[10-Q] Plug Power Inc. Quarterly Earnings Report
Plug Power Inc. reported a second quarter 2025 net loss of $228.7 million on net revenue of $173.97 million, improving from a $262.3 million loss a year earlier but still producing a gross loss of $53.5 million. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $140.7 million with total assets of $3.35 billion and an accumulated deficit of $7.02 billion. Inventory declined to $643.9 million and carries $134.6 million of excess and obsolete adjustments.
The company raised net proceeds of $267.5 million from a March registered direct offering and issued a $210.0 million 15.00% Secured Debenture (purchase price $199.5 million) in May, with an effective Q2 yield of 19.2% and a warrant issued to Yorkville. Management expects restructuring savings to begin in the second half of 2025 and states working capital, available restricted cash, equity facilities (ATM and SEPA) and the new debenture support operations for at least 12 months under stated assumptions.
Plug Power Inc. ha registrato una perdita netta nel secondo trimestre 2025 di $228.7 milioni su ricavi netti di $173.97 milioni, migliorando rispetto alla perdita di $262.3 milioni dell'anno precedente ma registrando comunque una perdita lorda di $53.5 milioni. La liquidità e gli equivalenti di cassa ammontavano a $140.7 milioni, con attività totali per $3.35 miliardi e un deficit accumulato di $7.02 miliardi. Le scorte sono scese a $643.9 milioni e includono rettifiche per eccedenze e obsolescenza pari a $134.6 milioni.
L'azienda ha raccolto proventi netti per $267.5 milioni da un'offerta diretta registrata a marzo e ha emesso a maggio un Debenture garantita al 15.00% da $210.0 milioni (prezzo di acquisto $199.5 milioni), con un rendimento effettivo nel 2Q del 19.2% e l'emissione di un warrant a favore di Yorkville. La direzione prevede che i risparmi dalla ristrutturazione inizieranno nella seconda metà del 2025 e afferma che il capitale circolante, la liquidità vincolata disponibile, le facilitazioni azionarie (ATM e SEPA) e il nuovo debenture sostengono le operazioni per almeno 12 mesi secondo le ipotesi dichiarate.
Plug Power Inc. registró una pérdida neta en el segundo trimestre de 2025 de $228.7 millones sobre ingresos netos de $173.97 millones, mejorando frente a la pérdida de $262.3 millones del año anterior pero aun así registrando una pérdida bruta de $53.5 millones. El efectivo y equivalentes sumaron $140.7 millones, con activos totales de $3.35 mil millones y un déficit acumulado de $7.02 mil millones. El inventario disminuyó a $643.9 millones e incluye ajustes por exceso y obsolescencia por $134.6 millones.
La compañía obtuvo ingresos netos por $267.5 millones de una colocación directa registrada en marzo y emitió en mayo un Debenture garantizado al 15.00% por $210.0 millones (precio de compra $199.5 millones), con un rendimiento efectivo en el 2T del 19.2% y la emisión de un warrant a Yorkville. La dirección espera que los ahorros por reestructuración comiencen en la segunda mitad de 2025 y afirma que el capital de trabajo, la caja restringida disponible, las facilidades de capital (ATM y SEPA) y el nuevo debenture respaldan las operaciones durante al menos 12 meses bajo las hipótesis declaradas.
Plug Power Inc.는 2025회계연도 2분기에 순매출 $173.97백만 달러에 대해 $228.7백만 달러의 순손실을 보고했으며, 전년도 $262.3백만 달러 손실에 비해 개선됐지만 여전히 총손실 $53.5백만 달러를 기록했습니다. 현금 및 현금성자산은 $140.7백만 달러였고, 총자산은 $3.35십억 달러, 누적적자는 $7.02십억 달러였습니다. 재고는 $643.9백만 달러로 감소했으며 그중 초과 및 진부화 조정액은 $134.6백만 달러입니다.
회사는 3월 등록 직접 공모로 순수익 $267.5백만 달러를 조달했고 5월에는 연 15.00% 담보 채권 $210.0백만 달러(매수 대금 $199.5백만 달러)를 발행했으며, 2분기 유효 수익률은 19.2%였고 Yorkville에 워런트를 발행했습니다. 경영진은 구조조정에 따른 비용 절감이 2025년 하반기부터 시작될 것으로 예상하며, 운전자본, 사용 가능한 제한 현금, 주식 조달 시설(ATM 및 SEPA)과 새 채권이 명시된 가정 하에서 최소 12개월간 운영을 뒷받침한다고 밝혔습니다.
Plug Power Inc. a annoncé une perte nette pour le deuxième trimestre 2025 de $228.7 millions sur des revenus nets de $173.97 millions, une amélioration par rapport à la perte de $262.3 millions un an plus tôt, mais affichant néanmoins une perte brute de $53.5 millions. Les liquidités et équivalents de trésorerie s'élevaient à $140.7 millions, les actifs totaux à $3.35 milliards et le déficit accumulé à $7.02 milliards. Les stocks ont diminué à $643.9 millions et comprennent des ajustements pour surplus et obsolescence de $134.6 millions.
La société a levé des produits nets de $267.5 millions lors d'une offre directe enregistrée en mars et a émis en mai une débenture garantie à 15.00% pour $210.0 millions (prix d'achat $199.5 millions), avec un rendement effectif au 2T de 19.2% et l'émission d'un warrant à Yorkville. La direction s'attend à ce que les économies liées à la restructuration commencent dans la seconde moitié de 2025 et indique que le fonds de roulement, la trésorerie restreinte disponible, les facilités en capital (ATM et SEPA) et la nouvelle débenture soutiennent les opérations pendant au moins 12 mois selon les hypothèses énoncées.
Plug Power Inc. meldete für das zweite Quartal 2025 einen Nettoverlust von $228.7 Millionen bei einem Nettoumsatz von $173.97 Millionen, eine Verbesserung gegenüber dem Verlust von $262.3 Millionen im Vorjahr, verzeichnete aber weiterhin einen Bruttoverlust von $53.5 Millionen. Zahlungsmittel und Zahlungsmitteläquivalente beliefen sich auf $140.7 Millionen, die Gesamtvermögenswerte auf $3.35 Milliarden und ein aufgelaufenes Defizit von $7.02 Milliarden. Die Vorräte fielen auf $643.9 Millionen und enthalten Abschreibungen für Überbestände und Veralterung in Höhe von $134.6 Millionen.
Das Unternehmen erzielte Nettoerlöse von $267.5 Millionen aus einem im März registrierten Direktangebot und gab im Mai eine besicherte Schuldverschreibung über $210.0 Millionen zu 15.00% (Kaufpreis $199.5 Millionen) aus; die effektive Rendite im 2. Quartal betrug 19.2% und es wurde ein Warrant an Yorkville ausgegeben. Das Management erwartet, dass die Einsparungen aus der Restrukturierung in der zweiten Hälfte 2025 beginnen, und gibt an, dass das Betriebskapital, verfügbare eingeschränkte Mittel, Eigenkapitalfazilitäten (ATM und SEPA) sowie die neue Schuldverschreibung die Geschäftstätigkeit für mindestens 12 Monate unter den angegebenen Annahmen stützen.
- Raised $267.5 million net proceeds from the March registered direct offering to bolster liquidity
- Working capital of $494.2 million and available equity programs (ATM with $986.2 million remaining and SEPA up to $1.0 billion) provide financing optionality
- Company believes it has sufficient capital for at least 12 months based on working capital, restricted cash to be released and financing assumptions
- 2025 Restructuring Plan expected to produce significant annual savings beginning in the second half of 2025
- Large net losses: $228.7 million in Q2 2025 and $425.6 million for six months, contributing to an accumulated deficit of $7.02 billion
- Gross loss of $53.5 million in the quarter, with cost of revenue exceeding sales in several segments
- Inventory reductions and writedowns: inventory of $643.9 million with $134.6 million of excess and obsolete adjustments
- Other impairments and equity losses: impairment charges and a $42.5 million other-than-temporary loss on an equity method investment
- High-cost secured debt issued: $210.0 million 15.00% Secured Debenture with an effective Q2 yield of 19.2% and potential 25% default rate; introduces significant interest burden and dilution via warrants
Insights
TL;DR: Losses remain large but financing and restructuring give short-term runway; margins and cash generation need material improvement.
Plug Power reported sizable quarterly and six-month losses but reduced the six-month loss year-over-year from $558.1 million to $425.6 million, driven in part by lower operating expenses and restructuring actions. The March offering provided $267.5 million of net proceeds and the company has remaining capacity under an ATM program and a SEPA with Yorkville, which together represent meaningful liquidity optionality. However, operating cash use was $297.4 million in the first half of 2025, and inventory write-downs and equity investment impairments pressure balance sheet quality. The company’s assertion of 12-month liquidity is conditional on several financing and operational assumptions.
TL;DR: New financing extended runway but at high cost and with dilution risk for existing shareholders.
The issuance of a $210.0 million 15.00% Secured Debenture at a purchase price of $199.5 million and associated equity warrants introduces high-cost secured financing, recorded at fair value with Level 3 inputs. The debenture carried an effective Q2 interest yield of 19.2% and could rise to 25% on default. Concurrent equity raises, exercised pre-funded warrants and broad $1.0 billion SEPA/ATM capacity increase potential dilution. These capital market actions materially affect capital structure and shareholder dilution dynamics while providing near-term liquidity.
Plug Power Inc. ha registrato una perdita netta nel secondo trimestre 2025 di $228.7 milioni su ricavi netti di $173.97 milioni, migliorando rispetto alla perdita di $262.3 milioni dell'anno precedente ma registrando comunque una perdita lorda di $53.5 milioni. La liquidità e gli equivalenti di cassa ammontavano a $140.7 milioni, con attività totali per $3.35 miliardi e un deficit accumulato di $7.02 miliardi. Le scorte sono scese a $643.9 milioni e includono rettifiche per eccedenze e obsolescenza pari a $134.6 milioni.
L'azienda ha raccolto proventi netti per $267.5 milioni da un'offerta diretta registrata a marzo e ha emesso a maggio un Debenture garantita al 15.00% da $210.0 milioni (prezzo di acquisto $199.5 milioni), con un rendimento effettivo nel 2Q del 19.2% e l'emissione di un warrant a favore di Yorkville. La direzione prevede che i risparmi dalla ristrutturazione inizieranno nella seconda metà del 2025 e afferma che il capitale circolante, la liquidità vincolata disponibile, le facilitazioni azionarie (ATM e SEPA) e il nuovo debenture sostengono le operazioni per almeno 12 mesi secondo le ipotesi dichiarate.
Plug Power Inc. registró una pérdida neta en el segundo trimestre de 2025 de $228.7 millones sobre ingresos netos de $173.97 millones, mejorando frente a la pérdida de $262.3 millones del año anterior pero aun así registrando una pérdida bruta de $53.5 millones. El efectivo y equivalentes sumaron $140.7 millones, con activos totales de $3.35 mil millones y un déficit acumulado de $7.02 mil millones. El inventario disminuyó a $643.9 millones e incluye ajustes por exceso y obsolescencia por $134.6 millones.
La compañía obtuvo ingresos netos por $267.5 millones de una colocación directa registrada en marzo y emitió en mayo un Debenture garantizado al 15.00% por $210.0 millones (precio de compra $199.5 millones), con un rendimiento efectivo en el 2T del 19.2% y la emisión de un warrant a Yorkville. La dirección espera que los ahorros por reestructuración comiencen en la segunda mitad de 2025 y afirma que el capital de trabajo, la caja restringida disponible, las facilidades de capital (ATM y SEPA) y el nuevo debenture respaldan las operaciones durante al menos 12 meses bajo las hipótesis declaradas.
Plug Power Inc.는 2025회계연도 2분기에 순매출 $173.97백만 달러에 대해 $228.7백만 달러의 순손실을 보고했으며, 전년도 $262.3백만 달러 손실에 비해 개선됐지만 여전히 총손실 $53.5백만 달러를 기록했습니다. 현금 및 현금성자산은 $140.7백만 달러였고, 총자산은 $3.35십억 달러, 누적적자는 $7.02십억 달러였습니다. 재고는 $643.9백만 달러로 감소했으며 그중 초과 및 진부화 조정액은 $134.6백만 달러입니다.
회사는 3월 등록 직접 공모로 순수익 $267.5백만 달러를 조달했고 5월에는 연 15.00% 담보 채권 $210.0백만 달러(매수 대금 $199.5백만 달러)를 발행했으며, 2분기 유효 수익률은 19.2%였고 Yorkville에 워런트를 발행했습니다. 경영진은 구조조정에 따른 비용 절감이 2025년 하반기부터 시작될 것으로 예상하며, 운전자본, 사용 가능한 제한 현금, 주식 조달 시설(ATM 및 SEPA)과 새 채권이 명시된 가정 하에서 최소 12개월간 운영을 뒷받침한다고 밝혔습니다.
Plug Power Inc. a annoncé une perte nette pour le deuxième trimestre 2025 de $228.7 millions sur des revenus nets de $173.97 millions, une amélioration par rapport à la perte de $262.3 millions un an plus tôt, mais affichant néanmoins une perte brute de $53.5 millions. Les liquidités et équivalents de trésorerie s'élevaient à $140.7 millions, les actifs totaux à $3.35 milliards et le déficit accumulé à $7.02 milliards. Les stocks ont diminué à $643.9 millions et comprennent des ajustements pour surplus et obsolescence de $134.6 millions.
La société a levé des produits nets de $267.5 millions lors d'une offre directe enregistrée en mars et a émis en mai une débenture garantie à 15.00% pour $210.0 millions (prix d'achat $199.5 millions), avec un rendement effectif au 2T de 19.2% et l'émission d'un warrant à Yorkville. La direction s'attend à ce que les économies liées à la restructuration commencent dans la seconde moitié de 2025 et indique que le fonds de roulement, la trésorerie restreinte disponible, les facilités en capital (ATM et SEPA) et la nouvelle débenture soutiennent les opérations pendant au moins 12 mois selon les hypothèses énoncées.
Plug Power Inc. meldete für das zweite Quartal 2025 einen Nettoverlust von $228.7 Millionen bei einem Nettoumsatz von $173.97 Millionen, eine Verbesserung gegenüber dem Verlust von $262.3 Millionen im Vorjahr, verzeichnete aber weiterhin einen Bruttoverlust von $53.5 Millionen. Zahlungsmittel und Zahlungsmitteläquivalente beliefen sich auf $140.7 Millionen, die Gesamtvermögenswerte auf $3.35 Milliarden und ein aufgelaufenes Defizit von $7.02 Milliarden. Die Vorräte fielen auf $643.9 Millionen und enthalten Abschreibungen für Überbestände und Veralterung in Höhe von $134.6 Millionen.
Das Unternehmen erzielte Nettoerlöse von $267.5 Millionen aus einem im März registrierten Direktangebot und gab im Mai eine besicherte Schuldverschreibung über $210.0 Millionen zu 15.00% (Kaufpreis $199.5 Millionen) aus; die effektive Rendite im 2. Quartal betrug 19.2% und es wurde ein Warrant an Yorkville ausgegeben. Das Management erwartet, dass die Einsparungen aus der Restrukturierung in der zweiten Hälfte 2025 beginnen, und gibt an, dass das Betriebskapital, verfügbare eingeschränkte Mittel, Eigenkapitalfazilitäten (ATM und SEPA) sowie die neue Schuldverschreibung die Geschäftstätigkeit für mindestens 12 Monate unter den angegebenen Annahmen stützen.
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
Commission File Number:
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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(State or Other Jurisdiction of | | (I.R.S. Employer |
Incorporation or Organization) | | Identification Number) |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)
(
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Title of Each Class |
| Trading Symbol(s) |
| Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered |
| | The |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non- accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Accelerated filer ☐ | Non-accelerated filer ☐ | Smaller reporting company | Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes
The number of shares of common stock, par value of $.01 per share, outstanding as of August 6, 2025 was
Table of Contents
INDEX to FORM 10-Q
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | |
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Item 1 – Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 3 |
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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3 |
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | 4 |
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss | 5 |
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity | 6 |
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 7 |
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Notes to Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8 |
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Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 34 |
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Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 57 |
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Item 4 – Controls and Procedures | 57 |
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | |
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Item 1 – Legal Proceedings | 59 |
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Item 1A – Risk Factors | 59 |
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Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 59 |
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Item 3 – Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 60 |
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Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures | 60 |
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Item 5 – Other Information | 60 |
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Item 6 – Exhibits | 61 |
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Signatures | 62 |
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Table of Contents
PART 1. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1 — Interim Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Plug Power Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | |
| June 30, | | December 31, | ||
| 2025 |
| 2024 | ||
Assets | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | | | $ | |
Restricted cash | | | | | |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $ |
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Inventory, net |
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Contract assets | | | | | |
Prepaid expenses, tax credits, and other current assets |
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Total current assets |
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Restricted cash |
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Property, plant, and equipment, net | | | |
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Right of use assets related to finance leases, net | | | | | |
Right of use assets related to operating leases, net | | | | | |
Equipment related to power purchase agreements and fuel delivered to customers, net | | | |
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Contract assets | | | | | |
Intangible assets, net |
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Investments in non-consolidated entities and non-marketable equity securities | | | | | |
Other assets |
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Total assets(A) | $ | | | $ | |
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Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | |
Accounts payable | $ | | | $ | |
Accrued expenses |
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Deferred revenue and other contract liabilities |
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Operating lease liabilities | | | | | |
Finance lease liabilities | | | | | |
Finance obligations | | | | | |
Current portion of convertible debt instruments, net | | | | | |
Current portion of long-term debt (of which $ | | | | | |
Contingent consideration, loss accrual for service contracts, and other current liabilities (of which $ |
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Total current liabilities |
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Deferred revenue and other contract liabilities |
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Operating lease liabilities | | | | | |
Finance lease liabilities | | | | | |
Finance obligations |
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Convertible debt instruments, net (of which $ | | — | | | |
Long-term debt (of which $ | | | | | |
Contingent consideration, loss accrual for service contracts, and other liabilities (of which $ |
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Total liabilities(A) |
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Stockholders’ equity: | | | | | |
Common stock, $ |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) |
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| ( |
Accumulated deficit |
| ( | |
| ( |
Less common stock in treasury: | | ( | | | ( |
Total Plug Power Inc. stockholders’ equity |
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Non-controlling interest(A) | | | | | |
Total stockholders’ equity | | | | | |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | | | $ | |
| (A) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
Table of Contents
Plug Power Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | | Six months ended | ||||||||
| June 30, | | June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 |
| 2024 |
| 2025 |
| 2024 | ||||
Net revenue: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other | $ | | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | |
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure | | | | | | | | | | | |
Power purchase agreements | | | |
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Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment | | | |
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Other | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenue | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of revenue: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other | | | |
| | | | | |
| |
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure | | | |
| | | | | |
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(Benefit)/provision for loss contracts related to service | | ( | | | | | | ( | | | |
Power purchase agreements | | | |
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Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment | | | |
| | | | | |
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Other | | | |
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Total cost of revenue | | | |
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Gross loss | | ( | |
| ( | | | ( | |
| ( |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Research and development | | | | | | | | | | | |
Selling, general and administrative | | | | | | | | | | | |
Restructuring | | | | | | | | | | | |
Impairment | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration | | ( | | | | | | ( | | | ( |
Total operating expenses | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating loss | | ( | | | ( | | | ( | | | ( |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | | |
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Interest expense | | ( | | | ( | | | ( | | | ( |
Other income/(expense), net | | | |
| ( | | | | |
| ( |
Loss on extinguishment of convertible debt instruments and debt | | ( | | | — | | | ( | | | ( |
Change in fair value of convertible debenture | | | | | — | | | | | | — |
Change in fair value of debt | | ( | | | — | | | ( | | | — |
Loss on equity method investments | | ( | | | ( | | | ( | | | ( |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss before income taxes | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Income tax (expense)/benefit | | ( | |
| | | | ( | |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest | | ( | | | — | | | ( | | | — |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss attributable to Plug Power Inc. | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss per share attributable to Plug Power Inc.: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic and diluted | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average number of common stock outstanding | | | |
| | | | | |
| |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Plug Power Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended | | Six months ended | ||||||||
| | June 30, | | June 30, | ||||||||
|
| 2025 |
| 2024 | | 2025 |
| 2024 | ||||
Net loss | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( |
Other comprehensive income: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign currency translation gain | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive loss, net of tax | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( |
Less: comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interest | | | ( | | | — | | | ( | | | — |
Total comprehensive loss attributable to Plug Power Inc. | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Plug Power Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(In thousands, except share amounts)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
| Accumulated |
| |
|
| |
|
| | | Total | | |
| | ||||
| | | | | | | Additional | | Other | | | | | | | | | | Plug Power | | | | Total | |||||
| | Common Stock | | Paid-in | | Comprehensive | | Treasury Stock | | Accumulated | | Stockholders’ | | Non-controlling | | Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||
|
| Shares |
| Amount |
| Capital |
| Income/(Loss) |
| Shares |
| Amount |
| Deficit |
| Equity |
| Interests |
| Equity | ||||||||
December 31, 2024 |
| | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | ( |
| | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | |
Net loss | | — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — |
| — | |
| — | |
| ( | |
| ( | | | ( | | | ( |
Other comprehensive loss | | — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| ( |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | | | ( | | | — | | | ( |
Stock-based compensation | | | |
| | |
| | |
| — |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| | | | — | | | |
Public offerings, common stock, net of issuance costs | | | | | | | | | | | — | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
Stock option exercises and issuance of common stock upon grant/vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards | | ( | |
| ( | |
| | |
| — |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | | | — | | | — |
Treasury stock acquired from employees upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | ( | | | — | | | ( | | | — | | | ( |
Provision for common stock warrants | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
Additional paid-in capital due to contributions to consolidated VIE | | — | | | — | | | ( | | | — | | — | | | — | | | — | | | ( | | | | | | — |
Principal payment of convertible debenture settled in common stock | | | | | | | | | | | — | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
March 31, 2025 |
| | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | ( |
| | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | |
Net loss | | — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — |
| — | |
| — | |
| ( | |
| ( | | | ( | | | ( |
Other comprehensive income | | — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | | | | | | — | | | |
Stock-based compensation | | | |
| | |
| | |
| — |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| | | | — | | | |
Warrants issued with 15.00% Secured Debenture | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
Stock option exercises and issuance of common stock upon grant/vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards | | ( | |
| ( | |
| | |
| — |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | | | — | | | — |
Treasury stock acquired from employees upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | ( | | | — | | | ( | | | — | | | ( |
Provision for common stock warrants | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
Additional paid-in capital due to contributions to consolidated VIE | | — | | | — | | | ( | | | — | | — | | | — | | | — | | | ( | | | | | | — |
Contributions by non-controlling interest | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | |
Principal payment of convertible debenture settled in common stock | | | | | | | | | | | — | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
Exercises of pre-funded warrants | | | | | | | | ( | | | — | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
Expiration of common stock forward and retirement of related shares | | ( | | | ( | | | ( | | | — | | ( | | | | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — |
June 30, 2025 |
| | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | |
| | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2023 |
| | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | ( |
| | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | | | $ | — | | $ | |
Net loss | | — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — |
| — | |
| — | |
| ( | |
| ( | | | — | | | ( |
Other comprehensive loss | | — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| ( |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | | | ( | | | — | | | ( |
Stock-based compensation | | | |
| | |
| | |
| — |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| | | | — | | | |
Public offerings, common stock, net of issuance costs | | | | | | | | | | | — | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
Stock option exercises and issuance of common stock upon grant/vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards | | ( | |
| ( | |
| | |
| — |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| | | | — | | | |
Treasury stock acquired from employees upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | ( | | | — | | | ( | | | — | | | ( |
Provision for common stock warrants | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
March 31, 2024 |
| | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | ( |
| | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | | | $ | — | | $ | |
Net loss | | — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| — |
| — | |
| — | |
| ( | |
| ( | | | — | | | ( |
Other comprehensive loss | | — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | | | | | | — | | | |
Stock-based compensation | | | |
| | |
| | |
| — |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| | | | — | | | |
Public offerings, common stock, net of issuance costs | | | | | | | | | | | — | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
Stock option exercises and issuance of common stock upon grant/vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards | | | |
| | |
| | |
| — |
| — | |
| — | |
| — | |
| | | | — | | | |
Treasury stock acquired from employees upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | ( | | | — | | | ( | | | — | | | ( |
Earnouts from acquisitions paid in stock | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for common stock warrants | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | | |
June 30, 2024 |
| | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | ( |
| | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | | | $ | — | | $ | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Plug Power Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | |
| Six months ended | ||||
| June 30, | ||||
| 2025 | | 2024 | ||
Operating activities | | | | | |
Net loss | $ | ( | | $ | ( |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | | |
Depreciation of long-lived assets |
| | |
| |
Amortization of intangible assets |
| | |
| |
Lower of cost or net realizable value inventory adjustments and provision for excess and obsolete inventory | | | | | |
Stock-based compensation |
| | |
| |
Loss on extinguishment of convertible debt instruments and debt | | | | | |
Provision/(recoveries) for losses on accounts receivable | | | | | ( |
Amortization of premium of debt issuance costs on convertible debt instruments and long-term debt | | ( | | | ( |
Provision for common stock warrants | | | | | |
Deferred income tax benefit | | — | | | ( |
Impairment | | | | | |
(Recovery)/loss on service contracts | | ( | | | |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration | | ( | | | ( |
Lease origination costs | | — | | | ( |
Change in fair value of convertible debenture | | ( | | | — |
Change in fair value of debt | | | | | — |
Loss on equity method investments |
| | |
| |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities that provide/(use) cash: | | | | | |
Accounts receivable | | | | | |
Inventory |
| | |
| ( |
Contract assets |
| ( | |
| ( |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | | | | | ( |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities |
| ( | |
| ( |
Payments of contingent consideration | | ( | | | ( |
Payments of operating lease liability, net | | ( | | | — |
Deferred revenue and other contract liabilities | | ( | | | ( |
Net cash used in operating activities |
| ( | |
| ( |
| | | | | |
Investing activities | | | | | |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment |
| ( | |
| ( |
Purchases of equipment related to power purchase agreements and equipment related to fuel delivered to customers | | ( | | | ( |
Cash paid for non-consolidated entities and non-marketable equity securities | | ( | | | ( |
Net cash used in investing activities |
| ( | |
| ( |
| | | | | |
Financing activities | | | | | |
Payments of contingent consideration | | — | | | ( |
Proceeds from public and private offerings, net of transaction costs | | | | | |
Payments of tax withholding on behalf of employees for net stock settlement of stock-based compensation | | ( | | | ( |
Contributions by non-controlling interest | | | | | — |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | | — | | | |
Principal payments on convertible debentures | | ( | | | — |
Proceeds from debt issuance | | | | | — |
Premium on principal of convertible debenture settled in cash | | ( | | | — |
Principal payments on long-term debt | | ( | | | ( |
Cash paid for closing fees related to DOE loan guarantee | | ( | | | — |
Principal repayments of finance obligations and finance leases | | ( | | | ( |
Net cash provided by financing activities |
| | |
| |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |
| ( | |
| |
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents |
| ( | |
| ( |
Decrease in restricted cash | | ( | | | ( |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash beginning of period |
| | |
| |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash end of period | $ | | | $ | |
| | | | | |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information | | | | | |
Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest of $ | $ | | | $ | |
| | | | | |
Summary of non-cash activity | | | | | |
Recognition of right of use asset - finance leases | | — | | | |
Recognition of right of use asset - operating leases | | | | | |
Principal payment on convertible debenture paid in common stock | | | | | — |
Net transfers between inventory and long-lived assets | | | | | |
Contributions of property, plant, and equipment from non-controlling interest | | | | | — |
Earnouts from acquisitions paid in common stock and warrants | | — | | | |
Purchases of long lived asset from financing agreement | | — | | | |
Accrued purchase of fixed assets, cash to be paid in subsequent period | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
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1. Nature of Operations
Plug Power Inc. (the “Company,” “Plug,” “we” or “our”) is facilitating the paradigm shift to an increasingly electrified world by innovating cutting-edge hydrogen and fuel cell solutions. While we continue to develop commercially viable hydrogen and fuel cell product solutions, we have expanded our offerings to support a variety of commercial operations that can be powered with clean hydrogen. We provide electrolyzers that allow customers — such as refineries, producers of chemicals, steel, fertilizer and commercial refueling stations — to generate hydrogen on-site. We are focusing our efforts on (a) industrial mobility applications, including electric forklifts and electric industrial vehicles, at multi shift high volume manufacturing and high throughput distribution sites where we believe our products and services provide a unique combination of productivity, flexibility, and environmental benefits; and (b) production of hydrogen. Plug expects to support these products and customers with an ecosystem of vertically integrated products that produce, transport, store and handle, dispense, and use hydrogen for mobility and power applications.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company has continued to experience negative cash flows from operations and net losses. The Company incurred net losses of approximately $
The future use of our available liquidity will be based upon the ongoing review of the funding needs of our businesses, the optimal allocation of our resources, and the timing of cash flow generation. To the extent that we desire to access alternative sources of capital, market conditions could adversely impact our ability to do so at that time and at terms favorable to the Company.
The Company has an “at-the-market” equity offering program with B. Riley Securities, Inc. (“B. Riley”) pursuant to which the Company may, from time to time, offer and sell through or to B. Riley, as sales agent or principal, shares of the Company’s common stock, having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $
The Company has also entered into a Standby Equity Purchase Agreement (the “SEPA”) with Yorkville, pursuant to which the Company has the right, at its option, to sell to Yorkville up to $
On March 20, 2025, the Company sold
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ended June 30, 2025, the Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised for
On May 5, 2025, the Company issued the initial tranche of secured debentures (the “
In addition to the proceeds described above, the Company expects to have savings resulting from the restructuring plan announced in March 2025 (the “2025 Restructuring Plan”). The 2025 Restructuring Plan includes initiatives to reduce our workforce, realign the Company’s manufacturing footprint and streamline the organization to enhance operational efficiency and improve overall liquidity. The expected annual savings from the 2025 Restructuring Plan are expected to be significant and began to be realized in the second half of 2025.
The Company believes that its working capital, cash position and restricted cash to be released over the next 12 months, together with other key assumptions, support the Company’s conclusion that they have sufficient capital to fund its on-going operations for a period of at least 12 months subsequent to the issuance of the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. Key assumptions are based on factors such as forecasted sales and costs, amortization requirements of the Company’s finance obligations, the Company’s right to direct B. Riley to purchase shares from the Company under the “at-the-market” equity offering program, the Company’s right to direct Yorkville to purchase shares from the Company under the SEPA, the Company’s ability to access sufficient shares within the next twelve months by implementing a reverse stock split, which was approved by its stockholders at the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders on July 3, 2025, and the Company’s ability to access additional debt pursuant to the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement with Yorkville.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, we include our share of the results of our joint ventures with Renault SAS (“Renault”) named HyVia SAS (“HyVia”), a French société par actions simplifiée (prior period only), Acciona Generación Renovable, S.A. in Spain, named AccionaPlug S.L., and SK Innovation Co., Ltd, successor in interest to SK E&S Co., Ltd. in South Korea, named SK Plug Hyverse, and our investment in Clean H2 Infra Fund using the equity method based on our economic ownership interest and our ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial decisions of HyVia,
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AccionaPlug S.L., SK Plug Hyverse and Clean H2 Infra Fund. Additionally, we consolidated the results of our joint venture with Niloco Hydrogen Holdings LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Olin Corporation (“Olin”), named Hidrogenii.
Interim Financial Statements
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented, have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.
Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the “2024 Form 10-K”).
The information presented in the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 has been derived from the Company’s 2024 audited consolidated financial statements.
Impairment
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded impairment charges related to the strategic exit of material handling investments at customer sites impacting equipment related to power purchase agreements and fuel delivered to customers, net of $
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance
There have been no significant changes in our reported financial position or results of operations and cash flows resulting from the adoption of new accounting pronouncements.
Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Effective
In May 2025, Accounting Standards Update 2025-04 (“ASU 2025-04”), Clarifications to Share-Based Consideration Payable to a Customer, was issued to reduce diversity in practice and improve the decision usefulness and operability of the guidance for share-based consideration payable to a customer in conjunction with selling goods or services. This standard is effective for annual periods, including interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2026 with early adoption permitted. The Company has not yet adopted ASU 2025-04 and is still evaluating the impact of the adoption on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
In July 2025, Accounting Standards Update 2025-05 (“ASU 2025-05”), Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, was issued to address challenges encountered when applying the guidance in Topic 326 to current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606. This standard introduces a practical expedient for entities that assumes that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset. This standard is effective for annual periods, including interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods, beginning after December
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15, 2025 with early adoption permitted. The Company has not yet adopted ASU 2025-05 and is still evaluating the impact of the adoption on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
Other than the accounting standards mentioned above and in our 2024 Form 10-K, all issued but not yet effective accounting and reporting standards as of June 30, 2025 are either not applicable to the Company or are not expected to have a material impact on the Company.
3. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per common stock are computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. Since the Company is in a net loss position, all common stock equivalents would be considered anti-dilutive and are therefore not included in the determination of diluted earnings per share. Accordingly, basic and diluted loss per share are the same.
As of June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company had potentially dilutive shares of common stock totaling
4. Inventory
Inventory as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consisted of the following (in thousands):
| | | | | |
| June 30, |
| December 31, | ||
| 2025 | | 2024 | ||
Raw materials and supplies - production locations | $ | | | $ | |
Raw materials and supplies - customer locations | | | | | |
Work-in-process |
| | |
| |
Finished goods |
| | |
| |
Inventory | $ | | | $ | |
Inventory is comprised of raw materials and supplies, work-in-process, and finished goods. The Company has recorded reductions to inventory which comprised of excess and obsolete items and related lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments of $
5. Intangible Assets
The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of June 30, 2025 were as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Weighted Average | | Gross Carrying | | Accumulated | | | | ||
|
| Amortization Period |
| Amount |
| Amortization |
| Total | |||
Acquired technology |
|
| $ | | | $ | ( | | $ | | |
Dry stack electrolyzer technology | | | | | | | ( | | | | |
Customer relationships, trade name, and other | | |
| | | | ( | | | | |
| | | | $ | | | $ | ( | | $ | |
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The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Weighted Average | | Gross Carrying | | Accumulated | | | | ||
|
| Amortization Period |
| Amount |
| Amortization |
| Total | |||
Acquired technology |
| | $ | | | $ | ( | | $ | | |
Dry stack electrolyzer technology | | | | | | | ( | | | | |
Customer relationships, trade name, and other |
| |
| | | | ( | |
| | |
| | | | $ | | | $ | ( | | $ | |
The change in the gross carrying amount of the acquired technology and customer relationships, trade name and other during the six months ended June 30, 2025 was primarily due to foreign currency translation.
Amortization expense for acquired identifiable intangible assets during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $
The estimated amortization expense for subsequent years as of June 30, 2025 is as follows (in thousands):
| | |
Remainder of 2025 | $ | |
2026 | | |
2027 | | |
2028 | | |
2029 | | |
2030 and thereafter | | |
Total | $ | |
6. Investments
Investments in Non-consolidated Entities and Non-marketable Equity Securities
Non-marketable Equity Securities
Our investment in non-marketable equity securities was $
Equity Method Investments
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company accounted for the following investments in the investee’s common stock under the equity method, which are included in the investments in non-consolidated entities and non-marketable equity securities on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets (amounts in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | As of June 30, 2025 | | As of December 31, 2024 | ||||||
|
| Formation |
| Common Stock | | Carrying |
| Common Stock |
| Carrying | ||
Investee | | Date | | Ownership % | | Value | | Ownership % | | Value | ||
AccionaPlug S.L. | | Q4 2021 | | | | | | | | | ||
Clean H2 Infra Fund | | Q4 2021 | | | | | | | | | ||
SK Plug Hyverse | | Q1 2022 | | | | | | | | | ||
| | | | | | $ | | | | | $ | |
During the second quarter of 2025, the Company performed an evaluation of one of its equity method investments due to a decline in market conditions and determined that an other-than-temporary impairment exists as of June 30, 2025. The Company determined that its ability and intent to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any
12
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anticipated recovery in fair value resulted in an other-than-temporary impairment. The estimated fair value was based largely on the future cash flows expected to be generated by the investment using unobservable data points.
As a result, the Company recorded a loss of $
During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company contributed approximately $
During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company contributed approximately $
The Company’s capital commitments related to its equity method investments as of June 30, 2025 was $
7. Fair Value Measurements
The Company records the fair value of assets and liabilities in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 defines fair value as the price received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability. The fair value should be calculated based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, not on assumptions specific to the entity.
In addition to defining fair value, ASC 820 expands the disclosure requirements around fair value and establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of the three levels, which is determined by the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
These levels are:
| ● | Level 1 — quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
| ● | Level 2 — quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. |
| ● | Level 3 — unobservable inputs reflecting management’s own assumptions about the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability at fair value. |
There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 during the six months ended June 30, 2025. Financial instruments not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis include equity method investments that have not been remeasured or impaired in the current period, such as our investments in AccionaPlug S.L. and Clean H2 Infra Fund. For the one equity method investment that was measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, refer to Note 6, “Investments”, for further information.
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The following table summarizes the carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of June 30, 2025 | |||||||||||||
| | Carrying | | Fair | | Fair Value Measurements | |||||||||
|
| Amount |
| Value |
| Level 1 |
| Level 2 |
| Level 3 | |||||
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | — | | | — | | | | |
Contingent consideration | | | | | | | | | — | | | — | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||
| | Carrying | | Fair | | Fair Value Measurements | |||||||||
|
| Amount |
| Value |
| Level 1 |
| Level 2 |
| Level 3 | |||||
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| $ | | | $ | | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | | |
Contingent consideration | | | | | | | | | — | | | — | | | |
The liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis that have unobservable inputs and are therefore categorized as Level 3 are related to the
The fair value of the
The Company estimated and recorded the fair value of the
Refer to Note 8, “Long Term Debt”, for the change in the carrying amount of the
Contingent consideration
The fair value of contingent consideration as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is related to the Joule Processing LLC (“Joule”) acquisition in 2022 and the Frames Holding B.V. (“Frames”) acquisition in 2021.
In the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets, contingent consideration was recorded in the contingent consideration, loss accrual for service contracts, and other current liabilities and contingent consideration, loss accrual for service contracts, and other liabilities financial statement line items and was comprised of the following unobservable inputs as of June 30, 2025:
| | | | | | | | | |
Financial Instrument | | Fair Value | | Valuation Technique |
| Unobservable Input |
| Range (weighted average) | |
Contingent consideration | | $ | | | Scenario-based method | | Credit spread | | |
| | | | | | | Discount rate | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
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In the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets, contingent consideration was recorded in the contingent consideration, loss accrual for service contracts, and other current liabilities and contingent consideration, loss accrual for service contracts, and other liabilities financial statement line items and was comprised of the following unobservable inputs as of December 31, 2024:
| | | | | | | | | |
Financial Instrument |
| Fair Value |
| Valuation Technique |
| Unobservable Input |
| Range (weighted average) | |
Contingent consideration | | $ | | | Scenario-based method | | Credit spread | | |
| | | | | | | Discount rate | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
The change in the carrying amount of contingent consideration during the six months ended June 30, 2025 was as follows (in thousands):
| | | |
|
| Six months ended | |
| | June 30, 2025 | |
Beginning balance as of December 31, 2024 | | $ | |
Cash payments | | | ( |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration | | | ( |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | |
| |
Ending balance as of March 31, 2025 | | $ | |
Cash payments | | | ( |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration | | | ( |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | |
| |
Ending balance as of June 30, 2025 | | $ | |
The fair value of the
The fair value of the
Refer to Note 9, “Convertible Debt Instruments”, for the change in the carrying amount of the
8. Long Term Debt
On May 5, 2025, the Company issued the initial tranche of the
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payment in full on April 30, 2027; however, Yorkville is permitted to defer amortization payments under the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement, in which case such deferred amortization payments will be paid on the final maturity date of May 1, 2028. Under the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement, Yorkville is committed to purchase a second tranche of the
In connection with the closing of the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement, within five days of the date on which the Company obtains stockholder approval to increase the number of its authorized shares of common stock or to complete a reverse stock split, the Company agreed to issue to Yorkville the
The following table shows change in the carrying amount of the
| | | |
| | Three months ended | |
|
| June 30, 2025 | |
Fair value of principal received at issuance | | $ | |
Change in fair value of debt | | | |
Amortization of discount | | | |
Ending balance as of June 30, 2025 | | $ | |
As of June 30, 2025, the
As of June 30, 2025, the outstanding principal on the debt was $
| | | |
December 31, 2025 |
| | |
December 31, 2026 | | | |
December 31, 2027 | | | |
Total outstanding principal | | $ | |
The following table summarizes the total interest expense and effective interest rate related to the
| | |
| Three months ended | |
| June 30, 2025 | |
Interest expense | $ | |
Amortization of discount | | |
Total | $ | |
Effective interest rate | | |
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9. Convertible Debt Instruments
On November 11, 2024, the Company entered into the Debenture Purchase Agreement pursuant to which the Company issued to Yorkville the
In certain circumstances, Yorkville is permitted to convert up to $
The following table shows change in the carrying amount of the
| | | |
| | Six months ended | |
|
| June 30, 2025 | |
Beginning balance as of December 31, 2024 | | $ | |
Payments of principal settled in cash | | | ( |
Payment of principal settled in common stock | | | ( |
Loss on settlement of principal | | | |
Change in fair value of the convertible debenture | | | |
Amortization of discount | | | |
Ending balance as of March 31, 2025 | | $ | |
Payments of principal settled in cash | | | ( |
Payment of principal settled in common stock | | | ( |
Loss on settlement of principal | | | |
Change in fair value of the convertible debenture | | | ( |
Amortization of discount | | | |
Ending balance as of June 30, 2025 | | $ | |
The Company incurred losses on extinguishment of convertible debt instruments and debt of $5.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, of which $
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The following table summarizes the total interest expense and effective interest rate related to the
| | | | | |
| Three months ended | | Six months ended | ||
| June 30, 2025 | | June 30, 2025 | ||
Interest expense | $ | | | $ | |
Amortization of discount | | | | | |
Total | $ | | | $ | |
Effective interest rate | | | | ||
As of June 30, 2025 and December 2024, the
| | | | | | |
|
| June 30, 2025 |
| December 31, 2024 | ||
Principal amounts: | | | | | | |
Principal | | $ | | | $ | |
Unamortized debt premium, net of offering costs(1) | | | | | | |
Net carrying amount | | $ | | | $ | |
| (1) | Included in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets within convertible debt instruments, net and amortized over the remaining life of the notes using the effective interest rate method. |
As of June 30, 2025, the
The following table summarizes the total interest expense and effective interest rate related to the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | | Six months ended | ||||||||
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 |
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 | ||||
Interest expense | $ | | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | |
Amortization of premium | | ( | | | ( | | | ( | | | ( |
Total | $ | | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | |
Effective interest rate | | | | | | | | ||||
There were
During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company paid cash of $
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The following table summarizes the total interest expense and effective interest rate related to the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | | Six months ended | ||||||||
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 |
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 | ||||
Interest expense | $ | | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | $ | | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | |
Effective interest rate | | | | | | | | ||||
There were
10. Extended Maintenance Contracts and Warranty Reserve
Loss Accrual
On a quarterly basis, we evaluate any potential losses related to our extended maintenance contracts for sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other that have been sold.
| | | | | | |
| | Six months ended | | Year ended | ||
|
| June 30, 2025 |
| December 31, 2024 | ||
Beginning balance | | $ | | | $ | |
(Benefit)/provision for loss accrual | | | ( | | | |
Releases to service cost of sales | | | ( | | | ( |
Increase to loss accrual related to customer warrants | | | | | | |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | | | | | | ( |
Ending balance | | $ | | | $ | |
The Company recorded a benefit for loss accrual during the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily due to reductions in cost to service our GenDrive units and improvements on forecasted future costs.
Product Warranty Reserve
On a quarterly basis, we evaluate our product warranty reserve. The Company applies a failure rate based on product type on a contract-by-contract basis to determine its product warranty reserve liability. The Company’s product warranty reserve liability balance as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $
11. Stockholders’ Equity
On July 8, 2025, the Company issued to Yorkville the
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The assumptions used to calculate the valuation of the
| | |
| | May 5, 2025 |
Risk-free interest rate | | |
Volatility | | |
Expected average term (years) | | |
Exercise price | | $ |
Stock price | | $ |
The fair value per share of the
March 2025 Offering
On March 20, 2025, the Company sold to several underwriters in a registered direct offering
The Pre-Funded Warrants became exercisable immediately following the closing date of the Offering with a term of three years and an exercise price of $
Each Common Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant is exercisable solely by means of a cash exercise, except that a Common Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant will be exercisable via cashless exercise if at the time of exercise, a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the Common Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants under the Securities Act is not then effective or the prospectus contained therein is not available. The Common Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants include certain rights upon “fundamental transactions” as described in the Common Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants, including the right of the holders thereof to receive from the Company or a successor entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion) that is being offered and paid to the holders of common stock in such fundamental transaction with respect to the unexercised portion of the applicable Common Warrants or Pre-Funded Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. Alternatively, the holder of a Common Warrant shall have the right to receive the cash value of the remaining unexercised portion of its Common Warrants upon a fundamental transaction, such value to be calculated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, as described in the Common Warrants. A holder of the Common Warrants or Pre-Funded Warrants (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of a Common Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant to the extent that the holder would beneficially own more than
The Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants are freestanding financial instruments that are legally detachable and separately exercisable from the shares of common stock with which they were issued, do not embody an obligation for the Company to repurchase its shares, and permit the holders to receive a fixed number of shares of common stock upon exercise.
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As of the issuance date, the common stock was valued at $
| | | | |
| | Pre-Funded | | Common |
| | Warrants | | Warrants |
Risk-free interest rate | | | ||
Volatility | | | ||
Expected average term (years) | | | ||
Exercise price | | $ | | $ |
Stock price | | $ | | $ |
Common Stock
On January 17, 2024, the Company entered into the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “ATM Sales Agreement”) with B. Riley, pursuant to which the Company may, from time to time, offer and sell through or to B. Riley, as sales agent or principal, shares of the Company’s common stock, having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) is comprised of foreign currency translation gains and losses. There were
Net current-period other comprehensive income for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased due to foreign currency translation gains of $
12. Share-Based Consideration Payable to a Customer
Amazon Transaction Agreement in 2022
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the balance of the contract asset related to the warrant was $
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024,
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Amazon Transaction Agreement in 2017
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, all
Walmart Transaction Agreement
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the balance of the contract asset related to the warrant was $
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024,
13. Revenue
Disaggregation of revenue
The following table provides information about disaggregation of revenue (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | | Six months ended | ||||||||
Major products/services lines | June 30, | | June 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 |
| 2024 |
| 2025 |
| 2024 | ||||
Sales of fuel cell systems | $ | | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | |
Sales of hydrogen infrastructure | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales of electrolyzers | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales of engineered equipment | | | | | | | | | | | |
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure | | | | | | | | | | | |
Power purchase agreements | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales of cryogenic equipment and liquefiers | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenue | $ | | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | |
Contract balances
Contract assets primarily relate to contracts for which revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis; however, billings escalate over the life of a contract. Contract assets also include amounts recognized as revenue in advance of billings to customers, which are dependent upon the satisfaction of another performance obligation. These amounts are included in contract assets on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The deferred revenue and other contract liabilities relate to the advance consideration received from customers for services that will be recognized over time (primarily fuel cell and related infrastructure services and electrolyzer systems and solutions). Deferred revenue and other contract liabilities also include advance consideration received from
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customers prior to delivery of products. These amounts are included within deferred revenue and other contract liabilities on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Significant changes in the contract assets and the deferred revenue and other contract liabilities balances during the period are as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | |
Contract assets | Six months ended | | Year ended | ||
| June 30, 2025 |
| December 31, 2024 | ||
Transferred to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period | $ | ( | | $ | ( |
Change in contract assets related to warrants | | ( | | | ( |
Foreign currency translation gain | | | | | — |
Impairment | | — | | | ( |
Revenue recognized and not billed as of the end of the period | | | | | |
Net change in contract assets | $ | | | $ | ( |
| | | | | |
Deferred revenue and other contract liabilities | Six months ended | | Year ended | ||
| June 30, 2025 |
| December 31, 2024 | ||
Increases due to customer billings, net of amounts recognized as revenue during the period | $ | | | $ | |
Change in contract liabilities related to warrants | | | | | |
Foreign currency translation loss | | | | | — |
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance as of the beginning of the period | | ( | | | ( |
Net change in deferred revenue and other contract liabilities | $ | ( | | $ | ( |
Estimated future revenue
The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period, including provision for common stock warrants (in thousands):
| | | | | |
| As of | | Expected recognition | ||
| June 30, 2025 |
| period (years) | ||
Sales of fuel cell systems | $ | | | | |
Sales of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure | | | | | |
Sales of electrolyzers | | | | | |
Sales of engineered equipment | | | | | |
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure | | | | | |
Power purchase agreements | | | | | |
Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment | | | | | |
Sales of cryogenic equipment and other | | | | | |
Total estimated future revenue | $ | | | | |
14. Income Taxes
The Company recorded $
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of the net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as a component of income tax expense.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted into law, modifying various federal clean energy tax provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”), including the allowance of immediate expensing of qualifying research and development expenses and permanent extensions of certain provisions within the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The most significant impacts of the OBBBA to the Company are related to Section 45V Credit for Production of Clean Hydrogen, which will be available for clean hydrogen facilities beginning construction before January 1, 2028 and the Section 48E Investment Tax Credit which provides for a 30% investment tax credit for “qualified fuel cell property” from 2026 to 2032. The Company is evaluating the provisions of the OBBBA and its impact on its business.
15. Employee Benefit Plans
2011 and 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan
Stock-based compensation costs recognized, excluding the Company’s matching contributions of $
The components and classification of stock-based compensation expense, excluding the Company’s matching contributions to the Plug Power Inc. 401(k) Savings & Retirement Plan and quarterly Board compensation, were as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | | Six months ended | ||||||||
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 |
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 | ||||
Cost of sales | $ | | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | |
Research and development | | | | | | | | | | | |
Selling, general and administrative | | | | | | | | | | | |
| $ | | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | |
Service Stock Options Awards
During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company granted
Compensation cost associated with service stock option awards represented approximately $
Compensation cost associated with service stock option awards represented approximately $
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Market Condition Stock Option Awards
During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company did not grant market condition stock option awards. In addition,
Compensation cost associated with market condition stock option awards represented approximately $
Compensation cost associated with market condition stock option awards represented approximately $
As of June 30, 2025, there were
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Awards
The following table reflects the restricted stock and restricted stock unit activity during the six months ended June 30, 2025 (in thousands except share amounts):
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | Weighted | | Aggregate | ||
| | | | Average Grant Date | | Intrinsic | ||
|
| Shares |
| Fair Value |
| Value | ||
Unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units as of December 31, 2024 | | | | $ | | | $ | |
Granted | | | | | | | | — |
Vested | | ( | | | | | | — |
Forfeited | | ( | | | | | | — |
Unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units as of June 30, 2025 | | | | $ | | | $ | |
The weighted average grant-date fair value of the restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards granted during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $
Compensation cost associated with restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards represented approximately $
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Compensation cost associated with restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards represented approximately $
401(k) Savings & Retirement Plan
The Company issued
The Company’s expense for this plan was approximately $
Non-Employee Director Compensation
The Company granted
The Company’s share-based compensation expense in connection with non-employee director compensation was approximately $
The Company determined that due to certain administrative expenses incurred by Mr. McNamee those expenses up to an amount of $
16. Commitments and Contingencies
Restricted Cash
In connection with certain of the noted sale/leaseback agreements, cash of $
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had $
The Company also had $
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Litigation
Legal matters are handled in the ordinary course of business. The outcome of any such matters, regardless of the merits, is inherently uncertain; therefore, assessing the likelihood of loss and any estimated damages is difficult and subject to considerable judgment. Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. While we are not in a position to accurately predict the outcome of any legal or other proceedings, where there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss may be incurred, GAAP requires us to disclose an estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss, if material, or make a statement that such an estimate cannot be made. A reasonably possible loss or range of loss associated with any individual legal proceeding cannot be currently estimated.
Securities Litigation and Related Stockholder Derivative Litigation
2021 Securities Action and Related Derivative Litigation
One action is pending in which alleged stockholders of the Company assert claims derivatively, on the Company’s behalf, based on allegations and claims that were asserted in In re Plug Power, Inc. Securities Litigation, No. 1:21-cv-2004 (S.D.N.Y.), an earlier putative securities class action that is no longer pending (the “2021 Securities Action”). In an opinion and order entered in August 2023, the district court dismissed the 2021 Securities Action with prejudice, and the plaintiffs in that action did not appeal.
A consolidated stockholder derivative action relating to the claims and allegations in the 2021 Securities Action is pending in the Court of Chancery for the State of Delaware, styled In re Plug Power Inc. Stockholder Derivative Litigation, Cons. C.A. No. 2022-0569-KSJM (Del. Ch.). By stipulation and order, the action was stayed until motions to dismiss were finally resolved in the 2021 Securities Action. On March 8, 2024, the alleged stockholder plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended complaint asserting claims against our officers Andrew J. Marsh, Paul B. Middleton, Gerard L. Conway, Jr., and Keith Schmid, and against our current or former directors George C. McNamee, Gary K. Willis, Maureen O. Helmer, Johannes M. Roth, Gregory L. Kenausis, Lucas Schneider, and Jonathan Silver. The Company is named as nominal defendant. Primarily based on allegations in the 2021 Securities Action, the plaintiffs assert claims against the individual defendants for alleged breaches of fiduciary duty, disgorgement, and unjust enrichment based on alleged transactions in the Company’s securities while allegedly in possession of material non-public information concerning (i) the Company’s financial accounting prior to the announcement that the Company would need to restate certain financial statements and (ii) the potential amendment and termination of a warrant agreement between the Company and a significant customer. On May 10, 2024, the Company, as nominal defendant, and all of the individual defendants filed a motion to dismiss (a) for failure to make a pre-suit demand or to adequately allege demand futility and (b) by the individual defendants, for failure to state a claim. Oral argument on the motion was held on November 4, 2024. In a memorandum opinion and order entered on May 2, 2025, the Court granted all defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint for failure to make a demand or to adequately alleged demand futility. Plaintiffs initially filed a notice of appeal from that decision, but on June 25, 2025, plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed their appeal.
2023 Securities Action and Related Derivative Litigation
A consolidated action is pending in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware asserting claims under the federal securities laws against the Company and certain of its senior officers on behalf of a putative class of purchasers of the Company’s securities, styled In re Plug Power, Inc. Securities Litigation, No. 1:23-cv-00576-MN (the “2023 Securities Action”). The plaintiffs filed a consolidated complaint on September 28, 2023, in which they assert claims under the federal securities laws against the Company and four of its senior officers, Mr. Marsh, Mr. Middleton, Sanjay Shrestha, and former officer David Mindnich, on behalf of a putative class of purchasers of the Company’s common stock between January 19, 2022 and March 1, 2023. The complaint alleges that the defendants made “materially false and/or misleading statements” about the Company’s business and operations, including the Company’s revenue goals for 2022, its ability to effectively manage its supply chain and product manufacturing, and its progress in construction of new hydrogen production capacity. On February 4, 2025, the Court issued an opinion and order dismissing the consolidated
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complaint, with leave to replead. The plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on February 25, 2025, in which they no longer name Mr. Mindnich, but otherwise substantially release the previous claims. The Company and the other defendants filed a Motion to Dismiss on April 30, 2025 and briefing was completed on July 23, 2025.
Beginning on September 13, 2023, three separate actions were filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware and in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York asserting claims derivatively, on behalf of the Company, against certain former and current Company officers and directors based on the allegations and claims in the 2023 Securities Action. Those cases have been consolidated in the District of Delaware under the caption In re Plug Power, Inc. Stockholder Deriv. Litig., No. 1:23-cv-01007-MN (D. Del.). The defendants named in the constituent complaint were Mr. Marsh, Mr. Middleton, Mr. Mindnich, Martin Hull, Ms. Helmer, Mr. Kenausis, Mr. McNamee, Mr. Schneider, Mr. Silver, Mr. Willis, and current or former directors Jean Bua, Kavita Mahtani, and Kyungyeol Song. In an order entered on April 26, 2024, the Court approved the parties’ stipulation to stay all proceedings until motions to dismiss have been resolved in the 2023 Securities Action.
2024 Securities Litigation
On March 22, 2024, Ete Adote filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York asserting claims under the federal securities laws against the Company, Mr. Marsh, and Mr. Middleton, on behalf of an alleged class of purchasers of the Company’s common stock between May 9, 2023 and January 16, 2024, styled Adote v. Plug Power, Inc. et al., No. 1:24-cv-00406-MAD-DJS (N.D.N.Y.). The complaint alleges that the defendants made misstatements concerning the Company’s progress in construction of new hydrogen production capacity and its ability to effectively manage its supply chain. On April 30, 2024, a second complaint asserting substantially similar claims against the same defendants, but on behalf of a putative class of purchasers of the Company’s common stock between March 1, 2023 and January 16, 2024, was filed in the Northern District of New York, styled Lee v. Plug Power, et al., No. 1:24;cv-0598-MAD-DJS (N.D.N.Y.). The Court has approved stipulations in both actions extending the time for all defendants to respond to any pleading until after the Court appoints lead plaintiff(s). Appeals from an order appointing lead plaintiffs were denied on July 11, 2025. The Court has directed the lead plaintiffs to file their consolidated amended complaint by August 25, 2025.
Other Litigation
On July 24, 2023, an action entitled Felton v. Plug Power, Inc., Case No. 1:23-cv-887, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York asserting claims against the Company pursuant to the New York State Human Rights Law. The complaint asserts that the plaintiff is seeking damages to redress injuries suffered as a result of harassment and discrimination on the basis of his race, together with creating a hostile work environment, and retaliation. The Company disagrees with plaintiff’s representations about his time at the Company and intends to vigorously defend against his allegations. Plaintiff’s counsel moved to withdraw from the case, which the court approved on March 18, 2024, and therefore plaintiff is now pro se. The discovery deadline was February 28, 2025. Plug Power submitted a motion for summary judgment on April 18, 2025. The parties entered into a settlement agreement that resolves this suit, and the parties filed a stipulation of dismissal with prejudice on June 4, 2025.
On October 23, 2024, a case entitled First Solar, Inc. v. Plug Power Inc., Index No. 655610/2024 was filed in the New York State Supreme Court, New York County, asserting a claim for breach of contract associated with a purchase order for solar panels manufactured by First Solar to be purchased by the Company. The complaint seeks monetary relief along with pre-judgment interest.
DOE Loan Guarantee
On January 16, 2025, Plug Power Energy Loan Borrower LLC, a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of the Company, finalized a loan guarantee of up to $
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million capitalized closing fees, $
Guarantee
On May 30, 2023, HyVia entered into a government grant agreement with Bpifrance. As part of the agreement, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Plug Power France, was required to issue a guarantee to Bpifrance in the amount of €
Unconditional Purchase Obligations
The Company has entered into certain off–balance sheet commitments that require the future purchase of goods or services (“unconditional purchase obligations”). The Company’s unconditional purchase obligations primarily consist of supplier arrangements and take or pay contracts. For certain vendors, the Company’s unconditional obligation to purchase a minimum quantity of raw materials at an agreed upon price is fixed and determinable while certain other raw material costs will vary due to product forecasting and future economic conditions.
Future payments under non-cancellable unconditional purchase obligations with a remaining term in excess of one year as of June 30, 2025 were as follows (in thousands):
| | |
Remainder of 2025 | | |
2026 | | |
2027 | | |
2028 | | — |
2029 | | — |
2030 and thereafter | | — |
Total | | |
The Company is renegotiating a supplier arrangement and expects that it will pay a fee in connection with such renegotiation. In connection, the Company has recorded approximately $
17. Segment Reporting
Our organization is managed from a sales perspective based on “go-to-market” sales channels, emphasizing shared learning across end-user applications and common supplier/vendor relationships. These sales channels are structured to serve a range of customers for our products and services. As a result of this structure, we concluded that we have
The information regularly provided to the CODM used to assess performance and allocate resources is the same as the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The measure of segment profit or loss used by the CODM in assessing
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segment performance and how to allocate resources is consolidated net loss which is presented in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations. The CODM uses net loss in strategic planning, for example, decision making of whether to allocate resources towards strengthening sales channels, investing in research and development, focusing on cost-down initiatives, and/or analyzing Company overhead in respect to specific products and service lines. Net loss is also used to monitor budget versus actual results and is considered in assessments related to company-wide incentive compensation. The significant segment expenses included within the segment measure of profit or loss are total costs of revenue, research and development expense, selling, general and administrative expense, and impairment expense. Other segment items are comprised of restructuring, change in fair value of contingent consideration, interest income, interest expense, other income/(expense), net, loss on extinguishment of convertible debt instruments and debt, change in fair value of convertible debenture, change in fair value of debt, loss on equity method investments, income tax (expense)/benefit and net loss attributable to non-controlling interest, which are presented in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations. The CODM is not regularly provided a measure of segment assets.
The following table presents reported segment revenue, significant segment expenses, other segment items and segment measure of profit/(loss):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three months ended | | Six months ended | ||||||||
|
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 |
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 | ||||
Total net revenue | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | |
Cost of revenue: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( |
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure | | | ( | | | ( | | | ( | | | ( |
Benefit/(provision) for loss contracts related to service | | | | | | ( | | | | | | ( |
Power purchase agreements | | | ( | | | ( | | | ( | | | ( |
Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment | | | ( | | | ( | | | ( | | | ( |
Other costs of revenue | | | ( | | | ( | | | ( | | | ( |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Research and development | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( |
Selling, general and administrative | | | ( | | | ( | | | ( | | | ( |
Impairment | | | ( | | | ( | | | ( | | | ( |
Other segment items, net(1) | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( |
Consolidated net loss attributable to Plug Power Inc. | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( | | $ | ( |
| (1) | Included in other segment items, net are restructuring, change in fair value of contingent consideration, interest income, interest expense, other income/(expense), net, loss on extinguishment of convertible debt instruments and debt, change in fair value of convertible debenture, change in fair value of debt, loss on equity method investments, income tax (expense)/benefit and net loss attributable to non-controlling interest |
18. Related Party Transactions
SK Plug Hyverse
Our
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19. Restructuring
In March 2025, the Company announced the 2025 Restructuring Plan, which included initiatives to reduce our workforce, realign the Company’s manufacturing footprint and streamline the organization to enhance operational efficiency and improve overall liquidity. We began executing the 2025 Restructuring Plan in March 2025 and expect the 2025 Restructuring Plan to be completed in the second half of 2025, subject to local law and consultation requirements.
In February 2024, the Company announced a restructuring plan (the “2024 Restructuring Plan”). The 2024 Restructuring Plan included strategic moves to enhance our financial performance and ensure long-term value creation in a competitive market. We began executing the 2024 Restructuring Plan in February 2024 and it was effectively completed during the fourth quarter of 2024.
During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company incurred $2.9 million and $
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | | Six months ended | ||||||||
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 |
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 | ||||
Employee severance and benefit arrangements | $ | | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | |
Legal and professional fees | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contract termination costs | | | | | — | | | | | | — |
Total restructuring charges | $ | | | $ | | | $ | | | $ | |
The accrued restructuring balances as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were recorded in the accrued expenses financial statement line item in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.
| | | | | |
| | 2025 | | | 2024 |
Accrued balance as of December 31, 2024 | $ | | | $ | |
Accruals and adjustments | | | | | |
Cash payments | | ( | | | — |
Accrued balance as of March 31, 2025 | $ | | | $ | |
Accruals and adjustments | | | | | ( |
Cash payments | | ( | | | — |
Accrued balance as of June 30, 2025 | $ | | | $ | |
As of June 30, 2025, total accrued expenses related to restructuring activities were comprised of (1) $
We estimate that we will incur future restructuring costs of $
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20. Variable Interest Entities
Hidrogenii
In the third quarter of 2022, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Plug Power LA JV, LLC, created a joint venture with Niloco Hydrogen Holdings LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Olin, named Hidrogenii to support reliability of supply and speed to market for hydrogen throughout North America and set the foundation for broader collaboration between Plug and Olin. During the second quarter of 2025, Hidrogenii placed into service a
The Company has determined Hidrogenii to be a VIE, and the Company is considered to be the VIE’s primary beneficiary, as we determined we have both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. On an ongoing basis, we are contractually obligated to certain operational funding. We consolidated the joint venture’s results within our single consolidated reportable segment. Hidrogenii has similar risks to those described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors”, in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.
The VIE’s assets can be used to settle only the VIE’s obligations and the creditors related to the VIE’s liabilities have no recourse against the general credit of the Company.
| | | | | | |
| | As of | ||||
|
| June 30, 2025 |
| December 31, 2024 | ||
Assets |
| | |
| | |
Cash and cash equivalents |
| $ | |
| $ | |
Accounts receivable, net - related party | | | | | | — |
Inventory | | | | | | — |
Prepaid expenses, tax credits and other current assets |
| | — |
| | |
Total current assets |
| | |
| | |
Property, plant, and equipment, net |
| | |
| | |
Total assets |
| | |
| | |
Liabilities |
| | |
| | |
Accounts payable |
| $ | |
| $ | |
Accrued expenses |
| | |
| | |
Total liabilities |
| | |
| | |
Equity |
| | |
| | |
Equity |
| $ | |
| $ | |
Total equity |
| | |
| | |
Total liabilities and equity |
| $ | |
| $ | |
21. Subsequent Events
On July 8, 2025, the Company issued the
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Subsequent to issuance on July 8, 2025, the
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Item 2 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2024 Form 10-K. In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the following discussion contain statements that are not historical facts and are considered forward-looking within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements contain projections of our future results of operations or of our financial position or state other forward-looking information. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “plan,” “potential,” “project” or the negative of such words or other similar words or phrases. We believe that it is important to communicate our future expectations to our investors. However, there may be events in the future that we are not able to accurately predict or control and that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations we describe in our forward-looking statements. Investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on forward-looking statements because they involve risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those discussed as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to:
| ● | the risk that we continue to incur losses and might never achieve or maintain profitability; |
| ● | the risk that we will need to raise additional capital to fund our operations and such capital may not be available to us, or if received, may not be available to us on favorable terms; |
| ● | the risk that we may not be able to expand our business or manage our future growth effectively; |
| ● | our ability to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting; |
| ● | the risk that delays in or not completing our product development and hydrogen plant construction goals may adversely affect our revenue and profitability; |
| ● | the risk that we may not be able to obtain from our hydrogen suppliers a sufficient supply of hydrogen at competitive prices or the risk that we may not be able to produce hydrogen internally at competitive prices; |
| ● | our ability to achieve the forecasted revenue and costs on the sale of our products; |
| ● | the risk that we may not be able to convert all of our estimated future revenue into revenue and cash flows; |
| ● | the risk that purchase orders may not ship, be commissioned or installed and/or converted to revenue, in whole or in part; |
| ● | the risk that some or all of the recorded goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant, and equipment could be subject to impairment; |
| ● | the anticipated benefits and actual savings and costs resulting from the implementation of cost-reduction measures that include workforce reductions and limits on discretionary spending, inventory and capital expenditures; |
| ● | the risks associated with global economic uncertainty, including inflationary pressures, fluctuating interest rates, currency fluctuations, and supply chain disruptions; |
| ● | the risk of elimination, reduction of, or changes in qualifying criteria for government subsidies and economic incentives for alternative energy products, or the nonrenewal of such subsidies and incentives; |
| ● | the risk that the Department of Energy loan may be delayed, or that we may not be able to satisfy all of the technical, legal, environmental or financial conditions acceptable to the Department of Energy to receive the loan; |
| ● | the risks, liabilities, and costs related to environmental, health, and safety matters; |
| ● | the risk that our lack of extensive experience in manufacturing and marketing of certain of our products may impact our ability to manufacture and market said products on a profitable and large-scale commercial basis; |
| ● | the risk that a sale or issuance of a significant number of shares of stock could depress the market price of our common stock; |
| ● | the risk of dilution to our stockholders and/or impact to our stock price should we need to raise additional capital; |
| ● | the risk that negative publicity related to our business or stock could result in a negative impact on our stock value and profitability; |
| ● | our ability to leverage, attract and retain key personnel; |
| ● | the risk related to increased scrutiny and changing expectations from regulators, investors, and others regarding our environmental, social and governance practices and reporting, including those related to workplace diversity, equity and inclusion; |
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| ● | the risk of increased costs associated with legal proceedings and legal compliance; |
| ● | the risk that a loss of one or more of our major customers, or the delay in payment or the failure to pay receivables by one of our major customers, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition; |
| ● | the risk of potential losses related to any contract disputes; |
| ● | the risk of potential losses related to any product liability claims; |
| ● | the cost and timing of developing, marketing, and selling our products; |
| ● | the risks involved with participating in joint ventures, including our ability or inability to execute our strategic growth plan through joint ventures; |
| ● | our ability to obtain arrangements to support the sale or leasing of our products and services to customers, or our power purchase agreements with such customers; |
| ● | the risk that we may not be able to maintain a sufficient level of liquidity to achieve our business objectives or meet our obligations; |
| ● | the cost and availability of fuel and fueling infrastructures for our products; |
| ● | the risk that our convertible senior notes, if settled in cash, could have a material adverse effect on our financial results; |
| ● | the risks related to the use of flammable fuels in our products; |
| ● | market acceptance of our products and services; |
| ● | our ability to establish and maintain relationships with third parties with respect to product development, manufacturing, distribution, and servicing, and the supply of key product components; |
| ● | the cost and availability of components and parts for our products; |
| ● | the risk that possible new tariffs could have a material adverse effect on our business; |
| ● | our ability to develop commercially viable products; |
| ● | our ability to reduce product and manufacturing costs; |
| ● | our ability to successfully market, distribute and service our products and services internationally; |
| ● | our ability to improve system reliability for our products; |
| ● | competitive factors, such as price competition and competition from other traditional and alternative energy companies; |
| ● | our ability to protect our intellectual property; |
| ● | the risks related to our operational dependency on information technology and the risk of the failure of such technology, including failure to effectively prevent, detect, and recover from security compromises or breaches, including cyber-attacks; |
| ● | the cost of complying with current and future federal, state and international governmental regulations; |
| ● | the risks associated with past and potential future acquisitions; |
| ● | the risks associated with geopolitical instability, including the conflicts in the Middle East and between Russia and Ukraine as well as tensions between U.S. and China and neighboring regions; and |
| ● | the volatility of our stock price. |
The risks included here are not exhaustive, and additional factors could adversely affect our business and financial performance, including factors and risks discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included under Part I, Item 1A, in our 2024 Form 10-K and supplemented by Part II, Item 1A of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from these contained in any forward-looking statements. While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which the statements were made. Except as may be required by applicable law, we do not undertake or intend to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
References in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “Plug”, the “Company”, “we”, “our” or “us” refer to Plug Power Inc., including as the context requires, its subsidiaries.
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Overview
Plug is facilitating the paradigm shift to an increasingly electrified world by innovating cutting-edge hydrogen and fuel cell solutions.
While we continue to develop commercially viable hydrogen and fuel cell product solutions, we have expanded our offerings to support a variety of commercial operations that can be powered with clean hydrogen. We provide electrolyzers that allow customers — such as refineries, producers of chemicals, steel, fertilizer and commercial refueling stations — to generate hydrogen on-site. We are focusing our efforts on (a) industrial mobility applications, including electric forklifts and electric industrial vehicles, at multi-shift high volume manufacturing and high throughput distribution sites where we believe our products and services provide a unique combination of productivity, flexibility, and environmental benefits; and (b) production of hydrogen. Plug expects to support these products and customers with an ecosystem of vertically integrated products that produce, transport, store and handle, dispense, and use hydrogen for mobility and power applications.
Our current product and service portfolio includes:
GenDrive: GenDrive is our hydrogen fueled PEM fuel cell system, providing power to material handling EVs, including Class 1, 2, 3 and 6 electric forklifts, automated guided vehicles, and ground support equipment.
GenSure: GenSure is our stationary fuel cell solution providing scalable, modular PEM fuel cell power to support applications on both a small and large power scale. For smaller applications, Plug’s Low Power GenSure supports backup and grid-support application of the telecommunications, transportation, and utility sectors. Our High Power GenSure product line supports large scale stationary power, EV charging infrastructure, and data center markets.
GenFuel: GenFuel is our liquid hydrogen fueling, delivery, generation, storage, and dispensing system.
GenCare: GenCare is our ongoing “Internet of Things”-based maintenance and on-site service program for GenDrive fuel cell systems, GenSure fuel cell systems and GenFuel hydrogen storage and dispensing products.
GenKey: GenKey is our vertically integrated “turn-key” solution combining either GenDrive or GenSure fuel cell power with GenFuel fuel and GenCare aftermarket service, offering complete simplicity to customers transitioning to fuel cell power.
GenEco Electrolyzers: The design and implementation of 5MW and 10MW electrolyzer systems that are modular, scalable hydrogen generators optimized for clean hydrogen production. Electrolyzers generate hydrogen from water using electricity and a special membrane and “green” hydrogen is generated by using renewable energy inputs, such as solar or wind power.
Liquefaction Systems: Plug’s 15 ton-per-day and 30 ton-per-day liquefiers are engineered for high efficiency, reliability, and operational flexibility — providing consistent liquid hydrogen to customers. This design increases plant reliability and availability while minimizing parasitic losses like heat leak and seal gas losses.
Cryogenic Equipment: Engineered equipment including trailers and mobile storage equipment for the distribution of liquified hydrogen, oxygen, argon, nitrogen and other cryogenic gases.
Liquid Hydrogen: Liquid hydrogen provides an efficient fuel alternative to fossil-based energy. We produce liquid hydrogen through our electrolyzer systems and liquefaction systems. Liquid hydrogen supply will be used by customers in material handling operations, fuel cell electric vehicle fleets, and stationary power applications.
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We provide our products and solutions worldwide through our direct sales force, and by leveraging relationships with original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and their dealer networks. Plug is currently targeting Asia, Australia, Europe, Middle East and North America for expansion in adoption. The European Union has rolled out ambitious targets for the hydrogen economy, with the United Kingdom also taking steps in this direction, and Plug is seeking to execute on our strategy to become one of the European leaders in the hydrogen economy. This includes a targeted account strategy for material handling, securing strategic partnerships with European OEMs, energy companies, utility leaders and accelerating our electrolyzer business.
Currently, we manufacture and/or assemble our products at our manufacturing facilities in Rochester, New York; Slingerlands, New York; Houston, Texas; and Lafayette, Indiana; and have an expanded customer service center in Dayton, Ohio. In addition, we have hydrogen production plants in Charleston, Tennessee; Kingsland, Georgia; and St. Gabriel, Louisiana.
Results of Operations
Our primary sources of revenue are from sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other, services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure, power purchase agreements, and fuel delivered to customers and related equipment. A certain portion of our sales result from acquisitions in legacy markets, which we are working to transition to renewable solutions. Revenue from sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other represents sales of our GenDrive units, GenSure stationary backup power units, cryogenic delivery and storage, hydrogen liquefaction systems, electrolyzers and hydrogen fueling infrastructure. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. Revenue from power purchase agreements primarily represent payments received from customers who make monthly payments to access the Company’s GenKey solution. Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers and related equipment represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party or generated at our hydrogen production plants.
Provision for Common Stock Warrants
On August 24, 2022, the Company issued to Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amazon (“Amazon”), a warrant (the “Amazon Warrant”) to acquire up to 16,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain vesting events described below under “Common Stock Transactions – Amazon Transaction Agreement in 2022”.
In 2017, in separate transactions, the Company issued a warrant to each of Amazon and Walmart to purchase up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain vesting events described below under “Common Stock Transactions – Amazon Transaction Agreement in 2017” and “Common Stock Transactions – Walmart Transaction Agreement”. The Company recorded a portion of the estimated fair value of the warrants as a reduction of revenue based upon the projected number of shares of common stock expected to vest under the warrants, the proportion of purchases by Amazon, Walmart and their affiliates within the period relative to the aggregate purchase levels required for vesting of the respective warrants, and the then-current fair value of the warrants.
The amount of provision for the Amazon and Walmart warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, is shown in the table below (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | | Six months ended | ||||||||
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 | | June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 | ||||
Sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other | $ | (1,345) | | $ | (661) | | $ | (2,237) | | $ | (2,928) |
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure |
| (1,250) | |
| (531) | |
| (2,938) | |
| (979) |
Power purchase agreements |
| (2,238) | |
| (1,713) | |
| (4,358) | |
| (2,787) |
Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment |
| (4,642) | |
| (2,927) | |
| (9,066) | |
| (3,633) |
Total | $ | (9,475) | | $ | (5,832) | | $ | (18,599) | | $ | (10,327) |
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Net revenue, cost of revenue, gross profit/(loss) and gross margin/(loss) during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | | Six months ended | ||||||||||||||||||||
| | | | Cost of |
| Gross |
| Gross | | | | | | Cost of |
| Gross |
| Gross | | ||||
| Net Revenue | | Revenue | | Profit/(Loss) | | Margin/(Loss) |
| | Net Revenue | | Revenue | | Profit/(Loss) | | Margin/(Loss) |
| ||||||
For the period ended June 30, 2025 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other | $ | 99,173 | | $ | 117,280 | | $ | (18,107) |
| (18.3) | % | | $ | 162,679 | | $ | 191,836 | | $ | (29,157) |
| (17.9) | % |
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure |
| 16,367 | |
| 9,996 | |
| 6,371 |
| 38.9 | % | |
| 33,241 | |
| 24,458 | |
| 8,783 |
| 26.4 | % |
(Benefit)/provision for loss contracts related to service | | — | | | (10,832) | | | 10,832 | | N/A | | | | — | | | (1,944) | | | 1,944 | | N/A | |
Power purchase agreements |
| 23,633 | |
| 45,272 | |
| (21,639) |
| (91.6) | % | |
| 46,843 | |
| 95,204 | |
| (48,361) |
| (103.2) | % |
Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment |
| 34,399 | |
| 65,636 | |
| (31,237) |
| (90.8) | % | |
| 63,856 | |
| 124,990 | |
| (61,134) |
| (95.7) | % |
Other |
| 398 | |
| 83 | |
| 315 |
| 79.1 | % | |
| 1,025 | |
| 426 | |
| 599 |
| 58.4 | % |
Total | $ | 173,970 | | $ | 227,435 | | $ | (53,465) |
| (30.7) | % | | $ | 307,644 | | $ | 434,970 | | $ | (127,326) |
| (41.4) | % |
For the period ended June 30, 2024 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other | $ | 76,788 | | $ | 129,911 | | $ | (53,123) |
| (69.2) | % | | $ | 145,083 | | $ | 265,036 | | $ | (119,953) |
| (82.7) | % |
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure |
| 13,034 | |
| 13,730 | |
| (696) |
| (5.3) | % | |
| 26,057 | |
| 26,687 | |
| (630) |
| (2.4) | % |
(Benefit)/provision for loss contracts related to service | | — | | | 16,484 | | | (16,484) | | N/A | | | | — | | | 32,229 | | | (32,229) | | N/A | |
Power purchase agreements |
| 19,674 | |
| 54,312 | |
| (34,638) |
| (176.1) | % | |
| 37,978 | |
| 109,540 | |
| (71,562) |
| (188.4) | % |
Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment |
| 29,887 | |
| 58,317 | |
| (28,430) |
| (95.1) | % | |
| 48,173 | |
| 116,890 | |
| (68,717) |
| (142.6) | % |
Other |
| 3,967 | |
| 1,851 | |
| 2,116 |
| 53.3 | % | |
| 6,323 | |
| 3,562 | |
| 2,761 |
| 43.7 | % |
Total | $ | 143,350 | | $ | 274,605 | | $ | (131,255) |
| (91.6) | % | | $ | 263,614 | | $ | 553,944 | | $ | (290,330) |
| (110.1) | % |
Net Revenue
Revenue – sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other. Revenue from sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other represents sales of our GenDrive units, GenSure stationary backup power units, cryogenic delivery and storage, hydrogen liquefaction systems, electrolyzers and hydrogen fueling infrastructure (referred to at the site level as hydrogen installations). Revenue from sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased $22.4 million, or 29.2%, to $99.2 million from $76.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. Primarily contributing to the increase in revenue was an increase in sales of electrolyzers systems globally. Revenue from sales of electrolyzers increased $29.8 million primarily due to an increase in volume of electrolyzer systems for which revenue was recognized. The increase in revenue related to sales of fuel cell systems of $2.4 million was primarily due to an increase in volume of GenSure units sold, with 133 units sold during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 67 units sold during the three months ended June 30, 2024. Partially offsetting these increases in revenue, there was a decrease in revenue from sales of hydrogen infrastructure of $1.6 million due to volume, with three hydrogen site installations during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to five during the three months ended June 30, 2024. Additionally, there was a decrease of $4.1 million related to the sales of engineered oil and gas equipment from the Frames acquisition, for which sales are not expected to continue beyond current commitments. Additionally, revenue from sales of cryogenic equipment and liquefiers decreased $4.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 primarily due to product mix with respect to cryogenic equipment and fewer existing liquefier projects compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. Included in the changes described above, the provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue from sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other increased to $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024.
Revenue from sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased $17.6 million, or 12.1%, to $162.7 million from $145.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Revenue from sales of electrolyzers increased $37.7 million primarily due to an increase in volume of electrolyzer systems for which revenue was recognized. In addition, the increase in revenue related to sales of fuel cell systems of $0.1 million was primarily due to the increase in volume of GenSure units sold discussed above, partially offset by a decrease in volume of GenDrive units sold during the six months ended June 30, 2025. Partially offsetting these increases in revenue, the decrease in revenue from sales of hydrogen infrastructure of $8.3 million was primarily due to volume, with four hydrogen site installations during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to eight during the six months ended June 30, 2024.
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Additionally, there was a decrease of $6.8 million related to the sales of engineered oil and gas equipment from the Frames acquisition, for which sales are not expected to continue beyond current commitments. Additionally, revenue from sales of cryogenic equipment and liquefiers decreased $5.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily due to a slower rate of progress on existing liquefier projects as they near completion compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. Included in the changes described above, the provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue from sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other decreased to $2.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $2.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Revenue – services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased $3.4 million, or 25.6%, to $16.4 million from $13.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure was primarily due to increase in service rates negotiated with certain customers. In addition, the average number of GenDrive units under maintenance contracts during the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased to 23,846 compared to 21,940 during the three months ended June 30, 2024. Included in the change described above, the provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure increased to $1.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $0.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased $7.1 million, or 27.6%, to $33.2 million from $26.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure was related to the increase in number of units in service and increases in service rates during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, as discussed above, coupled with an increase in service rates negotiated with certain customers. Included in the change described above, the provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure increased to $2.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $1.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Revenue – power purchase agreements. Revenue from Power Purchase Agreements (“PPAs”) represents payments received from customers for power generated through the provision of equipment and service. Revenue from PPAs for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased $3.9 million, or 20.1%, to $23.6 million from $19.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in revenue was a result of an increase in pricing rates during the second quarter of 2025 compared to the second quarter of 2024, partially offset by an increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Included in the change described above, the provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue from PPAs increased to $2.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $1.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024.
Revenue from PPAs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased $8.8 million, or 23.3%, to $46.8 million from $38.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in revenue was a result of an increase in pricing rates during the first half of 2025 compared to the first half of 2024, partially offset by an increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Included in the change described above, the provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue from PPAs increased to $4.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $2.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Revenue – fuel delivered to customers and related equipment. Revenue from fuel delivered to customers and related equipment represents the sale of hydrogen that has been purchased by the Company from a third party or generated at our hydrogen production plants. Revenue from fuel delivered to customers and related equipment during the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased $4.5 million, or 15.1%, to $34.4 million from $29.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in revenue was primarily due to increased fuel prices negotiated with certain customers and an increase in volume of fuel kilograms sold, partially offset by an increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Included in the change described above, the provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue from
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fuel delivered to customers and related equipment increased to $4.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $2.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024.
Revenue from fuel delivered to customers and related equipment during the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased $15.7 million, or 32.6%, to $63.9 million from $48.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in revenue was primarily due to increased fuel prices negotiated with certain customers and an increase in volume of fuel kilograms sold, partially offset by an increase in the provision for common stock warrants. Included in the change described above, the provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue from fuel delivered to customers and related equipment increased to $9.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $3.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue – sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other. Cost of revenue from sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other includes direct materials, labor costs, and allocated overhead costs related to the manufacture of our fuel cells such as GenDrive units and GenSure stationary back-up power units, cryogenic delivery and storage, hydrogen liquefaction systems, electrolyzers and hydrogen fueling infrastructure (referred to at the site level as hydrogen installations). Cost of revenue from sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other during the three months ended June 30, 2025 decreased $12.6 million, or 9.7%, to $117.3 million from $129.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024. Primarily contributing to the decrease in cost of revenue was a decrease in cost of revenue related to sales of fuel cell systems, a decrease in inventory valuation adjustments and lower labor and overhead costs as a result of the 2024 and 2025 rooftop consolidations and restructuring activities. Cost of revenue related to sales of fuel cell systems decreased by $11.4 million primarily due to favorable product mix with respect to GenDrive units and lower labor and overhead costs resulting from the Company’s restructuring activities. The cost of revenue related to sales of hydrogen infrastructure decreased $3.1 million primarily due to the decrease in the number of hydrogen site installations, with three hydrogen site installations during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to five during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The cost of revenue related to sales of cryogenic equipment and liquefiers decreased $3.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 primarily due to product mix with respect to cryogenic equipment and fewer existing liquefier projects compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. Finally, there was a decrease in cost of revenue of $2.1 million related to a decrease in sales of engineered equipment from the Frames acquisition, for which sales are not expected to continue beyond current commitments. Cost of revenue related to sales of electrolyzer stacks and systems increased by $7.2 million primarily due to an increase in volume of electrolyzer systems for which revenue was recognized, partially offset by a decrease in inventory valuation adjustments, with $3.4 million recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $7.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in inventory valuation adjustments during the three months ended June 30, 2025 was primarily related to higher sales prices on recently signed contracts with customers resulting in decreased lower of cost or net realizable valuation adjustments. Gross loss generated from sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other decreased to (18.3%) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to (69.2%) for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in gross loss was primarily due to lower labor and overhead costs resulting from the Company’s restructuring activities as well as the decrease in inventory valuation adjustments described above.
Cost of revenue from sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other during the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased $73.2 million, or 27.6%, to $191.8 million from $265.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. Primarily contributing to the decrease in cost of revenue was a decrease in cost of revenue related to sales of fuel cell systems, a decrease in cost of revenue related to sales of hydrogen infrastructure, a decrease in inventory valuation adjustments and lower labor and overhead costs as a result of the 2024 and 2025 rooftop consolidations and restructuring activities. Cost of revenue related to sales of fuel cell systems decreased by $43.1 million primarily due to a decrease in volume of GenDrive units sold, with 1,587 units sold during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 2,023 units sold during the six months ended June 30, 2024. In addition, inventory valuation adjustments decreased, with $10.2 million recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $25.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in inventory valuation adjustments during the six months ended June 30, 2025 was primarily related to higher sales prices on recently signed contracts with customers resulting in decreased lower of cost or net realizable valuation adjustments. The cost of revenue related to sales of hydrogen infrastructure decreased $13.5 million primarily
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due to the decrease in the number of hydrogen site installations, with four hydrogen site installations during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to eight during the six months ended June 30, 2024. Cost of revenue related to sales of electrolyzer stacks and systems decreased by $3.9 million primarily due to a decrease in inventory valuation adjustments, with $5.3 million recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $21.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in inventory valuation adjustments during the six months ended June 30, 2025 was primarily related to higher sales prices on recently signed contracts with customers resulting in decreased lower of cost or net realizable valuation adjustments. The decrease in inventory valuation adjustments was partially offset by an increase in cost of revenue related to an increase in volume of electrolyzer systems for which revenue was recognized. The cost of revenue related to sales of cryogenic equipment and liquefiers decreased $8.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily due to a slower rate of progress on existing liquefier projects as they near completion compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. Finally, there was a decrease in cost of revenue of $4.3 million related to a decrease in sales of engineered equipment from the Frames acquisition, for which sales are not expected to continue beyond current commitments. Gross loss generated from sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other decreased to (17.9%) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to (82.7%) for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in gross loss was primarily due to the decrease in inventory valuation adjustments described above as well as lower labor and overhead costs resulting from the Company's restructuring activities.
Cost of revenue – services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure includes the labor, material costs and allocated overhead costs incurred for our product service and hydrogen site maintenance contracts and spare parts. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure during the three months ended June 30, 2025 decreased $3.7 million, or 27.2%, to $10.0 million from $13.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in cost of revenue was primarily due to improved performance of our units, which resulted in a reduced parts usage and reduced labor costs at customer sites. Gross margin increased to 38.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to gross loss of (5.3%) for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in gross margin was primarily due to increase in service rates negotiated with certain customers as well as the decreases in cost of revenue described above.
Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure during the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased $2.2 million, or 8.4%, to $24.5 million from $26.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in cost of revenue was primarily due to improved performance of our units, which resulted in a reduced parts usage and reduced labor costs at customer sites. Gross margin increased to 26.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to gross loss of (2.4%) for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in gross margin was primarily due to increase in service rates negotiated with certain customers as well as the decreases in cost of revenue described above.
Cost of revenue – (benefit)/provision for loss contracts related to service. The Company recorded a benefit for loss contracts related to service of $10.8 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to a provision for loss contracts related to service of $16.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The Company recorded a benefit primarily due to reductions in cost to service our GenDrive units and improvements on forecasted future costs.
The Company recorded a benefit for loss contracts related to service of $1.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to a provision for loss contracts related to service of $32.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The Company recorded a benefit primarily due to reductions in cost to service our GenDrive units and improvements on forecasted future costs.
Cost of revenue – power purchase agreements. Cost of revenue from PPAs includes depreciation of assets utilized and service costs to fulfill PPA obligations and interest costs associated with certain financial institutions for leased equipment. Cost of revenue from PPAs during the three months ended June 30, 2025 decreased $9.0 million, or 16.6%, to $45.3 million from $54.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in cost was primarily due to a decrease in depreciation related to the Company’s right of use assets resulting from the Company’s annual impairment analysis conducted during the fourth quarter of 2024. Gross loss decreased to (91.6%) during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to (176.1%) during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in gross loss was primarily due to improved pricing and the reduction in cost described above.
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Cost of revenue from PPAs during the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased $14.3 million, or 13.1%, to $95.2 million from $109.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in cost was primarily due to a decrease in depreciation related to the Company’s right of use assets resulting from the Company’s annual impairment analysis conducted during the fourth quarter of 2024. Gross loss decreased to (103.2%) during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to (188.4%) during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in gross loss was primarily due to improved pricing and the reduction in cost described above.
Cost of revenue – fuel delivered to customers and related equipment. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers and related equipment represents the purchase of hydrogen from suppliers and internally produced hydrogen that is ultimately sold to customers. Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers during the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased $7.3 million, or 12.6%, to $65.6 million from $58.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily due to increased costs of purchased fuel as well as an increase in volume of fuel delivered to customers. Gross loss decreased to (90.8%) during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to (95.1%) during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in gross loss was primarily due to increased fuel prices negotiated with certain customers.
Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers during the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased $8.1 million, or 6.9%, to $125.0 million from $116.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to increased costs of purchased fuel as well as an increase in volume of fuel delivered to customers. Gross loss decreased to (95.7%) during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to (142.6%) during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in gross loss was primarily due to increased fuel prices negotiated with certain customers.
Expenses
Research and development. Research and development expenses include: materials to build development and prototype units, cash and non-cash stock compensation and benefits for the engineering and related staff, expenses for contract engineers, fees paid to consultants for services provided, materials and supplies consumed, facility related costs such as computer and network services, and other general overhead costs associated with our research and development activities. Research and development expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 decreased $6.7 million, or 35.6%, to $12.2 million from $18.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily related to headcount reductions related to the 2025 Restructuring Plan, a decrease in stock compensation and a decrease in system and component materials.
Research and development expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased $14.6 million, or 33.2%, to $29.6 million from $44.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily related to headcount reductions related to the 2025 Restructuring Plan, a decrease in stock compensation and a decrease in system and component materials.
Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses include cash and non-cash stock compensation, benefits, amortization of intangible assets and related costs in support of our general corporate functions, including general management, finance and accounting, human resources, selling and marketing, information technology and legal services. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased $2.8 million, or 3.2%, to $87.9 million from $85.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to an increase in contract exit costs and bad debt expenses, partially offset by a decrease in stock compensation.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased $5.6 million, or 3.5%, to $168.7 million from $163.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to an increase in contract exit costs and bad debt expenses, partially offset by a decrease in stock compensation.
Restructuring. Expenses related to restructuring activities for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased $1.4 million, or 82.0%, to $3.0 million from $1.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was due
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to severance and benefits related to the 2025 Restructuring Plan, which impacted more employees than the 2024 Restructuring Plan.
Expenses related to restructuring activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased $12.5 million, or 163.3%, to $20.1 million from $7.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was due to severance and benefits related to the 2025 Restructuring Plan, which impacted more employees than the 2024 Restructuring Plan.
Impairment. Impairment for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased $16.7 million, or 423.2%, to $20.6 million from $3.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily related to the Company recording impairment charges of $11.2 million related to the strategic exit of material handling investments at customer sites impacting equipment related to power purchase agreements and fuel delivered to customers, net. In addition, the Company recorded impairment charges of $9.4 million related to the Company’s property, plant and equipment, net during the three months ended June 30, 2025.
Impairment for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased $17.5 million, or 413.2%, to $21.7 million from $4.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily related to the Company recording impairment charges of $11.2 million related to the strategic exit of material handling investments at customer sites impacting equipment related to power purchase agreements and fuel delivered to customers, net. In addition, the Company recorded impairment charges of $10.5 million related to the Company’s property, plant and equipment, net during the six months ended June 30, 2025.
Change in fair value of contingent consideration. The change in fair value of contingent consideration is related to earn-outs for the Joule Processing LLC (“Joule”) and Frames Holding B.V. (“Frames”) acquisitions. The change in fair value of contingent consideration for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was ($0.2) million and $3.8 million, respectively.
The change in fair value of contingent consideration for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was ($12.0) million and ($5.4) million, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the fair value of contingent consideration for Joule’s earn-out of $12.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 due to changes in management assumptions.
Interest income. Interest income primarily consists of income generated by our investment holdings, restricted cash escrow accounts, and money market accounts. Interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2025 decreased $2.0 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease in the Company’s average restricted cash balance during the second quarter of 2025.
Interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased $6.1 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease in the Company’s average restricted cash balance during the first half of 2025.
Interest expense. Interest expense consists of interest expense related to our long-term debt, convertible debt instruments, obligations under finance leases and our finance obligations. Interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased $6.4 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to interest expense incurred related to the 15.00% Secured Debenture, which was entered into during the second quarter of 2025.
Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased $6.6 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to interest expense incurred related to the 6.00% Convertible Debenture, which was entered into during the fourth quarter of 2024, as well as the 15.00% Secured Debenture noted above.
Other income/(expense), net. Other income/(expense), net primarily consists of gains and losses related to energy contracts and foreign currency translation. Other income/(expense), net for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased $12.9 million to other income, net of $3.8 million compared to other expense, net of $9.1 million for the three months
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ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to foreign currency gains as well as a decrease in losses related to energy contracts.
Other income/(expense), net for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased $21.2 million to other income, net of $5.1 million compared to other expense, net of $16.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to foreign currency gains as well as a decrease in losses related to energy contracts.
Loss on extinguishment of convertible debt instruments and debt. Loss on extinguishment of convertible debt instruments and debt consists of losses that arise from retirement of the Company’s convertible debenture, convertible senior notes and debt before maturity. For the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company had loss on extinguishment of convertible debt instruments and debt of $5.5 million as compared to loss on extinguishment of convertible debt instruments and debt of $0 for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The losses during the second quarter of 2025 were driven by the difference between the carrying amount of the 6.00% Convertible Debenture and principal settled in cash and premium costs on the 6.00% Convertible Debenture principal settled in cash.
For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company had loss on extinguishment of convertible debt instruments and debt of $9.1 million as compared to loss on extinguishment of convertible debt instruments and debt of $14.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The losses during the first half of 2025 were driven by the difference between the carrying amount of the 6.00% Convertible Debenture and principal settled in cash and premium costs on the 6.00% Convertible Debenture principal settled in cash. The losses during the first half of 2024 were driven by the exchange of $138.8 million in aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes for $140.4 million in aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes.
Change in fair value of convertible debenture. Change in fair value of convertible debenture consists of gains/(losses) that arise from the changes in fair value of the Company’s 6.00% Convertible Debenture. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded a change in fair value of convertible debenture of ($9.2) million and ($1.9) million, respectively, compared to a change in fair value of convertible debenture of $0 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 as the 6.00% Convertible Debenture originated during the fourth quarter of 2024.
Change in fair value of debt. Change in fair value of debt consists of gains/(losses) that arise from the changes in fair value of the Company’s 15.00% Secured Debenture. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded a loss on change in fair value of convertible debenture of ($3.4) million compared to a change in fair value of convertible debenture of $0 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 as the 15.00% Secured Debenture originated during the second quarter of 2025.
Loss on equity method investments. Loss on equity method investments consists of our interest in AccionaPlug S.L., which is our 50/50 joint venture with Acciona Generación Renovable, S.A., SK Plug Hyverse, which is our 49/51 joint venture with SK Innovation Co., Ltd, successor in interest to SK E&S Co., Ltd., and Clean H2 Infra Fund. For the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded a loss of $45.9 million on equity method investments compared to a loss of $7.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in loss on equity method investments was primarily due to the Company recording an other-than-temporary impairment loss of $42.5 million related to the Company’s investment in one of its equity method investments due to a decline in market conditions.
For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded a loss of $48.2 million on equity method investments compared to a loss of $20.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in loss on equity method investments was primarily due to the Company recording an other-than-temporary impairment loss of $42.5 million related to the Company’s investment in one of its equity method investments due to a decline in market conditions. The increase in loss on equity method investments was partially offset by the Company recording no losses related to HyVia during the six months ended June 30, 2025 as the joint venture entered into receivership proceedings during the fourth quarter of 2024.
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Income Taxes
The Company recorded $12 thousand of income tax expense and $0.4 million of income tax benefit during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company recorded $12 thousand of income tax expense and $0.2 million of income tax benefit during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company has not changed its overall conclusion with respect to the need for a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets in the U.S., which remain fully reserved. With the exception of a few service entities mainly in Europe, all domestic and foreign deferred tax assets are offset by a full valuation allowance because it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of the net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as a component of income tax expense.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted into law, modifying various federal clean energy tax provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”), including the allowance of immediate expensing of qualifying research and development expenses and permanent extensions of certain provisions within the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The most significant impacts of the OBBBA to the Company are related to Section 45V Credit for Production of Clean Hydrogen, which will be available for clean hydrogen facilities beginning construction before January 1, 2028 and the Section 48E Investment Tax Credit which provides for a 30% investment tax credit for “qualified fuel cell property” from 2026 to 2032. The Company is evaluating the provisions of the OBBBA and its impact on its business.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
A summary of our consolidated sources and uses of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash was as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | |
| | Six months ended | ||||
|
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 | ||
Net cash (used in)/provided by: | | | | | | |
Operating activities | | $ | (297,378) | | $ | (422,466) |
Investing activities | | | (87,316) | | | (268,658) |
Financing activities | | | 226,064 | | | 526,751 |
Operating Activities
The net cash used in operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $297.4 million and $422.5 million, respectively. The decrease in net cash used in operating activities was primarily due to the decrease in net loss during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. Other changes to net cash used in operating activities include an increase in cash provided by inventory and prepaid expenses and other assets. Those changes were partially offset by a decrease in cash provided by accounts receivable, a decrease in non-cash inventory valuation adjustments and a recovery on service contracts during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to a loss on service contracts during the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Investing Activities
The net cash used in investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $87.3 million and $268.7 million, respectively. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to a decrease in purchases of property, plant and equipment as well as a decrease in contributions to equity method investments during the six months ended June 30, 2025.
Financing Activities
The net cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $226.1 million and $526.8 million, respectively. The decrease in cash provided by financing activities was primarily driven by a
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decrease in proceeds from public and private offerings and an increase in principal payments on convertible debentures, partially offset by an increase in proceeds from debt issuance.
The Company has continued to experience negative cash flows from operations and net losses. The Company incurred net losses of approximately $228.7 million and $262.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company incurred net losses of approximately $425.6 million and $558.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company’s working capital was $494.2 million as of June 30, 2025, which included unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $140.7 million and current restricted cash of $195.4 million, and the Company had an accumulated deficit of $7.0 billion.
The future use of our available liquidity will be based upon the ongoing review of the funding needs of our businesses, the optimal allocation of our resources, and the timing of cash flow generation. To the extent that we desire to access alternative sources of capital, market conditions could adversely impact our ability to do so at that time and at terms favorable to the Company.
The Company has an “at-the-market” equity offering program with B. Riley Securities, Inc. (“B. Riley”) pursuant to which the Company may, from time to time, offer and sell through or to B. Riley, as sales agent or principal, shares of the Company’s common stock, having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $1.0 billion under a sales agreement. The “at-the-market” equity offering program will terminate upon the earliest of (a) December 31, 2025 with respect to principal transactions and January 17, 2026 with respect to agency transactions, (b) the sale of all shares of common stock under the program or (c) termination of the sales agreement. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company sold no shares of common stock and during the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company sold 5,154,177 shares of common stock at a weighted-average sales price of $1.69 per share for gross proceeds of $8.7 million with related issuance costs of $0.2 million through the “at-the-market” equity offering program. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had $986.2 million of aggregate gross sales price of shares available to be sold under the “at-the-market” equity offering program.
The Company has also entered into a Standby Equity Purchase Agreement (the “SEPA”) with Yorkville, pursuant to which the Company has the right, at its option, to sell to Yorkville up to $1.0 billion in the aggregate gross sales price of its common stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth therein. The Company has the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at its sole discretion to direct Yorkville to purchase directly from the Company up to $10.0 million in the aggregate gross price sales of its common stock on any trading day. The SEPA expires on February 10, 2027. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company sold no shares of common stock pursuant to the SEPA.
On March 20, 2025, the Company sold 46,500,000 shares of its common stock, pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase 138,930,464 shares of its common stock and accompanying warrants (the “Common Warrants”) to purchase 185,430,464 shares of its common stock (the “Offering”) in a registered direct offering pursuant to an underwriting agreement with several underwriters. The Company received net proceeds from the Offering of $267.5 million, after deducting the underwriting discount and related expenses and excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the warrants. The Pre-Funded Warrants became exercisable immediately follow the closing date of the Offering with a term of three years and an exercise price of $0.001 per share of common stock. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised for 138,930,464 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.001 per share. The Common Warrants are exercisable at any time on or after six months after the date of issuance with a term of three years and an exercise price of $2.00 per share of common stock. If all of the Common Warrants in the Offering were to be exercised in cash at their exercise price, the Company would receive additional gross proceeds of approximately $371.0 million.
On May 5, 2025, the Company issued the initial tranche of secured debentures (the “15.00% Secured Debenture”) in the aggregate principal amount of $210.0 million pursuant to the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement (the “Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement”) with Yorkville for a purchase price of $199.5 million. Under the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement, Yorkville is committed to purchase a second tranche of secured debentures in an aggregate principal amount of up to $105.0 million for a purchase price of $99.8 million subject to the satisfaction of the closing conditions set forth therein. The Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement also permits the Company to sell to Yorkville a third
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uncommitted tranche of secured debentures in an aggregate principal amount of up to $210.0 million. All secured debentures issued under the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement will incur interest at a rate of 15% per annum, which interest will increase to 25% per annum upon the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined in the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement) for so long as such event remains uncured and unwaived. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the initial tranche of the 15.00% Secured Debenture to retire $60.0 million of principal on the Company’s 6.00% Convertible Debenture. On July 8, 2025, the Company issued to Yorkville a warrant to purchase 31,500,000 shares of common stock (“15.00% Secured Debenture Warrant”). The exercise price of the 15.00% Secured Debenture Warrant was determined at the time of the issuance of the 15.00% Secured Debenture Warrant and equaled $1.37, the lower of (i) the closing price of the Company’s common stock immediately preceding the issuance of the 15.00% Secured Debenture Warrant or (ii) the average closing price of the Company’s common stock for the five trading days immediately preceding the issuance of the 15.00% Secured Debenture Warrant. The 15.00% Secured Debenture Warrant is exercisable at any time on or after the date of issuance and will expire on July 10, 2028.
In addition to the proceeds described above, the Company expects to have savings resulting from the restructuring plan announced in March 2025 (the “2025 Restructuring Plan”). The 2025 Restructuring Plan includes initiatives to reduce our workforce, realign the Company’s manufacturing footprint and streamline the organization to enhance operational efficiency and improve overall liquidity. The expected annual savings from the 2025 Restructuring Plan are expected to be significant and began to be realized in the second half of 2025.
The Company believes that its working capital, cash position and restricted cash to be released over the next 12 months, together with other key assumptions, support the Company’s conclusion that they have sufficient capital to fund its on-going operations for a period of at least 12 months subsequent to the issuance of the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. Key assumptions are based on factors such as forecasted sales and costs, amortization requirements of the Company’s finance obligations, the Company’s right to direct B. Riley to purchase shares from the Company under the “at-the-market” equity offering program, the Company’s right to direct Yorkville to purchase shares from the Company under the SEPA, the Company’s ability to access sufficient shares within the next twelve months by implementing a reverse stock split, which was approved by its stockholders at the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders on July 3, 2025, and the Company’s ability to access additional debt pursuant to the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement with Yorkville.
The Company’s significant obligations consisted of the following as of June 30, 2025:
| (i) | Operating and finance leases totaling $299.8 million and $36.6 million, respectively, of which $72.5 million and $14.1 million, respectively, are due within the next 12 months. These leases are primarily related to sale/leaseback agreements entered into with various financial institutions to facilitate the Company’s commercial transactions with key customers. |
| (ii) | Finance obligations totaling $310.0 million, of which approximately $81.4 million is due within the next 12 months. Finance obligations consist primarily of debt associated with the sale of future revenues and failed sale/leaseback transactions. |
| (iii) | Long term debt totaling $200.3 million, of which $64.9 million is due within the next twelve months. See Note 8, “Long Term Debt”, for more details. |
| (iv) | Convertible debt instruments totaling $145.3 million, of which all $145.3 million is due within the next twelve months. See Note 9, “Convertible Debt Instruments”, for more details. |
| (v) | Capital commitments totaling $0.3 million related to the Company’s equity method investments, of which all $0.3 million is due within the next 12 months. See Note 6, “Investments”, for more details. |
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| (vi) | Future payments under non-cancelable unconditional purchase obligations with a remaining term in excess of one year totaling $136.3 million, of which $46.1 million is due within the next 12 months. See Note 16, “Commitments and Contingencies”, for more details. |
| (vii) | Contingent consideration with an estimated fair value of approximately $41.9 million, of which $25.0 million is due within the next 12 months. See Note 7, “Fair Value Measurements”, for more details. |
Public and Private Offerings of Equity and Debt
15.00% Secured Debenture Warrant
On July 8, 2025, the Company issued to Yorkville the 15.00% Secured Debenture Warrant to purchase 31,500,000 shares of common stock. As discussed in Note 8, “Long Term Debt”, on the date of the funding of the initial tranche of the 15.00% Secured Debenture, the Company recorded the 15.00% Secured Debenture Warrant to equity at a fair value of $6.1 million. The 15.00% Secured Debenture Warrant was accounted for as permanent equity in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), and was recorded at fair value at inception. The fair value of the warrant was determined using a Black-Scholes Option pricing model, with each scenario weighted based on the probability the warrant will become issuable. The 15.00% Secured Debenture Warrant was recorded to equity at the fair value of $6.1 million on the date of the funding of the initial tranche of the 15.00% Secured Debenture under the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement.
The assumptions used to calculate the valuation of the 15.00% Secured Debenture Warrant as of May 5, 2025 were as follows:
| | |
| | May 5, 2025 |
Risk-free interest rate | | 3.71% |
Volatility | | 70.00% |
Expected average term (years) | | 3.00 |
Exercise price | | $0.79 |
Stock price | | $0.79 |
The fair value per share of the 15.00% Secured Debenture Warrant as of May 5, 2025 was approximately $0.19.
March 2025 Offering
On March 20, 2025, the Company sold to several underwriters in a registered direct offering 46,500,000 shares of its common stock, Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase 138,930,464 shares of its common stock and accompanying Common Warrants to purchase 185,430,464 shares of its common stock for aggregate gross proceeds of $279.9 million with $11.9 million of underwriting discounts and $0.5 million of related issuance costs.
The Pre-Funded Warrants became exercisable immediately following the closing date of the Offering with a term of three years and an exercise price of $0.001 per share of common stock. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised for 138,930,464 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.001 per share for total proceeds of $0.1 million. The Common Warrants are exercisable at any time on or after six months after the date of issuance with a term of three years and an exercise price of $2.00 per share of common stock. If all of the Common Warrants in the Offering were to be exercised in cash at their exercise price, the Company would receive additional gross proceeds of approximately $371.0 million.
Each Common Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant is exercisable solely by means of a cash exercise, except that a Common Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant will be exercisable via cashless exercise if at the time of exercise, a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the Common Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants under the Securities Act is not then effective or the prospectus contained therein is not available. The Common Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants include certain rights upon “fundamental transactions” as described in the Common
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Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants, including the right of the holders thereof to receive from the Company or a successor entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion) that is being offered and paid to the holders of common stock in such fundamental transaction with respect to the unexercised portion of the applicable Common Warrants or Pre-Funded Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. Alternatively, the holder of a Common Warrant shall have the right to receive the cash value of the remaining unexercised portion of its Common Warrants upon a fundamental transaction, such value to be calculated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, as described in the Common Warrants. A holder of the Common Warrants or Pre-Funded Warrants (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of a Common Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant to the extent that the holder would beneficially own more than 4.99% (or, as may be increased upon written notice at the election of the holder, up to 9.99%) of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock immediately after exercise.
The Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants are freestanding financial instruments that are legally detachable and separately exercisable from the shares of common stock with which they were issued, do not embody an obligation for the Company to repurchase its shares, and permit the holders to receive a fixed number of shares of common stock upon exercise.
As of the issuance date, the common stock was valued at $73.5 million based on the Company’s stock price.
The Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants were valued at $219.4 million and $162.5 million, respectively, using the following Black-Scholes assumptions:
| | | | |
| | Pre-Funded | | Common |
| | Warrants | | Warrants |
Risk-free interest rate | | 3.96% | | 3.96% |
Volatility | | 93.06% | | 93.06% |
Expected average term (years) | | 3.00 | | 3.00 |
Exercise price | | $0.001 | | $2.00 |
Stock price | | $1.58 | | $1.58 |
“At-the-Market” Equity Offering Program
On January 17, 2024, the Company entered into the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “ATM Sales Agreement”) with B. Riley, pursuant to which the Company may, from time to time, offer and sell through or to B. Riley, as sales agent or principal, shares of the Company’s common stock, having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $1.0 billion. On February 23, 2024 and November 7, 2024, the Company and B. Riley amended the ATM Sales Agreement to, among other things, increase the aggregate offering price of shares of common stock available for issuance under the program to $1.0 billion. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company sold no shares of common stock under the ATM Sales Agreement. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company sold 5,154,177 shares of common stock at a weighted-average sales price of $1.69 per share for gross proceeds of $8.7 million with related issuance costs of $0.2 million. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had $986.2 million of aggregate gross sales price of shares available to be sold under the ATM Sales Agreement.
15.00% Secured Debenture
On May 5, 2025, the Company issued the initial tranche of the 15.00% Secured Debenture in the aggregate principal amount of $210.0 million pursuant to the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement with Yorkville for a purchase price of $199.5 million with a discount of $10.5 million. The 15.00% Secured Debenture was issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The initial tranche of the 15.00% Secured Debenture is subject to an amortization schedule which is scheduled to result in payment in full on April 30, 2027; however, Yorkville is permitted to defer amortization payments under the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement, in which case such deferred amortization payments will be paid on the final maturity date of May 1, 2028. Under the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement, Yorkville is committed to purchase a second tranche of the 15.00% Secured Debenture in an aggregate principal amount of up to $105.0 million for a purchase price of $99.8
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million subject to the satisfaction of the closing conditions set forth therein, which expires on May 6, 2026. The Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement also permits the Company to sell to Yorkville a third uncommitted tranche of the 15.00% Secured Debenture in an aggregate principal amount of up to $210.0 million. All secured debentures issued under the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement will incur interest at a rate of 15% per annum, which interest will increase to 25% per annum upon the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined in the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement) for so long as such event remains uncured and unwaived. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the initial tranche of the 15.00% Secured Debenture to retire $60.0 million of principal on the 6.00% Convertible Debenture. Refer to Note 9, “Convertible Debt Instruments”, for additional information.
In connection with the closing of the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement, within five days of the date on which the Company obtains stockholder approval to increase the number of its authorized shares of common stock or to complete a reverse stock split, the Company agreed to issue to Yorkville the 15.00% Secured Debenture Warrant to purchase 31,500,000 shares of common stock. The 15.00% Secured Debenture Warrant was recorded to equity at a fair value of $6.1 million on the date of the funding of the initial tranche of the 15.00% Secured Debenture under the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement. The Company issued the 15.00% Secured Debenture Warrant on July 8, 2025. Refer to Note 11, “Stockholders’ Equity”, and Note 21, “Subsequent Events”, for further information.
The following table shows change in the carrying amount of the 15.00% Secured Debenture during the three months ended June 30, 2025 (in thousands):
| | | |
| | Three months ended | |
|
| June 30, 2025 | |
Fair value of principal received at issuance | | $ | 193,431 |
Change in fair value of debt | | | 3,408 |
Amortization of discount | | | 1,022 |
Ending balance as of June 30, 2025 | | $ | 197,861 |
As of June 30, 2025, the 15.00% Secured Debenture was comprised of $64.0 million of the current portion of long-term debt and $133.9 million of long-term debt on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. Within the current portion of long-term debt and long-term debt, $0.9 million and $1.4 million was related to other debt as of June 30, 2025, respectively.
As of June 30, 2025, the outstanding principal on the debt was $210.0 million and was due monthly during each of the following years ended (in thousands):
| | | |
December 31, 2025 |
| | 32,000 |
December 31, 2026 | | | 109,000 |
December 31, 2027 | | | 69,000 |
Total outstanding principal | | $ | 210,000 |
The following table summarizes the total interest expense and effective interest rate related to the 15.00% Secured Debenture during the three months ended June 30, 2025 (in thousands, except for the effective interest rate):
| | |
| Three months ended | |
| June 30, 2025 | |
Interest expense | $ | 4,919 |
Amortization of discount | | 1,022 |
Total | $ | 5,941 |
Effective interest rate | | 19.2% |
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6.00% Convertible Debenture
On November 11, 2024, the Company entered into the Debenture Purchase Agreement pursuant to which the Company issued to Yorkville the 6.00% Convertible Debenture in exchange for the payment of $190.0 million. The 6.00% Convertible Debenture was issued in a private placement in reliance upon an exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. The 6.00% Convertible Debenture ranks pari passu in right of payment with all other outstanding and future senior indebtedness of the Company.
In certain circumstances, Yorkville is permitted to convert up to $22.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 6.00% Convertible Debenture plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, each calendar month beginning with December 2024, at a conversion price equal to the lower of (1) $2.90 (which was reset to $1.51 in connection with the Offering (the “Fixed Price”)) and (2) 97.25% of the lowest daily volume-weighted average price for the Company’s common stock during the three trading days immediately preceding the applicable conversion date; provided that such Market Price is not less than $0.3941 (the “Floor Price”). During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the initial tranche of the 15.00% Secured Debenture to retire $60.0 million of principal on the 6.00% Convertible Debenture. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, Yorkville converted $82.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 6.00% Convertible Debenture into cash and $20.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 6.00% Convertible Debenture into 28,295,151 shares of the Company’s common stock. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, Yorkville converted $127.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 6.00% Convertible Debenture into cash and $50.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 6.00% Convertible Debenture into 38,736,057 shares of the Company’s common stock. The 6.00% Convertible Debenture was fully settled as of June 30, 2025.
The following table shows change in the carrying amount of the 6.00% Convertible Debenture during the six months ended June 30, 2025 (in thousands):
| | | |
| | Six months ended | |
|
| June 30, 2025 | |
Beginning balance as of December 31, 2024 | | $ | 173,150 |
Payments of principal settled in cash | | | (45,000) |
Payment of principal settled in common stock | | | (30,000) |
Loss on settlement of principal | | | 2,416 |
Change in fair value of the convertible debenture | | | 7,338 |
Amortization of discount | | | 746 |
Ending balance as of March 31, 2025 | | $ | 108,650 |
Payments of principal settled in cash | | | (82,500) |
Payment of principal settled in common stock | | | (20,000) |
Loss on settlement of principal | | | 2,879 |
Change in fair value of the convertible debenture | | | (9,240) |
Amortization of discount | | | 211 |
Ending balance as of June 30, 2025 | | $ | — |
The Company incurred losses on extinguishment of convertible debt instruments and debt of $5.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, of which $2.9 million was due to loss on settlement of principal, as noted above, and $2.5 million was due to a premium cost. The Company incurred losses on extinguishment of convertible debt instruments and debt of $9.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, of which $5.3 million was due to loss on settlement of principal, as noted above, and $3.8 million was due to a premium cost.
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The following table summarizes the total interest expense and effective interest rate related to the 6.00% Convertible Debenture during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 (in thousands, except for the effective interest rate):
| | | | | |
| Three months ended | | Six months ended | ||
| June 30, 2025 | | June 30, 2025 | ||
Interest expense | $ | 592 | | $ | 2,473 |
Amortization of discount | | 211 | | | 957 |
Total | $ | 803 | | $ | 3,430 |
Effective interest rate | | 6.6% | | | 8.1% |
7.00% Convertible Senior Notes
As of June 30, 2025 and December 2024, the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes due June 1, 2026 (the “7.00% Convertible Senior Notes”) consisted of the following (in thousands):
| | | | | | |
|
| June 30, 2025 |
| December 31, 2024 | ||
Principal amounts: | | | | | | |
Principal | | $ | 140,396 | | $ | 140,396 |
Unamortized debt premium, net of offering costs(1) | | | 4,922 | | | 7,514 |
Net carrying amount | | $ | 145,318 | | $ | 147,910 |
| (1) | Included in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets within convertible debt instruments, net and amortized over the remaining life of the notes using the effective interest rate method. |
As of June 30, 2025, the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes were recorded in the current portion of convertible debt instruments, net in the unaudited interim condensed balance sheet.
The following table summarizes the total interest expense and effective interest rate related to the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands, except for the effective interest rate):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | | Six months ended | ||||||||
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 |
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 | ||||
Interest expense | $ | 2,464 | | $ | 2,450 | | $ | 4,887 | | $ | 2,746 |
Amortization of premium | | (1,308) | | | (1,314) | | | (2,592) | | | (1,473) |
Total | $ | 1,156 | | $ | 1,136 | | $ | 2,295 | | $ | 1,273 |
Effective interest rate | | 3.0% | | | 3.0% | | | 3.0% | | | 3.0% |
There were no conversions of the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The estimated fair value of the 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was approximately $112.5 million. The fair value estimation was primarily based on a quoted price in an active market.
3.75% Convertible Senior Notes
During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company paid cash of $59.6 million, which included $58.5 million to retire the remaining outstanding principal and $1.1 million to pay the accrued interest, on the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due June 1, 2025 (the “3.75% Convertible Senior Notes”).
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The following table summarizes the total interest expense and effective interest rate related to the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands, except for the effective interest rate):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | | Six months ended | ||||||||
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 |
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 | ||||
Interest expense | $ | 365 | | $ | 548 | | $ | 913 | | $ | 2,238 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | | 78 | | | 108 | | | 189 | | | 424 |
Total | $ | 443 | | $ | 656 | | $ | 1,102 | | $ | 2,662 |
Effective interest rate | | 4.5% | | | 4.5% | | | 4.5% | | | 4.5% |
There were no conversions of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Amazon Transaction Agreement in 2022
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the balance of the contract asset related to the warrant was $31.6 million and $33.2 million, respectively, which was recorded in contract assets in the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, 3,000,000 of the shares related to the warrant had vested and none of the shares had been exercised. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no exercises with respect to the shares related to the warrant. The total amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the warrant during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $3.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The total amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the warrant during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $6.8 million and $2.4 million, respectively.
Amazon Transaction Agreement in 2017
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, all 55,286,696 of the shares related to the warrant had vested and the warrant was exercised with respect to 34,917,912 shares of the Company’s common stock. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no exercises with respect to the shares related to the warrant. The total amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the warrant during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The total amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the warrant during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
Walmart Transaction Agreement
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the balance of the contract asset related to the warrant was $2.1 million and $2.6 million, respectively, which was recorded in contract assets in the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, 45,102,304 and 40,010,108 of the shares related to the warrant had vested, respectively, and the warrant was exercised with respect to 13,094,217 shares of the Company’s common stock. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no exercises with respect to the shares related to the warrant. The total amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the warrant during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $6.0 million and $4.0 million, respectively. The total amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the warrant during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $11.6 million and $7.7 million, respectively.
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Restricted Cash
In connection with certain of the noted sale/leaseback agreements, cash of $416.6 million and $476.2 million was required to be restricted as security as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, which will be released over the lease term. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company also had certain letters of credit backed by security deposits totaling $233.1 million and $276.4 million, respectively, of which $206.1 million and $242.7 million are security for the noted sale/leaseback agreements, respectively, and $27.0 million and $33.7 million are letters of credit related to customs and other transactions, respectively.
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had $80.0 million and $73.7 million, respectively, held in escrow related to the construction of certain hydrogen production plants.
The Company also had $0 and $1.2 million of consideration held by our paying agent in connection with the Joule acquisition reported as restricted cash as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, with a corresponding accrued liability on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, the Company had $6.4 million and $7.4 million in restricted cash as collateral resulting from the Frames acquisition as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, with a corresponding accrued liability on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.
DOE Loan Guarantee
On January 16, 2025, Plug Power Energy Loan Borrower LLC, a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of the Company, finalized a loan guarantee of up to $1.66 billion with the U.S. Department of Energy (the “DOE”) through the DOE’s Loan Program Office to finance the development, construction, and ownership of up to six green hydrogen production facilities.
Guarantee
On May 30, 2023, HyVia entered into a government grant agreement with Bpifrance. As part of the agreement, our wholly-owned subsidiary, Plug Power France, was required to issue a guarantee to Bpifrance in the amount of €20.0 million through the end of January 2027. Plug Power France is liable to the extent of the guarantee for sums due to Bpifrance from HyVia under the agreement based on the difference between the total amount paid by Bpifrance and the final amount certified by HyVia and Bpifrance. As part of the agreement, there were certain milestones that HyVia was required to meet, and the nonperformance of these milestones or termination of this agreement could result in this guarantee being called upon. As of June 30, 2025, no payments related to this guarantee have been made, however the Company recorded a liability of $2.2 million related to this guarantee based on the Company’s estimate of the guarantee being called upon.
Unconditional Purchase Obligations
The Company has entered into certain off–balance sheet commitments that require the future purchase of goods or services (“unconditional purchase obligations”). The Company’s unconditional purchase obligations primarily consist of supplier arrangements and take or pay contracts. For certain vendors, the Company’s unconditional obligation to purchase a minimum quantity of raw materials at an agreed upon price is fixed and determinable while certain other raw material costs will vary due to product forecasting and future economic conditions.
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Future payments under non-cancellable unconditional purchase obligations with a remaining term in excess of one year as of June 30, 2025 were as follows (in thousands):
| | |
Remainder of 2025 | | 20,692 |
2026 | | 50,782 |
2027 | | 64,852 |
2028 | | — |
2029 | | — |
2030 and thereafter | | — |
Total | | 136,326 |
The Company is renegotiating a supplier arrangement and expects that it will pay a fee in connection with such renegotiation. In connection, the Company has recorded approximately $12.0 million to the selling, general and administrative line in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations during the six months ended June 30, 2025.
Restructuring
In March 2025, the Company announced the 2025 Restructuring Plan, which included initiatives to reduce our workforce, realign the Company’s manufacturing footprint and streamline the organization to enhance operational efficiency and improve overall liquidity. We began executing the 2025 Restructuring Plan in March 2025 and expect the 2025 Restructuring Plan to be completed in the second half of 2025, subject to local law and consultation requirements.
In February 2024, the Company announced a restructuring plan (the “2024 Restructuring Plan”). The 2024 Restructuring Plan included strategic moves to enhance our financial performance and ensure long-term value creation in a competitive market. We began executing the 2024 Restructuring Plan in February 2024 and it was effectively completed during the fourth quarter of 2024.
During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company incurred $2.9 million and $1.6 million in restructuring costs, respectively, which were recorded in the restructuring financial statement line item in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company incurred $20.1 million and $7.6 million in restructuring costs, respectively, which were recorded in the restructuring financial statement line item in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations. The following table reflects the category of restructuring charges incurred during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | | Six months ended | ||||||||
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 |
| June 30, 2025 |
| June 30, 2024 | ||||
Employee severance and benefit arrangements | $ | 2,359 | | $ | 1,580 | | $ | 18,246 | | $ | 6,795 |
Legal and professional fees | | 44 | | | 49 | | | 215 | | | 845 |
Contract termination costs | | 561 | | | — | | | 1,657 | | | — |
Total restructuring charges | $ | 2,964 | | $ | 1,629 | | $ | 20,118 | | $ | 7,640 |
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The accrued restructuring balances as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were recorded in the accrued expenses financial statement line item in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. Restructuring activities related to the 2025 and 2024 Restructuring Plans were as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | |
| | 2025 | | | 2024 |
Accrued balance as of December 31, 2024 | $ | — | | $ | 129 |
Accruals and adjustments | | 17,150 | | | 4 |
Cash payments | | (1,397) | | | — |
Accrued balance as of March 31, 2025 | $ | 15,753 | | $ | 133 |
Accruals and adjustments | | 2,983 | | | (19) |
Cash payments | | (14,104) | | | — |
Accrued balance as of June 30, 2025 | $ | 4,632 | | $ | 114 |
As of June 30, 2025, total accrued expenses related to restructuring activities were comprised of (1) $4.5 million of employee severance and benefit arrangements and (2) $0.2 million of legal and professional services costs.
We estimate that we will incur future restructuring costs of $0.4 million related to employee severance and benefit arrangements. In addition, we expect to incur future restructuring costs related to facility exit costs during 2025; however, the Company cannot estimate the total amount expected to be incurred as cost reduction actions continue to be evaluated. The Company anticipates completing these restructuring activities in the second half of 2025. The actual timing and amount of costs associated with these restructuring actions may differ from our current expectations and estimates and such differences may be material.
Loss Accrual
On a quarterly basis, we evaluate any potential losses related to our extended maintenance contracts for sales of equipment, related infrastructure and other that have been sold. The following table shows the roll forward of balances in the accrual for loss contracts (in thousands):
| | | | | | |
| | Six months ended | | Year ended | ||
|
| June 30, 2025 |
| December 31, 2024 | ||
Beginning balance | | $ | 134,356 | | $ | 137,853 |
(Benefit)/provision for loss accrual | | | (4,493) | | | 45,226 |
Releases to service cost of sales | | | (23,862) | | | (51,578) |
Increase to loss accrual related to customer warrants | | | 2,549 | | | 3,313 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | | | 963 | | | (458) |
Ending balance | | $ | 109,513 | | $ | 134,356 |
The Company recorded a benefit for loss accrual during the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily due to reductions in cost to service our GenDrive units and improvements on forecasted future costs.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including but not limited to those related to revenue recognition, valuation of inventories and intangible assets, valuation of long-lived assets, valuation of equity method investments, accrual for service loss contracts, operating and finance leases, allowance for credit losses, unbilled revenue, common stock warrants, stock-based compensation, income taxes, and contingencies. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which
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form the basis for making judgments about (1) the carrying values of assets and liabilities and (2) the amount of revenue and expenses realized that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
There have been no changes in our critical accounting estimates from those reported in our 2024 Form 10-K.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance
There have been no significant changes in our reported financial position or results of operations and cash flows resulting from the adoption of new accounting pronouncements.
Recently Issued and Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2025, Accounting Standards Update 2025-04 (“ASU 2025-04”), Clarifications to Share-Based Consideration Payable to a Customer, was issued to reduce diversity in practice and improve the decision usefulness and operability of the guidance for share-based consideration payable to a customer in conjunction with selling goods or services. This standard is effective for annual periods, including interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2026 with early adoption permitted. The Company has not yet adopted ASU 2025-04 and is still evaluating the impact of the adoption on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
In July 2025, Accounting Standards Update 2025-05 (“ASU 2025-05”), Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, was issued to address challenges encountered when applying the guidance in Topic 326 to current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606. This standard introduces a practical expedient for entities that assumes that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset. This standard is effective for annual periods, including interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2025 with early adoption permitted. The Company has not yet adopted ASU 2025-05 and is still evaluating the impact of the adoption on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
Other than the accounting standards mentioned above and in our 2024 Form 10-K, all issued but not yet effective accounting and reporting standards as of June 30, 2025 are either not applicable to the Company or are not expected to have a material impact on the Company.
Item 3 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
There has been no material change from the information provided in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K under the section titled Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk”.
Item 4 — Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (our principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (our principal financial officer), as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of June 30, 2025. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
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have concluded that as of June 30, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. We continue to review and document our disclosure controls and procedures, including our internal controls and procedures for financial reporting, and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing their effectiveness and to ensure that our systems evolve with our business.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes to the internal control over financial reporting of the Company identified in connection with the Company’s evaluation referred to above that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings
See Note 16, “Commitments and Contingencies”, within Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion regarding material legal proceedings.
Except as otherwise noted, there have been no material developments in legal proceedings. For previously reported information about legal proceedings, refer to Note 23, “Commitments and Contingencies”, of the notes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Form 10-K.
Item 1A – Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors that could materially affect the Company’s business, financial condition or future results discussed in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” and the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors”. The risks described in the 2024 Form 10-K and the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 are not the only risks that could affect the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results in the future. There have been no material changes to the risk factors identified in the 2024 Form 10-K and the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025.
Item 2 - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
| (a) | On April 28, 2025, the Company entered into the Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement with YA II PN, Ltd. pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to YA II PN, Ltd. a warrant to purchase 31,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Warrant”) within five days of the date on which the Company obtains stockholder approval (i) to increase the number of its authorized shares of common stock or (ii) for a reverse stock split with respect to its common stock. On July 8, 2025, the Company issued the Warrant to YA II PN, Ltd. The Warrant has an exercise price of $1.37, is exercisable at any time on or after the date of issuance and will expire on July 10, 2028. |
The Warrant was issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The shares of common stock that may be issued upon exercise of the Warrant will be issued pursuant to the same exemption or pursuant to the exemption provided by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act.
On July 9, 2025, the Company filed a prospectus supplement to its automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-287577) relating to the resale by YA II PN, Ltd. of the common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrant. If the Warrant is exercised on a cash basis for all 31,500,000 shares of common stock, the Company will receive proceeds of approximately $43.2 million. The Company expects to use any such proceeds primarily for working capital and general corporate purposes. In the event that at the time of exercise of the Warrant, there is no effective registration statement, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance or resale of the shares of common stock, YA II PN, Ltd. may exercise the Warrant on a “cashless basis” which, if elected by YA II PN, Ltd., will reduce the number of shares of common stock issued upon exercise of the Warrant in lieu of cash payment.
(b) Not applicable.
(c) None.
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Item 3 — Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4 — Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
Item 5 — Other Information
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Item 6 — Exhibits
3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Plug Power Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Plug Power Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2009 and incorporated by reference herein) |
3.2 | Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Plug Power Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.3 to Plug Power Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2009 and incorporated by reference herein) |
3.3 | Second Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Plug Power Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Plug Power Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 19, 2011 and incorporated by reference herein) |
3.4 | Third Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Plug Power Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Plug Power Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 25, 2014 and incorporated by reference herein) |
3.5 | Certificate of Correction to Third Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Plug Power Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.9 to Plug Power Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 10, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein) |
3.6 | Fourth Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Plug Power Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Plug Power Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 30, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein) |
3.7 | Fifth Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Plug Power Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.7 to Plug Power Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 5, 2021 and incorporated by reference herein) |
3.8 | Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of a Series of Preferred Stock of Plug Power Inc. classifying and designating the Series A Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Plug Power Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on June 24, 2009 and incorporated by reference herein) |
3.9 | Seventh Amended and Restated By-laws of Plug Power Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Plug Power Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 26, 2024 and incorporated by reference herein) |
4.1 | Warrant to Purchase Common Stock (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Plug Power Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 9, 2025 and incorporated by reference herein) |
31.1* | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
31.2* | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
32.1** | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
32.2** | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
101.INS* | Inline XBRL Instance Document |
101.SCH* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
101.CAL* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
101.DEF* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
101.LAB* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document |
101.PRE* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
104* | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |
* | Submitted electronically herewith. |
** | Pursuant to Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K, this certification is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |
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Signatures
Pursuant to requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| | |
| PLUG POWER INC. | |
| | |
Date: August 11, 2025 | By: | /s/ Andrew Marsh |
| | Andrew Marsh |
| | President, Chief Executive |
| | |
Date: August 11, 2025 | By: | /s/ Paul B. Middleton |
| | Paul B. Middleton |
| | Chief Financial Officer (Principal |
62
FAQ
What were Plug Power (PLUG) revenues and net loss for Q2 2025?
How much cash and restricted cash did PLUG report at June 30, 2025?
What financing did Plug Power complete in 2025 to support liquidity?
Does PLUG say it has enough capital for the next 12 months?
What material write-downs or impairments did PLUG record?
