Coastal Financial Corporation Announces First Quarter 2025 Results

Q: What caused Coastal Financial (CCB) net income to drop in Q1 2025?

Coastal Financial's net income dropped to $9.7 million in Q1 2025 from $13.4 million in Q4 2024 due to elevated expenses from onboarding new CCBX partnerships, technology investments, and higher legal and professional fees.

Q: How much did Coastal Financial (CCB) deposit base grow in Q1 2025?

Coastal Financial's total deposits grew by $205.9 million (5.7%) to $3.79 billion in Q1 2025 compared to Q4 2024, primarily driven by growth in CCBX partner programs.

Q: What is the loan sale volume for Coastal Financial (CCB) in Q1 2025?

Coastal Financial sold $744.6 million of loans in Q1 2025, mostly credit card receivables, while retaining a portion of the fee income on sold credit card loans.

Q: How many credit cards does Coastal Financial (CCB) service as of March 2025?

As of March 31, 2025, Coastal Financial had 237,024 credit cards with fee earning potential, an increase of 54,575 from Q4 2024 and 210,723 from Q1 2024.

Q: What is Coastal Financial's (CCB) credit risk exposure in its CCBX segment?

Coastal Financial remains 98.8% indemnified against credit risk and fully indemnified against fraud with CCBX partners as of March 31, 2025.

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Insights

Coastal Financial's Q1 results show mixed signals: quarterly profit down 27.5% while investing heavily in growth initiatives and technology.

Coastal Financial Corporation (NASDAQ: CCB) delivered Q1 2025 results with $9.7 million in net income ($0.63 per diluted share), representing a substantial 27.5% decrease from $13.4 million ($0.94 per share) in Q4 2024. However, year-over-year performance improved 42.6% from $6.8 million in Q1 2024.

The quarterly profit decline stems from elevated expenses related to onboarding new Banking-as-a-Service (BaaS) partnerships and technology investments. Noninterest expenses increased 6.8% to $72.0 million, primarily driven by higher salaries, legal/professional expenses, and BaaS loan costs.

Despite the earnings decline, several positive metrics emerged. Total deposits grew by $205.9 million (5.7%) to $3.79 billion. BaaS program fee income reached $6.3 million, up 13% from Q4 and 55.2% year-over-year. The net interest margin improved to 7.48% from 7.23% in Q4.

The company's efficiency ratio deteriorated to 51.59% from 46.02%, indicating costs are growing faster than revenue. Key profitability metrics declined significantly, with ROA falling to 0.93% from 1.30% and ROE dropping to 8.91% from 14.90%.

The credit card business shows strong momentum with 237,024 cards (up 54,575 from Q4), and the company maintains robust risk management with 98.8% credit risk indemnification from partners. Management explicitly framed the increased expenses as front-loaded investments expected to drive future revenue growth.

04/29/2025 - 09:25 AM

EVERETT, Wash., April 29, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Coastal Financial Corporation (Nasdaq: CCB) (the “Company”, "Coastal", "we", "our", or "us"), the holding company for Coastal Community Bank (the “Bank”), through which it operates a community-focused bank segment ("community bank") with an industry leading banking as a service ("BaaS") segment ("CCBX"), today reported unaudited financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, including net income of $9.7 million, or $0.63 per diluted common share, compared to $13.4 million, or $0.94 per diluted common share, for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and $6.8 million, or $0.50 per diluted common share, for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Management Discussion of the First Quarter Results

“First quarter of 2025 was impacted by elevated expenses related to the onboarding and implementation costs of several new partnerships and products within CCBX and investments in technology, however, we anticipate that the revenue and earnings from these investments will be highly valuable over the long-term,” stated CEO Eric Sprink. “We saw high quality deposit growth of $205.9 million during the first quarter, and our CCBX program fee income continued to increase, up 55.2% compared to the same period in 2024.”

Key Points for First Quarter and Our Go-Forward Strategy

Positive Growth Trends within CCBX Continue. As of March 31, 2025 we had two partners in testing, three in implementation/onboarding, one signed LOI and have an active pipeline of new partners and new products with existing partners for the balance of 2025 and into 2026. Total BaaS program fee income was $6.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, an increase of $724,000, or 13.0%, from the three months ended December 31, 2024. We remain fully indemnified against fraud and 98.8% indemnified against credit risk with our CCBX partners as of March 31, 2025.

Investments for Growth Continues. Total noninterest expense of $72.0 million was up $4.6 million, or 6.8%, as compared to $67.4 million in the quarter ended December 31, 2024, mainly driven by higher salaries and employee benefits, legal and professional expenses and BaaS loan expense partially offset by lower BaaS fraud expense. As we increase the number of new CCBX partners and products with existing partners launching in 2025, we expect that expenses will tend to be front-loaded with a focus on compliance and operational risk before any new programs or products generate significant revenues. We remain focused on building our future revenue sources.

Strong Deposit Growth, Off Balance Sheet Activity Update. Total deposits of $3.79 billion, an increase of $205.9 million, or 5.7%, over the quarter ended December 31, 2024, driven primarily by growth in CCBX partner programs. On April 1, 2025 we launched the T-Mobile deposit program and those deposits will be reflected in the second quarter deposit totals. During the first quarter of 2025, we sold $744.6 million of loans, the majority of which were credit card receivables. We retain a portion of the fee income on sold credit card loans. As of March 31, 2025 there were 237,024 credit cards with fee earning potential, an increase of 54,575 compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2024 and an increase of 210,723 from March 31, 2024.

First Quarter 2025 Financial Highlights

The tables below outline some of our key operating metrics.

	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data; unaudited)	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024			September 30, 2024			June 30, 2024			March 31, 2024
Income Statement Data:
Interest and dividend income	$	104,907		$	102,448		$	105,165		$	97,422		$	91,742
Interest expense		28,845			30,071			32,892			31,250			29,536
Net interest income		76,062			72,377			72,273			66,172			62,206
Provision for credit losses		55,781			61,867			70,257			62,325			83,158
Net interest (expense)/ income after provision for credit losses		20,281			10,510			2,016			3,847			(20,952	)
Noninterest income		63,477			74,100			78,790			69,138			86,176
Noninterest expense		71,989			67,411			64,424			57,964			56,509
Provision for income tax		2,039			3,832			2,926			3,425			1,915
Net income		9,730			13,367			13,456			11,596			6,800

	As of and for the Three Month Period
	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024			September 30, 2024			June 30, 2024			March 31, 2024
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	624,302		$	452,513		$	484,026		$	487,245		$	515,128
Investment securities		46,991			47,321			48,620			49,213			50,090
Loans held for sale		42,132			20,600			7,565			—			797
Loans receivable		3,517,359			3,486,565			3,413,894			3,321,813			3,195,101
Allowance for credit losses		(183,178	)		(176,994	)		(171,674	)		(148,878	)		(139,941	)
Total assets		4,339,282			4,121,208			4,064,472			3,959,549			3,863,062
Interest bearing deposits		3,251,599			3,057,808			3,047,861			2,949,643			2,888,867
Noninterest bearing deposits		539,630			527,524			579,427			593,789			574,112
Core deposits ⁽¹⁾		3,321,772			3,123,434			3,190,869			3,528,339			3,447,864
Total deposits		3,791,229			3,585,332			3,627,288			3,543,432			3,462,979
Total borrowings		47,923			47,884			47,847			47,810			47,771
Total shareholders’ equity		449,917			438,704			331,930			316,693			303,709

Share and Per Share Data ⁽²⁾:
Earnings per share – basic	$	0.65		$	0.97		$	1.00		$	0.86		$	0.51
Earnings per share – diluted	$	0.63		$	0.94		$	0.97		$	0.84		$	0.50
Dividends per share		—			—			—			—			—
Book value per share ⁽³⁾	$	29.98		$	29.37		$	24.51		$	23.54		$	22.65
Tangible book value per share ⁽⁴⁾	$	29.98		$	29.37		$	24.51		$	23.54		$	22.65
Weighted avg outstanding shares – basic		14,962,507			13,828,605			13,447,066			13,412,667			13,340,997
Weighted avg outstanding shares – diluted		15,462,041			14,268,229			13,822,270			13,736,508			13,676,917
Shares outstanding at end of period		15,009,225			14,935,298			13,543,282			13,453,805			13,407,320
Stock options outstanding at end of period		163,932			186,354			198,370			286,119			309,069

See footnotes that follow the tables below

	As of and for the Three Month Period
	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024			September 30, 2024			June 30, 2024			March 31, 2024
Credit Quality Data:
Nonperforming assets ⁽⁵⁾ to total assets		1.30	%		1.52	%		1.63	%		1.34	%		1.42	%
Nonperforming assets⁽⁵⁾to loans receivable and OREO		1.60	%		1.80	%		1.94	%		1.60	%		1.72	%
Nonperforming loans ⁽⁵⁾ to total loans receivable		1.60	%		1.80	%		1.94	%		1.60	%		1.72	%
Allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans		325.0	%		282.5	%		257.2	%		278.6	%		254.3	%
Allowance for credit losses to total loans receivable		5.21	%		5.08	%		5.03	%		4.45	%		4.35	%
Gross charge-offs	$	53,686		$	61,585		$	53,305		$	55,207		$	58,994
Gross recoveries	$	5,486		$	5,223		$	4,516		$	2,254		$	2,036
Net charge-offs to average loans ⁽⁶⁾		5.57	%		6.56	%		5.60	%		6.54	%		7.30	%

Capital Ratios:
Company
Tier 1 leverage capital		10.67	%		10.78	%		8.40	%		8.31	%		8.24	%
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital		12.13	%		12.04	%		9.24	%		9.03	%		8.98	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital		12.22	%		12.14	%		9.34	%		9.13	%		9.08	%
Total risk-based capital		14.73	%		14.67	%		11.89	%		11.70	%		11.70	%
Bank
Tier 1 leverage capital		10.57	%		10.64	%		9.29	%		9.24	%		9.19	%
Common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital		12.12	%		11.99	%		10.34	%		10.15	%		10.14	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital		12.12	%		11.99	%		10.34	%		10.15	%		10.14	%
Total risk-based capital		13.42	%		13.28	%		11.63	%		11.44	%		11.43	%

⁽¹⁾	Core deposits are defined as all deposits excluding brokered and time deposits.
⁽²⁾	Share and per share amounts are based on total actual or average common shares outstanding, as applicable.
⁽³⁾	We calculate book value per share as total shareholders’ equity at the end of the relevant period divided by the outstanding number of our common shares at the end of each period.
⁽⁴⁾	Tangible book value per share is a non-GAAP financial measure. We calculate tangible book value per share as total shareholders’ equity at the end of the relevant period, less goodwill and other intangible assets, divided by the outstanding number of our common shares at the end of each period. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is book value per share. We had no goodwill or other intangible assets as of any of the dates indicated. As a result, tangible book value per share is the same as book value per share as of each of the dates indicated.
⁽⁵⁾	Nonperforming assets and nonperforming loans include loans 90+ days past due and accruing interest.
⁽⁶⁾	Annualized calculations.

Key Performance Ratios

Return on average assets ("ROA") was 0.93% for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 compared to 1.30% and 0.73% for the quarters ended December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2024, respectively. ROA for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, decreased 0.37% and increased 0.19% compared to December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2024, respectively. Noninterest expenses were higher for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2024 largely due to higher salaries and employee benefits, due to annual pay increases and for new hires that contribute to our continued investments in growth, technology and risk management, legal and professional expenses and increased BaaS loan expense, which is directly related to interest earned on CCBX loans. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in BaaS fraud expense. Noninterest expenses were higher than the quarter ended March 31, 2024 due primarily to an increase in salaries and employee benefits, data processing and software licenses and legal and professional expenses, all of which are related to the growth of Company and investments in technology and risk management.

Legal and professional fees in first quarter were elevated in multiple areas including compliance, BSA, audit, legal and projects as we prepare for new partners, and we may experience a similar level of expenses again in second quarter before returning to a more historical level in third quarter 2025.

Yield on earning assets and yield on loans receivable increased 0.07% and 0.23%, respectively, for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2024. Average loans receivable as of March 31, 2025 increased $92.2 million compared to December 31, 2024 as net CCBX loans continue to grow, despite selling $744.6 million in CCBX loans during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

The following table shows the Company’s key performance ratios for the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended
(unaudited)	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024			September 30, 2024			June 30, 2024			March 31, 2024

Return on average assets ⁽¹⁾		0.93	%		1.30	%		1.34	%		1.21	%		0.73	%
Return on average equity ⁽¹⁾		8.91	%		14.90	%		16.67	%		15.22	%		9.21	%
Yield on earnings assets ⁽¹⁾		10.32	%		10.24	%		10.79	%		10.49	%		10.21	%
Yield on loans receivable⁽¹⁾		11.33	%		11.12	%		11.44	%		11.22	%		11.01	%
Cost of funds⁽¹⁾		3.11	%		3.24	%		3.62	%		3.60	%		3.52	%
Cost of deposits ⁽¹⁾		3.08	%		3.21	%		3.59	%		3.58	%		3.49	%
Net interest margin ⁽¹⁾		7.48	%		7.23	%		7.42	%		7.12	%		6.92	%
Noninterest expense to average assets ⁽¹⁾		6.87	%		6.54	%		6.42	%		6.05	%		6.10	%
Noninterest income to average assets⁽¹⁾		6.06	%		7.19	%		7.85	%		7.22	%		9.30	%
Efficiency ratio		51.59	%		46.02	%		42.65	%		42.84	%		38.08	%
Loans receivable to deposits ⁽²⁾		93.89	%		97.82	%		94.33	%		93.75	%		92.29	%

⁽¹⁾	Annualized calculations shown for quarterly periods presented.
⁽²⁾	Includes loans held for sale.

Management Outlook; CEO Eric Sprink

“Looking ahead to the balance of 2025, elevated onboarding activity is expected to continue into the second quarter as our CCBX pipeline remains very robust with high quality and potentially impactful opportunities. We plan to continue to invest in and enhance our technology and risk management infrastructure to support our next phase of CCBX growth. Our risk reduction efforts, namely our fraud and credit indemnifications via our partners, continued to function as expected despite the volatile macroeconomics conditions towards the end of first quarter. These efforts, plus additional growth in noninterest income should help mitigate the uncertainties associated with fluctuating interest rates and provide a stable, recurring income source.” said CEO Eric Sprink.

Coastal Financial Corporation Overview

The Company has one main subsidiary, the Bank, which consists of three segments: CCBX, the community bank and treasury & administration. The CCBX segment includes all of our BaaS activities, the community bank segment includes all community banking activities and the treasury & administration segment includes treasury management, overall administration and all other aspects of the Company.

CCBX Performance Update

Our CCBX segment continues to evolve, and we have 25 relationships, at varying stages, including two partners in testing, three in implementation/onboarding, one signed LOI as of March 31, 2025. We continue to refine the criteria for CCBX partnerships, exploring relationships with larger more established partners, with experienced management teams, existing customer bases and strong financial positions. We also will consider promising medium and smaller sized partners that align with our approach and terms including financial wherewithal and will continue to exit relationships where it makes sense for us to do so.

While we explore relationships with new partners we continue to expand our product offerings with existing CCBX partners. As we become more proficient in the BaaS space we aim to cultivate new relationships that align with our long-term goals. We believe that a strategy of adding new partnerships and launching new products with existing partners allows us to expand and grow our customer base with a modest increase in regulatory risk given our operational history with them. Increases in partner activity/transaction counts is positively impacting noninterest income and we expect this trend to continue as current products grow and new products are introduced . We plan to continue selling loans as part of our strategy to balance partner and lending limits, and manage the loan portfolio and credit quality. We retain a portion of the fee income for our role in processing transactions on sold credit card balances, and will continue this strategy to provide an on-going and passive revenue source with no on balance sheet risk or capital requirement.

On April 1, 2025, we went live with the T-Mobile deposit program and our second quarter deposits will include those balances. As we build our deposit base, we will be able to sweep deposits off and on the balance sheet as needed. This deposit sweep capability allows us to better manage liquidity and deposit programs. At March 31, 2025 we swept off $406.3 million in deposits for FDIC insurance and liquidity purposes. We are also launching a new suite of deposit products with RobinHood, which are expected to launch in the back half of 2025. The introduction of theses products are expected to increase deposits.

The following table illustrates the activity and evolution in CCBX relationships for the periods presented.

	As of
(unaudited)	March 31, 2025	December 31, 2024	March 31, 2024
Active	19	19	19
Friends and family / testing	2	1	1
Implementation / onboarding	3	1	1
Signed letters of intent	1	3	0
Total CCBX relationships	25	24	21

CCBX loans increased $47.2 million, or 2.9%, to $1.65 billion despite selling $744.6 million in loans during the three months ended March 31, 2025. In accordance with the program agreement for one partner, effective April 1, 2024, the portion of the CCBX portfolio that we are responsible for losses on decreased from 10% to 5%. At March 31, 2025 the portion of this portfolio for which we are responsible represented $19.9 million in loans.

The following table details the CCBX loan portfolio:

CCBX	As of
	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024						March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Balance			% to Total			Balance			% to Total			Balance			% to Total
Commercial and industrial loans:
Capital call lines	$	133,466			8.1	%	$	109,017			6.8	%	$	135,671			10.3	%
All other commercial & industrial loans		29,702			1.8			33,961			2.1			47,160			3.6
Real estate loans:
Residential real estate loans		285,355			17.3			267,707			16.7			265,148			20.2
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards		532,775			32.2			528,554			33.0			505,706			38.6
Other consumer and other loans		670,026			40.6			664,780			41.4			358,528			27.3
Gross CCBX loans receivable		1,651,324			100.0	%		1,604,019			100.0	%		1,312,213			100.0	%
Net deferred origination (fees) costs		(498	)					(442	)					(394	)
Loans receivable	$	1,650,826					$	1,603,577					$	1,311,819
Loan Yield - CCBX ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		16.88	%					16.81	%					17.74	%

⁽¹⁾	CCBX yield does not include the impact of BaaS loan expense. BaaS loan expense represents the amount paid or payable to partners for credit enhancements and originating & servicing CCBX loans. See reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures at the end of this earnings release for the impact of BaaS loan expense on CCBX loan yield.
⁽²⁾	Loan yield is annualized for the three months ended for each period presented and includes loans held for sale and nonaccrual loans.

The increase in CCBX loans in the quarter ended March 31, 2025, includes an increase of $24.4 million, or 22.4%, in capital call lines as a result of normal balance fluctuations and business activities, an increase of $17.6 million, or 6.6%, in residential real estate loans and an increase of $9.5 million or 0.8%, in other consumer and other loans. We continue to monitor and manage the CCBX loan portfolio, and sold $744.6 million in CCBX loans during the quarter ended March 31, 2025 compared to sales of $845.5 million in the quarter ended December 31, 2024. We continue to reposition ourselves by managing CCBX credit and concentration levels in an effort to optimize our loan portfolio earnings and generate off balance sheet fee income. CCBX loan yield increased 0.07% for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2024.

The following chart shows the growth in credit card accounts that generate fee income. This includes accounts with balances, which are included in our loan totals, and accounts that have been sold and have no corresponding balance in our loan totals, and that generate fee income.

CCBX Credit Cards

The following table details the CCBX deposit portfolio:

CCBX	As of
	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024						March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Balance			% to Total			Balance			% to Total			Balance			% to Total
Demand, noninterest bearing	$	58,416			2.6	%	$	55,686			2.7	%	$	58,669			2.9	%
Interest bearing demand and money market		2,145,608			94.6			1,958,459			94.9			1,964,942			96.8
Savings		16,625			0.7			5,710			0.3			5,338			0.3
Total core deposits		2,220,649			97.9			2,019,855			97.9			2,028,949			100.0
Other deposits		46,359			2.1			44,233			2.1			—			—
Total CCBX deposits	$	2,267,008			100.0	%	$	2,064,088			100.0	%	$	2,028,949			100.0	%
Cost of deposits ⁽¹⁾		4.01	%					4.19	%					4.93	%

⁽¹⁾	Cost of deposits is annualized for the three months ended for each period presented.

CCBX deposits increased $202.9 million, or 9.8%, in the three months ended March 31, 2025 to $2.27 billion as a result of growth and normal balance fluctuations. This excludes the $406.3 million in CCBX deposits that were transferred off balance sheet for increased Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance coverage and sweep purposes, compared to $273.2 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2024. Amounts in excess of FDIC insurance coverage are transferred, using a third-party facilitator/vendor sweep product, to participating financial institutions.

Community Bank Performance Update

In the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the community bank saw net loans decrease $16.5 million, or 0.9%, to $1.87 billion, as a result of normal balance fluctuations.

The following table details the Community Bank loan portfolio:

Community Bank	As of
	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024						March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Balance			% to Total			Balance			% to Total			Balance			% to Total
Commercial and industrial loans	$	149,104			8.0	%	$	150,395			8.0	%	$	154,395			8.2	%
Real estate loans:
Construction, land and land development loans		166,551			8.9			148,198			7.8			160,862			8.5
Residential real estate loans		202,920			10.8			202,064			10.7			231,157			12.2
Commercial real estate loans		1,340,647			71.6			1,374,801			72.8			1,342,489			71.0
Consumer and other loans:
Other consumer and other loans		13,326			0.7			13,542			0.7			1,447			0.1
Gross Community Bank loans receivable		1,872,548			100.0	%		1,889,000			100.0	%		1,890,350			100.0	%
Net deferred origination fees		(6,015	)					(6,012	)					(7,068	)
Loans receivable	$	1,866,533					$	1,882,988					$	1,883,282
Loan Yield⁽¹⁾		6.53	%					6.53	%					6.46	%

⁽¹⁾	Loan yield is annualized for the three months ended for each period presented and includes loans held for sale and nonaccrual loans.

Community bank loans decreased $34.2 million in commercial real estate loans, $1.3 million in commercial and industrial loans and $216,000 in consumer and other loans, partially offset by an increase of $18.4 million in construction, land and land development loans, during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

The following table details the community bank deposit portfolio:

Community Bank	As of
	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024						March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Balance			% to Total			Balance			% to Total			Balance			% to Total
Demand, noninterest bearing	$	481,214			31.5	%	$	471,838			31.0	%	$	515,443			35.9	%
Interest bearing demand and money market		560,416			36.8			570,625			37.5			834,725			58.2
Savings		59,493			3.9			61,116			4.0			68,747			4.8
Total core deposits		1,101,123			72.2			1,103,579			72.5			1,418,915			99.0
Other deposits		407,391			26.7			400,118			26.3			1			0.0
Time deposits less than $100,000		5,585			0.4			5,920			0.4			7,199			0.5
Time deposits $100,000 and over		10,122			0.7			11,627			0.8			7,915			0.6
Total Community Bank deposits	$	1,524,221			100.0	%	$	1,521,244			100.0	%	$	1,434,030			100.0	%
Cost of deposits⁽¹⁾		1.76	%					1.86	%					1.66	%

⁽¹⁾	Cost of deposits is annualized for the three months ended for each period presented.

Community bank deposits increased $3.0 million, or 0.2%, during the three months ended March 31, 2025 to $1.52 billion as result of normal balance fluctuations. The community bank segment includes noninterest bearing deposits of $481.2 million, or 31.5%, of total community bank deposits, resulting in a cost of deposits of 1.76%, which compared to 1.86% for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, largely due to the decreases in the Fed funds rate late in the third quarter and during the fourth quarter of 2024.

Net Interest Income and Margin Discussion

Net interest income was $76.1 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, an increase of $3.7 million, or 5.1%, from $72.4 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, and an increase of $13.9 million, or 22.3%, from $62.2 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. Net interest income compared to December 31, 2024, was higher due to an increase in average loans receivable, an increase in loan yield and a decrease in cost of funds. The increase in net interest income compared to March 31, 2024 was largely related to growth in higher yielding loans, partially offset by an increase in cost of funds relating to higher interest rates and growth in interest bearing deposits.

Net interest margin was 7.48% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to 7.23% for the three months ended December 31, 2024, largely due to higher loan yield and lower cost of deposits. Net interest margin, net of BaaS loan expense, (a reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures are set forth in the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of this earnings release) was 4.28% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to 4.16% for the three months ended December 31, 2024. Net interest margin was 6.92% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase in net interest margin for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024 was largely due to an increase in loan yield, partially offset by higher interest rates on interest bearing deposits. Interest and fees on loans receivable increased $2.6 million, or 2.7%, to $98.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $95.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024, as a result of loan growth. Interest and fees on loans receivable increased $12.3 million, or 14.3%, compared to $85.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, due to an increase in outstanding balances and higher interest rates. Net interest margin, net of BaaS loan expense (a reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures are set forth in the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of this earnings release) increased 0.12% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended December 31, 2024 and increased 0.26% compared the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The following tables illustrate how net interest margin and loan yield is affected by BaaS loan expense:

Consolidated	As of and for the Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	March 31 2025			December 31 2024			March 31 2024
Net interest margin, net of BaaS loan expense:
Net interest margin ⁽¹⁾		7.48	%		7.23	%		6.92	%
Earning assets		4,124,065			3,980,078			3,613,769
Net interest income (GAAP)		76,062			72,377			62,206
Less: BaaS loan expense		(32,507	)		(30,720	)		(26,107	)
Net interest income, net of BaaS loan expense⁽²⁾	$	43,555		$	41,657		$	36,099
Net interest margin, net of BaaS loan expense ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		4.28	%		4.16	%		4.02	%
Loan income net of BaaS loan expense divided by average loans:
Loan yield (GAAP)⁽¹⁾		11.33	%		11.12	%		11.01	%
Total average loans receivable	$	3,511,724		$	3,419,476		$	3,137,271
Interest and earned fee income on loans (GAAP)		98,147			95,575			85,891
BaaS loan expense		(32,507	)		(30,720	)		(26,107	)
Net loan income⁽²⁾	$	65,640		$	64,855		$	59,784
Loan income, net of BaaS loan expense, divided by average loans ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		7.58	%		7.55	%		7.66	%

⁽¹⁾	Annualized calculations shown for periods presented.
⁽²⁾	A reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures are set forth at the end of this earnings release.

Average investment securities decreased $974,000 to $47.2 million compared to the three months ended December 31, 2024 and decreased $68.2 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024 as a result of principal paydowns and maturing securities.

Cost of funds was 3.11% for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, a decrease of 13 basis points from the quarter ended December 31, 2024 and a decrease of 42 basis points from the quarter ended March 31, 2024. Cost of deposits for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 was 3.08%, compared to 3.21% for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, and 3.49% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. The decreased cost of funds and deposits compared to December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2024 were largely due to the recent reductions in the Fed funds rate.

The following table summarizes the average yield on loans receivable and cost of deposits:

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024						March 31, 2024
	Yield on Loans ⁽²⁾			Cost of Deposits ⁽²⁾			Yield on Loans ⁽²⁾			Cost of Deposits ⁽²⁾			Yield on Loans ⁽²⁾			Cost of Deposits ⁽²⁾
Community Bank		6.53	%		1.76	%		6.53	%		1.86	%		6.46	%		1.66	%
CCBX ⁽¹⁾		16.88	%		4.01	%		16.81	%		4.19	%		17.74	%		4.93	%
Consolidated		11.33	%		3.08	%		11.12	%		3.21	%		11.01	%		3.49	%

⁽¹⁾	CCBX yield on loans does not include the impact of BaaS loan expense. BaaS loan expense represents the amount paid or payable to partners for credit and fraud enhancements and originating & servicing CCBX loans. To determine Net BaaS loan income earned from CCBX loan relationships, the Company takes BaaS loan interest income and deducts BaaS loan expense to arrive at Net BaaS loan income which can be compared to interest income on the Company’s community bank loans. See reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures at the end of this earnings release for the impact of BaaS loan expense on CCBX loan yield.
⁽²⁾	Annualized calculations for periods presented.

The following table illustrates how BaaS loan interest income is affected by BaaS loan expense resulting in net BaaS loan income and the associated yield:

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2025					December 31, 2024					March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)	Income / Expense		Income / expense divided by average CCBX loans ⁽²⁾			Income / Expense		Income / expense divided by average CCBX loans⁽²⁾			Income / Expense		Income / expense divided by average CCBX loans ⁽²⁾
BaaS loan interest income	$	67,855		16.88	%	$	64,532		16.81	%	$	55,839		17.74	%
Less: BaaS loan expense		32,507		8.09	%		30,720		8.00	%		26,107		8.29	%
Net BaaS loan income⁽¹⁾	$	35,348		8.79	%	$	33,812		8.81	%	$	29,732		9.45	%
Average BaaS Loans⁽³⁾	$	1,630,088				$	1,527,178				$	1,265,857

⁽¹⁾	A reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures are set forth at the end of this earnings release.
⁽²⁾	Annualized calculations shown for the periods presented.
⁽³⁾	Includes loans held for sale.

Noninterest Income Discussion

Noninterest income was $63.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, a decrease of $10.6 million from $74.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024, and a decrease of $22.7 million from $86.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease in noninterest income for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2024 was primarily due to a decrease of $10.8 million in total BaaS income. The $10.8 million decrease in total BaaS income included an $8.4 million decrease in BaaS credit enhancements related to the provision for credit losses and a $3.1 million decrease in BaaS fraud enhancements partially offset by an increase of $724,000 in BaaS program income. The $724,000 increase in BaaS program income is largely due to higher reimbursement of CCBX partner expenses and an increase in transaction and interchange fees and servicing and other BaaS fees, (see “Appendix B” for more information on the accounting for BaaS allowance for credit losses and credit and fraud enhancements).

The $22.7 million decrease in noninterest income over the quarter ended March 31, 2024 was primarily due to a $25.1 million decrease in BaaS credit and fraud enhancements and an increase of $2.2 million in BaaS program income.

Noninterest Expense Discussion

Total noninterest expense increased $4.6 million to $72.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $67.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024, and increased $15.5 million from $56.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The $4.6 million increase in noninterest expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2024, was primarily due to a $3.5 million increase in salaries and benefits, $1.9 million increase in legal and professional fees, and $1.8 million increase in BaaS loan expense, partially offset by a $3.1 million decrease in BaaS fraud expense. The salaries and benefits and legal and professional fees increases were part of our continued investments in growth, technology and risk management. BaaS loan expense represents the amount paid or payable to partners for credit enhancements, fraud enhancements, and originating & servicing CCBX loans. BaaS fraud expense represents non-credit fraud losses on partner’s customer loan and deposit accounts. A portion of this expense is realized during the quarter in which the loss occurs, and a portion is estimated based on historical or other information from our partners.

The increase in noninterest expenses for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2024 was largely due to a $6.4 million increase in BaaS loan expense, a $1.1 million increase in BaaS fraud expense, a $2.8 million increase in legal and professional expenses, a $3.5 million increase in salary and employee benefits, and a $1.3 million increase in data processing and software licenses due to enhancements in technology all of which are related to the growth of Company and investments in technology and risk management.

Certain noninterest expenses are reimbursed by our CCBX partners. In accordance with GAAP we recognize all expenses in noninterest expense and the reimbursement of expenses from our CCBX partner in noninterest income. The following table reflects the portion of noninterest expenses that are reimbursed by partners to assist the understanding of how the increases in noninterest expense are related to expenses incurred for and reimbursed by CCBX partners:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,		December 31,		March 31,
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)		2025		2024		2024
Total noninterest expense (GAAP)	$	71,989	$	67,411	$	56,509
Less: BaaS loan expense		32,507		30,720		26,107
Less: BaaS fraud expense		1,993		5,043		923
Less: Reimbursement of expenses (BaaS)		1,026		812		254
Noninterest expense, net of BaaS loan expense, BaaS fraud expense and reimbursement of expenses (BaaS)⁽¹⁾	$	36,463	$	30,836	$	29,225

⁽¹⁾	A reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures are set forth at the end of this earnings release.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes was $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, $3.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and $1.9 million for the first quarter of 2024. The income tax provision was lower for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2024 as a result of the deductibility of certain equity awards which reduced tax expense during the quarter ended March 31, 2025, and was higher compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to higher net income compared to that quarter, partially offset by the deductibility of certain equity awards.

The Company is subject to various state taxes that are assessed as CCBX activities and employees expand into other states, which has increased the overall tax rate used in calculating the provision for income taxes in the current and future periods. The Company uses a federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% as a basis for calculating provision for federal income taxes and 2.55% for calculating the provision for state income taxes.

Financial Condition Overview

Total assets increased $218.1 million, or 5.3%, to $4.34 billion at March 31, 2025 compared to $4.12 billion at December 31, 2024. The increase is primarily comprised of a $171.8 million increase in cash and a $30.8 million increase in loans receivable. Total loans receivable increased to $3.52 billion at March 31, 2025, from $3.49 billion at December 31, 2024.

As of March 31, 2025, in addition to the $624.3 million in cash on hand the Company had the capacity to borrow up to a total of $662.4 million from the Federal Reserve Bank discount window and Federal Home Loan Bank, plus an additional $50.0 million from a correspondent bank. There were no borrowings outstanding on these lines as of March 31, 2025.

The Company, on a stand alone basis, had a cash balance of $45.5 million as of March 31, 2025, which is retained for general operating purposes, including debt repayment, for funding $468,000 in commitments to bank technology investment funds and $40.0 million is available to be contributed to the Bank as capital.

Uninsured deposits were $558.8 million as of March 31, 2025, compared to $543.0 million as of December 31, 2024.

Total shareholders’ equity as of March 31, 2025 increased $11.2 million since December 31, 2024. The increase in shareholders’ equity was primarily comprised of an increase of $1.5 million in common stock outstanding as a result of equity awards exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2025 combined with $9.7 million in net earnings.

The Company and the Bank remained well capitalized at March 31, 2025, as summarized in the following table.

(unaudited)	Coastal Community Bank			Coastal Financial Corporation			Minimum Well Capitalized Ratios under Prompt Corrective Action ⁽¹⁾
Tier 1 Leverage Capital (to average assets)		10.57	%		10.67	%		5.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)		12.12	%		12.13	%		6.50	%
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)		12.12	%		12.22	%		8.00	%
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets)		13.42	%		14.73	%		10.00	%

⁽¹⁾

Presents the minimum capital ratios for an insured depository institution, such as the Bank, to be considered well capitalized under the Prompt Corrective Action framework. The minimum requirements for the Company to be considered well capitalized under Regulation Y include to maintain, on a consolidated basis, a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0 percent or greater and a tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0 percent or greater.

Asset Quality

The total allowance for credit losses was $183.2 million and 5.21% of loans receivable at March 31, 2025 compared to $177.0 million and 5.08% at December 31, 2024 and $139.9 million and 4.38% at March 31, 2024. The allowance for credit loss allocated to the CCBX portfolio was $164.2 million and 9.95% of CCBX loans receivable at March 31, 2025, with $19.0 million of allowance for credit loss allocated to the community bank or 1.02% of total community bank loans receivable.

The following table details the allocation of the allowance for credit loss as of the period indicated:

	As of March 31, 2025									As of December 31, 2024									As of March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Community Bank			CCBX			Total			Community Bank			CCBX			Total			Community Bank			CCBX			Total
Loans receivable	$	1,866,533		$	1,650,826		$	3,517,359		$	1,882,988		$	1,603,577		$	3,486,565		$	1,883,282		$	1,311,819		$	3,195,101
Allowance for credit losses		(18,992	)		(164,186	)		(183,178	)		(18,924	)		(158,070	)		(176,994	)		(21,384	)		(118,557	)		(139,941	)
Allowance for credit losses to total loans receivable		1.02	%		9.95	%		5.21	%		1.00	%		9.86	%		5.08	%		1.14	%		9.04	%		4.38	%

Net charge-offs totaled $48.2 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, compared to $56.4 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2024 and $57.0 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. Net charge-offs as a percent of average loans decreased to 5.57% for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 compared to 6.56% for the quarter ended December 31, 2024. CCBX partner agreements provide for a credit enhancement that covers the net-charge-offs on CCBX loans and negative deposit accounts by indemnifying or reimbursing incurred losses, except in accordance with the program agreement for one partner where the Company was responsible for credit losses on approximately 5% of a $299.8 million loan portfolio. At March 31, 2025, our portion of this portfolio represented $19.9 million in loans. Net charge-offs for this $19.9 million in loans were $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The following table details net charge-offs for the community bank and CCBX for the period indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2025									December 31, 2024									March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Community Bank			CCBX			Total			Community Bank			CCBX			Total			Community Bank			CCBX			Total
Gross charge-offs	$	4		$	53,682		$	53,686		$	139		$	61,446		$	61,585		$	15		$	58,979		$	58,994
Gross recoveries		(7	)		(5,479	)		(5,486	)		(3	)		(5,220	)		(5,223	)		(4	)		(2,032	)		(2,036	)
Net charge-offs	$	(3	)	$	48,203		$	48,200		$	136		$	56,226		$	56,362		$	11		$	56,947		$	56,958
Net charge-offs to average loans ⁽¹⁾		0.00	%		11.99	%		5.57	%		0.03	%		14.65	%		6.56	%		0.00	%		18.09	%		7.30	%

⁽¹⁾	Annualized calculations shown for periods presented.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, a $54.3 million provision for credit losses was recorded for CCBX partner loans, compared to the $63.7 million provision for credit losses was recorded for CCBX partner loans for the quarter ended December 31, 2024. The provision was based on management's analysis, bringing the CCBX allowance for credit losses to $164.2 million at March 31, 2025 compared to $158.1 million at December 31, 2024. The increase in the allowance is due to the addition of new loans, partially offset by loan sales. CCBX loans have a higher level of expected losses than our community bank loans, which is reflected in the factors for the allowance for credit losses. Agreements with our CCBX partners provide for a credit enhancement which protects the Bank by indemnifying or reimbursing incurred losses.

In accordance with accounting guidance, we estimate and record a provision for expected losses for these CCBX loans and reclassified negative deposit accounts. When the provision for CCBX credit losses and provision for unfunded commitments is recorded, a credit enhancement asset is also recorded on the balance sheet through noninterest income (BaaS credit enhancements). Expected losses are recorded in the allowance for credit losses. The credit enhancement asset is relieved when credit enhancement recoveries are received from the CCBX partner. If our partner is unable to fulfill their contracted obligations then the Bank could be exposed to additional credit losses. Management regularly evaluates and manages this counterparty risk.

The factors used in management’s analysis for community bank credit losses indicated that a provision of $65,000 was needed for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 compared to a provision recapture of $1.1 million and $199,000 for the quarters ended December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2024, respectively. The provision in the current period was due to a change in the mix of the community bank loan portfolio and growth in construction loans.

The following table details the provision expense/(recapture) for the community bank and CCBX for the period indicated:

	Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024			March 31, 2024
Community bank	$	65	$	(1,071	)	$	(199	)
CCBX		54,319		63,741			79,717
Total provision expense	$	54,384	$	62,670		$	79,518

A provision for unfunded commitments of $613,000 was recorded for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 as a result of a change in the loan mix of available balance. A provision for accrued interest receivable of $784,000 was recorded for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 on CCBX loans.

At March 31, 2025, our nonperforming assets were $56.4 million, or 1.30%, of total assets, compared to $62.7 million, or 1.52%, of total assets, at December 31, 2024, and $54.9 million, or 1.42%, of total assets, at March 31, 2024. These ratios are impacted by nonperforming CCBX loans that are covered by CCBX partner credit enhancements. As of March 31, 2025, $54.1 million of the $56.2 million in nonperforming CCBX loans were covered by CCBX partner credit enhancements described above.

Nonperforming assets decreased $6.3 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2025, compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2024. This change is due to a decrease in CCBX loans 90 days or more past due and still on accrual. Community bank nonperforming loans increased $89,000 from December 31, 2024 to $189,000 as of March 31, 2025, and CCBX nonperforming loans decreased $6.4 million to $56.2 million from December 31, 2024. The decrease in CCBX nonperforming loans is due to a $7.1 million decrease in CCBX loans that are past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest partially offset by an increase of $707,000 in nonaccrual loans from December 31, 2024 to $20.2 million. Some CCBX partners have a collection practice that places certain loans on nonaccrual status to improve collectability. $16.1 million of these loans are less than 90 days past due as of March 31, 2025. As a result of the type of loans (primarily consumer loans) originated through our CCBX partners we anticipate that balances 90 days past due or more and still accruing will generally increase as those loan portfolios grow. Installment/closed-end and revolving/open-end consumer loans originated through CCBX lending partners will continue to accrue interest until 120 and 180 days past due, respectively and are reported as substandard, 90 days or more days past due and still accruing. There were no repossessed assets or other real estate owned at March 31, 2025. Our nonperforming loans to loans receivable ratio was 1.60% at March 31, 2025, compared to 1.80% at December 31, 2024, and 1.72% at March 31, 2024. The lower nonperforming loans to loans receivable ratio is a reflection of our on-going risk reduction efforts.

For the quarter ended March 31, 2025, there were $3,000 community bank net recoveries and $48.2 million in net charge-offs were recorded on CCBX loans. These CCBX loans have a higher level of expected losses than our community bank loans, which is reflected in the factors for the allowance for credit losses.

The following table details the Company’s nonperforming assets for the periods indicated.

Consolidated	As of
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024			March 31, 2024
Nonaccrual loans:
Commercial and industrial loans	$	381		$	334		$	—
Real estate loans:
Residential real estate		—			—			212
Commercial real estate		—			—			7,731
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards		13,602			10,262			—
Other consumer and other loans		6,376			8,967			—
Total nonaccrual loans		20,359			19,563			7,943
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more:
Commercial & industrial loans		782			1,006			1,793
Real estate loans:
Residential real estate loans		2,407			2,608			1,796
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards		27,187			34,490			37,603
Other consumer and other loans		5,632			4,989			5,731
Total accruing loans past due 90 days or more		36,008			43,093			46,923
Total nonperforming loans		56,367			62,656			54,866
Real estate owned		—			—			—
Repossessed assets		—			—			—
Total nonperforming assets	$	56,367		$	62,656		$	54,866
Total nonaccrual loans to loans receivable		0.58	%		0.56	%		0.25	%
Total nonperforming loans to loans receivable		1.60	%		1.80	%		1.72	%
Total nonperforming assets to total assets		1.30	%		1.52	%		1.42	%

The following tables detail the CCBX and community bank nonperforming assets which are included in the total nonperforming assets table above.

CCBX	As of
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024			March 31, 2024
Nonaccrual loans:
Commercial and industrial loans:
All other commercial & industrial loans	$	192		$	234		$	—
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards		13,602			10,262			—
Other consumer and other loans		6,376			8,967			—
Total nonaccrual loans		20,170			19,463			—
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more:
Commercial & industrial loans		782			1,006			1,793
Real estate loans:
Residential real estate loans		2,407			2,608			1,796
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards		27,187			34,490			37,603
Other consumer and other loans		5,632			4,989			5,731
Total accruing loans past due 90 days or more		36,008			43,093			46,923
Total nonperforming loans		56,178			62,556			46,923
Other real estate owned		—			—			—
Repossessed assets		—			—			—
Total nonperforming assets	$	56,178		$	62,556		$	46,923
Total CCBX nonperforming assets to total consolidated assets		1.29	%		1.52	%		1.21	%

Community Bank	As of
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024			March 31, 2024
Nonaccrual loans:
Commercial and industrial loans	$	189		$	100		$	—
Real estate:
Residential real estate		—			—			212
Commercial real estate		—			—			7,731
Total nonaccrual loans		189			100			7,943
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more:
Total accruing loans past due 90 days or more		—			—			—
Total nonperforming loans		189			100			7,943
Other real estate owned		—			—			—
Repossessed assets		—			—			—
Total nonperforming assets	$	189		$	100		$	7,943
Total community bank nonperforming assets to total consolidated assets		0.01	%		—	%		0.21	%

About Coastal Financial

Coastal Financial Corporation (Nasdaq: CCB) (the “Company”), is an Everett, Washington based bank holding company whose wholly owned subsidiaries are Coastal Community Bank (“Bank”) and Arlington Olympic LLC. The $4.34 billion Bank provides service through 14 branches in Snohomish, Island, and King Counties, the Internet and its mobile banking application. The Bank provides banking as a service to digital financial service providers, companies and brands that want to provide financial services to their customers through the Bank's CCBX segment. To learn more about the Company visit www.coastalbank.com.

CCB-ER

Contact

Eric Sprink, Chief Executive Officer, (425) 357-3659
Joel Edwards, Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer, (425) 357-3687

Forward-Looking Statements

This earnings release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. Any statements about our management’s expectations, beliefs, plans, predictions, forecasts, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are not historical facts and may be forward-looking. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “believes,” “can,” “could,” “may,” “predicts,” “potential,” “should,” “will,” “estimate,” “plans,” “projects,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expects,” “intends” and similar words or phrases. Any or all of the forward-looking statements in this earnings release may turn out to be inaccurate. The inclusion of or reference to forward-looking information in this earnings release should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the future plans, estimates or expectations contemplated by us will be achieved. We have based these forward looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, without limitation, the risk that changes in U.S. trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs and retaliatory tariffs, may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations and those other risks and uncertainties discussed under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the most recent period filed and in any of our subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

COASTAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
(Dollars in thousands; unaudited)

ASSETS
	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024			September 30, 2024			June 30, 2024			March 31, 2024
Cash and due from banks	$	43,467		$	36,533		$	45,327		$	59,995		$	32,790
Interest earning deposits with other banks		580,835			415,980			438,699			427,250			482,338
Investment securities, available for sale, at fair value		34			35			38			39			41
Investment securities, held to maturity, at amortized cost		46,957			47,286			48,582			49,174			50,049
Other investments		12,589			10,800			10,757			10,664			10,583
Loans held for sale		42,132			20,600			7,565			—			797
Loans receivable		3,517,359			3,486,565			3,413,894			3,321,813			3,195,101
Allowance for credit losses		(183,178	)		(176,994	)		(171,674	)		(148,878	)		(139,941	)
Total loans receivable, net		3,334,181			3,309,571			3,242,220			3,172,935			3,055,160
CCBX credit enhancement asset		183,377			181,890			173,600			149,096			142,412
CCBX receivable		12,685			14,138			16,060			11,520			10,369
Premises and equipment, net		28,639			27,431			25,833			24,526			22,995
Lease right-of-use assets		5,117			5,219			5,427			5,635			5,756
Accrued interest receivable		21,109			21,104			22,315			21,620			22,485
Bank-owned life insurance, net		13,501			13,375			13,255			13,132			12,991
Deferred tax asset, net		3,912			3,600			3,083			2,221			2,221
Other assets		10,747			13,646			11,711			11,742			12,075
Total assets	$	4,339,282		$	4,121,208		$	4,064,472		$	3,959,549		$	3,863,062

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Deposits	$	3,791,229		$	3,585,332		$	3,627,288		$	3,543,432		$	3,462,979
Subordinated debt, net		44,331			44,293			44,256			44,219			44,181
Junior subordinated debentures, net		3,592			3,591			3,591			3,591			3,590
Deferred compensation		310			332			369			405			442
Accrued interest payable		1,107			962			1,070			999			1,061
Lease liabilities		5,293			5,398			5,609			5,821			5,946
CCBX payable		29,391			29,171			37,839			32,539			30,899
Other liabilities		14,112			13,425			12,520			11,850			10,255
Total liabilities		3,889,365			3,682,504			3,732,542			3,642,856			3,559,353
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common Stock		229,659			228,177			134,769			132,989			131,601
Retained earnings		220,259			210,529			197,162			183,706			172,110
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax		(1	)		(2	)		(1	)		(2	)		(2	)
Total shareholders’ equity		449,917			438,704			331,930			316,693			303,709
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	4,339,282		$	4,121,208		$	4,064,472		$	3,959,549		$	3,863,062

COASTAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts; unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		September 30, 2024		June 30, 2024			March 31, 2024
INTEREST AND DIVIDEND INCOME
Interest and fees on loans	$	98,147	$	95,575	$	99,676	$	90,879		$	85,891
Interest on interest earning deposits with other banks		6,070		6,021		4,781		5,683			4,780
Interest on investment securities		650		661		675		686			1,034
Dividends on other investments		40		191		33		174			37
Total interest income		104,907		102,448		105,165		97,422			91,742
INTEREST EXPENSE
Interest on deposits		28,185		29,404		32,083		30,578			28,867
Interest on borrowed funds		660		667		809		672			669
Total interest expense		28,845		30,071		32,892		31,250			29,536
Net interest income		76,062		72,377		72,273		66,172			62,206
PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES		55,781		61,867		70,257		62,325			83,158
Net interest income/(expense) after provision for credit losses		20,281		10,510		2,016		3,847			(20,952	)
NONINTEREST INCOME
Service charges and fees		860		932		952		946			908
Loan referral fees		—		—		—		—			168
Unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities, net		16		1		2		9			15
Other income		682		473		486		257			308
Noninterest income, excluding BaaS program income and BaaS indemnification income		1,558		1,406		1,440		1,212			1,399
Servicing and other BaaS fees		1,419		1,043		1,044		1,525			1,131
Transaction and interchange fees		3,833		3,699		3,549		2,934			2,661
Reimbursement of expenses		1,026		812		565		857			254
BaaS program income		6,278		5,554		5,158		5,316			4,046
BaaS credit enhancements		53,648		62,097		70,108		60,826			79,808
BaaS fraud enhancements		1,993		5,043		2,084		1,784			923
BaaS indemnification income		55,641		67,140		72,192		62,610			80,731
Total noninterest income		63,477		74,100		78,790		69,138			86,176
NONINTEREST EXPENSE
Salaries and employee benefits		21,532		17,994		17,101		17,005			17,984
Occupancy		1,034		958		964		985			1,518
Data processing and software licenses		4,232		4,010		4,297		3,625			2,892
Legal and professional expenses		6,488		4,606		3,597		3,631			3,672
Point of sale expense		107		89		73		72			90
Excise taxes		722		778		762		(706	)		320
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") assessments		755		750		740		690			683
Director and staff expenses		631		683		559		470			400
Marketing		50		28		67		14			53
Other expense		1,938		1,752		1,482		1,383			1,867
Noninterest expense, excluding BaaS loan and BaaS fraud expense		37,489		31,648		29,642		27,169			29,479
BaaS loan expense		32,507		30,720		32,698		29,011			26,107
BaaS fraud expense		1,993		5,043		2,084		1,784			923
BaaS loan and fraud expense		34,500		35,763		34,782		30,795			27,030
Total noninterest expense		71,989		67,411		64,424		57,964			56,509
Income before provision for income taxes		11,769		17,199		16,382		15,021			8,715
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES		2,039		3,832		2,926		3,425			1,915
NET INCOME	$	9,730	$	13,367	$	13,456	$	11,596		$	6,800
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.65	$	0.97	$	1.00	$	0.86		$	0.51
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.63	$	0.94	$	0.97	$	0.84		$	0.50
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic		14,962,507		13,828,605		13,447,066		13,412,667			13,340,997
Diluted		15,462,041		14,268,229		13,822,270		13,736,508			13,676,917

COASTAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AVERAGE BALANCES, YIELDS, AND RATES – QUARTERLY
(Dollars in thousands; unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2025								December 31, 2024								March 31, 2024
	Average Balance			Interest & Dividends		Yield / Cost ⁽¹⁾			Average Balance			Interest & Dividends		Yield / Cost ⁽¹⁾			Average Balance			Interest & Dividends		Yield / Cost ⁽¹⁾
Assets
Interest earning assets:
Interest earning deposits with other banks	$	553,393		$	6,070		4.45	%	$	501,654		$	6,021		4.77	%	$	350,868		$	4,780		5.48	%
Investment securities, available for sale ⁽²⁾		37			1		10.96			39			—		—			64,878			349		2.16
Investment securities, held to maturity ⁽²⁾		47,154			649		5.58			48,126			661		5.46			50,490			685		5.46
Other investments		11,757			40		1.38			10,783			191		7.05			10,262			37		1.45
Loans receivable⁽³⁾		3,511,724			98,147		11.33			3,419,476			95,575		11.12			3,137,271			85,891		11.01
Total interest earning assets		4,124,065			104,907		10.32			3,980,078			102,448		10.24			3,613,769			91,742		10.21
Noninterest earning assets:
Allowance for credit losses		(170,542	)							(156,687	)							(114,985	)
Other noninterest earning assets		296,993								277,922								229,437
Total assets	$	4,250,516							$	4,101,313							$	3,728,221

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing deposits	$	3,166,384		$	28,185		3.61	%	$	3,068,357		$	29,404		3.81	%	$	2,728,884		$	28,867		4.25	%
FHLB advances and other borrowings		—			1		—			—			1		—			5			—		—
Subordinated debt		44,309			598		5.47			44,272			599		5.38			44,159			598		5.45
Junior subordinated debentures		3,592			61		6.89			3,591			67		7.42			3,590			71		7.95
Total interest bearing liabilities		3,214,285			28,845		3.64			3,116,220			30,071		3.84			2,776,638			29,536		4.28
Noninterest bearing deposits		543,784								577,453								595,693
Other liabilities		49,624								50,824								58,829
Total shareholders' equity		442,823								356,816								297,061
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	4,250,516							$	4,101,313							$	3,728,221
Net interest income				$	76,062							$	72,377							$	62,206
Interest rate spread							6.68	%							6.40	%							5.93	%
Net interest margin⁽⁴⁾							7.48	%							7.23	%							6.92	%

⁽¹⁾	Yields and costs are annualized.
⁽²⁾	For presentation in this table, average balances and the corresponding average rates for investment securities are based upon historical cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts.
⁽³⁾	Includes loans held for sale and nonaccrual loans.
⁽⁴⁾	Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by the average total interest earning assets.

COASTAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION
SELECTED AVERAGE BALANCES, YIELDS, AND RATES – BY SEGMENT - QUARTERLY
(Dollars in thousands; unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024						March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)	Average Balance		Interest & Dividends		Yield / Cost ⁽¹⁾		Average Balance		Interest & Dividends		Yield / Cost ⁽¹⁾		Average Balance		Interest & Dividends		Yield / Cost ⁽¹⁾
Community Bank
Assets
Interest earning assets:
Loans receivable ⁽²⁾	$	1,881,636	$	30,292	6.53	%	$	1,892,298	$	31,043	6.53	%	$	1,871,414	$	30,052	6.46	%
Total interest earning assets		1,881,636		30,292	6.53			1,892,298		31,043	6.53			1,871,414		30,052	6.46
Liabilities
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing deposits		1,045,971		6,604	2.56	%		1,029,346		7,161	2.77	%		922,340		6,013	2.62	%
Intrabank liability		356,337		3,909	4.45			357,442		4,290	4.77			410,993		5,599	5.48
Total interest bearing liabilities		1,402,308		10,513	3.04			1,386,788		11,451	3.28			1,333,333		11,612	3.50
Noninterest bearing deposits		479,329						505,510						538,081
Net interest income			$	19,779					$	19,592					$	18,440
Net interest margin⁽³⁾					4.26	%					4.12	%					3.96	%

CCBX
Assets
Interest earning assets:
Loans receivable⁽²⁾⁽⁴⁾	$	1,630,088	$	67,855	16.88	%	$	1,527,178	$	64,532	16.81	%	$	1,265,857	$	55,839	17.74	%
Intrabank asset		554,781		6,085	4.45			583,776		7,007	4.78			598,299		8,151	5.48
Total interest earning assets		2,184,869		73,940	13.72			2,110,954		71,539	13.48			1,864,156		63,990	13.81
Liabilities
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing deposits		2,120,413		21,581	4.13	%		2,039,011		22,243	4.34	%		1,806,544		22,854	5.09	%
Total interest bearing liabilities		2,120,413		21,581	4.13			2,039,011		22,243	4.34			1,806,544		22,854	5.09
Noninterest bearing deposits		64,455						71,943						57,612
Net interest income			$	52,359					$	49,296					$	41,136
Net interest margin⁽³⁾					9.72	%					9.29	%					8.88	%
Net interest margin, net of BaaS loan expense⁽⁵⁾					3.68	%					3.50	%					3.24	%

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024						March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)	Average Balance		Interest & Dividends		Yield / Cost ⁽¹⁾		Average Balance		Interest & Dividends		Yield / Cost ⁽¹⁾		Average Balance		Interest & Dividends		Yield / Cost ⁽¹⁾
Treasury & Administration
Assets
Interest earning assets:
Interest earning deposits with other banks	$	553,393	$	6,070	4.45	%	$	501,654	$	6,021	4.77	%	$	350,868	$	4,780	5.48	%
Investment securities, available for sale ⁽⁶⁾		37		1	10.96			39		—	—			64,878		349	2.16
Investment securities, held to maturity ⁽⁶⁾		47,154		649	5.58			48,126		661	5.46			50,490		685	5.46
Other investments		11,757		40	1.38			10,783		191	7.05			10,262		37	1.45
Total interest earning assets		612,341		6,760	4.48	%		560,602		6,873	4.88	%		476,498		5,851	4.94	%
Liabilities
Interest bearing liabilities:
FHLB advances and borrowings	$	—		1	—	%	$	—		1	—	%	$	5		—	—	%
Subordinated debt		44,309		598	5.47	%		44,272		599	5.38	%		44,159		598	5.45	%
Junior subordinated debentures		3,592		61	6.89			3,591		67	7.42			3,590		71	7.95
Intrabank liability, net ⁽⁷⁾		198,444		2,176	4.45			226,334		2,717	4.78			187,306		2,552	5.48
Total interest bearing liabilities		246,345		2,836	4.67			274,197		3,384	4.91			235,060		3,221	5.51
Net interest income			$	3,924					$	3,489					$	2,630
Net interest margin⁽³⁾					2.60	%					2.48	%					2.22	%

⁽¹⁾	Yields and costs are annualized.
⁽²⁾	Includes loans held for sale and nonaccrual loans.
⁽³⁾	Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by the average total interest earning assets.
⁽⁴⁾	CCBX yield does not include the impact of BaaS loan expense. BaaS loan expense represents the amount paid or payable to partners for credit enhancements, fraud enhancements and originating & servicing CCBX loans. See reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures at the end of this earnings release for the impact of BaaS loan expense on CCBX loan yield.
⁽⁵⁾	Net interest margin, net of BaaS loan expense, includes the impact of BaaS loan expense. BaaS loan expense represents the amount paid or payable to partners for credit enhancements, fraud enhancements, originating & servicing CCBX loans. See reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures at the end of this earnings release.
⁽⁶⁾	For presentation in this table, average balances and the corresponding average rates for investment securities are based upon historical cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts.
⁽⁷⁾	Intrabank assets and liabilities are consolidated for period calculations and presented as intrabank asset, net or intrabank liability, net in the table above.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The Company uses certain non-GAAP financial measures to provide meaningful supplemental information regarding the Company’s operational performance and to enhance investors’ overall understanding of such financial performance.

However, these non-GAAP financial measures are supplemental and are not a substitute for an analysis based on GAAP measures. As other companies may use different calculations for these adjusted measures, this presentation may not be comparable to other similarly titled adjusted measures reported by other companies.

The following non-GAAP measures are presented to illustrate the impact of BaaS loan expense on net loan income and yield on loans and CCBX loans and the impact of BaaS loan expense on net interest income and net interest margin.

Loan income, net of BaaS loan expense, divided by average loans, is a non-GAAP measure that includes the impact BaaS loan expense on loan income and the yield on loans. The most directly comparable GAAP measure is yield on loans.

Net BaaS loan income divided by average CCBX loans is a non-GAAP measure that includes the impact BaaS loan expense on net BaaS loan income and the yield on CCBX loans. The most directly comparable GAAP measure is yield on CCBX loans.

Net interest income, net of BaaS loan expense, is a non-GAAP measure that includes the impact BaaS loan expense on net interest income. The most directly comparable GAAP measure is net interest income.

CCBX net interest margin, net of BaaS loan expense, is a non-GAAP measure that includes the impact of BaaS loan expense on net interest rate margin. The most directly comparable GAAP measure is CCBX net interest margin.

Reconciliations of the GAAP and non-GAAP measures are presented below.

CCBX	As of and for the Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	March 31 2025			December 31 2024			March 31 2024
Net BaaS loan income divided by average CCBX loans:
CCBX loan yield (GAAP)⁽¹⁾		16.88	%		16.81	%		17.74	%
Total average CCBX loans receivable	$	1,630,088		$	1,527,178		$	1,265,857
Interest and earned fee income on CCBX loans (GAAP)		67,855			64,532			55,839
BaaS loan expense		(32,507	)		(30,720	)		(26,107	)
Net BaaS loan income	$	35,348		$	33,812		$	29,732
Net BaaS loan income divided by average CCBX loans ⁽¹⁾		8.79	%		8.81	%		9.45	%
CCBX net interest margin, net of BaaS loan expense:
CCBX net interest margin ⁽¹⁾		9.72	%		9.29	%		8.88	%
CCBX earning assets		2,184,869			2,110,954			1,864,156
Net interest income (GAAP)		52,359			49,296			41,136
Less: BaaS loan expense		(32,507	)		(30,720	)		(26,107	)
Net interest income, net of BaaS loan expense	$	19,852		$	18,576		$	15,029
CCBX net interest margin, net of BaaS loan expense ⁽¹⁾		3.68	%		3.50	%		3.24	%

Consolidated	As of and for the Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	March 31 2025			December 31 2024			March 31 2024
Net interest margin, net of BaaS loan expense:
Net interest margin ⁽¹⁾		7.48	%		7.23	%		6.92	%
Earning assets		4,124,065			3,980,078			3,613,769
Net interest income (GAAP)		76,062			72,377			62,206
Less: BaaS loan expense		(32,507	)		(30,720	)		(26,107	)
Net interest income, net of BaaS loan expense	$	43,555		$	41,657		$	36,099
Net interest margin, net of BaaS loan expense ⁽¹⁾		4.28	%		4.16	%		4.02	%
Loan income net of BaaS loan expense divided by average loans:
Loan yield (GAAP)⁽¹⁾		11.33	%		11.12	%		11.01	%
Total average loans receivable	$	3,511,724		$	3,419,476		$	3,137,271
Interest and earned fee income on loans (GAAP)		98,147			95,575			85,891
BaaS loan expense		(32,507	)		(30,720	)		(26,107	)
Net loan income	$	65,640		$	64,855		$	59,784
Loan income, net of BaaS loan expense, divided by average loans ⁽¹⁾		7.58	%		7.55	%		7.66	%

⁽¹⁾	Annualized calculations for periods presented.

The following non-GAAP measure is presented to illustrate the impact of BaaS loan expense, BaaS fraud expense and reimbursement of expenses (BaaS) on noninterest expense. Certain noninterest expenses are reimbursed by our CCBX partners. In accordance with GAAP we recognize all expenses in noninterest expense and the reimbursement of expenses from our CCBX partner in noninterest income. This non-GAAP measure shows the portion of noninterest expenses that are reimbursed by partners to assist the understanding of how the increases in noninterest expense are related to expenses incurred for and reimbursed by CCBX partner. The most comparable GAAP measure is noninterest expense.

	As of and for the Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands, unaudited)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		March 31, 2024
Noninterest expense, net of reimbursement of expenses (BaaS)
Noninterest expense (GAAP)	$	71,989	$	67,411	$	56,509
Less: BaaS loan expense		32,507		30,720		26,107
Less: BaaS fraud expense		1,993		5,043		923
Less: Reimbursement of expenses		1,026		812		254
Noninterest expense, net of BaaS loan expense, BaaS fraud expense and reimbursement of expenses	$	36,463	$	30,836	$	29,225

APPENDIX A -
As of March 31, 2025

Industry Concentration

We have a diversified loan portfolio, representing a wide variety of industries. Our major categories of loans are commercial real estate, consumer and other loans, residential real estate, commercial and industrial, and construction, land and land development loans. Together they represent $3.52 billion in outstanding loan balances. When combined with $2.14 billion in unused commitments the total of these categories is $5.67 billion.

Commercial real estate loans represent the largest segment of our loans, comprising 38.0% of our total balance of outstanding loans as of March 31, 2025. Unused commitments to extend credit represents an additional $29.4 million, and the combined total in commercial real estate loans represents $1.37 billion, or 24.2% of our total outstanding loans and loan commitments.

The following table summarizes our loan commitment by industry for our commercial real estate portfolio as of March 31, 2025:

(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Outstanding Balance		Available Loan Commitments		Total Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment		% of Total Loans (Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment)		Average Loan Balance		Number of Loans
Apartments	$	392,740	$	4,488	$	397,228	7.0	%	$	3,927	100
Hotel/Motel		149,859		61		149,920	2.6			6,516	23
Convenience Store		138,838		561		139,399	2.5			2,314	60
Office		121,346		7,183		128,529	2.3			1,379	88
Retail		101,118		744		101,862	1.8			972	104
Warehouse		103,813		—		103,813	1.8			1,790	58
Mixed use		91,025		5,220		96,245	1.7			1,167	78
Mini Storage		73,172		8,022		81,194	1.4			3,659	20
Strip Mall		43,678		—		43,678	0.8			6,240	7
Manufacturing		36,887		370		37,257	0.7			1,272	29
Groups < 0.70% of total		88,171		2,752		90,923	1.6			1,145	77
Total	$	1,340,647	$	29,401	$	1,370,048	24.2	%	$	2,082	644

Consumer loans comprise 34.5% of our total balance of outstanding loans as of March 31, 2025. Unused commitments to extend credit represents an additional $910.8 million, and the combined total in consumer and other loans represents $2.13 billion, or 37.5% of our total outstanding loans and loan commitments. As illustrated in the table below, our CCBX partners bring in a large number of mostly smaller dollar loans, resulting in an average consumer loan balance of just $1,000. CCBX consumer loans are underwritten to CCBX credit standards and underwriting of these loans is regularly tested, including quarterly testing for partners with portfolio balances greater than $10.0 million.

The following table summarizes our loan commitment by industry for our consumer and other loan portfolio as of March 31, 2025:

(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Outstanding Balance		Available Loan Commitments⁽¹⁾		Total Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment ⁽¹⁾		% of Total Loans (Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment)		Average Loan Balance		Number of Loans
CCBX consumer loans
Credit cards	$	532,775	$	868,969	$	1,401,744	24.7	%	$	1.7	314,203
Installment loans		654,844		29,027		683,871	12.1			0.8	776,669
Lines of credit		627		2		629	0.0			1.3	477
Other loans		14,555		—		14,555	0.3			0.1	185,894
Community bank consumer loans
Installment loans		1,846		3		1,849	0.0			65.9	28
Lines of credit		173		357		530	0.0			5.2	33
Other loans		11,307		12,400		23,707	0.4			34.6	327
Total	$	1,216,127	$	910,758	$	2,126,885	37.5	%	$	1.0	1,277,631

⁽¹⁾Total exposure on CCBX loans is subject to CCBX partner/portfolio maximum limits.

Residential real estate loans comprise 13.9% of our total balance of outstanding loans as of March 31, 2025. Unused commitments to extend credit represents an additional $529.3 million, and the combined total in residential real estate loans represents $1.02 billion, or 18.0% of our total outstanding loans and loan commitments.

The following table summarizes our loan commitment by industry for our residential real estate loan portfolio as of March 31, 2025:

(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Outstanding Balance		Available Loan Commitments ⁽¹⁾		Total Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment ⁽¹⁾		% of Total Loans (Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment)		Average Loan Balance		Number of Loans
CCBX residential real estate loans
Home equity line of credit	$	285,355	$	481,778	$	767,133	13.5	%	$	28	10,291
Community bank residential real estate loans
Closed end, secured by first liens		164,284		1,649		165,933	3.0			533	308
Home equity line of credit		27,931		45,016		72,947	1.3			115	242
Closed end, second liens		10,705		892		11,597	0.2			357	30
Total	$	488,275	$	529,335	$	1,017,610	18.0	%	$	45	10,871

⁽¹⁾Total exposure on CCBX loans is subject to CCBX partner/portfolio maximum limits. CCBX home equity lines of credit are limited to a $375.0 million portfolio maximum.

Commercial and industrial loans comprise 8.9% of our total balance of outstanding loans as of March 31, 2025. Unused commitments to extend credit represents an additional $601.0 million, and the combined total in commercial and industrial loans represents $913.2 million, or 16.1% of our total outstanding loans and loan commitments. Included in commercial and industrial loans is $133.5 million in outstanding capital call lines, with an additional $514.9 million in available loan commitments which is limited to a $350.0 million portfolio maximum. Capital call lines are provided to venture capital firms through one of our CCBX BaaS clients. These loans are secured by the capital call rights and are individually underwritten to the Bank’s credit standards and the underwriting is reviewed by the Bank on every capital call line.

The following table summarizes our loan commitment by industry for our commercial and industrial loan portfolio as of March 31, 2025:

(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Outstanding Balance		Available Loan Commitments ⁽¹⁾		Total Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment ⁽¹⁾		% of Total Loans (Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment)		Average Loan Balance		Number of Loans
CCBX C&I Loans
Capital Call Lines	$	133,466	$	514,864	$	648,330	11.4	%	$	1,019	131
Retail and other loans		29,702		21,736		51,438	0.9			10	3,002
Community bank C&I Loans
Construction/Contractor Services		30,768		31,642		62,410	1.1			152	202
Financial Institutions		48,648		—		48,648	0.9			4,054	12
Medical / Dental / Other Care		6,721		2,739		9,460	0.2			517	13
Manufacturing		5,611		4,022		9,633	0.2			156	36
Groups < 0.20% of total		57,356		25,969		83,325	1.4			222	258
Total	$	312,272	$	600,972	$	913,244	16.1	%	$	85	3,654

⁽¹⁾ Total exposure on CCBX loans is subject to CCBX partner/portfolio maximum limits.

Construction, land and land development loans comprise 4.7% of our total balance of outstanding loans as of March 31, 2025. Unused commitments to extend credit represents an additional $72.5 million, and the combined total in construction, land and land development loans represents $239.0 million, or 4.2% of our total outstanding loans and loan commitments.

The following table details our loan commitment for our construction, land and land development portfolio as of March 31, 2025:

(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Outstanding Balance		Available Loan Commitments		Total Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment		% of Total Loans (Outstanding Balance & Available Commitment)		Average Loan Balance		Number of Loans
Commercial construction	$	96,716	$	41,654	$	138,370	2.4	%	$	6,908	14
Residential construction		39,375		22,253		61,628	1.1			2,316	17
Developed land loans		7,788		2		7,790	0.1			556	14
Undeveloped land loans		16,684		4,185		20,869	0.4			1,112	15
Land development		5,988		4,382		10,370	0.2			665	9
Total	$	166,551	$	72,476	$	239,027	4.2	%	$	2,414	69

Exposure and risk in our construction, land and land development portfolio increased compared to recent periods as indicated in the following table:

	Outstanding Balance as of
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		September 30, 2024		June 30, 2024		March 31, 2024
Commercial construction	$	96,716	$	83,216	$	97,792	$	110,372	$	102,099
Residential construction		39,375		40,940		35,822		34,652		28,751
Undeveloped land loans		16,684		8,665		8,606		8,372		8,190
Developed land loans		7,788		8,305		14,863		13,954		14,307
Land development		5,988		7,072		5,968		5,714		7,515
Total	$	166,551	$	148,198	$	163,051	$	173,064	$	160,862

Commitments to extend credit total $2.14 billion at March 31, 2025, however we do not anticipate our customers using the $2.14 billion that is showing as available due to CCBX partner and portfolio limits.

The following table presents outstanding commitments to extend credit as of March 31, 2025:

Consolidated
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	As of March 31, 2025
Commitments to extend credit:
Commercial and industrial loans	$	86,108
Commercial and industrial loans - capital call lines		514,864
Construction – commercial real estate loans		50,221
Construction – residential real estate loans		22,255
Residential real estate loans		529,335
Commercial real estate loans		29,401
Credit cards		868,969
Consumer and other loans		41,789
Total commitments to extend credit	$	2,142,942

We have individual CCBX partner portfolio limits with our each of our partners to manage loan concentration risk, liquidity risk, and counter-party partner risk. For example, as of March 31, 2025, capital call lines outstanding balance totaled $133.5 million and, while commitments totaled $514.9 million, the commitments are limited to a maximum of $350.0 million by agreement with the partner. If a CCBX partner goes over their individual limit, it would be a breach of their contract and the Bank may impose penalties and would have the choice to fund or not fund the loan.

See the table below for CCBX portfolio maximums and related available commitments:

CCBX
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	Balance			Percent of CCBX loans receivable		Available Commitments ⁽¹⁾		Maximum Portfolio Size		Cash Reserve/Pledge Account Amount ⁽²⁾
Commercial and industrial loans:
Capital call lines	$	133,466		8.1	%	$	514,864	$	350,000	$	—
All other commercial & industrial loans		29,702		1.8			21,736		475,720		541
Real estate loans:
Home equity lines of credit⁽³⁾		285,355		17.3			481,778		375,000		33,436
Consumer and other loans:
Credit cards - cash secured		339					—				—
Credit cards - unsecured		532,436					868,969				27,589
Credit cards - total		532,775		32.2			868,969		850,000		27,589
Installment loans - cash secured		127,426					29,027				—
Installment loans - unsecured		527,418					—				1,175
Installment loans - total		654,844		39.7			29,027		1,814,541		1,175
Other consumer and other loans		15,182		0.9			2		4,739		419
Gross CCBX loans receivable		1,651,324		100.0	%		1,916,376		3,870,000	$	63,160
Net deferred origination fees		(498	)
Loans receivable	$	1,650,826

(1)	Remaining commitment available, net of outstanding balance.
(2)	Balances are as of April 9, 2025.
(3)	These home equity lines of credit are secured by residential real estate and are accessed by using a credit card, but are classified as 1-4 family residential properties per regulatory guidelines.

APPENDIX B -
As of March 31, 2025

CCBX – BaaS Reporting Information

During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, $53.6 million was recorded in BaaS credit enhancements related to the provision for credit losses - loans and reserve for unfunded commitments for CCBX partner loans and negative deposit accounts. Agreements with our CCBX partners provide for a credit enhancement provided by the partner which protects the Bank by indemnifying or reimbursing incurred losses. In accordance with accounting guidance, we estimate and record a provision for expected losses for these CCBX loans, unfunded commitments and negative deposit accounts. When the provision for credit losses - loans and provision for unfunded commitments is recorded, a credit enhancement asset is also recorded on the balance sheet through noninterest income (BaaS credit enhancements) in recognition of the CCBX partner legal commitment to indemnify or reimburse losses. The credit enhancement asset is relieved as credit enhancement payments and recoveries are received from the CCBX partner or taken from the partner's cash reserve account. Agreements with our CCBX partners also provide protection to the Bank from fraud by indemnifying or reimbursing incurred fraud losses. BaaS fraud includes non-credit fraud losses on loans and deposits originated through partners, generally fraud losses related to loans are comprised primarily of first payment defaults. Fraud losses are recorded when incurred as losses in noninterest expense, and the enhancement received from the CCBX partner is recorded in noninterest income, resulting in a net impact of zero to the income statement. Many CCBX partners also pledge a cash reserve account at the Bank which the Bank can collect from when losses occur that is then replenished by the partner on a regular interval. Although agreements with our CCBX partners provide for credit enhancements that provide protection to the Bank from credit and fraud losses by indemnifying or reimbursing incurred credit and fraud losses, if our partner is unable to fulfill their contracted obligation then the bank would be exposed to additional loan and deposit losses if the cash flows on the loans were not sufficient to fund the reimbursement of loan losses, as a result of this counterparty risk. If a CCBX partner does not replenish their cash reserve account the Bank may consider an alternative plan for funding the cash reserve. This may involve the possibility of adjusting the funding amounts or timelines to better align with the partner's specific situation. If a mutually agreeable funding plan is not agreed to, the Bank could declare the agreement in default, take over servicing and cease paying the partner for servicing the loan and providing credit enhancements. The Bank would evaluate any remaining credit enhancement asset from the CCBX partner in the event the partner failed to determine if a write-off is appropriate. If a write-off occurs, the Bank would retain the full yield and any fee income on the loan portfolio going forward, and our BaaS loan expense would decrease once default occurred and payments to the CCBX partner were stopped.

The Bank records contractual interest earned from the borrower on CCBX partner loans in interest income, adjusted for origination costs which are paid or payable to the CCBX partner. BaaS loan expense represents the amount paid or payable to partners for credit and fraud enhancements and originating and servicing CCBX loans. To determine net revenue (Net BaaS loan income) earned from CCBX loan relationships, the Bank takes BaaS loan interest income and deducts BaaS loan expense to arrive at Net BaaS loan income (a reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures are set forth in the preceding section of this earnings release) which can be compared to interest income on the Company’s community bank loans.

The following table illustrates how CCBX partner loan income and expenses are recorded in the financial statements:

Loan income and related loan expense	Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024			March 31, 2024
Yield on loans ⁽¹⁾		16.88	%		16.81	%		17.74	%
BaaS loan interest income	$	67,855		$	64,532		$	55,839
Less: BaaS loan expense		32,507			30,720			26,107
Net BaaS loan income⁽²⁾	$	35,348		$	33,812		$	29,732
Net BaaS loan income divided by average BaaS loans ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		8.79	%		8.81	%		9.45	%

(1) Annualized calculation for quarterly periods shown.
(2) A reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures are set forth in the preceding section of this earnings release.

An increase in average CCBX loans receivable resulted in increased interest income on CCBX loans during the quarter ended March 31, 2025 compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2024. The increase in average CCBX loans receivable was primarily due to our strategy to optimize the CCBX loan portfolio and strengthen our balance sheet through originating higher quality new loans with enhanced credit standards. These higher quality loans also have lower stated rates and expected losses than some of our CCBX loans historically. Our yield on loans and our net interest margin net of BaaS loan expense slightly increased, as our CCBX portfolio is leveling out. Current loan sales and new loan growth are at more similar interest rates compared to prior periods when we were selling loans with higher risk and higher interest rates and replacing them with higher quality lower interest rate loans. We continue to reposition ourselves by managing CCBX credit and concentration levels in an effort to optimize our loan portfolio and also generate off balance sheet fee income. Growth in CCBX loans and deposits has resulted in increases in interest income and expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2024.

The following tables are a summary of the interest components, direct fees and expenses of BaaS for the periods indicated and are not inclusive of all income and expense related to BaaS.

Interest income	Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		March 31, 2024
Loan interest income	$	67,855	$	64,532	$	55,839
Total BaaS interest income	$	67,855	$	64,532	$	55,839

Interest expense	Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		March 31, 2024
BaaS interest expense	$	21,581	$	22,243	$	22,854
Total BaaS interest expense	$	21,581	$	22,243	$	22,854

BaaS income	Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		March 31, 2024
BaaS program income:
Servicing and other BaaS fees	$	1,419	$	1,043	$	1,131
Transaction and interchange fees		3,833		3,699		2,661
Reimbursement of expenses		1,026		812		254
Total BaaS program income		6,278		5,554		4,046
BaaS indemnification income:
BaaS credit enhancements		53,648		62,097		79,808
BaaS fraud enhancements		1,993		5,043		923
BaaS indemnification income		55,641		67,140		80,731
Total noninterest BaaS income	$	61,919	$	72,694	$	84,777

Servicing and other BaaS fees increased $376,000 and transaction and interchange fees increased $134,000 in the quarter ended March 31, 2025 compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2024. We expect servicing and other BaaS fees to be higher when we are bringing new partners on and then to decrease when transaction and interchange fees increase as partner activity grows and contracted minimum fees are replaced with these recurring fees when they exceed the minimum fees. Increases in BaaS reimbursement of fees offsets increases in noninterest expense from BaaS expenses covered by CCBX partners.

BaaS loan and fraud expense:	Three Months Ended
(dollars in thousands; unaudited)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		March 31, 2024
BaaS loan expense	$	32,507	$	30,720	$	26,107
BaaS fraud expense		1,993		5,043		923
Total BaaS loan and fraud expense	$	34,500	$	35,763	$	27,030

A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/26a7ee4c-99dc-493e-8703-90dc906581e2

FAQ

What caused Coastal Financial (CCB) net income to drop in Q1 2025?

Coastal Financial's net income dropped to $9.7 million in Q1 2025 from $13.4 million in Q4 2024 due to elevated expenses from onboarding new CCBX partnerships, technology investments, and higher legal and professional fees.

How much did Coastal Financial (CCB) deposit base grow in Q1 2025?

Coastal Financial's total deposits grew by $205.9 million (5.7%) to $3.79 billion in Q1 2025 compared to Q4 2024, primarily driven by growth in CCBX partner programs.

What is the loan sale volume for Coastal Financial (CCB) in Q1 2025?

Coastal Financial sold $744.6 million of loans in Q1 2025, mostly credit card receivables, while retaining a portion of the fee income on sold credit card loans.

How many credit cards does Coastal Financial (CCB) service as of March 2025?

As of March 31, 2025, Coastal Financial had 237,024 credit cards with fee earning potential, an increase of 54,575 from Q4 2024 and 210,723 from Q1 2024.

What is Coastal Financial's (CCB) credit risk exposure in its CCBX segment?

Coastal Financial remains 98.8% indemnified against credit risk and fully indemnified against fraud with CCBX partners as of March 31, 2025.

Coastal Financial Corporation Announces First Quarter 2025 Results

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