A multiple compares the market's price with a filed figure; it says what the market pays, not how the business is doing. The market capitalization is the vendor's as of Oct 10, 2026; every other figure is from the SEC filings on this page. Not financial advice.
Newest figures come from the 10-Q for Q1 FY2026, filed Apr 28, 2026. Each column of the statement tables below links to the filing it was taken from, and every filing is listed on the KN SEC filings page.
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) reported $614.1M in revenue over the twelve months to Mar 31, 2026, up 25.5% from the prior twelve months. This page shows its income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, and key financial ratios. View 14 years of annual fundamentals and quarterly data, with year-over-year growth rates and compound annual growth rates (CAGR). All figures are derived from SEC filings (10-K and 10-Q reports).
Knowles's FY2025 recovery came with better operating margins and a smaller, less leveraged balance sheet, but cash conversion remains unreported.
In FY2025, revenue rose7.2% while operating margin widened, so operating profit grew faster than sales—a pattern consistent with better cost absorption rather than volume alone. At the same time, total assets fell6.0% and debt-to-equity declined, showing the recovery did not require balance-sheet expansion.
The FY2024 net loss occurred despite positive operating income, then net margin returned to
Capital spending was
Financial Health Signals
Scored against operating companies for FY2025. Each of the six dimensions is a percentile rank within that peer group; the overall is their average, with missing dimensions counted as zero out of six. A high score means strong standing among peers, not absolute cross-industry strength. How this score is calculated →
Health score ≠ stock price. This rates the quality of KNOWLES CORPORATION's business: profitability, growth, balance sheet strength. It doesn't tell you whether the stock is a good buy at today's price. Not financial advice. Use it alongside valuation analysis and your own research.
KNOWLES CORPORATION has an operating margin of 11.8%, meaning the company retains $12 of operating profit per $100 of revenue. This strong profitability earns a score of 70/100, reflecting efficient cost management and pricing power. This is up from 9.4% the prior year.
KNOWLES CORPORATION's revenue grew 7.2% year-over-year to $593.2M, a solid pace of expansion. This earns a growth score of 73/100.
KNOWLES CORPORATION has a moderate D/E ratio of 0.15. This balance of debt and equity financing earns a leverage score of 58/100.
With a current ratio of 2.75, KNOWLES CORPORATION holds $2.75 in current assets for every $1 of short-term obligations. This comfortable liquidity earns a score of 75/100.
Not available for KNOWLES CORPORATION, and counted as zero in the overall score.
KNOWLES CORPORATION's ROE of 5.7% shows moderate profitability relative to equity, earning a score of 58/100. This is up from -31.5% the prior year.
KNOWLES CORPORATION scores 7.23, well above the 2.99 safe threshold. The score is driven primarily by a large market capitalization ($3.2B) relative to total liabilities ($275.3M). This indicates low bankruptcy risk based on profitability, leverage, and asset efficiency.
Distress-screening estimate for non-financial companies. Not computed for banks or insurers, where the Altman model does not apply.
KNOWLES CORPORATION passes 7 of 7 computable financial strength tests (2 of the nine could not be computed from available data). All 2 profitability signals pass (positive income, cash flow, and earnings quality), all 3 leverage/liquidity signals pass, both operating efficiency signals pass.
KNOWLES CORPORATION earns $16.74 in operating income for every $1 of interest expense ($70.3M vs $4.2M). This wide margin provides strong safety for debt servicing, even if earnings decline temporarily.
Key Financial Metrics
Earnings & Revenue
KNOWLES CORPORATION generated $153.1M in revenue in Q1 2026. This represents an increase of 15.8% from the same quarter a year earlier. Against the prior quarter it is down 5.6%.
KNOWLES CORPORATION's EBITDA was $25.1M in Q1 2026, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. This represents an increase of 93.1% from the same quarter a year earlier. Against the prior quarter it is down 28.3%.
KNOWLES CORPORATION reported $9.7M in net income in Q1 2026. This represents an increase of 585.0% from the same quarter a year earlier. Against the prior quarter it is down 53.8%.
KNOWLES CORPORATION earned $0.11 per diluted share (EPS) in Q1 2026. This represents an increase of 650.0% from the same quarter a year earlier. Against the prior quarter it is down 54.2%.
Cash & Balance Sheet
KNOWLES CORPORATION recorded an outflow of $11.5M in free cash flow in Q1 2026, representing a cash shortfall after capex. This represents a decrease of 325.9% from the same quarter a year earlier.
KNOWLES CORPORATION held $41.0M in cash against $131.0M in long-term debt as of Q1 2026.
Not reported for Q1 2026.
Margins & Returns
KNOWLES CORPORATION's gross margin was 43.8% in Q1 2026, indicating the percentage of revenue retained after direct costs. This is up 3.5 percentage points from the same quarter a year earlier. Against the prior quarter it is down 0.9 percentage points.
KNOWLES CORPORATION's operating margin was 10.4% in Q1 2026, reflecting core business profitability. This is up 7.4 percentage points from the same quarter a year earlier. Against the prior quarter it is down 5.5 percentage points.
KNOWLES CORPORATION's net profit margin was 6.3% in Q1 2026, showing the share of revenue converted to profit. This is up 7.8 percentage points from the same quarter a year earlier. Against the prior quarter it is down 6.6 percentage points.
KNOWLES CORPORATION's ROE was 1.2% in Q1 2026, measuring profit generated per dollar of shareholder equity. This is up 1.5 percentage points from the same quarter a year earlier. Against the prior quarter it is down 1.5 percentage points.
Capital Allocation
KNOWLES CORPORATION invested $11.7M in research and development in Q1 2026. This represents an increase of 20.6% from the same quarter a year earlier. Against the prior quarter it is up 11.4%.
KNOWLES CORPORATION spent $7.5M on share buybacks in Q1 2026, returning capital to shareholders by reducing shares outstanding. This represents an increase of 50.0% from the same quarter a year earlier. Against the prior quarter it is down 25.0%.
KNOWLES CORPORATION invested $10.8M in capex in Q1 2026, funding long-term assets and infrastructure. This represents an increase of 170.0% from the same quarter a year earlier. Against the prior quarter it is down 29.4%.
KN Income Statement
Figures in USD, abbreviated K (thousand), M (million), B (billion), T (trillion). Negative values carry a minus sign and red type. Each change compares the year with the year before it, and each quarter with the same quarter a year earlier.
| Metric | Q1'2610-Q | Q4'2510-Q | Q3'2510-Q | Q2'2510-Q | Q1'2510-Q | Q4'2410-K | Q3'2410-Q | Q2'2410-Q |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $153.1M+15.8% | $162.2M+1538.4% | $152.9M+7.3% | $145.9M-28.7% | $132.2M-32.7% | $9.9M-68.5% | $142.5M+31.8% | $204.7M+18.3% |
| Cost of Revenue | $85.9M+9.6% | $89.6M+10.5% | $82.8M+4.2% | $81.7M+6.0% | $78.4M-0.9% | $81.1M+4605.6% | $79.5M+38.3% | $77.1M-27.1% |
| Gross Profit | $67.1M+25.9% | $72.5M+201.8% | $69.9M+11.1% | $60.6M+4.8% | $53.3M+0.2% | -$71.2M-374.9% | $62.9M+24.8% | $57.8M-21.6% |
| R&D Expenses | $11.7M+20.6% | $10.5M+1.9% | $10.0M-2.0% | $10.0M+4.2% | $9.7M+3.2% | $10.3M-33.1% | $10.2M+25.9% | $9.6M-51.3% |
| SG&A Expenses | $39.4M+5.9% | $35.7M+1.4% | $34.0M+0.3% | $35.9M+0.8% | $37.2M-0.3% | $35.2M+34.9% | $33.9M+15.3% | $35.6M-2.5% |
| Operating Income | $15.9M+297.5% | $25.8M+67.5% | $25.8M+38.0% | $14.7M+15.7% | $4.0M-20.0% | $15.4M-4.3% | $18.7M+64.0% | $12.7M-24.9% |
| EBITDA | $25.1M+93.1% | $35.0M+5.4% | $34.8M+24.7% | $23.8M+8.2% | $13.0M-31.6% | $33.2M-0.6% | $27.9M+60.3% | $22.0M-21.4% |
| Interest Expense | -$1.5M+44.4% | $11.7M-42.6% | -$2.3M+41.0% | -$2.5M+45.7% | -$2.7M+38.6% | $20.4M+482.9% | -$3.9M-550.0% | -$4.6M-475.0% |
| Income Tax | -$300K-125.0% | $4.1M+24.2% | $4.3M+43.3% | $3.5M+16.7% | $1.2M-40.0% | $3.3M+111.3% | $3.0M+176.9% | $3.0M-21.1% |
| Net Income | $9.7M+585.0% | $21.0M+13.5% | $17.4M+3380.0% | $7.8M+103.0% | -$2.0M-180.0% | $18.5M-61.0% | $500K-97.0% | -$259.3M-2006.6% |
| EPS (Basic) | $0.11+650.0% | $0.24+20.0% | $0.20+1900.0% | $0.09+103.1% | -$0.02-166.7% | $0.20-62.3% | $0.01-94.4% | -$2.90-2033.3% |
| EPS (Diluted) | $0.11+650.0% | $0.24+20.0% | $0.20 | $0.09+103.1% | -$0.02-166.7% | $0.20-61.5% | $0.01 | -$2.88-2020.0% |
| Diluted Shares (Avg) | 88M-0.1% | N/A | 87M | 88M-2.6% | 88M-2.0% | N/A | 90M | 90M-2.1% |
KN Balance Sheet
Figures in USD, abbreviated K (thousand), M (million), B (billion), T (trillion). Negative values carry a minus sign and red type. Each change compares the year with the year before it, and each quarter with the same quarter a year earlier.
| Metric | Q1'2610-Q | Q4'2510-Q | Q3'2510-Q | Q2'2510-Q | Q1'2510-Q | Q4'2410-K | Q3'2410-Q | Q2'2410-Q |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Assets | $1.1B-3.9% | $1.1B-6.0% | $1.1B-7.1% | $1.1B-7.6% | $1.1B-26.0% | $1.1B-23.6% | $1.2B-0.9% | $1.2B+0.2% |
| Current Assets | $297.4M-12.0% | $291.4M-19.4% | $334.2M-23.3% | $334.8M-20.8% | $337.9M-27.8% | $361.4M-15.7% | $436.0M+12.4% | $422.9M+12.5% |
| Cash & Equivalents | $41.0M-59.8% | $54.2M-58.3% | $92.5M-0.1% | $103.2M+22.9% | $101.9M-16.5% | $130.1M+49.0% | $92.6M+23.3% | $84.0M+54.4% |
| Short-Term Investments | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Inventory | $136.2M+13.5% | $124.6M+5.6% | $123.9M-0.8% | $119.7M-37.0% | $120.0M-41.0% | $118.0M-7.1% | $124.9M-32.2% | $190.1M-0.9% |
| Accounts Receivable | $109.2M+2.2% | $102.8M-2.1% | $107.7M+1.9% | $101.1M-25.7% | $106.9M-18.3% | $105.0M+15.8% | $105.7M-11.2% | $136.1M+15.3% |
| Long-Term Investments | $83.4M+8.0% | $83.4M+8.0% | $77.2M | $77.2M | $77.2M | $77.2M | $0 | $0 |
| Goodwill | $270.3M+0.2% | $270.3M+0.2% | $270.2M-0.1% | $270.1M-7.2% | $269.8M-50.1% | $269.8M-0.3% | $270.4M-42.6% | $291.2M-38.2% |
| Total Liabilities | $273.7M-19.8% | $275.3M-24.0% | $336.4M-14.6% | $342.2M-19.5% | $341.3M-24.1% | $362.2M-15.5% | $393.9M+108.5% | $425.1M+199.6% |
| Current Liabilities | $90.9M-45.8% | $105.9M-46.4% | $176.0M-5.3% | $167.2M-6.5% | $167.6M-1.6% | $197.6M+20.0% | $185.9M+73.7% | $178.9M+65.0% |
| Non-Current Liabilities | $182.8M+5.2% | $169.4M+2.9% | $160.4M-22.9% | $175.0M-28.9% | $173.7M-37.8% | $164.6M-37.7% | $208.0M+154.0% | $246.2M+634.9% |
| Long-Term Debt | $131.0M+10.1% | $114.0M-14.9% | $104.0M-40.7% | $119.0M-44.0% | $119.0M-51.5% | $134.0M-40.2% | $175.5M+290.0% | $212.4M+372.0% |
| Total Equity | $780.2M+3.2% | $775.8M+2.6% | $751.8M-3.3% | $746.1M-0.9% | $755.8M-26.9% | $756.0M-26.9% | $777.4M-21.7% | $753.0M-27.2% |
| Retained Earnings | -$559.7M+9.1% | -$569.4M+7.2% | -$590.4M+6.6% | -$607.8M+3.9% | -$615.6M-64.9% | -$613.6M-63.3% | -$632.1M-49.4% | -$632.6M-43.8% |
KN Cash Flow Statement
Figures in USD, abbreviated K (thousand), M (million), B (billion), T (trillion). Negative values carry a minus sign and red type. Each change compares the year with the year before it, and each quarter with the same quarter a year earlier.
| Metric | Q1'2610-Q | Q4'2510-Q | Q3'2510-Q | Q2'2510-Q | Q1'2510-Q | Q4'2410-K | Q3'2410-Q | Q2'2410-Q |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating Cash Flow | -$700K-153.8% | N/A | $29.1M-44.9% | $36.4M+46.2% | $1.3M-92.5% | N/A | $52.8M+32.3% | $24.9M+4880.0% |
| Depreciation & Amortization | $9.2M+2.2% | $9.2M-4.2% | $9.0M-2.2% | $9.1M-2.2% | $9.0M-35.7% | $9.6M-24.4% | $9.2M+53.3% | $9.3M-16.2% |
| Stock-Based Compensation | $10.4M+2.0% | N/A | $5.9M+1.7% | $6.3M+6.8% | $10.2M+52.2% | N/A | $5.8M+1.8% | $5.9M-16.9% |
| Capital Expenditures | $10.8M+170.0% | $15.3M+363.6% | $7.7M+108.1% | $5.1M+59.4% | $4.0M+17.6% | $3.3M-35.3% | $3.7M-5.1% | $3.2M-20.0% |
| Free Cash Flow | -$11.5M-325.9% | N/A | $21.4M-56.4% | $31.3M+44.2% | -$2.7M-119.4% | N/A | $49.1M+36.4% | $21.7M+720.0% |
| Investing Cash Flow | -$10.8M-208.6% | -$15.3M-131.7% | -$7.7M-108.1% | -$5.1M-59.4% | -$3.5M-192.1% | $48.3M+134.0% | -$3.7M+5.1% | -$3.2M-139.5% |
| Financing Cash Flow | -$1.8M+93.1% | -$70.3M-56.9% | -$32.1M+22.1% | -$30.3M+49.2% | -$26.2M-292.6% | -$44.8M-147.9% | -$41.2M-171.1% | -$59.6M-927.6% |
| Share Buybacks | $7.5M+50.0% | $10.0M-58.7% | $20.0M+344.4% | $30.0M+20.0% | $5.0M | $24.2M+21.0% | $4.5M-70.0% | $25.0M+400.0% |
Not reported in any period shown, so not listed: Dividends Paid.
KN Financial Ratios
Margins and returns are percentages; the remaining ratios are unitless multiples. Each change compares the year with the year before it, and each quarter with the same quarter a year earlier.
| Metric | Q1'2610-Q | Q4'2510-Q | Q3'2510-Q | Q2'2510-Q | Q1'2510-Q | Q4'2410-K | Q3'2410-Q | Q2'2410-Q |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross Margin | 43.8%+3.5pp | 44.7% | 45.7%+1.6pp | 41.5%+13.3pp | 40.3%+13.2pp | -719.2% | 44.1%-2.5pp | 28.2%-14.4pp |
| Operating Margin | 10.4%+7.4pp | 15.9% | 16.9%+3.7pp | 10.1%+3.9pp | 3.0%+0.5pp | 155.6% | 13.1%+2.6pp | 6.2%-3.6pp |
| Net Margin | 6.3%+7.8pp | 13.0% | 11.4%+11.0pp | 5.3% | -1.5%-2.8pp | 186.9% | 0.4%-15.0pp | -126.7% |
| Return on Equity | 1.2%+1.5pp | 2.7%+0.3pp | 2.3%+2.3pp | 1.1%+35.5pp | -0.3%-0.5pp | 2.5%-2.1pp | 0.1%-1.6pp | -34.4%-35.8pp |
| Return on Assets | 0.9%+1.1pp | 2.0%+0.3pp | 1.6%+1.6pp | 0.7%+22.7pp | -0.2%-0.3pp | 1.7%-1.6pp | 0.0%-1.4pp | -22.0%-23.2pp |
| Current Ratio | 3.27+1.3x | 2.75+0.9x | 1.90-0.4x | 2.00-0.4x | 2.02-0.7x | 1.83-0.8x | 2.35-1.3x | 2.36-1.1x |
| Debt-to-Equity | 0.170.0x | 0.150.0x | 0.14-0.1x | 0.16-0.1x | 0.16-0.1x | 0.180.0x | 0.23+0.2x | 0.28+0.2x |
| Asset Turnover | 0.150.0x | 0.15+0.1x | 0.140.0x | 0.130.0x | 0.120.0x | 0.010.0x | 0.120.0x | 0.170.0x |
| FCF Margin | -7.5%-5.5pp | N/A | 14.0%-20.5pp | 21.4%+10.8pp | -2.0%-9.1pp | N/A | 34.5%+1.2pp | 10.6%+12.6pp |
Reported as filed but not readable as a share of revenue in the periods where the ratio runs further from zero than a revenue base allows; no change figure is given where either compared period is one of those: Gross Margin, Operating Margin, Net Margin.
Similar Companies
Newest fiscal year on record for each company. The health score is the peer-relative Financial Health Score for that year; a dash means no score is published for it.
| Company | Fiscal year | Revenue | Net income | Net margin | Market cap | Health score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KNOWLES CORPORATION KN | FY2025 | $593.2M | $44.2M | 7.4% | $3.2B | 56/100 |
| Bel Fuse Inc BELFB | FY2025 | $675.5M | $74.1M | 11.0% | $3.5B | 64/100 |
| Bel Fuse Inc BELFA | FY2025 | $675.5M | $74.1M | 11.0% | $2.8B | 64/100 |
| Ouster, Inc. OUST | FY2025 | $169.4M | -$60.4M | -35.6% | $2.9B | 66/100 |
| Rogers Corporation ROG | FY2025 | $810.8M | -$61.8M | -7.6% | $2.6B | 51/100 |
| Benchmark Electronics BHE | FY2025 | $2.7B | $24.9M | 0.9% | $2.9B | 56/100 |
Where KNOWLES CORPORATION Ranks
Frequently Asked Questions
What is KNOWLES CORPORATION's annual revenue?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) reported $593.2M in total revenue for fiscal year 2025. This represents a 7.2% change compared to the previous fiscal year. Revenue measures the total income earned from the company's primary business operations before any expenses are deducted.
How fast is KNOWLES CORPORATION's revenue growing?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) revenue grew by 7.2% year-over-year, from $553.5M to $593.2M in fiscal year 2025.
Is KNOWLES CORPORATION profitable?
Yes, KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) reported a net income of $44.2M in fiscal year 2025, with a net profit margin of 7.4%.
What is KNOWLES CORPORATION's EBITDA?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) had EBITDA of $106.6M in fiscal year 2025, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.
How much debt does KNOWLES CORPORATION have?
As of fiscal year 2025, KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) had $54.2M in cash and equivalents against $114.0M in long-term debt.
What is KNOWLES CORPORATION's gross margin?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) had a gross margin of 43.2% in fiscal year 2025, indicating the percentage of revenue retained after direct costs of goods sold.
What is KNOWLES CORPORATION's operating margin?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) had an operating margin of 11.8% in fiscal year 2025, reflecting the profitability of core business operations before interest and taxes.
What is KNOWLES CORPORATION's net profit margin?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) had a net profit margin of 7.4% in fiscal year 2025, representing the share of revenue converted into profit after all expenses.
What is KNOWLES CORPORATION's return on equity (ROE)?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) has a return on equity of 5.7% for fiscal year 2025, measuring how efficiently the company generates profit from shareholder equity.
What are KNOWLES CORPORATION's total assets?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) had $1.1B in total assets as of fiscal year 2025, including both current and long-term assets.
What are KNOWLES CORPORATION's capital expenditures?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) invested $32.1M in capital expenditures during fiscal year 2025, funding long-term assets and infrastructure.
How much does KNOWLES CORPORATION spend on research and development?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) invested $40.2M in research and development during fiscal year 2025.
What is KNOWLES CORPORATION's current ratio?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) had a current ratio of 2.75 as of fiscal year 2025, which is generally considered healthy.
What is KNOWLES CORPORATION's debt-to-equity ratio?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) had a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.15 as of fiscal year 2025, measuring the company's financial leverage by comparing total debt to shareholder equity.
What is KNOWLES CORPORATION's return on assets (ROA)?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) had a return on assets of 4.2% for fiscal year 2025, measuring how efficiently the company uses its assets to generate profit.
What is KNOWLES CORPORATION's P/E ratio?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) trades at 57.4x earnings, its market capitalization divided by net income of $55.9M net income, trailing 12 months to March 31, 2026. The market capitalization is $3.2B as of Oct 10, 2026; a multiple compares that price with a filed figure and says nothing about the quality of the business.
What is KNOWLES CORPORATION's price-to-sales ratio?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) trades at 5.2x sales, its market capitalization divided by revenue of $614.1M revenue, trailing 12 months to March 31, 2026. The market capitalization is $3.2B as of Oct 10, 2026; a multiple compares that price with a filed figure and says nothing about the quality of the business.
What is KNOWLES CORPORATION's Altman Z-Score?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) has an Altman Z-Score of 7.23, placing it in the Safe Zone (low bankruptcy risk). The Z-Score combines five financial ratios (working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market capitalization, and revenue relative to total assets) to predict the likelihood of bankruptcy. Scores above 2.99 indicate financial safety while scores below 1.81 suggest financial distress. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.
What is KNOWLES CORPORATION's Piotroski F-Score?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) has a Piotroski F-Score of 7 out of 7 computable signals; 2 of the nine could not be computed from available data, so the full-scale strength rating is not shown. The F-Score evaluates nine binary signals across profitability (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, earnings quality), leverage (decreasing debt, improving liquidity, no share dilution), and operating efficiency (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Scores of 7 to 9 indicate strong and improving fundamentals. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.
Can KNOWLES CORPORATION cover its interest payments?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) has an interest coverage ratio of 16.74x, meaning it can comfortably cover its interest obligations. This ratio divides operating income by interest expense. Ratios above 5x indicate strong debt-servicing ability, while ratios below 2x suggest the company may face difficulty meeting interest payments if earnings decline. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.
How financially healthy is KNOWLES CORPORATION?
KNOWLES CORPORATION (KN) scores 56 out of 100 on our Financial Health Score, indicating moderate standing within its operating companies peer group. The score is a 0-100 composite of six dimensions (Profitability, Growth, Leverage, Liquidity, Cash Flow, Returns), each ranked as a percentile relative to companies in the same scoring family (banks against banks, REITs against REITs, and so on) rather than across all industries. It rates the quality of the business, not whether the stock is fairly priced, and is not financial advice. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.