STOCK TITAN

[10-Q] United Community Banks Inc. Quarterly Earnings Report

Filing Impact
(Moderate)
Filing Sentiment
(Neutral)
Form Type
10-Q
Rhea-AI Filing Summary

What happened: United Community Banks reported higher profits this quarter and continued to grow its core banking business while completing a small bank acquisition.

Why it matters: The bank earned $78.7 million this quarter (up from $66.6 million a year earlier) and delivered higher net interest revenue, driven by lower interest expense and steady loan balances. Deposits and loans both grew, supporting the bank's lending franchise and capital base. United also acquired ANB on May 1, 2025, adding branches and customers in Florida and creating goodwill and a core deposit intangible.

What investors should watch: The company reported sizeable unrealized losses in its investment portfolios due to interest-rate movements, and the allowance for credit losses was adjusted for specific risks including hurricane-related exposure. Shareholders' equity and earnings per share increased year-over-year, showing near-term earnings strength but with market-value pressure in securities holdings.

Cosa è successo: United Community Banks ha registrato profitti più elevati in questo trimestre e ha continuato a far crescere la sua attività bancaria core mentre portava a termine l'acquisizione di una piccola banca.

Perché è importante: La banca ha guadagnato $78.7 million in questo trimestre (rispetto a $66.6 million un anno prima) e ha ottenuto maggiori ricavi netti da interessi, trainati da minori oneri per interessi e saldi dei prestiti stabili. Depositi e prestiti sono cresciuti entrambi, sostenendo la piattaforma di credito e la base patrimoniale della banca. United ha inoltre acquisito ANB il 1° maggio 2025, aggiungendo filiali e clienti in Florida e generando avviamento e un'attività immateriale legata ai depositi core.

Cosa dovrebbero osservare gli investitori: La società ha segnalato perdite non realizzate rilevanti nei suoi portafogli di investimento a causa delle variazioni dei tassi di interesse, e l'accantonamento per perdite su crediti è stato adeguato per rischi specifici, inclusa l'esposizione legata agli uragani. Il patrimonio netto e l'utile per azione sono aumentati su base annua, mostrando solidità degli utili nel breve termine ma con pressione sul valore di mercato delle attività in titoli.

Qué ocurrió: United Community Banks reportó mayores beneficios este trimestre y siguió expandiendo su negocio bancario principal mientras completaba la adquisición de un banco pequeño.

Por qué importa: El banco ganó $78.7 million este trimestre (frente a $66.6 million un año antes) y registró mayores ingresos netos por intereses, impulsados por menores gastos por intereses y saldos de préstamos estables. Depósitos y préstamos crecieron, apoyando la franquicia de préstamos y la base de capital del banco. United también adquirió ANB el 1 de mayo de 2025, sumando sucursales y clientes en Florida y generando fondo de comercio y un activo intangible por depósitos core.

Qué deben vigilar los inversores: La compañía informó pérdidas no realizadas considerables en sus carteras de inversión debido a movimientos de las tasas de interés, y la provisión para pérdidas de crédito se ajustó por riesgos específicos, incluida la exposición relacionada con huracanes. El patrimonio neto y las ganancias por acción aumentaron año a año, mostrando fortaleza de beneficios a corto plazo pero con presión de valor de mercado en las inversiones en valores.

무슨 일이 있었나: United Community Banks는 이번 분기에 더 높은 이익을 보고했고 핵심 은행 사업을 계속 성장시키는 한편 소형 은행 인수를 마무리했습니다.

중요한 이유: 은행은 이번 분기에 $78.7 million을 벌었으며(1년 전의 $66.6 million에서 증가) 이자비용 감소와 안정적인 대출 잔액에 힘입어 순이자수익이 증가했습니다. 예금과 대출이 모두 증가해 은행의 대출 프랜차이즈와 자본 기반을 뒷받침했습니다. United는 또한 2025년 5월 1일 ANB를 인수해 플로리다의 지점과 고객을 확보하고 영업권 및 핵심예금 관련 무형자산을 발생시켰습니다。

투자자가 주목해야 할 점: 회사는 금리 변동으로 인해 투자 포트폴리오에서 상당한 평가손실(미실현손실)을 보고했으며, 허리케인 관련 노출을 포함한 특정 위험에 대해 대손충당금이 조정되었습니다. 주주지분과 주당순이익은 전년 대비 증가해 단기적 이익 강세를 보여주지만 유가증권 보유의 시장가치에는 압력이 가해지고 있습니다.

Ce qui s'est passé : United Community Banks a déclaré des bénéfices plus élevés ce trimestre et a continué de développer son activité bancaire de base tout en finalisant l'acquisition d'une petite banque.

Pourquoi c'est important : La banque a dégagé $78.7 million ce trimestre (contre $66.6 million un an plus tôt) et a enregistré des revenus nets d'intérêts supérieurs, tirés par une baisse des charges d'intérêts et des encours de prêts stables. Les dépôts et les prêts ont tous deux augmenté, soutenant la franchise de prêt et la base de capital de la banque. United a également acquis ANB le 1er mai 2025, ajoutant des agences et des clients en Floride et générant un écart d'acquisition et un actif incorporel lié aux dépôts de base.

Ce que les investisseurs doivent surveiller : La société a déclaré d'importantes pertes latentes dans ses portefeuilles d'investissement en raison des mouvements de taux d'intérêt, et la provision pour pertes sur prêts a été ajustée pour des risques spécifiques, y compris l'exposition liée aux ouragans. Les capitaux propres et le bénéfice par action ont augmenté d'une année sur l'autre, montrant une solidité des résultats à court terme mais avec une pression sur la valeur de marché des avoirs en titres.

Was passiert ist: United Community Banks meldete in diesem Quartal höhere Gewinne und setzte den Ausbau seines Kerngeschäfts fort, während es eine kleine Bank übernahm.

Warum das wichtig ist: Die Bank erzielte in diesem Quartal $78.7 million (gegenüber $66.6 million im Vorjahr) und verzeichnete höhere Nettozinserträge, getrieben von geringeren Zinsaufwendungen und stabilen Kreditbeständen. Einlagen und Kredite wuchsen beide und stärkten das Kreditgeschäft und die Kapitalbasis der Bank. United übernahm außerdem ANB am 1. Mai 2025, wodurch Filialen und Kunden in Florida hinzukamen und Firmenwert sowie ein immaterieller Vermögenswert aus Kern-Einlagen entstanden.

Worauf Investoren achten sollten: Das Unternehmen berichtete über erhebliche nicht realisierte Verluste in seinen Anlageportfolios aufgrund von Zinsbewegungen, und die Rückstellung für Kreditausfälle wurde für spezifische Risiken angepasst, einschließlich der hurrikanbedingten Exponierung. Das Eigenkapital und der Gewinn je Aktie stiegen im Jahresvergleich, was kurzfristige Ergebnisstärke zeigt, aber Druck auf den Marktwert der Wertpapierbestände ausübt.

Positive
  • Higher profitability: Net income for the quarter increased to $78.7 million from $66.6 million a year earlier.
  • Improved net interest revenue: Net interest revenue rose to $225.5 million versus $208.7 million in the prior-year quarter.
  • Loan and deposit growth: Loans held for investment increased to $18.92 billion and total deposits grew to $23.96 billion supporting franchise growth.
  • Completed acquisition: Acquired ANB on May 1, 2025, adding branches and customers and recording $18.0 million goodwill.
  • Stronger capital and EPS: Shareholders' equity rose to $3.613 billion and diluted EPS increased to $0.63 for the quarter.
Negative
  • Large unrealized securities losses: Significant gross unrealized losses reported on HTM ($371.0 million) and AFS ($179.5 million) debt securities, driven by interest-rate changes.
  • Mark-to-market exposure: AFS fair value declined to $4.075 billion from $4.436 billion at year-end 2024, reflecting market value pressure.
  • Provision and reserve activity: Allowance for credit losses increased to $216.5 million, including qualitative adjustments for hurricane-affected loans.

Insights

TL;DR: Earnings and net interest income rose; credit reserves and securities mark-to-market need monitoring.

United reported a quarter of stronger profitability: net interest revenue rose to $225.5 million from $208.7 million year-over-year and net income was $78.7 million. Interest expense declined year-over-year which supported higher net interest revenue. The provision for credit losses was slightly lower this quarter while the total ACL for loans increased to $216.5 million. Investors should note the large unrealized losses on both HTM and AFS portfolios caused by interest-rate changes, although management states it does not intend to sell those securities. Overall impact: impactful on near-term earnings with identifiable interest-rate and credit watchpoints.

TL;DR: ANB acquisition closed May 1, 2025, with disclosed consideration and preliminary fair values.

United acquired ANB in a stock transaction and recorded preliminary fair values: common stock issued 2,380,952 shares, goodwill $18.0 million, and a $6.29 million core deposit intangible amortizable over 10 years. Transaction accounting is preliminary and pro forma results were provided showing how ANB would have affected consolidated revenue and net income if acquired earlier. This is a clearly disclosed, market-entry acquisition expanding presence in Florida; investors should monitor integration costs and realized benefits as measurement-period adjustments are finalized.

Cosa è successo: United Community Banks ha registrato profitti più elevati in questo trimestre e ha continuato a far crescere la sua attività bancaria core mentre portava a termine l'acquisizione di una piccola banca.

Perché è importante: La banca ha guadagnato $78.7 million in questo trimestre (rispetto a $66.6 million un anno prima) e ha ottenuto maggiori ricavi netti da interessi, trainati da minori oneri per interessi e saldi dei prestiti stabili. Depositi e prestiti sono cresciuti entrambi, sostenendo la piattaforma di credito e la base patrimoniale della banca. United ha inoltre acquisito ANB il 1° maggio 2025, aggiungendo filiali e clienti in Florida e generando avviamento e un'attività immateriale legata ai depositi core.

Cosa dovrebbero osservare gli investitori: La società ha segnalato perdite non realizzate rilevanti nei suoi portafogli di investimento a causa delle variazioni dei tassi di interesse, e l'accantonamento per perdite su crediti è stato adeguato per rischi specifici, inclusa l'esposizione legata agli uragani. Il patrimonio netto e l'utile per azione sono aumentati su base annua, mostrando solidità degli utili nel breve termine ma con pressione sul valore di mercato delle attività in titoli.

Qué ocurrió: United Community Banks reportó mayores beneficios este trimestre y siguió expandiendo su negocio bancario principal mientras completaba la adquisición de un banco pequeño.

Por qué importa: El banco ganó $78.7 million este trimestre (frente a $66.6 million un año antes) y registró mayores ingresos netos por intereses, impulsados por menores gastos por intereses y saldos de préstamos estables. Depósitos y préstamos crecieron, apoyando la franquicia de préstamos y la base de capital del banco. United también adquirió ANB el 1 de mayo de 2025, sumando sucursales y clientes en Florida y generando fondo de comercio y un activo intangible por depósitos core.

Qué deben vigilar los inversores: La compañía informó pérdidas no realizadas considerables en sus carteras de inversión debido a movimientos de las tasas de interés, y la provisión para pérdidas de crédito se ajustó por riesgos específicos, incluida la exposición relacionada con huracanes. El patrimonio neto y las ganancias por acción aumentaron año a año, mostrando fortaleza de beneficios a corto plazo pero con presión de valor de mercado en las inversiones en valores.

무슨 일이 있었나: United Community Banks는 이번 분기에 더 높은 이익을 보고했고 핵심 은행 사업을 계속 성장시키는 한편 소형 은행 인수를 마무리했습니다.

중요한 이유: 은행은 이번 분기에 $78.7 million을 벌었으며(1년 전의 $66.6 million에서 증가) 이자비용 감소와 안정적인 대출 잔액에 힘입어 순이자수익이 증가했습니다. 예금과 대출이 모두 증가해 은행의 대출 프랜차이즈와 자본 기반을 뒷받침했습니다. United는 또한 2025년 5월 1일 ANB를 인수해 플로리다의 지점과 고객을 확보하고 영업권 및 핵심예금 관련 무형자산을 발생시켰습니다。

투자자가 주목해야 할 점: 회사는 금리 변동으로 인해 투자 포트폴리오에서 상당한 평가손실(미실현손실)을 보고했으며, 허리케인 관련 노출을 포함한 특정 위험에 대해 대손충당금이 조정되었습니다. 주주지분과 주당순이익은 전년 대비 증가해 단기적 이익 강세를 보여주지만 유가증권 보유의 시장가치에는 압력이 가해지고 있습니다.

Ce qui s'est passé : United Community Banks a déclaré des bénéfices plus élevés ce trimestre et a continué de développer son activité bancaire de base tout en finalisant l'acquisition d'une petite banque.

Pourquoi c'est important : La banque a dégagé $78.7 million ce trimestre (contre $66.6 million un an plus tôt) et a enregistré des revenus nets d'intérêts supérieurs, tirés par une baisse des charges d'intérêts et des encours de prêts stables. Les dépôts et les prêts ont tous deux augmenté, soutenant la franchise de prêt et la base de capital de la banque. United a également acquis ANB le 1er mai 2025, ajoutant des agences et des clients en Floride et générant un écart d'acquisition et un actif incorporel lié aux dépôts de base.

Ce que les investisseurs doivent surveiller : La société a déclaré d'importantes pertes latentes dans ses portefeuilles d'investissement en raison des mouvements de taux d'intérêt, et la provision pour pertes sur prêts a été ajustée pour des risques spécifiques, y compris l'exposition liée aux ouragans. Les capitaux propres et le bénéfice par action ont augmenté d'une année sur l'autre, montrant une solidité des résultats à court terme mais avec une pression sur la valeur de marché des avoirs en titres.

Was passiert ist: United Community Banks meldete in diesem Quartal höhere Gewinne und setzte den Ausbau seines Kerngeschäfts fort, während es eine kleine Bank übernahm.

Warum das wichtig ist: Die Bank erzielte in diesem Quartal $78.7 million (gegenüber $66.6 million im Vorjahr) und verzeichnete höhere Nettozinserträge, getrieben von geringeren Zinsaufwendungen und stabilen Kreditbeständen. Einlagen und Kredite wuchsen beide und stärkten das Kreditgeschäft und die Kapitalbasis der Bank. United übernahm außerdem ANB am 1. Mai 2025, wodurch Filialen und Kunden in Florida hinzukamen und Firmenwert sowie ein immaterieller Vermögenswert aus Kern-Einlagen entstanden.

Worauf Investoren achten sollten: Das Unternehmen berichtete über erhebliche nicht realisierte Verluste in seinen Anlageportfolios aufgrund von Zinsbewegungen, und die Rückstellung für Kreditausfälle wurde für spezifische Risiken angepasst, einschließlich der hurrikanbedingten Exponierung. Das Eigenkapital und der Gewinn je Aktie stiegen im Jahresvergleich, was kurzfristige Ergebnisstärke zeigt, aber Druck auf den Marktwert der Wertpapierbestände ausübt.

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2025
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from ___________ to ___________
Commission file number 001-35095
UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Georgia 58-1807304
(State of incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
200 East Camperdown Way
 
Greenville, South Carolina
29601
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip code)
(800) 822-2651
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading Symbol(s)Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common stock, par value $1 per share
UCB
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary shares, each representing 1/1000th interest in a share of
Series I Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock
UCB PRI
New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Date File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes No

There were 121,474,460 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $1 per share, outstanding as of July 31, 2025.



UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
Glossary of Defined Terms
3
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements
4
PART I - Financial Information
 Item 1.Financial Statements 
  
Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)
5
    
  
Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited)
6
    
  
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)
7
  
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited)
8
    
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)
9
    
  
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
10
    
 
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
35
    
 
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
51
    
 
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
51
    
PART II - Other Information
    
 
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
52
 
Item 5.
Other Information.
52
 
Item 6.
Exhibits
53

2


Glossary of Defined Terms

The following terms may be used throughout this report, including the consolidated financial statements and related notes.

TermDefinition
2024 10-K
United’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025
ACLAllowance for credit losses
AFSAvailable-for-sale
ANBANB Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, American National Bank
AOCIAccumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
BankUnited Community Bank
BoardUnited Community Banks Inc., Board of Directors
BOLIBank-owned life insurance
CECL
Current expected credit losses
CET1Common equity tier 1
CMEChicago Mercantile Exchange
CRE
Commercial real estate
CompanyUnited Community Banks Inc. (interchangeable with "United" below)
DTA
Deferred tax asset
DTL
Deferred tax liability
FDICFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FDMModification made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty
Federal Reserve
Federal Reserve Bank
FinTrust
Collectively, FinTrust Brokerage Services, LLC and FinTrust Capital Advisors, LLC
First MiamiFirst Miami Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, First National Bank of South Miami
FHLBFederal Home Loan Bank
FTEFully taxable equivalent
GAAPAccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
GSEU.S. government-sponsored enterprise
Holding CompanyUnited Community Banks, Inc. on an unconsolidated basis
HTMHeld-to-maturity
MD&AManagement's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
MBSMortgage-backed securities
NOWNegotiable order of withdrawal
NPANonperforming asset
OCIOther comprehensive income (loss)
OREOOther real estate owned
PCDPurchased credit deteriorated
Report
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ending June 30, 2025
SBAUnited States Small Business Administration
SEC
United States Securities and Exchange Commission
UnitedUnited Community Banks, Inc. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries
USDAUnited States Department of Agriculture
3


Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements
 
This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are neither statements of historical or current fact nor are they assurances of future performance and generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes”, “expects”, “may”, “will”, “could”, “should”, “projects”, “plans”, “goal”, “targets”, “potential”, “estimates”, “pro forma”, “seeks”, “intends”, or “anticipates”, or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements include discussions of strategy, financial projections, guidance and estimates (including their underlying assumptions), statements regarding plans, objectives, expectations or consequences of various transactions or events, and statements about our future performance, operations, products and services, and should be viewed with caution.

Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and changes in circumstances, many of which are beyond our control, and that are difficult to predict as to timing, extent, likelihood and degree of occurrence, and that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results implied or anticipated by the statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to the following:

negative economic and political conditions that adversely affect the general economy, the banking sector, housing prices, the real estate market, the job market, consumer confidence, the financial condition of our borrowers and consumer spending habits, which may affect, among other things, the levels of NPAs, charge-offs and provision expense;
changes in loan underwriting, credit review or loss policies associated with economic conditions, examination conclusions or regulatory developments;
the potential effects of pandemics or public health conditions on the economic and business environments in which we operate, including the impact of actions taken by governmental authorities to address these conditions;
strategic, market, operational, liquidity and interest rate risks associated with our business;
potential fluctuations or unanticipated changes in the interest rate environment, including interest rate changes made by the Federal Reserve, replacement or reform of other interest rate benchmarks, as well as cash flow reassessments may reduce net interest margin and/or the volumes and values of loans made or held as well as the value of other financial assets;
any unanticipated or greater than anticipated adverse conditions in the national or local economies in which we operate;
our loan concentration in industries or sectors that may experience unanticipated or greater than anticipated adverse conditions than other industries or sectors in the national or local economies in which we operate;
the risks of expansion into new geographic or product markets;
risks with respect to our ability to identify and complete future mergers or acquisitions as well as our ability to successfully expand and integrate those businesses and operations that we acquire;
our ability to attract and retain key employees;
competition from financial institutions and other financial service providers including non-bank financial technology providers and our ability to attract customers from other financial institutions;
losses due to fraudulent and negligent conduct of our customers, third-party service providers or employees;
cybersecurity risks and the vulnerability of our network and online banking portals, and the systems or parties with whom we contract, to unauthorized access, computer viruses, phishing schemes, spam attacks, human error, natural disasters, power loss and other security breaches that could adversely affect our business and financial performance or reputation;
our reliance on third parties to provide key components of our business infrastructure and services required to operate our business;
the risk that we may be required to make substantial expenditures to keep pace with regulatory initiatives and the rapid technological changes in the financial services market;
the availability of and access to capital, particularly if there were to be increased capital requirements or enhanced regulatory supervision;
legislative, regulatory or accounting changes that may adversely affect us;
volatility in the ACL resulting from the CECL methodology, either alone or as that may be affected by conditions affecting our business;
adverse results (including judgments, costs, fines, reputational harm, inability to obtain necessary approvals and/or other negative effects) from current or future legislation, litigation, regulatory proceedings, examinations, investigations, or similar matters, or developments related thereto;
any matter that would cause us to conclude that there was impairment of any asset, including intangible assets, such as goodwill;
limitations on our ability to declare and pay dividends and other distributions from the Bank to the Holding Company, which could affect Holding Company liquidity, including its ability to pay dividends to shareholders or take other capital actions;
the potential effects of events beyond our control that may have a destabilizing effect on financial markets and the economy, such as inflation or recession, terrorist activities, wars and other foreign conflicts, climate change and weather related events, disruptions in our customers’ supply chains, disruptions in transportation, essential utility outages or trade disputes and tariffs including threats thereof, either imposed by the U.S. or other trading partners in retaliation to U.S. tariffs; and
other risks and uncertainties disclosed in documents filed or furnished by us with or to the SEC, any of which could cause actual results to differ materially from future results expressed, implied or otherwise anticipated by such forward-looking statements.

We caution readers that the foregoing list of factors is not exclusive, is not necessarily in order of importance and readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Additional factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by any forward-looking statements also may be found in our 2024 10-K (including the “Risk Factor” section of that report), Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC and available at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. We do not intend to and, except as required by law, hereby disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement contained in this Report, which speaks only as of the date of its filing with the SEC, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. The financial statements and information contained herein have not been reviewed, or confirmed for accuracy or relevance, by the FDIC or any other regulator.

4


Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share data)June 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
ASSETS  
Cash and due from banks$201,509 $296,161 
Interest-bearing deposits in banks359,492 223,712 
Federal funds and other short-term investments13,955  
Cash and cash equivalents574,956 519,873 
Debt securities available-for-sale4,075,323 4,436,291 
Debt securities held-to-maturity (fair value $1,935,748 and $1,944,126, respectively)
2,306,730 2,368,107 
Loans held for sale 37,143 57,534 
Loans and leases held for investment18,920,875 18,175,980 
Less allowance for credit losses - loans and leases(216,500)(206,998)
Loans and leases, net18,704,375 17,968,982 
Premises and equipment, net396,479 394,264 
Bank owned life insurance362,201 346,234 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net974,385 956,643 
Other assets (including $108,291 and $116,020 at fair value, respectively)
653,929 672,330 
Total assets$28,085,521 $27,720,258 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand$6,381,975 $6,211,182 
Interest-bearing deposits17,581,037 17,249,793 
Total deposits23,963,012 23,460,975 
Short-term borrowings 195,000 
Long-term debt155,143 254,152 
Accrued expense and other liabilities (including $75,294 and $93,165 at fair value, respectively)
354,442 378,004 
Total liabilities24,472,597 24,288,131 
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $1 par value: 10,000,000 shares authorized; 3,662 shares Series I issued and
  outstanding; $25,000 per share liquidation preference
88,266 88,266 
Common stock, $1 par value: 200,000,000 shares authorized,
  121,431,262 and 119,364,110 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
121,431 119,364 
Common stock issuable: 592,256 and 600,168 shares, respectively
13,190 12,999 
Capital surplus2,764,617 2,710,279 
Retained earnings802,590 714,138 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(177,170)(212,919)
Total shareholders' equity3,612,924 3,432,127 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$28,085,521 $27,720,258 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
5


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)2025202420252024
Net interest revenue:
Interest revenue:  
Loans, including fees$288,284 $291,595 $562,340 $575,578 
Investment securities, including tax exempt of $1,671, $1,699, $3,349 and $3,420, respectively
55,862 50,063 114,712 96,499 
Deposits in banks and short-term investments3,219 5,307 5,670 11,616 
Total interest revenue347,365 346,965 682,722 683,693 
Interest expense:
Deposits119,136 134,462 238,070 268,246 
Short-term borrowings83 60 1,190 60 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances  433  
Long-term debt2,615 3,743 5,477 7,538 
Total interest expense121,834 138,265 245,170 275,844 
Net interest revenue225,531 208,700 437,552 407,849 
Noninterest income:
Service charges and fees10,122 10,620 19,657 19,884 
Mortgage loan gains and other related fees5,370 6,799 11,492 14,310 
Wealth management fees4,400 6,386 8,865 12,699 
Net gains from sales of other loans1,995 1,296 3,391 2,833 
Lending and loan servicing fees3,690 3,328 7,855 7,538 
Securities gains, net286  292  
Other8,845 8,127 18,812 18,879 
Total noninterest income34,708 36,556 70,364 76,143 
Total revenue260,239 245,256 507,916 483,992 
Provision for credit losses11,818 12,235 27,237 25,134 
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits86,997 85,818 171,264 170,803 
Communications and equipment13,332 11,988 27,031 23,908 
Occupancy10,935 11,056 21,864 22,155 
Advertising and public relations2,881 2,459 4,762 4,360 
Postage, printing and supplies2,495 2,251 5,056 4,899 
Professional fees5,609 6,044 11,540 12,032 
Lending and loan servicing expense2,330 2,014 4,317 3,841 
Outside services - electronic banking3,570 2,812 6,333 5,730 
FDIC assessments and other regulatory charges4,745 4,467 9,387 12,033 
Amortization of intangibles3,292 3,794 6,578 7,681 
Merger-related and other charges4,833 2,157 6,130 4,244 
Other6,900 12,184 14,756 20,360 
Total noninterest expense147,919 147,044 289,018 292,046 
Income before income taxes100,502 85,977 191,661 166,812 
Income tax expense21,769 19,362 41,515 37,566 
Net income$78,733 $66,615 $150,146 $129,246 
Net income available to common shareholders$76,722 $64,674 $146,150 $125,387 
Net income per common share:
Basic$0.63 $0.54 $1.21 $1.05 
Diluted0.63 0.54 1.21 1.05 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic121,377 119,726 120,714 119,694 
Diluted121,432 119,785 120,820 119,763 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
6


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)Before-tax
Amount
Tax
(Expense)
Benefit
Net of Tax
Amount
Before-tax
Amount
Tax
(Expense)
Benefit
Net of Tax
Amount
2025
Net income$100,502 $(21,769)$78,733 $191,661 $(41,515)$150,146 
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized holding gains12,023 (2,759)9,264 46,647 (10,929)35,718 
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income(286)68 (218)(292)70 (222)
Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities11,737 (2,691)9,046 46,355 (10,859)35,496 
Amortization of unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities transferred from available-for-sale1,961 (465)1,496 3,925 (929)2,996 
Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges:
Unrealized holding losses on derivatives(397)100 (297)(1,386)350 (1,036)
Gains on derivative instruments realized in net income(1,129)285 (844)(2,250)568 (1,682)
Net cash flow hedge activity(1,526)385 (1,141)(3,636)918 (2,718)
Amortization of defined benefit pension plan net periodic pension cost components(17)5 (12)(34)9 (25)
Total other comprehensive income12,155 (2,766)9,389 46,610 (10,861)35,749 
Comprehensive income$112,657 $(24,535)$88,122 $238,271 $(52,376)$185,895 
2024
Net income$85,977 $(19,362)$66,615 $166,812 $(37,566)$129,246 
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities1,348 (773)575 1,704 (982)722 
Amortization of unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities transferred from available-for-sale2,474 (702)1,772 4,537 (1,195)3,342 
Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges:
Unrealized holding gains on derivatives1,000 (208)792 3,524 (853)2,671 
Gains on derivative instruments realized in net income(1,438)363 (1,075)(2,878)731 (2,147)
Net cash flow hedge activity(438)155 (283)646 (122)524 
Amortization of defined benefit pension plan net periodic pension cost components46 (12)34 90 (23)67 
Total other comprehensive income3,430 (1,332)2,098 6,977 (2,322)4,655 
Comprehensive income$89,407 $(20,694)$68,713 $173,789 $(39,888)$133,901 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
7


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
(in thousands except share and per share data) 
Shares of Common StockPreferred StockCommon StockCommon Stock IssuableCapital SurplusRetained Earnings
Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Loss
Total
Three Months Ended June 30,
Balance at March 31, 2024119,136,518 $88,266 $119,137 $11,923 $2,702,807 $614,612 $(236,635)$3,300,110 
Net income66,615 66,615 
Other comprehensive income2,098 2,098 
Preferred stock dividends(1,573)(1,573)
Common stock dividends ($0.23 per share)
(27,415)(27,415)
Impact of equity-based compensation awards34,544 34 92 2,450 2,576 
Impact of other United sponsored equity plans3,741 4 130 88 222 
Balance at June 30, 2024119,174,803 $88,266 $119,175 $12,145 $2,705,345 $652,239 $(234,537)$3,342,633 
Balance at March 31, 2025119,514,298 $88,266 $119,514 $12,983 $2,711,721 $754,971 $(186,559)$3,500,896 
Net income78,733 78,733 
Other comprehensive income9,389 9,389 
Impact of acquisition2,380,952 2,381 63,357 65,738 
Purchases of common stock(506,600)(507)(13,435)(13,942)
Preferred stock dividends(1,573)(1,573)
Common stock dividends ($0.24 per share)
(29,541)(29,541)
Impact of equity-based compensation awards38,441 39 78 2,881 2,998 
Impact of other United sponsored equity plans4,171 4 129 93 226 
Balance at June 30, 2025121,431,262 $88,266 $121,431 $13,190 $2,764,617 $802,590 $(177,170)$3,612,924 
Six Months Ended June 30,
Balance at December 31, 2023119,010,319 $88,266 $119,010 $13,110 $2,699,112 $581,219 $(239,192)$3,261,525 
Net income129,246 129,246 
Other comprehensive income4,655 4,655 
Preferred stock dividends(3,146)(3,146)
Common stock dividends ($0.46 per share)
(55,080)(55,080)
Impact of equity-based compensation awards114,691 114 168 5,406 5,688 
Impact of other United sponsored equity plans49,793 51 (1,133)827 (255)
Balance at June 30, 2024119,174,803 $88,266 $119,175 $12,145 $2,705,345 $652,239 $(234,537)$3,342,633 
Balance at December 31, 2024119,364,110 $88,266 $119,364 $12,999 $2,710,279 $714,138 $(212,919)$3,432,127 
Net income150,146 150,146 
Other comprehensive income35,749 35,749 
Impact of acquisitions2,380,952 2,381 63,357 65,738 
Purchases of common stock(506,600)(507)(13,435)(13,942)
Preferred stock dividends(3,146)(3,146)
Common stock dividends ($0.48 per share)
(58,548)(58,548)
Impact of equity-based compensation awards142,222 143 1,063 3,464 4,670 
Impact of other United sponsored equity plans50,578 50 (872)952 130 
Balance at June 30, 2025121,431,262 $88,266 $121,431 $13,190 $2,764,617 $802,590 $(177,170)$3,612,924 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
8


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)20252024
Operating activities:  
Net income$150,146 $129,246 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and accretion, net23,326 20,616 
Provision for credit losses27,237 25,134 
Stock based compensation5,208 4,989 
Deferred income tax expense3,550 1,808 
Securities gains, net(292) 
Net gains from sales of other loans(3,391)(2,833)
FinTrust goodwill write-down 5,100 
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Other assets9,247 4,574 
Accrued expense and other liabilities(39,954)21,574 
Loans held for sale20,391 (16,307)
Net cash provided by operating activities195,468 193,901 
Investing activities:
Debt securities held-to-maturity:
Proceeds from maturities and calls63,865 60,939 
Debt securities available-for-sale:
Proceeds from sales258,909 647 
Proceeds from maturities and calls407,365 356,110 
Purchases(192,605)(635,039)
Net (increase) decrease in loans(453,439)89,127 
Payments for other investments(21,947)(97,829)
Proceeds from other investments7,241 556 
Purchases of premises and equipment(16,434)(31,568)
Net cash received in acquisition41,246  
Other investing inflows8,936 9,788 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities103,137 (247,269)
Financing activities:
Net increase (decrease) in deposits127,494 (329,119)
Net decrease in short-term borrowings(195,000) 
Repayment of long-term debt(100,000) 
Proceeds from FHLB advances126,000 100 
Repayment of FHLB advances(126,000)(100)
Repurchase of common stock(13,942) 
Cash dividends on common stock(58,136)(55,494)
Cash dividends on preferred stock(3,146)(3,146)
Other financing inflows965 1,328 
Other financing outflows(1,757)(1,213)
Net cash used in financing activities(243,522)(387,644)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents55,083 (441,012)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period519,873 1,003,875 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$574,956 $562,863 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
9

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Note 1 – Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation
United’s accounting and financial reporting policies conform to GAAP and reporting guidelines of banking regulatory authorities. The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements have not been audited. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. A more detailed description of United’s accounting policies is included in its 2024 10-K.
 
In management’s opinion, all necessary accounting adjustments have been made to fairly present the financial position and results of operations in the accompanying financial statements. These adjustments are normal and recurring accruals considered necessary for a fair and accurate presentation. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year or any other interim periods. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in United’s 2024 10-K.

Note 2 – Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The supplemental schedule of significant non-cash investing and financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows.
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)20252024
Significant non-cash investing and financing transactions:
Commitments to fund other investments $8,906 $9,214 
Acquisitions:
  Assets acquired446,504  
  Liabilities assumed380,766  
  Common stock issued for net assets acquired65,738  

10

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 3 – Acquisitions

Acquisition of ANB
On May 1, 2025, United acquired all of the outstanding common stock of ANB in a stock transaction. ANB operated one banking location in Oakland Park, Florida, which facilitated United’s expansion within that market. United’s operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 include the operating results of the acquired business for the period subsequent to the acquisition date of May 1, 2025.

ANB
Fair Value Recorded by United (1)
(in thousands)
May 1, 2025
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$41,246 
Debt securities56,503 
Loans held for investment301,303 
Bank-owned life insurance13,822 
Net deferred tax asset6,565 
Core deposit intangible6,290 
Other assets2,746 
Total assets acquired428,475 
Liabilities
Deposits374,468 
Other liabilities6,298 
Total liabilities assumed380,766 
Total identifiable net assets47,709 
Consideration transferred
Common stock issued (2,380,952 shares)
65,738 
Goodwill$18,029 
(1) Fair values are preliminary and are subject to refinement for a period not to exceed one year after the closing date of an acquisition as information relative to closing date fair values becomes available.

Goodwill represents the intangible value of ANB’s business and reputation within the markets it served and is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The ANB core deposit intangible will be amortized over 10 years using the sum-of-the-years-digits method.

The following table presents additional information related to the acquired ANB loan portfolio at the acquisition date.
(in thousands)
May 1, 2025
PCD Loans
Par value$42,649 
ACL at acquisition(1,251)
Non-credit discount(2,998)
Purchase price$38,400 
Non- PCD:
Fair value$262,903 
Gross contractual amounts receivable325,973 
Estimate of contractual cash flows not expected to be collected3,158 
Pro forma information
 
The following table discloses the impact of the ANB acquisition since the acquisition date. The table also presents certain pro forma information as if ANB had been acquired on January 1, 2024. These results combine the historical results of the acquired entity with United’s consolidated statement of income. Adjustments were made for the estimated impact of certain fair value adjustments and other acquisition-related activity; however pro forma financial results presented are not necessarily indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition taken place in an earlier year.
11

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


ANB merger-related costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 of $8.93 million and $9.13 million, respectively, have been excluded from the pro forma information for those periods and included in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 pro forma information. The actual results and pro forma information were as follows:
 Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in thousands)RevenueNet IncomeRevenueNet Income
2025  
Actual ANB results included in statement of income since acquisition date$2,290 $(1,026)$2,290 $(1,026)
Supplemental consolidated pro forma as if ANB had been acquired January 1, 2024261,830 81,944 513,212 154,518 
2024
Supplemental consolidated pro forma as if ANB had been acquired January 1, 2024$249,217 $61,135 $491,835 $122,791 

Note 4 – Investment Securities

The amortized cost basis, unrealized gains and losses and fair value of HTM debt securities as of the dates indicated are as follows.
(in thousands)Amortized
Cost
Gross Unrealized
Gains
Gross Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
As of June 30, 2025    
U.S. Treasuries$19,911 $ $1,187 $18,724 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs98,968  12,721 86,247 
State and political subdivisions286,966 15 53,371 233,610 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs1,232,783 13 192,516 1,040,280 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs653,102  109,134 543,968 
Supranational entities15,000  2,081 12,919 
Total$2,306,730 $28 $371,010 $1,935,748 
As of December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasuries$19,896 $ $1,734 $18,162 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs99,154  16,291 82,863 
State and political subdivisions289,492 10 55,206 234,296 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs1,282,174 1 223,671 1,058,504 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs662,391  124,409 537,982 
Supranational entities15,000  2,681 12,319 
Total$2,368,107 $11 $423,992 $1,944,126 

12

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The amortized cost basis, unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of AFS debt securities as of the dates indicated are presented below.
(in thousands)Amortized
Cost
Gross Unrealized
Gains
Gross Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
As of June 30, 2025    
U.S. Treasuries$339,348 $839 $5,695 $334,492 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs307,198 128 11,635 295,691 
State and political subdivisions171,226 1 13,805 157,422 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs1,893,872 5,825 95,721 1,803,976 
Residential MBS, Non-Agency290,616 6 14,786 275,836 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs784,869 4,123 27,856 761,136 
Commercial MBS, Non-Agency8,069  149 7,920 
Corporate bonds146,082 14 8,266 137,830 
Asset-backed securities302,387 252 1,619 301,020 
Total$4,243,667 $11,188 $179,532 $4,075,323 
As of December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasuries$511,994 $874 $9,199 $503,669 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs334,147 100 13,980 320,267 
State and political subdivisions175,041  16,809 158,232 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs2,070,433 1,431 125,833 1,946,031 
Residential MBS, Non-Agency302,318  18,390 283,928 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs844,302 851 35,243 809,910 
Commercial MBS, Non-Agency13,323  336 12,987 
Corporate bonds164,069 130 11,579 152,620 
Asset-backed securities248,673 501 527 248,647 
Total$4,664,300 $3,887 $231,896 $4,436,291 
 
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 the carrying value of pledged securities totaled $2.81 billion and $3.20 billion, respectively. Securities were pledged primarily to secure public deposits.

The following table summarizes the fair values and gross unrealized losses of HTM debt securities as of the dates indicated based on the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.
Length of Time in Unrealized Loss Position
 Less than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
(in thousands)Fair ValueUnrealized
Loss
Fair ValueUnrealized
Loss
Fair ValueUnrealized
Loss
As of June 30, 2025      
U.S. Treasuries$ $ $18,724 $1,187 $18,724 $1,187 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs  86,247 12,721 86,247 12,721 
State and political subdivisions7,563 126 216,852 53,245 224,415 53,371 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs5,635 1,590 1,033,507 190,926 1,039,142 192,516 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs  543,968 109,134 543,968 109,134 
Supranational entities  12,919 2,081 12,919 2,081 
Total$13,198 $1,716 $1,912,217 $369,294 $1,925,415 $371,010 
As of December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasuries$ $ $18,162 $1,734 $18,162 $1,734 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs  82,863 16,291 82,863 16,291 
State and political subdivisions18,729 305 212,356 54,901 231,085 55,206 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs6,778 1,822 1,051,455 221,849 1,058,233 223,671 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs  537,981 124,409 537,981 124,409 
Supranational entities  12,319 2,681 12,319 2,681 
Total$25,507 $2,127 $1,915,136 $421,865 $1,940,643 $423,992 

13

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table summarizes the fair values and gross unrealized losses of AFS debt securities as of the dates indicated based on the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.
Length of Time in Unrealized Loss Position
 Less than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
(in thousands)Fair ValueUnrealized
Loss
Fair ValueUnrealized
Loss
Fair ValueUnrealized
Loss
As of June 30, 2025      
U.S. Treasuries$ $ $108,842 $5,695 $108,842 $5,695 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs63,519 342 189,422 11,293 252,941 11,635 
State and political subdivisions  155,427 13,805 155,427 13,805 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs312,651 1,454 864,320 94,267 1,176,971 95,721 
Residential MBS, Non-Agency2,289 63 273,108 14,723 275,397 14,786 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs78,620 225 347,768 27,631 426,388 27,856 
Commercial MBS, Non-Agency  7,919 149 7,919 149 
Corporate bonds  136,814 8,266 136,814 8,266 
Asset-backed securities156,826 897 38,077 722 194,903 1,619 
Total$613,905 $2,981 $2,121,697 $176,551 $2,735,602 $179,532 
As of December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasuries$75,183 $808 $106,036 $8,391 $181,219 $9,199 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs101,964 388 190,525 13,592 292,489 13,980 
State and political subdivisions  157,479 16,809 157,479 16,809 
Residential MBS, Agency & GSEs773,257 7,593 896,691 118,240 1,669,948 125,833 
Residential MBS, Non-Agency2,788 98 281,140 18,292 283,928 18,390 
Commercial MBS, Agency & GSEs226,363 1,733 355,852 33,510 582,215 35,243 
Commercial MBS, Non-Agency  12,987 336 12,987 336 
Corporate bonds  150,666 11,579 150,666 11,579 
Asset-backed securities46,870 98 64,271 429 111,141 527 
Total$1,226,425 $10,718 $2,215,647 $221,178 $3,442,072 $231,896 
 
At June 30, 2025, there were 519 AFS debt securities and 300 HTM debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position. United does not intend to sell nor does it believe it will be required to sell securities in an unrealized loss position prior to the recovery of their amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses at June 30, 2025 were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the majority of HTM securities were considered to have a zero loss assumption for ACL purposes. For the remaining HTM securities, primarily those issued by state and political subdivisions, calculated credit losses, and, thus, the related ACL were de minimis due to the high credit quality of the portfolio. As a result, no ACL was recorded on the HTM portfolio at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. In addition, based on the assessments performed at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was no ACL required related to the AFS portfolio.

The following table presents accrued interest receivable on HTM and AFS debt securities, which was excluded from the estimate of credit losses, for the periods indicated.
Accrued Interest Receivable
(in thousands)June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
HTM$5,633 $5,763 
AFS17,113 18,201 
14

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


The amortized cost and fair value of AFS and HTM debt securities at June 30, 2025, by contractual maturity, are presented in the following table.
 AFSHTM
(in thousands)Amortized CostFair ValueAmortized CostFair Value
Within 1 year:
U.S. Treasuries$124,053 $124,328 $ $ 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs458 452   
State and political subdivisions2,182 2,154 3,700 3,703 
Corporate bonds6,549 6,407   
133,242 133,341 3,700 3,703 
1 to 5 years:
U.S. Treasuries215,295 210,164 19,911 18,724 
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs42,689 40,568   
State and political subdivisions34,552 32,337 35,466 33,356 
Corporate bonds118,028 112,119   
410,564 395,188 55,377 52,080 
5 to 10 years:
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs176,519 169,321 75,193 66,446 
State and political subdivisions70,767 62,951 80,336 67,886 
Corporate bonds21,505 19,304   
Supranational entities  15,000 12,919 
268,791 251,576 170,529 147,251 
More than 10 years:
U.S. Government Agencies & GSEs87,532 85,350 23,775 19,801 
State and political subdivisions63,725 59,980 167,464 128,665 
Corporate bonds    
151,257 145,330 191,239 148,466 
Debt securities not due at a single maturity date:
Asset-backed securities302,387 301,020   
Residential MBS2,184,488 2,079,812 1,232,783 1,040,280 
Commercial MBS792,938 769,056 653,102 543,968 
3,279,813 3,149,888 1,885,885 1,584,248 
Total$4,243,667 $4,075,323 $2,306,730 $1,935,748 

Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers and borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations.

Realized gains and losses are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of securities sold. The following table summarizes AFS securities sales activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

 Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in thousands)2025202420252024
Proceeds from sales$205,433 $ $258,909 $647 
Gross realized gains$515 $ $521 $ 
Gross realized losses(229) (229) 
Securities gains, net$286 $ $292 $ 
Income tax expense attributable to sales$68 $ $70 $ 

15

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Equity Investments
The table below reflects the carrying value of certain equity investments, which are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet, as of the dates indicated.

(in thousands)
June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Federal Reserve stock
$90,422 $88,008 
FHLB stock
18,049 18,051 
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values2,272 2,341 

Note 5 – Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
 
Major classifications of the loan and lease portfolio (collectively referred to as the “loan portfolio” or “loans”) are summarized as of the dates indicated as follows. At June 30, 2025, remaining manufactured housing loans of $1.38 million are classified as consumer because manufactured housing is no longer a significant component of loans following the sale of substantially all of that portfolio in 2024.

(in thousands)June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Owner occupied CRE$3,563,126 $3,398,217 
Income producing CRE4,548,235 4,360,920 
Commercial & industrial2,515,360 2,428,376 
Commercial construction1,751,850 1,655,710 
Equipment financing1,777,936 1,662,501 
Total commercial14,156,507 13,505,724 
Residential mortgage3,210,430 3,231,479 
Home equity1,180,455 1,064,874 
Residential construction173,829 178,405 
Manufactured housing 1,723 
Consumer190,958 186,448 
Total loans excluding fair value hedge basis adjustment18,912,179 18,168,653 
Fair value hedge basis adjustment8,696 7,327 
     Total loans18,920,875 18,175,980 
Less ACL - loans(216,500)(206,998)
Loans, net$18,704,375 $17,968,982 

Accrued interest receivable related to loans totaled $58.6 million and $60.1 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and was reported in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest receivable was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the loan portfolio included certain loans specifically pledged to the Federal Reserve as well as loans covered by a blanket lien on qualifying loan types with the FHLB to secure contingent funding sources.

The following table presents the amortized cost of certain loans held for investment that were sold in the periods indicated. The net gain on these loan sales were included in noninterest income on the consolidated statements of income.

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)2025202420252024
Guaranteed portion of SBA/USDA loans$21,760 $18,311 $43,709 $27,699 
Equipment financing receivables16,887 8,391 21,049 36,714 
Total$38,647 $26,702 $64,758 $64,413 
  
16

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans
The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost basis in loans by aging category and accrual status as of the dates indicated. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. The accrual of interest is generally discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due.
 Accruing
Current LoansLoans Past Due
(in thousands)30 - 59 Days60 - 89 Days> 90 DaysNonaccrual LoansTotal Loans
As of June 30, 2025
Owner occupied CRE$3,553,328 $1,591 $ $ $8,207 $3,563,126 
Income producing CRE4,532,716 895   14,624 4,548,235 
Commercial & industrial2,495,943 3,415 580  15,422 2,515,360 
Commercial construction1,750,058 424   1,368 1,751,850 
Equipment financing1,758,884 3,709 3,612  11,731 1,777,936 
Total commercial14,090,929 10,034 4,192  51,352 14,156,507 
Residential mortgage3,179,352 6,512 1,969  22,597 3,210,430 
Home equity1,173,748 1,607 1,007  4,093 1,180,455 
Residential construction172,533 90 3  1,203 173,829 
Consumer189,250 340 161  1,207 190,958 
Total loans$18,805,812 $18,583 $7,332 $ $80,452 $18,912,179 
As of December 31, 2024
Owner occupied CRE
$3,381,622 $4,402 $519 $ $11,674 $3,398,217 
Income producing CRE
4,333,651 1,705 207  25,357 4,360,920 
Commercial & industrial2,395,889 2,665 483  29,339 2,428,376 
Commercial construction1,646,175 1,693 442  7,400 1,655,710 
Equipment financing1,644,721 5,939 2,916  8,925 1,662,501 
Total commercial13,402,058 16,404 4,567  82,695 13,505,724 
Residential mortgage3,199,956 4,808 2,100  24,615 3,231,479 
Home equity1,059,010 986 248  4,630 1,064,874 
Residential construction177,371 133 844  57 178,405 
Manufactured housing155 124   1,444 1,723 
Consumer185,545 636 129  138 186,448 
Total loans$18,024,095 $23,091 $7,888 $ $113,579 $18,168,653 

The following table presents nonaccrual loans held for investment by loan class for the periods indicated.
Nonaccrual Loans
 June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
(in thousands)With no allowanceWith an allowanceTotalWith no allowanceWith an allowanceTotal
Owner occupied CRE
$2,625 $5,582 $8,207 $9,926 $1,748 $11,674 
Income producing CRE
10,749 3,875 14,624 24,970 387 25,357 
Commercial & industrial7,689 7,733 15,422 21,570 7,769 29,339 
Commercial construction836 532 1,368 6,817 583 7,400 
Equipment financing24 11,707 11,731 33 8,892 8,925 
Total commercial21,923 29,429 51,352 63,316 19,379 82,695 
Residential mortgage2,716 19,881 22,597 6,540 18,075 24,615 
Home equity708 3,385 4,093 231 4,399 4,630 
Residential construction773 430 1,203  57 57 
Manufactured housing    1,444 1,444 
Consumer1 1,206 1,207 36 102 138 
Total$26,121 $54,331 $80,452 $70,123 $43,456 $113,579 

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, United had $36.0 million and $75.1 million, respectively, in loans for which repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. Estimated credit losses for these loans are based on the net realizable value of the collateral relative to the amortized cost of the loan. The majority of these loans are income producing CRE and commercial and industrial loans.
17

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Lease Receivables
The equipment financing portfolio includes sales-type and direct financing lease receivables. The components of the net investment in these lease receivables as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are provided in the table below.
(in thousands)June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Minimum future lease payments receivable$106,362 $97,793 
Estimated residual value of leased equipment6,737 5,749 
Initial direct costs2,071 1,856 
Security deposits(485)(491)
Unearned income(16,669)(15,412)
Net investment in leases$98,016 $89,495 

Minimum future lease payments expected to be received from equipment financing lease contracts as of June 30, 2025 were as follows: 
(in thousands)
Year 
Remainder of 2025$19,125 
202633,831 
202726,955 
202817,182 
20297,959 
Thereafter1,310 
Total$106,362 

Credit Quality Indicators
United utilizes internal risk ratings as the primary credit quality indicator as outlined below:

Commercial Purpose Loans. United analyzes commercial loans individually on an ongoing basis based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, public information, and current industry and economic trends, among other factors. Commercial loans are categorized by the credit risk ratings of Pass, Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful. Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful ratings are defined by regulatory authorities and represent an elevated level of risk due to weaknesses identified related to the credit and/or borrower. Ratings within these categories are based on the severity of the weakness and the likelihood of repayment. Pass loans are considered to have a low probability of default and do not meet the criteria of the other ratings.

Consumer Purpose Loans. United applies a pass/fail grading system to all consumer purpose loans. Under this system, loans generally classified as “fail” are those that are on nonaccrual status, become past due 90 days, or meet certain bankruptcy status criteria. All other loans are classified as “pass”. For reporting purposes, loans in these categories that are classified as “fail” are reported as substandard and all other loans are reported as pass.

18

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables present the risk category of term loans and gross charge-offs by vintage year, which is the year of origination or most recent renewal, as of the date indicated.
(in thousands)Term Loans by Origination YearRevolversRevolvers converted to term loansTotal
As of June 30, 202520252024202320222021Prior
Owner occupied CRE
Pass$338,649 $435,661 $507,581 $618,033 $502,481 $856,402 $128,598 $24,352 $3,411,757 
Special Mention 3,436 23,464 12,001 18,616 15,601 4,800 233 78,151 
Substandard1,083 2,950 4,137 32,581 7,796 22,193 2,346 132 73,218 
Total owner occupied CRE$339,732 $442,047 $535,182 $662,615 $528,893 $894,196 $135,744 $24,717 $3,563,126 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $165 $ $ $ $667 $ $ $832 
Income producing CRE
Pass$403,211 $473,221 $496,550 $906,116 $891,169 $1,064,513 $49,931 $13,550 $4,298,261 
Special Mention11,989 5,342 3,070 36,924 2,609 8,702   68,636 
Substandard20,038 40,187 38,391 7,831 3,830 71,061   181,338 
Total income producing CRE$435,238 $518,750 $538,011 $950,871 $897,608 $1,144,276 $49,931 $13,550 $4,548,235 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $1,970 $ $ $ $ $1,970 
Commercial & industrial
Pass$283,935 $442,728 $361,686 $213,279 $185,955 $270,360 $628,197 $15,165 $2,401,305 
Special Mention59 2,313 9,430 17,862 1,757 3,980 7,589 1,564 44,554 
Substandard2,565 3,239 21,638 5,563 5,061 9,043 15,663 6,729 69,501 
Total commercial & industrial$286,559 $448,280 $392,754 $236,704 $192,773 $283,383 $651,449 $23,458 $2,515,360 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $676 $3,896 $736 $ $225 $ $597 $6,130 
Commercial construction
Pass$271,120 $374,217 $318,612 $446,901 $126,786 $59,949 $43,352 $2,724 $1,643,661 
Special Mention5,896 7,062 462 41,989 5,253 464 6,333 110 67,569 
Substandard 458 543 29,998 5,604 4,017   40,620 
Total commercial construction$277,016 $381,737 $319,617 $518,888 $137,643 $64,430 $49,685 $2,834 $1,751,850 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $130 $ $ $ $130 
Equipment financing
Pass$442,271 $583,426 $372,142 $254,493 $82,532 $27,948 $ $ $1,762,812 
Special Mention   550 417    967 
Substandard499 2,091 4,196 4,229 2,344 798   14,157 
Total equipment financing$442,770 $585,517 $376,338 $259,272 $85,293 $28,746 $ $ $1,777,936 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $1,083 $4,001 $4,734 $1,677 $369 $ $ $11,864 
Residential mortgage
Pass$106,569 $112,636 $326,486 $976,419 $952,065 $706,930 $ $2,731 $3,183,836 
Substandard 1,736 3,334 7,531 3,204 10,646  143 26,594 
Total residential mortgage$106,569 $114,372 $329,820 $983,950 $955,269 $717,576 $ $2,874 $3,210,430 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $373 $48 $ $ $ $ $421 
Home equity
Pass$ $ $ $ $ $ $1,143,215 $32,360 $1,175,575 
Substandard       4,880 4,880 
Total home equity$ $ $ $ $ $ $1,143,215 $37,240 $1,180,455 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $71 $71 
Residential construction
Pass$33,404 $90,141 $20,315 $14,483 $6,474 $7,688 $ $88 $172,593 
Substandard 80 944 72 9 131   1,236 
Total residential construction$33,404 $90,221 $21,259 $14,555 $6,483 $7,819 $ $88 $173,829 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $102 $124 $ $ $ $ $226 
Consumer
Pass$58,563 $56,385 $31,570 $17,592 $4,380 $2,300 $18,794 $109 $189,693 
Substandard 220 486 176 137 246   1,265 
Total consumer$58,563 $56,605 $32,056 $17,768 $4,517 $2,546 $18,794 $109 $190,958 
Current period gross charge-offs$1,956 $234 $131 $80 $35 $13 $ $47 $2,496 

19

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(in thousands)Term LoansRevolversRevolvers converted to term loansTotal
As of December 31, 202420242023202220212020Prior
Owner occupied CRE
Pass$455,248 $540,913 $621,020 $555,846 $507,121 $425,932 $120,574 $21,867 $3,248,521 
Special Mention1,093 13,414 13,653 14,735 6,520 6,496 4,995 393 61,299 
Substandard3,285 5,365 37,791 9,647 8,519 22,319 1,471  88,397 
Total owner occupied CRE$459,626 $559,692 $672,464 $580,228 $522,160 $454,747 $127,040 $22,260 $3,398,217 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $221 $ $ $707 $ $ $928 
Income producing CRE
Pass$468,247 $477,887 $977,090 $896,096 $614,584 $606,395 $50,955 $15,025 $4,106,279 
Special Mention16,852 2,145 21,007 2,724 3,538 10,465 50  56,781 
Substandard59,437 36,259 16,758 3,411 39,085 42,910   197,860 
Total income producing CRE$544,536 $516,291 $1,014,855 $902,231 $657,207 $659,770 $51,005 $15,025 $4,360,920 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $3,128 $ $ $ $1,691 $ $ $4,819 
Commercial & industrial
Pass$464,843 $440,557 $270,459 $198,320 $125,964 $180,262 $583,147 $8,480 $2,272,032 
Special Mention8,630 12,438 18,832 2,794 1,238 3,794 24,286 1,806 73,818 
Substandard2,428 22,877 9,773 12,133 3,986 7,081 16,078 8,170 82,526 
Total commercial & industrial$475,901 $475,872 $299,064 $213,247 $131,188 $191,137 $623,511 $18,456 $2,428,376 
Current period gross charge-offs$842 $2,908 $6,826 $1,994 $2,282 $1,236 $ $3,270 $19,358 
Commercial construction
Pass$448,497 $348,179 $495,712 $153,303 $40,254 $40,004 $46,863 $1,196 $1,574,008 
Special Mention5,005 462 44,152 5,253  100 6,040  61,012 
Substandard1,900 3,956 1,491 6,549 6,621 173   20,690 
Total commercial construction$455,402 $352,597 $541,355 $165,105 $46,875 $40,277 $52,903 $1,196 $1,655,710 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $69 $53 $ $ $23 $ $ $145 
Equipment financing
Pass$693,205 $454,501 $328,490 $122,920 $33,870 $15,788 $ $ $1,648,774 
Special Mention  659 1,989 708 496   3,852 
Substandard653 2,784 3,453 1,828 527 630   9,875 
Total equipment financing$693,858 $457,285 $332,602 $126,737 $35,105 $16,914 $ $ $1,662,501 
Current period gross charge-offs$261 $5,489 $13,359 $6,418 $1,033 $309 $ $ $26,869 
Residential mortgage
Pass$121,145 $321,804 $1,015,693 $989,673 $402,894 $347,249 $ $2,971 $3,201,429 
Substandard2,291 3,841 8,922 2,410 1,748 10,618  220 30,050 
Total residential mortgage$123,436 $325,645 $1,024,615 $992,083 $404,642 $357,867 $ $3,191 $3,231,479 
Current period gross charge-offs$87 $124 $71 $3 $ $10 $ $ $295 
Home equity
Pass$ $ $ $ $ $ $1,028,340 $31,291 $1,059,631 
Substandard       5,243 5,243 
Total home equity$ $ $ $ $ $ $1,028,340 $36,534 $1,064,874 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $95 $95 
Residential construction
Pass$74,854 $55,164 $30,216 $8,539 $4,528 $4,872 $ $90 $178,263 
Substandard  49  3 90   142 
Total residential construction$74,854 $55,164 $30,265 $8,539 $4,531 $4,962 $ $90 $178,405 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $221 $73 $48 $ $ $ $ $342 
Manufactured housing
Pass$124 $ $ $ $ $150 $ $ $274 
Substandard285 506 178 112 169 199   1,449 
Total manufactured housing$409 $506 $178 $112 $169 $349 $ $ $1,723 
Current period gross charge-offs$ $1,679 $3,570 $2,518 $2,518 $4,304 $ $ $14,589 
Consumer
Pass$84,100 $43,889 $20,332 $7,103 $7,625 $563 $22,508 $100 $186,220 
Substandard1 118 42 36 30 1   228 
Total consumer$84,101 $44,007 $20,374 $7,139 $7,655 $564 $22,508 $100 $186,448 
Current period gross charge-offs$3,082 $281 $162 $34 $11 $8 $ $152 $3,730 

20

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
The period-end amortized cost and additional information regarding loans modified under the terms of a FDM during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are presented in the following tables.

Six Months Ended June 30,
20252024
New FDMsDefaults within 12 months of modificationNew FDMsDefaults within 12 months of modification
(dollars in thousands)Amortized Cost% of Total Class of ReceivableAmortized Cost% of Total Class of Receivable
Owner occupied CRE$2,364 0.1 %$ $2,697 0.1 %$ 
Income producing CRE   28,553 0.7  
Commercial & industrial   27,603 1.2  
Equipment financing7,683 0.4 378 4,290 0.3 284 
Residential mortgage5,304 0.2 282 1,994 0.1  
Home equity72      
Manufactured housing   126   
Total loans$15,423 0.1 $660 $65,263 0.4 $284 

The following table presents the aging category and accrual status of loans modified under the terms of a FDM during the previous 12 months on an amortized cost basis as of June 30, 2025.

Accruing
Loans Past Due
(in thousands)
Current
30 - 59 Days60 - 89 Days> 90 Days
Nonaccrual
Total
As of June 30, 2025
Owner occupied CRE$2,654 $ $ $ $ $2,654 
Income producing CRE    7,983 7,983 
Commercial & industrial2,693 306   130 3,129 
Equipment financing11,640 17 141  1,352 13,150 
Residential mortgage5,387    1,889 7,276 
Home equity    72 72 
Consumer    80 80 
Total$22,374 $323 $141 $ $11,506 $34,344 

The following table presents the amortized cost by type of FDM and the applicable weighted-average impact of the modifications for the periods indicated.

21

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

New FDMs
Six Months Ended June 30,
20252024
(dollars in thousands)Amortized CostWeighted Average
Modification
Amortized CostWeighted Average
Modification
Extension
Owner occupied CRE$ $198 6 months
Commercial & industrial 23,284 11 months
Residential mortgage538 7.1 years25 1 year
Total538 23,507 
Payment Delay
Owner occupied CRE (1)
2,364 7 months896 4 months
Income producing CRE (2)
 28,553 1 year
Commercial & industrial (1)
 155 6 months
Residential mortgage2,602 9 months 
Total4,966 29,604 
Rate Reduction
Commercial & industrial 891 
50 basis points
Residential mortgage348 
240 basis points
 
Home equity72 
400 basis points
 
Total 420 891 
Payment Delay and Extension
Commercial & industrial 573 
Payment delay: 4 months;
Extension: 3 years
Equipment financing7,683 
Extension and payment delay:
8 months
4,290 
Extension and payment delay:
8 months
Total7,683 4,863 
Rate Reduction and Extension
Residential mortgage1,816 
Rate reduction: 393 basis points; Extension: 5.8 years
1,969 
Rate reduction: 471 basis points; Extension: 2.6 years
Manufactured housing 126 
Rate reduction: 624 basis points; Extension: 6 years
Total1,816 2,095 
Rate Reduction and Payment Delay
Owner occupied CRE 1,439 
Rate reduction: 75 basis points;
Payment delay: 6 months
Commercial & industrial 115 
Rate reduction: 150 basis points;
Payment delay: 6 months
Total 1,554 
Rate Reduction, Payment Delay & Extension
Owner occupied CRE 164 
Rate reduction: 75 basis points; Payment delay: 6 months;
Extension: 3 years
Commercial & industrial 2,585 
Rate reduction: 267 basis points; Payment delay: 6 months;
Extension: 4.5 years
Total 2,749 
Total $15,423 $65,263 
(1) Payment delay FDMs in bankruptcy are excluded from the weighted average payment delay calculation.
(2) Payment delays in this category reflect principal payment delays, while interest payments continue in accordance with loan terms.


22

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Allowance for Credit Losses
The ACL for loans represents management’s estimate of life of loan credit losses in the portfolio as of the end of the period. The ACL related to unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.

For all periods presented, United used a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. Expected credit losses were estimated using a regression model for each segment based on historical data from peer banks combined with a baseline economic forecast to predict the change in credit losses. These estimates were then combined with a starting value that was based on United’s recent charge-off experience to produce an expected default rate, with the results subject to a floor.

At June 30, 2025, the baseline economic forecast had worsened slightly relative to the forecasts at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 as the implemented tariffs were larger than anticipated, which negatively affected forecasted unemployment and GDP. However, the decrease in United’s charge-offs lowered the initial expected default rates for some segments and thus contributed to a lower modeled ACL balance. At June 30, 2025, United applied a qualitative adjustment to increase the model’s calculated ACL for the income producing CRE portfolio, partially offset by qualitative adjustments to decrease the model’s calculated ACL for the residential mortgage and commercial and industrial portfolios. These qualitative adjustments were applied to better reflect management’s expectations of future performance as indicated by internal credit performance measures. In addition, at June 30, 2025, United’s qualitative adjustment to estimate losses for loans to borrowers affected by Hurricane Helene added $4.42 million to the ACL balance, compared to $9.80 million at December 31, 2024.

For periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period of one year, United reverted to historical credit loss information on a straight line basis over two years. For most collateral types, United reverted to through-the-cycle average default rates using peer data from 2000 to 2017. For loans secured by residential mortgages, the peer data was adjusted for changes in lending practices designed to mitigate the magnitude of losses observed during the 2008 mortgage crisis.

23

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents the balance and activity in the ACL by portfolio segment for the periods indicated.
Three Months Ended June 30,
20252024
(in thousands)
Beginning Balance
Initial ACL -PCD loans (2)
Charge-OffsRecoveries(Release) ProvisionEnding BalanceBeginning BalanceCharge-OffsRecoveries(Release) ProvisionEnding Balance
Owner occupied CRE$21,505 $278 $(561)$91 $(346)$20,967 $19,658 $(373)$210 $2,292 $21,787 
Income producing CRE45,817 910 (950)17 3,278 49,072 46,798 (3,129)161 (936)42,894 
Commercial & industrial37,704 23 (2,768)1,741 1,993 38,693 31,858 (3,284)2,003 1,524 32,101 
Commercial construction16,725 39 (130)41 (696)15,979 20,023  48 (454)19,617 
Equipment financing47,600  (5,927)964 5,263 47,900 39,982 (6,604)1,102 10,635 45,115 
Residential mortgage29,679  (372)59 851 30,217 28,636 (6)113 (131)28,612 
Home equity10,297 1 (71)143 442 10,812 9,715  27 (356)9,386 
Residential construction1,622   9 181 1,812 1,529 (56)30 (119)1,384 
Manufactured housing (1)
      12,044 (1,233)83 628 11,522 
Consumer1,025  (982)471 534 1,048 691 (916)210 619 604 
ACL - loans211,974 1,251 (11,761)3,536 11,500 216,500 210,934 (15,601)3,987 13,702 213,022 
ACL - unfunded commitments11,227 — — — 318 11,545 13,185 — — (1,467)11,718 
Total ACL$223,201 $1,251 $(11,761)$3,536 $11,818 $228,045 $224,119 $(15,601)$3,987 $12,235 $224,740 
Six Months Ended June 30,
20252024
(in thousands)
Beginning Balance
Initial ACL - PCD loans (2)
Charge-OffsRecoveries(Release) ProvisionEnding BalanceBeginning
Balance
Charge-
Offs
Recoveries(Release)
Provision
Ending
Balance
Owner occupied CRE$19,873 $278 $(832)$236 $1,412 $20,967 $23,542 $(801)$436 $(1,390)$21,787 
Income producing CRE41,427 910 (1,970)319 8,386 49,072 47,755 (3,358)185 (1,688)42,894 
Commercial & industrial35,441 23 (6,130)2,656 6,703 38,693 30,890 (8,070)2,883 6,398 32,101 
Commercial construction16,370 39 (130)179 (479)15,979 21,741 (53)81 (2,152)19,617 
Equipment financing47,415  (11,864)1,859 10,490 47,900 33,383 (13,893)2,029 23,596 45,115 
Residential mortgage32,259  (421)109 (1,730)30,217 28,219 (22)145 270 28,612 
Home equity11,247 1 (71)205 (570)10,812 9,647 (7)88 (342)9,386 
Residential construction1,672  (226)16 350 1,812 1,833 (189)44 (304)1,384 
Manufactured housing (1)
450    (450) 10,339 (2,840)121 3,902 11,522 
Consumer844  (2,496)729 1,971 1,048 722 (1,777)476 1,183 604 
ACL - loans206,998 1,251 (24,140)6,308 26,083 216,500 208,071 (31,010)6,488 29,473 213,022 
ACL - unfunded commitments10,391 — — — 1,154 11,545 16,057 — — (4,339)11,718 
Total ACL$217,389 $1,251 $(24,140)$6,308 $27,237 $228,045 $224,128 $(31,010)$6,488 $25,134 $224,740 
(1) The release of ACL presented for manufactured housing loans for the six months ended June 30, 2025 represents a reclassification of the allowance to the consumer line where these loan balances are reflected as of June 30, 2025.
(2) Represents the initial ACL related to PCD loans acquired in the ANB transaction.
24

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 6 – Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The table below presents the fair value of derivative financial instruments, which are included in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet, as of the dates indicated.
June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Notional Amount
Fair ValueNotional AmountFair Value
(in thousands)Derivative AssetDerivative LiabilityDerivative AssetDerivative Liability
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Cash flow hedge of subordinated debt$100,000 $8,027 $ $100,000 $11,196 $ 
Cash flow hedges of trust preferred securities20,000   20,000   
Fair value hedges of AFS debt securities 802,731   821,507   
Fair value hedges of loans2,050,000   1,650,000   
Total2,972,731 8,027  2,591,507 11,196  
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Customer derivative positions1,359,362 10,356 40,944 1,225,732 1,740 63,703 
Dealer offsets to customer derivative positions1,359,362 12,311 10,155 1,225,732 21,897 1,811 
Risk participations121,073  157 81,147  12 
Mortgage banking - loan commitments60,875 1,472  52,444 822  
Mortgage banking - forward sales commitment81,388  561 77,401 394 34 
Bifurcated embedded derivatives51,935 7,658  51,935 10,834  
Dealer offsets to bifurcated embedded derivatives51,935  9,060 51,935  12,274 
Total3,085,930 31,797 60,877 2,766,326 35,687 77,834 
Total derivatives$6,058,661 $39,824 $60,877 $5,357,833 $46,883 $77,834 
Total gross derivative instruments$39,824 $60,877 $46,883 $77,834 
Less: Amounts subject to master netting agreements(7,872)(7,872)(1,900)(1,900)
Less: Cash collateral received/pledged(14,945)(11,445)(33,005)(12,230)
Net amount$17,007 $41,560 $11,978 $63,704 

United clears certain derivatives centrally through the CME. CME rules legally characterize variation margin payments for centrally cleared derivatives as settlements of the derivatives’ exposure rather than as collateral. As a result, the variation margin payment and the related derivative instruments are considered a single unit of account for accounting purposes. Variation margin, as determined by the CME, is settled daily. As a result, derivative contracts that clear through the CME have an estimated fair value of zero.

Hedging Derivatives

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk 
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, United utilized interest rate caps and swaps to hedge the variability of cash flows due to changes in interest rates on certain of its variable-rate subordinated debt and trust preferred securities. Gains and losses related to changes in fair value are reclassified into earnings in the periods the hedged forecasted transactions occur. Over the next twelve months, United expects to reclassify $4.03 million of gains from AOCI into earnings related to these agreements.

Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk 
United uses interest rate derivatives to manage its exposure to changes in fair value attributable to changes in interest rates on certain of its fixed-rate financial instruments.

25

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The table below presents the effect of derivatives in hedging relationships, all of which are interest rate contracts, on net interest income for the periods indicated.
Affected Income Statement Line Item Increase/(Decrease) to EarningsThree Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in thousands)2025202420252024
Fair value hedges:
AFS securities:
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives$1,548 $3,120 $2,889 $5,976 
(Loss) gain recognized on derivative
(4,863)390 (13,167)9,852 
Gain (loss) recognized on hedged items4,901 310 13,308 (9,488)
Net income recognized on AFS securities fair value hedges
Interest revenue - investment securities
$1,586 $3,820 $3,030 $6,340 
Loans:
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives$(327)$3,665 $(887)$4,963 
Gain (loss) recognized on derivatives
1,220 3,467 (788)5,625 
(Loss) gain recognized on hedged items
(826)(3,351)1,369 (5,646)
Net income (loss) recognized on loan fair value hedges
Interest revenue - loans, including fees$67 $3,781 $(306)$4,942 
Cash flow hedges:
Long-term debt (1)
Interest expense- long term debt$1,129 $1,438 $2,250 $2,878 
 (1) Includes premium amortization expense excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness of $234,000 and $235,000 for the six months ended 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The table below presents the carrying amount of hedged items and cumulative fair value hedging basis adjustments for the periods presented. All fair value hedges of AFS debt securities and loans at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were designated under the portfolio layer method.

(in thousands)June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Balance Sheet Location
Carrying Amount
Hedge Accounting Basis Adjustment
Hedged Portfolio Layer
Carrying Amount
Hedge Accounting Basis AdjustmentHedged Portfolio Layer
Debt securities AFS (1)
$983,772 $3,556 $802,731 $1,002,511 $(9,752)$821,507 
Loans and leases held for investment4,289,904 8,696 2,050,000 4,628,030 7,327 1,650,000 
(1) Carrying amount for AFS debt securities reflects amortized cost, which excludes the hedge accounting basis adjustment.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments 
Customer derivative positions include swaps, caps, and collars between United and certain commercial loan customers with offsetting positions to dealers under a back-to-back program. In addition, United occasionally enters into credit risk participation agreements with counterparty banks to accept or transfer a portion of the credit risk related to interest rate swaps.

United also has three interest rate swap contracts that are economic hedges of market-linked brokered certificates of deposit, which contain embedded derivatives that are bifurcated from the host instruments. The fair value marks on the swaps and the bifurcated embedded derivatives tend to move in opposite directions and therefore provide an economic hedge.
  
In addition, in connection with residential mortgage loans that are originated with the intention of selling them, United enters into commitments to originate residential mortgage loans and forward loan sales commitments.

26

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The table below presents the gains and losses recognized in income on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments for the periods indicated.
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on DerivativesAmount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)2025202420252024
Customer derivatives and dealer offsets Other noninterest income$1,058 $451 $2,002 $206 
Bifurcated embedded derivatives and dealer offsetsOther noninterest income(10)1 (4)(191)
Mortgage banking derivativesMortgage loan gains and other related fees(705)451 (295)1,352 
Risk participationsOther noninterest income(19)(3)175 (1)
  $324 $900 $1,878 $1,366 
 
Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features 
United manages its credit exposure on derivatives transactions by entering into a bilateral credit support agreement with each non-customer counterparty. The credit support agreements require collateralization of exposures beyond specified minimum threshold amounts. The details of these agreements, including the minimum thresholds, vary by counterparty.
 
United’s agreements with each of its derivative counterparties provide that if either party defaults on any of its indebtedness, then it could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. The agreements with derivative counterparties also include provisions that if not met, could result in United being declared in default. United has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that provide that if United fails to maintain its status as a well-capitalized institution or is subject to a prompt corrective action directive, the counterparty could terminate the derivative positions and United would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements. Derivatives that are centrally cleared do not have credit-risk-related features that would require additional collateral if United’s credit rating were downgraded.

Note 7 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 
The carrying amount of goodwill and other intangible assets as of the dates indicated is summarized below.

(in thousands)June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Core deposit intangible$106,984 $100,694 
Less: accumulated amortization(57,718)(51,141)
Net core deposit intangible (1)
49,266 49,553 
Goodwill925,119 907,090 
Total goodwill and other intangible assets, net$974,385 $956,643 
(1) As intangible assets become fully amortized, they are excluded from balances presented.

During the second quarter of 2025, in connection with the ANB acquisition, United recorded a core deposit intangible of $6.29 million.

The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the periods indicated.

Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in thousands)2025202420252024
Balance, beginning of period
$907,090 $921,253 $907,090 $919,914 
Acquisition of ANB (1)
18,029  18,029  
Measurement period adjustment - First Miami
   1,339 
FinTrust goodwill write-down
 (5,100) (5,100)
Balance, end of period
$925,119 $916,153 $925,119 $916,153 
(1) See Note 3 for further details.
27

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


The estimated aggregate amortization expense for future periods for finite-lived intangibles is as follows:
(in thousands)
Year 
Remainder of 2025$6,502 
202611,501 
20279,498 
20287,592 
20295,835 
Thereafter8,338 
Total$49,266 

Note 8 – Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market available to the entity in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Fair values are categorized within a three-level measurement hierarchy:
Level 1 Valuation is based upon quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that United has the ability to access.
Level 2 Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.
Level 3 Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption based on unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity.

United has processes in place to review the significant valuation inputs and to assesses on a quarterly basis how instruments are classified within the valuation framework. Transfers into or out of fair value hierarchy levels are made as the observability of input assumptions change. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, there were no changes to valuation approaches or techniques that warranted a hierarchy level change.

28

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The table below presents United’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall.
(in thousands)
June 30, 2025Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets:    
AFS debt securities:    
U.S. Treasuries$334,492 $ $ $334,492 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 295,691  295,691 
State and political subdivisions 157,422  157,422 
Residential MBS 2,079,812  2,079,812 
Commercial MBS 769,056  769,056 
Corporate bonds 136,595 1,235 137,830 
Asset-backed securities 301,020  301,020 
Equity securities 2,272  2,272 
Mortgage loans held for sale 37,143  37,143 
Mutual funds14,415   14,415 
Servicing rights for SBA/USDA loans  4,806 4,806 
Residential mortgage servicing rights  39,677 39,677 
Contingent consideration receivable  7,297 7,297 
Derivative financial instruments 30,694 9,130 39,824 
Total assets$348,907 $3,809,705 $62,145 $4,220,757 
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation plan liability$14,417 $ $ $14,417 
Derivative financial instruments 51,660 9,217 60,877 
Total liabilities$14,417 $51,660 $9,217 $75,294 

(in thousands)
December 31, 2024Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets:    
AFS debt securities:    
U.S. Treasuries$503,669 $ $ $503,669 
U.S. Government agencies & GSEs 320,267  320,267 
State and political subdivisions 158,232  158,232 
Residential MBS 2,229,959  2,229,959 
Commercial MBS 822,897  822,897 
Corporate bonds 150,394 2,226 152,620 
Asset-backed securities 248,647  248,647 
Equity securities 2,341  2,341 
Mortgage loans held for sale 57,534  57,534 
Mutual funds15,335   15,335 
Servicing rights for SBA/USDA loans  4,697 4,697 
Residential mortgage servicing rights  39,294 39,294 
Contingent consideration receivable  7,470 7,470 
Derivative financial instruments 35,227 11,656 46,883 
Total assets$519,004 $4,025,498 $65,343 $4,609,845 
Liabilities:
Deferred compensation plan liability$15,331 $ $ $15,331 
Derivative financial instruments 65,548 12,286 77,834 
Total liabilities$15,331 $65,548 $12,286 $93,165 
 
29

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs related to United’s material categories of Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated.

Level 3 Assets and LiabilitiesValuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable InputsJune 30, 2025December 31, 2024
RangeWeighted AverageRangeWeighted Average
Residential mortgage servicing rightsDiscounted cash flowDiscount rate
10.0 - 12.5
10.1 
10.0 - 14.0
10.1 
Prepayment rate
6.5 - 25.8
7.5 
6.5 - 77.6
7.6 
Derivative assets - mortgageInternal modelPull through rate
73.0 - 100
90.2 
70.4 - 100
91.6 
Derivative assets and liabilities - otherDealer pricedDealer pricedN/AN/AN/AN/A
Contingent consideration receivableDiscounted cash flowDiscount rate
0.0 - 7.1
6.4 
0.0 - 7.1
6.4 
Probability of achievement
89.3 - 100
92.6 
89.3 - 100
92.6 

The table below presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated.
20252024
(in thousands)Derivative
Assets
Derivative
Liabilities
SBA/USDA Loan Servicing Rights
Residential Mortgage Servicing Rights
Corporate Bonds
Contingent Consideration Receivable
Derivative
Assets
Derivative
Liabilities
SBA/USDA Loan Servicing Rights
Residential Mortgage Servicing Rights
Corporate Bonds
Three Months Ended June 30,        
Beginning balance$11,319 $10,825 $4,920 $39,660 $2,230 $7,390 $12,811 $13,185 $5,507 $37,358 $2,160 
Additions1,403  410 1,440   1,362  345 1,060  
Sales and settlements(1,990) (221)(653)(1,000)(93)(1,394) (313)(1,037) 
Fair value adjustments included in OCI    5      37 
Fair value adjustments included in earnings(1,602)(1,608)(303)(770)  154 128 (292)633  
Ending balance$9,130 $9,217 $4,806 $39,677 $1,235 $7,297 $12,933 $13,313 $5,247 $38,014 $2,197 
Six Months Ended June 30,
Beginning balance$11,656 $12,286 $4,697 $39,294 $2,226 $7,470 $10,642 $11,172 $5,444 $35,897 $2,205 
Additions3,245 321 852 2,492   2,828  515 1,778  
Transfers from Level 2      484 925    
Sales and settlements(2,595) (358)(1,261)(1,000)(173)(2,317) (554)(1,797) 
Fair value adjustments included in OCI    9      (8)
Fair value adjustments included in earnings(3,176)(3,390)(385)(848)  1,296 1,216 (158)2,136  
Ending balance$9,130 $9,217 $4,806 $39,677 $1,235 $7,297 $12,933 $13,313 $5,247 $38,014 $2,197 
30

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


Fair Value Option
United generally records mortgage loans held for sale at fair value under the fair value option. Interest income on these loans is calculated based on the note rate of the loan and is recorded in interest revenue. The following tables present the fair value and outstanding principal balance of loans accounted for under the fair value option, as well as the gain or loss recognized from the change in fair value for the periods indicated.
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
(in thousands)June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Outstanding principal balance$35,885 $56,097 
Fair value37,143 57,534 

Gain (Loss) from Change in Fair Value on Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
LocationThree Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in thousands)2025202420252024
 Mortgage loan gains (losses) and other related fees
$ $204 $(179)$172 

Changes in fair value were mostly offset by hedging activities. An immaterial portion of these amounts was attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
United may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of the lower of the amortized cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets due to impairment. The following table presents the fair value hierarchy and carrying value of assets that were still held as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, for which a nonrecurring fair value adjustment was recorded during the year-to-date periods presented.
(in thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
June 30, 2025    
Loans held for investment$ $ $8,213 $8,213 
December 31, 2024
Loans held for investment$ $ $27,313 $27,313 

Loans held for investment that are reported above are generally impaired loans that have either been partially charged off or have specific reserves assigned to them.

Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value  
The following disclosure provides estimated fair values for financial instruments not carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect the premium or discount on any particular financial instrument that could result from the sale of United’s entire holdings. All estimates are inherently subjective in nature. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

31

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

 Fair Value Level
(in thousands)Carrying AmountLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
June 30, 2025     
Assets:     
HTM debt securities$2,306,730 $18,724 $1,917,024 $ $1,935,748 
Loans and leases, net18,704,375   18,082,340 18,082,340 
Liabilities:
Deposits23,963,012  23,959,284  23,959,284 
Long-term debt155,143   151,070 151,070 
December 31, 2024
Assets:
HTM debt securities$2,368,107 $18,162 $1,925,964 $ $1,944,126 
Loans and leases, net17,968,982   17,325,630 17,325,630 
Liabilities:
Deposits23,460,975  23,453,487  23,453,487 
Long-term debt254,152   248,657 248,657 
 
Note 9 – Reclassifications Out of AOCI

The following table presents the details regarding amounts reclassified out of AOCI for the periods indicated. Amounts shown in parentheses reduce earnings.
(in thousands)
Details about AOCI ComponentsThree Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented
2025202420252024
Realized net gains on AFS securities:
$286 $ $292 $ Securities gains, net
 (68) (70) Income tax expense
 $218 $ $222 $ Net of tax
Amortization of unrealized losses on HTM securities transferred from AFS:
 $(1,961)$(2,474)$(3,925)$(4,537)Investment securities interest revenue
 465 702 929 1,195 Income tax expense
 $(1,496)$(1,772)$(2,996)$(3,342)Net of tax
Reclassifications related to derivative instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts$1,129 $1,438 $2,250 $2,878 Long-term debt interest expense
 (285)(363)(568)(731)Income tax expense
 $844 $1,075 $1,682 $2,147 Net of tax
Amortization of defined benefit pension plan net periodic pension cost components:
Prior service cost$17 $(46)$34 $(90)Salaries and employee benefits expense
 (5)12 (9)23 Income tax expense
 $12 $(34)$25 $(67)Net of tax
Total reclassifications for the period$(422)$(731)$(1,067)$(1,262)Net of tax

32

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 10 – Earnings Per Share
 
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated.
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)
2025202420252024
Net income$78,733 $66,615 $150,146 $129,246 
Dividends on preferred stock(1,573)(1,573)(3,146)(3,146)
Earnings allocated to participating securities(438)(368)(850)(713)
Net income available to common shareholders$76,722 $64,674 $146,150 $125,387 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic121,377 119,726 120,714 119,694 
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options55 59 71 69 
Restricted stock units  35  
Diluted121,432 119,785 120,820 119,763 
Net income per common share:
Basic$0.63 $0.54 $1.21 $1.05 
Diluted$0.63 $0.54 $1.21 $1.05 
 
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, no potentially dilutive shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options were excluded from the computation of earnings per share because of their antidilutive effect. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, 58,734 and 984 potentially dilutive shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options were excluded from the computation of earnings per share because of their antidilutive effect.

Note 11 – Regulatory Matters

As of June 30, 2025, United and the Bank were categorized as well-capitalized under the regulatory requirements in effect at that time. To be categorized as well-capitalized, United and the Bank must have exceeded the well-capitalized guideline ratios in effect at the time, as set forth in the table below, and have met certain other requirements. Management believes that United and the Bank exceeded all well-capitalized requirements at June 30, 2025, and there have been no conditions or events since quarter-end that would change the status of well-capitalized.

Regulatory capital ratios at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, along with the minimum amounts required for capital adequacy purposes and to be well-capitalized under regulatory requirements in effect at such times, are presented below for United and the Bank:
United Community Banks, Inc.
(Consolidated)
United Community Bank
(dollars in thousands)
Minimum (1)
Well-
Capitalized
June 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
June 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
Risk-based ratios:
CET1 capital4.5 %6.5 %13.34 %13.27 %12.60 %13.05 %
Tier 1 capital6.0 8.0 13.77 13.72 12.60 13.05 
Total capital8.0 10.0 15.14 15.17 13.66 14.08 
Leverage ratio4.0 5.0 10.37 9.96 9.48 9.46 
CET1 capital$2,728,423 $2,608,136 $2,569,206 $2,555,941 
Tier 1 capital2,816,689 2,696,402 2,569,206 2,555,941 
Total capital3,096,192 2,982,273 2,783,709 2,756,811 
Risk-weighted assets20,456,677 19,655,227 20,385,881 19,582,815 
Average total assets for the leverage ratio27,153,560 27,059,513 27,104,174 27,014,385 
(1) As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the minimum ratios as presented were subject to an additional capital conservation buffer of 2.50%

33

UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies
 
United is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. United uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it uses for underwriting on-balance sheet instruments. In most cases, collateral or other security is required to support financial instruments with credit risk.
 
The following table summarizes the contractual amount of significant off-balance sheet instruments as of the dates indicated.
(in thousands)June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk:  
Commitments to extend credit$4,335,416 $3,970,991 
Letters of credit55,752 57,983 

United, in the normal course of business, is subject to various pending and threatened lawsuits in which claims for monetary damages are asserted. Although it is not possible to predict the outcome of these lawsuits, or the range of any possible loss, management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not anticipate that the ultimate aggregate liability, if any, arising from these lawsuits will have a material adverse effect on United’s financial position or results of operations.

34


Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is a discussion of our financial condition at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The purpose of this discussion is to focus on information about our financial condition and results of operations which is not otherwise apparent from our consolidated financial statements and is intended to provide insight into our results of operations and financial condition. The following discussion and analysis should be read along with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Part I - Item 1 of this Report, “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and the risk factors discussed in our 2024 10-K and the other reports we have filed with the SEC after we filed the 2024 10-K.

Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “our,” “us” refer to United on a consolidated basis.
 
Overview
 
We offer a wide array of commercial and consumer banking services and investment advisory solutions through a network of 200 banking offices in Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Florida and Alabama. Our equipment finance and SBA/USDA lending businesses operate throughout the United States. At June 30, 2025, we had consolidated total assets of $28.1 billion and 3,050 full-time equivalent employees.

Recent Developments

On May 1, 2025, we completed the acquisition of ANB, which was headquartered in Oakland Park, Florida where it operated one banking location. We acquired $447 million of assets, including goodwill, and assumed $381 million of liabilities in the acquisition, which included $301 million in loans and $374 million in deposits. Our operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 include ANB’s operating results for the period subsequent to the acquisition date.

On July 4, 2025, the U.S. enacted the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which includes a broad range of tax reform provisions affecting businesses. Of note, the 21% corporate tax rate provided by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which was scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2025, was made permanent with the passing of this law.

Results of Operations

We reported net income and diluted earnings per common share of $78.7 million and $0.63, respectively, for the second quarter of 2025, compared to $66.6 million and $0.54, respectively, for the same period in 2024. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, we reported net income of $150 million and $129 million, respectively, and diluted earnings per common share of $1.21 and $1.05, respectively.

Net interest revenue for the second quarter and first half of 2025 was $226 million and $438 million, respectively, compared to $209 million and $408 million, respectively, for the same periods of 2024. The increase in net interest revenue was mostly driven by lower deposit interest expense.

Net interest margin for the second quarter and first half of 2025 increased to 3.50% and 3.43%, respectively, from 3.37% and 3.28%, respectively, for the comparative 2024 periods. The increases in net interest margin were primarily due to the larger decrease in interest rates paid on deposits compared to the decrease in interest rates earned on loans.

We recorded a provision for credit losses of $11.8 million and $27.2 million for the second quarter and first half of 2025, respectively, which included $2.49 million for the initial ACL for ANB non-PCD loans and unfunded commitments. Provision expense for the comparative periods of 2024 was $12.2 million and $25.1 million.

Noninterest income of $34.7 million and $70.4 million for the second quarter and first half of 2025 decreased by $1.85 million and $5.78 million, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2024. The decrease was mostly driven by negative fair value adjustments to our mortgage servicing asset and a decrease in wealth management fees. The decrease in wealth management fees is reflective of the decrease in assets under management following the sale of FinTrust in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Noninterest expense of $148 million and $289 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2025 were relatively consistent with the expense reported for the comparative periods of 2024. The three and six months of 2025 included ANB merger-related expense and higher communications and equipment expense, while the comparative periods of 2024 included a $5.10 million goodwill write-down related to the sale of FinTrust.
35



Results for the second quarter and first six months of 2025 are discussed in further detail throughout the following sections of MD&A.

Critical Accounting Estimates
 
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period. Our accounting and reporting estimates are in accordance with GAAP and conform to customary practices within the banking industry. Estimates that are susceptible to significant changes include accounting for the ACL and fair value measurements, both of which require significant judgments by management. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Also, different assumptions in the application of these accounting estimates could result in material changes in our consolidated financial position or consolidated results of operations. Our critical accounting estimates are discussed in MD&A in our 2024 10-K.

Non-GAAP Reconciliation and Explanation

This Report contains financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. Such non-GAAP financial information includes the following measures: “tangible book value per common share,” and “tangible common equity to tangible assets.” In addition, management presents non-GAAP operating performance measures, which exclude merger-related and other items that are not part of our ongoing business operations. Operating performance measures include “noninterest income - operating,” “noninterest expense - operating,” “net income – operating,” “diluted income per common share – operating,” “tangible book value per common share,” “return on common equity – operating,” “return on tangible common equity – operating,” “return on assets – operating,” “efficiency ratio – operating” and “tangible common equity to tangible assets” We have developed internal policies and procedures to accurately capture and account for merger-related and other charges and those charges are reviewed with the Audit Committee of our Board each quarter. We use these non-GAAP measures because we believe they provide useful supplemental information for evaluating our operations and performance over periods of time, as well as in managing and evaluating our business and in discussions about our operations and performance. We believe these non-GAAP measures may also provide users of our financial information with a meaningful measure for assessing our financial results and credit trends, as well as a comparison to financial results for prior periods. Nevertheless, non-GAAP measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied and are not audited. These non-GAAP measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative to or substitute for, measures determined in accordance with GAAP. In addition, because non-GAAP measures are not standardized, it may not be possible to compare our non-GAAP measures to similarly titled measures used by other companies. To the extent applicable, reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable measures as reported in accordance with GAAP are included in Table 1 of MD&A.
36


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Table 1 - Financial Highlights
 (dollars in thousands, except per share data)20252024
Second Quarter
2025 - 2024 Change
For the Six Months Ended June 30,YTD Change
Second Quarter
First Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Third Quarter
Second Quarter
20252024
INCOME SUMMARY 
Interest revenue$347,365 $335,357 $344,962 $349,086 $346,965 $682,722 $683,693 
Interest expense121,834 123,336 134,629 139,900 138,265 245,170 275,844 
Net interest revenue225,531 212,021 210,333 209,186 208,700 %437,552 407,849 %
Noninterest income34,708 35,656 40,522 8,091 36,556 (5)70,364 76,143 (8)
Total revenue260,239 247,677 250,855 217,277 245,256 507,916 483,992 
Provision for credit losses11,818 15,419 11,389 14,428 12,235 (3)27,237 25,134 
Noninterest expense147,919 141,099 143,056 143,065 147,044 289,018 292,046 (1)
Income before income tax expense100,502 91,159 96,410 59,784 85,977 17 191,661 166,812 15 
Income tax expense21,769 19,746 20,606 12,437 19,362 12 41,515 37,566 11 
Net income78,733 71,413 75,804 47,347 66,615 18 150,146 129,246 16 
Non-operating items4,833 1,297 2,203 29,385 6,493 n/m6,130 8,680 n/m
Income tax benefit of non-operating items(1,047)(281)(471)(6,276)(1,462)n/m(1,328)(1,955)n/m
Net income - operating (1)
$82,519 $72,429 $77,536 $70,456 $71,646 15 $154,948 $135,971 14 
PERFORMANCE MEASURES
Per common share:
Diluted net income - GAAP$0.63 $0.58 $0.61 $0.38 $0.54 17 $1.21 $1.05 15 
Diluted net income - operating (1)
0.66 0.59 0.63 0.57 0.58 14 1.25 1.10 14 
Cash dividends declared0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.48 0.46 
Book value28.89 28.42 27.87 27.68 27.18 28.89 27.18 
Tangible book value (3)
21.00 20.58 20.00 19.66 19.13 10 21.00 19.13 10 
Key performance ratios:
Return on common equity - GAAP (2)(4)
8.45 %7.89 %8.40 %5.20 %7.53 %8.18 %7.34 %
Return on common equity - operating (1)(2)(4)
8.87 8.01 8.60 7.82 8.12 8.45 7.73 
Return on tangible common equity - operating (1)(2)(3)(4)
12.34 11.21 12.12 11.17 11.68 11.78 11.18 
Return on assets - GAAP (4)
1.11 1.02 1.06 0.67 0.97 1.06 0.94 
Return on assets - operating (1)(4)
1.16 1.04 1.08 1.01 1.04 1.10 0.99 
Net interest margin (FTE) (4)
3.50 3.36 3.26 3.33 3.37 3.43 3.28 
Efficiency ratio - GAAP56.69 56.74 56.05 65.51 59.70 56.71 60.08 
Efficiency ratio - operating (1)
54.84 56.22 55.18 57.37 57.06 55.51 58.08 
Equity to total assets12.86 12.56 12.38 12.45 12.35 12.86 12.35 
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (3)
9.45 9.18 8.97 8.93 8.78 9.45 8.78 
ASSET QUALITY
NPAs$83,959 $93,290 $115,635 $114,960 $116,722 (28)$83,959 $116,722 (28)
ACL - loans216,500 211,974 206,998 205,290 213,022 216,500 213,022 
Net charge-offs8,225 9,607 9,517 23,651 11,614 n/m17,832 24,522 n/m
ACL - loans to loans1.14 %1.15 %1.14 %1.14 %1.17 %1.14 %1.17 %
Net charge-offs to average loans (4)
0.18 0.21 0.21 0.52 0.26 0.20 0.27 
NPAs to total assets0.30 0.33 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.30 0.43 
AT PERIOD END ($ in millions)
Loans$18,921 $18,425 $18,176 $17,964 $18,211 $18,921 $18,211 
Investment securities6,382 6,661 6,804 6,425 6,038 6,382 6,038 
Total assets28,086 27,874 27,720 27,373 27,057 28,086 27,057 
Deposits23,963 23,762 23,461 23,253 22,982 23,963 22,982 
Shareholders’ equity3,613 3,501 3,432 3,407 3,343 3,613 3,343 
Common shares outstanding (thousands)121,431 119,514 119,364 119,283 119,175 121,431 119,175 
(1) Excludes non-operating items as detailed on Non-GAAP Performance Measures Reconciliation on next page. (2) Net income less preferred stock dividends, divided by average realized common equity, which excludes AOCI. (3) Excludes effect of acquisition related intangibles and associated amortization. (4) Annualized.
37


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Table 1 (Continued) - Financial Highlights
Non-GAAP Performance Measures Reconciliation
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
20252024For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Second Quarter
First Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Third Quarter
Second Quarter
20252024
Noninterest income reconciliation
Noninterest income (GAAP)$34,708$35,656$40,522$8,091$36,556$70,364$76,143
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans27,209
Gain on lease termination(2,400)
Noninterest income - operating$34,708$35,656$40,522$35,300$36,556$70,364$73,743
Noninterest expense reconciliation     
Noninterest expense (GAAP)$147,919$141,099$143,056$143,065$147,044$289,018$292,046
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment)(5,100)(5,100)
FDIC special assessment764(1,736)
Merger-related and other charges(4,833)(1,297)(2,203)(2,176)(2,157)(6,130)(4,244)
Noninterest expense - operating$143,086$139,802$140,853$140,889$140,551$282,888$280,966
Net income to operating income reconciliation
Net income (GAAP)$78,733$71,413$75,804$47,347$66,615$150,146$129,246
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans27,209
Gain on lease termination(2,400)
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment)5,1005,100
FDIC special assessment(764)1,736
Merger-related and other charges4,8331,2972,2032,1762,1576,1304,244
Income tax benefit of non-operating items(1,047)(281)(471)(6,276)(1,462)(1,328)(1,955)
Net income - operating$82,519$72,429$77,536$70,456$71,646$154,948$135,971
Diluted income per common share reconciliation
Diluted income per common share (GAAP)$0.63$0.58$0.61$0.38$0.54$1.21$1.05
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans0.18
Gain on lease termination(0.02)
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment)0.030.03
FDIC special assessment0.02
Merger-related and other charges0.030.010.020.010.010.040.02
Diluted income per common share - operating$0.66$0.59$0.63$0.57$0.58$1.25$1.10
Book value per common share reconciliation
Book value per common share (GAAP)$28.89$28.42$27.87$27.68$27.18$28.89$27.18
Effect of goodwill and other intangibles(7.89)(7.84)(7.87)(8.02)(8.05)(7.89)(8.05)
Tangible book value per common share$21.00$20.58$20.00$19.66$19.13$21.00$19.13
Return on tangible common equity reconciliation
Return on common equity (GAAP)8.45 %7.89 %8.40 %5.20 %7.53 %8.18 %7.34 %
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans— — — 2.43 — — — 
Gain on lease termination— — — — — — (0.11)
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment)— — — — 0.46 — 0.23 
FDIC special assessment— — — — (0.07)— 0.08 
Merger-related and other charges0.42 0.12 0.20 0.19 0.20 0.27 0.19 
Return on common equity - operating8.87 8.01 8.60 7.82 8.12 8.45 7.73 
Effect of goodwill and other intangibles3.47 3.20 3.52 3.35 3.56 3.33 3.45 
Return on tangible common equity - operating12.34 %11.21 %12.12 %11.17 %11.68 %11.78 %11.18 %
38


UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
Table 1 (Continued) - Financial Highlights
Non-GAAP Performance Measures Reconciliation
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
20252024For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Second Quarter
First Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Third Quarter
Second Quarter
20252024
Return on assets reconciliation
Return on assets (GAAP)1.11 %1.02 %1.06 %0.67 %0.97 %1.06 %0.94 %
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans— — — 0.31 — — — 
Gain on lease termination— — — — — — (0.01)
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment)— — — — 0.06 — 0.03 
FDIC special assessment— — — — (0.01)— 0.01 
Merger-related and other charges0.05 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.02 
Return on assets - operating1.16 %1.04 %1.08 %1.01 %1.04 %1.10 %0.99 %
Efficiency ratio reconciliation
Efficiency ratio (GAAP)56.69 %56.74 %56.05 %65.51 %59.70 %56.71 %60.08 %
Loss on sale of manufactured housing loans— — — (7.15)— — — 
Gain on lease termination— — — — — — 0.29 
Loss on FinTrust (goodwill impairment)— — — — (2.07)— (1.05)
FDIC special assessment— — — — 0.31 — (0.36)
Merger-related and other charges(1.85)(0.52)(0.87)(0.99)(0.88)(1.20)(0.88)
Efficiency ratio - operating54.84 %56.22 %55.18 %57.37 %57.06 %55.51 %58.08 %
Tangible common equity to tangible assets reconciliation
Equity to total assets (GAAP)12.86 %12.56 %12.38 %12.45 %12.35 %12.86 %12.35 %
Effect of goodwill and other intangibles(3.10)(3.06)(3.09)(3.20)(3.24)(3.10)(3.24)
Effect of preferred equity(0.31)(0.32)(0.32)(0.32)(0.33)(0.31)(0.33)
Tangible common equity to tangible assets9.45 %9.18 %8.97 %8.93 %8.78 %9.45 %8.78 %

Net Interest Revenue

For the quarter:

FTE net interest revenue for the second quarter of 2025 was $227 million, an increase of $16.8 million from the same period in 2024. Net interest-rate spread and net interest margin were 2.62% and 3.50%, respectively, which were up 30 basis points and 13 basis points, respectively, compared to the second quarter of 2024. The interest rate changes during the past year included cuts of 100 basis points in the federal funds rate, which drove decreases in funding costs, and to a lesser extent, loan yields.

For the six months ended:

FTE net interest revenue for the first six months of 2025 and 2024 was $440 million and $410 million, respectively. During the first six months of 2025, our net interest spread increased 31 basis points and our net interest margin increased by 15 basis points compared to the same period of 2024. Changes in net interest revenue and related metrics for the six months ended 2025 were a result of the same factors affecting the quarter.

39


Table 2 - Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands, (FTE))
 20252024
Average BalanceInterestAverage RateAverage BalanceInterestAverage Rate
Assets:      
Interest-earning assets:      
Loans, net of unearned income (FTE) (1)(2)
$18,664,228 $288,023 6.19 %$18,213,384 $291,378 6.43 %
Taxable securities (3)
6,492,288 54,191 3.34 5,952,414 48,364 3.25 
Tax-exempt securities (FTE) (1)(3)
354,162 2,236 2.53 363,393 2,273 2.50 
Federal funds sold and other interest-earning assets451,953 3,898 3.46 499,565 6,011 4.84 
Total interest-earning assets (FTE)25,962,631 348,348 5.38 25,028,756 348,026 5.59 
Noninterest-earning assets:
Allowance for credit losses(220,059)(215,104)
Cash and due from banks203,909 204,792 
Premises and equipment398,241 392,325 
Other assets (3)
1,637,125 1,605,558 
Total assets$27,981,847 $27,016,327 
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits:
NOW and interest-bearing demand$6,051,489 36,956 2.45 $5,866,038 43,910 3.01 
Money market6,645,336 49,603 2.99 6,068,530 53,531 3.55 
Savings1,195,295 1,457 0.49 1,160,708 687 0.24 
Time3,532,848 30,596 3.47 3,544,327 35,695 4.05 
Brokered time deposits50,488 524 4.16 50,323 639 5.11 
Total interest-bearing deposits17,475,456 119,136 2.73 16,689,926 134,462 3.24 
Federal funds purchased and other borrowings7,412 83 4.49 4,093 60 5.90 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances— — — — — — 
Long-term debt237,992 2,615 4.41 324,870 3,743 4.63 
Total borrowed funds245,404 2,698 4.41 328,963 3,803 4.65 
Total interest-bearing liabilities17,720,860 121,834 2.76 17,018,889 138,265 3.27 
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits6,351,540 6,283,487 
Other liabilities346,643 400,974 
Total liabilities24,419,043 23,703,350 
Shareholders' equity3,562,804 3,312,977 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$27,981,847 $27,016,327 
Net interest revenue (FTE) $226,514 $209,761 
Net interest-rate spread (FTE)  2.62 %2.32 %
Net interest margin (FTE) (4)
  3.50 %3.37 %
 
(1)Interest revenue on tax-exempt securities and loans includes a taxable-equivalent adjustment to reflect comparable interest on taxable securities and loans. The FTE adjustment totaled $983,000 and $1.06 million, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The tax rate used to calculate the adjustment was 25%, reflecting the statutory federal income tax rate and the federal tax adjusted state income tax rate.
(2)Included in the average balance of loans outstanding are loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued and loans that are held for sale.
(3)Unrealized losses on AFS securities, including those related to the transfer from AFS to HTM, have been reclassified to other assets. Pretax unrealized losses of $240 million in 2025 and $344 million in 2024 are included in other assets for purposes of this presentation.
(4)Net interest margin is taxable equivalent net interest revenue divided by average interest-earning assets.
40


Table 3 - Average Consolidated Balance Sheets and Net Interest Analysis
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands, (FTE))
 20252024
Average BalanceInterestAverage RateAverage BalanceInterestAverage Rate
Assets:      
Interest-earning assets:      
Loans, net of unearned income (FTE) (1)(2)
$18,440,110 $561,953 6.15 %$18,256,562 $575,338 6.34 %
Taxable securities (3)
6,614,294 111,363 3.37 5,890,408 93,079 3.16 
Tax-exempt securities (FTE) (1)(3)
355,430 4,481 2.52 364,873 4,584 2.51 
Federal funds sold and other interest-earning assets426,415 6,899 3.26 587,080 12,816 4.39 
Total interest-earning assets (FTE)25,836,249 684,696 5.34 25,098,923 685,817 5.49 
Non-interest-earning assets:
Allowance for loan losses(215,141)(214,050)
Cash and due from banks211,681 212,998 
Premises and equipment397,347 389,173 
Other assets (3)
1,623,689 1,611,928 
Total assets$27,853,825 $27,098,972 
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits:
NOW and interest-bearing demand$6,092,519 74,346 2.46 $5,972,065 90,121 3.03 
Money market6,614,819 99,144 3.02 5,966,374 104,009 3.51 
Savings1,146,075 2,081 0.37 1,176,768 1,393 0.24 
Time3,489,687 61,427 3.55 3,570,407 71,639 4.03 
Brokered time deposits50,468 1,072 4.28 50,333 1,084 4.33 
Total interest-bearing deposits17,393,568 238,070 2.76 16,735,947 268,246 3.22 
Federal funds purchased and other borrowings43,883 1,190 5.47 2,054 60 5.87 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances19,343 433 4.51 — — 
Long-term debt246,061 5,477 4.49 324,854 7,538 4.67 
Total borrowed funds309,287 7,100 4.63 326,910 7,598 4.67 
Total interest-bearing liabilities17,702,855 245,170 2.79 17,062,857 275,844 3.25 
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits6,273,313 6,340,783 
Other liabilities358,227 395,713 
Total liabilities24,334,395 23,799,353 
Shareholders' equity3,519,430 3,299,619 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$27,853,825 $27,098,972 
Net interest revenue (FTE)$439,526 $409,973 
Net interest-rate spread (FTE)2.55 %2.24 %
Net interest margin (FTE) (4)
3.43 %3.28 %
 
(1)Interest revenue on tax-exempt securities and loans includes a taxable-equivalent adjustment to reflect comparable interest on taxable securities and loans. The FTE adjustment totaled $1.97 million and $2.12 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The tax rate used to calculate the adjustment was 25%, reflecting the statutory federal income tax rate and the federal tax adjusted state income tax rate.
(2)Included in the average balance of loans outstanding are loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued and loans that are held for sale.
(3)Unrealized gains and losses on AFS securities, including those related to the transfer from AFS to HTM, have been reclassified to other assets. Pretax unrealized losses of $254 million and $333 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively, are included in other assets for purposes of this presentation.
(4)Net interest margin is taxable equivalent net-interest revenue divided by average interest-earning assets.
41


Noninterest Income
 
The following table presents the components of noninterest income for the periods indicated.
Table 4 - Noninterest Income
(dollars in thousands)
 Three Months Ended
June 30,
ChangeSix Months Ended
June 30,
Change
 20252024AmountPercent20252024AmountPercent
Service charges and fees:
Overdraft fees$3,294 $3,374 $(80)(2)%$6,321 $6,374 $(53)(1)%
ATM and debit card fees3,979 3,939 40 7,755 7,444 311 
Other service charges and fees2,849 3,307 (458)(14)5,581 6,066 (485)(8)
Total service charges and fees10,122 10,620 (498)(5)19,657 19,884 (227)(1)
Mortgage loan gains and related fees5,370 6,799 (1,429)(21)11,492 14,310 (2,818)(20)
Wealth management fees4,400 6,386 (1,986)(31)8,865 12,699 (3,834)(30)
Gains on sales of other loans1,995 1,296 699 54 3,391 2,833 558 20 
Lending and loan servicing fees3,690 3,328 362 11 7,855 7,538 317 
Securities gains, net286 — 286 n/m292 — 292 n/m
Other noninterest income:
Customer derivative fees905 199 706 n/m2,157 438 1,719 n/m
Other investment income(333)1,845 (2,178)n/m71 2,948 (2,877)n/m
BOLI2,026 1,909 117 4,135 4,804 (669)(14)
Treasury management income1,975 1,691 284 17 3,958 3,188 770 24 
Other4,272 2,483 1,789 72 8,491 7,501 990 13 
Total other noninterest income8,845 8,127 718 18,812 18,879 (67)— 
Total noninterest income$34,708 $36,556 $(1,848)(5)$70,364 $76,143 $(5,779)(8)

The decrease in mortgage loan gains and related fees for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods of 2024 was primarily a result of negative fair value adjustments to our mortgage servicing asset which were less favorable by $1.40 million and $2.98 million, respectively, compared to the fair value adjustments for the comparable periods of 2024. This decrease was partially offset by higher gains on mortgage sales and rate lock volume. The following table provides additional mortgage metrics for the periods indicated.

Table 5 - Mortgage Loan Metrics
(dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended
June 30,
Six Months Ended
June 30,
20252024% Change20252024% Change
Mortgage rate locks$359,348 $294,935 22 %$689,838 $554,512 24 %
Mortgage loans sold$175,256 $144,651 21 $316,161 $270,590 17 
Mortgage loans originated:
Purchases$251,504 $191,060 32 $414,867 $339,285 22 
Refinances33,526 23,791 41 57,395 46,551 23 
Total$285,030 $214,851 33 $472,262 $385,836 22 

The decrease in wealth management fees reflects the decrease in assets under management and advisement as a result of the FinTrust sale in the fourth quarter of 2024. Assets under management and advisement totaled $3.29 billion and $5.30 billion at June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

42


Customer derivative fees for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 were up due to stronger loan growth and increased product demand, attributable to the lower rates compared to the same periods of 2024.

The decrease in other investment income was primarily driven by weaker market conditions for the 2025 reporting periods, particularly related to our mutual fund and fintech investments.

The increase in other noninterest income was largely driven by a positive change in collateral charges related to derivative positions.

Provision for Credit Losses

We recorded a provision for credit losses of $11.8 million and $27.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $12.2 million and $25.1 million for the same periods of 2024. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the provision for credit losses included the initial provision for ANB’s non-PCD loans and unfunded commitments of $2.49 million. Additional discussion on credit quality and the ACL is included in the “Asset Quality and Risk Elements” section of MD&A in this Report.

Noninterest Expense

The following table presents the components of noninterest expense for the periods indicated.

Table 6 - Noninterest Expense
(dollars in thousands)
 Three Months Ended
June 30,
ChangeSix Months Ended
June 30,
Change
 20252024AmountPercent20252024AmountPercent
Salaries and employee benefits$86,997 $85,818 $1,179 %$171,264 $170,803 $461 — %
Communications and equipment13,332 11,988 1,344 11 27,031 23,908 3,123 13 
Occupancy10,935 11,056 (121)(1)21,864 22,155 (291)(1)
Advertising and public relations2,881 2,459 422 17 4,762 4,360 402 
Postage, printing and supplies2,495 2,251 244 11 5,056 4,899 157 
Professional fees5,609 6,044 (435)(7)11,540 12,032 (492)(4)
Lending and loan servicing expense2,330 2,014 316 16 4,317 3,841 476 12 
Outside services - electronic banking3,570 2,812 758 27 6,333 5,730 603 11 
FDIC assessments and other regulatory charges4,745 4,467 278 9,387 12,033 (2,646)(22)
Amortization of intangibles3,292 3,794 (502)(13)6,578 7,681 (1,103)(14)
Merger-related and other charges4,833 2,157 2,676 n/m6,130 4,244 1,886 n/m
Other6,900 12,184 (5,284)(43)14,756 20,360 (5,604)(28)
Total noninterest expense$147,919 $147,044 $875 $289,018 $292,046 $(3,028)(1)

Communications and equipment expense for the second quarter and first half of 2025 compared to the same periods of 2024 increased primarily due to new software contracts and incremental software contract costs on existing contracts, including volume based increases.

The increase in outside services - electronic banking reflects both volume-based cost increases and enhancements to our digital banking solutions.

FDIC assessments and other regulatory charges decreased for the first six months of 2025 as the comparative period of 2024 included $1.74 million of FDIC special assessment accrued expense.

The decrease in amortization of intangibles was primarily driven by the natural decline in amortization expense of our core deposit intangibles over time. This decrease was partially offset by ANB core deposit intangible amortization expense starting in May 2025.

The increase in merger-related and other charges for the second quarter and first half of 2025 was primarily driven by ANB merger-related costs.

43


Other noninterest expense for the three and six months ended 2025 was down compared to the same periods of last year as 2024 included a goodwill write-down of $5.10 million related to the sale of FinTrust.

Income Tax Expense

The following table presents income tax expense and the effective tax rate for the periods indicated.

Table 7 - Income Tax Expense
(dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended
June 30,
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2025202420252024
Income before income taxes$100,502 $85,977 $191,661 $166,812 
Income tax expense21,769 19,362 41,515 37,566 
Effective tax rate21.7 %22.5 %21.7 %22.5 %

Balance Sheet Review
 
Total assets at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were $28.1 billion and $27.7 billion, respectively. Total liabilities at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were $24.5 billion and $24.3 billion, respectively. Shareholders’ equity totaled $3.61 billion and $3.43 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Loans

Our loan portfolio is our largest category of interest-earning assets. The following table presents the loan portfolio and the allocation of the ACL by loan type for the periods indicated.

Table 8 - Loan Portfolio Composition and ACL Allocation
(dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Loans% of portfolioACLACL to LoansLoans% of portfolioACLACL to Loans
Owner occupied CRE$3,563,126 19 %$20,967 0.59 %$3,398,217 19 %$19,873 0.58 %
Income producing CRE4,548,235 24 49,072 1.08 4,360,920 24 41,427 0.95 
Commercial & industrial2,515,360 13 38,693 1.54 2,428,376 13 35,441 1.46 
Commercial construction1,751,850 10 15,979 0.91 1,655,710 16,370 0.99 
Equipment financing1,777,936 47,900 2.69 1,662,501 47,415 2.85 
Total commercial14,156,507 75 172,611 1.22 13,505,724 74 160,526 1.19 
Residential mortgage3,210,430 17 30,217 0.94 3,231,479 18 32,259 1.00 
Home equity1,180,455 10,812 0.92 1,064,874 11,247 1.06 
Residential construction173,829 1,812 1.04 178,405 1,672 0.94 
Manufactured housing (2)
— — — — 1,723 — 450 26.12 
Consumer190,958 1,048 0.55 186,448 844 0.45 
Total (1)
$18,912,179 $216,500 1.14 $18,168,653 $206,998 1.14 
(1) Loans presented exclude fair value hedge basis adjustments.
(2) In 2025, manufactured housing loans were included in consumer loans.
44


The following table provides a disaggregation of our income producing CRE portfolio as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Table 9 - CRE - Income Producing Portfolio Composition
(dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2025December 31, 2024

Total
% of loans in category
Total
% of loans in category
Retail$865,274 19 %$765,987 18 %
Office823,711 18 792,449 18 
Multifamily590,291 13 633,296 15 
Warehouse544,620 12 502,586 11 
Other517,332 11 475,898 11 
Hotel501,473 11 467,139 11 
Rental 1-4 Family327,484 326,286 
Senior Care219,986 259,056 
Self Storage158,064 138,223 
Total
$4,548,235 100 %$4,360,920 100 %

Asset Quality and Risk Elements
 
We manage asset quality and control credit risk through review and oversight of the loan portfolio as well as adherence to policies designed to promote sound underwriting and loan monitoring practices. Our credit risk management function is responsible for monitoring asset quality and Board approved portfolio concentration limits, establishing credit policies and procedures and enforcing the consistent application of these policies and procedures.
 
The ACL reflects our assessment of the life of loan expected credit losses in the loan portfolio and unfunded loan commitments. This assessment involves uncertainty and judgment and is subject to change in future periods. See the Critical Accounting Estimates section of MD&A in our 2024 10-K for additional information on the ACL.

The ACL for loans at June 30, 2025 totaled $217 million compared to $207 million at December 31, 2024. The ACL for loans as a percentage of total loans remained flat at 1.14%. The increase in the ACL was primarily attributable to loan growth and the initial allowance established for ANB, partially offset by a reduction in the Hurricane Helene related allowance based on our latest assessment of potential storm related-loan losses. The initial ACL for ANB loans totaled $3.65 million, $1.25 million of which was reclassified from the fair value of PCD loans with no impact to earnings. The Hurricane Helene related reserve totaled $4.42 million and $9.80 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Our ACL for unfunded commitments, which totaled $11.5 million, increased $1.15 million compared to December 31, 2024 mostly due to an increase in our construction commitments.
45


The following table provides a summary of net charge-offs to average loans for the periods indicated.
Table 10 - Net Charge-offs to Average Loans
(dollars in thousands)
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2025202420252024
Net charge-offs (recoveries)
Owner occupied CRE$470$163$596$365
Income producing CRE9332,9681,6513,173
Commercial & industrial1,0271,2813,4745,187
Commercial construction89(48)(49)(28)
Equipment financing4,9635,50210,00511,864
Residential mortgage313(107)312(123)
Home equity(72)(27)(134)(81)
Residential construction(9)26210145
Manufactured housing1,1502,719
Consumer5117061,7671,301
Total net charge-offs$8,225$11,614$17,832$24,522
Average loans
Owner occupied CRE$3,492,599$3,288,757$3,438,970$3,283,715
Income producing CRE4,488,1864,113,7434,451,3734,168,985
Commercial & industrial2,507,8912,341,2532,479,0552,371,413
Commercial construction1,744,5111,966,0531,701,8881,929,485
Equipment financing1,723,3601,555,6411,689,1911,547,562
Residential mortgage3,214,7763,238,2253,219,6523,224,620
Home equity1,134,274972,6301,100,224967,075
Residential construction174,030233,317175,716256,031
Manufactured housing322,998327,220
Consumer184,601180,767184,041180,456
Total average loans$18,664,228$18,213,384$18,440,110$18,256,562
Net charge-offs to average loans (1)
Owner occupied CRE0.05 %0.02 %0.03 %0.02 %
Income producing CRE0.08 0.29 0.07 0.15 
Commercial & industrial0.16 0.22 0.28 0.44 
Commercial construction0.02 (0.01)(0.01)— 
Equipment financing1.16 1.42 1.19 1.54 
Residential mortgage0.04 (0.01)0.02 (0.01)
Home equity(0.03)(0.01)(0.02)(0.02)
Residential construction(0.02)0.04 0.24 0.11 
Manufactured housing— 1.43 — 1.67 
Consumer1.11 1.57 1.94 1.45 
Total0.18 0.26 0.20 0.27 
(1) Annualized.

We completed the sale of substantially all of our manufactured housing loan portfolio in the third quarter of 2024. For the second quarter and first six months of 2025, the average balance and net charge-offs related to the remaining manufactured housing loans are reflected in consumer loans. Equipment finance charge-offs for the three months ended June 30, 2025 decreased compared to the same period in 2024 due to lower long-haul trucking related losses.
46


Nonperforming Assets

The table below summarizes NPAs for the periods indicated. NPAs include nonaccrual loans, OREO and repossessed assets. The decrease in NPAs since December 31, 2024 was primarily driven by $49.6 million in payoffs and paydowns of nonaccrual loans. Notably, we had two payoffs of senior care loans (included in income producing CRE) totaling $14.6 million and significant paydowns and payoffs for three larger relationships totaling $17.8 million included in commercial and industrial and owner occupied CRE loans.

Table 11 - NPAs
(dollars in thousands)
June 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
$ Change
Nonaccrual loans:
Owner occupied CRE$8,207 $11,674 $(3,467)
Income producing CRE14,624 25,357 (10,733)
Commercial & industrial15,422 29,339 (13,917)
Commercial construction1,368 7,400 (6,032)
Equipment financing11,731 8,925 2,806 
Total commercial51,352 82,695 (31,343)
Residential mortgage22,597 24,615 (2,018)
Home equity4,093 4,630 (537)
Residential construction1,203 57 1,146 
Manufactured housing (1)
— 1,444 (1,444)
Consumer1,207 138 1,069 
Total
80,452 113,579 (33,127)
OREO and repossessed assets3,507 2,056 1,451 
Total NPAs$83,959 $115,635 $(31,676)
Nonaccrual loans as a percentage of total loans0.43 %0.62 %
NPAs as a percentage of total assets0.30 0.42 
ACL - loans to nonaccrual loans coverage ratio2.691.82
(1) In 2025, manufactured housing loans were included in consumer loans.

Investment Securities

The composition of the investment securities portfolio reflects our investment strategy of maintaining an appropriate level of liquidity while providing a relatively stable source of revenue. The investment securities portfolio also provides a balance to interest rate risk and credit risk in other categories of the balance sheet while providing a vehicle for the investment of available funds, furnishing liquidity, and supplying securities to pledge as required collateral for certain deposits and borrowings. The table below summarizes the carrying value of our securities portfolio and other relevant portfolio metrics including weighted-average life and effective duration as of the dates presented. Effective duration represents the expected change in the price of a security when rates change by 100 basis points.
47



Table 12 - Investment Securities
(dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Carrying Value
% of portfolio
Carrying Value
% of portfolio
$ Change
AFS
$4,075,323 64 %$4,436,291 65 %$(360,968)
HTM
2,306,730 36 2,368,107 35 (61,377)
   Total investment securities
$6,382,053 $6,804,398 $(422,345)
Investment securities as a % of total assets
23 %25 %
Weighted average life
5.7 years5.7 years
Swap adjusted effective duration
3.7 %3.5 %
Effective duration
4.0 3.9 
We utilize fair value hedges on a portion of our AFS securities portfolio in order to mitigate the impact of potential future unrealized losses on our tangible common equity. Gains and losses related to the hedge and hedged item are reflected in investment securities interest income. The changes in the fair value of the hedge and the hedged item substantially offset each other. See Note 6 to the financial statements for further detail.
At June 30, 2025, HTM debt securities had a fair value of $1.94 billion, indicating net unrealized losses of $371 million (pre-tax). Additional unrealized losses on HTM debt securities of $55.5 million (pre-tax) were included in AOCI as a result of the transfer of AFS debt securities to HTM in 2022. Unrealized losses were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates.
See Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements for additional detail.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, goodwill and other intangibles totaled $974 million and $957 million, respectively. In connection with the acquisition of ANB in the second quarter of 2025, we recorded goodwill and a core deposit intangible of $18.0 million and $6.29 million, respectively. See Notes 3 and 7 to the financial statements for further information.

Deposits

Customer deposits are the primary source of funds for the continued growth of our earning assets. We believe our high level of service, as evidenced by our strong customer satisfaction scores, is instrumental in attracting and retaining customer deposit accounts, which has continued to contribute to our organic deposit growth. Since December 31, 2024, customer deposits increased $514 million, which includes deposits of $374 million acquired in the ANB transaction as of the acquisition date. As of June 30, 2025, we had approximately $9.64 billion of uninsured deposits, of which $2.81 billion was collateralized by investment securities.

Table 13 - Deposits
(dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Balance
% of TotalBalance% of Total
Noninterest-bearing demand$6,381,975 26 %$6,211,182 26 %
NOW and interest-bearing demand5,986,049 25 6,141,342 26 
Money market and savings7,832,527 33 7,498,735 32 
Time3,606,511 15 3,441,424 15 
Total customer deposits23,807,062 99 23,292,683 99 
Brokered deposits155,950 168,292 
Total deposits$23,963,012 $23,460,975 

48


Borrowing Activities

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had long-term debt outstanding of $155 million and $254 million, respectively, which includes senior debentures, subordinated debentures, and trust preferred securities. During the second quarter of 2025, we redeemed our $100 million 2030 senior debentures. At June 30, 2025 there were no short-term borrowings outstanding. At December 31, 2024, there were $195 million in short-term borrowings outstanding. The need to utilize wholesale funding sources has decreased because our liquidity needs have been met by our deposit and cash balances.

Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
There have not been any material changes to our contractual obligations and off-balance sheet arrangements since December 31, 2024.
 
Interest Rate Sensitivity Management

Interest rate sensitivity is a function of the repricing characteristics of the portfolio of assets and liabilities. Repricing characteristics are the time frames within which the interest rates on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are subject to change either at replacement, repricing or maturity.

Management uses an asset/liability simulation model to measure the potential change in net interest revenue over time using multiple interest rate scenarios. Our modeling is based on the 12-month impact on net interest revenue simulations with various interest rate shocks and ramps, which are compared to a base scenario that assumes rates remain unchanged. In the shock scenarios, rates immediately change the full amount at the scenario onset. In the ramp scenarios, rates change by 25 basis points per month until they reach the predetermined levels.

The following table presents our interest sensitivity position at the dates indicated. The scenario results presented assume parallel movements in the yield curve, which may differ from actual future curve behavior. Other than an assumption for the runoff of estimated surge deposits, which is assumed to be replaced with higher cost wholesale funding, this presentation generally assumes no change in deposit portfolio size or composition.

Table 14 - Interest Sensitivity
 Increase (Decrease) in Net Interest Revenue from Base Scenario at
 June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Change in RatesShockRampShockRamp
200 basis point increase3.59 %1.62 %2.01 %0.92 %
100 basis point increase1.97 1.18 1.19 0.66 
100 basis point decrease(3.02)(1.94)(2.27)(1.46)
200 basis point decrease(7.22)(3.08)(6.00)(2.38)

The change in results from December 31, 2024 to June 30, 2025 reflects more floating interest rate loans and a slight shortening of asset duration to address rising interest rate risk concerns. In addition, the balance sheet became slightly more asset sensitive at June 30, 2025 due to higher cash balances on hand at quarter-end.

Liquidity Management
The Bank’s main source of liquidity is customer interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposit accounts. Liquidity is also available from wholesale funding sources consisting primarily of repurchase agreements, Federal funds purchased, FHLB advances, and brokered deposits. These sources of liquidity are generally short-term in nature and are used as necessary to fund asset growth and meet other short-term liquidity needs. As part of our liquidity management, we focus on maximizing the amount of securities and loans available as collateral for contingent liquidity sources and calibrating our assumptions in our liquidity stress test on an ongoing basis, particularly as it relates to deposit duration. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had sufficient liquid funds and qualifying collateral to support additional borrowings, which are detailed in the table below.
49


Table 15 - Liquid Funds and Unused Borrowing Capacity
(in thousands)
June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Available liquid funds:
Cash and cash equivalents$574,956 $519,873 
Availability of borrowings (1):
FHLB1,921,234 1,917,905 
Federal Reserve - Discount Window2,395,442 2,267,139 
Unpledged securities available as collateral for additional borrowings3,571,790 3,603,885 
(1) Based on collateral pledged.

In addition, because the Holding Company is a separate entity and apart from the Bank, it must provide for its own liquidity. The Holding Company is responsible for the payment of dividends declared for its common and preferred shareholders, and interest and principal on any outstanding debt or trust preferred securities. The Holding Company currently has sufficient liquid assets to meet these obligations. Holding Company liquidity is maintained at a level of at least 125% of the next 12 months of forecasted cash obligations.
In the opinion of management, our liquidity position at June 30, 2025 was sufficient to meet our expected cash flow requirements for the foreseeable future. See the consolidated statement of cash flows for further detail.

Capital Resources and Dividends
 
Shareholders’ equity at June 30, 2025 was $3.61 billion, an increase of $181 million from December 31, 2024 primarily due to year-to-date earnings, other comprehensive income and the issuance of stock for the ANB acquisition, partially offset by dividends declared on common and preferred stock.

The following table shows capital ratios, as calculated under applicable regulatory guidelines, at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, capital levels remained characterized as “well-capitalized” under regulatory requirements in effect at the time. Additional information related to capital ratios is provided in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements.

Table 16 - Capital Ratios
United Community Banks, Inc.
(Consolidated)
United Community Bank
MinimumWell-
Capitalized
Minimum Capital Plus Capital Conservation BufferJune 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
June 30,
2025
December 31,
2024
Risk-based ratios:
CET1 capital4.5 %6.5 %7.0 %13.34 %13.27 %12.60 %13.05 %
Tier 1 capital6.0 8.0 8.5 13.77 13.72 12.60 13.05 
Total capital8.0 10.0 10.5 15.14 15.17 13.66 14.08 
Leverage ratio4.0 5.0 N/A10.37 9.96 9.48 9.46 
50



The following table shows capital composition as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Table 17 - Capital Composition under Basel III
(in thousands)
United Community Banks, Inc. (Consolidated)
United Community Bank

June 30, 2025December 31, 2024June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Total common shareholders' equity$3,524,658 $3,343,861 $3,358,442 $3,282,263 
CECL transitional amount— 3,334 — 3,334 
Goodwill(925,119)(907,090)(925,119)(907,090)
Intangibles, other than goodwill and mortgage servicing rights, net of associated DTLs(41,937)(42,334)(41,937)(42,334)
DTAs arising from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(6,349)(2,554)(5,422)(1,988)
Net unrealized losses on AFS securities142,149 177,645 141,233 176,777 
Accumulated net gains on cash flow hedges(6,988)(9,705)— — 
Net unrealized losses on HTM securities that are included in AOCI42,133 45,129 42,133 45,129 
Other(124)(150)(124)(150)
CET1 capital2,728,423 2,608,136 2,569,206 2,555,941 
Preferred stock, net of issuance cost88,266 88,266 — — 
Tier 1 capital2,816,689 2,696,402 2,569,206 2,555,941 
Tier 2 capital instruments65,000 85,000 — — 
Qualifying ACL214,503 200,871 214,503 200,870 
Total capital$3,096,192 $2,982,273 $2,783,709 $2,756,811 

Effect of Inflation and Changing Prices
 
A bank’s asset and liability structure is substantially different from that of an industrial firm in that primarily all assets and liabilities of a bank are monetary in nature with relatively little investment in fixed assets or inventories. Management believes the effect of inflation on financial results depends on our ability to react to changes in interest rates, and by such reaction, reduce the inflationary effect on performance. We have an asset/liability management program to manage interest rate sensitivity. In addition, periodic reviews of banking services and products are conducted to adjust pricing in view of current and expected costs.

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
 
There have been no material changes in our market risk as of June 30, 2025 from that presented in our 2024 10-K. Our interest rate sensitivity position at June 30, 2025 is set forth in Table 14 in MD&A of this Report and incorporated herein by this reference.
 
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures

    (a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of June 30, 2025. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report.

    (b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2025 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
51


Part II. OTHER INFORMATION 

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table contains information regarding purchases of our common stock made during the quarter ended June 30, 2025 by or on behalf of United or any “affiliated purchaser,” as defined by Rule 10b-18(a)(3) of the Exchange Act:

Common Stock Repurchases
(Dollars in thousands, except for per share amounts)Total Number of Shares
Purchased
Average
Price Paid
per Share
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased Under
the Plans or Programs (1)
April 1, 2025 - April 30, 2025
343,338 $27.31 343,338 $90,622 
May 1, 2025 - May 31, 2025
163,262 27.96 163,262 86,058 
June 1, 2025 - June 30, 2025
— — — 86,058 
Total506,600 $27.52 506,600 
 
(1) Under United’s common stock repurchase program, management is authorized to repurchase up to $100 million of its common stock. The program is scheduled to expire on the earlier of the repurchase of our common stock having an aggregate purchase price of $100 million or December 31, 2025. A more detailed description of United’s common stock repurchase plan is included in its 2024 10-K.

Item 5. Other Information

(c)    On June 10, 2025, Lynn Harton, our President and Chief Executive Officer, entered into a”Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K), providing for the sale of 25,000 shares of United common stock beginning February 15, 2026 and continuing until March 16, 2026, or such earlier time as all shares covered by the trading arrangement are sold.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, no other director or officer of the Company adopted, modified or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
52


Item 6. Exhibits

(d)     Exhibits. See Exhibit Index below.

EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No. Description
3.1
Restated Articles of Incorporation of United Community Banks, Inc. as amended through August 13, 2021 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to United Community Bank Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2021, filed on November 5, 2021).
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of United Community Banks, Inc., as amended (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to United Community Banks, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2015, filed with the SEC on May 11, 2015).
31.1
 
Certification by H. Lynn Harton, President and Chief Executive Officer of United Community Banks, Inc., pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a).
31.2
 
Certification by Jefferson L. Harralson, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of United Community Banks, Inc., pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a).
32
 
Certification of CEO and CFO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101
Interactive data files for United Community Bank, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited); (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited); (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited); (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited); (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited); and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
104
The cover page from United Community Bank’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 (formatted in Inline XBRL and included in Exhibit 101)


53


Signatures
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 UNITED COMMUNITY BANKS, INC.
  
 /s/ H. Lynn Harton
 H. Lynn Harton
 President and Chief Executive Officer
 (Principal Executive Officer)
  
 /s/ Jefferson L. Harralson
 Jefferson L. Harralson
 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 (Principal Financial Officer)
  
 /s/ Alan H. Kumler
 Alan H. Kumler
 Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
 (Principal Accounting Officer)
  
 
Date: August 8, 2025
 

54

FAQ

What was UCBI's net income for the quarter ended June 30, 2025?

UCBI reported $78.7 million in net income for the three months ended June 30, 2025, up from $66.6 million a year earlier.

How did UCBI's earnings per share (EPS) change in Q2 2025?

Diluted EPS increased to $0.63 for the quarter versus $0.54 in the prior-year quarter; six-month diluted EPS rose to $1.21 from $1.05.

Did United complete any acquisitions in 2025 (UCBI)?

Yes. United acquired ANB on May 1, 2025, issuing 2,380,952 shares, recording $18.0 million goodwill and a $6.29 million core deposit intangible.

What is the size of UCBI's loan and deposit portfolios?

As of June 30, 2025, loans and leases held for investment were $18.92 billion and total deposits were $23.96 billion.

How large is UCBI's allowance for credit losses?

The allowance for credit losses related to loans was $216.5 million at June 30, 2025, with an additional allowance for unfunded commitments of $11.5 million.

What is the status of UCBI's investment securities valuation?

Unrealized losses were reported on both portfolios: AFS gross unrealized losses of $179.5 million and HTM gross unrealized losses of $371.0 million; management stated it does not intend to sell securities in an unrealized loss position.
United Community Banks Inc.

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