Investor group takes 19.9% position in Vivos Therapeutics (VVOS)

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

Investment entities V-CO Investors LLC, V-Co Investors 2, 3 and 4 LLCs, SP Manager LLC and Michael C. Skaff together report beneficial ownership of 2,783,102 Vivos Therapeutics, Inc. common shares, representing 19.9% of the class. This percentage is based on 13,894,600 shares outstanding as of May 20, 2026, plus 86,979 underlying shares counted under ownership limits.

On June 30, 2026, V-Co 4 purchased 2,749,330 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and a matching Common Stock Purchase Warrant for up to 2,749,330 shares in a $1,600,000 subscription that included conversion of a $1,100,000 Convertible Promissory Note with a $100,000 original issue discount. The preferred shares were priced at $0.582 per share; the five-year warrant is immediately exercisable at $0.456 per share but subject to a 19.99% beneficial ownership cap, so only 86,979 underlying shares are currently counted. The group states an investment purpose and anticipates engaging with Vivos on financial performance, strategic direction, operations and governance, while stating no present plans for mergers, major asset sales, board changes or other control transactions.

Key Figures

Aggregate beneficial ownership: 2,783,102 shares Ownership percentage: 19.9% Shares outstanding baseline: 13,894,600 shares +4 more

7 metrics

Aggregate beneficial ownership 2,783,102 shares Common shares of Vivos Therapeutics beneficially owned by SP Manager LLC and Michael C. Skaff

Ownership percentage 19.9% Percentage of Vivos Therapeutics common stock beneficially owned by the reporting group

Shares outstanding baseline 13,894,600 shares Vivos Therapeutics common shares outstanding as of May 20, 2026

Subscription Amount $1,600,000 Total funds used by V-Co 4 to purchase Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and warrant

Convertible Promissory Note $1,100,000 Principal amount of note converted into equity in the June 30, 2026 transaction

Series A Preferred and warrant size 2,749,330 shares Number of Series A Convertible Preferred shares and Warrant Shares purchased by V-Co 4

Beneficial ownership cap 19.99% Maximum ownership before V-Co 4 is blocked from further conversions or warrant exercises

Key Terms

beneficially own, Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, Common Stock Purchase Warrant, Pre-Funded Warrant, +1 more

5 terms

beneficially own financial

"may be deemed to beneficially own the Common Stock, par value $0.0001"

Beneficially own means having the economic rights and risks of a security—such as the right to receive dividends, sell the shares, or profit from price changes—whether or not your name appears on the official share register. Think of it like renting a car: you use it and reap the benefits even if the title lists someone else. Investors care because beneficial ownership determines who truly controls value, must be disclosed under securities rules, and can signal potential influence or trading activity that affects a stock’s price.

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock financial

"2,749,330 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock"

Series A convertible preferred stock is a class of shares sold in an early funding round that gives investors a mix of protection and upside: it pays a priority claim over common shares if the company is sold or closes, but can be converted into ordinary shares to share in future growth. Think of it like a hybrid between a safer stake and a ticket to ownership; it matters to investors because it affects who controls the company, how future gains are split, and how much their investment is protected from downside.

Common Stock Purchase Warrant financial

"a Common Stock Purchase Warrant ("Common Stock Warrant") to purchase up to 2,749,330 shares"

A common stock purchase warrant is a tradable certificate that gives its holder the right to buy a company’s common shares at a fixed price for a set period. Think of it as a coupon that lets you buy stock later at today’s agreed price; it can amplify gains if the share price rises but also can increase the total number of shares outstanding, which may reduce existing owners’ percentage of the company. Investors watch warrants because they offer leveraged upside and can affect future share value and ownership.

Pre-Funded Warrant financial

"shares of Common Stock issuable to V-Co 2 upon the exercise of certain pre-funded warrants"

A pre-funded warrant is a financial instrument that gives the holder the right to buy shares of a company's stock at a set price, with most of the purchase cost already paid upfront. It functions like a nearly fully paid option, allowing investors to secure shares quickly while minimizing the amount of additional money they need to invest later. This helps investors gain ownership rights efficiently, often used to avoid certain regulatory restrictions or to prepare for future stock purchases.

original issue discount financial

"The Convertible Promissory Note included an original issue discount of $100,000"

Original issue discount (OID) is the difference between a debt security’s face value and the lower price at which it is first sold, treated as additional interest that accrues over the life of the instrument. For investors it matters because OID raises the effective yield and changes taxable income and the holding’s cost basis over time — think of buying a $100 voucher for $90 and recognizing the $10 gain as earned interest as the voucher approaches maturity.

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Available on EDGAR 07/15/2026 - 05:07 PM Accepted by SEC EDGAR 07/15/2026 - 05:07 PM Learn about SEC filing dates

FAQ

How much of Vivos Therapeutics (VVOS) does the Skaff-affiliated group own?

The reporting group beneficially owns 2,783,102 Vivos Therapeutics common shares, or 19.9% of the class. This percentage is calculated from 13,894,600 shares outstanding as of May 20, 2026, plus 86,979 underlying shares counted under the ownership limitation.

What transaction led to the new VVOS ownership disclosure?

On June 30, 2026, V-Co 4 purchased 2,749,330 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and a Common Stock Purchase Warrant for up to 2,749,330 shares. The preferred shares were priced at $0.582 per share and the warrant is immediately exercisable at $0.456 per share.

What was the total investment amount and structure for VVOS?

The reported Subscription Amount was $1,600,000. It included conversion and full satisfaction of a $1,100,000 Convertible Promissory Note dated May 7, 2026, which carried a $100,000 original issue discount, along with additional available net assets used to fund the equity purchase.

How does the 19.99% beneficial ownership cap affect V-Co 4’s VVOS stake?

V-Co 4 cannot convert preferred shares or exercise warrants if doing so would raise its ownership above 19.99% of outstanding common stock. Because of this cap, only 86,979 underlying shares are currently treated as beneficially owned for reporting purposes.

Could the reporting group gain exposure to more VVOS shares?

Yes. Without blocker provisions, the entities may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of an additional 18,389,979 shares through warrants and convertible securities. These potential shares are currently excluded from reported ownership because exercising them would breach the 19.99% beneficial ownership limitation.

What strategic intentions did the VVOS investors describe?

The investors acquired VVOS securities for investment purposes and plan discussions with management and the board on performance, strategy, operations and governance. They expressly state no current plans for mergers, major asset sales, board changes, recapitalizations or other control-related corporate transactions.

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 13D

Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Vivos Therapeutics, Inc.

(Name of Issuer)

Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share

(Title of Class of Securities)

92859E207

(CUSIP Number)

Bradley J. Wyatt
Greenberg Traurig LLP, 2375 E Camelback Road, Suite 800
Phoenix, AZ, 85016
(602) 445-8057

(Name, Address and Telephone Number of Person Authorized to Receive Notices and Communications)

06/30/2026

(Date of Event Which Requires Filing of This Statement)

If the filing person has previously filed a statement on Schedule 13G to report the acquisition that is the subject of this Schedule 13D, and is filing this schedule because of §§ 240.13d-1(e), 240.13d-1(f) or 240.13d-1(g), check the following box.

The information required on the remainder of this cover page shall not be deemed to be "filed" for the purpose of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Act") or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section of the Act but shall be subject to all other provisions of the Act (however, see the Notes).

schemaVersion:

SCHEDULE 13D

CUSIP Number(s): 92859E207

1

Name of reporting person

V-CO Investors LLC

2

Check the appropriate box if a member of a Group (See Instructions)

(a)
(b)

3

SEC use only

4

Source of funds (See Instructions)

PF

5

Check if disclosure of legal proceedings is required pursuant to Items 2(d) or 2(e)

6

Citizenship or place of organization

WYOMING

Number of Shares Beneficially Owned by Each Reporting Person With:

7	Sole Voting Power 0.00
8	Shared Voting Power 514,498.00
9	Sole Dispositive Power 0.00
10	Shared Dispositive Power 514,498.00

11

Aggregate amount beneficially owned by each reporting person

514,498.00

12

Check if the aggregate amount in Row (11) excludes certain shares (See Instructions)

13

Percent of class represented by amount in Row (11)

3.7 %

14

Type of Reporting Person (See Instructions)

OO

Comment for Type of Reporting Person:

The percentage is calculated based upon (i) 13,894,600 shares of Common Stock as of May 20, 2026, as reported by the Issuer on its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on May 20, 2026, plus (ii) 86,979 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion or exercise of securities held by V-Co Investors 4 LLC in light of the beneficial ownership limitation described in Item 5 below.

SCHEDULE 13D

CUSIP Number(s): 92859E207

1

Name of reporting person

V-Co Investors 2 LLC

2

Check the appropriate box if a member of a Group (See Instructions)

(a)
(b)

3

SEC use only

4

Source of funds (See Instructions)

PF

5

Check if disclosure of legal proceedings is required pursuant to Items 2(d) or 2(e)

6

Citizenship or place of organization

WYOMING

Number of Shares Beneficially Owned by Each Reporting Person With:

7	Sole Voting Power 0.00
8	Shared Voting Power 828,000.00
9	Sole Dispositive Power 0.00
10	Shared Dispositive Power 828,000.00

11

Aggregate amount beneficially owned by each reporting person

828,000.00

12

Check if the aggregate amount in Row (11) excludes certain shares (See Instructions)

13

Percent of class represented by amount in Row (11)

5.9 %

14

Type of Reporting Person (See Instructions)

OO

Comment for Type of Reporting Person:

The percentage is calculated based upon (i) 13,894,600 shares of Common Stock as of May 20, 2026, as reported by the Issuer on its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on May 20, 2026, plus (ii) 86,979 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion or exercise of securities held by V-Co Investors 4 LLC in light of the beneficial ownership limitation described in Item 5 below.

SCHEDULE 13D

CUSIP Number(s): 92859E207

1

Name of reporting person

V-Co Investors 3 LLC

2

Check the appropriate box if a member of a Group (See Instructions)

(a)
(b)

3

SEC use only

4

Source of funds (See Instructions)

PF

5

Check if disclosure of legal proceedings is required pursuant to Items 2(d) or 2(e)

6

Citizenship or place of organization

WYOMING

Number of Shares Beneficially Owned by Each Reporting Person With:

7	Sole Voting Power 0.00
8	Shared Voting Power 1,353,625.00
9	Sole Dispositive Power 0.00
10	Shared Dispositive Power 1,353,625.00

11

Aggregate amount beneficially owned by each reporting person

1,353,625.00

12

Check if the aggregate amount in Row (11) excludes certain shares (See Instructions)

13

Percent of class represented by amount in Row (11)

9.7 %

14

Type of Reporting Person (See Instructions)

OO

Comment for Type of Reporting Person:

The percentage is calculated based upon (i) 13,894,600 shares of Common Stock as of May 20, 2026, as reported by the Issuer on its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on May 20, 2026, plus (ii) 86,979 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion or exercise of securities held by V-Co Investors 4 LLC in light of the beneficial ownership limitation described in Item 5 below.

SCHEDULE 13D

CUSIP Number(s): 92859E207

1

Name of reporting person

V-Co Investors 4 LLC

2

Check the appropriate box if a member of a Group (See Instructions)

(a)
(b)

3

SEC use only

4

Source of funds (See Instructions)

PF

5

Check if disclosure of legal proceedings is required pursuant to Items 2(d) or 2(e)

6

Citizenship or place of organization

WYOMING

Number of Shares Beneficially Owned by Each Reporting Person With:

7	Sole Voting Power 0.00
8	Shared Voting Power 86,979.00
9	Sole Dispositive Power 0.00
10	Shared Dispositive Power 86,979.00

11

Aggregate amount beneficially owned by each reporting person

86,979.00

12

Check if the aggregate amount in Row (11) excludes certain shares (See Instructions)

13

Percent of class represented by amount in Row (11)

0.6 %

14

Type of Reporting Person (See Instructions)

OO

Comment for Type of Reporting Person:

The percentage is calculated based upon (i) 13,894,600 shares of Common Stock as of May 20, 2026, as reported by the Issuer on its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on May 20, 2026, plus (ii) 86,979 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion or exercise of securities held by V-Co Investors 4 LLC in light of the beneficial ownership limitation described in Item 5 below.

SCHEDULE 13D

CUSIP Number(s): 92859E207

1

Name of reporting person

SP Manager LLC

2

Check the appropriate box if a member of a Group (See Instructions)

(a)
(b)

3

SEC use only

4

Source of funds (See Instructions)

OO

5

Check if disclosure of legal proceedings is required pursuant to Items 2(d) or 2(e)

6

Citizenship or place of organization

WYOMING

Number of Shares Beneficially Owned by Each Reporting Person With:

7	Sole Voting Power 0.00
8	Shared Voting Power 2,783,102.00
9	Sole Dispositive Power 0.00
10	Shared Dispositive Power 2,783,102.00

11

Aggregate amount beneficially owned by each reporting person

2,783,102.00

12

Check if the aggregate amount in Row (11) excludes certain shares (See Instructions)

13

Percent of class represented by amount in Row (11)

19.9 %

14

Type of Reporting Person (See Instructions)

OO

Comment for Type of Reporting Person:

The percentage is calculated based upon (i) 13,894,600 shares of Common Stock as of May 20, 2026, as reported by the Issuer on its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on May 20, 2026, plus (ii) 86,979 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion or exercise of securities held by V-Co Investors 4 LLC in light of the beneficial ownership limitation described in Item 5 below.

SCHEDULE 13D

CUSIP Number(s): 92859E207

1

Name of reporting person

Michael C. Skaff

2

Check the appropriate box if a member of a Group (See Instructions)

(a)
(b)

3

SEC use only

4

Source of funds (See Instructions)

OO

5

Check if disclosure of legal proceedings is required pursuant to Items 2(d) or 2(e)

6

Citizenship or place of organization

UNITED STATES

Number of Shares Beneficially Owned by Each Reporting Person With:

7	Sole Voting Power 0.00
8	Shared Voting Power 2,783,102.00
9	Sole Dispositive Power 0.00
10	Shared Dispositive Power 2,783,102.00

11

Aggregate amount beneficially owned by each reporting person

2,783,102.00

12

Check if the aggregate amount in Row (11) excludes certain shares (See Instructions)

13

Percent of class represented by amount in Row (11)

19.9 %

14

Type of Reporting Person (See Instructions)

IN

Comment for Type of Reporting Person:

The percentage is calculated based upon (i) 13,894,600 shares of Common Stock as of May 20, 2026, as reported by the Issuer on its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on May 20, 2026, plus (ii) 86,979 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion or exercise of securities held by V-Co Investors 4 LLC in light of the beneficial ownership limitation described in Item 5 below.

SCHEDULE 13D

Item 1.	Security and Issuer
(a)	Title of Class of Securities: Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
(b)	Name of Issuer: Vivos Therapeutics, Inc.
(c)	Address of Issuer's Principal Executive Offices: 7921 SOUTHPARK PLAZA, SUITE 210, LITTLETON, COLORADO , 80120.
Item 2.	Identity and Background
(a)	This Schedule 13D is filed by the following reporting persons (collectively, the "Reporting Persons"): (1) V-CO Investors LLC ("V-CO"); (2) V-Co Investors 2 LLC ("V-Co 2"); (3) V-Co Investors 3 LLC ("V-Co 3"); (4) V-Co Investors 4 LLC ("V-Co 4"); (5) SP Manager LLC (the "Manager"); and (6) Michael C. Skaff. The Manager is the investment manager of V-CO, V-Co 2, V-Co 3, and V-Co 4. Mr. Skaff is the managing director of the Manager. The Manager and Mr. Skaff may be deemed to beneficially own the Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "Shares") directly beneficially owned by each V-CO, V-Co 2, V-Co 3, and V-Co 4. Each Reporting Person disclaims beneficial ownership with respect to any Shares other than the Shares directly beneficially owned by such Reporting Person, and to the extent of their pecuniary interest therein.
(b)	The principal business office of the Reporting Persons is 18000 Mack Ave, Grosse Pointe, MI 48230.
(c)	The principal businesses of V-CO, V-Co 2, V-Co 3, and V-Co 4 is to invest in certain companies, including the Issuer. The principal business of the Manager is to provide investment and management services to investment funds and other entities, including V-CO, V-Co 2, V-Co 3, and V-Co 4. The principal occupation or employment of Mr. Skaff is serving as the managing director of certain investment management entities, including the Manager. See Item 2(b) for the principal business office of each of the Reporting Persons.
(d)	No Reporting Person has, during the last five years, been convicted in a criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations or similar misdemeanors).
(e)	No Reporting Person has, during the last five years, been party to a civil proceeding of a judicial or administrative body of competent jurisdiction and as a result of such proceeding was or is subject to a judgment, decree or final order enjoining future violations of, or prohibiting or mandating activities subject to, federal or state securities laws or finding any violation with respect to such laws.
(f)	V-CO Investors LLC - Wyoming V-Co Investors 2 LLC - Wyoming V-Co Investors 3 LLC - Wyoming V-Co Investors 4 LLC - Wyoming SP Manager LLC - Wyoming Michael C. Skaff - United States of America
Item 3.	Source and Amount of Funds or Other Consideration
	Available net assets were used to purchase the shares referred to in Item 4 of this Schedule 13D. The total amount of the funds used to make the purchases was $1,600,000 (the "Subscription Amount"). The Subscription Amount included the conversion and satisfaction in full of $1,100,000 pursuant to a Convertible Promissory Note, dated May 7, 2026, between the Issuer and V-Co 4 (the "Convertible Promissory Note"). The Convertible Promissory Note included an original issue discount of $100,000.
Item 4.	Purpose of Transaction
	The Reporting Person's purpose of acquiring these securities is for investment purposes. The Reporting Person intends to engage, or has engaged, in discussions with the Issuer and its management and/or board of directors regarding the Issuer's financial performance, strategic direction, operational matters, and corporate governance practices. On June 30, 2026, the Issuer and V-Co 4 entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement where the Issuer sold to V-Co 4 in a private placement: (i) 2,749,330 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock ("Convertible Preferred Stock"), and (ii) a Common Stock Purchase Warrant ("Common Stock Warrant") to purchase up to 2,749,330 shares of Common Stock ("Warrant Shares"). In compliance with the listing rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, V-Co 4 purchased the Shares at a purchase price of $0.582 per share. The Common Stock Warrant is immediately exercisable with a five-year term from the date of purchase and has an exercise price of $0.456 per share. V-Co 4 is prohibited from converting such Convertible Preferred Stock and exercising such Common Stock Warrants if it results in V-Co 4 or its affiliates owning in excess of 19.99% of the then outstanding Common Stock of the Issuer. Accordingly, for purposes of this Schedule 13D, only 86,979 of the shares of Common Stock underlying the Convertible Preferred Stock and Common Stock Warrant purchased by V-Co 4 in the private placement are deemed to be beneficially owned by V-Co 4. See Item 5 for a description of all of the securities that the Reporting Persons may acquire upon conversion or exercise of such securities, without regard to the beneficial ownership limitations described herein. Other than as described above, the Reporting Persons do not have any current plans or proposals which relate to, or would result in, (a) any acquisition by any person of additional securities of the Issuer, or the disposition of securities of the Issuer; (b) any extraordinary corporate transaction, such as a merger, reorganization or liquidation, involving the Issuer or any of its subsidiaries;(c) any sale or transfer of a material amount of assets of the Issuer or any of its subsidiaries; (d) any change in the present board of directors or management of the Issuer, including any plans or proposals to change the number or term of directors or to fill any existing vacancies on the board; (e) any material change in the present capitalization or dividend policy of the Issuer; (f) any other material change in the Issuer's business or corporate structure, including but not limited to, if the Issuer is a registered closed-end investment company, any plans or proposals to make any changes in its investment policy for which a vote is required by Section 13 of the Investment Company Act of 1940; (g) any change in the Issuer's charter, bylaws or instruments corresponding thereto or other actions which may impede the acquisition of control of the issuer by any person; (h) causing a class of securities of the Issuer to be delisted from a national securities exchange or to cease to be authorized to be quoted in an inter-dealer quotation system of a registered national securities association; (i) a class of equity securities of the Issuer becoming eligible for termination of registration pursuant to section 12(g)(4) of the Act; or (j) any action similar to any of those enumerated above.
Item 5.	Interest in Securities of the Issuer
(a)	V-CO directly holds 514,498 shares, which represents 3.7% of Common Stock of the Issuer; V-Co 2 directly holds 828,000 shares, which represents 5.9% of the Common Stock of the Issuer; V-Co 3 directly holds 1,353,625 shares, which represents 9.7% of the Common Stock of the Issuer; V-Co 4 may be deemed to beneficially own 86,979 shares, which represents 0.6% of the Common Stock of the Issuer; the Manager may be deemed to beneficially own an aggregate of 2,783,102 shares, which represents 19.9% of Common Stock of the Issuer by virtue of its capacity as manager of V-CO, V-Co 2, V-Co 3, and V-Co 4; and Mr. Skaff may be deemed to beneficially own 2,783,102 shares, which represents 19.9% of Common Stock of the Issuer by virtue of his capacity as managing director of the Manager. The percentage of class of securities identified is calculated based upon (i) 13,894,600 shares of Common Stock as of May 20, 2026, as reported by the Issuer on its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on May 20, 2026, plus (ii) 86,979 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion or exercise of securities held by V-Co Investors 4 LLC in light of the beneficial ownership limitations described herein. The foregoing excludes (i) 3,220,266 shares of Common Stock issuable to V-CO upon the exercise of certain common stock warrants; and (ii) 2,705,768 shares issuable to V-CO upon the exercise of certain pre-funded warrants. The foregoing also excludes (i) 2,329,886 shares of Common Stock issuable to V-Co 2 upon the exercise of certain common stock warrants; and (ii) 725,258 shares of Common Stock issuable to V-Co 2 upon the exercise of certain pre-funded warrants. The foregoing further excludes (i) 429,957 shares of Common Stock issuable to V-Co 3 upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrant; (ii) 1,783,582 shares of Common Stock issuable to V-Co 3 upon exercise of the Series A Warrant; and (iii) 1,783,582 shares of Common Stock issuable to V-Co 3 upon exercise of the Series B Warrant. The foregoing also excludes (i) 2,705,840 shares of Common Stock underlying the Convertible Preferred Stock held by V-Co 4; and (ii) 2,705,841 Warrant Shares issuable to V-Co 4 upon exercise of the Common Stock Warrant. Each of these are excluded due to a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise any of the foregoing to the extent that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 19.99% of the Common Stock. Without such blocker provisions, V-CO may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of an additional 5,926,034 shares; V-Co 2 may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of an additional 3,055,144 shares; V-Co 3 may be deemed to have beneficial ownership over an additional 3,997,121 shares; V-Co 4 may be deemed to have beneficial ownership over an additional 5,411,680 shares; and SP Manager LLC, and Michael C. Skaff may have been deemed to have beneficial ownership of an additional 18,389,979 shares.
(b)	V-CO has shared voting power and dispositive power over 514,498 shares of Common Stock of the Issuer. V-Co 2 has shared voting power and dispositive power over 828,000 shares of Common Stock of the Issuer. V-Co 3 has shared voting power and dispositive power over 1,353,625 shares of Common Stock of the Issuer. V-Co 4 has shared voting power and dispositive power over 86,979 shares of Common Stock. Both the Manager and Mr. Skaff have shared voting power and dispositive power over 2,783,102 shares of Common Stock of the Issuer. The Manager and Mr. Skaff disclaim beneficial ownership over the Shares directly held by V-CO, V-Co 2, V-Co 3, and V-Co 4, except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein.
(c)	Other than as described in Item 4 above, none of the other Reporting Persons effected any transactions in shares of Common Stock of the Issuer during the past 60 days.
(d)	Not applicable.
(e)	Not applicable.
Item 6.	Contracts, Arrangements, Understandings or Relationships With Respect to Securities of the Issuer
	To the knowledge, of the Reporting Persons, there is no contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship (legal or otherwise) among the Reporting Persons or between the Reporting Persons and any other person with respect to any securities of the Issuer.
Item 7.	Material to be Filed as Exhibits.
	Common Stock Warrant, dated June 30, 2026 by and between the Company and V-Co 4 and the Company and Bigger (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Issuer's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 7, 2026) Pre-Funded Warrant, dated March 31, 2026 by and between the Company and V-Co 3 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Issuer's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on April 3, 2026) Series A Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated March 31, 2026, by and between the Company and V-Co 3 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Issuer's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on April 3, 2026) Series B Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated March 31, 2026, by and between the Company and V-Co 3 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Issuer's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on April 3, 2026) Pre-Funded Warrant, dated June 9, 2025, by and between the Company and V-Co 2 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Issuer's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 13, 2025) Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated June 9, 2025, by and between the Company and V-Co 2 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Issuer's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 13, 2025) Pre-Funded Warrant, dated June 10, 2024, issued to V-CO Investors LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to the Issuer's Registration Statement on Form S-3, filed with the SEC on July 30, 2024) Warrant, dated June 10, 2024, issued to V-CO Investors LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 to the Issuer's Registration Statement on Form S-3, filed with the SEC on July 30, 2024) Exhibit 1 - Joint Filing Agreement

SIGNATURE

After reasonable inquiry and to the best of my knowledge and belief, I certify that the information set forth in this statement is true, complete and correct.

V-CO Investors LLC

Signature:	Michael C. Skaff
Name/Title:	Michael C. Skaff, Managing Director of SP Manager LLC, its Manager
Date:	07/15/2026

V-Co Investors 2 LLC

Signature:	Michael C. Skaff
Name/Title:	Michael C. Skaff, Managing Director of SP Manager LLC, its Manager
Date:	07/15/2026

V-Co Investors 3 LLC

Signature:	Michael C. Skaff
Name/Title:	Michael C. Skaff, Managing Director of SP Manager LLC, its Manager
Date:	07/15/2026

V-Co Investors 4 LLC

Signature:	Michael C. Skaff
Name/Title:	Michael C. Skaff, Managing Director of SP Manager LLC, its Manager
Date:	07/15/2026

SP Manager LLC

Signature:	Michael C. Skaff*
Name/Title:	Michael C. Skaff, Managing Director
Date:	07/15/2026

Michael C. Skaff

Signature:	Michael C. Skaff*
Name/Title:	Michael C. Skaff, Individual
Date:	07/15/2026

Comments accompanying signature:

*This Reporting Person disclaims beneficial ownership of these reported securities except to the extent of its pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that any such person is the beneficial owner of these securities for purposes of Section 16 of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or for any other purpose.