institution after completing a comprehensive four-year examination of the university.
In light of the Ninth Circuit ruling and the IRS reaffirmation, ED is currently re-examining its classification of GCU as it pertains to Title IV funding.
GCU fine related to doctoral program disclosures. In October 2023, ED levied a $37.7 million fine against GCU based on allegations that GCU had substantially misrepresented the cost of its doctoral programs. GCU filed an appeal to ED’s Office of Hearings and Appeals, maintaining that the unsubstantiated accusations were gross mischaracterizations based on isolated, out-of-context statements from certain enrollment documents and that, in fact, GCU students receive robust information about the time, cost and credits needed to complete a doctoral degree throughout their enrollment and onboarding process. Moreover, GCU maintained that its disclosures surrounding continuation courses, which are common in higher education doctoral programs, provide more information than is legally required or that other universities typically provide. On May 16, 2025, in a Joint Stipulation of Dismissal order issued by ED’s Office of Hearings and Appeals, ED rescinded the fine in full, dismissed the case with no findings, fines, liabilities or penalties of any kind and confirmed that ED had not established that GCU violated any Title IV requirements or made any misrepresentations regarding the cost of its doctoral programs.
FTC action against GCE related to doctoral program disclosures. In coordination with ED’s action related to GCU’s doctoral programs, in December 2023, the FTC filed a lawsuit against GCU, the Company, and Brian Mueller that alleged, among other things, misrepresentations made in connection with marketing activities, including the cost and time to completion of GCU’s doctoral program and statements made related to GCU’s non-profit status during the period between the closing of the Transaction and November 2019. After GCU was dismissed from the FTC action on jurisdictional grounds, the FTC continued the case against the Company and Dr. Mueller. However, on August 15, 2025, the Commission voted unanimously to dismiss the case in its entirety, citing the Ninth Circuit decision, ED’s rescinding of its fine against GCU, and the IRS reaffirmation of GCU’s tax-exempt status in support of its decision that it would be imprudent for the FTC to continue pursuing its claims. The case was terminated with prejudice on August 19, 2025.
Qui tam action against GCE related to compensation policies. As previously disclosed in the Company’s periodic reports, in May 2020, the Company was served with a qui tam lawsuit that had been filed against the Company in 2018 in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts by a former employee on behalf of the federal government. All proceedings in the lawsuit had been under seal until February 2020, when the government decided to not intervene in the lawsuit, and the complaint was then unsealed by the court. The suit, United States ex rel Mackillop v. Grand Canyon Education, Inc., alleges that the Company violated
