MDB Capital Holdings (MDBH) records $16.1M H1 2026 loss and $33.1M eXoZymes stake
MDB Capital Holdings, LLC operates a broker-dealer and intellectual property services platform, with a majority-owned drug development subsidiary and a large equity stake in eXoZymes. As of June 30, 2026, total assets were $50.8 million, down from $63.7 million at December 31, 2025, largely reflecting declines in investment securities and the equity method investment. Liabilities remained low at $1.3 million, leaving total equity of $49.5 million.
For the quarter ended June 30, 2026, MDB reported a net loss attributable to the company of $9.3 million, and a six‑month net loss of $16.1 million, compared with $14.9 million in the prior‑year period. Results were affected by $4.9 million in unrealized losses on broker‑dealer investment securities, a $3.1 million share of eXoZymes’ losses, and a $1.36 million dilution‑related loss. MDB also recorded a $641 thousand impairment on its equity investment in eXoZymes, reducing the carrying value to $33.1 million.
Operating activities used $5.5 million of cash in the first half of 2026, leaving cash, cash equivalents, and segregated cash of $9.9 million at June 30, 2026. The broker‑dealer subsidiary reported net capital of $8.96 million, well above regulatory minimums, and the company has an undrawn $2.0 million revolving credit facility secured by cash, indicating modest leverage but ongoing cash burn.
Positive
- None.
Negative
- Net loss widened to $16.1 million for the first half of 2026, with continued quarterly losses and negative operating cash flow of $5.5 million.
- The company recorded a $641 thousand impairment on its equity investment in eXoZymes and a $1.36 million loss related to dilution events, signaling pressure on a key asset.
Key Figures
Key Terms
equity method investment financial
emerging growth company regulatory
Level 3 warrants financial
Uniform Net Capital Rule 15c3-1 regulatory
non-controlling interest financial
FAQ
How did MDBH perform financially for the quarter ended June 30, 2026?
What was MDBH’s net loss for the first half of 2026?
What is the status of MDBH’s equity investment in eXoZymes as of June 30, 2026?
How much cash and liquidity does MDBH have as of June 30, 2026?
What are MDBH’s total assets, liabilities, and equity at June 30, 2026?
Is MDBH’s broker-dealer subsidiary in compliance with net capital requirements?
AI-generated analysis. How Rhea-AI works. Not financial advice.
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
FOR
THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED
OR
Commission
File Number:
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code) |
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
None
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark whether the issuer (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the last 90 days. YES ☒ NO ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). YES ☒ NO ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “non-accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Accelerated Filer | ☐ |
| ☐ | Smaller Reporting Company | ||
| Emerging Growth Company |
If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ☐ NO
As
of August 13, 2026, the number of outstanding shares of Class A Common Shares, representing limited liability interests, of the registrant
was
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Number | ||
| PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 2 |
| Item 1 | Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 2 |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets –June 30, 2026 (unaudited) and December 31, 2025 | 2 | |
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations – Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 | 3 | |
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity – Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 | 4 | |
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 | 5 | |
| Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 6 | |
| Item 2 | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations | 28 |
| Item 3 | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 40 |
| Item 4 | Controls and Procedures | 40 |
| PART II | OTHER INFORMATION | 41 |
| Item 1 | Legal Proceedings | 41 |
| Item 1A | Risk Factors | 41 |
| Item 2 | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 42 |
| Item 3 | Defaults upon Senior Securities | 42 |
| Item 4 | Mine Safety Disclosures | 42 |
| Item 5 | Other Information | 42 |
| Item 6 | Exhibits | 42 |
| 1 |
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MDB CAPITAL HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share count):
June 30, 2026 (Unaudited) | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash segregated in compliance with regulations | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Related party receivables | ||||||||
| Clearing deposits | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||||||
| Investment securities, at fair value, held by the licensed broker dealer (Notes 1 and 2) | ||||||||
Related party investment securities, at fair value, held by the licensed broker dealer (Notes 1 and 2) | - | |||||||
Investment securities, at fair value | - | |||||||
| Investment securities, at fair value, held by the non-licensed broker dealer (Notes 1 and 2) | ||||||||
| Equity method investment | ||||||||
| Deferred costs related to deferred revenue | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued expenses | ||||||||
| Related party payables | - | |||||||
| Payables to customers | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies (Note 9) | - | - | ||||||
| Equity: | ||||||||
| Preferred
shares, | - | - | ||||||
| Class
A Common Shares, | - | - | ||||||
| Class
B Common Shares, | - | - | ||||||
| Common stock, value | - | - | ||||||
| Paid-in-capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total MDB Capital Holdings, LLC Members’ equity | ||||||||
| Non-controlling interest | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 2 |
MDB CAPITAL HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share data and share count)
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||
| Operating loss: | ||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment securities, net (from our licensed broker dealer) (Notes 1 and 2) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
Related party unrealized loss on investment securities, net (from our licensed broker dealer) (Notes 1 and 2) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | - | ||||||||||
| Realized gain on investment securities, net (from our licensed broker dealer) (Notes 1 and 2) | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Fee income | - | |||||||||||||||
Related party fee income | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Other operating income | ||||||||||||||||
| Total operating loss, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Operating costs: | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative costs: | ||||||||||||||||
| Compensation | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating expense, related party | ||||||||||||||||
| Professional fees | ||||||||||||||||
| Information technology | ||||||||||||||||
| Clearing and other charges | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative-other | ||||||||||||||||
| Total operating costs | ||||||||||||||||
| Net operating loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other income: | ||||||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous income | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss related to dilution events | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | - | ||||||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities, net (from our non-licensed broker dealer) (Notes 1 and 2) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | - | ||||||||||
| Net loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Income taxes | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Net loss before equity method investee | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Equity in loss of equity method investee | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net loss attributable to MDB Capital Holdings, LLC | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss per share attributable to MDB Capital Holdings, LLC: | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss per Class A common share – basic and diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Weighted average of Class A common shares outstanding – basic and diluted | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss per Class B common share – basic and diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Weighted average of Class B common shares outstanding – basic and diluted | ||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 3 |
MDB CAPITAL HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended During the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | (Deficit) | Interest | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class A Common Shares | Class B Common Shares | Paid-In | Accumulated Income | Noncontrolling | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | (Deficit) | Interest | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2025 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Class A Common Shares | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2026 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Class A Common Shares | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2026 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Class A Common Shares | Class B Common Shares | Paid-In | Accumulated | Non-controlling | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Interest | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2025 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance | $ | - | $ | - | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2025 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance | $ | - | $ | - | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 4 |
MDB CAPITAL HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment securities, held by the licensed broker dealer | ||||||||
Related party unrealized loss on investment securities, held by the licensed broker dealer | - | |||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment securities, not held by the licensed broker dealer | - | |||||||
| Stock-based compensation | ||||||||
| Depreciation of property and equipment | ||||||||
| Deferred costs related to revenue | ( | ) | ||||||
| Warrants received as part of investment banking deal | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
Related party warrants received as part of investment banking deal | ( | ) | - | |||||
| Stock received in lieu of cash | ( | ) | - | |||||
| Portion of loss from equity investment | ||||||||
| Loss related to dilution events | - | |||||||
| Change in ROU Asset | ||||||||
| Change in lease liability | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in - | ||||||||
| Related party receivables | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Clearing deposits | - | |||||||
| Increase (decrease) in - | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Payables to customers | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Related party payables | ( | ) | ||||||
| Taxes payable | - | |||||||
| Accrued expenses | ( | ) | - | |||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | ( | ) | - | |||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | - | |||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | - | - | ||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | - | - | ||||||
| NET DECREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH - BEGINNING OF PERIOD | ||||||||
| CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH - END OF PERIOD | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for - | ||||||||
| Interest | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
| Income taxes | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
| Non-cash investing and financing activities: | ||||||||
| Warrants received as part of an investment banking deal | $ | $ | ||||||
The following table provides a reconciliation of the amount of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets to the total of the same such amounts shown in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):
| June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash segregated in compliance with regulations | ||||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 5 |
MDB CAPITAL HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 and 2025
1. Organization and Description of Business
MDB Capital Holdings, LLC (“the Company” or “MDB”), a Delaware limited liability company, is a holding company that has three wholly-owned subsidiaries: MDB CG Management Company (“MDB Management”); Public Ventures, LLC, d/b/a MDB Capital (“Public Ventures”); and PatentVest, Inc. (“PatentVest”), one majority owned subsidiary, MDB Minnesota One (“M1”), and one minority owned company eXoZymes Inc., formerly known as Invizyne Technologies, Inc., (“eXoZymes”), that was majority owned and was consolidated until November 14, 2024, when eXoZymes issued securities in its IPO and no longer was majority owned by MDB.
MDB Management is principally an “administrative” entity whose purpose is to conduct, and wherever possible, to consolidate shared services/resources, for our US-based operations.
Public Ventures is a U.S. registered broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) and the Texas State Securities Board. Public Ventures operates on a fully disclosed basis with a nonrelated FINRA member firm, Interactive Brokers, LLC (“Interactive Brokers”), and is not required to maintain a clearing deposit. Interactive Brokers is the clearing firm and custodian of investments maintained by Public Ventures.
Public Ventures also operates as a self-clearing broker dealer. The Company began carrying accounts for customers in January 2024. The Company does not carry proprietary accounts of broker dealers (“PAB accounts”) (as defined in Rule 15c3-3) for the period ended December 31, 2025.
PatentVest is a wholly-owned subsidiary that performs intellectual property validation services for Public Ventures’, due diligence functions on the intellectual property of partner and prospective partner companies and creates an intellectual property roadmap for such partner companies. PatentVest also provides intellectual property validation services for other clients.
M1 is a majority owned subsidiary and was formed with the purpose of developing pharmaceuticals based on patents and licensed technology from an affiliate of the Mayo Clinic organization, the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.
On
September 20, 2023, MDB completed an initial public offering “IPO”, consisting of the sale of
On
July 1, 2024, the founding ownership of M1 had MDB owning
| 6 |
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the financial statements of wholly-owned and majority owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Non-controlling interests at June 30, 2026 and 2025 relate to the interests of third parties in the partially owned subsidiaries.
The principal members of the Company have a controlling interest in MDB Capital, S.A., a company organized and based in Nicaragua. As the Company itself does not have a controlling financial interest in this entity, management has determined MDB Capital, S.A. is not a variable interest entity and should not be consolidated as it has no ownership interests, so has excluded this entity from the Company’s consolidated financial statements. It is the Company’s policy to reevaluate this conclusion on an annual basis or if there are significant changes in ownership.
Equity method investment
The Company applies the equity method to account for investments in entities where it has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee. Under the equity method, the investment in eXoZymes Inc, (“eXoZymes “), formerly Invizyne Technologies Inc. (“Invizyne”)”, is initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted to reflect the Company’s proportional share of the investee’s results of operations in its consolidated financial statements. Equity method investments are periodically reviewed for any other-than-temporary declines in value. The Company’s investment in eXoZymes is presented as “Equity method investment” on the consolidated balance sheet.
Any excess of the acquisition cost over the Company’s share of the net fair value of eXoZymes’ identifiable assets and liabilities at the acquisition date is recognized as goodwill, which is included in the carrying amount of the investment.
When the Company increases its interest in an affiliate accounted for under the equity method while retaining significant influence, it applies the acquisition method only to the additional interest acquired, leaving the previous interest unchanged. Conversely, when there is a decrease in the interest in an affiliate accounted for under the equity method while retaining significant influence, the Company derecognizes a proportionate part of its investment and recognizes any resulting gain or loss in profit or loss.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which it recognizes the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns. The Company measures current and deferred tax assets and liabilities based on provisions of enacted tax law. It evaluates the realization of our deferred tax assets based on all available evidence and establish a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that they will not be realized.
| 7 |
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period, as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Some of those judgments can be subjective and complex, and therefore, actual results could differ materially from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable in relation to the financial statements taken as a whole under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Management regularly evaluates the key factors and assumptions used to develop the estimates utilizing currently available information, changes in facts and circumstances, historical experience and reasonable assumptions. After such evaluations, if deemed appropriate, those estimates are adjusted accordingly. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include those related to assumptions used in the valuation of investment securities, accruals for potential liabilities, valuing equity instruments issued for services, assumptions used in the valuation of the equity method investment and gains on the deconsolidation of the subsidiary, the estimate of the fair value of the lease liability and related right of use assets, net realizable value of receivables, useful life of property and equipment, determining impairment of long-lived assets, and the realization of any deferred tax assets.
Emerging Growth Company
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” or “EGC” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected to opt out of the extended transition periods.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers highly liquid investments with original maturities or remaining maturities upon purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
The
Company’s policy is to maintain its cash balances with financial institutions with high credit ratings and in accounts insured
by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) and/or by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (the “SIPC”).
The Company may periodically have cash balances in financial institutions in excess of the FDIC and SIPC insurance limits of $
The Company periodically reviews the financial condition of the financial institutions and assesses the credit risk of such investments. The Company did not experience any credit risk losses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.
Segregated Cash and Deposits
The
Company provides deposits or enters into agreements that would require funds to be held in a segregated cash account. At June 30, 2026,
the Company had $
Clearing Deposits
The
Company is obligated to maintain security deposits with the DTC and NSCC. At June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, these deposits totaled
$
| 8 |
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
The
Company has prepaid and other current assets totaling $
Leases
Leases of the Company consist primarily of contracts for the right to use and direct use of an individual property. Leases were analyzed for evidence of significant additional components and to determine if these components were separately identifiable within the context of the contract. As an accounting policy, to account for these components, the Company has elected the practical expedient for property leases that have both lease and non-lease components for them to be combined into a single component and account for as a lease. This policy is effective for all current and future property operating leases and applied uniformly and will be disclosed as such within the financial statements. Operating lease assets are included within right-of-use assets and the corresponding operating lease liabilities are included within liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
The Company has elected not to present short-term leases on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as these leases have a lease term of 12 months or less at lease inception and do not contain purchase options or renewal terms that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. All other right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at the lease commencement date. Because the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate of return, the Company used the Company’s incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.
Stock Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation primarily consists of restricted stock units with service or market/performance conditions. Equity awards are measured at the fair market value of the underlying stock at the grant date. The Company recognized stock based compensation expense using the straight-line attribution method over the requisite service period. The Company’s subsidiary issued stock options and the fair value is determined utilizing Black-Scholes options-pricing model. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur, rather than applying an estimated forfeiture rate. For performance-based restricted stock units, the compensation cost is recognized based on the number of units expected to vest upon the achievement of the performance conditions. Shares are issued on the vesting dates net of the applicable statutory tax withholding to be paid by us on behalf of our employees. As a result, fewer shares are issued to the employee than the number of awards outstanding. The Company records a liability for the tax withholding to be paid by it as a reduction to Additional paid-in capital.
Investment Securities
The Company strategically invests funds in U.S. Treasury Bills, early-stage technology companies, and equity securities and options of publicly traded and privately held companies. The Company classifies investment securities as investment securities, at amortized cost, investment securities, at fair value, or investment securities, at cost less impairment.
Investment securities, at amortized cost – From time to time the Company will hold funds in investment securities, at amortized cost. This is comprised of debt securities held by MDB and are classified as investment securities held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost if management has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Initially, the cost of these securities was recorded, and later on, they were assessed at amortized cost, which was modified for unamortized purchase premiums and discounts, and also for credit losses provision. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the life of the related security as an adjustment to yield using the effective-interest method. Such amortization and accretion are included in the other operating income in the statements of operations. Interest income is recognized when earned. The Company recognizes estimated expected credit losses over the life of the investment security through the allowance for credit losses account. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from, or added to, the amortized cost basis of the investment security to present the net amount expected to be collected. In determining expected credit losses, the Company considers relevant qualitative factors including, but not limited to, term and structure of the instrument, credit rating by rating agencies and historic credit losses adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company holds investments in U.S. Treasury Bills or money market funds backed by U.S. Treasury Bills, so there are no expected credit losses. Declines in fair value of these securities is due to changes in market interest rates, and because it expects to hold these securities until maturity, it does not expect to realize any losses. There were no investment securities, at amortized cost as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
Investment securities, at fair value - This is comprised of equity investments held by the broker dealer subsidiary and are reported at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the statement of operations. Purchases and sales of equity securities, consisting of common stock and warrants to purchase common stock, are recorded based on the respective market price quotations on the trade date. Realized gains and losses on investments represent the net gains and losses on investments sold during the period based on the average cost method. Differences between the fair value of investments at the beginning of the year and the end of the year are recorded on the income statement as unrealized gains and losses.
Related party investment securities, at fair value – This is comprised of related party equity investments,
are held by the Company’s broker-dealer subsidiary and are reported at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in the statement
of operations. Purchases and sales of equity securities, consisting of common stock and warrants to purchase common stock, are recorded
based on the respective market price quotations on the trade date, and realized gains and losses on investments sold during the period
are determined using the average cost method, with differences between the fair value of investments at the beginning and end of the year
recorded as unrealized gains and losses. The Company holds warrants to purchase common stock of the investee in addition to its common
stock holdings, and as of June 30, 2026, owned approximately
Investment securities, at cost less impairment - This is comprised of equity securities without a readily determinable fair value held by the broker dealer subsidiary. The Company has elected to apply the measurement alternative of cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes. The Company will reassess whether such an investment qualifies for the measurement alternative at each reporting period. In evaluating an investment for impairment or observable price changes, we will use inputs including recent financing events, as well as other available information regarding the investee’s historical and forecasted performance. The Company has assessed this investment and determined that the current impairment of such securities held at June 30, 2026 is accurate.
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There were no securities at amortized cost on June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
Investment securities are as follows (in thousands):
Broker/Dealer Securities
Schedule of Investment Securities Broker Dealer
| June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| Investment securities, at fair value: | ||||||||
| Common stock of publicly traded companies | $ | $ | ||||||
| Warrants of publicly traded companies | ||||||||
Related party warrants of publicly traded companies | - | |||||||
| Warrants of non-publicly traded companies | ||||||||
| Investment securities, at fair value | $ | $ | ||||||
Non-Broker/Dealer Securities
Schedule of Investment Securities Non-Broker Dealer
| June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| Investment securities, at fair value: | ||||||||
| Common stock of publicly traded companies | $ | $ | ||||||
| Investment securities, at fair value | $ | $ | ||||||
For
investment securities at fair value (held at the
broker-dealer), net unrealized loss of $
For related party investment securities
at fair value (held at the broker-dealer), net unrealized loss of $
For investment securities at fair value (held at the non-broker-dealer), net unrealized loss of $
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are categorized based on whether the inputs are observable in the market and the degree that the inputs are observable. The categorization of financial assets and liabilities within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. There is no significant concentration of credit risk, due to the majority of assets being invested in U.S. Treasury Bills.
The Company determines the fair value of its financial instruments based on a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels:
Level 1–- Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for an identical asset or liability that the Company has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
Level 2–- Inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, which are directly observable for the asset or liability or indirectly observable through corroboration with observable market data.
Level 3–- Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data for the asset or liability which requires the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
The Company’s financial instruments primarily consist of cash and investment securities. As of the balance sheet dates, certain investment securities are required to be recorded at fair value with the change in fair value during the period being recorded as an unrealized gain or loss. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the estimated fair values of investment securities, at amortized cost were not materially different from their carrying values as presented as of the balance sheet date. This is primarily attributed to the short-term maturities of these instruments.
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Investment securities, at amortized cost: The fair value of U.S. Treasury Bills classified as held-to-maturity investment securities is based on the market price and is classified as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
A description of the valuation techniques applied to the Company’s major categories of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis is as follows:
Investment securities: Public equity securities are assessed for valuation at the close of each period. Warrants are valued using the Black-Scholes model, which considers the stock price at the date of the valuation, the warrants strike price, the term to expiry, the risk-free rate of return, and the expected volatility of the underlying stock.
Investment securities, at cost less impairment: Non-public equity securities and simple agreements for future equity are valued based on the initial investment, less impairment. The Company determined that no impairment was warranted. Since these securities are not actively traded, we will apply valuation adjustments when they become available, and they are categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
The following table sets forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2026, except for the Level 3 investment that is recorded at cost (in thousands):
Schedule of Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
| Assets | Classification | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||
| Investment Securities, at fair value, held by the licensed broker dealer | Equity securities–- common stock | $ | $ | - | $ | - | $ | |||||||||||
| Investment Securities, at fair value, held by the non-licensed broker dealer | Equity securities–- common stock | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Investment Securities (held by our licensed broker dealer) | Warrants | - | ||||||||||||||||
| Related party investment Securities (held by our licensed broker dealer) | Warrants | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Total assets measured at fair value (held by our licensed broker dealer and non-licensed broker dealer) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
During
the six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company had transfers between Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy of a fair value
of $
Reconciliation of fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
Schedule of Reconciliation of Fair Value Measurements Within Level 3 of Fair Value Hierarchy
| December 31, 2025 | $ | |||
| Beginning Balance | $ | |||
| Receipt from investment banking fees | ||||
| Transfer of securities from Level 3 to Level 2 | ( | ) | ||
| Unrealized losses | ( | ) | ||
| Sales or distribution | - | |||
| Purchases | - | |||
| June 30, 2026 | $ | |||
| Ending Balance | $ |
The following table presents information about significant unobservable inputs related to material components of Level 3 warrants as of June 30, 2026 (in thousands):
Schedule of Significant Unobservable Inputs Related to Material Components of Level 3 Warrants
| Assets | Fair Value | Valuation Techniques | Significant Unobservable Inputs | Range of Inputs | Weighted- Average | |||||||||||
| Warrants | $ | Black Scholes | Volatility | % | % | |||||||||||
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| Assets | Classification | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||
| Investment Securities, at fair value, held by the licensed broker dealer | Equity securities—–- common stock | $ | $ | - | $ | - | $ | |||||||||||
| Investment Securities, at fair value, held by the non-licensed broker dealer | Equity securities–- common stock | $ | $ | - | $ | - | $ | |||||||||||
| Investment Securities (held by our licensed broker dealer) | Warrants | - | ||||||||||||||||
| Total assets measured at fair value (held by our licensed broker dealer) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
During the six months ended December 31, 2025, the Company did not have any transfers between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
| December 31, 2024 | $ | |||
| Beginning Balance | $ | |||
| Receipt from investment banking fees | ||||
| Unrealized gains | ||||
| December 31, 2025 | $ | |||
| Ending Balance | $ |
| Assets | Fair Value | Valuation Techniques | Significant Unobservable Inputs | Range of Inputs | Weighted- Average | |||||||||||
| Warrants | $ | Black Scholes | Volatility | % | % | |||||||||||
Secured Debt–- Revolving Credit Facility
The
Company entered into a revolving credit facility with a bank, (the “Lender”) on July 26, 2025, for a commitment of up to
$
The
Company granted the Lender a security interest in a cash checking account held at the bank as collateral. The Lender has a right of
setoff available from this cash account when the line of credit is accessed. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there was
$
The Company is responsible for the payment of all of the Lender’s legal and other fees incurred in connection with administering the loan. The Company has incurred no such costs or debt issue costs.
As
of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, there are
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Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Major improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Gains and losses from disposition of property and equipment are included in the statements of operations when realized. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
Schedule of Estimated Useful Lives of Property and Equipment
| Laboratory equipment | ||
| Furniture and fixtures | ||
| Leasehold improvements | Lesser of the lease duration or the life of the improvements |
Property and equipment consist of the following as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively (in thousands):
Schedule of Property And Equipment
| June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| Laboratory equipment | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
| Furniture and fixtures | - | - | ||||||
| Developed software | ||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | - | - | ||||||
| Total property and equipment | ||||||||
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Revenue
The Company generates revenue primarily from providing brokerage services and underwriting through Public Ventures. PatentVest and eXoZymes, have had limited activity during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.
Brokerage revenues consist of (i) trade-based commission income from executed trade orders, (ii) net realized gains and losses from proprietary trades, and (iii) other income consisting primarily of stock loan income earned on customer accounts. Public Ventures recognizes revenue from trade-based commissions and other income when performance obligations are satisfied through the transfer of control, as specified in the contract, of promised services to the customers of Public Ventures. Commissions are recognized on a trade date basis. Public Ventures believes that each executed trade order represents a single performance obligation that is fulfilled on the trade date because that is when the underlying financial instrument is identified, the pricing is agreed upon, and the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to/from the customer. When another party is involved in transferring a good or service to a customer, Public Ventures assesses whether revenue is presented based on the gross consideration received from customers (principal) or net of amounts paid to a third party (agent). Public Ventures has determined that it is acting as the principal as the provider of the brokerage services and therefore records this revenue on a gross basis. Clearing, custody and trade administration fees incurred from Interactive Brokers, the Company’s clearing firm, are recorded effective as of the trade date. The costs are treated as fulfillment costs and are recorded in operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.
Brokerage revenue is measured by the transaction price, which is defined as the amount of consideration that Public Ventures expects to receive in exchange for services to customers. The transaction price is adjusted for estimates of known or expected variable consideration based upon the individual contract terms. Variable consideration is recorded as a reduction to revenue based on amounts that Public Ventures expects to refund back to the customer. There were no variable considerations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
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Investment banking revenues consist of private placement and underwriting fees. The Company generally does not incur costs to obtain contracts with customers that are eligible for deferral or receive fees prior to recognizing revenue related to investment banking transactions, and therefore, as of June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company did not have any contract assets or liabilities related to these revenues on its consolidated balance sheets.
Investment securities, at fair value, comprised of related party equity investments, are held by the Company’s broker-dealer
subsidiary and are reported at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in the statement of operations. Purchases and sales of
equity securities, consisting of common stock and warrants to purchase common stock, are recorded based on the respective market price
quotations on the trade date, and realized gains and losses on investments sold during the period are determined using the average cost
method, with differences between the fair value of investments at the beginning and end of the year recorded as unrealized gains and losses.
The Company enters into underwriting agreements, to act as an underwriter for security offerings, which are for the purpose of the distribution
and sale of securities to investors, and the Company recognizes revenue earned from eXoZymes, of which the Company owns approximately
Private placement fees are related to non-underwritten transactions such as private placements of equity securities, private investments in public equity, and Rule 144A private offerings and are recorded on the closing date of the transaction. Client reimbursements for costs associated with private placement fees are recorded gross within investment banking and various expense captions, excluding compensation. The Company typically receives payments on private placements transactions at the completion of the contract. The Company views the majority of placement fees as a single performance obligation that is satisfied when the transaction is complete, and the revenue is recognized at that point in time.
Taxes and regulatory fees assessed by a government authority or agency that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specified revenue-producing transaction, which are collected by Public Ventures from a customer, are excluded from revenue and recorded against general and administrative expenses.
Public Ventures does not incur any costs to obtain contracts with customers for revenues that are eligible for deferral or receive fees prior to recognizing revenue, and therefore, as of June 30, 2026 and 2025, Public Ventures did not have any contract assets or liabilities related to these revenues in its consolidated balance sheet.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company’s technology development segment revenue had no revenue.
PatentVest recognizes revenue when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring promised goods and services to customers in an amount the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. PatentVest enters into contracts that can include various combinations of its offerings which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as a separate performance obligation for the entire contract or a portion of the contract. When performance obligations are combined into a single contract, PatentVest utilizes stand-alone selling price to allocate the transaction price among the performance obligations.
Certain contracts or portions of contracts are duration-based, which in the event of customer cancellation, provide PatentVest with an enforceable right to a proportional payment for the portion of the services provided. Accordingly, revenue from duration-based contracts is recognized using a time-based measure of progress, which PatentVest believes best depicts how it satisfies its performance obligations in these arrangements as control is continuously transferred throughout the contract period. Revenue from certain contracts is recognized over the expected period of performance using a single measure of progress, typically based on hours incurred. Payments received in advance of services being rendered are recorded as a component of contract liabilities.
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Patent and Licensing Legal and Filing Fees and Costs
Due to the significant uncertainty associated with the successful development of one or more commercially viable products based on the research efforts and related patent applications, all patent and licensing legal and filing fees and costs related to the development and protection of its intellectual property are charged to operations as incurred.
Patent
and licensing legal and filing fees and costs were $
3. Segment Reporting
In its operation of the business, management, including the Company’s chief operating decision maker, who is also the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, reviews certain financial information, including segmented profit and loss and balance sheet statements.
The
Company currently operates in
The broker dealer & intellectual property service segment currently has two subsidiaries, Public Ventures and PatentVest. Public Ventures is a full-service broker dealer firm focusing on conducting private and public securities offerings. PatentVest offers in-depth patent research used for investment banking due diligence.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company’s technology development segment consisted of a single subsidiary, M1, a research and development stage company focused on developing a small molecule senescence platform started in July 2024.
Non-income generating subsidiaries for management of the business, including MDB CG Management Company, Inc. are reported in the Other column in the table below
The following sets forth the long-lived assets and total assets by segment at June 30, 2026:
Schedule of Long-lived Assets and Total Assets by Segment
| ASSETS | Broker Dealer & Intellectual Property Service | Technology Development | Other | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Long-lived assets | $ | $ | - | $ | $ | - | $ | |||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | - | $ | $ | - | $ | |||||||||||||
| 15 |
The following sets forth statements of operations by segment for the three months ended June 30, 2026:
Schedule of Statement of Operation by Segment
Broker Dealer & Intellectual Property Service | Technology Development | Other | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating loss: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment securities, net from the licensed broker dealer (1) | $ | ( | ) | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
Related party unrealized loss on investment securities, net from the licensed broker dealer (1) | ( | ) | - | - | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Realized gain on investment securities from the licensed broker dealer (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee income (from our licensed broker dealer) (2) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
Related party fee income (from our licensed broker dealer) (2) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| Other operating income (3) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| Total operating loss, net | ( | ) | - | - | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Operating costs: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative costs: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expense, related party | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Professional fees | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| Information technology | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Clearing and other charges | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative-other | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating costs | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||
| Other income and expense: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous income | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Interest income | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss related to dilution events | - | - | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment securities, at fair value, held by the non-licensed broker dealer (1) | ( | ) | - | - | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||
| Income tax expense | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Loss before equity method investee | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||
| Equity in loss of equity method investee | - | - | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests | - | ( | ) | - | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to MDB Capital Holdings, LLC | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | - | $ | ( | ) | ||||||
| 16 |
The following sets forth statements of operations by segment for the six months ended June 30, 2026:
Broker Dealer & Intellectual Property Service | Technology Development | Other | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating loss: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment securities, net from the licensed broker dealer (1) | $ | ( | ) | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
Related party unrealized loss on investment securities, net from the licensed broker dealer (1) | ( | ) | - | - | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Realized gain on investment securities, net from the licensed broker dealer (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee income (from our licensed broker dealer) (2) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
Related party fee income (from our licensed broker dealer) (2) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| Other operating income (3) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| Total operating loss, net | ( | ) | - | - | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Operating costs: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative costs: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expense, related party | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Professional fees | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| Information technology | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Clearing and other charges | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative-other | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating costs | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||
| Other income and expense: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous income | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Interest income | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss related to dilution events | - | - | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment securities, at fair value, held by the non-licensed broker dealer (1) | ( | ) | - | - | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||
| Income tax expense | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Loss before equity method investee | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||
| Equity in loss of equity method investee | - | - | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests | - | ( | ) | - | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to MDB Capital Holdings, LLC | $ | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| (1) | |
| (2) | |
| (3) |
| ASSETS | Broker Dealer & Intellectual Property Service | Technology Development | Other | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Long-lived assets | $ | $ | - | $ | $ | - | $ | |||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | - | $ | ||||||||||||||
| 17 |
The following sets forth statements of operations by segment for the three months June 30, 2025:
Broker Dealer & Intellectual Property Service | Technology Development | Other | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating income: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment securities, net (from our licensed broker dealer) (Notes 1 and 2) (1) | $ | ( | ) | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Fee income (from our licensed broker dealer) (2) | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Other operating income (3) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| Total operating loss, net | ( | ) | - | - | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Operating costs: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative costs: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expense, related party | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Professional fees | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| Information technology | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Clearing and other charges | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative-other | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating costs | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||
| Other income and expense: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous income | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Interest income | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||
| Income tax expense | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Loss before equity method investee | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||
| Equity in loss of equity method investee | - | - | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests | - | ( | ) | - | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to MDB Capital Holdings, LLC | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | - | $ | ( | ) | ||||||
| 18 |
The following sets forth statements of operations by segment for the six months June 30, 2025:
Broker Dealer & Intellectual Property Service | Technology Development | Other | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating income: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment securities, net (from our licensed broker dealer) (Notes 1 and 2) (1) | $ | ( | ) | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Fee income (from our licensed broker dealer) (2) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| Other operating income (3) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| Total operating loss, net | ( | ) | - | - | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Operating costs: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative costs: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expense, related party | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Professional fees | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| Information technology | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Clearing and other charges | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative-other | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating costs | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||
| Net operating loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||
| Other income and expense: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous income | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Interest income | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||
| Income tax expense | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Loss before equity method investee | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||
| Equity in loss of equity method investee | - | - | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests | - | ( | ) | - | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to MDB Capital Holdings, LLC | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | - | $ | ( | ) | ||||||
| (1) | |
| (2) | |
| (3) |
4. Equity and Non-Controlling Interests
Equity
Preferred
shares –
Class
A Common Shares –
Class
B Common Shares –
Placement
Agent and Selling Agent Warrants –
| 19 |
Non-Controlling Interests (NCI)
For
the six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company held a weighted average of
During
each period, controlling and NCI changes as a result of capital infusions from the Company. For the six months ended June 30, 2026, there
were $
Schedule of Equity and Non-Controlling Interests
For the Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Non-controlling companies net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Weighted average non-controlling percentage | % | % | ||||||
| Net loss non-controlling interest | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Prior period balance | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Stock-based compensation | - | - | ||||||
| Ending period balance | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
If there is a change in the parent ownership in a subsidiary from an additional investment or from the issuance of stock based compensation, a change of the non-controlling ownership is recognized based on the amount invested as required, and per ASC 810-45-21A, the carrying amount of the non-controlling interest is adjusted to reflect the change in the non-controlling ownership in the subsidiary’s net assets. Since there was a change in the equity, a reclassification of the non-controlling interest in the subsidiary’s net assets is required and demonstrated in the ending period balance above.
5. Equity Method Investment
On
November 14, 2024, eXoZymes underwent an initial public offering in which MDB’s ownership interest in eXoZymes decreased from
The fair value of the equity method investment was determined based on the number of eXoZymes shares held by MDB and the market price of eXoZymes stock on the deconsolidation date. This valuation also included the estimated fair value of warrants held in eXoZymes, along with an assessment of the investment for any potential impairment.
The
Company’s portion of the net loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 was $
During
the quarter ended June 30, 2026, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $
The following summarizes the Company’ consolidated balance sheet equity method investment as follows (in thousands):
Schedule of Equity Method Investment
| Carrying Amount | ||||
| December 31, 2025, beginning balance | $ | |||
| Portion of loss from eXoZymes | ( | ) | ||
| Impairment of equity investment | ( | ) | ||
| Loss related to dilution events | ( | ) | ||
| Rounding | ( | ) | ||
| June 30, 2026, carrying amount | $ | |||
| 20 |
6. Stock-Based Compensation
On April 28, 2025, Mo Hayat, Chris Marlett, George Brandon, and Anthony DiGiandomenico voluntarily relinquished their outstanding restricted stock units (RSUs) in exchange for stock options for an equivalent number of Class A shares and similar vesting schedules. This exchange was executed as part of a broader equity compensation strategy aimed at aligning long-term incentives with shareholder value creation. The terms of the stock options, including exercise price and vesting schedules, were approved by the Company’s Board of Directors in accordance with the existing equity incentive plan and Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
Between
April 19, 2022 and September 21, 2022, the Company granted
On
April 19, 2022, the Company granted
A summary of restricted stock unit activity during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 is presented below (in thousands, except for share price and contractual life):
Schedule of Restricted Stock Unit Activity
| Time-Based | Performance-Based | |||||||||||||||
Number of Restricted Stock Units | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | Number of Restricted Stock Units | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||||||||||
| Restricted stock units outstanding at June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Granted | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Vested | ( | ) | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Exchanged/Modified | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Expired/Cancelled | ( | ) | $ | - | - | |||||||||||
| Restricted stock units outstanding at December 31, 2025 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||||
| Granted | ( | ) | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Vested | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Expired/Cancelled | ( | ) | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Restricted stock units outstanding at June 30, 2026 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||||
| Restricted stock units at June 30, 2025 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||||
| Restricted stock units at June 30, 2026 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||||
| 21 |
On
April 28, 2025, in exchange for
On
February 1, 2026, stock options to purchase
On
May 1, 2026, stock options to purchase
The
total unrecognized compensation expense for the time vesting stock options as of June 30, 2026, was $
A summary of time-based stock option activity during the six months ended June 30, 2026, and the year ended June 30, 2025, is presented below (in thousands, except for share price and contractual life):
Schedule of Time-Based Stock Option Activity
Number of Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years) | ||||||||||
| Time-based stock options outstanding at June 30, 2025 | $ | |||||||||||
| Exchanged/Modified | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Exercised | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Expired/Cancelled | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Time-based stock options outstanding at December 31, 2025 | $ | |||||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||||||
| Exercised | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Expired/Cancelled | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Time-based stock options outstanding at June 30, 2026 | $ | |||||||||||
| Stock options exercisable at June 30, 2025 | - | $ | - | - | ||||||||
| Stock options exercisable at June 30, 2026 | $ | |||||||||||
In
addition, on April 28, 2025, in exchange for
| 22 |
A summary of market-based stock option activity during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, is presented below (in thousands, except for share price and contractual life):
Schedule of Market-Based Stock Option Activity
Number of Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years) | ||||||||||
| Market-based stock options outstanding at June 30, 2025 | - | $ | - | - | ||||||||
| Exchanged/Modified | ||||||||||||
| Exercised | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Expired/Cancelled | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Market-based stock options outstanding at December 31, 2025 | $ | |||||||||||
| Exchanged/Modified | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Exercised | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Expired/Cancelled | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Market-based stock options outstanding at June 30, 2026 | $ | |||||||||||
| Stock options exercisable at June 30, 2025 | - | $ | - | - | ||||||||
| Stock options exercisable at June 30, 2026 | - | $ | - | - | ||||||||
7. Earnings Per Share
The Company’s computation of earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) includes basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as the income (loss) attributable to common stockholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is similar to basic EPS but presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis of potential common shares (e.g., preferred shares, warrants and stock options) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential common shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS
Loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the respective periods.
Basic and fully diluted earnings per share is calculated at follows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands, except for share price):
Schedule of Basic and Fully Diluted
| For the Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic | June 30, 2026 | June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||
Class A Common Shares | Class B Common Shares | Class A Common Shares | Class B Common Shares | |||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to MDB Capital Holdings, LLC | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding – basic | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss per share – basic | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| For the Six Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic | June 30, 2026 | June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||
Class A Common Shares | Class B Common Shares | Class A Common Shares | Class B Common Shares | |||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to MDB Capital Holdings, LLC | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding – basic | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss per share – basic | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
Class A Common Shares and Class B common stock are equal for ownership purposes, but Class B shares have five times the voting rights of Class A shares and Class B shares can be exchanged on a one-to-one basis for purposes of sale.
| 23 |
8. Related Party Transactions
The
principal members of the Company have a controlling interest in Point 1286, a company organized and based in the United States and is
the sole owner of MDB Capital, S.A., a company organized and based in Nicaragua , that provides outsourced services to the Company and
other non-related entities. During the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company paid $
During
the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, PatentVest, a
During
the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, PatentVest, a
During the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, Public Ventures, a
During
the six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recorded related party receivables totaling $
9. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Claims
The Company may be subject to legal claims and actions from time to time as part of its business activities. As of June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company was not subject to any pending or threatened legal claims or actions.
External Risks Associated with the Company’s Business Activities
Net Capital Requirement (Public Ventures)
Public
Ventures, LLC, d/b/a MDB Capital, is subject to the uniform net capital rule (SEC Rule 15c3-1) of the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the “SEC”), which requires both the maintenance of minimum net capital and the maintenance of maximum ratio of aggregate
indebtedness to net capital. At June 30, 2026 and 2025, Public Ventures had net capital of $
In
2024 the Company entered into a subordinated loan agreement with its broker-dealer subsidiary for $
At
June 30, 2026, the broker-dealer subsidiary’s ratio of aggregate indebtedness of $
To
comply with DTC membership requirements, the broker-dealer subsidiary has committed to maintain at least $
The requirement to comply with the Uniform Net Capital Rule 15c3-1 may limit Public Ventures’ ability to issue dividends to its parent company.
| 24 |
Indemnification Provisions
Public Ventures has agreed to indemnify its clearing broker for losses that the clearing broker may sustain from the accounts of customers. Should a customer not fulfill its obligation on a transaction, Public Ventures may be required to buy or sell securities at prevailing market prices in the future on behalf of its customer. The indemnification obligations of Public Ventures to its clearing broker have no maximum amount. All unsettled trades at June 30, 2026 and 2025 have subsequently settled with no resulting material liability to Public Ventures, LLC. For the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, Public Ventures had no material loss due to counterparty failure and had no obligations outstanding under the indemnification arrangement as of June 30, 2026 and 2025.
10. Employee Benefit Plans
MDB
Management sponsored individual 401(k) defined contribution plans for the benefit of each company’s eligible employees. The plan
allow eligible employees to contribute a portion of their annual compensation, not to exceed annual limits established by the Department
of Treasury. MDB Management makes matching contributions for participating employees up to a certain percentage of the employee contributions;
matching contributions were funded for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. Benefits under the MDB Management plan were available
to all employees, and employees become fully vested in the employer contribution upon receipt. For the six months ended June 30, 2026
and 2025, a total of $
MDB Management also provides health and related benefit plans for eligible employees.
11. Exclusive License Agreement (MDB Minnesota One)
On July 1, 2024, M1 entered into a Patent and Know-How License Agreement (the “License Agreement”) with the Mayo for certain patent rights and associated technology pursuant to which M1 intends to develop a small molecule senescence platform. The License Agreement grants M1 rights to develop and commercialize Mayo’s patented technology and know-how for all fields of use on a worldwide basis. Under the terms of the License Agreement, M1 holds an exclusive license of patent rights and a non-exclusive license for the associated technology to make, have made, use, offer for sale, sell, and import licensed products and derivatives.
As
part of the initial consideration for the License Agreement, M1 issued
Under the License Agreement, M1 is required to achieve certain development milestones within designated time periods. For select development milestones, as listed below, M1 will be required to make a payment to Mayo, also as noted below:
| ● | A
payment of $ | |
| ● | A
payment of $ | |
| ● | A
payment of $ | |
| ● | A
payment of $ |
As of June 30, 2026, the development milestones noted above are not required to have been met and have not been met. There are other developmental milestones in the License Agreement relating to funding of the business and to initiating various clinical trial phases over time.
| 25 |
12. Leases
For operating leases, the Company records right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities in the balance sheets for all leases with terms longer than twelve months. The Company has one operating lease, with no variable lease costs, and no finance leases as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
On
July 1, 2022, the Company executed a lease for new office space in the Dallas, Texas metropolitan area. The space was occupied on December
20, 2022. The lease has a term of
ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company’s uses the implicit rate in its lease calculations when it is readily determinable. Since the Company’s leases do not provide implicit rates, to determine the present value of lease payments, management uses the Company’s estimated incremental borrowing rate for a fully collateralized loan with a similar term of the lease that is based on the information available at the inception of the lease.
Schedule of Operating Lease Cost
June 30, 2026 (in thousands) | December 31, 2025 (in thousands) | |||||||
| Operating leases: | ||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term in years | ||||||||
| Weighted average discount rate | % | % | ||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
| Operating lease cost | $ | $ | ||||||
| Short-term lease costs | ||||||||
| Total operating lease costs | $ | $ | ||||||
Future payments due under operating leases as of June 30, 2026, are as follows (in thousands):
Schedule of Future payments Due Under Operating Lease
| Year | Amount | |||
| Remainder of 2026 | $ | |||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| 2029 | ||||
| 2030 | ||||
| Total | $ | |||
| Less effects of discounting | ( | ) | ||
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ | |||
| 26 |
13. Income Taxes
The Company is a limited liability company treated as a partnership for federal and state income tax purposes, with the exception of the state of Texas, in which income tax liabilities and/or benefits of the Company are passed through to its unitholders. Limited liability companies are subject to Texas margin tax. Additionally, the Company’s subsidiaries Public Ventures, MDB Management, PatentVest, and M1 are Subchapter C-corporations subject to federal and state income taxes.
Amounts recognized as income taxes are included in “income tax expense” on the statements of operations. The Company recognized no income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2026, and June 30, 2025, because of a full valuation allowance recorded against the Company’s net deferred tax assets.
The
Company’s federal and state statutory tax rate net of the federal tax benefit was approximately
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. At the end of 2025, the Company’s corporate earnings were in a cumulative loss position. Based on the cumulative losses and projections of future taxable income for the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, the Company recorded a valuation allowance against all its net deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2026, and June 30, 2025. The Company intends to maintain a full valuation allowance on its net deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these allowances. The amount of deferred tax assets considered realizable could materially increase in the future, and the amount of valuation allowance recorded could materially decrease if estimates of future taxable income are increased.
14. Subsequent Events
Subsequent to quarter-end, the eXoZymes share price declined further, closing at $
| 27 |
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
MDB Capital Holdings, LLC (the “Company” or “MDB”), a Delaware limited liability company, is a holding company that has three wholly-owned subsidiaries: MDB CG Management Company (“MDB Management”); Public Ventures, LLC, d/b/a MDB Capital (“Public Ventures”); and PatentVest, Inc. (“PatentVest”), has one majority-owned partner company MDB Minnesota One, Inc. (“MDB Minnesota One”), and one minority owned company eXoZymes Inc., formerly known as Invizyne Technologies, Inc., (“eXoZymes”), that was majority owned and is consolidated up to until November 14, 2025, when eXoZymes issued securities in its IPO and no longer majority owned by MDB.
MDB Management is principally an “administrative” entity whose purpose is to conduct, and wherever possible, to consolidate shared services/resources, for our US-based operations.
Public Ventures is a U.S. registered broker-dealer under the Exchange Act and is a member of FINRA and the Texas State Securities Board. Public Ventures is managed by Christopher A. Marlett, who is also a founder of MDB. Public Ventures operates on a fully disclosed basis with a nonrelated FINRA member firm, Interactive Brokers, LLC (“Interactive Brokers”), and is not required to maintain a clearing deposit. Interactive Brokers is the clearing firm and custodian of investments maintained by Public Ventures. Public Ventures also operates as a self-clearing broker dealer and began carrying accounts for customers in January 2024.
PatentVest is a wholly-owned subsidiary that performs intellectual property validation services for Public Ventures’ due diligence functions on the intellectual property of partner and prospective partner companies and creates an intellectual property roadmap for such partner companies. PatentVest also provides intellectual property validation services for other clients.
M1 is a majority owned subsidiary and was formed with the purpose of developing pharmaceuticals, based on patents and licensed technology from the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (“Mayo”).
On November 14, 2024, eXoZymes completed its initial public offering (IPO), in which it sold common stock, reducing the Company’s ownership interest from approximately 60% to 47%. As a result, effective November 14, 2024, eXoZymes became a minority owned company and is now accounted for under the equity method of accounting, which 40.75% is owned by the company.
Results of Operations
The Company has determined its reporting units in accordance with ASC (Accounting Standards Codification) 280, Segment Reporting. The Company currently operates in two reportable segments: (i) the broker dealer and intellectual property service segment and (ii) the technology development segment.
| 28 |
The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations as discussed herein are presented below.
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | ||||||||||
| Operating loss: | ||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment securities, net (from our licensed broker dealer) | $ | (1,835 | ) | $ | (2,193 | ) | $ | 358 | ||||
Related party unrealized loss on investment securities, net (from our licensed broker dealer) | (29 | ) | - | (29 | ) | |||||||
| Realized gain on investment securities from the licensed broker dealer (1) | 30 | - | 30 | |||||||||
| Fee income (from our licensed broker dealer) | 411 | - | 411 | |||||||||
Related party fee income (from our licensed broker dealer) | 592 | - | 592 | |||||||||
| Other operating income | 279 | 293 | (14 | ) | ||||||||
| Total operating loss, net | (552 | ) | (1,900 | ) | 1,348 | |||||||
| Operating costs: | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative costs: | ||||||||||||
| Compensation | 3,418 | 3,819 | (401 | ) | ||||||||
| Operating expense, related party | 514 | 474 | 40 | |||||||||
| Professional fees | 503 | 352 | 151 | |||||||||
| Information technology | 316 | 268 | 48 | |||||||||
| Clearing and other charges | 337 | 35 | 302 | |||||||||
| General and administrative-other | 490 | 545 | (55 | ) | ||||||||
| Total operating costs | 5,578 | 5,493 | 85 | |||||||||
| Net operating loss | (6,130 | ) | (7,393 | ) | 1,263 | |||||||
| Other income: | ||||||||||||
| Interest expense | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Miscellaneous income | - | 75 | (75 | ) | ||||||||
| Interest income | 81 | 175 | (94 | ) | ||||||||
| Loss related to dilution events | (1,267 | ) | - | (1,267 | ) | |||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment securities, at fair value, held by the non-licensed broker dealer (1) | (61 | ) | - | (61 | ) | |||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (7,377 | ) | (7,143 | ) | (234 | ) | ||||||
| Income taxes | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Net loss before equity method investee | (7,377 | ) | (7,143 | ) | (234 | ) | ||||||
| Equity in loss of equity method investee | (1,942 | ) | (1,107 | ) | (835 | ) | ||||||
| Net loss | (9,319 | ) | (8,250 | ) | (1,069 | ) | ||||||
| Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | - | |||||||
| Net loss attributable to MDB Capital Holdings, LLC | $ | (9,317 | ) | $ | (8,248 | ) | $ | (1,069 | ) | |||
| 29 |
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | ||||||||||
| Operating loss: | ||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment securities, net (from our licensed broker dealer) | $ | (4,882 | ) | $ | (3,656 | ) | $ | (1,226 | ) | |||
Related party unrealized loss on investment securities, net (from our licensed broker dealer) | (29 | ) | - | (29 | ) | |||||||
| Realized gain on investment securities, net from the licensed broker dealer (1) | 30 | - | 30 | |||||||||
| Fee income (from our licensed broker dealer) | 3,273 | 2,140 | 1,133 | |||||||||
Related party fee income (from our licensed broker dealer) | 592 | - | 592 | |||||||||
| Other operating income | 508 | 443 | 65 | |||||||||
| Total operating loss, net | (508 | ) | (1,073 | ) | 565 | |||||||
| Operating costs: | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative costs: | ||||||||||||
| Compensation | 6,751 | 8,155 | (1,404 | ) | ||||||||
| Operating expense, related party | 961 | 929 | 32 | |||||||||
| Professional fees | 1,187 | 1,141 | 46 | |||||||||
| Information technology | 598 | 517 | 81 | |||||||||
| Clearing and other charges | 766 | 324 | 442 | |||||||||
| General and administrative-other | 840 | 1,164 | (324 | ) | ||||||||
| Total operating costs | 11,103 | 12,230 | (1,127 | ) | ||||||||
| Net operating loss | (11,611 | ) | (13,303 | ) | 1,692 | |||||||
| Other income: | ||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous income | - | 75 | (75 | ) | ||||||||
| Interest income | 146 | 356 | (210 | ) | ||||||||
| Loss related to dilution events | (1,363 | ) | - | (1,363 | ) | |||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment securities, at fair value, held by the non-licensed broker dealer (1) | (177 | ) | - | (177 | ) | |||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (13,005 | ) | (12,872 | ) | (133 | ) | ||||||
| Income taxes | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Net loss before equity method investee | (13,005 | ) | (12,872 | ) | (133 | ) | ||||||
| Equity in loss of equity method investee | (3,050 | ) | (1,980 | ) | (1,070 | ) | ||||||
| Net loss | (16,055 | ) | (14,852 | ) | (1,203 | ) | ||||||
| Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests | (3 | ) | (17 | ) | 14 | |||||||
| Net loss attributable to MDB Capital Holdings, LLC | $ | (16,052 | ) | $ | (14,835 | ) | $ | (1,217 | ) | |||
| 30 |
Operating Loss. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, operating income was generated from the Company’s fees from investment banking transactions in the broker-dealer and patent related intellectual property services. The increase compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, is attributable to investment banking activity, as the Company executed larger transactions in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, operating income was generated from the Company’s fees from investment banking transactions in the broker-dealer and patent related intellectual property services, as well as one investment banking transaction for a related party entity. The decrease in unrealized loss on investment securities, net (from our licensed broker dealer), as well as related party securities held by our licensed broker dealer and investment securities, net (not from our licensed broker dealer) was due to mark to market activity in the held securities.
General and Administrative Costs. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, respectively, several factors contributed to changes in various expense categories:
| ● | Compensation Expense: The decrease in compensation expense was the result of personnel departures during 2025, including the related stock compensation expense. | |
| ● | Related Party Operating Expenses: These expense remained constant for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. | |
| ● | Professional Fees: There was an increase in professional fees for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026. | |
| ● | Information Technology Costs: Information technology costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, saw an increase from the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, driven by higher costs with the initiation of self-clearing operations and increased cloud computing costs. | |
| ● | Clearing and Other Charges: The increase is in line with investment banking activity, as these costs generally correlate with investment banking transactions, which compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, had smaller fee generating transactions. | |
| ● | Other General and Administrative Costs: The decrease was primarily due to lower stock-based compensation expense. Two directors’ RSU grants that were being expensed in the first quarter of 2025 were forfeited during the second quarter of 2025 and the first quarter of 2026. In addition, the new director appointed in the current period received stock options with a significantly lower grant-date fair value than the prior RSU awards. |
Other Income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the decrease in other income compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, was primarily due to mark-to-market losses on securities held outside of the broker-dealer and losses related to dilution from additional equity issuances by eXoZymes. The subordinated loans for the broker-dealer are eliminated for consolidation purposes.
Income Taxes. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, there was no income tax expense.
Equity Method Investment. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the decrease in other income was due to the Company’s recognition of its proportionate share of eXoZymes’ net loss under the equity method of accounting and an impairment loss realized due the stock price dropping below the equity value.
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Broker Dealer and Intellectual Property Service Segment (Public Ventures and PatentVest) Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | ||||||||||
| Operating loss: | ||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment securities, net (from our licensed broker dealer) | $ | (1,835 | ) | $ | (2,193 | ) | $ | 358 | ||||
Related party unrealized loss on investment securities, net (from our licensed broker dealer) | (29 | ) | - | (29 | ) | |||||||
| Realized gain on investment securities from the licensed broker dealer (1) | 30 | - | 30 | |||||||||
Related party fee income (from our licensed broker dealer) | 592 | - | 592 | |||||||||
| Fee income (from our licensed broker dealer) (2) | 411 | - | 411 | |||||||||
| Other operating income | 279 | 293 | (14 | ) | ||||||||
| Total operating loss, net | (552 | ) | (1,900 | ) | 1,348 | |||||||
| Operating costs: | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative costs: | ||||||||||||
| Compensation | 618 | 737 | (119 | ) | ||||||||
| Operating expense, related party | 389 | 400 | (11 | ) | ||||||||
| Professional fees | 295 | 242 | 53 | |||||||||
| Information technology | 284 | 239 | 45 | |||||||||
| Clearing and other charges | 338 | 35 | 303 | |||||||||
| General and administrative-other | 206 | 150 | 56 | |||||||||
| Total General and administrative costs | 2,130 | 1,803 | 327 | |||||||||
| Research and development costs | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Total operating costs | 2,130 | 1,803 | 327 | |||||||||
| Net operating loss | (2,682 | ) | (3,703 | ) | 1,021 | |||||||
| Other income: | ||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous income | - | 75 | (75 | ) | ||||||||
| Interest expense | (247 | ) | (248 | ) | 1 | |||||||
| Interest income | 80 | 129 | (49 | ) | ||||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment securities, at fair value, held by the non-licensed broker dealer (1) | (61 | ) | - | (61 | ) | |||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (2,910 | ) | (3,747 | ) | 837 | |||||||
| Income taxes | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (2,910 | ) | $ | (3,747 | ) | $ | 837 | ||||
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Broker Dealer and Intellectual Property Service Segment (Public Ventures and PatentVest) Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | ||||||||||
| Operating loss: | ||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment securities, net (from our licensed broker dealer) | $ | (4,882 | ) | $ | (3,656 | ) | $ | (1,226 | ) | |||
Related party unrealized loss on investment securities, net (from our licensed broker dealer) | (29 | ) | - | (29 | ) | |||||||
| Realized gain on investment securities, net from the licensed broker dealer (1) | 30 | - | 30 | |||||||||
| Fee income (from our licensed broker dealer) (2) | 3,273 | 2,140 | 1,133 | |||||||||
Related party fee income (from our licensed broker dealer) | 592 | - | 592 | |||||||||
| Other operating income | 508 | 443 | 65 | |||||||||
| Total operating loss, net | (508 | ) | (1,073 | ) | 565 | |||||||
| Operating costs: | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative costs: | ||||||||||||
| Compensation | 1,257 | 1,516 | (259 | ) | ||||||||
| Operating expense, related party | 743 | 760 | (17 | ) | ||||||||
| Professional fees | 573 | 514 | 59 | |||||||||
| Information technology | 533 | 468 | 65 | |||||||||
| Clearing and other charges | 766 | 324 | 442 | |||||||||
| General and administrative-other | 397 | 356 | 41 | |||||||||
| Total General and administrative costs | 4,269 | 3,938 | 331 | |||||||||
| Research and development costs | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Total operating costs | 4,269 | 3,938 | 331 | |||||||||
| Net operating loss | (4,777 | ) | (5,011 | ) | 234 | |||||||
| Other income: | ||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous income | 75 | (75 | ) | |||||||||
| Interest expense | (494 | ) | (495 | ) | 1 | |||||||
| Interest income | 144 | 244 | (100 | ) | ||||||||
| Unrealized loss on investment securities, at fair value, held by the non-licensed broker dealer (1) | (177 | ) | - | (177 | ) | |||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (5,304 | ) | (5,187 | ) | (117 | ) | ||||||
| Income taxes | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (5,304 | ) | $ | (5,187 | ) | $ | (117 | ) | |||
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Operating Loss. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, operating income was generated from the Company’s fees from investment banking transactions in the broker-dealer and patent related intellectual property services. The increase compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, is attributable to investment banking activity, as the Company executed larger transactions in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, operating income was generated from the Company’s fees from investment banking transactions in the broker-dealer and patent related intellectual property services, as well as one investment banking transaction for a related party entity. The decrease in unrealized loss on investment securities, net (from our licensed broker dealer), as well as related party securities held by our licensed broker dealer and investment securities, net (not from our licensed broker dealer) was due to mark to market activity in the held securities.
General and Administrative Costs. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, respectively, several factors contributed to changes in various expense categories:
| ● | Compensation Expense: The decrease in compensation expense was the result of personnel departures during 2025. | |
| ● | Related Party Operating Expenses: This expense remained constant for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. | |
| ● | Professional Fees: This expense increased due to the implementation of the new broker dealer platform implemented during 2026 compared to 2025. | |
| ● | Information Technology Costs: This expense increased due to the implementation of the new broker dealer platform implemented during 2026 compared to 2025. | |
| ● | Clearing and Other Charges: The increase is in line with investment banking activity, as these costs generally correlate with investment banking transactions, which compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, had smaller fee generating transactions. | |
| ● | Other General and Administrative Costs: This expense increased due to higher conference and travel costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. |
Other Income. The decrease in other income for the three and six months period ending June 30, 2026, can be attributed to interest income, stemming from a decrease in the cash balance from the three-month period ending June 30, 2025.
Technology Segment (MDB Minnesota One). Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | ||||||||||
| Total operating income | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||
| Operating costs: | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative costs: | ||||||||||||
| Compensation | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Professional fees | 6 | 6 | - | |||||||||
| Information technology | - | - | - | |||||||||
| General and administrative-other | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Total operating costs | 6 | 6 | - | |||||||||
| Net operating loss | (6 | ) | (6 | ) | - | |||||||
| Other income: | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (6 | ) | (6 | ) | - | |||||||
| Income taxes | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Net loss | (6 | ) | (6 | ) | - | |||||||
| Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | - | |||||||
| Net loss attributable to controlling interests | $ | (4 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | $ | - | ||||
Technology Segment (MDB Minnesota One). Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | ||||||||||
| Total operating income | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||
| Operating costs: | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative costs: | ||||||||||||
| Compensation | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Professional fees | 9 | 51 | (42 | ) | ||||||||
| Information technology | - | - | - | |||||||||
| General and administrative-other | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Total operating costs | 9 | 51 | (42 | ) | ||||||||
| Net operating loss | (9 | ) | (51 | ) | 42 | |||||||
| Other income: | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (9 | ) | (51 | ) | 42 | |||||||
| Income taxes | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Net loss | (9 | ) | (51 | ) | 42 | |||||||
| Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests | (3 | ) | (17 | ) | 14 | |||||||
| Net loss attributable to controlling interests | $ | (6 | ) | $ | (34 | ) | $ | 28 | ||||
| 34 |
Operating Income. There was no activity during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.
General and Administrative Costs. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, there was little activity in this segment and the decrease in professional fees was attributable to less activity and legal fees with M1.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands):
June 30, 2026 (unaudited) | December 31, 2025 | $ Change | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 9,581 | $ | 13,217 | $ | (3,636 | ) | |||||
| Cash segregated in compliance with regulations | 340 | 2,331 | (1,991 | ) | ||||||||
| Accounts receivables | 205 | 124 | 81 | |||||||||
| Receivables to related party | 41 | 13 | 28 | |||||||||
| Clearing deposits | 2,000 | 2,000 | - | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 1,048 | 433 | 615 | |||||||||
| Investment securities, at fair value, held by the licensed broker dealer | 3,326 | 7,166 | (3,840 | ) | ||||||||
Related party investment securities, at fair value, held by the licensed broker dealer | 223 | - | 223 | |||||||||
| Investment securities, at fair value, held by the non-licensed broker dealer | 158 | 235 | (77 | ) | ||||||||
| Equity method investment | 33,129 | 37,543 | (4,414 | ) | ||||||||
| Deferred costs related to deferred revenue | 27 | 14 | 13 | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 192 | 117 | 75 | |||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | 496 | 547 | (51 | ) | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 50,766 | $ | 63,740 | $ | (12,974 | ) | |||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | ||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 411 | $ | 267 | $ | 144 | ||||||
| Accrued expenses | 50 | 95 | (45 | ) | ||||||||
| Payables to related party | - | 1 | (1 | ) | ||||||||
| Payables to customers | 242 | 2,189 | (1,947 | ) | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | 553 | 609 | (56 | ) | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | 1,256 | 3,161 | (1,905 | ) | ||||||||
| Equity: | ||||||||||||
| Paid-in-capital | 85,479 | 80,493 | 4,986 | |||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (35,855 | ) | (19,803 | ) | (16,052 | ) | ||||||
| Total MDB Capital Holdings, LLC Members’ equity | 49,624 | 60,690 | (11,066 | ) | ||||||||
| Non-controlling interest | (114 | ) | (111 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||||
| Total equity | 49,510 | 60,579 | (11,069 | ) | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 50,766 | $ | 63,740 | $ | (12,974 | ) | |||||
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Financial Condition: Overall, the reduction in assets was primarily attributed to their utilization for operational activities during the period. The decrease in cash segregated in compliance with regulations stemmed from customer deposits held at December 31, 2025, for an investment banking deal that closed in early January 2026. The decrease in investment securities at fair value was due to a decrease in the value of common stock and warrants over the period offset by the receipt of warrants for investment banking activities. The increase in prepaid expenses and other assets stemmed from cash due to the company as part of an investment banking deal. The increase in accounts receivable is due to an increase in activity from legal and strategy fees earned. The increase in related party receivable is due to increased activity by PatentVest for eXoZymes. The decrease in equity method investment is directly tied to the Company’s portion of the net loss, the dilution due to the issuance of shares, and the impairment of the investment due to the declining stock price. Finally, the reduction in property and equipment and right-of-use assets was due to its regular utilization.
The increase in accounts payable and decrease in accrued expenses stemmed from normal course of business activity. The decrease in payables to customers stemmed from customer deposits. Finally, the reduction in lease liability was due to its routine utilization.
Stockholders’ equity decreased from December 31, 2025, to June 30, 2026, primarily due to the net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2026, partially offset by the recognition of stock-based compensation expense during the period.
The increase in non-controlling interest resulted from the net loss experienced by M1.
Liquidity and Capital Resources – June 30, 2026 and 2025
The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows as discussed herein are presented below (in thousands):
| Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (5,540 | ) | $ | (3,406 | ) | ||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (87 | ) | - | |||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | - | - | ||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (5,627 | ) | $ | (3,406 | ) | ||
At June 30, 2026, the Company had $12.2 million of working capital. This is a decrease of $5.4 million, from the working capital of $17.7 that the Company had at June 30, 2025. The decrease in working capital is primarily attributed to the use of cash to fund operations.
Operating Activities. For the six months ended June 30, 2026, in addition to cash used in normal operating activities, there was an approximately $2.0 million decrease in cash resulting from the release of customer deposits that had been held in segregated accounts in compliance with regulatory requirements at December 31, 2025. These deposits related to an investment banking transaction that closed in early January 2026.
For the six months ending on June 30, 2025, operating activities use of cash represented a combination of increased activity in the broker dealer, increased professional and consulting fees related to year end audits and issuance of the tax preparation fees related to the publicly traded partnership.
Investing Activities. There was an investment into the deferred IT costs for development of the self-clearing system, for the six months ended June 30, 2026. There was no activity for the six months ended June 30, 2025.
Financing Activities. There was no activity for the three or six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.
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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the discussion on recently accounting pronouncements.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles general accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We have identified certain accounting policies as being critical because they require us to make difficult, subjective, or complex judgments about matters that are uncertain. We believe that the judgment, estimates, and assumptions used in the preparation of our audited consolidated financial statements are appropriate given the factual circumstances at the time. However, actual results could differ, and the use of other assumptions or estimates could result in material differences in our results of operations or financial condition. Our critical accounting estimates are:
Revenue recognition – Investment Banking and Warrants Valuation
The Company receives income from underwriting fees. As an underwriter, the Company assists clients to raise capital via the placement of various types of investment securities of private and publicly traded company issuers. Underwriting fees are primarily based on the issuance price and quantity of the underlying instruments and are recognized as revenue typically upon execution of the client’s transaction. The Company generally does not incur costs to obtain contracts with customers that are eligible for deferral or receive fees prior to recognizing revenue related to investment banking transactions. If the Company did have any contract assets or liabilities related to these revenues it would be recorded on the consolidated balance sheets.
Revenue recognition may involve the bundling of investment banking services with other financial instruments. In such cases, we estimate the fair value of the services provided and allocate the revenue accordingly. This estimation process involves significant judgment and sensitivity to market conditions. Additionally, our investment banking activities may include the compensation for our services in warrants granted to us. The valuation of these warrants requires significant estimates, including the use of option pricing models like the Black-Scholes model. The key assumptions in this valuation process include the stock price on the date of valuation, the exercise price of the warrant, the term to expiry, risk-free interest rate, and the expected volatility of the underlying stock.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation methodologies used to measure fair value:
Level 1 — Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 — Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 — Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants. These valuations require significant judgment.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are categorized based on whether the inputs are observable in the market and the degree that the inputs are observable. The categorization of financial assets and liabilities within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
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The fair value of U.S. Treasury Bills and public equity securities are based on quoted market prices and are classified as level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of public equity securities that are not actively traded is based on quoted market prices of similar instruments and other significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data and are classified as level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of warrants is based on a Black-Scholes model, which considers the stock price at the date of the valuation, the warrant strike price, the term to expiry, the risk-free rate of return, and the expected volatility of the underlying stock. The level in the fair value hierarchy for warrants depends primarily on whether the stock price is determinable from active trades, and whether the expected volatility of the underlying stock is observable and are either classified as level 2 or level 3. The fair value of non-public equity securities and simple agreements for future equity is based on the initial investment, less impairment, and they are classified as level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. For the significant unobservable inputs and assumptions used in level 3 fair value measurements, see Fair Value of Financial Instruments section of Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
Stock Based Compensation
The Company and its subsidiaries may periodically issue common shares, stock options and restricted stock units to officers, directors, employees, and consultants for services rendered. Options vest and expire according to terms established at the issuance date of each grant. Stock grants, which are generally time vested, are measured at the grant date fair value and charged to operations ratably over the vesting period.
The Company accounts for stock-based payments to officers, directors, employees, and consultants by measuring the cost of services received in exchange for equity awards utilizing the grant date fair value of the awards, with the cost recognized as compensation expense on the straight-line basis in the Company’s financial statements over the vesting period of the awards.
The fair value of share options granted as stock-based compensation is determined utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, and is affected by several variables, the most significant of which are the expected life of the stock option, the exercise price of the share option as compared to the fair market value of the common shares on the grant date, and the estimated volatility of the common shares. Unless sufficient historical exercise data is available, the expected life of the stock option is calculated as the mid-point between the vesting period and the contractual term (the “simplified method”). The estimated volatility is based on the implied volatility by using comparable companies of the Company’s common shares, calculated utilizing a lookback period approximately equal to the contractual life of the stock option being granted. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The fair market value of the common shares is determined by reference to the quoted market price of the Company’s common shares on the grant date. The expected dividend yield is based on the Company’s expectation of dividend payouts and is assumed to be zero. The fair value of performance based restricted stock units was determined by using an independent valuation expert.
Summary of Business Activities and Plans
On September 20, 2023, the Company completed an initial public offering (IPO), which consisted of the sale of 1,666,666 shares of Class A common shares at $12.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $19,999,992 that were used for the development of eXoZymes, identifying and developing new partner companies, and general corporate and working capital requirements.
On June 15, 2022, the Company completed the closing of a private placement, consisting of total gross proceeds of $25,289,660 from the sale of 2,528,966 shares of Class A common shares, which was used for the development of eXoZymes, identifying and developing new partner companies, and general corporate and working capital requirements.
External Risks Associated with the Company’s Business Activities
Inflation Risk. The Company does not believe that inflation has had a material effect on its operations to date, other than its impact on the general economy.
| 38 |
Supply Chain Issues. The Company does not currently expect that supply chain issues will have a significant impact on its business activities.
Potential Recession. There are various indications that the United States economy may be entering a recessionary period. The effect of the conflict in the Persian Gulf and world shortages in oil and fertilizer, tariffs imposed by United States and other countries and changing global trade policies should not have a direct effect on the Company but are likely to influence the overall economy. Although it is unclear at this time that an economic recession would likely impact the general business environment and the capital markets, if there is a general global recession that includes the economy of the United States, such an event could affect the Company.
The Company is continuing to monitor these matters and will adjust its current business and financing plans as more information and guidance become available.
Principal Commitments
Net Capital Requirement (Public Ventures)
Public Ventures, LLC, d/b/a MDB Capital, is subject to the uniform net capital rule (SEC Rule 15c3-1) of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), which requires both the maintenance of minimum net capital and the maintenance of maximum ratio of aggregate indebtedness to net capital. At June 30, 2026 and 2025, Public Ventures had net capital of $8.96 million and $8.61 million, respectively, which was $8.71 million and $8.36 million in excess of the minimum $0.25 million, as required by the Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 15c3-1.
In 2024 the Company entered into a subordinated loan agreement with its broker-dealer subsidiary for $7.3 million. This amount, together with existing subordinated loans totaling $5.9 million and $2.3 million of accrued interest payable, is subordinated to other liabilities of the Company, and is considered members’ equity for calculating net capital, and is not included in aggregate indebtedness
At June 30, 2026, the broker-dealer subsidiary’s ratio of aggregate indebtedness of $3.9 million to net capital was 0.43 to 1, as compared to the maximum of a 15 to 1 allowable ratio of a broker dealer. Minimum net capital is based upon the greater of the statutory minimum net capital of $250,000 or 2% of customer debts, which was calculated as $13 thousand at June 30, 2026
To comply with DTC membership requirements, the broker-dealer subsidiary has committed to maintain at least $5 million of net capital in excess of the $0.25 million minimum.
The requirement to comply with the Uniform Net Capital Rule 15c3-1 may limit Public Ventures’ ability to issue dividends to its parent company.
Indemnification Provisions
Public Ventures has agreed to indemnify its clearing broker for losses that the clearing broker may sustain from the accounts of customers. Should a customer not fulfill its obligation on a transaction, Public Ventures may be required to buy or sell securities at prevailing market prices in the future on behalf of its customer. The indemnification obligations of Public Ventures to its clearing brokers have no maximum amount. All unsettled trades at June 30, 2026 and 2025, have subsequently settled with no resulting material liability to Public Ventures. For the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, Public Ventures had no material loss due to counterparty failure and had no obligations outstanding under the indemnification arrangement as of June 30, 2026 and 2025.
MDB Minnesota One
On July 1, 2024, MDB Minnesota One (“M1”) entered into a Patent and Know-How License Agreement (the “License Agreement”) with the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (“Mayo”) for certain patent rights and associated technology pursuant to which M1 intends to develop a small molecule senescence platform. The License Agreement grants M1 rights to develop and commercialize Mayo’s patented technology and know-how for all fields of use on a worldwide basis. Under the terms of the License Agreement, M1 holds an exclusive license of patent rights and a nonexclusive license for the associated technology to make, have made, use, offer for sale, sell, and import licensed products and derivatives.
As part of initial consideration for the License Agreement, M1 issued 1.98 million shares of common stock equity to Mayo; which at that time represented thirty-three percent of its shares. M1 also paid an initial license fee of $0.15 million as part of the initial consideration. M1 will pay earned royalties on future net sales (including modest minimum annual royalties, which commence in the second year of the term of the License Agreement and gradually increase and plateau over time, and which will be credited against earned royalties due on net sales), and a percentage of any sublicensing income. The earned royalty commences after the first commercial sale of a licensed product. At June 30, 2026, there were no accrued royalties recorded.
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Under the License Agreement, M1 is required to achieve certain development milestones within designated time periods. For select development milestones, as listed below, M1 will be required to make a payment to Mayo, also as noted below:
● A payment of $0.25 million for Phase II clinical trial initiation, for the first instance of a licensed product.
● A payment of $1.5 million for Phase III clinical trial initiation, for the first instance of a licensed product.
● A payment of $2 million for FDA New Drug Application (NDA) acceptance, for the first instance of a licensed product.
● A payment of $5 million for NDA approval, for each instance of a licensed product.
As of December 31, 2025, the development milestones noted above are not required to have been met and have not been met. There are other developmental milestones in the License Agreement relating to funding the business and to initiating various clinical trial phases over time.
M1 is currently in the pre-clinical development stage of the M1 Platform and is undertaking important feasibility studies, iterative testing, and collection of drug safety and toxicity data.
Trends, Events and Uncertainties
Other than as discussed above, we are not currently aware of any trends, events or uncertainties that are likely to have a material effect on our financial condition in the near term, although it is possible that new trends or events may develop in the future that could have a material effect on our financial condition.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide this information.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), evaluated, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our CEO and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15I and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act)), are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2026, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believes that disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and are effective at the reasonable assurance level. However, management does not expect that the disclosure controls and procedures or the internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the company have been detected. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings, and we are not aware of any pending or threatened litigation that would have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows, or financial condition should such litigation be resolved unfavorably. We believe that from time to time we will have commercial disputes arising in the ordinary course of our business.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the information set forth in this Form 10-Q, you should also carefully review and consider the risk factors contained in our other registration statements, reports and periodic filings with the SEC that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The risk factors we have identified and discussed, however, do not identify all risks that we face because our business operations could also be affected by additional factors that are not known to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial to our operations.
Changes to United States tariff and import/export regulations and the conflict in the Persian Gulf may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The United States has enacted and continues to enact significant new tariffs, and President Trump has directed various federal agencies to further evaluate key aspects of U.S. trade policy. There has been and are ongoing discussions and commentaries regarding potential significant changes to U.S. trade policies, treaties and tariffs. There exists significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the U.S. and other countries with respect to such trade policies, treaties and tariffs. The U.S. and Israel have undertaken military action in the Persian Gulf, a result of which has been a reduction in oil, fertilizer and other resources exports from the region. These actions may have a material adverse effect on global and domestic economic conditions, whether or not there will be a recession, and the stability of global and domestic financial markets, and may significantly reduce global trade and, in particular, trade between the impacted nations and the U.S. As a primary part of our business is focused on financial services, that segment of our business and the value of our financial assets may be adversely impacted. These actions and policies may also adversely affect the ability of our subsidiaries to carry on their respective businesses. Although it is not yet possible to assess their impact, any of these factors could depress economic activity and restrict access to suppliers or customers and have a material adverse effect on our overall business, financial condition and results of operations.
Government Action on tariffs and research grants and other funding may impede our ability to conduct our research and to raise capital by and for our partner companies and other clients.
Federal government actions to impose tariffs, to change trade policies, to change immigration policies, to reduce the size of the Federal government, and to limit research grants and other forms of federal government funding, including direct government grants and the funding of universities and research enterprises, are causing disruption in the economy and to some extent may adversely impact our consolidated business activities based on their direct and indirect effect on our partner companies and our other clients. Many of these government actions have been only recently implemented, others are being threatened and many will be ongoing. Therefore the full impact has yet to be realized by the Company and its partner companies and clients. Nonetheless, (i) tariffs are likely to increase the cost of doing business in the general economy and to make it more difficult to obtain items where imported equipment is required by our own activities and the activities of our partner companies and clients, (ii) ending or reducing research funding is likely to make it more difficult to find collaborative research partners to work with us and our partner companies as government funding is an indirect support for research and product development activities, and (iii) the curtailment of direct funding will have an immediate adverse impact on our partner companies and clients and their ability to continue their development work. We also believe that as these policies are implemented, it will make raising capital from private investors far more difficult, as they will want to know if the Company will be able to use the proceeds effectively and will be of sufficient amount.
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Impact of Ukrainian, Israeli, and Iran Conflicts
Currently, we believe that the ongoing conflicts involving Ukraine, Israel, and Iran do not have any direct impact on our operations, financial condition, or financial reporting. We believe these conflicts will have only a general impact on our operations in the same manner as they are having on all businesses with operations in North America. This general impact may result from international sanctions and embargo regulations, possible shortages of goods and components that may be supplied from Ukraine, Russia, the Persian Gulf countries or Israel, disruptions to global energy supplies and oil prices due to tensions in the Strait of Hormuz and the broader Middle East region, supply chain challenges, and the international and U.S. domestic inflationary effects of the conflicts and related government spending. We do not believe we will be specifically targeted for cyberattacks in connection with these conflicts. However, as a financial institution, we are aware that we may be a general target for cyber-attacks, including potentially from state-sponsored actors. We have no operations in the countries directly involved in these conflicts and are not specifically impacted by any of the related sanctions or embargoes, as we principally operate in the United States. Other than general securities market trends, we do not have reason to believe that investors will evaluate the company as having special risks or exposures related to these conflicts.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Not applicable.
Item 6. Exhibits
The documents listed in the Exhibit Index of this Form 10-Q are incorporated by reference or are filed with this Form 10-Q, in each case as indicated therein (numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K).
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| MDB CAPITAL HOLDINGS, LLC | ||
| (the “Registrant”) | ||
| Dated: August 13, 2026 | By: | /s/ Christopher A. Marlett |
| Christopher A. Marlett | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
| Dated: August 13, 2026 | By: | /s/ Jeremy W. James |
| Jeremy W. James | ||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | ||
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EXHIBIT INDEX
| Exhibit | ||
| Number | Description of Exhibit | |
| 31.1 * | Certification of Principal Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
| 31.2 * | Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
| 32.1** | Certification of Principal Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
| 32.2** | Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
| 101.INS* | Inline XBRL Instance Document | |
| 101.SCH* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Schema | |
| 101.CAL* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase | |
| 101.DEF* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase | |
| 101.LAB* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase | |
| 101.PRE* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase | |
| 104* | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). |
| * | Filed herewith. |
| ** | Furnished herewith. |
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