Tvardi Therapeutics (NASDAQ: TVRD) chooses ulcerative colitis for TTI-109
Rhea-AI Filing Summary
Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc. has selected ulcerative colitis (UC) as the initial disease indication for its next‑generation oral STAT3 inhibitor TTI‑109. This decision follows a Phase 1 healthy volunteer study in which TTI‑109 modulated multiple STAT3‑driven immune cell populations, including Th17, T follicular helper and B cells implicated in UC pathology, with what the company describes as a differentiated safety profile from JAK inhibitors across more than 400 subjects dosed with its STAT3 inhibitors.
The company plans to initiate a study of TTI‑109 in patients with moderate‑to‑severe UC in 2027, subject to Investigational New Drug clearance and additional funding. Safety will be the primary endpoint, with clinical remission at 12 weeks as a key secondary endpoint and exploratory pharmacodynamic analyses of serum and tissue biomarkers and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Tvardi highlights UC as a large, underserved market with more than 1.25 million diagnosed patients in the United States and an estimated addressable market of approximately $3 billion domestically and $9 billion globally, while it continues to advance related STAT3 inhibitor TTI‑101 in hepatocellular carcinoma and other fibrotic and inflammatory settings.
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Filing Explained
The
8-K Event Classification
Key Figures
Key Terms
ulcerative colitis (UC) medical
STAT3 medical
placebo-adjusted clinical remission medical
Investigational New Drug (IND) application regulatory
Key Opinion Leader (KOL) webinar other
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FAQ
What did Tvardi Therapeutics (TVRD) announce about TTI-109 and ulcerative colitis?
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Item 7.01 Regulation FD Disclosure.
On July 30, 2026, Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc. (the "Company") issued a press release entitled "Tvardi Therapeutics Selects Ulcerative Colitis as Initial Indication for TTI-109." The full text of the press release is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.
On July 30, 2026, the Company also made available an updated corporate presentation. A copy of the presentation is attached as Exhibit 99.2 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.
The information in this Item 7.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K (including Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2) is being furnished and shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that Section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.
Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(d) Exhibits
| Exhibit No. | Description | |
| 99.1 | Press release issued on July 30, 2026. | |
| 99.2 | Corporate presentation, dated July 30, 2026. | |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document). |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
| TVARDI THERAPEUTICS, INC. | ||
| Date: July 30, 2026 | By: | /s/ Imran Alibhai |
| Name: | Imran Alibhai | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
Exhibit 99.1
Tvardi Therapeutics Selects Ulcerative Colitis as Initial Indication for TTI-109
STAT3 acts as a convergent node downstream of multiple signaling pathways implicated in ulcerative colitis (UC), integrating immune dysregulation, inflammation and tissue remodeling
More than 70% of patients do not achieve clinical remission with currently approved UC therapies, which target individual upstream pathways; TTI-109 is designed to directly inhibit STAT3 where these pathways intersect
Selection follows completion of the TTI-109 Phase 1 healthy volunteer study, which demonstrated placebo-adjusted reductions across cellular and humoral immune cell subsets implicated in UC pathology
Company to host KOL webinar with Dr. Randy Longman, M.D., Ph.D. on Wednesday, August 19 at 11:00 AM ET to discuss current treatment landscape and share new data supporting the potential of TTI-109 in UC
HOUSTON, TX – July 30, 2026 -- Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc. (“Tvardi” or the “Company”) (NASDAQ: TVRD), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of novel, oral, small molecule therapies targeting STAT3 to treat inflammatory and proliferative diseases, today announced that it has selected ulcerative colitis (UC) as the initial disease indication for its next generation STAT3 inhibitor, TTI-109.
Tvardi’s decision follows its successful Phase 1 healthy volunteer study, in which TTI-109 successfully modulated multiple STAT3-driven immune cell populations, including Th17, T follicular helper (Tfh) and B cells. These same cell types are known to expand with UC disease severity and infiltrate the inflamed colon.
Further analysis of immune cell populations across the active dose range elucidated:
| · | Broad suppression of pathogenic Th17-associated immune populations, including up to 76% reduction in subsets associated with mucosal destruction and treatment-refractory UC |
| · | The Tfh immune populations that drive mucosal B cell responses were reduced up to 43% in Tfh subsets associated with disease UC activity |
| · | Suppression extended to B cell (humoral) immunity, including up to 71% decline in subsets associated with colonic inflammation |
STAT3 sits at the center of the three interconnected processes that drive UC: immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation and the tissue remodeling that leads to fibrosis, positioning it as a single, convergent therapeutic target for a disease with multiple underlying drivers. These findings are further supported by published clinical studies linking reductions in activated STAT3 with higher rates of clinical remission across multiple UC therapeutic classes.
UC is a large and underserved market. More than 1.25 million patients are diagnosed with UC in the United States, representing an addressable market of approximately $3 billion in the U.S. and $9 billion globally. Currently approved therapies, including anti-TNF, anti-integrin, anti-IL-12/23, S1P and JAK inhibitors, achieve placebo-adjusted clinical remission rates below 30%, and most are administered parenterally. Additionally, JAK inhibitors carry a black box warning for major adverse cardiovascular events, mortality, thrombosis, serious infections and malignancy.
By contrast, TTI-109, an oral small molecule, is designed to inhibit STAT3 directly, addressing the inflammation, immune dysregulation and proliferation that single-pathway therapies leave unresolved. Across more than 400 subjects dosed to date with Tvardi’s STAT3 inhibitors demonstrated a differentiated safety profile from JAK inhibitors. TTI-109 is administered orally without a loading dose, and in preclinical models of UC, achieved more than eight-fold greater drug concentration in target tissue relative to plasma.
Imran Alibhai, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer of Tvardi, stated, “In our healthy volunteer study we observed reductions across immune cell populations that the published literature implicates in UC pathogenesis, and we saw them consistently across the active dose range. STAT3 sits downstream of the cytokines that drive UC, including IL-23, IL-6 and IL-17. We believe a single oral agent acting at that convergence point has the potential to help patients who have not responded adequately to a biologic or JAK inhibitor. This is what led us to prioritize UC as our initial indication for TTI-109.”
Planned UC Clinical Trial
Tvardi plans to initiate a study of TTI-109 in patients with moderate-to-severe UC in 2027, subject to clearance of Investigational New Drug (IND) application and additional funding. The primary endpoint will be safety, and the secondary endpoint will be clinical remission at 12 weeks. Exploratory pharmacodynamic endpoints will include serum/tissue biomarkers and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
Key Opinion Leader Webinar
Tvardi will host a Key Opinion Leader (KOL) webinar featuring Randy Longman, MD, PhD, of Weill Cornell Medicine on Wednesday, August 19, at 11:00 a.m. ET. During the event, Tvardi management will present new data supporting the therapeutic potential of TTI-109 in ulcerative colitis, while Dr. Longman will provide an overview of the evolving UC treatment landscape, remaining unmet needs and the potential role of novel therapies.
To register for the webinar, please click here or visit the Investor Relations section of Tvardi’s website.
KOL Biography – Randy Longman, MD, PhD
Randy Longman is the Director of the Jill Roberts Center for IBD and an Associate Professor of Medicine in the Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD at Weill Cornell Medicine. He received his undergraduate degree from Yale University, his M.D. from Weill Cornell Medical College, and his Ph.D. in immunology from The Rockefeller University. He completed clinical training in Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology at Columbia University Medical Center and a post-doctoral research fellowship with Dr. Dan Littman at the Skirball Institute, NYU School of Medicine. His research focuses on defining the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying host-microbiota interactions that drive the pathogenesis of mucosal and systemic inflammation in IBD. He has received research funding from many foundations including the NIH, Rainin Foundation, and the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation. In recognition of his research, he has received the Irma T. Hirschl Career Scientist Award and was recently elected to the American Society for Clinical Investigation. He is currently an associate editor at Journal for Crohn’s and Colitis and a member of the National Scientific Advisory Committee for the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation.
About Tvardi Therapeutics
Tvardi is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of novel, oral small molecule therapies targeting STAT3 to treat inflammatory and proliferative diseases with significant unmet need. STAT3 is a central mediator across critical signaling pathways that drive uncontrolled proliferation, survival and immune dysregulation. STAT3 is also positioned at the intersection of many signaling pathways integral to the survival and immune evasion of cancer cells. The Company has completed a Phase 1 healthy volunteer study of TTI-109 and plans to initiate a clinical trial of TTI-109 in its initial indication, ulcerative colitis, pending IND clearance and the availability of additional funding. The company is also conducting a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial of TTI-101 in hepatocellular carcinoma (NCT05440708). To learn more, please visit tvarditherapeutics.com or follow us on LinkedIn and X (Twitter).
Contacts:
For Tvardi:
Tvardi Investor Relations
ir@tvardi.com
PJ Kelleher
LifeSci Advisors
617-430-7579
pkelleher@lifesciadvisors.com
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-looking Statements
Statements contained in this press release regarding matters that are not historical facts are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Examples of these forward-looking statements include statements concerning the anticipated benefits of Tvardi’s product candidates, including TTI-109 in dermatologic and GI therapeutic areas and of the Company’s STAT3 inhibitors, including as compared to single-pathway biologics; the potential benefits of TTI-109 as compared to TTI-101, including improved delivery and tolerability; its ongoing and planned clinical trials, including its ongoing Phase 1b/2 clinical trial of TTI-101 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its planned future trials of TTI-109; the results from the Phase 1 trial of TTI-109 validating the Company’s prodrug strategy and supporting its continued development pathway; the Company’s plans to develop TTI-109 in UC, subject to clearance of an IND application and receipt of additional funding; and other statements regarding management’s intentions, plans, beliefs, expectations or forecasts for the future, and, therefore, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on them.
Because such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, including, among other things: the uncertainties associated with Tvardi’s product candidates, as well as risks associated with the clinical development and regulatory approval of product candidates, including potential delays in the completion of clinical trials or safety or other complications related to its product candidates; the ability to obtain IND clearance for TTI-109 in UC on the timelines expected or at all; the requirement for additional capital to continue to advance these product candidates, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all; the significant net losses Tvardi has incurred since inception; Tvardi’s ability to initiate and complete ongoing and planned preclinical studies and clinical trials and advance its product candidates through clinical development; the timing of the availability of data from Tvardi’s clinical trials; the outcome of preclinical testing and clinical trials of the Tvardi’s product candidates, including the ability of those trials to satisfy relevant governmental or regulatory requirements; Tvardi’s plans to research, develop and commercialize its current and future product candidates; the clinical utility, potential benefits and market acceptance of Tvardi’s product candidates; the estimated patient populations and total addressable markets for the indications in which Tvardi seeks to develop its product candidates; Tvardi’s anticipated cash runway; Tvardi’s ability to attract, hire, and retain skilled executive officers and employees; Tvardi’s ability to protect its intellectual property and proprietary technologies; Tvardi’s reliance on third parties, contract manufacturers and contract research organizations; the possibility that Tvardi may be adversely affected by other economic, business or competitive factors; risks associated with changes in applicable laws or regulations; those factors discussed in Tvardi’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the “Risk Factors” section of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, and Tvardi’s other documents subsequently filed with or furnished to the SEC, all of which are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. All forward-looking statements contained in this press release speak only as of the date on which they were made. The company undertakes no obligation to update such statements to reflect events that occur or circumstances that exist after the date on which they were made, except as required by law.
Exhibit 99.2
Overview July 2026
This presentation contains forward - looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other th an statements of historical facts, contained in this presentation, including statements about our expectations regarding the potential benefits, activity, effec tiv eness, and safety of our product candidates, our expectations with regard to the design and results of our research and development programs, preclinical studies, and cli nic al trials, including the timing and availability of data from such studies and trials, our preclinical, clinical, and regulatory development plans for our produc t c andidates, including the timing or likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals for our product candidates, our cash position and anticipated cash runway, and our ability a cce ss additional capital to advance our clinical programs, our expectations with regard to our ability to license, acquire, discover, and develop additional products ca ndidates and advance such product candidates into, and successfully complete, preclinical studies and clinical trials, the potential market size and size of th e p otential patient populations for our product candidates and any future product candidates, our ability to maintain existing, and establish new, strategic collaborations, lic ensing, or other arrangements, the scope of protection we are able to establish and maintain for intellectual property rights covering our initial product candidates and an y future product candidates, our business strategy, and our future results of operations and financial position, and our anticipated cash runway are forward - looking state ments. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “target,” “potential,” “will,” “would,” “could, ” “ should,” “continue,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward - looking statements, although not all forward - looking statements contain these identifying words. Th ese forward - looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Risks regarding our business are described in detail in our Secu rit ies and Exchange Commission filings, including in our Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the year ended December 31, 2025, and our other filings with the SEC, which are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward - looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward - looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward - looking statements we make. The forward - looking statements contained in this presentation reflect our current views with respect to futu re events, and we assume no obligation to update any forward - looking statements except as required by applicable law. This presentation also contains estimates and other statistical data made by independent parties and by us relating to market si ze and growth and other data about our industry. This data involves a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such est imates. Industry publications and third - party research, surveys and studies generally indicate that their information has been obtained from sources believed to be r eli able, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information. In addition, projections, assumptions, and estimates of our future performance and the future performance of the markets in which we operate are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk. This presentation contains trademarks, service marks, trade names and copyrights of Tvardi and other companies which are the pro perty of their respective owners. 2 Disclaimer and Forward - Looking Statements
STAT3: Highly Validated Convergent Node Translational Proof - of - Concept STAT3: central mediator in inflammatory and proliferative disease Our STAT3 Inhibitors are Designed to Address the Unmet Need in Inflammatory and Proliferative Diseases IL6 IL17 I L23 TTI - 109 Validation in P1 Healthy Volunteers TTI - 109 Lead Indication Ulcerative Colitis (UC) • Targeting a single convergent node • Oral therapy with targeted tissue exposure • Assessment of STAT3 - mediated inflammatory response signature Preclinical ↓ pY - STAT3 ↓ immune dysregulation ↓ inflammation ↓ proliferation Clinical Confirmed in patients 3 pY - STAT3: activated STAT3 induced by phosphorylation of tyrosine residue 705; PK: pharmacokinetics ↓ pY - STAT3 ↓ immune dysregulation ↓ inflammation ↓ proliferation Immune dysregulation Inflammation Proliferation x PK x GI tolerability x Immune modulation P TTI - 109
4 Targeting STAT3: a Convergence Point of Inflammatory and Proliferative Disease IL - 23 IL - 1 β IL - 6 IL - 21 IL - 17A/F IL - 12 TNF - α direct STAT3 activation indirect STAT3 activation TGF - β HGF Immune dysregulation Inflammation Proliferation Extracellular Cytosol Nucleus P Current Therapies Target Individual Pathways Single - pathway inhibition fails to suppress STAT3 due to redundant signaling cascades
5 Targeting STAT3: a Convergence Point of Inflammatory and Proliferative Disease Diverse Disease Signaling Pathways Converge on STAT3 IL - 23 IL - 1 β IL - 6 IL - 21 IL - 17A/F IL - 12 TNF - α direct STAT3 activation indirect STAT3 activation TGF - β HGF Immune dysregulation Inflammation Proliferation Selective inhibition of STAT3 nuclear function blocks three drivers of disease from a single target Extracellular Cytosol Nucleus Tvardi’s oral small m olecules inhibit STAT3 nuclear f unction… …With no impact on STAT3 mitochondrial function 1 1. Kasembeli et al. Biochem Pharmacol. 2021
6 STAT3’s Multi - modal Mechanism of Action in Inflammatory and Proliferative Diseases Restores Humoral & Cellular Immunity Immune Homeostasis Regression Tvardi’s Approach Tvardi’s Impact Down - regulates Inflammation & Proliferation CELLULAR IMMUNE Immune Dysregulation Pro - proliferative cells Activation of STAT3 Inflammation and Proliferation Mechanism of the Canonical Pathway Apoptotic Cell CD8+ Activated STAT3 MDSC Inactive STAT3 MDSC Activated STAT3 Inactive STAT3
7 Seasoned Leadership: Deep R&D and Operational Expertise Sujal Shah Chairman Michael Wyzga Director Cynthia Smith Director Susan Shiff, PhD Director Wallace Hall Director Dan Conn, JD, MBA CFO John Kauh, MD CMO Imran Alibhai, PhD CEO & Director David Tweardy, MD Founder & Advisor Ron DePinho, MD Founder & Advisor Keith Flaherty, MD Advisor Management Team Scientific Advisory Board Board of Directors BioMatrix Partners
TTI - 109
1. Tsimberidou et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2025 ;; 2. Tvardi Press Release: January 8, 2026 ; 3. Kasembeli et al. Biochem Pharmacol. 2021 ; 4. FDA requires warnings about increased risk of serious heart - related events, cancer, blood clots, and death for JAK inhibitors that treat certain chronic inflammatory conditions ; pY - STAT3: activated STAT3 induced by phosphorylation of tyrosine residue 705; SD: stable disease TTI - 101 Clinical Foundation for Development of TTI - 109 9 Median % Change from Baseline in pY - STAT3 H - score (proportion and intensity of pY - STAT3 staining) All patients with paired biopsies n=8 All SD patients with paired biopsies n=3 -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% ↓79% Among Stable Disease 8/10 patients had elevated pY - STAT3 at baseline; elevated pY - STAT3 defined as H - score >30 on a 0 - 300 scale ↓55% Overall Paired Biopsies after ~6 weeks of TTI - 101 pY - STAT3 Target Engagement Oncology Phase 1 1 Overall TTI - 101 Safety IL - 6 & Fibrosis Reduction REVERT IPF Phase 2 2 - 2.4% - 9.4% -20% -15% -10% -5% 0% 5% Pooled TTI - 101 vs Placebo Baseline - Weighted Percent Change in Fibrosis Score Baseline - Weighted Overall % Change in Fibrosis (SE) Baseline to 12 Weeks Placebo n=24 Pooled TTI - 101 n=15 -1.5 -1.25 -1 -0.75 -0.5 -0.25 0 TTI - 101 vs Placebo Decline in IL - 6 Placebo n=23 Pooled TTI - 101 n=15 IL - 6 Slope In over 300 subjects treated with TTI - 101: Mitochondrial toxicities observed with other STAT3 inhibitors 3 not observed with TTI - 101: • Peripheral neuropathy • Lactic acidosis Safety signals observed with JAK inhibitors 4 not observed with TTI - 101: • Major cardiovascular events • Malignancy • Cytopenias Most commonly reported adverse event with TTI - 101: diarrhea 1 TTI - 109 is designed to enhance delivery & improve tolerability while preserving mechanism of action 7% difference in weighted fibrosis score 4.5 - fold difference in slope • 100% of patients with elevated baseline pY - STAT3 demonstrated a decrease within ~6 weeks; greater decrease in pY - STAT3 among patients with stable disease
TTI - 109 Designed as a Prodrug to Enhance Delivery of STAT3 Inhibitor and Establish Favorable Target Product Profile 10 TTI - 109 Design Objectives • Preserve mechanism of action and observed clinical activity of TTI - 101 • Improve drug delivery • Diminish GI exposure Mean (SD) TTI - 101 and TTI - 109 Plasma Concentration (ng/mL) 0 10000 20000 30000 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 TTI-101 TTI-109 *The pharmacokinetics of TTI - 109 and TTI - 101 were evaluated in GLP toxicology studies in rats and monkeys. Systemic exposures to TTI - 101 from TTI - 109 administration were predictable in terms of molar equivalent amounts of anticipated TTI - 101. @ 2 hr >95% of TTI - 109 converted to TTI - 101 TTI - 109 28 - Day GLP Primate Study: TTI - 109 vs TTI - 101 Concentrations IND - Enabling GLP Results • No toxicology findings with TTI - 109, mirroring TTI - 101 • At equal molar doses, TTI - 109 and TTI - 101 had equivalent exposures • TTI - 109 rapidly converted to active moiety TTI - 101 Hours TTI - 101 P TTI - 109 TTI - 101 Phosphate prodrug designed to rapidly convert to active TTI - 101 in the blood
TTI - 101 recommended phase 2 dose of TTI - 101 (400mg BID) determined in oncology studies; PK: pharmacokinetics; BID: twice daily 11 Phase 1 Clinical Program Validated TTI - 109 as the Oral Prodrug of TTI - 101 Part B: Bioequivalence Crossover Study Randomized sequence of treatment of n=6 into each group TTI - 101 TTI - 109 TTI - 109 TTI - 101 Wash - out Part A: Single Ascending Dose (SAD) Primary & Secondary Objectives: • Confirm rapid PK conversion of TTI - 109 to TTI - 101 in humans • Confirm equivalent exposures of active moiety with TTI - 101 and TTI - 109 dosing • Demonstrate dose - dependent increases in TTI - 101 exposures from TTI - 109 administration • Characterize safety/tolerability of TTI - 109 relative to TTI - 101 after repeated doses Exploratory Objectives: • Evaluate pharmacodynamics of TTI - 109 in healthy participants TTI - 109 Placebo Part C: Multiple Ascending Dose (MAD) Randomized, double blind, placebo - controlled 21 - day BID dosing of TTI - 109 vs placebo with additional TTI - 101 arm TTI - 109 Placebo TTI - 101 n=8 n=8 n=8 n=8 n=8 n=8 n=8 n=6 n=6 n=6 n=6 Randomized, double blind, placebo - controlled Single dosing of TTI - 109 vs placebo 250mg 500mg 750mg 1000mg 125mg 250mg 375mg 500mg 400mg
*The pharmacokinetics of TTI - 109 and TTI - 101 were evaluated in GLP toxicology studies in rats and monkeys. Systemic exposures of TTI - 101 from TTI - 109 administration were predictable in terms of molar equivalent amounts of anticipated TTI - 101. SAD: Single Ascending Dose 12 TTI - 109 Rapidly Converted to Active TTI - 101: Consistent from Primate to Human SAD Plasma Concentrations of TTI - 101 vs TTI - 109 (500mg) Primate Study: Rapid conversion of TTI - 109 to active moiety TTI - 101 Human Study: Rapid conversion of TTI - 109 to active moiety TTI - 101 TTI - 109 28 - Day GLP Primate Study*: TTI - 109 vs TTI - 101 Concentrations TTI - 109 dosing yielded rapid conversion to the active moiety, TTI - 101, consistent with animal studies Mean (SD) TTI - 101 and TTI - 109 Plasma Concentration (ng/mL) 0 10000 20000 30000 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 TTI-101 TTI-109 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 TTI-101 TTI-109 Mean (SD) TTI - 101 and TTI - 109 Plasma Concentration (ng/mL) @ 2 hr >95% of TTI - 109 converted to TTI - 101 @ 2 hr >95% of TTI - 109 converted to TTI - 101 Hours Hours
TTI - 101 plasma concentrations following dosing with TTI - 101 400 mg vs TTI - 109 500 mg (427 mg TTI - 101 molar eq.) in fasted state; Fed and fasted resulted in similar concentrations 13 TTI - 109 Achieved Equivalent Active Moiety Exposure to TTI - 101 Equal molar dosing confirmed equivalent exposures of active moiety with TTI - 101 and TTI - 109 Single Dose Single Dose Randomization Washout 48 hrs TTI - 109 500mg TTI - 101 400mg Bioequivalence Cross - over Study Plasma Concentrations of TTI - 101 vs TTI - 109 Dosing (molar equivalent doses) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 TTI-101 400mg Fasted TTI-109 500mg Fasted Mean (SD) TTI - 101 Plasma Concentration (ng/mL) TTI - 109 500mg ≈ TTI - 101 400mg Near molar equivalent dosages Hours
SAD: Single Ascending Dose; MAD: Multiple Ascending Dose; PK = Pharmacokinetics; STAT3 IC 50 : in a controlled system where proliferation is driven by pY - STAT3, TTI - 101 inhibits cell growth with an IC ₅₀ of approximately 1.5µM (707ng/mL) 14 TTI - 109 Repeat Dosing Delivered Predictable Steady State Parameters Predictable, dose - proportional PK with exposures above STAT3 IC 50 Mean (SD) TTI - 101 Plasma Concentration (ng/mL) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 0 4 8 12 250mg 500mg 750mg 1000mg 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 0 4 8 12 125mg BID 250mg BID 375mg BID 500mg BID 500mg AUC last : 21800 h*ng/mL 375mg AUC last : 18300 h*ng/mL 250mg AUC last : 13000 h*ng/mL 125mg AUC last : 8350 h*ng/mL SAD: Plasma Concentrations of TTI - 101 After Single Dose of TTI - 109 MAD: Plasma Concentrations of TTI - 101 After 21 - Day BID Dosing of TTI - 109 Similar PK at Day 1 and 21 Dose dependent increase in exposure IC50: 707ng/mL SAD MAD Hours Hours
TTI - 101 400mg (N=8) TTI - 109 500mg (N=8) TTI - 109 Doses 1 - 4 (N=32) Placebo (N=8) Adverse Event Preferred Term 6 (75%) 6 (75%) 19 (59%) 5 (63%) No. of participants reporting at least one TEAE 1 (3%)** - 1 (3%)* - AEs leading to drug withdrawal Grade 2 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 1 TEAEs observed in ≥ 2 subjects per cohort - 3 (38%) - 2 (25%) 1 (3%) 10 (31%) - 2 (25%) Diarrhea - 3 (38%) - 2 (25%) 1 (3%) 3 (9%) - - Abdominal pain - 1 (13%) - - 1 (3%) 4 (13%) - 1 (13%) Headache 1 (13%) 1 (13%) - 1 (13%) - 1 (3%) - 1 (13%) Constipation MAD: Multiple Ascending Dose; TTI - 101 400 mg vs TTI - 109 500 mg (427 mg TTI - 101 molar eq.); TEAE: treatment emergent adverse even t 15 TTI - 109 Phase 1 TEAE Profile • No serious adverse events • No dose dependent pattern in the TEAEs • No clinically relevant changes in vital signs or ECGs TTI - 109 500mg ≈ TTI - 101 400mg Near molar equivalent dosages MAD Similar incidence of TEAEs across all groups *TTI - 109 250mg BID subject discontinued due to grade 3 transaminitis; however, transaminases began to improve while on TTI - 109, suggesting AE was unlikely related: bilirubin remained normal throughout treatment; **TTI - 101 400mg BID subject discontinued due to diarrhea
1.19 1.10 0.47 3.35 0 1 2 3 4 5 Placebo TTI-109 All doses TTI-109 500 mg BID TTI-101 400 mg BID TTI - 101 400mg (N=8) TTI - 109 500mg (N=8) TTI - 109 Doses 1 - 4 (N=32) Placebo (N=8) Adverse Event Preferred Term Grade 2 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 1 - 3 (38%) - 2 (25%) 1 (3%) 10 (31%) - 2 (25%) Diarrhea 1 (13%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Discontinuation MAD: Multiple Ascending Dose; TTI - 101 400 mg vs TTI - 109 500 mg (427 mg TTI - 101 molar eq.); Duration calculated as total per subj ect 16 Differential Diarrhea Pattern: TTI - 109 vs. TTI - 101 TTI - 109 : • Comparable to placebo • Shorter duration than TTI - 101 • Transient and resolved without interruption TTI - 101 : • Trend for longer duration versus TTI - 109 or placebo • 1 subject discontinued due to diarrhea Mean total diarrhea duration (days) Treatment group; n=number of subjects with diarrhea Placebo - like duration of diarrhea with TTI - 109 Notable difference from TTI - 101 at similar dose MAD TTI - 109 500mg ≈ TTI - 101 400mg Near molar equivalent dosages n=2 n=11 n=2 n=3 TTI - 109 500mg ≈ TTI - 101 400mg Near molar equivalent dosages
1. Steward - Tharp et al. Immunobiology 2014 ; 2. Tweardy et al. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc . 2022 ; 3. Figures digitized from Robinson et al. Cancers 2023 : Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model 17 Preclinical Framework for Exploratory Pharmacodynamic Objectives pY - STAT3 drives cellular and humoral immunity STAT3 is an essential regulator of Th17 and B cells: T cell and B cell - specific STAT3 knockout mice are Th17 - deficient and unable to produce autoantibodies, respecitvely 1 Observed reduction of Th17 in diseased mice with TTI - 101 3 Recapitulated modulation of the immune system in diseased mouse models 0 30 60 90 0% DSS (water) 5% DSS + Vehicle 5% DSS + TTI-101 Mean Th17 cell number **p ⩽ 0.05 Colonic Th17 cells in IBD Model (5% DSS) 3 ** Th17 in healthy mice Observed reduction of Th17 in healthy mice with TTI - 101 2 In healthy mice, observed a 50% decrease in number of IL - 17 - producing CD4+ cells Day 1 Day 44 Blood Blood Spleen ** TTI - 101 vs DMSO treated mice p<0.05, ANOVA plus Tukey 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 % IL - 17 - producing CD4 ** Evaluating pharmacodynamics from HV • ↓ Th17 immune cell populations in healthy volunteers? • Additional STAT3 driven - immune cell populations modulated in the expected direction?
-80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Adj % Δ D1 Adj % Δ D2 Adj % Δ D3 Adj % Δ D4 Th17 T follicular helper cells B cells TTI - 109 by dose paired % Δ = ( Post−Pre)/Pre; placebo - adjusted (n=8 per dose). Cell population changes assessed by flow cytometry (FACS) on peripheral blood mo nonuclear cells (PBMC) collected from subjects in the Phase 1 multiple ascending dose (MAD) cohort; values shown represent percentage change from baseline, normalized to place bo, for each active dose cohort. Th17, T follicular helper (Tfh), and B cell populations identified by surface marker immunophenotyping 18 TTI - 109 Selectively Reduced Immune Cell Populations Driven by STAT3 in Phase 1 MAD Cohort At active doses, downregulation of STAT3 - driven immune populations observed: x Effects sustained across active dose range x Reduced Th17, Tfh and B cell populations x Reductions across 16 cellular and humoral immune subsets recognized as pathologic markers of inflammatory and proliferative diseases 125 mg 250 mg 375 mg 500 mg Active dose range 250mg - 500mg BID downregulated key markers by up to 60% % Change from baseline normalized to placebo MAD TTI - 109 modulated STAT3 - driven cellular (T cell) and humoral (B cell) immune populations
*Placebo - adjusted % change ( %Δ ) = TTI - 109 dose - group mean − pooled placebo mean (per - subject % change). Paired n: D2=8, D3=8, D4=8; pooled placebo n=8. 1. Wen Y, et al. Therap Adv Gastroenterol . 2024 ; 2. Meitei HT, et al. iScience . 2025 ; 3. Sun L, et al. Gastroenterol Res Pract . 2021 ; 4. Paroni M, et al. J Crohns Colitis . 2026 19 TTI - 109 Reduced Th17 Cells Implicated in UC Pathology UC Rationale %Δ Cell Type Central pathogenic effectors in UC and drive mucosal inflammation. 1 - 54% Th17 cells (core) Enriched in active UC biopsies. 2 - 47% CD4 T cells CCR6+ Drive IL - 21 - mediated B cell activation and pathogenic antibody production in UC . 2 - 51% CD4 T helpers CCR6+ Expanded in UC patients and drive pathogenic Th17 differentiation 2 - 43% CD4 Central Memory CCR6+ Enriched in UC mucosa and contribute to the sustained Th17 cytokine milieu driving colonic inflammation. 1 - 35% CD4 Transitional Memory CCR6+ Accumulate in inflamed UC mucosa and are a major source of pathogenic IL - 17 and IFN - γ. 1 - 76% CD4 Effector Memory CCR6+ Strongly associated with mucosal destruction and treatment - refractory UC. 1,4 - 76% CD4 Central Memory CXCR3+CCR4−CCR6+ (pTh17) Co - produce IL - 17 and IFN - γ, accumulating in IBD mucosa and sustaining tissue - destructive inflammation. 1 - 34% CD4 Transitional Memory CXCR3+CCR4−CCR6+ (pTh17) MAD Broad suppression of pathogenic Th17 - associated immune populations
* Placebo - adjusted % change ( %Δ ) = TTI - 109 dose - group mean − pooled placebo mean (per - subject % change). Paired n: D2=8, D3=8, D4=8; pooled placebo n=8. 1 . Sun L, et al. Gastroenterol Res Pract . 2021 ; 2. Long Y, et al. Front Immunol . 2020 ; 3. Xue G, et al. Medicine . 2019 20 TTI - 109 Reduced T Follicular Cells Implicated in UC Pathology UC Rationale %Δ Cell Type Drive UC through humoral autoantibody production and direct cellular Bcl6 - dependent mucosal inflammation . 1,2 - 34% T follicular helper cells (Tfh) Track with UC disease activity and provide IL - 21 - driven B - cell help. 3 - 38% CD4 T cells CXCR5+ Elevated in active UC, correlating with disease activity, memory B cell expansion, and plasmablast generation. 2 - 43% CD4 Central Memory CXCR5+ MAD Suppression extended beyond cellular immunity to the Tfh immune populations that drive mucosal B cell responses
*Placebo - adjusted % change ( %Δ ) = TTI - 109 dose - group mean − pooled placebo mean (per - subject % change). Paired n: D2=8, D3=8, D4=8; pooled placebo n=8. 1 . Uzzan M, et al. Nat Med . 2022 ; 2. Masaki Y, et al. Clin Exp Immunol . 2016 ; 3. Cupi ML, et al. J Immunol . 2014 21 UC Rationale %Δ Cell Type Mucosal B - cell and plasma cell expansion is a hallmark of active UC, contributing directly to colonic inflammation and tissue injury . 1 - 20% B cells Track serum Ig levels and humoral activity in active UC. 2 - 46% Memory B cells Plasmablast - skewed, class - switched humoral response correlates with UC disease activity. 1 - 56% Class - switched Memory Accumulate in the inflamed colon and generate autoantibodies against the gut lining, directly linking class - switched IgG B cells to mucosal damage . 1 - 71% Switched Memory IgG+ Aberrantly express cytotoxic granzyme B, contributing to epithelial damage. 3 - 42% Switched Memory IgA+ TTI - 109 Reduced B Cells Implicated in UC Pathology MAD Suppression extended to B cell (humoral) immunity associated with colonic inflammation and tissue damage
1. Tsimberidou et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2025 ; SD: Stable Disease; 2. Tvardi Press Release: January 8, 2026 ; pY - STAT3: activated STAT3 induced by phosphorylation of tyrosine residue 705; STAT3 IC 50 : in a controlled system where proliferation is driven by pY - STAT3, TTI - 101 inhibits cell growth with an IC ₅₀ of approximately 1.5µM (707ng/mL) We Believe TTI - 109 Advances TTI - 101's Clinical Profile Across PK, GI Tolerability and Immune Modulation 22 TTI - 109 enhanced characteristics support clinical development in UC TTI - 101 Clinical Observations 1,2 x Target Engagement ↓ pY - STAT3 x Inflammation ↓ IL - 6 x Proliferation ↓ Fibrosis TTI - 109 Clinical Observations x PK Rapid conversion with dose - proportional exposure >STAT3 IC ₅₀ x GI Tolerability Similar to placebo and improved over TTI - 101 x Immune Modulation ↓ Cellular and ↓ humoral disease related immune populations +
~$3B 2 US Market (2024) $9B 2 Global Market (2024) >1.25M 1 Diagnosed US Patients 1. Lewis Gastroenterology. 2023 ; 2. S&S Insider . Estimate includes patients identified with indeterminate IBD. 3. Clinical remission rates from product labels; UC: ulcerati ve colitis; MoA: mechanism of action; IV: intravenous; SC: subcutaneous; PO: oral; MACE: major adverse cardiovascular events; Values represent placebo - adjusted clinical r emission rates from pivotal induction studies and are intended for cross - mechanism comparison only. Direct comparisons across trials should be interpreted cautiously due to differences in study design, patien t p opulations, and assessments 23 UC: Large Market Opportunity with High Unmet Medical Need UC Therapy Landscape Placebo - adjusted clinical remission (induction) rates by MoA in UC 3 >70% of patients do not achieve clinical remission with existing therapies
Chronic immune activation and perpetuation of intestinal inflammation Persistent inflammation, tissue injury and ulceration 24 One Target, Three Mechanisms: pY - STAT3 Drives the Shared Biology of UC Immune Dysregulation Inflammation APC IL - 17A IL - 17F IL - 21 Autoantibodies Endothelial Activation Immune Cell Recruitment Barrier Dysfunction Macrophage Neutrophil Epithelial Injury Aberrant Crypt Regeneration Epithelial Hyperproliferation ↑ ECM Production (Fibrosis) Myofibroblast Activation (TGF - β, PDGF) Chronic remodeling, fibrosis and increased dysplasia risk TNF - ⍺ IL - 1β IL - 6 IL - 23 IL - 17A/F INF - γ Proliferation
1. Li et al. Gut 2010 2. Figures digitized from Robinson et al. Cancers 2023 : dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model; 3. Tvardi data generated with CRO: WuXi oxazolone (OXA) model; n=8 per group statistica l c omparison using exact Mann - Whitney + Kruskal - Wallis; 4. Tsimberidou et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2025 ; SD: Stable Disease; pY - STAT3: activated STAT3 induced by phosphorylation of tyrosine residue 705; *p ⩽ 0.05 25 pY - STAT3 Reduction Demonstrated in Preclinical Models and Clinical Biopsies pY - STAT3 levels restored to baseline after TVRD STAT3 inhibitor treatment Clinical PoC: Reduced pY - STAT3 Median % Change from Baseline in pY - STAT3 H - score (proportion and intensity of pY - STAT3 staining) All patients with paired biopsies n=8 All SD patients with paired biopsies n=3 -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% ↓79% Among Stable Disease 8/10 patients had elevated pY - STAT3 at baseline; elevated pY - STAT3 defined as H - score >30 on a 0 - 300 scale ↓55% Overall Paired Biopsies after ~6 weeks of TTI - 101 100% of patients with elevated baseline pY - STAT3 demonstrated a decrease within ~6 weeks 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0% DSS + Vehicle 5% DSS + Vehicle 5% DSS + TTI-101 pY - STAT3 / total protein 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Sham OXA+Vehicle OXA+TTI-109 pY - STAT3 H - Score * * GI model driven by innate immune axis (DSS) 2 GI model driven by adaptive immune axis (OXA) 3 Oncology Phase 1 4 Activated STAT3 Control Inactive UC Active UC pY - STAT3 positive epithelial cells (%) Negative (<10%) Positive (10%, 20%) Strong positive (>30%) pY - STAT3 is associated with UC clinical activity 1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Sham TNBS + vehicle TNBS + TTI-101 IL - 17+ (Th17) cells per field 1. Zhang el al. European Journal of Inflammation . 2023 ; 2. Uo et al. Gut 2013 ; 3. Figures digitized from Robinson et al. J Clin Med 2022 : 2,4,6 - trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) model; 4. Figures digitized from Robinson et al. Cancers 2023 : dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model; *p ⩽ 0.05 TTI - 101 vs vehicle 26 STAT3 Inhibition Normalized Preclinical and Clinical Pathogenic Immune Cell Populations Th17 restored to homeostatic levels after TVRD STAT3 inhibitor Clinical PoC: Reduced key immune cell populations * Phase 1 Healthy Volunteers TTI - 109 Dosage Placebo - adjusted Percent Change from Baseline 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0% DSS (water) 5% DSS + Vehicle 5% DSS + TTI-101 Mean Th17 cells 26 GI model driven by innate immune axis (DSS) 4 Cellular (Th17) and Humoral (B cell) dysregulation in UC patients GI model driven by adaptive immune axis (TNBS) 3 * Downregulation of STAT3 - driven immune populations observed with TTI - 109 Immune dysregulation Th17 cell frequency increases with UC disease severity (p<0.01). Th17 positively correlated with Mayo score (p < 0.001) 1 B cells/plasma cells heavily infiltrate the inflamed mucosa of UC patients 2 CD138+ (Plasma cells) Normal UC Colonic Mucosa
0 1 2 3 4 0% DSS + Vehicle 5% DSS + Vehicle 5% DSS + TTI-101 Colonic Inflammatory score -1.5 -1.25 -1 -0.75 -0.5 -0.25 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Sham TNBS + vehicle TNBS + TTI-101 Colonic inflammatory score 1. Fu et al. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2025 ; a P < 0.01; b P < 0.001; 2. Figures digitized from Robinson et al. Cancers 2023 : dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model; 3. Figures digitized from Robinson et al. J Clin Med 2022 : 2,4,6 - trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) model; 4. Tvardi Press Release: January 8, 2026 ; *p ⩽ 0.05 TTI - 101 vs vehicle 27 STAT3 Inhibition Reduced IL - 6 and Inflammation Preclinically and in Patients Colonic inflammation significantly attenuated with TVRD STAT3 inhibitor Clinical PoC: Reduced IL - 6 * GI model driven by innate immune axis (DSS) 2 GI model driven by adaptive immune axis (TNBS) 3 IPF Phase 2 4 Greater decrease in IL - 6 slope among pooled patients treated with TTI - 101 vs placebo IL - 6: a key pro - inflammatory cytokine that signals via STAT3 TTI - 101 vs Placebo Decline in IL - 6 IL - 6 Slope 4.5 - fold difference in slope Placebo n=23 Pooled TTI - 101 n=15 * Inflammation Inflammatory cytokine IL - 6 correlates with UC severity Increases in serum levels of inflammatory marker IL - 6 significantly associated with worsening disease activity 1
0 2 4 6 8 0% DSS (naïve) 5% DSS + Vehicle 5% DSS + TTI-101 Colon Length (cm) 1. Vespa et al. J. Clin Med. 2022 ; 2. Figures digitized from Robinson et al. Cancers 2023 : dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model; 3. Tvardi Press Release: January 8, 2026 ; *p ⩽ 0.05 TTI - 101 vs vehicle 28 STAT3 Inhibition Reduced Proliferative Signaling and Fibrosis Preclinically and in Patients Preserved tissue integrity and colon length with TVRD STAT3 inhibitor Clinical PoC: Reduced fibrosis GI model driven by innate immune axis (DSS) 2 Vehicle 5% DSS 5% DSS + TTI - 101 * Greater decrease in fibrosis score (improvement in fibrosis) among pooled patients treated with TTI - 101 vs placebo - 2.4% - 9.4% -20% -15% -10% -5% 0% 5% Pooled TTI - 101 vs Placebo Baseline - Weighted Percent Change in Fibrosis Score Baseline - Weighted Overall % Change in Fibrosis (SE) Baseline to 12 Weeks Placebo n=24 Pooled TTI - 101 n=15 7% difference in weighted fibrosis score IPF Phase 2 3 Proliferation Proliferation and fibrosis correlate with UC severity Disease severity indices integrate histologic architecture 1 Healthy colon UC colon
QD: once daily dosing; BID: twice daily dosing; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphisms; Subject to IND submission and the avail abi lity of additional funding Proposed Clinical Trial Designed to Address Key Challenges in UC Dose 4 (BID) Dose 3 (BID) Placebo Dose 2 (QD) Dose 1 (QD) R Treatment Period (Induction 12 weeks) Maintenance Period (12 weeks) Study Design Why Target STAT3 with TTI - 109? Key Challenges in UC STAT3 integrates multiple mechanisms of disease modification Overcoming persistent disease biology Favorable safety profile, target - specific design with rapid biologic effect A differentiated oral therapy with targeted exposure Targeting STAT3 offers a distinct opportunity to develop a STAT3 - mediated response signature Enabling precision medicine Endpoints • Primary: Safety • Secondary: Efficacy • Clinical remission at 12 weeks • Exploratory: Pharmacodynamics • Serum biomarkers • Tissue analysis • Genetic SNPs Key inclusion criteria : • Moderate to severe UC • Inadequate response to prior advanced therapies
Preserved colon integrity 2 ↓ Colonic inflammatory score 1,2,3 ↓ Pathogenic Th17 1,2 UC Murine Models with TTI - 101/109 ↓ Fibrosis score 4 ↓ Inflammatory cytokine IL - 6 4 ↓ Key immune cell populations Human Data with TTI - 101/109 30 Overcoming Persistent Disease Biology IL - 23 IL - 1 β IL - 6 IL - 21 IL - 17A/F IL - 12 TNF - α direct STAT3 activation indirect STAT3 activation TGF - β HGF Proliferation Immune dysregulation Inflammation 1. Robinson et al. J Clin Med 2022 ; 2. Robinson et al. Cancers 2023 ; 3. Tvardi data generated with CRO; 4. Tvardi Press Release: January 8, 2026 Single - pathway inhibition fails to suppress STAT3 due to redundant signaling cascades Targeting STAT3 integrates multiple mechanisms of UC
1. FDA requires warnings about increased risk of serious heart - related events, cancer, blood clots, and death for JAK inhibitors th at treat certain chronic inflammatory conditions; 2. Ozanimod Prescribing Information ; 3. Etrasimod Prescribing Information ; 4. Robinson et al. Int. J. Mol. Sci 2025; 5. Tsimberidou et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2025 ; 6. Tvardi Press Release: January 8, 2026 31 A Differentiated Oral Therapy with Targeted Exposure TVRD STAT3 inhibitors (STAT3i) Current oral therapies Safety • Class - related safety risks with JAK inhibitors 1 and S1P 2,3 modulators: • MACE • Venous thromboembolism • Malignancy • Immunosuppression Targeted exposure • UC therapies often require loading or extended induction periods Favorable safety profile, target - specific design with rapid biologic effect Differentiated safety profile • Safety profile with TVRD STAT3i ~400 subjects: differentiated from JAK inhibitors and S1P modulators Designed for diseased tissue • >8x: Target - dependent accumulation in colon tissue (vs plasma) in UC models 4 Rapid biologic effect • 83% of objective responses observed by week 8 (Ph1 oncology) 5 • Decline in key immune subsets observed by day 21 (Phase 1 HV) • Observed reduction in fibrosis score by week 12 (Phase 2 IPF) 6
1. Schreiber et al Gastroenterology 2021 ; 2. Verstockt et al J. Crohn’s and Colitis 2025 ; 3. Zhang et al Plos One 2014 ; 4. Wang et al Genet Mol Res. 2014 32 Enabling Precision Medicine Exploratory Candidate Biomarkers Limited Molecular Insight • Current available therapies have broad unselected patient populations • Response remains unpredictable • Molecular characterization of responders and non - responders remains an important unmet need pY - STAT3 associated with clinical activity 1,2 • Reduction of pY - STAT3 is correlated with response to treatment • Non - responders demonstrated little or no reduction of pY - STAT3 Genetic SNPs and inflammatory signatures may inform future patient enrichment strategy • Polymorphisms of STAT3 that increase risk of developing UC 3,4 • rs744166; rs2293152 • STAT3 - mediated immune signatures • Pathogenic Th17, Th17/Th1 • Inflammatory macrophages • CD4+ Tfh We believe targeting STAT3 offers a distinct opportunity to develop a STAT3 - mediated response signature
STAT3: Highly Validated Convergent Node Translational Proof - of - Concept STAT3: central mediator in inflammatory and proliferative disease Our STAT3 Inhibitors are Designed to Address the Unmet Need in Inflammatory and Proliferative Diseases IL6 IL17 I L23 TTI - 109 Validation in P1 Healthy Volunteers TTI - 109 Lead Indication Ulcerative Colitis (UC) • Targeting a single convergent node • Oral therapy with targeted tissue exposure • Assessment of STAT3 - mediated inflammatory response signature Preclinical ↓ pY - STAT3 ↓ immune dysregulation ↓ inflammation ↓ proliferation Clinical Confirmed in patients 33 pY - STAT3: activated STAT3 induced by phosphorylation of tyrosine residue 705; PK: pharmacokinetics ↓ pY - STAT3 ↓ immune dysregulation ↓ inflammation ↓ proliferation Immune dysregulation Inflammation Proliferation x PK x GI tolerability x Immune modulation P TTI - 109
*Tvardi’s ability to initiate these programs is subject to clearance of Investigational New Drug (IND) application and the av ail ability of additional funding 34 Our Pipeline Anticipated Milestones Phase 3 Phase 2 Phase 1 Preclinical Indication Program • Study initiation expected 2027* Ulcerative Colitis (UC) TTI - 109 • Phase 1b/2 topline data 2H:2026 Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) TTI - 101 Phase 1b/2 IND submission expected 2027*
TTI - 101 in HCC
Jung KH et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2017 . Genetically engineered HepPTEN - murine model that replicates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced hepatocellular carcin oma (HCC) 36 TTI - 101 Reversed Multiple Pathogenic Steps of Liver Cancer in a NASH - induced HCC Model Inflammation Fibrosis/Cirrhosis HCC STAT3 - mediated pathogenesis TTI - 101 STAT3 - inhibition in NASH - induced HCC TTI - 101 Tumor volume Microsteatosis Placebo TTI - 101 TTI - 101 Fibrosis Placebo TTI - 101 After formation of tumors at 11 months, we observed treatment with TTI - 101 therapeutically reduced inflammation, fibrosis, and tumor growth
Tsimberidou et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2025 37 Phase 1 Clinical Trial: First in Human TTI - 101 Monotherapy Study Design Advanced Solid Tumors Liver Cancer Liver Cancer RP2D Other Solid Tumors Other Solid Tumors RP2D Objectives: • Primary: Maximum tolerated dose, safety, and pharmacokinetics • Secondary: Clinical efficacy and pharmacodynamics Dose Escalation Dose Expansion
Tsimberidou et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2025 38 Phase 1 Clinical Trial: TTI - 101 Monotherapy Led to Durable Partial Responses in Fibrotic Tumors Baseline Cycle 5, Day 1 Cycle 3, Day 1 Diameter Length in mm (% Change from Baseline) 41mm (0%) 14mm ( - 66%) 21mm ( - 49%) 14mm ( - 70%) 19mm ( - 59%) 46mm (0%) Target Lung Met Target Liver Met Partial Responder A: HCC • Failed sorafenib, pembro, nivo, nivo+bev • Best Response: 42% Reduction in Sum of Targets Overall • Sustained PR for 10 months Partial Responder B: HCC • Failed lenvatinib, nivo • Best Response: 66% Reduction in Sum of Targets Overall • Sustained PR for 14 months
Tsimberidou et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2025 ; *STAT3 IC 50 : in a controlled system where proliferation is driven by WT STAT3, TTI - 101 inhibits cell growth with an IC ₅₀ of approximately 1.5µM; Kasembeli et al. Blood. 2022 . SD: Stable Disease; TRAE: Treatment related adverse events; F1 - 3: Formulation 1 - 3 39 Phase 1: TTI - 101 Monotherapy Clinical Trial Summary Tolerability PK / PD Biological Activity • Well - t olerated BID oral dosing • No DLTs *Most severe AE counted per subject by grade (G1/2=grade 1 or 2, G3=grade 3) **5 subjects started on F2 and transitioned to F3 ***Elevated alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) is the sum of elevated ALT and AST events TRAEs Occurring in >10% of Patients • Exposure s in humans above the level required for efficacy in preclinical inflammatory and proliferative models • Linear PK from DL1 - 3 • Exposures above IC 50 for STAT3 induced growth* • Exposure plateaued at DL3, resulting in a RP2D of 12.8mg/kg/day Median % Change from Baseline in pY - STAT3 H - Score (proportion and intensity of pY - STAT3 staining) All patients with paired biopsies n=8 All SD patients with paired biopsies n=3 -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% ↓79% Among Stable Disease 8/10 patients had elevated pY - STAT3 at baseline; elevated pY - STAT3 defined as H - score >30 on a 0 - 300 scale ↓55% Overall • 100% of patients with elevated pY - STAT3 levels at baseline demonstrated decrease within ~6 weeks of TTI - 101 therapy • 55% decrease in pY - STAT3 overall; 79% in SD • Enhanced biological activity in fibrotic cancers with ORR that exceeds current standard of care in HCC • Current expected ORR in 2L HCC is <5% 35% 47% 3, 18% Best Overall Response Among HCC Patients, N=17 Median prior therapies=2 Paired Biopsies after ~6 weeks of TTI - 101 Partial Response Stable Disease Progressive Disease F3 N=7** F2 N=47 F1 N=15 Formulation G3 G1/2 G3 G1/2 G3 G1/2 Grade, n (%) 0 (0) 2 (29) 6 (13) 16 (34) 3 (20) 3 (20) Diarrhoea 1 (14) 0 (0) 1 (2) 6 (13) 0 (0) 4 (26) Nausea 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 4 (8) 0 (0) 6 (40) Fatigue 1 (14) 1 (14) 4 (8) 1 (2) 1 (7) 1 (7) Elevated ALT/AST*** 0 (0) 2 (4) 3 (20) Dose reduction 0 (0) 2 (4) 0 (0) Dose discont.
1. Adapted from Zhao, Y et al. Hepatology. 2021 2. Cohen et al. Ann Oncol. 2018 3. Siu et al. JAMA Oncol. 2019 . ICI: Immune Checkpoint Inhibition; Bev: Bevacizumab. Certain data on this slide are based on cross - study comparisons and are not based on any head - to - head clinical trials. C ross - study comparisons are inherently limited and may suggest misleading similarities and differences. The values shown in the c ross - study comparisons are directional and may not be directly comparable. 4. Tsimberidou et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2025 40 Strong Rationale for TTI - 101 and ICI Combination Therapy 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 90 180 270 360 450 540 Days Sum of Targets Non-Target Lesion Preclinical Model POC Established for STAT3 Inhibition + ICI Phase 1 Trial Responder Overcame ICI Resistance After TTI - 101 Monotherapy → → Ph 2: Danvatirsen (STAT3 ASO) + Durvalumab (ICI) in 2L HNSCC 2 Danvatirsen key limitations: • Observed AEs: Thrombocytopenia and transaminitis • Onerous dosing: IV 3x week 1 then Q weekly • Poor PD: Inhibition of STAT3 not observed in tumor, only in stroma Danvatirsen development suspended by AZN/Ionis Dan+Durva 2 Durva 3 23% 9% ORR 7% 0% CR TTI - 101 additive to 1L SoC (ICI + Bev) 1 Progression due to non - target lesion New Response ICI + Bev Rechallenge Sum of Tumor Responses After ICI Failure, On TTI - 101 Therapy and After ICI+Bev Rechallenge 4 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 ICI Failure: Nivolumab 1 cycle Lesion Measurement (diameter long, mm) TTI - 101 Treatment: 14 cycles
1. World Health Organization (WHO) 2. WHO US Statistics 3. American Cancer Society 4. Represents range of ORRs from previous studies (MORPHEUS, Tempest, IMBrave150). 5. 2nd line ORR expected to be <5% as 2nd line therapies inhibit VEGF/angiogenesis as common mechanism with bevacizumab and pembrolizumab (anti - PD - 1) has common me chanism with atezolizumab (anti - PDL - 1). 41 TTI - 101 is Designed to Provide a Distinct and Synergistic Mechanism for Unmet Need in HCC Overview of Current Treatment Landscape + Role of TTI - 101 • HCC is 3 rd leading cause of cancer deaths in the world 1 • Annually in the US, >42,000 new cases of HCC and ~32,000 deaths recorded 2 • Incidence has more than tripled since 1980 3 HCC Disease Overview Triplet Anti - PD - (L)1 Combos + TTI - 101 Potential SoC with TTI - 101 Doublet Anti - PD - 1s + TTI - 101 Monotherapy TTI - 101 Anti - PD - (L)1 + Anti - VEGF 10 - 27% ORR 4 Standard of Care First Line TKIs & Anti - VEGF Therapy <5% ORR 5 Second Line No Available Therapies Third Line ~70% do not respond and eventually >95% progress >90% do not respond and progress
NCT05440708 ; Dayyani et al. JCO . 2024 ; Data as of April 2025 42 REVERT Liver Cancer : Phase 2 Study of TTI - 101 in HCC • Overall Response Rate (ORR) • Duration of Response (DoR) • Progression - free survival • Liver stiffness (elastogram) • Biomarkers (IL - 6/AFP) • pY - STAT3 in tumor (21 US Sites) Phase 1b Dose Finding Phase 2 Expansion (N=100) TTI - 101 RP2D (N=30) TTI - 101 Last Line: no available therapies that will confer clinical benefit RP2D Last Line Rationale: Confirmation of P1 PoC TTI - 101 monotherapy A TTI - 101 RP2D + pembrolizumab (N=30) TTI - 101 + pembrolizumab RP2D 2 nd Line Rationale: TTI - 101 overcomes anti - PD - (L)1 resistance 2 nd Line: progressed on anti - PD - (L)1 first line B TTI - 101 RP2D + atezo/bev (N=40) TTI - 101 + atezo/bev RP2D 1 st Line Rationale: TTI - 101 is synergistic with anti - PD - L1 and anti - angiogenic inhibition 1 st Line : treatment naïve C Early clinical data suggests clinical benefit across treatment lines
Preliminary radiographic change from baseline RECIST measurements (best response). Data as of Aug 2024. This interim data set wa s not subject to the standard quality control measures typically associated with final clinical trial results. 1. Tempest press release 23 Apr 2023 of Phase 2 Study. Tempesttx.com 2. Roche Phase 2: Finn et al. J Clin Oncol. 2023 3. Roche Phase 3: Finn et al. NEJM . 2020 . 4 . Cheng et al. J Hepatol. 2022 † Certain data on this slide are based on cross - study comparisons and are not based on any head - to - head clinical trials. Cross - s tudy comparisons are inherently limited and may suggest misleading similarities and differences. The values shown in the cross - study comparisons are directional and may not be directly comparable. 43 REVERT Liver Cancer : Interim Phase 1b/2 Data 67% 33% 50% 50% 8% 33% 58% Cohort A: TTI - 101 Monotherapy at RP2D Cohort B: TTI - 101 (RP2D) + Pembro Cohort C: TTI - 101 + Atezo/Bev *One patient on protocol for 6 weeks. Patient discontinued combination due to an unrelated AE. After recovery from AE, patient continued with atezo/bev and investigator reported complete response. Patient considered non - evaluable for efficacy. As DCR (disease control rate: CR+PR+SD) and ORR (objective response rate: CR+PR) are based on intent to treat population of all patients this patient is only included in denominator. N=21 N=8 N=12 ORR DCR Publication Date Study 33% 92% Ongoing REVERT HCC Prelim 10% 63% 2023 Tempest 1 11% 56% 2023 MORPHEUS 2 27% 74% 2020 - 22 IMBrave150 3 Early results compare favorably to 3 rd party trials † : Partial Response Stable Disease Progressive Disease * 49% of patients in IMBrave150 atezo/bev arm had HBV - associated HCC and demonstrated a higher likelihood of benefit relative to non - HBV patients 4 REVERT HCC Cohort C has no patients with HBV - associated HCC
44 Key Takeaways: TTI - 101 in HCC Inhibition of STAT3 activation to have dual therapeutic effect on cancer cells – overcoming tumorigenesis and immune suppression Clinically meaningful activity in both monotherapy and combination therapy in areas of unmet need Topline results from ongoing Phase 2 REVERT LIVER CANCER trial expected in 2H:2026 STAT3 long recognized as prime target in oncology; >95% of patients with HCC have activated STAT3 in their tumors STAT3: Well - Established Biology Differentiated Approach Encouraging Clinical Activity Near - Term Clinical Milestone
Appendix A. Preclinical Support
Tvardi data generated with CRO: WuXi ; Comparative targets in the IBD space and select therapies approved or developed for IBD used for demonstrative purposes; DS S: dextran sodium sulfate ulcerative colitis (UC) model; TNBS: 2,4,6 - trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid Crohn’s disease (CD) model; OXA: oxazolone ulcerative colitis (UC) model 46 TVRD STAT3 Inhibition Demonstrated Activity Across Multiple Validated IBD Immune Axes S1P1m TyK2i JAK2/3i JAK1i Anti - IL - 6 Anti - TL1A Anti - IL12/23 Anti - TNF α TVRD STAT3i Model Systems and Select Therapies Approved or Developed for IBD Immune Axis / Key Cytokines Model ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ • Innate Th1/Th17 • IL - 6, IL - 1ß, IL - 17 DSS (UC) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ • Adaptive (Th1) • IFN - Ɣ, TNF - α , IL - 12 TNBS (CD) ✓ ✓ • Adaptive (Th2/NKT) • IL - 13, IL - 4 OXA (UC) Unlike single - axis competitor mechanisms, TVRD STAT3 - inhibitors demonstrated biologic activity across multiple, validated immune axes underlying IBD disease
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 0% DSS + Vehicle 5% DSS + Vehicle 5% DSS + TTI-101 Diarrheal Score 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 0% DSS + Vehicle 5% DSS + Vehicle 5% DSS + TTI-101 Colonic Inflammatory Score 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0% DSS + Vehicle 5% DSS + Vehicle 5% DSS + TTI-101 pY - STAT3 / total protein 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0% DSS (naïve) 5% DSS + Vehicle 5% DSS + TTI-101 Colon Length (cm) 1. Figures digitized from Robinson et al. Cancers 2023 : dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model 47 TVRD STAT3 Inhibitors in the DSS - UC Model 5% DSS UC Model with TTI - 101 1 Colon Morphology and Length *p ⩽ 0.05 for all TTI - 101 arms relative to DSS + vehicle * pY - STAT3 * Colonic inflammation Diarrhea Colonic IL - 17 + Cells * * TTI - 101 treatment in DSS model normalized all hallmarks of UC Vehicle 5% DSS 5% DSS + TTI - 101 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0% DSS (water) 5% DSS + Vehicle 5% DSS + TTI-101 IL - 17+ cells per field *
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Sham TNBS + vehicle TNBS + TTI-101 IL - 17+ (Th17) cells per field * 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Sham TNBS + vehicle TNBS + TTI-101 pY - STAT3 (relative units, norm. to total protein) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Sham TNBS + vehicle TNBS + TTI-101 Colon length (mm) 1. Figures digitized from Robinson et al. J Clin Med 2022 : 2,4,6 - trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) model 48 TVRD STAT3 Inhibitors in the TNBS - CD Model TNBS UC Model with TTI - 101 1 Sham TNBS + vehicle TNBS + TTI - 101 Colon Morphology and Length *p ⩽ 0.05 for all TTI - 101 arms relative to TNBS + vehicle * pY - STAT3 * 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Sham TNBS + vehicle TNBS + TTI-101 Diarrheal score (0 - 3) Group 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Sham TNBS + vehicle TNBS + TTI-101 Colonic inflammatory score (0 - 3+) Colonic inflammation Diarrhea Colonic IL - 17 + Cells * * TTI - 101 treatment in TNBS model normalized all hallmarks of CD
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 Sham OXA+Vehicle OXA+TTI-109 Disease Activity Index (0 – 4) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Sham OXA+Vehicle OXA+TTI-109 pY - STAT3 H - Score 1. Tvardi data generated with CRO: WuXi; n=8 per group statistical comparison using exact Mann - Whitney + Kruskal - Wallis 49 TVRD STAT3 Inhibitors in the OXA - UC Model OXA UC Model with TTI - 101 1 Colon Morphology and Length pY - STAT3 * Colonic inflammation Diarrhea TTI - 101 treatment in OXA model normalized all hallmarks of UC 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 Vehicle OXA OXA + TTI - 109 Colon Length (cm) Sham OXA+Vehicle OXA+TTI - 109 * 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Sham OXA+Vehicle OXA+TTI-109 Diarrhea Score (0 - 4) * * ** p ⩽ 0.05 for all TTI - 101 arms relative to OXA + vehicle
Figures digitized from Pedroza et al. Rheum. 2017 : SSc: systemic sclerosis; Genetically engineered model (GEM) of Tight skin (Tsk - 1) mice which spontaneously develop fibrosis as a result of a duplication in the fibrillin - 1 gene and BLM (bleomycin - induced SSc) model; Fold Δ = Fold Change 50 TTI - 101 Attenuated Growth Factor Driven Fibrosis and Dermal Thickening Genetically - induced proliferative skin model TTI - 101 reversed both dermal thickening and inflammatory/pro - fibrotic hallmarks of skin fibrosis Tsk - 1 mice + Placebo Tsk - 1 mice + TTI - 101 Therapeutic treatment with TTI - 101 significantly reduced dermal thickness… …and significantly reduced key drivers of inflammation and proliferation 0 5 10 15 20 Control Tsk-1+Vehicle Tsk-1+TTI-101 IL - 6 Fold Δ 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Control Tsk-1+Vehicle Tsk-1+TTI-101 Col1 α1 Fold Δ 0 2 4 6 8 Control Tsk-1+Vehicle Tsk-1+TTI-101 Fibronectin Fold Δ 0 1 2 3 4 5 Control Tsk-1+Vehicle Tsk-1+TTI-101 α - SMA Fold Δ 0 5 10 15 Control Tsk-1+Vehicle Tsk-1+TTI-101 CTGF Fold Δ 0 5 10 15 Control Tsk-1+Vehicle Tsk-1+TTI-101 TGF - β Fold Δ * * * * * * * p ⩽ 0.05 for all TTI - 101 arms relative to Tsk - 1 + vehicle
Figures digitized from Pedroza et al. Rheum. 2017 : SSc: systemic sclerosis; Bleomycin (BLM) treated mice develop fibrosis through an inflammatory mechanism; Fold Δ = Fold Change 51 TTI - 101 Attenuated Inflammation Driven Fibrosis and Dermal Thickening Chemically - induced inflammatory skin model TTI - 101 reversed both dermal thickening and inflammatory/pro - fibrotic hallmarks of skin fibrosis BLM mice + Placebo BLM mice + TTI - 101 Therapeutic treatment with TTI - 101 significantly reduced dermal thickness 0 2 4 6 Control BLM+Vehicle BLM+TTI-101 IL - 6 Fold Δ 0 1 2 3 4 Control BLM+Vehicle BLM+TTI-101 Col1 α1 Fold Δ 0 1 2 3 Control BLM+Vehicle BLM+TTI-101 Fibronectin Fold Δ …and significantly reduced key drivers of inflammation and proliferation 0 1 2 3 Control BLM+Vehicle BLM+TTI-101 α - SMA Fold Δ 0 1 2 3 4 Control BLM+Vehicle BLM+TTI-101 CTGF Fold Δ 0 1 2 3 4 5 Control BLM+Vehicle BLM+TTI-101 TGF - β Fold Δ * * * * * * * p ⩽ 0.05 for all TTI - 101 arms relative to BLM + vehicle
Appendix B. TTI - 101 in IPF
Pulmonary Fibrosis 2,3 Initial Clinical Proof of Mechanism: IPF Well - Established Target 1 . Pedroza et al. Rheum. 2017 : Genetically engineered model of Tight skin (Tsk - 1) mice which spontaneously develop fibrosis as a result of a duplication in the fibrillin - 1 gene; 2. Pedroza et al. FASEB J. 2016 ; 3. Kauh et al. CHEST . 2024 . P ulmonary fibrosis b leomycin (BLM) model Preclinical Biological Activity Our STAT3 Inhibitors are Designed to Address the Unmet Need in Inflammatory and Proliferative Diseases Tsk - 1 mice + Placebo Tsk - 1 mice + TTI - 101 ↓ IL - 6 levels and ↓ fibrosis in models of proliferative disease IL - 6 (Fold Change) Placebo TTI - 101 BLM + Placebo Placebo BLM + Placebo TTI - 101 + 14 days after BLM Skin Fibrosis 1 IL - 6 Relative Units TTI - 101 after BLM 53 STAT3: central mediator in inflammation and proliferative disease IL6 IL 23 Immune dysregulation Inflammation Proliferation
• Placebo arm overperformed compared to historical data • FVC change from baseline overlapped between treatment arms, with large variability within each cohort • Treatment emergent adverse events resulted in early discontinuations leading to a small number of patients available for efficacy analysis at the 12 - week time point 54 REVERT IPF : Preliminary Conclusions Released October 2025 TTI - 101 800 mg/day (N=29) TTI - 101 400 mg/day (N=30) Placebo (N=29) Randomization Treatment Period 12 weeks (28 US Sites, N = 88) Tvardi Therapeutics October 13, 2025 Press Release
SD: standard deviation; 1 GI comorbidity: gastrointestinal medical history collected at baseline 55 Patient Characteristics TTI - 101 800mg/day (n=29) TTI - 101 400mg/day (n=30) Placebo (n=29) Characteristic 72.8 (7.7) 72.4 (6.9) 72.0 (9.3) Age 21 (72.4) 25 (83.3) 23 (79.3) Sex, Male – no. (%) 2.5 (1.5) 2.6 (1.7) 2.4 (2.0) Time since diagnosis of IPF – yrs., mean (SD) 17 (58.6) 18 (60.0) 17 (58.6) Standard of care use, nintedanib – no. (%) 3.03 (1.00) 2.84 (0.71) 2.59 (0.75) FVC – L, mean (SD) 81.12 (19.90) 74.05 (13.38) 70.08 (16.72) Percent of predicted FVC (ppFVC), mean (SD) 20 (69.0) 26 (86.7) 21 (72.4) GI comorbidity at baseline, mean (%) 1 GI comorbidities were prevalent among the patient population
Treatment - emergent adverse event: any adverse event that emerges after treatment with TTI - 101 or placebo. Safety analysis perfor med on all patients treated with at least one dose of TTI - 101. 1 Occurred during safety follow - up after 12 - week treatment period ended; 2 No instances of drug - induced liver injury reported across visits or treatment groups. All increases in investigations (labs) wer e transient 56 Summary of Treatment - Emergent Adverse Events TTI - 101 800mg/day (n=29) TTI - 101 400mg/day (n=30) Placebo (n=29) Characteristic 26 (89.7) 30 (100) 21 (72.4) Any TEAEs 1 (3.4) 1 (3.3) 1 1 (3.4) TEAE leading to death 18 (62.1) 17 (56.7) 3 (10.3) TEAE leading to discontinuation 11 (37.9) 6 (20.0) Gastrointestinal disorders 6 (20.7) 4 (13.3) Investigations (Labs) 2 3 (10.3) 5 (16.7) 1 (3.4) Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Incidence of respiratory adverse events leading to discontinuation is consistent with adverse events expected in this patient population
Treatment emergent adverse event: any adverse event that emerges after treatment with TTI - 101 or placebo. Safety analysis perfor med on all patients treated with at least one dose of TTI - 101. 1 No instances of drug - induced liver injury reported across visits or treatment groups. All increases in investigations (labs) were transient 57 Treatment - Emergent Adverse Events Resulting in Discontinuations by Concomitant Nintedanib Use TTI - 101 800mg/day (n=29) TTI - 101 400mg/day (n=30) Placebo (n=29) Dose TTI - 101 alone (n=13) TTI - 101 + Nintedanib (n=16) TTI - 101 alone (n=12) TTI - 101 + Nintedanib (n=18) Placebo (n=12) Nintedanib (n=17) Reason for discontinuation by concomitant nintedanib use 4 7 4 2 Gastrointestinal disorders 2 4 4 Investigations (Labs) 1 2 1 2 3 1 Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Majority of discontinuations were observed with concomitant nintedanib
Adverse events selected to align with INPULSIS categories; safety analysis performed on all patients treated with at least on e d ose of TTI - 101. Certain data on this slide are based on cross - study comparisons and are not based on any head - to - head clinical trials. Cross - study comparisons are inherently limited and may suggest misleading similar ities and differences. The values shown in the cross - study comparisons are directional and may not be directly comparable. 1 Richeldi et al. NEJM, 2014 58 Most Common Adverse Events Reported in INPULSIS vs REVERT IPF Trials Pooled TTI - 101 INPULSIS - 1 and 2 1 TTI - 101 + Nintedanib (n=34) TTI - 101 alone (n=25) Nintedanib (N=638) Placebo (N=423) 33 (97.1) 23 (92.0) 609 (95.5) 379 (89.6) Any adverse event 25 (73.5) 11 (44.0) 398 (62.4) 78 (18.4) Diarrhea 10 (29.4) 4 (16.0) 156 (24.5) 28 (6.6) Nausea 0 (0.0) 1 (4.0) 87 (13.6) 68 (16.1) Nasopharyngitis 4 (11.8) 3 (12.0) 85 (13.3) 57 (13.5) Cough 2 (5.9) 2 (8.0) 64 (10.0) 61 (14.4) Progression of IPF 0 (0.0) 2 (8.0) 67 (10.5) 45 (10.6) Bronchitis 4 (11.8) 0 (0.0) 58 (9.1) 42 (9.9) Upper respiratory tract infection 4 (11.8) 1 (4.0) 49 (7.7) 48 (11.4) Dyspnea • TTI - 101 treated patients reported adverse events consistent with overall expectations for an IPF population • However, addition of nintedanib meaningfully increased incidence of diarrhea
Post hoc Analysis Population Assessment of Individual Patient Trajectory on Study 2 EES 1 on Treatment at 12 - weeks 59 Preliminary Conclusions and Additional Analyses 1 The Efficacy Evaluable Set (EES) consists of all patients defined as all randomized patients who received at least one dose o f I P and have at least one post - baseline acceptable or borderline acceptable forced vital capacity (FVC) result while on - treatment. On treatment is defined as spirometry values obtained when actively receiving IP at pr otocol - defined collection time points and spirometry values when on IP hold at protocol - defined collection time points; excludes spirometry values collected > 14 days of last IP dosing after they have been permane ntl y discontinued from IP. 2 Post hoc analysis population: The additional analysis was limited to patients who were exposed to study drug for 12 weeks. One patient was not exposed to TTI - 101 at 12 weeks; one patient was rem oved from the analysis due to receiving less than 60% of the expected dosing; two patients were removed due to no measurable TTI - 101 observed in the blood as well as no reported adverse events; and one addition al patient was removed as an outlier for the 12 - week analysis as their pulmonary function initially improved on treatment, but was subsequently severely impacted by acute bronchitis deemed unrelated to stud y d rug Placebo n=24 TTI - 101 400mg/day n=8 TTI - 101 800mg/day n=13 Placebo n=24 Pooled TTI - 101 400mg or 800mg n=16 Criteria: duration of treatment, PK data and adverse events 5 patients excluded as the following criteria were not met: • Duration of treatment • TTI - 101 exposure + no adverse events observed • One patient with initial improvement in FVC, subsequently impacted by acute bronchitis (non - related)
Analysis performed on post hoc analysis population comparing baseline to 12 weeks. One patient missing fibrosis score; overal l p ercent change from baseline was calculated using baseline - weighted aggregation to account for differences in initial fibrosis severity with bootstrap - based standard error (SE) 60 TTI - 101 - treated Patients Demonstrated Greater Decline in Fibrosis Score (Baseline to 12 Weeks) vs Placebo 24 24 20* 15* Greater decrease in fibrosis score (improvement in fibrosis) among patients treated with TTI - 101 (either arm) vs placebo - 2.4% - 9.4% -20% -15% -10% -5% 0% 5% Pooled TTI - 101 vs Placebo Baseline - Weighted Percent Change in Fibrosis Score Baseline - Weighted Overall % Change in Fibrosis (SE) Placebo n=24 Pooled TTI - 101 n=15 7% difference in weighted fibrosis score
Analysis performed on post hoc analysis population comparing baseline to 12 weeks. Two patients missing IL - 6 change scores (one placebo, one TTI - 101); Decline assessed using OLS: ordinary least squares regression model and standard errors 61 TTI - 101 - treated Patients Demonstrated Greater IL - 6 Decline vs Placebo -1.5 -1.25 -1 -0.75 -0.5 -0.25 0 TTI - 101 vs Placebo Decline in IL - 6 IL - 6 Slope Placebo n=23 Pooled TTI - 101 n=15 4.5 - fold difference in slope IL - 6 is a key pro - inflammatory cytokine that signals through STAT3; inhibition of STAT3 is expected to reduce downstream inflammatory signaling associated with disease
Analysis performed on post hoc analysis population comparing baseline to 12 weeks; 1 Actual mean FVC change in mL (SD) at 12 weeks 62 A Greater Proportion of TTI - 101 - treated Patients Demonstrated Increase in FVC vs Placebo ↓ in FVC from baseline ↑ in FVC from baseline 63% of patients treated with TTI - 101 demonstrated an increase in FVC at 12 weeks, and less of a decline when compared to the REVERT and historical placebo groups - 54% - 38% 46% 63% -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Placebo n=23 Pooled TTI - 101 n=16 TTI - 101 vs Placebo Change in FVC from Baseline - 22 mL (126) 1 - 15 mL (177) 1
Well - Established Target 1 . Pedroza et al. Rheum. 2017 : Genetically engineered model of Tight skin (Tsk - 1) mice which spontaneously develop fibrosis as a result of a duplication in the fibrillin - 1 gene; 2. Pedroza et al. FASEB J. 2016 ; 3. Kauh et al. CHEST . 2024 . P ulmonary fibrosis b leomycin (BLM) model Preclinical Biological Activity Our STAT3 Inhibitors are Designed to Address the Unmet Need in Inflammatory and Proliferative Diseases Tsk - 1 mice + Placebo Tsk - 1 mice + TTI - 101 ↓ IL - 6 levels and ↓ fibrosis in models of proliferative disease Placebo BLM + Placebo TTI - 101 + 14 days after BLM 63 Clinical Proof of Mechanism ↓ IL - 6 levels and ↓ fibrosis in humans - 2.4% - 9.4% -20% -15% -10% -5% 0% 5% Pooled TTI - 101 vs Placebo Baseline - Weighted Percent Change in Fibrosis Score Baseline - Weighted Overall % Change in Fibrosis (SE) Baseline to 12 Weeks Placebo n=24 Pooled TTI - 101 n=15 7% difference in weighted fibrosis score -1.5 -1.25 -1 -0.75 -0.5 -0.25 0 TTI - 101 vs Placebo Decline in IL - 6 Change in IL - 6 Slope Placebo n=23 Pooled TTI - 101 n=15 4.5 - fold difference in slope STAT3: central mediator in inflammation and proliferative disease IL6 IL17 IL23 Immune dysregulation Inflammation Proliferation Pulmonary Fibrosis 2,3 IL - 6 (Fold Change) Placebo TTI - 101 BLM + Placebo Skin Fibrosis 1 IL - 6 Relative Units TTI - 101 after BLM