Larimar completes nomlabofusp FDA application
Larimar projected cash runway into late Q2 2027 and lists potential FDA acceptance in early 2027.
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Rhea-AI Filing Summary
Larimar Therapeutics, Inc. completed its rolling Biologics License Application (BLA) submission to the FDA, seeking accelerated approval of nomlabofusp for Friedreich’s ataxia. The BLA is based on skin frataxin as a potential novel surrogate endpoint. In prior interactions, the FDA said the existing data package appeared capable of supporting submission and review; approval will be a matter of review.
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities were estimated at approximately $128.7 million as of September 30, 2026. The unaudited preliminary estimate is subject to quarter-end closing procedures, and the company projects cash runway into late Q2 2027. FORWARD-FA, its confirmatory Phase 3 study, is enrolling. The company lists potential BLA acceptance in early 2027 and potential U.S. approval in mid-2027.
8-K Event Classification
Key Figures
Key Terms
Biologics License Application regulatory
accelerated approval regulatory
surrogate endpoint medical
open label study medical
pharmacodynamic markers technical
FAQ
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).
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Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition.
On November 9, 2026, Larimar Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) disclosed in an updated slide presentation, posted on its website, that, as of September 30, 2026, the Company had approximately $128.7 million of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. The Company has not yet completed its quarter-end financial close processes for the quarter ended September 30, 2026. The review of the Company’s financial statements for the quarter ended September 30, 2026 is ongoing and could result in changes to this amount. This estimate of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of September 30, 2026 is preliminary, has not been audited, does not present all information necessary for an understanding of the Company’s financial condition as of September 30, 2026 and is subject to change upon completion of the Company’s financial statement closing procedures. The preliminary financial data included in this Current Report on Form 8-K has been prepared by, and is the responsibility of, the Company’s management. Additional information and disclosure would be required for a more complete understanding of the Company’s financial position and results of operations as of September 30, 2026.
The information furnished pursuant to this Item 2.02 is intended to be furnished and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.
Item 8.01 Other Events.
Press Release
On November 9, 2026, the Company issued a press release announcing that the Company completed its rolling Biologics License Application submission to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration seeking accelerated approval of nomlabofusp for the treatment of patients with Friedreich’s ataxia. A copy of the press release is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
Corporate Presentation
On November 9, 2026, the Company posted on its website an updated slide presentation, which is attached as Exhibit 99.2 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference. Representatives of the Company will use the presentation in various meetings with investors, analysts and other parties from time to time.
Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(d) Exhibits
Below is a list of exhibits included with this Current Report on Form 8-K.
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99.1 |
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Press Release of Larimar Therapeutics, Inc., dated November 9, 2026* |
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Larimar Therapeutics, Inc. Corporate Presentation, dated November 9, 2026* |
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Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |
* Filed herewith
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
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Larimar Therapeutics, Inc. |
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November 9, 2026 |
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/s/ Carole S. Ben-Maimon, M.D. |
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Name: Carole S. Ben-Maimon, M.D. |
Exhibit 99.1
Larimar Therapeutics Completes Rolling BLA Submission Seeking Accelerated Approval of Nomlabofusp for Friedreich’s Ataxia
Bala Cynwyd, PA, November 9, 2026 – Larimar Therapeutics, Inc. (Larimar) (Nasdaq: LRMR), a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on developing treatments for complex rare diseases, today announced completion of its rolling Biologics License Application (BLA) submission to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeking accelerated approval of nomlabofusp for the treatment of patients with Friedreich’s ataxia (FA). Nomlabofusp is an investigational protein replacement therapy designed to address the underlying cause of FA, frataxin deficiency, by delivering human frataxin to mitochondria.
Completion of the submission follows previously disclosed FDA feedback on key elements of the BLA and represents a significant milestone for Larimar. Larimar is currently enrolling patients in FORWARD-FA, its global confirmatory Phase 3 study, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study that will evaluate daily subcutaneous use of nomlabofusp over 18 months in ambulatory participants ages 2 to 40 who are new to the drug. Approximately two thirds of the participants will be under the age of 21.
“Completing our BLA submission is a major milestone for Larimar and the FA community, bringing years of development work together in an application seeking accelerated approval of nomlabofusp,” said Carole Ben-Maimon, MD, Chief Executive Officer of Larimar. “Our confidence in the program is grounded in the sustained increases in skin frataxin and consistent directional improvements observed in multiple clinical outcomes in patients. It is important to note that patients with FA are expected to experience continued neurologic decline, not improvement. After treatment with nomlabofusp, we have not observed worsening in most participants but rather signs of improvement. Our previously disclosed discussions with FDA have helped inform the content of the submission. As we support the potential FDA review and advance FORWARD-FA, our confirmatory Phase 3 study, our team is preparing for a potential U.S. launch with the goal of making nomlabofusp available to patients as quickly as possible following approval, if granted. In parallel, we continue to evaluate options to optimize our global commercialization strategy.”
The BLA seeks accelerated approval based on increases in skin frataxin (FXN) concentrations as a potential novel surrogate endpoint and is supported by data from the ongoing long-term open label (OL) study. Previously reported findings showed sustained increases in skin FXN, with all evaluable participants at one year achieving skin FXN levels within the range expected in asymptomatic heterozygous carriers. Directional improvements were observed at one year across multiple clinical outcomes relative to worsening in a natural history reference population. Directional improvement of exploratory pharmacodynamic markers (plasma lipids and peripheral tissue gene transcription) compared to placebo treated patients were also observed. Nomlabofusp has the potential to be the first disease-modifying therapy for patients with FA.
“Larimar’s completion of its BLA submission for nomlabofusp marks an important and exciting milestone for the Friedreich’s ataxia community. As the first potential frataxin replacement therapy, nomlabofusp is designed to address the underlying cause of FA. The fact that the submission includes data from adolescents ages 12 to 17 is especially meaningful, as there are currently no approved therapies for children under 16 years of age. FA is a complex and variable disease, and patients and families need multiple treatment options that can address their individual needs across different ages and stages of disease,” said Jen Farmer, M.S., Chief Executive Officer, Friedreich’s Ataxia Research Alliance (FARA).
Submission Highlights:
Potential Upcoming Milestones
Nomlabofusp has received FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation for the treatment of FA in adults and children as well as Fast Track, Rare Pediatric Disease, and Orphan Drug designations. Nomlabofusp was also selected for FDA’s Support for Clinical Trials Advancing Rare Disease Therapeutics (START) pilot program, which has enabled more frequent interactions with FDA to support our development and regulatory strategy.
About FORWARD-FA
FORWARD-FA, Larimar’s global confirmatory Phase 3 study, is designed to assess safety and clinical outcomes and to verify the clinical benefit of nomlabofusp as part of the Company’s accelerated approval strategy. The double-blind, placebo-controlled study will evaluate daily subcutaneous use of nomlabofusp over 18 months in ambulatory participants ages 2 to 40 who are new to the drug. Approximately two thirds of the participants will be under the age of 21. The focus on younger participants reflects the tendency for more rapid disease progression in this population and underscores the need for evaluating potential treatments for early intervention.
About Larimar Therapeutics
Larimar Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: LRMR), is a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on developing treatments for complex rare diseases. Larimar’s lead compound, nomlabofusp, is being developed as a potential treatment for Friedreich's ataxia. Larimar also plans to use its intracellular delivery platform to design other fusion proteins to target additional rare diseases characterized by deficiencies in intracellular bioactive compounds. For more information, please visit: https://larimartx.com.
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements that are based on Larimar’s management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to management. All statements contained in this release other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, including but not limited to statements regarding Larimar’s ability to develop and commercialize nomlabofusp and any other planned product candidates; the potential of nomlabofusp to address the underlying cause of FA and provide clinical benefit; the interpretation of clinical, biomarker and safety data and their ability to support the BLA; expectations regarding the FDA’s acceptance for filing, review and potential approval of the BLA, including consideration of skin FXN as a potential novel surrogate endpoint; Larimar’s planned research and development efforts, including the design, timing and conduct of FORWARD-FA; interactions with FDA; expectations regarding the potential for, accelerated approval or accelerated access and the impact of such accelerated access on the FDA’s review timeline Larimar’s preparations for and timing of a potential launch, if approved; the potential award and future sale of a Rare Pediatric Priority Review Voucher; and Larimar’s overall development plans, business strategies, ability to raise capital, use of capital, results of operations and financial position, and plans and objectives for future operations.
In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the words “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “continue,” “ongoing” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. These statements involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, among others, the success, cost and timing of Larimar’s product development activities, nonclinical studies and clinical trials, including nomlabofusp clinical milestones and continued interactions with the FDA; that preliminary clinical trial results may differ from final clinical trial results, that earlier non-clinical and clinical data and testing of nomlabofusp may not be predictive of the results or success of later non-clinical or clinical trials, and assessments; delays in patient recruitment, including as a result of changes in clinical protocols and adverse events; that the FDA may not ultimately agree with Larimar’s nomlabofusp development strategy or determine that skin FXN is not an acceptable surrogate endpoint for accelerated approval; that completion of the BLA submission does not assure acceptance for filing or accelerated approval and that FDA may require additional information or studies; Larimar’s ability to realize the benefits of Breakthrough Therapy Designation; the potential impact of public health crises on Larimar’s future clinical trials, manufacturing, regulatory, nonclinical study timelines and operations, and general economic conditions; Larimar’s ability and the ability of third-party manufacturers Larimar engages, to optimize and scale nomlabofusp’s manufacturing process; Larimar’s ability to obtain regulatory approvals for nomlabofusp and future product candidates; Larimar’s ability to successfully develop sales and marketing capabilities, whether alone or with potential future collaborators, and to successfully commercialize any approved product candidates; Larimar’s ability to raise the necessary capital to conduct its product development activities; and other risks described in the filings made by Larimar with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including but not limited to Larimar’s periodic reports, including the annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, filed with or furnished to the SEC and available at www.sec.gov. These forward-looking statements are based on a combination of facts and factors currently known by Larimar and its projections of the future, about which it cannot be certain. As a result, the forward-looking statements may not prove to be accurate. The forward-looking statements in this press release represent Larimar’s management’s views only as of the date hereof. Larimar undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law.
Investor Contact: Joyce Allaire LifeSci Advisors jallaire@lifesciadvisors.com (212) 915-2569 |
Company Contact: Michael Celano Chief Financial Officer mcelano@larimartx.com (484) 414-2715 |
pro November 2026 Larimar Therapeutics Corporate Deck Exhibit 99.2
Forward-Looking Statements This presentation contains forward-looking statements that are based on Larimar’s management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to management. All statements contained in this presentation other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, including but not limited to statements regarding Larimar’s ability to develop and commercialize nomlabofusp and any other planned product candidates; the potential of nomlabofusp to address the underlying cause of FA and provide clinical benefit; the interpretation of clinical, biomarker and safety data and their ability to support the BLA; expectations regarding the FDA’s acceptance for filing, review and potential approval of the BLA, including consideration of skin FXN as a potential novel surrogate endpoint; Larimar’s planned research and development efforts, including the design, timing and conduct of FORWARD-FA; interactions with FDA; expectations regarding the potential for, accelerated approval or accelerated access and the impact of such accelerated access on the FDA’s review timeline Larimar’s preparations for and timing of a potential launch, if approved; the potential award and future sale of a Rare Pediatric Priority Review Voucher; and Larimar’s overall development plans, business strategies, ability to raise capital, use of capital, results of operations and financial position, and plans and objectives for future operations. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the words “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “continue,” “ongoing” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. These statements involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, among others, the success, cost and timing of Larimar’s product development activities, nonclinical studies and clinical trials, including nomlabofusp clinical milestones and continued interactions with the FDA; that preliminary clinical trial results may differ from final clinical trial results, that earlier non-clinical and clinical data and testing of nomlabofusp may not be predictive of the results or success of later non-clinical or clinical trials, and assessments; delays in patient recruitment, including as a result of changes in clinical protocols and adverse events; that the FDA may not ultimately agree with Larimar’s nomlabofusp development strategy or determine that skin FXN is not an acceptable surrogate endpoint for accelerated approval; that completion of the BLA submission does not assure acceptance for filing or accelerated approval and that FDA may require additional information or studies; Larimar’s ability to realize the benefits of Breakthrough Therapy Designation; the potential impact of public health crises on Larimar’s future clinical trials, manufacturing, regulatory, nonclinical study timelines and operations, and general economic conditions; Larimar’s ability and the ability of third-party manufacturers Larimar engages, to optimize and scale nomlabofusp’s manufacturing process; Larimar’s ability to obtain regulatory approvals for nomlabofusp and future product candidates; Larimar’s ability to successfully develop sales and marketing capabilities, whether alone or with potential future collaborators, and to successfully commercialize any approved product candidates; Larimar’s ability to raise the necessary capital to conduct its product development activities; and other risks described in the filings made by Larimar with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including but not limited to Larimar’s periodic reports, including the annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, filed with or furnished to the SEC and available at www.sec.gov. These forward-looking statements are based on a combination of facts and factors currently known by Larimar and its projections of the future, about which it cannot be certain. As a result, the forward-looking statements may not prove to be accurate. The forward-looking statements in this presentation represent Larimar’s management’s views only as of the date hereof. Larimar undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law.
Advancing Nomlabofusp as the First Potential Disease-Modifying Therapy for Friedreich’s Ataxia Nomlabofusp is a first-in-class mitochondrial protein replacement therapy designed to directly address systemic frataxin deficiency in patients with FA, a rare neurodegenerative disease Targeting the Root Cause of Disease Strong & Consistent Data Package Data from 4 successfully completed studies (Phase 1 SAD and MAD, Phase 2 dose exploration, and adolescent PK); ongoing long-term OL study supports sustained increases in tissue FXN levels and continued directional improvements in clinical outcomes (Jun 2026 data release). Completed BLA Submission Completed rolling BLA submission seeking accelerated approval of nomlabofusp using skin FXN levels as a novel surrogate endpoint following FDA alignment on key elements of BLA package for submission. Patients currently enrolling in FORWARD-FA, the global confirmatory Phase 3 study. Potential Catalysts (estimated timing) BLA submission acceptance – Early 2027 Open label study safety update – Q1 2027 U.S. approval-Mid-2027* and launch – Q3 2027 Regulatory Designations Breakthrough Designation, START Pilot Program, Rare Pediatric Disease Designation (US), Orphan Drug (US & EU), Fast Track (US), PRIME (EU) and ILAP (UK) designations $128.7** million in cash and investments as of September 30, 2026, with projected cash runway into late Q2 2027; *Expect to be eligible for rare pediatric disease priority review voucher. **Estimate is unaudited and preliminary and actual results may differ due to the completion of our September 30, 2026 closing procedures.
Friedreich’s Ataxia (FA): A rare, debilitating and progressive disease 4 * E.C. Deutsch et al. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 101 (2010) 238–245. Larimar is developing nomlabofusp as the first potential disease modifying therapy for FA. Intended to help patients avoid profound suffering and maintain or improve their quality of life. Affects ~20,000 patients globally ~5,000 patients in the U.S., with a concentration of patients in Europe ~70% of patients present before age 14 Caused by a genetic defect that lowers frataxin levels Most patients with FA only produce ~20-40% of normal frataxin levels* Heterozygous carriers Asymptomatic with FXN levels of 50-75%* of normal frataxin levels High unmet medical need The only currently approved treatment for FA does not address frataxin deficiency Progressive, debilitating disease with early mortality Characterized by loss of coordination, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, scoliosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease Life expectancy 30-50 years, with early death usually caused by heart disease
Nomlabofusp is Designed to Target the Root Cause of FA, FXN Deficiency Nomlabofusp (CTI-1601) maintains the cleavage site between the MTS and mature human frataxin (FXN) The presence of the cleavage site allows the CPP and MTS to be removed by mitochondrial processing peptidase to produce mature human FXN in the mitochondria Structure of Endogenous FXN Structure of nomlabofusp Cleavage by mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP) at this site produces mature human FXN in mitochondria Mitochondrial Targeting Sequence (MTS) Mature Human FXN Cleavage by mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP) at this site produces mature human FXN in mitochondria Mature Human FXN Cell Penetrating Peptide (CPP) Mitochondrial Targeting Sequence (MTS)
FXN Levels Clearly Predict Disease Progression in FA Lower FXN levels are associated with earlier onset of disease, faster rate of disease progression, and shorter time to loss of ambulation Adapted from H.L.Plasterer et al. PLoS ONE 2013 8(5):e63958 Age of Onset (Years) Median Time to Loss of Ambulation (Years) < 15 11.5 15 to 24 18.3 > 24 23.5 Median Age of Onset and Rate of Disease Progression in Relation to FXN Levels *FXN levels measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). FXN levels as measured by % of normal demonstrated to be equivalent in PBMCs, buccal cells, and whole blood. **FARS: Friedreich’s ataxia rating score, measures disease progression with a higher score indicating a greater level of disability. FXN Level* (% of Normal Level) Age of Onset (Years) FARS** (Change/Year) 11.2 7 2.9 22.0 11 2.1 31.0 16 2.0 48.7 19 1.6 Adapted from C. Rummey et al. EClinicalMedicine. 2020 18:100213 Median Age of Onset Predicts Time to Loss of Ambulation
Completed BLA Submission Seeking Accelerated Approval Following FDA Alignment of Key Elements of the BLA Package for Submission FXN as Novel Surrogate Endpoint FDA reaffirmed willingness to consider FXN as a novel surrogate endpoint and that Larimar's exposure-response analysis linking nomlabofusp exposures to clinical outcomes is the type that could support a BLA submission Existing Clinical Data Package Appears Sufficient for Submission FDA reviewed OL data submitted in a briefing package and confirmed that the existing data package appears capable of supporting submission and review of a BLA seeking accelerated approval; Approval will be a matter of review BLA Submission Completed November 2026 Early 2027 Potential Submission Acceptance
Comprehensive and Long-Term Data Package* Across All Studies Open Label Study 76 Participants >10,000 Doses administered to date in the OL study 66 Received at least one dose of nomlabofusp 43 Participants dosed 22 Active Maximum duration >800 days Sustained increases in tissue FXN levels Continued improvements in clinical outcomes 21 Discontinued 10 due to anaphylaxis (9 with prior nomlabofusp exposure; all recovered without sequelae) 3 due to generalized urticaria (none following initiation of antihistamine therapy) 3 due to other adverse events 5 for reasons unrelated to treatment (primarily logistical) 32 had nomlabofusp exposure in prior studies 11 had no nomlabofusp exposure in prior studies *Data as of June 2026 data release.
Study Participants with Longer Exposure in OL Study* Reinforces the Disease-Modifying Potential of Nomlabofusp 13 participants completed 1 year of dosing, 7 of the 13 completed 18 months, and 3 of the 13 completed 2 years Well-Characterized Safety Profile Increased Tissue FXN Levels Observed Directional Improvement of Clinical Outcomes Sustained increases in skin FXN levels Achieved and maintained skin FXN levels within the range expected in asymptomatic carriers (~50% or higher) 82% (9/11) at 6 months 100% (9/9) at 1 year 100% (3/3) at 18 months At 1 year: a 2.6-point mFARS advantage when nomlabofusp treatment is compared to a FACOMS reference group At 18 months: a 4.6-point mFARS advantage when nomlabofusp treatment is compared to a calculated value in a FACOMS reference group Long term dosing continues to be generally well tolerated for up to a maximum of 800 days Most common AEs are mild to moderate injection site reactions that decrease over time 10 cases of anaphylaxis, 9 with exposure to nomlabofusp in a prior study *Data as of June 2026 data release.
Nomlabofusp Long-term Open Label Study (Ongoing)
Expanded Open Label Study*: Now Includes Adolescents and Participants not in Prior Nomlabofusp Studies *Open Label Extension study is now referred to as Open Label study following inclusion of participants who were not part of a prior nomlabofusp clinical study. **Current dosing regimen includes a 5 mg Day 1 test dose; One hour after test dose, then 25 mg daily for the first 30 days ***Participants under 18 years of age receive a weight-based dose equivalent. Patient Population Dosing and Administration** Key Study Objectives Initially, adults who had participated in a prior Phase 1 or Phase 2 trial required Expanded study criteria to include: Adolescents (12-17 yrs) from the PK run-in study Adult and adolescent participants not in prior studies Plan to enroll children (2 to 11 yrs) directly in study 50 mg*** Nomlabofusp Skin FXN concentrations Safety and tolerability Long-term PK Clinical efficacy measures relative to reference population from Friedreich’s Ataxia Clinical Outcome Measures Study (FACOMS) database FACOMS is a longitudinal natural history study, includes patients with confirmed FA diagnosis Daily subcutaneous injections self-administered or by a caregiver
Participant Characteristics Represent a Broad Range of Disease Severity *As of June 2026, there were 43 participants including 2 dosed after the March 2026 cutoff. OL Study Nomlabofusp* N = 41 Age of Screening (Years) Mean (SD) 29.0 (11.30) Min, Max 12, 55 Age Group ≥12 to <18 8 (19.5) ≥18 33 (80.5) Age of Symptom Onset (Years) Mean (SD) 12.4 (5.98) Min, Max 5, 30 Sex Male, n (%) 17 (41.5) Ambulatory Status Ambulatory, n (%) 21 (51.2) Previous Exposure to Nomlabofusp Yes, n (%) 31 (75.6) OL Study Nomlabofusp* N = 41 Previous Exposure to Omaveloxolone Yes, n (%) 20 (48.8) Gait Score, n (%) 1 - Mild ataxia 4 (9.7) 2 - Walks with definite ataxia 4 (9.7) 3 - Moderate ataxia 5 (12.2) 4 - Severe ataxia 8 (19.5) 5 - Cannot walk with assistance (wheelchair bound) 20 (48.8) mFARS Total Score Mean (SD) 54.99 (16.96) Min, Max 16.8, 85.5 9-HPT Average Time of the Dominant Hand(s) Mean (SD) 93.79 (65.5) Min, Max 36.0, 277.3 FARS-ADL Score Mean (SD) 17.1 (7.1) Min, Max 0.0, 27.0
Change from Baseline in Skin FXN Levels* Skin FXN Levels* Increases in Skin FXN Levels* Reached Steady State by 3 Months and were Sustained Over Time *FXN levels measured via detection of peptide derived from mature FXN; FXN concentrations are normalized to total cellular protein content in each sample. Dotted Line indicates 50% of the average FXN concentrations of healthy volunteers. Data include all participants with quantifiable FXN levels at baseline and at least 1 post-baseline FXN level. Data are presented as of the March 2026 cutoff date. 25th Percentile 75th Percentile Median 25th Percentile 75th Percentile Median Mean Mean
Nomlabofusp Treatment Increased and Sustained FXN Levels in Open Label Study to Range Expected in Asymptomatic Carriers % of Participants with Skin FXN Levels in the Range of Asymptomatic Heterozygous Carriers (> 8.2 pg/µg; ~50% of Mean Healthy Volunteer FXN Concentration) Baseline 1 month 3 months 6 months 1 year 18 months 4% 1/27 38% 10/26 50% 10/20 82% 9/11 100% 9/9 100% 3/3 *Data include all participants with quantifiable levels at each measurement point who had received 25 mg, 50 mg or had the dose increased from 25 mg to 50 mg. Data are presented as of the March 2026 cutoff date. Absolute Skin FXN Levels* Increased Over Time with Nomlabofusp Treatment Statistic Baseline 1 month 3 months 6 months 1 year 18 months N 27 26 20 11 9 3 Mean 3.7 8.9 12.5 12.3 12.1 10.7 (Min, Max) (1.5, 8.8) (2.9, 22.9) (5.6, 37.1) (5.6, 26.7) (8.1, 16.1) (9.9, 11.8)
Safety Profile of Nomlabofusp Administration* is Well-Characterized Nomlabofusp is generally well-tolerated long-term; >10,000 doses have been administered in the OL study Most common adverse events were local injection site reactions that were mild to moderate and decreased in frequency over time 21 participants discontinued 10 experienced anaphylaxis 9 with prior nomlabofusp exposure; one with no prior exposure These participants returned to their usual state of health after standard treatment with no further sequelae 3 experienced generalized urticaria (none since initiating antihistamine therapy) 8 withdrew (3 associated with other adverse events; 5 for non-treatment related reasons (primarily logistical)) 11 participants with no prior exposure; one had anaphylaxis Long-term daily dosing was generally well tolerated with 13 adults on treatment for 1 year, 7 of the 13 for 18 months, and 3 of the 13 for 2 years *Data as of June 2026 data release.
Baseline Characteristics Used to Generate FACOMS Reference Group Methodology for generating reference group was reviewed by FDA and recommendations were incorporated FACOMS longitudinal natural history study (N = 955) includes participants with confirmed FA diagnosis Larimar identified participants from the FACOMS dataset with similar range of baseline characteristics of participants in the OL study using data recorded over the last 2 years for each participant *Participants in open label study included 49% female, 49% with exposure to omaveloxolone and 51% non-ambulatory. Nomlabofusp* N = 41 FACOMS N = 362 Age of screening (years) Mean (SD) 29.0 (11.30) 25.6 (9.55) Min, Max 12, 55 12, 55 Age of symptom onset (years) Mean (SD) 12.4 (5.98) 12.6 (5.25) Min, Max 5, 30 5,30 Baseline mFARS Total Score Mean (SD) 55.0 (16.96) 50.6 (13.19) Min, Max 16.8, 85.5 24.0, 83.0 Nomlabofusp* N = 41 FACOMS N = 362 Baseline FARS-ADL Overall Score Mean (SD) 17.1 (7.1) 14.7 (5.30) Min, Max 0, 27 2, 27 Baseline 9-HPT Average Time of Dominant Hand(s) Mean (SD) 93.8 (65.5) 75.4 (42.45) Min, Max 36.0, 277.3 36.0, 262.1
Improvements Across Clinical Outcomes with Nomlabofusp Relative to Worsening in FACOMS Reference Group Supports Potential Clinical Benefits Range = min, max. Data are presented as of the March 2026 cutoff date. 1 Based on the range of baseline characteristics of participants in the OL study, Larimar identified patients from the FACOMS dataset with similar characteristics using data recorded over the last 4 years for each patient. 2 Data collected annually in FACOMS; 18-month value was interpolated using a linear equation constructed with annual data up to 3 years. Clinical Outcome Measure Change from Baseline, Mean (Range) mFARS [0- 93] FARS-ADL [0- 36] 9-HPT Dominant Hand [Seconds] MFIS [0- 84] Nomlabofusp FACOMS1 Nomlabofusp FACOMS1 Nomlabofusp FACOMS1 Nomlabofusp FACOMS1 Baseline 55.0 (16.8, 85.5) n=41 50.6 (24.0, 83.0) n=362 17.1 (0.0, 27.0) n=41 14.7 (1.5, 27.0) n=362 93.8 (36.0, 277.3) n=37 75.4 (36.0, 262.1) n=362 34.5 (2.0, 79.0) n=41 NA Change at 1 year -1.0 (-6.5, 3.0) n=13 1.6 (-15.7, 18.0) n=189 -1.1 (-9.0, 2.5) n=13 1.5 (-5.5, 9.0) n=211 -15.6 (-46.7, 15.4) n=12 6.1 (-40.1, 203.7) n=194 -5.2 (-25.0, 10.0) n=13 NA Change at 18 months -2.3 (-10.0, 4.5) n=7 2.32 -0.3 (-1.5, 1.0) n=7 NA -11.8 (-13.6, 6.5) n=7 NA 0.6 (-16.0, 15.0) n=7 NA Comparison to external reference group intended to support the use of FXN for an accelerated approval
2.6-point Difference in Mean mFARS Score for Nomlabofusp Treated Participants and FACOMS Reference Group at 1 year Change in mFARS Change from baseline after treatment with nomlabofusp in OL study: Mean 1.0-point improvement at 1 year in 13 participants Mean 2.3-point improvement at 18 months in 7 participants A 4.6-point calculated* difference in mean mFARS score for treated participants and FACOMS Reference Group at 18 months Improved Worsened Nomlabofusp** FACOMS Reference Group 2.6-point difference 4.6-point difference * Data collected annually in FACOMS; 18-month value was interpolated using a linear equation constructed with annual data up to 3 years. ** N at 1 year = 13; N at 18 months = 7.
Patients Who Worsened Between Prior Nomlabofusp Study and OL Study* Improved On Key Clinical Outcome Measures During Treatment Average Gap = 2.5 years Average Gap = 2.5 years Average Gap = 2.5 years Average Gap = 2.5 years FXN Levels mFARS FARS-ADL 9-HPT OL study: N at 1 year = 13; N at 18 months = 7. *Data are presented as of the March 2026 cutoff date.
FORWARD-FA, a Global Confirmatory Phase 3 Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study Currently enrolling patients 18 months of treatment Ambulatory participants 2 – 40* years of age (~2/3 under 21 years of age) n = 100 – 150 Key Study Objectives Upright stability (U.S.) and mFARS (E.U.) as primary outcome measures Safety and tolerability Daily subcutaneous injections self-administered or by a caregiver Placebo 50 mg nomlabofusp Patient Population *Study will initiate with participants 12-40 yrs of age and will change to 2-40 yrs when dose is confirmed in children 2-11 yrs of age 1:1 Phase 3 participants differ from OL study, with all expected to be ambulatory and ~2/3 under age 21 Sites in U.S., E.U., U.K., Canada, and Australia planned
Approaching Potential Approval Following Submission of BLA Potential Upcoming Milestones Completed Rolling BLA Submission November 2026 BLA Submission Acceptance by FDA Early 2027 Open Label Study Safety Update Q1 2027 U.S. Approval Mid-2027 Obtain and Monetize Rare Pediatric Priority Review Voucher* Mid-2027 U.S. Launch* Q3 2027 Pursue path towards marketing application submissions in EU, UK, Canada and Australia Throughout 2027-2028 *Contingent on FDA approval
Nomlabofusp Advancing as the First Potential Disease-Modifying Therapy for Broad FA Population BLA submitted seeking accelerated approval for nomlabofusp; potential submission acceptance in early 2027 Patients currently enrolling in FORWARD-FA, a global confirmatory Phase 3 study Sustained FXN levels up to 18 months; Directional improvements in clinical outcomes at 1 year and at 18 months; Pursuit of broad label potentially supported by OL study data Well-characterized and generally well-tolerated long term safety profile
Appendix Larimar Therapeutics
2040 Nomlabofusp Composition of Matter and Methods of Treatment US 11,459,363, US 12,180,253, EP 4004022B1 (Exclusive license from Indiana University) US continuation, EP divisional, and foreign applications pending Expiration July 2040 Composition of Matter Larimar Technology is Supported by a Strong IP Portfolio Granted nomlabofusp (CTI-1601) composition of matter patent extends into 2040 Additional nomlabofusp IP protection US and foreign pending applications and patents cover key biomarkers, analytical tools and methods of treatment for additional disease indications for nomlabofusp Nomlabofusp should be eligible for 12 years of market exclusivity upon approval in the US (independent of patents) and at least 10 years of market exclusivity upon approval in EU (independent of patents) Platform Formulation and Methods of Quantifying Nomlabofusp Platform Technology: Molecules for Protein Delivery US 11,891,420, US 12,091,437 and US 12,351,611 US continuation and foreign applications pending Pharmaceutical Compositions Comprising Nomlabofusp US 12,390,509 US continuation and foreign applications pending Methods of Quantifying Nomlabofusp US 12,566,178 US continuation and foreign applications pending Expiration December 2041 Expiration April 2043 for ‘178 patent (with PTA) Expiration August 2041 for ‘420 patent (with PTA) March 2041 for “437 and ‘611 patents 2045
Nomlabofusp Awarded Multiple U.S., EU, and U.K. Regulatory Designations Intended to Expedite the Development Program Orphan Drug Designation (EU) PRIME Designation (EU) Innovative Licensing and Access Pathway (ILAP) (UK) Breakthrough Therapy Designation START Pilot Program Orphan Drug Designation Fast Track Designation Rare Pediatric Disease Designation Rare pediatric disease priority review voucher program extended to 2029; Expected to be available at time of approval GLOBAL DESIGNATIONS US DESIGNATIONS Rare Pediatric Disease Designation Breakthrough Therapy Designation
Mitochondrial Localization and Preclinical Data
Nomlabofusp Cell Transduction In Vitro Leads to hFXN in Mitochondria FXN DAPI TOMM20 DAPI FXN TOMM20 DAPI FXN co-localizes with TOMM20 FXN staining TOMM20 (mitochondria) staining Rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2) were transduced with nomlabofusp Cells were fixed and analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy to detect the presence of human frataxin (hFXN) and TOMM20 ( a mitochondrial outer membrane protein) Nuclei were stained with DAPI
Nomlabofusp Extends Survival in FXN-deficient KO Mice Initial proof-of-concept for FXN replacement therapy in cardiac mouse model of FA Median survival of MCK-Cre FXN-KO mice 166 days (nomlabofusp) vs. 98 days (Vehicle) Nomlabofusp administered 10 mg/kg SC every other day Survival beyond vehicle mean (107.5 days) 87.5% (nomlabofusp) vs. 33% (Vehicle) Demonstrates that nomlabofusp is capable of delivering sufficient amounts of FXN to mitochondria Days Percent Survival Nomlabofusp (CTI-1601) rescues a severe disease phenotype in a well-characterized cardiac mouse model of FA P=0.0001
Nomlabofusp Prevents Development of Ataxic Gait in Neurologic KO Mouse Model hFXN replacement with nomlabofusp prevents development of ataxic gait Nomlabofusp-treated mice survive longer than untreated mice Human frataxin present in brain, dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord demonstrating central nervous system penetration In-Vivo Efficacy Data in Pvalb-Cre FXN-KO Mouse Model Single dose level: 10 mg/kg nomlabofusp or vehicle given intraperitoneally three times per week
Nomlabofusp Delivers hFXN to Mitochondria and Restores SDH Activity in KO Mice Study Design – Cardiac and skeletal muscle FXN knockout mice (MCK-CRE) were treated at varying SQ doses of nomlabofusp every other day for two weeks at Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME). After dosing, animals were sacrificed, and heart and skeletal muscle were evaluated for hFXN concentration in mitochondrial extracts and SDH activity was assessed. Mitochondria hFXN concentration increases dose-dependently Given subcutaneously, nomlabofusp functionally replaces hFXN in mitochondria of KO mice MPK = mg/kg MPK = mg/kg Mitochondrial FXN (Heart) SDH Activity (Muscle) Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, which is indicative of mitochondrial function, increases in a dose-dependent manner after administration of nomlabofusp; activity plateaus at 30 mg/kg and is equivalent to activity in wild type
Nomlabofusp Prevents Left Ventricle Dilation in KO Mice Study Design – Cardiac and skeletal muscle FXN knockout mice (MCK-CRE) were treated at 10 mg/kg every other day at Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME). Echocardiograms were performed pre-dose and post dose. Left ventricular (LV) volume increases in systole in untreated mice by 8 weeks (after 4 weeks of dosing with vehicle), but remains similar to wildtype when treated with nomlabofusp (10 mg/kg every other day) Diameter (mm) Age in Weeks Age in Weeks Volume (μL) KO: CTI-1601 Wild-type: Vehicle KO: Vehicle Left Ventricle Internal Diameter (Systole) Left Ventricle Volume (Systole) Nomlabofusp-treated mice have similar LV volume as wild type; echocardiogram shows significant differences between vehicle and nomlabofusp treated (10 mg/kg every other day) KO mice
Nomlabofusp Preserves Left Ventricle Function in KO Mice Study Design – Cardiac and skeletal muscle FXN knockout mice (MCK-CRE) were treated at 10 mg/kg every other day at Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME). Echocardiograms were performed pre-dose and post dose. Percent Change Age in Weeks Left Ventricle Ejection Function Left Ventricle Fractional Shortening Percent Change Age in Weeks KO: CTI-1601 Wild-type: Vehicle KO: Vehicle Left ventricular (LV) function drops significantly in vehicle treated mice by Week 8 Nomlabofusp-treated (10 mg/kg every other day) mice have similar LV function as wildtype; echocardiogram shows significant differences between vehicle and nomlabofusp treated KO mice
Non-Interventional Study Data
CLIN-1601-002: Top-line Non-interventional Study Results Non-interventional study measured FXN in homozygous healthy volunteers FXN concentrations were measured in skin and buccal cells from 60 homozygous healthy volunteers utilizing the same sampling technique and assay as clinical trials of nomlabofusp; FXN levels measured via detection of peptide derived from mature FXN; FXN concentrations normalized to total cellular protein content in each sample. 1. E.C. Deutsch et al. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 101 (2010) 238–245. 2. Friedreich’s Ataxia Research Alliance Skin cells Buccal cells Median Frataxin Concentration (pg/µg) in Homozygous Healthy Volunteers (n = 60) Most patients with FA only produce ~20-40%1 of normal frataxin levels depending on the tissue, sampling technique, and assay considered Lower FXN levels seen with typical onset2 (5 to 15 years of age) Higher FXN levels seen with late onset2 (after 25 years of age) Heterozygous carriers who show no signs of disease have buccal cell FXN levels of ~50% of unaffected healthy persons1 [13.5, 18.6] IQR [6.2, 9.4] IQR
FDA START Pilot Program
START Pilot Program Expedited the Clinical and Regulatory Development of Nomlabofusp START Pilot Program Support for Clinical Trials Advancing Rare Disease Therapeutics 1 of 7 novel drugs development programs selected by FDA A new milestone-driven program launched by the FDA in September 2023 Designed to accelerate the development of novel therapies for rare diseases Sponsors selected can benefit from: more frequent and rapid ad-hoc FDA interactions help facilitating the development of programs to pre-BLA meeting stage guidance on generating high-quality and reliable data intended to support a BLA CDER Selection Based On Demonstrated development program readiness Potential to address serious and unmet medical need in a rare neurodegenerative condition Alignment of CMC development timelines with clinical development plans Proposed plan where enhanced communication can improve efficiency of product development FDA: Food and Drug Administration; CDER: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; CMC: Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls
FARA
Strong Relationship with FARA – Joined FARA’s TRACK-FA Neuroimaging Consortium as an Industry Partner National, non-profit organization dedicated to the pursuit of scientific research leading to treatments and a cure for FA FARA provides industry with several key items Assistance with patient recruitment and education Access to Global Patient Registry with demographic and clinical information on more than 1,000 FA patients Sponsored a Patient-Focused Drug Development Meeting in 2017 resulting in a publication titled “The Voice of the Patient” TRACK-FA collects natural history data to establish disease specific neuroimaging biomarkers for potential use in clinical trials. Larimar will have access to all study data for use in regulatory filings, as appropriate