What is Coda Octopus Group Inc's earnings per share (EPS)?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) reported diluted earnings per share of $0.37 for fiscal year 2025. This represents a 15.6% change compared to the previous fiscal year. EPS represents the portion of a company's net income allocated to each outstanding share of common stock and is widely used to evaluate profitability on a per-share basis.

Coda Octopus Group Inc Financials

CODA

Source SEC Filings (10-K/10-Q) Updated Mar 17, 2026 Currency USD FYE October

This page shows Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) financial statements, including the income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, and key financial ratios. View 12 years of annual fundamentals and quarterly data, with year-over-year growth rates and compound annual growth rates (CAGR). All figures are derived from SEC filings (10-K and 10-Q reports).

Financial Health Signals

Financial Profile 75/100

Based on FY2025 annual data. Scores normalized against common benchmarks. How we calculate these scores

Profitability

Coda Octopus Group Inc has an operating margin of 17.1%, meaning the company retains $17 of operating profit per $100 of revenue. This results in a moderate score of 60/100, indicating healthy but not exceptional operating efficiency. This is down from 17.6% the prior year.

Growth

Coda Octopus Group Inc's revenue surged 30.7% year-over-year to $26.6M, reflecting rapid business expansion. This strong growth earns a score of 85/100.

Leverage

100

Coda Octopus Group Inc carries a low D/E ratio of 0.09, meaning only $0.09 of long-term debt for every $1 of shareholders' equity. This conservative leverage earns a score of 100/100, indicating a strong balance sheet with room for future borrowing.

Liquidity

100

With a current ratio of 10.90, Coda Octopus Group Inc holds $10.90 in current assets for every $1 of short-term obligations. This comfortable liquidity earns a score of 100/100.

Cash Flow

Coda Octopus Group Inc converts 22.7% of revenue into free cash flow ($6.0M). This strong cash generation earns a score of 82/100.

Returns

Coda Octopus Group Inc generates a 6.9% ROE, indicating limited profit relative to shareholders' investment. This results in a returns score of 26/100. This is up from 6.9% the prior year.

Altman Z-Score Safe

15.50

Coda Octopus Group Inc scores 15.50, well above the 2.99 safe threshold. The score is driven primarily by a large market capitalization ($127.4M) relative to total liabilities ($5.4M). This indicates low bankruptcy risk based on profitability, leverage, and asset efficiency.

Piotroski F-Score Neutral

4/9

Coda Octopus Group Inc passes 4 of 9 financial strength tests. 3 of 4 profitability signals pass, no leverage/liquidity signals pass (rising debt, declining liquidity, or share dilution), 1 of 2 efficiency signals pass.

Earnings Quality Cash-Backed

1.75x

For every $1 of reported earnings, Coda Octopus Group Inc generates $1.75 in operating cash flow ($7.2M OCF vs $4.1M net income). This indicates profits are well-supported by actual cash generation, not accounting adjustments.

Key Financial Metrics

Export CSV

Earnings & Revenue

Revenue

$26.6M

YoY+30.7%

5Y CAGR+5.8%

10Y CAGR+8.7%

Coda Octopus Group Inc generated $26.6M in revenue in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 30.7% from the prior year.

EBITDA

$5.4M

YoY+25.7%

5Y CAGR+8.4%

Coda Octopus Group Inc's EBITDA was $5.4M in fiscal year 2025, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. This represents an increase of 25.7% from the prior year.

Net Income

$4.1M

YoY+13.3%

5Y CAGR+4.3%

Coda Octopus Group Inc reported $4.1M in net income in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 13.3% from the prior year.

EPS (Diluted)

$0.37

YoY+15.6%

5Y CAGR+4.3%

Coda Octopus Group Inc earned $0.37 per diluted share (EPS) in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 15.6% from the prior year.

Cash & Balance Sheet

Free Cash Flow

$6.0M

YoY+209.9%

5Y CAGR+10.9%

Coda Octopus Group Inc generated $6.0M in free cash flow in fiscal year 2025, representing cash available after capex. This represents an increase of 209.9% from the prior year.

Cash & Debt

$30.4M

YoY+35.1%

5Y CAGR+13.6%

10Y CAGR+56.5%

Coda Octopus Group Inc held $30.4M in cash against $0 in long-term debt as of fiscal year 2025.

Dividends Per Share

N/A

Shares Outstanding

11M

YoY+0.5%

5Y CAGR+0.9%

10Y CAGR-17.2%

Coda Octopus Group Inc had 11M shares outstanding in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 0.5% from the prior year.

Margins & Returns

Gross Margin

66.5%

YoY-3.3pp

5Y CAGR+3.0pp

10Y CAGR+20.1pp

Coda Octopus Group Inc's gross margin was 66.5% in fiscal year 2025, indicating the percentage of revenue retained after direct costs. This is down 3.3 percentage points from the prior year.

Operating Margin

17.1%

YoY-0.6pp

5Y CAGR+3.1pp

10Y CAGR+41.5pp

Coda Octopus Group Inc's operating margin was 17.1% in fiscal year 2025, reflecting core business profitability. This is down 0.6 percentage points from the prior year.

Net Margin

15.6%

YoY-2.4pp

5Y CAGR-1.1pp

10Y CAGR+31.0pp

Coda Octopus Group Inc's net profit margin was 15.6% in fiscal year 2025, showing the share of revenue converted to profit. This is down 2.4 percentage points from the prior year.

Return on Equity

6.9%

YoY+0.0pp

5Y CAGR-2.3pp

Coda Octopus Group Inc's ROE was 6.9% in fiscal year 2025, measuring profit generated per dollar of shareholder equity. This is up 0.0 percentage points from the prior year.

Capital Allocation

R&D Spending

$2.4M

YoY+9.2%

5Y CAGR-5.1%

10Y CAGR+3.3%

Coda Octopus Group Inc invested $2.4M in research and development in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 9.2% from the prior year.

Share Buybacks

N/A

Capital Expenditures

$1.2M

YoY+133.0%

5Y CAGR+7.0%

Coda Octopus Group Inc invested $1.2M in capex in fiscal year 2025, funding long-term assets and infrastructure. This represents an increase of 133.0% from the prior year.

CODA Income Statement

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Revenue	$26.6M+30.7%	$20.3M+5.0%	$19.4M-12.9%	$22.2M+4.2%	$21.3M+6.4%	$20.0M
Cost of Revenue	$8.9M+44.9%	$6.1M-2.8%	$6.3M-10.2%	$7.0M+7.2%	$6.6M-10.3%	$7.3M
Gross Profit	$17.7M+24.6%	$14.2M+8.8%	$13.0M-14.2%	$15.2M+2.9%	$14.8M+16.0%	$12.7M
R&D Expenses	$2.4M+9.2%	$2.2M+7.0%	$2.1M-6.3%	$2.2M-25.0%	$3.0M-6.5%	$3.2M
SG&A Expenses	$10.7M+27.9%	$8.3M+1.8%	$8.2M+3.1%	$7.9M0.0%	$7.9M+18.0%	$6.7M
Operating Income	$4.5M+26.6%	$3.6M+30.8%	$2.7M-45.3%	$5.0M+30.4%	$3.8M+36.9%	$2.8M
Interest Expense	N/A	N/A	N/A	$10K+149.4%	-$20K	N/A
Income Tax	$1.4M+43.2%	$965K+224.9%	$297K-64.3%	$831K+172.1%	$305K+424.7%	$58K
Net Income	$4.1M+13.3%	$3.6M+16.7%	$3.1M-27.4%	$4.3M-13.1%	$4.9M+48.0%	$3.3M
EPS (Diluted)	$0.37+15.6%	$0.32+14.3%	$0.28-26.3%	$0.38-13.6%	$0.44+46.7%	$0.30

Metric	Q2'26	Q1'26	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24
Revenue	$6.7M0.0%	$6.7M-7.7%	$7.3M+2.9%	$7.1M+0.7%	$7.0M+34.7%	$5.2M+3.1%	$5.1M-7.7%	$5.5M
Cost of Revenue	$2.3M0.0%	$2.3M-0.6%	$2.4M+5.2%	$2.2M-11.1%	$2.5M+41.5%	$1.8M-68.3%	$5.6M+5501.1%	$100K
Gross Profit	$4.4M0.0%	$4.4M-11.1%	$4.9M+1.8%	$4.8M+7.3%	$4.5M+31.2%	$3.4M+709.9%	-$562K-113.9%	$4.0M
R&D Expenses	$606K0.0%	$606K-5.6%	$642K+12.2%	$572K-17.0%	$690K+27.0%	$543K-24.3%	$718K+44.6%	$496K
SG&A Expenses	$2.8M0.0%	$2.8M-4.0%	$2.9M-0.2%	$2.9M+5.6%	$2.7M+22.3%	$2.2M-3.1%	$2.3M+6.1%	$2.2M
Operating Income	$1.0M0.0%	$1.0M-28.2%	$1.4M+1.9%	$1.4M+26.9%	$1.1M+64.3%	$662K+130.2%	$288K-79.3%	$1.4M
Interest Expense	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Income Tax	$256K0.0%	$256K-65.5%	$743K+184.9%	$261K-26.9%	$357K+1530.6%	$22K-90.5%	$230K-35.6%	$357K
Net Income	$931K0.0%	$931K-9.2%	$1.0M-20.1%	$1.3M+41.2%	$909K-0.5%	$913K+179.9%	$326K-74.4%	$1.3M
EPS (Diluted)	$0.080.0%	$0.08	N/A	$0.11+37.5%	$0.080.0%	$0.08	N/A	$0.11

CODA Balance Sheet

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Total Assets	$65.6M+15.3%	$56.9M+7.3%	$53.0M+5.0%	$50.5M+11.2%	$45.4M+12.5%	$40.4M
Current Assets	$51.2M+19.8%	$42.7M-0.1%	$42.8M+6.1%	$40.3M+15.9%	$34.8M+16.5%	$29.9M
Cash & Equivalents	$30.4M+35.1%	$22.5M-9.8%	$25.0M+2.0%	$24.5M+18.4%	$20.7M+28.8%	$16.1M
Inventory	$14.2M+5.7%	$13.4M+5.2%	$12.8M+14.2%	$11.2M+0.2%	$11.2M+11.6%	$10.0M
Accounts Receivable	$3.8M+12.7%	$3.4M+10.8%	$3.0M-3.6%	$3.1M+104.7%	$1.5M-17.9%	$1.9M
Goodwill	$3.6M0.0%	$3.6M+7.6%	$3.4M	N/A	N/A	N/A
Total Liabilities	$5.4M+43.7%	$3.8M+32.2%	$2.9M-27.2%	$3.9M+53.3%	$2.6M-31.2%	$3.7M
Current Liabilities	$4.7M+40.7%	$3.3M+21.2%	$2.8M-28.2%	$3.8M+58.8%	$2.4M-21.9%	$3.1M
Long-Term Debt	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Total Equity	$60.2M+13.3%	$53.1M+5.9%	$50.1M+7.7%	$46.6M+8.7%	$42.8M+16.9%	$36.6M
Retained Earnings	-$2.3M+63.9%	-$6.5M+37.7%	-$10.4M+18.4%	-$12.8M+26.0%	-$17.3M+22.6%	-$22.3M

Metric	Q2'26	Q1'26	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24
Total Assets	$65.6M0.0%	$65.6M+1.7%	$64.5M+4.2%	$61.9M+2.2%	$60.6M+6.5%	$56.9M-1.1%	$57.5M+2.9%	$55.9M
Current Assets	$51.2M0.0%	$51.2M+2.3%	$50.0M+5.5%	$47.4M+2.4%	$46.3M+8.4%	$42.7M-0.6%	$43.0M-5.9%	$45.7M
Cash & Equivalents	$30.4M0.0%	$30.4M+6.1%	$28.7M+9.5%	$26.2M+7.1%	$24.5M+8.5%	$22.5M+0.3%	$22.5M-10.9%	$25.2M
Inventory	$14.2M0.0%	$14.2M+4.1%	$13.6M-0.6%	$13.7M+1.4%	$13.5M+0.7%	$13.4M-3.9%	$14.0M+7.3%	$13.0M
Accounts Receivable	$3.8M0.0%	$3.8M+1.4%	$3.7M-3.6%	$3.9M-18.0%	$4.7M+40.5%	$3.4M-3.8%	$3.5M+2.5%	$3.4M
Goodwill	$3.6M0.0%	$3.6M0.0%	$3.6M0.0%	$3.6M0.0%	$3.6M0.0%	$3.6M0.0%	$3.6M+7.6%	$3.4M
Total Liabilities	$5.4M0.0%	$5.4M-14.8%	$6.4M+37.4%	$4.6M-1.3%	$4.7M+24.2%	$3.8M-14.3%	$4.4M+40.6%	$3.1M
Current Liabilities	$4.7M0.0%	$4.7M-16.8%	$5.6M+35.3%	$4.2M-1.8%	$4.2M+27.3%	$3.3M-14.4%	$3.9M+29.1%	$3.0M
Long-Term Debt	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Total Equity	$60.2M0.0%	$60.2M+3.6%	$58.1M+1.5%	$57.3M+2.5%	$55.9M+5.2%	$53.1M0.0%	$53.1M+0.6%	$52.8M
Retained Earnings	-$2.3M0.0%	-$2.3M+28.4%	-$3.3M+23.8%	-$4.3M+23.0%	-$5.6M+14.0%	-$6.5M+12.3%	-$7.4M+4.2%	-$7.7M

CODA Cash Flow Statement

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Operating Cash Flow	$7.2M+194.1%	$2.5M+2.6%	$2.4M-64.5%	$6.7M+105.7%	$3.3M-26.3%	$4.4M
Capital Expenditures	$1.2M+133.0%	$503K-75.1%	$2.0M+333.5%	$466K-45.2%	$851K+1.9%	$835K
Free Cash Flow	$6.0M+209.9%	$1.9M+429.8%	$368K-94.1%	$6.3M+158.8%	$2.4M-32.8%	$3.6M
Investing Cash Flow	-$1.2M+72.9%	-$4.4M-190.7%	-$1.5M-173.2%	-$557K+42.3%	-$964K+3.4%	-$998K
Financing Cash Flow	N/A	-$16K+13.0%	-$18K+80.5%	-$92K-166.0%	$139K-14.2%	$162K
Dividends Paid	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Share Buybacks	N/A	$16K-13.0%	$18K	N/A	N/A	N/A

Metric	Q2'26	Q1'26	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24
Operating Cash Flow	$1.5M0.0%	$1.5M-49.1%	$2.9M+31.7%	$2.2M+50.7%	$1.5M+128.0%	$642K-67.8%	$2.0M+16.5%	$1.7M
Capital Expenditures	$82K0.0%	$82K-77.5%	$365K-40.0%	$609K+792.6%	$68K-46.7%	$128K+170.2%	$47K-71.3%	$165K
Free Cash Flow	$1.4M0.0%	$1.4M-45.0%	$2.5M+59.1%	$1.6M+14.4%	$1.4M+171.6%	$513K-73.6%	$1.9M+25.8%	$1.5M
Investing Cash Flow	-$105K0.0%	-$105K+71.8%	-$374K+39.1%	-$614K-741.4%	-$73K+46.0%	-$135K+97.1%	-$4.7M-2545.9%	-$176K
Financing Cash Flow	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	$0	$0
Dividends Paid	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Share Buybacks	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	$0	$0

CODA Financial Ratios

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Gross Margin	66.5%-3.3pp	69.8%+2.4pp	67.3%-1.0pp	68.3%-0.9pp	69.2%+5.7pp	63.5%
Operating Margin	17.1%-0.6pp	17.6%+3.5pp	14.2%-8.3pp	22.5%+4.5pp	18.0%+4.0pp	14.0%
Net Margin	15.6%-2.4pp	17.9%+1.8pp	16.1%-3.2pp	19.4%-3.8pp	23.2%+6.5pp	16.7%
Return on Equity	6.9%0.0pp	6.9%+0.6pp	6.2%-3.0pp	9.2%-2.3pp	11.6%+2.4pp	9.1%
Return on Assets	6.3%-0.1pp	6.4%+0.5pp	5.9%-2.6pp	8.5%-2.4pp	10.9%+2.6pp	8.3%
Current Ratio	10.90-1.9	12.80-2.7	15.54+5.0	10.52-3.9	14.41+4.7	9.66
Debt-to-Equity	0.09+0.0	0.07+0.0	0.06-0.0	0.08+0.0	0.06-0.0	0.10
FCF Margin	22.7%+13.2pp	9.6%+7.7pp	1.9%-26.3pp	28.2%+16.8pp	11.3%-6.6pp	18.0%

Metric	Q2'26	Q1'26	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24
Gross Margin	65.1%0.0pp	65.1%-2.5pp	67.6%-0.7pp	68.3%+4.2pp	64.1%-1.7pp	65.8%+76.9pp	-11.1%-85.0pp	73.9%
Operating Margin	15.0%0.0pp	15.0%-4.3pp	19.3%-0.2pp	19.5%+4.0pp	15.5%+2.8pp	12.7%+7.0pp	5.7%-19.7pp	25.4%
Net Margin	13.9%0.0pp	13.9%-0.2pp	14.1%-4.1pp	18.2%+5.2pp	13.0%-4.6pp	17.5%+11.1pp	6.5%-16.8pp	23.3%
Return on Equity	1.6%0.0pp	1.6%-0.2pp	1.8%-0.5pp	2.2%+0.6pp	1.6%-0.1pp	1.7%+1.1pp	0.6%-1.8pp	2.4%
Return on Assets	1.4%0.0pp	1.4%-0.2pp	1.6%-0.5pp	2.1%+0.6pp	1.5%-0.1pp	1.6%+1.0pp	0.6%-1.7pp	2.3%
Current Ratio	10.900.0	10.90+2.0	8.86-2.5	11.37+0.5	10.91-1.9	12.80+1.8	11.03-4.1	15.14
Debt-to-Equity	0.090.0	0.09-0.0	0.11+0.0	0.080.0	0.08+0.0	0.07-0.0	0.08+0.0	0.06
FCF Margin	20.8%0.0pp	20.8%-14.1pp	34.9%+12.3pp	22.6%+2.7pp	19.9%+10.0pp	9.8%-28.6pp	38.5%+10.3pp	28.2%

Similar Companies

Draganfly DPRO

$168.8M

Optex Systems OPXS

$91.7M

New Horizon Aircraft HOVR

$62.4M

Mobilicom MOB

$64.9M

Safe Pro Group Inc. SPAI

$79.9M

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Coda Octopus Group Inc's annual revenue?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) reported $26.6M in total revenue for fiscal year 2025. This represents a 30.7% change compared to the previous fiscal year. Revenue measures the total income earned from the company's primary business operations before any expenses are deducted.

How fast is Coda Octopus Group Inc's revenue growing?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) revenue grew by 30.7% year-over-year, from $20.3M to $26.6M in fiscal year 2025.

Is Coda Octopus Group Inc profitable?

Yes, Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) reported a net income of $4.1M in fiscal year 2025, with a net profit margin of 15.6%.

What is Coda Octopus Group Inc's EBITDA?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) had EBITDA of $5.4M in fiscal year 2025, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.

What is Coda Octopus Group Inc's gross margin?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) had a gross margin of 66.5% in fiscal year 2025, indicating the percentage of revenue retained after direct costs of goods sold.

What is Coda Octopus Group Inc's operating margin?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) had an operating margin of 17.1% in fiscal year 2025, reflecting the profitability of core business operations before interest and taxes.

What is Coda Octopus Group Inc's net profit margin?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) had a net profit margin of 15.6% in fiscal year 2025, representing the share of revenue converted into profit after all expenses.

What is Coda Octopus Group Inc's return on equity (ROE)?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) has a return on equity of 6.9% for fiscal year 2025, measuring how efficiently the company generates profit from shareholder equity.

What is Coda Octopus Group Inc's free cash flow?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) generated $6.0M in free cash flow during fiscal year 2025. This represents a 209.9% change compared to the previous fiscal year. Free cash flow represents the cash a company generates after accounting for capital expenditures, and is widely used to assess financial flexibility and shareholder value.

What is Coda Octopus Group Inc's operating cash flow?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) generated $7.2M in operating cash flow during fiscal year 2025, representing cash generated from core business activities.

What are Coda Octopus Group Inc's total assets?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) had $65.6M in total assets as of fiscal year 2025, including both current and long-term assets.

What are Coda Octopus Group Inc's capital expenditures?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) invested $1.2M in capital expenditures during fiscal year 2025, funding long-term assets and infrastructure.

How much does Coda Octopus Group Inc spend on research and development?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) invested $2.4M in research and development during fiscal year 2025.

How many shares does Coda Octopus Group Inc have outstanding?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) had 11M shares outstanding as of fiscal year 2025.

What is Coda Octopus Group Inc's current ratio?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) had a current ratio of 10.90 as of fiscal year 2025, which is generally considered healthy.

What is Coda Octopus Group Inc's debt-to-equity ratio?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) had a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.09 as of fiscal year 2025, measuring the company's financial leverage by comparing total debt to shareholder equity.

What is Coda Octopus Group Inc's return on assets (ROA)?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) had a return on assets of 6.3% for fiscal year 2025, measuring how efficiently the company uses its assets to generate profit.

What is Coda Octopus Group Inc's Altman Z-Score?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) has an Altman Z-Score of 15.50, placing it in the Safe Zone (low bankruptcy risk). The Z-Score combines five financial ratios—working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market capitalization, and revenue relative to total assets—to predict the likelihood of bankruptcy. Scores above 2.99 indicate financial safety while scores below 1.81 suggest financial distress. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.

What is Coda Octopus Group Inc's Piotroski F-Score?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) has a Piotroski F-Score of 4 out of 9, indicating neutral financial health. The F-Score evaluates nine binary signals across profitability (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, earnings quality), leverage (decreasing debt, improving liquidity, no share dilution), and operating efficiency (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Scores of 7–9 indicate strong and improving fundamentals. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.

Are Coda Octopus Group Inc's earnings high quality?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) has an earnings quality ratio of 1.75x, considered cash-backed (high quality). This ratio compares operating cash flow to net income. A ratio above 1.0x means the company generates more cash than its reported earnings, indicating sustainable, cash-backed profits. Ratios below 1.0x suggest earnings rely on accounting accruals rather than actual cash generation. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.

How financially healthy is Coda Octopus Group Inc?

Coda Octopus Group Inc (CODA) scores 75 out of 100 on our Financial Profile, indicating strong overall financial health. This composite score evaluates six dimensions: profitability (operating margin), revenue growth, leverage (debt-to-equity), liquidity (current ratio), cash flow quality (free cash flow margin), and shareholder returns (return on equity). Each dimension is normalized against standard financial benchmarks. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.