[10-Q] PHINIA INC. Quarterly Earnings Report

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

PHINIA Inc. (PHIN) reported higher sales but lower profit in Q3 2025. Net sales rose to $908 million (up 8% year over year), while operating income fell to $34 million as separation-related costs lifted other operating expense to $57 million, including a $39 million loss tied to a settlement with its former parent. Net earnings were $13 million and diluted EPS was $0.33 versus $0.70 a year ago.

For the first nine months, sales were $2.594 billion, net earnings $85 million, and diluted EPS $2.10. Operating cash flow was strong at $216 million, funding $95 million of capex, dividends of $32 million, and $172 million of share repurchases; cash ended at $349 million. Long-term debt was $966 million with $499 million available on the revolver.

PHINIA acquired Swedish Electromagnet Invest AB (SEM) for $47 million, expected to add about $50 million annual revenue and $10 million adjusted EBITDA. A subsequent settlement schedules payments of $31 million in Q4 2025, $21 million in Q1 2026, and $26 million during 2026, partly offset by $7 million to be received and potential $29 million of R&D credits.

Insights

Equity analyst

Sales up; one-time separation costs compress earnings.

PHINIA grew Q3 revenue to $908M, but operating income dropped to $34M as separation-related items lifted other operating expense to $57M. Diluted EPS was $0.33 versus $0.70 in 2024, demonstrating the impact of non-operational charges rather than core demand weakness.

Cash generation remained solid with year-to-date operating cash flow of $216M, supporting $95M in capex, dividends of $32M, and $172M in buybacks. Leverage looks manageable with long-term debt at $966M and $499M of revolver availability.

The subsequent settlement outlines payments of $31M in Q4 2025, $21M in Q1 2026, and $26M across 2026, with an expected $7M reimbursement and potential R&D credits up to $29M. Actual impact depends on timing of refunds and credits disclosed.

Industrial sector strategist

SEM acquisition adds alternative-fuel exposure and EBITDA.

The SEM deal closed on Aug 1, 2025 for $47M and is expected to contribute about $50M annual revenue and $10M adjusted EBITDA, bolstering the Fuel Systems segment’s portfolio in hydrogen and natural gas ignition systems. Preliminary purchase accounting shows identifiable intangibles of $27M and goodwill of $4M.

Segment AOI in Q3 was $73M for Fuel Systems and $54M for Aftermarket, indicating stable operational performance. Future benefits hinge on integration and demand trends in CV/LV markets noted in the company’s outlook.

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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025

OR

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-41708

PHINIA INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware						92-2483604
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3000 University Drive, Auburn Hills, Michigan						48326
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)						(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code (248) 732-1900

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

PHIN

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer			☑			Accelerated filer			☐
Non-accelerated filer			☐			Smaller reporting company			☐
						Emerging growth company			☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

As of October 24, 2025, the registrant had 38,442,674 shares of voting common stock outstanding.

PHINIA INC.

FORM 10-Q

THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

INDEX

			Page No.
PART I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (Unaudited)			1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)			2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)			3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)			4
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)			5
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			31
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			43
Item 4. Controls and Procedures			44
PART II. Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings			45
Item 1A. Risk Factors			45
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities			45
Item 5. Other Information			46
Item 6. Exhibits			47
SIGNATURES			48

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

PHINIA INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(in millions)			September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents			$	349					$	484
Receivables, net			898						817
Inventories			523						444
Prepayments and other current assets			148						96
Total current assets			1,918						1,841
Property, plant and equipment, net			864						843
Investments and long-term receivables			154						111
Goodwill			509						471
Other intangible assets, net			406						374
Other non-current assets			136						128
Total assets			$	3,987					$	3,768
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt			$	26					$	25
Accounts payable			627						522
Other current liabilities			465						422
Total current liabilities			1,118						969
Long-term debt			966						963
Retirement-related liabilities			125						112
Other non-current liabilities			192						150
Total liabilities			2,401						2,194
Commitments and contingencies (Note 19)
Common stock			1						1
Additional paid-in capital			1,975						1,976
Retained earnings			97						44
Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(90)						(217)
Treasury stock			(397)						(230)
Total equity			1,586						1,574
Total liabilities and equity			$	3,987					$	3,768

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PHINIA INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

			Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share amounts)			2025						2024						2025						2024
Net sales			$	908					$	839					$	2,594					$	2,570
Cost of sales			708						652						2,025						2,003
Gross profit			200						187						569						567
Selling, general and administrative expenses			105						108						324						324
Restructuring expense			4						6						11						11
Other operating expense, net			57						7						49						24
Operating income			34						66						185						208
Equity in affiliates’ earnings, net of tax			(3)						(3)						(11)						(8)
Interest income			(3)						(4)						(11)						(12)
Interest expense			20						20						60						81
Other postretirement expense, net			1						—						3						1
Earnings before income taxes			19						53						144						146
Provision for income taxes			6						22						59						72
Net earnings			$	13					$	31					$	85					$	74
Earnings per share — basic			$	0.34					$	0.72					$	2.15					$	1.66
Earnings per share— diluted			$	0.33					$	0.70					$	2.10					$	1.63
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic			38.7						43.1						39.6						44.7
Diluted			39.6						44.1						40.4						45.4

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PHINIA INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

(UNAUDITED)

			Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)			2025						2024						2025						2024
Net earnings			$	13					$	31					$	85					$	74
Other comprehensive income
Foreign currency translation adjustments(1)			(15)						59						128						20
Defined benefit pension plans(1)			1						(2)						(2)						(4)
Hedge instruments(1)			—						—						1						—
Total other comprehensive (loss) income			(14)						57						127						16
Comprehensive (loss) income			$	(1)					$	88					$	212					$	90

_____________

(1) Net of income taxes.

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PHINIA INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

			Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)			2025						2024
OPERATING
Net cash provided by operating activities (see Note 22)			$	216					$	235
INVESTING
Capital expenditures, including tooling outlays			(95)						(85)
Payments for business acquired, net of cash acquired			(9)						—
Payments for investment in equity securities			—						(1)
Proceeds from asset disposals and other, net			1						2
Net cash used in investing activities			(103)						(84)
FINANCING
Net decrease in notes payable			—						(75)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of discount			—						975
Payments for debt issuance costs			—						(15)
Repayments of debt, including current portion			—						(722)
Repayment of acquired debt			(32)						—
Dividends paid to PHINIA stockholders			(32)						(33)
Payments for purchase of treasury stock, including excise tax			(172)						(188)
Payments for stock-based compensation items			(9)						(3)
Net cash used in financing activities			(245)						(61)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash			(3)						22
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents			(135)						112
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year			484						365
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period			$	349					$	477

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

INTRODUCTION

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes present the condensed consolidated statements of operations, balance sheets, and cash flows of PHINIA Inc. (PHINIA or the Company). PHINIA is a leader in the development, design and manufacture of integrated components and systems that are designed to optimize performance, increase efficiency and reduce emissions for combustion and hybrid propulsion systems for commercial vehicles and industrial applications (medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks, buses and other off-highway construction, marine, agricultural and aerospace and defense), light commercial vehicles (vans and trucks) and light passenger vehicles (passenger cars, mini-vans, cross-overs and sport-utility vehicles). The Company is a global supplier to most major original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) seeking to meet evolving and increasingly stringent global regulatory requirements and satisfy consumer demands for an enhanced user experience. Additionally, the Company offers a wide range of original equipment service (OES) solutions and remanufactured products as well as an expanded range of products for the independent (non-OEM) aftermarket.

Transition to Standalone Company

On July 3, 2023, PHINIA became an independent publicly-traded company as a result of the legal and structural separation of the Fuel Systems and Aftermarket businesses from BorgWarner Inc. (BorgWarner or Former Parent). The separation was completed in the form of a distribution of the outstanding common stock of PHINIA to holders of record of common stock of BorgWarner on a pro rata basis (the Spin-Off). In connection with the Spin-Off, we entered into an agreement with the Former Parent which governs the Company’s and the Former Parent’s respective rights, responsibilities and obligations after the distribution with respect to taxes for any tax period ending on or before the distribution date, as well as tax periods beginning before and ending after the distribution date (Tax Matters Agreement).

NOTE 1     BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for interim financial information. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements were condensed or omitted as permitted by such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of results have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025. The balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date. Certain amounts for the prior periods presented were reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and accompanying notes, as well as amounts of revenues and expenses reported during the periods covered by those financial statements and accompanying notes. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements may not be indicative of the Company’s future performance.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” This guidance requires entities to disaggregate information related to the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company will

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provide the incremental disclosures in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 and ASU 2025-01, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40).” This guidance requires entities to disclose disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items in the notes to the financial statements. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026. These ASUs will result in additional disclosures but will not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software.” This guidance requires entities to capitalize internal-use software costs when the Company has authorized and committed funding and it is probable the project will be completed. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its financial statements.

NOTE 2     ACQUISITION

On August 1, 2025, the Company acquired 100% of Swedish Electromagnet Invest AB (SEM) for $47 million, comprised of $15 million of cash paid and $32 million cash used to extinguish debt assumed through the acquisition. SEM is part of the Fuel Systems segment, and is a prominent provider of advanced natural gas, hydrogen and other alternative fuel ignition systems, injector stators and linear position sensors.

The SEM acquisition was accounted for as a business combination, with the purchase price, net of cash acquired, allocated on a preliminary basis as of August 1, 2025. The preliminary allocation of the purchase price to acquired assets and liabilities assumed, including the residual amount recognized as goodwill, is based upon estimated information and is subject to change within the measurement period. The measurement period is a period not to exceed one year from the acquisition date during which the Company may adjust estimated or provisional amounts recorded during purchase accounting if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have resulted in revised estimated values of those assets or liabilities as of that date. Measurement period adjustments are recorded in the period identified. The Company is in the process of finalizing all purchase accounting adjustments. Certain estimated values for the acquisition, including goodwill, intangible assets and deferred taxes are not yet finalized, and the preliminary purchase price allocations are subject to change as the Company completes its analysis of the fair value at the date of acquisition. The final valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed may be materially different from the estimated values shown below.

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The following table summarizes the preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition:

(in millions)			Initial Purchase Price Allocation
Total purchase consideration(1)			$	15
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents			$	6
Property, plant and equipment, net			5
Other intangible assets, net			27
Other assets			25
Total assets acquired			$	63
LIABILITIES
Long-term debt			$	33
Other liabilities			19
Total liabilities assumed			$	52
Net assets acquired			$	11
Goodwill(2)			$	4

____________

1 Total purchase consideration excludes cash paid of $32 million used to extinguish debt assumed through the acquisition.

2 Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.

The preliminary valuation of intangible assets consisted of the following assets subject to amortization (in millions, except weighted-average useful life):

Fair Value

Weighted-Average Useful Life

Valuation Methodology

Key Assumptions

Customer relationships

$

18

12 years

Multi-period excess earnings

Discount rate, customer attrition rate

Patented and unpatented technology

9

6 years

Relief-from-royalty

Royalty rate, discount rate, obsolescence factor

The purchase price, net of cash acquired, was allocated based on the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition with the excess purchase price recorded as goodwill, all of which was allocated to the Fuel Systems segment. The goodwill is primarily the result of expected synergies as well as enhancing the Company’s product portfolio and strategy, enabling the Company to explore adjacent market opportunities to increase Fuel Systems sales globally. Amortization expense of purchased intangible assets is primarily recognized on a straight-line basis.

NOTE 3     REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

The Company manufactures and sells products and solutions, primarily to OEMs of commercial vehicle, industrial applications and light vehicles, to certain Tier One vehicle systems suppliers and into the aftermarket. The Company’s payment terms are based on customary business practices and vary by customer type and products offered. The Company has evaluated the terms of its arrangements and determined that they do not contain significant financing components.

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In limited instances, certain customers have provided payments in advance of receiving related products, typically at the onset of an arrangement prior to the beginning of production. As of September 30, 2025, the balance of contract liabilities was $17 million, of which $7 million was reflected in Other current liabilities and $10 million was reflected in Other non-current liabilities. As of December 31, 2024, the balance of contract liabilities was $7 million, of which $3 million was reflected in Other current liabilities and $4 million was reflected as Other non-current liabilities. These amounts are reflected as revenue over the term of the arrangement (typically three to seven years) as the underlying products are shipped and represent the Company’s remaining performance obligations as of the end of the period.

The following table represents a disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers by reportable segment and region for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Refer to Note 21, “Reportable Segments and Related Information” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, for more information.

			Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
(in millions)			Fuel Systems						Aftermarket						Total
Americas			$	195					$	187					$	382
Europe			213						154						367
Asia			141						18						159
Total			$	549					$	359					$	908
			Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
(in millions)			Fuel Systems						Aftermarket						Total
Americas			$	172					$	195					$	367
Europe			199						141						340
Asia			113						19						132
Total			$	484					$	355					$	839
			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
(in millions)			Fuel Systems						Aftermarket						Total
Americas			$	556					$	551					$	1,107
Europe			621						430						1,051
Asia			382						54						436
Total			$	1,559					$	1,035					$	2,594
			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
(in millions)			Fuel Systems						Aftermarket						Total
Americas			$	536					$	579					$	1,115
Europe			653						403						1,056
Asia			340						59						399
Total			$	1,529					$	1,041					$	2,570

NOTE 4     RESTRUCTURING

The Company’s restructuring activities are undertaken as necessary to execute management’s strategy and streamline operations, consolidate and take advantage of available capacity and resources, and ultimately achieve net cost reductions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company has implemented actions as part of a strategic effort to align its legacy infrastructure with current business

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needs and reduce costs in response to ongoing industry headwinds. Beginning in 2025 and continuing through 2027, the Company currently anticipates incurring approximately $35 million in restructuring charges under these initiatives, with estimated annual savings of $25 million once fully implemented.

The Company’s restructuring expenses consist primarily of employee termination benefits (principally severance and/or other termination benefits) and other costs, which are primarily professional fees and costs related to infrastructure right-sizing.

The following table displays a roll forward of the restructuring liability recorded within the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the related cash flow activity:

(in millions)			Employee termination benefits						Other						Total
Balance at January 1, 2025			$	5					$	1					$	6
Restructuring expense, net			8						3						11
Cash payments			(10)						(3)						(13)
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other			1						—						1
Balance at September 30, 2025			4						1						5
Less: Non-current restructuring liability			1						—						1
Current restructuring liability at September 30, 2025			$	3					$	1					$	4

(in millions)			Employee termination benefits						Other						Total
Balance at January 1, 2024			$	9					$	1					$	10
Restructuring expense, net			6						5						11
Cash payments			(9)						(5)						(14)
Balance at September 30, 2024			6						1						7
Less: Non-current restructuring liability			1						—						1
Current restructuring liability at September 30, 2024			$	5					$	1					$	6

During each of the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded $11 million of restructuring costs for individually approved restructuring actions that primarily related to reductions in headcount in the Fuel Systems segment and aligning its legacy infrastructure with current business needs.

During the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded $4 million and $6 million, respectively, of restructuring costs for individually approved restructuring actions that primarily related to reductions in headcount in the Fuel Systems segment and aligning its legacy infrastructure with current business needs.

Estimates of restructuring expense are based on information available at the time such charges are recorded. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in estimating restructuring expenses, actual amounts paid for such activities may differ from amounts initially recorded. Accordingly, the Company may record revisions of previous estimates by adjusting previously established accruals.

The Company will recognize restructuring expense associated with any future actions at the time they are approved and become probable or are incurred. Any future actions could result in significant restructuring expense.

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NOTE 5     RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS

The Company’s net Research & Development (R&D) costs are primarily included in Selling, general and administrative expenses of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Customer reimbursements are netted against gross R&D costs as they are considered a recovery of cost. Customer reimbursements for prototypes are recorded net of prototype costs based on customer contracts, typically either when the prototype is shipped or when it is accepted by the customer. Customer reimbursements for engineering services are recorded when performance obligations are satisfied in accordance with the contract. Financial risks and rewards transfer upon shipment, acceptance of a prototype component by the customer or upon completion of the performance obligation as stated in the respective customer agreement. The Company has various customer arrangements relating to R&D activities that it performs at its various R&D locations.

The following table presents the Company’s gross and net costs on R&D activities:

			Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)			2025						2024						2025						2024
Gross R&D costs			$	44					$	50					$	136					$	154
Customer reimbursements			(24)						(24)						(58)						(71)
Net R&D costs			$	20					$	26					$	78					$	83

Net R&D costs as a percentage of net sales were 2.2% and 3.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. Net R&D costs as a percentage of net sales were 3.1% and 3.2% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

NOTE 6     OTHER OPERATING EXPENSE, NET

Items included in Other operating expense, net consist of:

			Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)			2025						2024						2025						2024
Separation-related costs			$	53					$	4					$	43					$	24
Merger and acquisition expense			4						—						9						—
(Gains) losses for other one-time events			(2)						4						(2)						4
Other operating expense (income), net			2						(1)						(1)						(4)
Other operating expense, net			$	57					$	7					$	49					$	24

Separation-related costs: The Company classifies certain expenses and benefits related to the Spin-Off as separation-related costs. These costs and adjustments include professional fees and other costs associated with the separation of the Company, including the adjustment of certain historical liabilities allocated to the Company in connection with the Spin-Off, and indemnities related to the Tax Matters Agreement between the Company and the Former Parent. In the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized a $39 million loss in connection with the settlement of separation-related claims with the Former Parent. Refer to Note 23, “Subsequent Event,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for further discussion.

Merger and acquisition expense: The Company classifies certain expenses and benefits related to certain contemplated and completed acquisition initiatives as merger and acquisition expense. Acquisition costs primarily relate to professional fees for acquisition initiatives, including the SEM acquisition.

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NOTE 7 INCOME TAXES

The Company’s provision for income taxes is based upon an estimated annual effective tax rate for the year applied to domestic and foreign income. On a quarterly basis, the annual effective tax rate is adjusted, as appropriate, based upon changed facts and circumstances, if any, as compared to those forecasted at the beginning of the fiscal year and each interim period thereafter.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 32% and 42%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased as compared to the prior year due to favorable provision-to-return adjustments for tax returns filed during the period, partially offset by a $39 million loss recorded in connection with the settlement of separation-related claims with the Company’s Former Parent with no corresponding tax benefit. Refer to Note 23, “Subsequent Event,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for further discussion.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 41% and 49%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased as compared to the prior year as a result of a change in the jurisdictional mix of pre-tax earnings, most notably a decrease in pre-tax losses where no benefit is recognized, partially offset by the $39 million loss recorded in connection with the settlement of separation-related claims with the Company’s Former Parent with no corresponding tax benefit.

The annual effective tax rates differ from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to foreign tax rates that vary from those in the U.S., jurisdictions with pretax losses for which no tax benefit could be realized, U.S. taxes on foreign earnings, and permanent differences between book and tax treatment for certain items including enhanced deduction of R&D expenses in certain jurisdictions.

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has a framework to implement a global minimum corporate tax of 15% for companies with global revenues and profits above certain thresholds (referred to as Pillar 2), with certain aspects of Pillar 2 effective January 1, 2024 and other aspects effective January 1, 2025. While it is uncertain whether the U.S. will enact legislation to adopt Pillar 2, certain countries in which the Company operates have adopted legislation, and other countries are in the process of introducing legislation to implement Pillar 2. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 the Company has provisionally calculated additional top-up tax under the Pillar 2 Framework in certain jurisdictions where the effective tax rate fell below the minimum threshold of 15%. This amount is not significant to the total 2025 income tax provision for the Company.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) was enacted in the U.S. The OBBBA includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework, and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. The Company has determined that there are no material impacts to the Company’s results for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 as a result of the new tax legislation.

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NOTE 8     RECEIVABLES, NET

The table below provides details of Receivables, net as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

(in millions)			September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Receivables, net:
Customers			$	673					$	574
Indirect taxes			111						119
Due from Former Parent			56						80
Other			65						53
Gross receivables			905						826
Allowance for credit losses			(7)						(9)
Total receivables, net			$	898					$	817

NOTE 9     INVENTORIES

A summary of Inventories is presented below:

(in millions)			September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Raw material and supplies			$	264					$	234
Work-in-progress			46						40
Finished goods			213						170
Inventories			$	523					$	444

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NOTE 10     OTHER CURRENT AND NON-CURRENT ASSETS

(in millions)			September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Prepayments and other current assets:
Prepaid taxes			$	63					$	32
Prepaid engineering			23						19
Prepaid customer tooling			20						14
Prepaid software			11						10
Customer return assets			8						8
Prepaid insurance			6						4
Derivative instruments			5						—
Other			12						9
Total prepayments and other current assets			$	148					$	96
Investments and long-term receivables:
Long-term receivables			$	62					$	52
Investment in equity affiliates			56						51
Due from Former Parent			31						3
Investment in equity securities			5						5
Total investments and long-term receivables			$	154					$	111
Other non-current assets:
Deferred income taxes			$	54					$	43
Operating leases			52						54
Customer incentive payments			10						9
Other			20						22
Total other non-current assets			$	136					$	128

NOTE 11     GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES

During the fourth quarter of each year, the Company assesses its goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles assigned to each of its reporting units for impairment by either performing a qualitative assessment or a quantitative analysis. No events or circumstances were noted in the first nine months of 2025 requiring additional assessment or testing.

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A summary of the components in the carrying amount of goodwill as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is as follows:

(in millions)			Fuel Systems						Aftermarket						Total
Gross goodwill balance, December 31, 2024			$	60					$	524					$	584
Accumulated impairment losses			—						(113)						(113)
Net goodwill balance, December 31, 2024			$	60					$	411					$	471
Goodwill during the period:
Acquisition (Note 2)			4						—						4
Translation adjustment			7						27						34
Net goodwill balance, September 30, 2025			$	71					$	438					$	509

The Company’s other intangible assets from acquisitions consist of the following:

									September 30, 2025																		December 31, 2024
(in millions)			Estimated useful lives (years)						Gross carrying amount						Accumulated amortization						Net carrying amount						Gross carrying amount						Accumulated amortization						Net carrying amount
Amortized intangible assets:
Patented and unpatented technology			6 - 15						$	164					$	63					$	101					$	144					$	51					$	93
Customer relationships			12 - 15						291						136						155						259						118						141
Total amortized intangible assets									455						199						256						403						169						234
Unamortized trade names									150						—						150						140						—						140
Total other intangible assets									$	605					$	199					$	406					$	543					$	169					$	374

NOTE 12     PRODUCT WARRANTY

The Company provides warranties on some, but not all, of its products. Provisions for estimated expenses related to product warranty are made at the time products are sold. These estimates are established using historical information about the nature, frequency and average cost of warranty claim settlements as well as product manufacturing and industry developments and recoveries from third parties. Management actively studies trends of warranty claims and takes action to improve product quality and minimize warranty claims. Costs of product recalls, which may include the cost of the product being replaced as well as the customer’s cost of the recall, including labor to remove and replace the recalled part, are accrued as part of the Company’s warranty accrual at the time the Company believes it is probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. See Note 19, “Contingencies”, for further discussion on the Company’s quarterly process for accruals relating to commercial and legal matters. Management believes that the warranty accrual is appropriate; however, in certain cases, initial customer claims exceed the amount accrued. Facts may become known related to these claims that may result in additional losses that could be material to the Company’s results of operations or cash flows. The Company’s warranty provisions are primarily included in Cost of sales in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The product warranty accrual is allocated to current and non-current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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The following table summarizes the activity in the product warranty accrual accounts:

(in millions)			2025						2024
Beginning balance, January 1			$	61					$	56
Provisions for current period sales			38						27
Acquisition			3						—
Payments			(33)						(30)
Other, primarily translation adjustment			3						1
Ending balance, September 30			$	72					$	54

The product warranty liability is classified in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:

(in millions)			September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Other current liabilities			$	35					$	36
Other non-current liabilities			37						25
Total product warranty liability			$	72					$	61

NOTE 13     NOTES PAYABLE AND DEBT

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had debt outstanding as follows:

(in millions)			September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Short-term debt
Short-term borrowings			$	2					$	—
Long-term debt
5.000% Senior Notes due 10/01/25 ($24 million par value)			$	24					$	24
6.750% Senior Notes due 04/15/29 ($525 million par value)			519						518
6.625% Senior Notes due 10/15/32 ($450 million par value)			444						444
Finance leases			3						2
Total long-term debt			$	990					$	988
Less: current portion			24						25
Long-term debt, net of current portion			$	966					$	963

The Company’s long-term debt includes various covenants, none of which are expected to restrict future operations. The Company was in compliance with all covenants as of September 30, 2025.

On August 1, 2025, the Company acquired SEM and assumed $32 million of senior secured notes and $2 million short-term borrowings for working capital requirements. The $32 million of senior secured notes were subsequently repaid in full on August 11, 2025. The short-term borrowings represent an overdraft facility for short-term working capital requirements and are reported in Notes payable and short-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As of September 30, 2025, the estimated fair values of the Company’s long-term debt totaled $1,030 million, which is $43 million higher than carrying value for the same period. As of December 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the Company’s long-term debt totaled $1,007 million, which was $21 million higher than carrying value for the same period. Fair market values of the long-term debt are developed using observable values for similar debt instruments, which are considered Level 2 inputs as defined by ASC Topic 820. The carrying values of the Company’s finance leases approximate fair value.

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The fair value estimates do not necessarily reflect the values the Company could realize in the current markets.

On October 1, 2025, the Company paid in full the outstanding $24 million of the 5.000% Senior Notes.

The Company has a $500 million revolving credit facility (the Revolving Facility) which matures in July 2028. The Revolving Facility contains customary events of default and various financial covenants including debt to EBITDA and interest coverage ratio. The Company was in compliance with the financial covenants as of September 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Facility, and availability of $499 million.

NOTE 14     OTHER CURRENT AND NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES

Additional detail related to liabilities is presented in the table below:

(in millions)			September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Other current liabilities:
Customer related			$	103					$	98
Payroll and employee related			99						106
Income taxes payable			36						35
Product warranties (Note 12)			35						36
Accrued interest			32						17
Operating leases			19						17
Uncertain tax positions			17						7
Accrued freight			16						17
Supplier related			14						8
Other non-income taxes			11						3
Legal and professional fees			11						6
Refundable customer deposits			10						9
Deferred income			7						3
Deferred engineering			5						6
Employee termination benefits			3						4
Other			47						50
Total other current liabilities			$	465					$	422
Other non-current liabilities:
Deferred income taxes			$	67					$	55
Product warranties (Note 12)			37						25
Operating leases			35						39
Uncertain tax positions			25						8
Deferred income			17						11
Other			11						12
Total other non-current liabilities			$	192					$	150

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NOTE 15    FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company’s financial instruments may include long-term debt, interest rate and cross-currency swaps, commodity derivative contracts and foreign currency derivative contracts. All derivative contracts are placed with counterparties that have a Standard and Poor’s (S&P), or equivalent, investment grade credit rating at the time of the contracts’ placement. An adjustment for non-performance risk is considered in the estimate of fair value in derivative assets based on the counterparty credit default swap (CDS) rate. When the Company is in a net derivative liability position, the non-performance risk adjustment is based on its CDS rate. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had no derivative contracts that contained credit-risk-related contingent features.

The Company is exposed to certain market risks relating to our ongoing business operations, including foreign currency exchange rate risk, commodity price risk and interest rate risk. The Company, at times, may use certain financial instruments, primarily derivative contracts, to protect against these risks. The Company uses financial instruments to manage foreign currency exchange rate risk related to forecasted cash flows, including capital expenditures, purchases, operating expenses or sales transactions, and the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the operating unit, and the foreign currency risk exposure associated with our net investment in certain foreign operations.

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the USD equivalent notional values of outstanding currency derivative instruments used for foreign currency cash flow hedging were $53 million and $85 million, respectively. These amounts were primarily related to Euro denominated forward contracts at British Pound functional currency locations.

Derivative instruments designated as foreign currency cash flow hedges, as defined by ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging,” had a $1 million gain recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCI) at September 30, 2025, and a gain of $2 million in Selling, general and administrative expenses in Net earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. Balances in AOCI are reclassified to earnings when transactions related to the underlying risk are settled. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the following amounts were recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as being payable to or receivable from counterparties under ASC Topic 815:

(in millions)

Assets

Liabilities

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments Under Topic 815:

Balance Sheet Location

September 30, 2025

December 31, 2024

Balance Sheet Location

September 30, 2025

December 31, 2024

Foreign currency

Prepayments and other current assets

$

2

$

—

Other current liabilities

$

1

$

—

The table below shows deferred gains (losses) reported in AOCI as well as the amount expected to be reclassified to income in one year or less for designated net investment hedges.

(in millions)						Deferred gain (loss) in AOCI at												Gain (loss) expected to be reclassified to income in one year or less
Net investment hedge						September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Foreign currency						$	(6)					$	(11)					$	—

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The gains and losses attributable to the financial instrument designated as a net investment hedge were recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) during the periods presented below.

(in millions)						Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
Net investment hedge						2025						2024						2025						2024
Foreign currency						$	2					$	(3)					$	5					$	(5)

The Company utilizes foreign currency derivatives not designated as hedging instruments to mitigate the variability of the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the operating units' functional currency. In February 2025, the Company entered into a $100 million notional value Chinese Yuan (CNY), United States Dollar (USD) fixed rate cross currency swap intended to mitigate the remeasurement of an intercompany loan. The cross-currency swap derivative resulted in a gain of $1 million and $3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and is included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. At September 30, 2025, the $3 million fair value of the cross currency swap was recorded in Prepayments and other current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

NOTE 16     RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS

The Company sponsors various defined contribution savings plans, primarily in the U.S., that allow employees to contribute a portion of their pre-tax and/or after-tax income in accordance with plan specified guidelines. The Company also has a number of defined benefit pension plans. Under specified conditions, the Company will make contributions to the plans and/or match a percentage of the employee contributions up to certain limits. The estimated contributions to the defined benefit pension plans for 2025 range from $5 million to $7 million, of which $4 million has been contributed through the first nine months of the year.

The components of net periodic benefit income recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows:

			Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)			2025						2024						2025						2024
Service cost			$	1					$	1					$	3					$	3
Interest cost			12						11						35						34
Expected return on plan assets			(10)						(10)						(31)						(31)
Amortization of unrecognized gain			(1)						(1)						(1)						(2)
Net periodic benefit cost			$	2					$	1					$	6					$	4

The components of net periodic benefit cost other than the service cost component are included in Other postretirement expense, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

NOTE 17     STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

The changes of the Stockholders’ Equity items during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, are as follows:

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(in millions)															Issued common stock						Additional paid-in-capital						Treasury stock						Retained earnings						Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)						Total equity
Balance, June 30, 2025															$	1					$	1,974					$	(367)					$	95					(76)						$	1,627
Dividends declared ($0.27 per share)															—						—						—						(11)						—						(11)
Stock-based compensation expense															—						5						—						—						—						5
Purchase of treasury stock															—						—						(30)						—						—						(30)
Excise tax on purchase of treasury stock															—						—						(1)						—						—						(1)
Net issuance of executive stock plan															—						(4)						1						—						—						(3)
Net earnings															—						—						—						13						—						13
Other comprehensive (loss)															—						—						—						—						(14)						(14)
Balance, September 30, 2025															$	1					$	1,975					$	(397)					$	97					$	(90)					$	1,586

(in millions)															Issued common stock						Additional paid-in-capital						Treasury stock						Retained earnings						Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)						Total equity
Balance, June 30, 2024															$	1					$	2,019					$	(130)					$	29					$	(172)					$	1,747
Dividends declared ($0.25 per share)															—						—						—						(10)						—						(10)
Stock-based compensation expense															—						3						—						—						—						3
Purchase of treasury stock															—						—						(75)						—						—						(75)
Excise tax on purchase of treasury stock															—						—						(2)						—						—						(2)
Net issuance of executive stock plan															—						—						1						—						—						1
Net earnings															—						—						—						31						—						31
Other comprehensive income															—						—						—						—						57						57
Spin-Off related adjustments															—						(48)						—						—						—						(48)
Balance, September 30, 2024															$	1					$	1,974					$	(206)					$	50					$	(115)					$	1,704

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(in millions)															Issued common stock						Additional paid-in-capital						Treasury stock						Retained earnings						Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)						Total equity
Balance, December 31, 2024															$	1					$	1,976					$	(230)					$	44					$	(217)					$	1,574
Dividends declared (0.54 per share)															—						—						—						(32)						—						(32)
Stock-based compensation expense															—						13						—						—						—						13
Purchase of treasury stock															—						—						(170)						—						—						(170)
Excise tax on purchase of treasury stock															—						—						(2)						—						—						(2)
Net issuance of executive stock plan															—						(14)						5						—						—						(9)
Net earnings															—						—						—						85						—						85
Other comprehensive income															—						—						—						—						127						127
Balance, September 30, 2025															$	1					$	1,975					$	(397)					$	97					$	(90)					$	1,586

(in millions)															Issued common stock						Additional paid-in-capital						Treasury stock						Retained earnings						Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)						Total equity
Balance, December 31, 2023															$	1					$	2,031					$	(23)					$	9					$	(131)					$	1,887
Dividends declared ($0.75 per share)															—						—						—						(33)						—						(33)
Stock-based compensation expense															—						11						—						—						—						11
Purchase of treasury stock															—						—						(188)						—						—						(188)
Excise tax on purchase of treasury stock															—						—						(2)						—						—						(2)
Net issuance of executive stock plan															—						(9)						7						—						—						(2)
Net earnings															—						—						—						74						—						74
Other comprehensive income															—						—						—						—						16						16
Spin-Off related adjustments															—						(59)						—						—						—						(59)
Balance, September 30, 2024															$	1					$	1,974					$	(206)					$	50					$	(115)					$	1,704

NOTE 18     ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The following tables summarize the activity within accumulated other comprehensive loss during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

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(in millions)			Foreign currency translation adjustments						Defined benefit pension plans						Hedge instruments						Total
Beginning balance, June 30, 2025			$	(50)					$	(27)					$	1					$	(76)
Comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications			(15)						1						—						(14)
Ending Balance, September 30, 2025			$	(65)					$	(26)					$	1					$	(90)

(in millions)			Foreign currency translation adjustments						Defined benefit pension plans						Hedge instruments						Total
Beginning balance, June 30, 2024			$	(137)					$	(35)					$	—					$	(172)
Comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications			59						(3)						—						56
Reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income			—						1						—						1
Ending Balance, September 30, 2024			$	(78)					$	(37)					$	—					$	(115)

(in millions)			Foreign currency translation adjustments						Defined benefit pension plans						Hedge instruments						Total
Beginning Balance, December 31, 2024			$	(193)					$	(24)					$	—					$	(217)
Comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications			128						(2)						1						127
Income taxes associated with comprehensive loss			—						(1)						—						(1)
Reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income			—						1						—						1
Ending Balance, September 30, 2025			$	(65)					$	(26)					$	1					$	(90)

(in millions)			Foreign currency translation adjustments						Defined benefit pension plans						Hedge instruments						Total
Beginning Balance, December 31, 2023			$	(98)					$	(33)					$	—					$	(131)
Comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications			20						(6)						—						14
Reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income			—						2						—						2
Ending Balance, September 30, 2024			$	(78)					$	(37)					$	—					$	(115)

NOTE 19     CONTINGENCIES

In the normal course of business, the Company is party to various commercial and legal claims, actions and complaints, including matters involving warranty claims, intellectual property claims, governmental investigations and related proceedings, including relating to alleged or actual violations of vehicle emissions standards, general liability and various other risks.

It is not possible to predict with certainty whether or not the Company will ultimately be successful in any of these commercial and legal matters or, if not, what the impact might be. The Company records

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accruals for outstanding legal matters when it believes it is probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates, on a quarterly basis, developments in commercial and legal matters that could affect the amount of any accrual and developments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. If a loss contingency is not both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company does not establish an accrued liability. The Company’s management does not expect that an adverse outcome in any of these commercial and legal claims, actions and complaints that are currently pending will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows. An adverse outcome could, nonetheless, be material to the results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

NOTE 20 EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company presents both basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock (EPS) amounts. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net earnings by the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net earnings by the weighted average shares of common stock and common stock equivalents outstanding during the reporting period.

The dilutive impact of stock-based compensation is calculated using the treasury stock method. The treasury stock method assumes that the Company uses the assumed proceeds from the exercise of awards to repurchase common stock at the average market price during the period. The assumed proceeds under the treasury stock method include the purchase price that the grantee will pay in the future and compensation cost for future service that the Company has not yet recognized.

The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock:

			Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share amounts)			2025						2024						2025						2024
Basic earnings per share:
Net earnings			$	13					$	31					$	85					$	74
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding			38.7						43.1						39.6						44.7
Basic earnings per share of common stock			$	0.34					$	0.72					$	2.15					$	1.66
Diluted earnings per share:
Net earnings			$	13					$	31					$	85					$	74
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding			38.7						43.1						39.6						44.7
Effect of stock-based compensation*			0.9						1.0						0.8						0.7
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding including dilutive shares			39.6						44.1						40.4						45.4
Diluted earnings per share of common stock			$	0.33					$	0.70					$	2.10					$	1.63

NOTE 21    REPORTABLE SEGMENTS AND RELATED INFORMATION

The Company’s business is comprised of two reportable segments, which are further described below. These segments are strategic business groups, which are managed separately as each represents a specific grouping of related automotive components and systems.

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•Fuel Systems. This segment provides advanced fuel injection systems, fuel delivery modules, canisters, sensors, electronic control modules and associated software. Our highly engineered fuel injection systems portfolio includes pumps, injectors, fuel rail assemblies, engine control modules, and complete systems, including software and calibration services, that reduce emissions and improve fuel economy for traditional and hybrid applications.

•Aftermarket. Through this segment, the Company sells products to independent aftermarket customers and OES customers. Its product portfolio includes a wide range of products as well as maintenance, test equipment and vehicle diagnostics solutions. The Aftermarket segment also includes sales of starters and alternators to OEMs.

Segment Adjusted Operating Income (AOI) is the measure of segment income or loss used by the Company. Segment AOI is comprised of segment operating income adjusted for restructuring, transaction-related costs, impairment charges and other items not reflective of ongoing operating income or loss, and acquisition-related intangibles amortization expense because it pertains to non-cash expenses that the Company does not use to evaluate core operating performance. Management believes Segment AOI is most reflective of the operational profitability or loss of its reportable segments. Segment AOI excludes certain corporate costs, which primarily represent corporate expenses not directly attributable to the individual segments.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (CODM) is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

The CODM uses Segment AOI for the financial planning and review process. The CODM considers actual-to-forecast and actual-to-actual variances on a quarterly basis for Segment AOI when making decisions about the allocation of operating and capital resources to each segment. The CODM also uses Segment AOI for evaluating pricing strategy and to assess the performance of each segment by comparing the results of each segment with one another and in determining the compensation of certain employees.

The following tables show segment revenues and significant expenses for the Company’s reportable segments:

			Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
			Fuel Systems						Aftermarket						Inter-segment Eliminations						Consolidated
(in millions)
Net sales to external customers			$	549					$	359					$	—					$	908
Inter-segment eliminations			$	58					$	—					$	(58)					$	—
Net Sales			$	607					$	359					$	(58)					$	908
Less:
Cost of sales			501						265
Selling, general and administrative expenses (excluding Net R&D costs shown separately below)1			18						34
Net R&D costs			18						2
Other segment items2			(3)						4
Segment AOI			$	73					$	54

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			Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
			Fuel Systems						Aftermarket						Inter-segment Eliminations						Consolidated
(in millions)
Net sales to external customers			$	484					$	355					$	—					$	839
Inter-segment eliminations			$	63					$	2					$	(65)					$	—
Net Sales			$	547					$	357					$	(65)					$	839
Less:
Cost of sales			458						260
Selling, general and administrative expenses (excluding Net R&D costs shown separately below)1			13						37
Net R&D costs			23						3
Other segment items2			(2)						1
Segment AOI			$	55					$	56

			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
			Fuel Systems						Aftermarket						Inter-segment Eliminations						Consolidated
(in millions)
Net sales to external customers			$	1,559					$	1,035					$	—					$	2,594
Inter-segment eliminations			$	168					$	—					$	(168)					$	—
Net Sales			$	1,727					$	1,035					$	(168)					$	2,594
Less:
Cost of sales			1,432						761
Selling, general and administrative expenses (excluding Net R&D costs shown separately below)1			50						97
Net R&D costs			70						8
Other segment items2			(5)						6
Segment AOI			$	180					$	163

			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
			Fuel Systems						Aftermarket						Inter-segment Eliminations						Consolidated
(in millions)
Net sales to external customers			$	1,529					$	1,041											$	2,570
Inter-segment eliminations			$	181					$	9					$	(190)					$	—
Net Sales			$	1,710					$	1,050					$	(190)					$	2,570
Less:
Cost of sales			1,429						764
Selling, general and administrative expenses (excluding Net R&D costs shown separately below)1			47						106
Net R&D costs			75						8
Other segment items2			(3)						3
Segment AOI			$	162					$	169

____________

1 Excludes acquisition-related intangibles amortization.

2 Other segment items include inter-segment fees and other income.

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The following table shows a reconciliation of Segment AOI to Earnings before income taxes for the Company’s reportable segments:

			Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)			2025						2024						2025						2024
Fuel Systems			$	73					$	55					$	180					$	162
Aftermarket			54						56						163						169
Segment AOI			127						111						343						331
Corporate, including stock-based compensation			26						24						75						63
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles			8						7						22						21
Separation-related costs			53						4						43						24
Merger and acquisition expense			4						—						9						—
(Gains) losses for other one-time events			(2)						4						(2)						4
Restructuring expense			4						6						11						11
Equity in affiliates’ earnings, net of tax			(3)						(3)						(11)						(8)
Interest income			(3)						(4)						(11)						(12)
Interest expense			20						20						60						81
Other postretirement expense, net			1						—						3						1
Earnings before income taxes			$	19					$	53					$	144					$	146

Segment Information

Segment information as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is presented in the tables below:

Assets
(in millions)			September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Fuel Systems			$	2,122					$	1,902
Aftermarket			1,424						1,332
Total			3,546						3,234
Corporate1			441						534
Consolidated			$	3,987					$	3,768

_______________

1 Corporate assets include cash and cash equivalents, investments and long-term receivables, and deferred income taxes.

Depreciation and amortization			Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)			2025						2024						2025						2024
Fuel Systems			$	34					$	32					$	96					$	100
Aftermarket			6						7						19						19
Total			40						39						115						119
Corporate			—						1						1						2
Consolidated			$	40					$	40					$	116					$	121

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Long-lived asset expenditures1			Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)			2025						2024
Fuel Systems			$	85					$	72
Aftermarket			7						11
Total			92						83
Corporate			3						2
Consolidated			$	95					$	85

_______________

1 Long-lived asset expenditures include capital expenditures and tooling outlays.

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NOTE 22    OPERATING CASH FLOW AND OTHER SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION

			Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)			2025						2024
OPERATING
Net earnings			$	85					$	74
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and tooling amortization			94						100
Intangible asset amortization			22						21
Restructuring expense, net of cash paid			1						10
Loss on extinguishment of debt			—						22
Stock-based compensation expense			13						11
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense			(2)						14
Other non-cash adjustments, net*			35						(2)
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding foreign currency translation adjustments:
Receivables			(25)						80
Inventories			(44)						2
Prepayments and other current assets			(10)						(19)
Accounts payable and other current liabilities			87						(42)
Prepaid taxes and income taxes payable			(31)						(16)
Other assets and liabilities			(5)						(16)
Retirement benefit plan contributions			(4)						(4)
Net cash provided by operating activities			$	216					$	235
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest, net			$	27					$	20
Income taxes, net of refunds			$	55					$	61

_______________

*Adjustment for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 primarily relates to a settlement agreement with the Company’s Former Parent. Refer to Note 23, “Subsequent Event,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for further discussion.

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NOTE 23     SUBSEQUENT EVENT

On October 15, 2025, the Company entered into a settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with the Former Parent to resolve previously disclosed claims asserted by the Former Parent against the Company in Delaware Superior Court in September 2024, pursuant to which the Former Parent sought, among other things, a judicial declaration that the Company is obligated under the Tax Matters Agreement to remit to the Former Parent refunds obtained by the Company from tax authorities that relate to certain indirect tax payments made prior to the Spin-Off. The Settlement Agreement also resolves the Company’s counterclaims asserted against the Former Parent in Delaware Superior Court in December 2024.

The Settlement Agreement provides for, among other things, the Company to make payments to the Former Parent pursuant to the following schedule: an initial payment of $31 million in the fourth quarter of 2025, a second payment of $21 million in the first quarter of 2026, and a third and final payment of $26 million to be made over the course of 2026 as the Company receives refunds of such indirect tax payments from various tax authorities (collectively, the “Settlement Payments”). The Company expects that a substantial portion of the Settlement Payments will be funded through refunds obtained by the Company from tax authorities that relate to certain indirect tax payments made prior to the Spin-Off, with the remaining portion of the Settlement Payments to be funded with available liquidity. The Company recorded a $39 million loss in the three months ended September 30, 2025 in connection with the settlement of the claims with the Former Parent, representing the aggregate amount of the Settlement Payments less the amount the Company had previously recorded for the matter.

In addition, the Settlement Agreement provides that the Former Parent will pay to the Company approximately $7 million related to the reimbursement of certain pre-Spin-Off corporate income taxes in the fourth quarter of 2025. The Settlement Agreement also provides for the release of certain other claims asserted by the Former Parent against the Company.

In connection with the Settlement Agreement, the Company and the Former Parent have also entered into an amendment to the Tax Matters Agreement to provide for, among other things, clarification of the Former Parent’s responsibility for certain pre-Spin-Off tax liabilities and the Company’s ability to obtain and use the benefit of certain pre-Spin-Off credits and other offsets, including certain net operating loss carryforwards available to offset future taxable income and R&D credits related to pre-Spin-Off projects. Although the R&D credits remain subject to completion of necessary filings and governmental approvals, the Company believes these credits can result in the Company receiving up to approximately $29 million in cash by the end of 2026.

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Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information

Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Form 10-Q) to “PHINIA,” the “Company,” “we, “our” or “us” refer to PHINIA Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements are statements other than historical fact that provide current expectations or forecasts of future events based on certain assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance. Forward-looking statements use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “designed,” “effect,” “estimate,” “evaluate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “goal,” “initiative,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “outlook,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “pursue,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “when,” “will,” “would,” and other words of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and factors relating to our business and operations, all of which are difficult to predict and which could cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements. Risks, uncertainties, and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those implied by these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

•adverse changes in general business and economic conditions, including recessions, adverse market conditions or downturns impacting the vehicle and industrial equipment industries;

•our ability to deliver new products, services and technologies in response to changing consumer preferences, increased regulation of greenhouse gas emissions, and acceleration of the market for electric vehicles;

•competitive industry conditions;

•failure to identify, consummate, effectively integrate or realize the expected benefits from acquisitions or partnerships;

•pricing pressures from OEMs;

•inflation rates and volatility in the costs of commodities used in the production of our products;

•changes in U.S. and foreign administrative policy, including tariffs, changes to existing trade agreements and import or export licensing requirements, and any resulting changes in international trade relations;

•our ability to protect our intellectual property;

•failure of or disruption in our information technology infrastructure, including a disruption related to cybersecurity;

•our ability to identify, attract, retain and develop a qualified global workforce;

•difficulties launching new vehicle programs;

•failure to achieve the anticipated savings and benefits from restructuring and product portfolio optimization actions;

•extraordinary events, including natural disasters or extreme weather events, fires or similar catastrophic events, political disruptions, terrorist attacks, pandemics or other public health crises, and acts of war;

•risks related to our international operations;

•the impact of economic, political, social and market conditions on our business in China;

•our reliance on a limited number of OEM customers;

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•supply chain disruptions, including due to U.S. and foreign government action;

•work stoppages, production shutdowns and similar events or conditions;

•governmental investigations and related proceedings regarding vehicle emissions standards, including related to diesel defeat devices;

•current and future environmental, health and safety, human rights and other laws and regulations;

•the impacts of climate change, regulations related to climate change and various stakeholders’ emphasis on climate change and other related matters;

•compliance with and changes in other laws and regulations;

•liabilities related to product warranties, litigation and other claims;

•tax audits and changes in tax laws or tax rates taken by taxing authorities;

•impairment charges on goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets;

•the impact of changes in interest rates and asset returns on our pension funding obligations;

•the impact of restrictive covenants and other requirements on our financial and operating flexibility pursuant to the agreements governing our indebtedness;

•risks relating to the Spin-Off, including our ability to achieve some or all of the benefits that we expect to achieve from the Spin-Off, a determination that the Spin-Off does not qualify as tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes, our or our Former Parent’s failure to perform under, or additional disputes that may arise between the parties relating to, various transaction agreements executed in connection with the Spin-Off and any amendments and restatements thereto, and the availability of, and our ability to use, various credits and offsets detailed in such agreements or the settlement agreement between the Company and our Former Parent; and

•other risks and uncertainties described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our annual Form 10-K and in our other reports filed from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC).

We caution readers not to place undue reliance upon any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

INTRODUCTION

PHINIA is a leader in the development, design and manufacture of integrated components and systems that are designed to optimize performance, increase efficiency and reduce emissions for combustion and hybrid propulsion systems for commercial vehicles and industrial applications (medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks, buses and other off-highway construction, marine, agricultural and aerospace and defense), light commercial vehicles (vans and trucks) and light passenger vehicles (passenger cars, mini-vans, cross-overs and sport-utility vehicles). We are a global supplier to most major OEMs seeking to meet evolving and increasingly stringent global regulatory requirements and satisfy consumer demands for an enhanced user experience. Additionally, we offer a wide range of OES solutions and remanufactured products as well as an expanded range of products for the independent (non-OEM) aftermarket.

Transition to Standalone Company

On July 3, 2023, PHINIA became an independent publicly-traded company as a result of the legal and structural separation of the Fuel Systems and Aftermarket businesses from BorgWarner Inc. (BorgWarner or Former Parent). The separation was completed in the form of a distribution of the outstanding common stock of PHINIA to holders of record of common stock of BorgWarner on a pro rata basis (the Spin-Off). In connection with the Spin-Off, we entered into an agreement with the Former Parent which governs the Company’s and the Former Parent’s respective rights, responsibilities and obligations after the distribution with respect to taxes for any tax period ending on or before the distribution date, as well as tax periods beginning before and ending after the distribution date (Tax Matters Agreement).

Acquisition of Swedish Electromagnet Invest AB (SEM)

On August 1, 2025, PHINIA completed the acquisition of Swedish Electromagnet Invest AB (SEM), a provider of advanced natural gas, hydrogen and other alternative fuel ignition systems, injector stators and linear position sensors, for $47 million, comprised of $15 million of cash consideration and $32 million cash used to extinguish debt assumed through the acquisition. The acquisition is expected to generate approximately $50 million of annual revenue and approximately $10 million of annual adjusted EBITDA. See Note 2, “Acquisition”, for further discussion.

Key Trends and Economic Factors

The automotive industry is currently grappling with renewed semi-conductor shortages, supply chain disruptions, and economic and geopolitical tensions. These factors may affect production, pricing, and consumer demand. In addition, new trade restrictions, including export controls, and/or increases in tariffs could have a material impact on our business, financial condition, or results of operations, including increasing our input costs and decreasing demand in the commercial vehicle (CV) and light vehicle (LV) markets, although the nature of those trade restrictions and tariffs remains unclear. These new trade restrictions and tariffs increase the risk for elevated inflation more generally, which may drive an increase in other input costs. While the impact as of the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was not material, in the future the Company may experience higher costs and material impact, especially with respect to products imported from certain regions subject to significant tariff increases, including, but not limited to, Mexico and China.

Outlook

We expect earnings and cash generation in 2025 to be challenged as we expect a softening of the original equipment markets to outpace our ability to drive operational efficiencies and grow our Aftermarket sales. Continued economic and political uncertainty has caused the CV and LV markets to soften. LV volumes in our key markets for 2025 are expected to decline by low-single digit percentages. CV volumes in our key markets are expected to be flat. Assuming constant foreign exchange rates and excluding sales from acquisitions, we expect flat to a modest decrease in sales. Additionally, we expect to

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be impacted by other macroeconomic challenges in 2025, including but not limited to inflation, supply chain constraints, market volatility, higher tariffs relevant to our operations (particularly in Mexico and China), government shutdowns, and changes in international trade relations.

Despite the near-term uncertainties, the Company maintains a positive long-term outlook for its global business and is committed to new product development and strategic investments to enhance its product leadership strategy. There are several trends that are driving the Company’s long-term growth that management expects to continue, including market share expansion in the CV market, growth in overall vehicle parc that supports aftermarket demand, increased consumer interest in hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and adoption of additional product offerings enabling zero- and lower-carbon fuel solutions for combustion vehicles. In addition, we believe we are well positioned to continue to expand our differentiated offerings and capabilities across electronics, software and complete systems.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This Form 10-Q contains information about PHINIA’s financial results that is not presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP). Such non-GAAP financial measures are reconciled to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures in this Form 10-Q. The reconciliations include all information reasonably available to the Company at the date of this Form 10-Q and the adjustments that management can reasonably predict.

Management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to management, investors, and banking institutions in their analysis of the Company's business and operating performance. Management also uses this information for operational planning and decision-making purposes.

Non-GAAP financial measures are not and should not be considered a substitute for any GAAP measure. Additionally, because not all companies use identical calculations, the non-GAAP financial measures as presented by PHINIA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 vs. Three Months Ended September 30, 2024

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s operating results:

			Three Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)			2025												2024
Net sales									% of net sales												% of net sales
Fuel Systems			$	607					66.9		%				$	547					65.2		%
Aftermarket			359						39.5		%				357						42.5		%
Inter-segment eliminations			(58)						(6.4)		%				(65)						(7.7)		%
Total net sales			908						100.0		%				839						100.0		%
Cost of sales			708						78.0		%				652						77.7		%
Gross profit			200						22.0		%				187						22.3		%
Selling, general and administrative expenses			105						11.6		%				108						12.9		%
Restructuring expense			4						0.4		%				6						0.7		%
Other operating expense, net			57						6.3		%				7						0.8		%
Operating income			34						3.7		%				66						7.9		%
Equity in affiliates’ earnings, net of tax			(3)						(0.3)		%				(3)						(0.4)		%
Interest income			(3)						(0.3)		%				(4)						(0.5)		%
Interest expense			20						2.2		%				20						2.4		%
Other postretirement expense, net			1						0.1		%				—						—		%
Earnings before income taxes			19						2.0		%				53						6.4		%
Provision for income taxes			6						0.7		%				22						2.6		%
Net earnings			$	13					1.3		%				$	31					3.8		%

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Net sales and Cost of sales

Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 totaled $908 million, an increase of $69 million, or 8%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. Cost of sales and cost of sales as a percentage of net sales were $708 million and 78%, respectively, during the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $652 million and 78%, respectively, during the three months ended September 30, 2024. The change in net sales, cost of sales, and gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily driven by the impacts below.

(in millions)			Net Sales						Cost of Sales						Gross Profit
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024			$	839					$	652					$	187
Volume and mix			22						25						(3)
Customer pricing			8						—						8
Supplier costs			—						(1)						1
Tariff cost and recovery			14						13						1
Employee costs			—						4						(4)
SEM acquisition			8						7						1
Foreign currency and other			17						8						9
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025			$	908					$	708					$	200

Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A)

SG&A for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $105 million as compared to $108 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. SG&A as a percentage of net sales was 12% and 13% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. SG&A expenses decreased period-over-period, attributable to R&D savings as well as more information technology-related costs being absorbed in Cost of sales, partially offset primarily by increased employee costs, including stock-based compensation.

			Three Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)			2025						2024						Change ($)
Employee costs			$	43					$	35					$	8
Research & development			20						26						(6)
Information technology			3						8						(5)
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles			8						7						1
Other			31						32						(1)
Selling, general and administrative expenses			$	105					$	108					$	(3)

Restructuring expense

Restructuring expense was $4 million and $6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. See Note 4, “Restructuring”, for further discussion.

Other operating expense, net

Other operating expense, net was $57 million and $7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The change in other operating expense, net was primarily driven by an increase in separation-related costs, primarily from a $39 million loss in connection with the settlement of separation-related claims with the Former Parent, including regarding the Tax Matters Agreement. See Note 23, “Subsequent Event,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for further discussion. Other operating expense, net was comprised of the following:

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			Three Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)			2025						2024						Change ($)
Separation-related costs			$	53					$	4					$	49
Merger and acquisition expense			4						—						4
(Gains) losses for other one-time events			(2)						4						(6)
Other operating expense (income), net			2						(1)						3
Other operating expense, net			$	57					$	7					$	50

Equity in affiliates’ earnings, net of tax

Equity in affiliates’ earnings, net of tax was $3 million in each of the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. This line item is driven by the results of the Company’s unconsolidated joint venture.

Interest income

Interest income was $3 million and $4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The interest income is primarily related to interest earned on funds held in money market, local overnight deposits, and short term investments.

Interest expense

Interest expense was $20 million in the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. See Note 13, “Notes Payable and Debt”, for further discussion.

Provision for income taxes

Provision for income taxes was $6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, resulting in an effective tax rate of 32%. This is compared to $22 million, or 42%, for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased as compared to the prior year due to due to favorable provision-to-return adjustments for tax returns filed during the period, partially offset by a $39 million loss recorded in connection with the settlement of separation-related claims with the Company’s Former Parent with no corresponding tax benefit. Refer to Note 23, “Subsequent Event,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for further discussion.

For further details, see Note 7, “Income Taxes,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

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Net earnings per diluted share and adjusted net earnings per diluted share

The Company’s net earnings per diluted share was $0.33 and $0.70 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company’s adjusted net earnings per diluted share was $1.59 and $1.17 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company defines adjusted net earnings per diluted share, a non-GAAP measure, as net earnings per diluted share adjusted to exclude: (i) the impact of restructuring expense, separation-related costs, merger and acquisition expense, impairment charges and other gains, losses and tax effects and adjustments not reflective of the Company’s ongoing operations; and (ii) acquisition-related intangibles amortization expense because it pertains to non-cash expenses that the Company does not use to evaluate core operating performance. Management believes that adjusted net earnings per diluted share is useful to investors in assessing the Company’s ongoing financial performance, as it provides improved comparability between periods through the exclusion of certain items that management believes are not indicative of the Company’s core operating performance.

			Three Months Ended September 30,
			2025						2024
Net earnings per diluted share			$	0.33					$	0.70
Separation-related costs			1.34						0.09
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles			0.20						0.16
Restructuring expense			0.10						0.14
Merger and acquisition expense			0.10						—
(Gains) losses for other one-time events			(0.05)						0.09
Loss on extinguishment of debt			—						0.05
Tax effects and adjustments			(0.43)						(0.06)
Adjusted net earnings per diluted share			$	1.59					$	1.17

Results by Reportable Segment for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

The Company’s business is aggregated into two reportable segments: Fuel Systems and Aftermarket.

Segment Adjusted Operating Income (AOI) is the measure of segment income or loss used by the Company. Segment AOI is comprised of segment operating income adjusted for restructuring, transaction-related costs, acquisition-related intangible asset amortization expense, impairment charges and other items not reflective of ongoing operating income or loss. The Company believes Segment AOI is most reflective of the operational profitability or loss of its reportable segments.

Segment AOI excludes certain corporate costs, which primarily represent corporate expenses not directly attributable to the individual segments. Corporate expenses not allocated to Segment AOI were $26 million and $24 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in corporate expenses was primarily related to the addition of a second tranche of performance stock units under the Company's stock incentive plan.

Refer to Note 21, “Reportable Segments and Related Information” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, for more information.

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The following table presents Net sales and Segment AOI for the Company’s reportable segments:

			Three Months Ended September 30,
			2025																		2024
(in millions)			Net Sales to Customers						Segment AOI						% Margin						Net Sales to Customers						Segment AOI						% Margin
Fuel Systems			$	549					$	73					13.3		%				$	484					$	55					11.4		%
Aftermarket			359						54						15.0		%				355						56						15.8		%
Totals			$	908					$	127											$	839					$	111

The following table presents the year-over-year change in net sales and Segment AOI for the Company’s reportable segments for the three months ended:

			Fuel Systems												Aftermarket
(in millions)			Net sales						Segment AOI						Net sales						Segment AOI
September 30, 2024			$	484					$	55					$	355					$	56
Volume and mix			36						1						(14)						(6)
Customer pricing			6						6						2						2
Supplier costs			—						1						—						(1)
Tariff cost and recovery			3						(1)						11						2
SEM acquisition			8						1						—						—
Research and development			—						6						—						1
Foreign currency and other			12						4						5						—
September 30, 2025			$	549					$	73					$	359					$	54

The Fuel Systems segment’s Segment Adjusted Operating margin was 13.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 11.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The Segment Adjusted Operating margin increase was primarily due to R&D savings, customer pricing and overhead cost control measures, partially offset by unfavorable product mix.

The Aftermarket segment’s Segment Adjusted Operating margin was 15.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 15.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The Segment Adjusted Operating margin decrease was primarily due to unfavorable product mix.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 vs. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s operating results:

			Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)			2025												2024
Net sales									% of net sales												% of net sales
Fuel Systems			$	1,727					66.6		%				$	1,710					66.5		%
Aftermarket			1,035						39.9		%				1,050						40.9		%
Inter-segment eliminations			(168)						(6.5)		%				(190)						(7.4)		%
Total net sales			2,594						100.0		%				2,570						100.0		%
Cost of sales			2,025						78.1		%				2,003						77.9		%
Gross profit			569						21.9		%				567						22.1		%
Selling, general and administrative expenses			324						12.5		%				324						12.6		%
Restructuring expense			11						0.4		%				11						0.4		%
Other operating expense, net			49						1.9		%				24						0.9		%
Operating income			185						7.1		%				208						8.2		%
Equity in affiliates’ earnings, net of tax			(11)						(0.4)		%				(8)						(0.3)		%
Interest income			(11)						(0.4)		%				(12)						(0.5)		%
Interest expense			60						2.3		%				81						3.2		%
Other postretirement expense, net			3						0.1		%				1						—		%
Earnings before income taxes			144						5.5		%				146						5.8		%
Provision for income taxes			59						2.3		%				72						2.8		%
Net earnings			$	85					3.2		%				$	74					3.0		%

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Net sales and Cost of sales

Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 totaled $2,594 million, a increase of $24 million, or 1%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Cost of sales and cost of sales as a percentage of net sales were $2,025 million and 78%, respectively, during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $2,003 million and 78%, respectively, during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The change in net sales and cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily driven by the impacts below.

(in millions)			Net Sales						Cost of Sales						Gross Profit
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024			$	2,570					$	2,003					$	567
Volume and mix			(10)						—						(10)
Customer pricing			6						—						6
Supplier costs			—						(5)						5
Tariff cost and recovery			23						28						(5)
Employee costs			—						7						(7)
Contract manufacturing agreements			(23)						(23)						—
SEM acquisition			8						7						1
Foreign currency and other			20						8						12
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025			$	2,594					$	2,025					$	569

Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A)

SG&A for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $324 million, or 13% as a percentage of net sales.

			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
(in millions)			2025						2024						Change ($)
Employee costs			$	118					$	101					$	17
Research & development			78						83						(5)
Information technology			18						22						(4)
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles			22						21						1
Other			88						97						(9)
Selling, general and administrative expenses			$	324					$	324					$	—

Restructuring expense

Restructuring expense was $11 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. See Note 4, “Restructuring,” for further discussion.

Other operating expense, net

Other operating expense, net was $49 million and $24 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The change in other operating expense, net was primarily driven by an increase in separation-related costs, primarily from a $39 million loss in connection with the settlement of separation-related claims with the Former Parent, including regarding the Tax Matters Agreement. See Note 23, “Subsequent Event,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for further discussion. Other operating expense, net was comprised of the following:

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			Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)			2025						2024						Change ($)
Separation-related costs			$	43					$	24					$	19
Merger and acquisition expense			9						—						9
(Gains) losses for other one-time events			(2)						4						(6)
Other operating income, net			(1)						(4)						3
Other operating expense, net			$	49					$	24					$	25

Equity in affiliates’ earnings, net of tax

Equity in affiliates’ earnings, net of tax was $11 million and $8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. This line item is driven by the results of the Company’s unconsolidated joint venture.

Interest income

Interest income was $11 million and $12 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The interest income is primarily related to interest earned on funds held in money market, local overnight deposits, and short term investments.

Interest expense

Interest expense was $60 million and $81 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to the loss on extinguishment as a result of the restructuring of the Company’s debt positions in the prior period. See Note 13, “Notes Payable and Debt,” for further discussion.

Provision for income taxes

Provision for income taxes was $59 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, resulting in an effective tax rate of 41%, compared to $72 million, or 49%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased as compared to the prior year as a result of a change in the jurisdictional mix of pre-tax earnings, most notably a decrease in pre-tax losses where no benefit is recognized, partially offset by the $39 million settlement of separation-related claims with the Company’s Former Parent with no corresponding tax benefit.

Excluding the impact of items not related to the Company’s ongoing operations, the Company’s effective tax rate associated with ongoing operations was 33% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 36% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

For further details, see Note 7, “Income Taxes,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

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Net earnings per diluted share and adjusted net earnings per diluted share

The Company’s net earnings per diluted share was $2.10 and $1.63 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company’s adjusted net earnings per diluted share was $3.79 and $3.15 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company defines adjusted net earnings per diluted share, a non-GAAP measure, as net earnings per diluted share adjusted to exclude: (i) the impact of restructuring expense, separation-related costs, merger and acquisition expense, impairment charges and other gains, losses and tax effects and adjustments not reflective of the Company’s ongoing operations; and (ii) acquisition-related intangibles amortization expense because it pertains to non-cash expenses that the Company does not use to evaluate core operating performance. Management believes that adjusted net earnings per diluted share is useful to investors in assessing the Company’s ongoing financial performance, as it provides improved comparability between periods through the exclusion of certain items that management believes are not indicative of the Company’s core operating performance.

			Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2025						2024
Net earnings per diluted share			$	2.10					$	1.63
Separation-related costs			1.07						0.53
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles			0.55						0.46
Restructuring expense			0.27						0.24
Merger and acquisition expense			0.22						—
(Gains) losses for other one-time events			(0.05)						0.09
Loss on extinguishment of debt			—						0.49
Tax effects and adjustments			(0.37)						(0.29)
Adjusted net earnings per diluted share			$	3.79					$	3.15

Results by Reportable Segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

The Company’s business is aggregated into two reportable segments: Fuel Systems and Aftermarket.

Segment Adjusted Operating Income (AOI) is the measure of segment income or loss used by the Company. Segment AOI is comprised of segment operating income adjusted for restructuring, transaction-related costs, acquisition-related intangible asset amortization expense, impairment charges and other items not reflective of ongoing operating income or loss. The Company believes Segment AOI is most reflective of the operational profitability or loss of its reportable segments.

Segment AOI excludes certain corporate costs, which primarily represent corporate expenses not directly attributable to the individual segments. Corporate expenses not allocated to Segment AOI were $75 million and $63 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in corporate expenses was primarily related to additional costs resulting from moving to a fully staffed standalone company and exiting the transition service agreements with the Former Parent and the addition of a second tranche of performance stock units under the Company's stock incentive plan.

Refer to Note 21, “Reportable Segments and Related Information” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, for more information.

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The following table presents Net sales and Segment AOI for the Company’s reportable segments:

			Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2025																		2024
(in millions)			Net Sales to Customers						Segment AOI						% Margin						Net Sales to Customers						Segment AOI						% Margin
Fuel Systems			$	1,559					$	180					11.5		%				$	1,529					$	162					10.6		%
Aftermarket			1,035						163						15.7		%				1,041						169						16.2		%
Totals			$	2,594					$	343											$	2,570					$	331

The following table presents the year-over-year change in net sales and Segment AOI for the Company’s reportable segments for the nine months ended:

			Fuel Systems												Aftermarket
(in millions)			Net sales						Segment AOI						Net sales						Segment AOI
September 30, 2024			$	1,529					$	162					$	1,041					$	169
Volume and mix			20						(4)						(30)						(8)
Customer pricing			3						3						3						3
Supplier costs			—						2						—						2
Tariff cost and recovery			7						(4)						16						(1)
Contract manufacturing agreements			(23)						—						—						—
SEM acquisition			8						1						—						—
Research and development			—						6						—						—
Foreign currency and other			15						14						5						(2)
September 30, 2025			$	1,559					$	180					$	1,035					$	163

The Fuel Systems segment’s Segment Adjusted Operating margin was 11.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 10.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The Segment Adjusted Operating margin increase was primarily due to R&D savings and overhead cost control measures, partially offset by unfavorable mix, the nonrecurrence of a supplier settlement and the impacts of recent tariff changes.

The Aftermarket segment’s Segment Adjusted Operating margin was 15.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 16.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The Segment Adjusted Operating margin decreased primarily due to unfavorable mix, partially offset by lower overhead costs and foreign exchange tailwinds.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Overview

The Company maintains various liquidity sources, including cash and cash equivalents and the unused portion of its $500 million revolving credit facility maturing in July 2028 (the Revolving Facility). As of September 30, 2025, the Company had liquidity of $848 million, comprised of cash and cash equivalent balances of $349 million and availability on the Revolving Facility of $499 million. On October 1, 2025, the Company paid in full the outstanding $24 million of the 5.000% Senior Notes. Given the Company’s strong liquidity position, management believes that it will have sufficient liquidity and will maintain compliance with all covenants through at least the next 12 months.

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had $349 million and $484 million of cash and cash equivalents, respectively, of which $305 million and $409 million, respectively, was held by our

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subsidiaries outside of the United States. We believe our existing cash and cash flows generated from operations and indebtedness incurred in conjunction with the Spin-Off will be responsive to the needs of our current and planned operations for at least the next 12 months and the foreseeable future thereafter.

We utilize certain arrangements with various financial institutions to sell eligible trade receivables from certain customers in North America and Europe. We may terminate any or all of these arrangements at any time subject to prior written notice. While we do not depend on these arrangements for our liquidity, if we elected to terminate these arrangements, there would be a one-time unfavorable timing impact on the collection of any outstanding receivables.

Cash Flows

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $216 million and $235 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in cash from operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to increased working capital demands as the Company navigates fluctuating volumes and other shifting industry conditions.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $103 million and $84 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, primarily related to capital expenditures and the SEM acquisition. As a percentage of sales, capital expenditures were 3.7% and 3.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $245 million and $61 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, primarily related to stock repurchases and the repayment of acquired debt.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Critical accounting policies and estimates disclosures appear in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies And Estimates,” in the Company’s Form 10-K filed on February 13, 2025. There were no material changes to this information during the quarter ended September 30, 2025.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk appear in “Item 7A - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” and “Item 1A - Risk Factors” in the Company’s Form 10-K filed on February 13, 2025. Excluding the information discussed below, there were no material changes to this information during the quarter ended September 30, 2025.

Currency Exchange Rate Risk

Currency exchange rate risk refers to the possibility that the Company may incur economic losses due to adverse changes in currency exchange rates. The Company operates globally and transacts in multiple currencies in addition to its reporting currency, the U.S. dollar. Although the Company generally uses the national or regional currency as the functional currency of its local entities, the Company has a significant amount of transactions in non-functional currency denominations including U.S. Dollar, Euro, Chinese Renminbi, Great British Pound and Mexico Peso. The Company mitigates its currency exchange rate risk

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by establishing local production facilities and related supply chain participants in the markets it serves, by invoicing customers in the same currency as the source of the products. The Company at times will also use derivative financial instruments to mitigate the risk of certain transactional foreign currency exposures.

In addition, the Company executed an intercompany loan designated as a net investment hedge to mitigate specific exchange rate translation risk. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company deferred a pre-tax loss of $6 million and $11 million, respectively, for the designated net investment hedge within the cumulative translation account within accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of total shareholders’ equity.

Currency translation adjustments, including the impact of the net investment hedges discussed above, during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, are shown in the following tables, which provide the percentage change in U.S. Dollars against the respective currencies and the approximate impacts of these changes recorded within other comprehensive income (loss) for the respective periods.

(in millions, except for percentages)									September 30, 2025
Euro															13		%				$	75
Brazilian Real															16		%				$	22
British Pound															7		%				$	20
Chinese Renminbi															3		%				$	12

(in millions, except for percentages)									September 30, 2024
Euro															1		%				$	29
British Pound															5		%				$	12
Chinese Renminbi															1		%				$	6
Brazilian Real															(11)		%				$	(19)

For additional information regarding the level of business outside the United States, which is subject to foreign currency exchange rate market risk, refer to Note 21, “Reportable Segments and Related Information,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and

15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these controls and procedures are effective.

There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of its business, the Company is involved in a number of lawsuits and claims, both actual and potential. Proceedings that were previously disclosed may no longer be reported because, as a result of rulings in the case, settlements, changes in our business, or other developments, in our judgment, they are no longer material to the Company’s business, financial position or results of operations. Refer to Note 19, “Contingencies,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding such lawsuits and claims.

On October 15, 2025, the Company entered into a settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) with the Former Parent to resolve the previously disclosed claims asserted by the Former Parent against the Company in Delaware Superior Court in September 2024, pursuant to which the Former Parent sought, among other things, a judicial declaration that the Company is obligated under the Tax Matters Agreement to remit to the Former Parent refunds obtained by the Company from tax authorities that relate to certain indirect tax payments made prior to the Spin-Off. The Settlement Agreement also resolves the Company’s counterclaims asserted against the Former Parent in Delaware Superior Court in December 2024. For further discussion on the settlement and the terms of the Settlement Agreement, see Note 23, “Subsequent Event,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q.

SEC regulations require disclosure of certain environmental matters when a governmental authority is a party to the proceedings and such proceedings involve potential monetary sanctions that the Company reasonably believes will exceed a specified threshold. Pursuant to these regulations, the Company uses a threshold of $1 million for purposes of determining whether disclosure of any such proceedings is required.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

We face a number of risks and uncertainties that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. A discussion of our risk factors can be found in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in the Company’s Form 10-K filed on February 13, 2025. Readers should not interpret the disclosure of any risk factor to imply that the risk has not already materialized. During the three months ended September 30, 2025, there were no material changes to our previously disclosed risk factors.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

In August 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors increased the capacity under our previously announced share repurchase program by $250 million. On February 12, 2025, an additional $200 million of capacity was approved, for a total share repurchase program of $600 million. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had repurchased $406 million of common stock under its repurchase program, excluding the impact of Federal excise tax. Under the share repurchase program, shares may be repurchased in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, or pursuant to one or more accelerated share repurchase programs or Rule 10b5-1 plans in compliance with SEC requirements. The exact amount and timing of any purchases will depend on a number of factors, including trading price, trading volume, and general market conditions. The share repurchase program has no expiration date and may be suspended, discontinued, or resumed at any time. Repurchased shares will be deemed common stock held in treasury and may subsequently be reissued.

Employee transactions include shares of the Company’s common stock withheld by the Company in connection with employees’ payment of taxes associated with the vesting of their restricted stock awards granted under the PHINIA Inc. 2023 Stock Incentive Plan.

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The following table provides information about the Company’s purchases of its equity securities that are registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act during the quarter ended September 30, 2025:

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period						Total number of shares purchased						Average price per share						Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs						Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under plans or programs (in millions)
August 1, 2025 - August 31, 2025
Common Share Repurchase Program						510,176						$	55.32					510,176						$	196
Employee transactions						55,789						$	58.48
September 1, 2025 - September 30, 2025
Common Share Repurchase Program						30,764						$	57.77					30,764						$	194
Employee transactions						268						$	58.20

Item 5. Other Information

Trading Arrangements

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, none of the individuals serving as the Company’s directors or “officers,” as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act, at that time adopted, modified, or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits

31.1			Rule 13a-(14a)/15d-(14a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.*
31.2			Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.*
32			Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.**
101.INS			Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.*
101.SCH			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.*
101.CAL			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.*
101.DEF			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.*
101.LAB			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.*
101.PRE			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*
104.1			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).*

____________

*Filed herewith.

**    Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

			PHINIA Inc.
By:			/s/ Samantha M. Pombier
			(Signature)
			Samantha M. Pombier
			Vice President and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)

Date: October 28, 2025

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FAQ

How did PHINIA (PHIN) perform in Q3 2025?

Net sales were $908 million (up 8% YoY); net earnings were $13 million; diluted EPS was $0.33.

What drove the profit decline at PHINIA in Q3 2025?

Higher separation-related costs lifted other operating expense to $57 million, including a $39 million settlement loss.

What is PHINIA’s cash and debt position?

Cash was $349 million; long-term debt $966 million; revolver availability $499 million with no outstanding borrowings.

What are the terms of PHINIA’s settlement payments?

Payments of $31M in Q4 2025, $21M in Q1 2026, and $26M during 2026; offset by $7M to be received and potential $29M R&D credits.

What impact is expected from the SEM acquisition?

SEM is expected to add about $50 million annual revenue and $10 million annual adjusted EBITDA.

What were PHINIA’s year-to-date operating cash flows?

$216 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

How many PHINIA shares were outstanding?

As of October 24, 2025, 38,442,674 shares of common stock were outstanding.