Cytek Biosciences Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 Financial Results and Provides 2026 Outlook
Rhea-AI Summary
Cytek Biosciences (Nasdaq: CTKB) reported Q4 2025 revenue of $62.1M (+8% YoY) and full-year 2025 revenue of $201.5M (+1% YoY). Recurring revenue grew 21% and comprised 34% of 2025 revenue. GAAP gross margin fell to 52% for 2025; adjusted EBITDA was $5.0M for the year. Net loss was $66.5M, reflecting a $33.1M non-cash valuation allowance on deferred tax assets. Installed base reached 3,664 instruments with 630 placements in 2025. Cytek initiated 2026 revenue guidance of $205M–$212M (2%–5% growth).
Positive
- Recurring revenue +21% in 2025, now 34% of total revenue
- Installed base reached 3,664 instruments with 630 placements in 2025
- Aurora CS unit placements +22% in 2025 year-over-year
- Full-year 2026 revenue guidance of $205M–$212M (2%–5% growth)
Negative
- Adjusted EBITDA declined from $22.4M (2024) to $5.0M (2025)
- GAAP gross margin fell to 52% in 2025 from 55% in 2024 (~300 bps)
- Net loss widened to $66.5M in 2025 from $6.0M in 2024 due to $33.1M valuation allowance
- Cash and marketable securities decreased $16.4M year-over-year to $261.5M
News Market Reaction – CTKB
On the day this news was published, CTKB gained 1.82%, reflecting a mild positive market reaction.
Data tracked by StockTitan Argus on the day of publication.
Key Figures
Market Reality Check
Peers on Argus
CTKB was up 0.23% with several peers also positive: KIDS +3.4%, VREX +0.96%, AVNS +5.12%, while LAB and ZIMV were flat, indicating a modest sector-aligned upward bias.
Previous Earnings Reports
| Date | Event | Sentiment | Move | Catalyst |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nov 05 | Q3 2025 earnings | Neutral | +13.2% | Q3 2025 revenue up 2% with higher recurring revenue but net loss vs prior income. |
| Aug 06 | Q2 2025 earnings | Negative | +5.7% | Q2 2025 revenue declined 2% and net loss widened despite solid recurring growth. |
| May 08 | Q1 2025 earnings | Negative | -22.8% | Q1 2025 revenue fell 7.6% and losses persisted, triggering a sharp share-price drop. |
| Feb 27 | FY 2024 results | Neutral | -6.7% | FY 2024 showed revenue growth and lower net loss but market sold off on outlook. |
| Nov 05 | Q3 2024 earnings | Positive | +36.0% | Q3 2024 delivered 7% revenue growth and return to net income, driving a strong rally. |
Earnings releases often produced sizable moves, with both sharp rallies and selloffs, and mixed alignment between headline tone and price reaction.
Over the past five earnings cycles, Cytek reported modest revenue growth but increasing operating costs and a shift from profitability to losses. Quarterly results in Q1–Q2 2025 showed revenue declines and net losses, while Q3 2025 delivered slight growth and higher recurring revenue. Full-year 2024 and early 2025 guidance focused on mid‑single‑digit growth ranges. Investor reactions have been volatile, with both strong gains and steep declines following earnings, underscoring sensitivity to margins, guidance, and litigation-related expenses.
Historical Comparison
In the last five earnings-related releases, CTKB moved an average of 5.09%, with reactions ranging from steep selloffs to strong rallies, reflecting high sensitivity to financial details.
Earnings updates show revenue moving from solid growth in 2024 to flat-to-low growth in 2025, while operating expenses and litigation-related G&A have pressured margins and turned prior profits into recurring net losses.
Market Pulse Summary
This announcement delivered record quarterly revenue of $62.1M and full-year 2025 revenue of $201.5M, but with lower gross margins and a wider $66.5M net loss. Recurring revenue grew 21% and reached 34% of total, while 2026 guidance of $205–$212M implies low single‑digit growth. Historically, earnings have prompted volatile reactions, so investors may focus on margin trends, litigation‑driven G&A costs, and whether recurring revenue expansion can restore profitability.
Key Terms
adjusted ebitda financial
non-gaap financial
gross profit margin financial
valuation allowance financial
deferred tax assets financial
restricted stock units financial
constant currency financial
license and royalty settlement liability financial
AI-generated analysis. Not financial advice.
FREMONT, Calif., Feb. 26, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Cytek® Biosciences, Inc. (“Cytek Biosciences” or “Cytek”) (Nasdaq: CTKB), a leading cell analysis solutions company, today reported financial results for the fourth quarter and year ended December 31, 2025.
Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 Highlights
- Total revenue for the fourth quarter was
$62.1 million , an8% increase compared to the fourth quarter of 2024, and the highest quarterly revenue achieved historically at Cytek - Total revenue for the full year 2025 was
$201.5 million , a1% increase compared to the full year 2024 - Total recurring revenue, comprised of service and reagent revenues, grew
21% in 2025 compared to 2024, reaching34% of total revenue - Adjusted EBITDA in the year ended December 31, 2025 was
$5.0 million , compared to$22.4 million for the full year 2024 - Expanded to a total installed base of 3,664 Cytek instruments, with 630 total instruments placed during 2025. Unit placements of Cytek’s Aurora CS system grew
22% in 2025 over the prior year. - Launched the Cytek Aurora™ Evo system, a new full spectrum flow cytometer that improves on Cytek’s flagship Aurora system and offers faster sample throughput, automated instrument startup and shutdown, enhanced resolution for small particle detection, and data harmonization
- Launched the Cytek® Muse® Micro cell analyzer, which was awarded the 2025 Biotech Breakthrough Award for Drug Discovery Solution of the Year and highlights Cytek’s commitment to making cell analysis accessible, intuitive and cost-effective for laboratories of all sizes
“We were pleased by our fourth quarter revenue growth, which marked a clear acceleration versus the prior year and a continuation of the positive trends we saw earlier in 2025. Our revenue performance in the quarter was driven by strong momentum in FSP instrument sales in all major markets worldwide alongside sustained growth in our recurring revenue streams. We were especially encouraged to see improving instrument demand in both the US and EMEA,” said Dr. Wenbin Jiang, CEO of Cytek Biosciences. “This broad-based execution positions us well for 2026, where our priorities will continue to focus on the growth of our high-margin recurring revenue lines, accelerating the adoption of our instrument platforms, advancing a pipeline of innovative new products, and delivering profitable, durable growth in the large cell analysis market.”
Fourth Quarter 2025 Financial Results
Total revenue for the fourth quarter of 2025 was
GAAP gross profit was
Operating expenses were
Research and development expenses were
Sales and marketing expenses were
General and administrative expenses were
Loss from operations in the fourth quarter of 2025 was
Adjusted EBITDA in the fourth quarter of 2025, after adjusting for stock-based compensation expense and foreign currency exchange impacts, declined to
Cash and marketable securities totaled
Full Year 2025 Financial Results
Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 was
GAAP gross profit was
Operating expenses were
Research and development expenses were
Sales and marketing expenses were
General and administrative expenses were
Loss from operations for the year ended December 31, 2025 was
Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2025, after adjusting for stock-based compensation expense and foreign currency impacts was
Cash and marketable securities totaled
2026 Revenue Outlook
Cytek Biosciences initiates its 2026 revenue guidance for full year 2026 revenue to be in the range of
Webcast Information
Cytek will host a conference call to discuss its fourth quarter and year end 2025 financial results on Thursday, February 26, 2026, at 1:30 p.m. Pacific Time / 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time. A webcast of the conference call can be accessed at investors.cytekbio.com.
About Cytek Biosciences, Inc.
Cytek Biosciences (Nasdaq: CTKB) is a leading cell analysis solutions company advancing the next generation of cell analysis tools by delivering high-resolution, high-content and high-sensitivity cell analysis utilizing its patented Full Spectrum Profiling™ (FSP®) technology. Cytek’s novel approach harnesses the power of information within the entire spectrum of a fluorescent signal to achieve a higher level of multiplexing with precision and sensitivity. Cytek’s platform includes: its core FSP instruments, the Cytek Aurora™, Northern Lights™, Cytek Aurora™ CS and Cytek Aurora™ Evo systems; the Muse® Micro system; the Cytek Orion™ reagent cocktail preparation system; the Enhanced Small Particle™ (ESP™) detection technology; the flow cytometers and imaging products under the Amnis® and Guava® brands; and reagents, software and services to provide a comprehensive and integrated suite of solutions for its customers. Cytek is headquartered in Fremont, California with offices and distribution channels across the globe. More information about the company and its products is available at www.cytekbio.com.
Cytek’s products are for research use only and not for use in diagnostic procedures (other than Cytek’s Northern Lights-CLC system and certain reagents, which are available for clinical use only in China and the European Union).
Cytek, Full Spectrum Profiling, FSP, Cytek Aurora, Northern Lights, Enhanced Small Particle, ESP, Muse, Cytek Orion, Amnis and Guava are trademarks of Cytek Biosciences, Inc.
In addition to filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), press releases, public conference calls and webcasts, Cytek uses its website (www.cytekbio.com), LinkedIn page and X account as channels of distribution of information about its company, products, planned financial and other announcements, attendance at upcoming investor and industry conferences and other matters. Such information may be deemed material information and Cytek may use these channels to comply with its disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Therefore, investors should monitor Cytek’s website, LinkedIn page, and X account in addition to following its SEC filings, news releases, public conference calls and webcasts.
Statement Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Information
Cytek has presented certain financial information in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and also on a non-GAAP basis for the three-month period and full year ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Management believes that non-GAAP financial measures, including “Adjusted gross profit,” “Adjusted gross profit margin,” “Adjusted EBITDA,” “Adjusted EBITDA excluding investment income,” and revenue on a “constant currency basis,” referenced in this release, taken in conjunction with GAAP financial measures, provide useful information for both management and investors by excluding certain non-cash and other expenses that are not indicative of the company’s core operating results. Management uses non-GAAP measures to compare the company’s performance relative to forecasts and strategic plans and to benchmark the company’s performance externally against competitors. Non-GAAP information is not prepared under a comprehensive set of accounting rules and should only be used to supplement an understanding of the company’s operating results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Cytek encourages investors to carefully consider its results under GAAP, as well as its supplemental non-GAAP information and the reconciliation between these presentations, to more fully understand its business. Reconciliations between GAAP and non-GAAP operating results are presented in the accompanying tables of this release.
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 as contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. All statements other than statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “potential,” “predict,” or “continue” or the negatives of these terms or variation of them or similar terminology, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding Cytek’s growth strategy, including Cytek’s ability to expand its global installed base, grow its recurring revenue streams, accelerate adoption of its instrument platforms, advance a pipeline of innovative new products, and deliver profitable, durable growth; and Cytek’s future financial performance, including its outlook for fiscal year 2026 and expectations for 2026 total revenue. These statements are based on management’s current expectations, forecasts, beliefs, assumptions and information currently available to management. These statements also deal with future events and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. In addition, new risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include global geopolitical, economic and market conditions; Cytek’s ability to manage the impacts of recent and future export controls and licensing requirements, tariffs and NIH funding policies on its business; Cytek’s ability to evaluate its prospects for future viability and predict future performance; Cytek’s ability to accurately forecast customer demand and adoption of its products; Cytek’s ability to recognize the anticipated benefits of collaborations; Cytek’s dependence on certain sole and single source suppliers; competition; market acceptance of Cytek’s current and potential products; Cytek’s ability to manage the growth and complexity of its organization, maintain relationships with customers and suppliers and hire and retain key employees; Cytek’s ability to manufacture its products in high-quality commercial quantities successfully and consistently to meet demand; Cytek’s ability to increase penetration in its existing markets and expand into adjacent markets; Cytek’s ability to secure additional distributors or maintain good relationships with its existing distributors; Cytek’s ability to successfully develop and introduce new products; Cytek’s ability to maintain, protect and enhance its intellectual property; Cytek’s ability to continue to stay in compliance with its material contractual obligations, applicable laws and regulations; and foreign currency exchange impacts. You should refer to the sections titled “Risk Factors” set forth in Cytek’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on November 5, 2025 and in Cytek’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 to be filed with the SEC on or about the date hereof, and other filings Cytek makes with the SEC from time to time for a discussion of important factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by Cytek’s forward-looking statements. Although Cytek believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, it cannot provide any assurance that these expectations will prove to be correct nor can it guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. The forward-looking statements in this press release are based on information available to Cytek as of the date hereof, and Cytek disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements provided to reflect any change in its expectations or any change in events, conditions, or circumstances on which any such statement is based, except as required by law. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing Cytek’s as of any date subsequent to the date of this press release. Information contained on, or that is referenced or can be accessed through, our website does not constitute part of this document, and inclusions of any website addresses herein are inactive textual references only.
Media Contact:
Stephanie Olsen
Lages & Associates
(949) 453-8080
stephanie@lages.com
Investor Contact:
Paul Goodson
Head of Investor Relations
Cytek Biosciences
pgoodson@cytekbio.com
| Cytek Biosciences, Inc. Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| (In thousands, except share and per share data) | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 90,853 | $ | 98,716 | ||||
| Restricted cash | — | 29 | ||||||
| Marketable securities | 170,676 | 179,145 | ||||||
| Trade accounts receivable, net | 62,509 | 60,588 | ||||||
| Inventories | 48,428 | 43,893 | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 19,530 | 14,075 | ||||||
| Total current assets | 391,996 | 396,446 | ||||||
| Deferred income tax assets, noncurrent | — | 33,374 | ||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 18,009 | 17,962 | ||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | 11,315 | 10,168 | ||||||
| Goodwill | 16,697 | 16,663 | ||||||
| Intangible assets, net | 16,821 | 20,128 | ||||||
| Other noncurrent assets | 6,704 | 4,759 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 461,542 | $ | 499,500 | ||||
| Liabilities and stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Trade accounts payable | $ | 6,410 | $ | 5,529 | ||||
| Legal settlement liability, current | 2,495 | 1,705 | ||||||
| Accrued expenses | 23,417 | 21,443 | ||||||
| Other current liabilities | 16,978 | 13,494 | ||||||
| Deferred revenue, current | 28,504 | 25,492 | ||||||
| Total current liabilities | 77,804 | 67,663 | ||||||
| Legal settlement liability, noncurrent | 6,786 | 9,036 | ||||||
| Deferred revenue, noncurrent | 18,339 | 16,098 | ||||||
| Operating lease liability, noncurrent | 14,042 | 7,552 | ||||||
| Long term debt | 525 | 1,050 | ||||||
| Other noncurrent liabilities | 2,307 | 2,364 | ||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 119,803 | $ | 103,763 | ||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||
| Common stock, | 129 | 129 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 441,107 | 430,791 | ||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (101,738 | ) | (35,199 | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 2,241 | 16 | ||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | 341,739 | 395,737 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 461,542 | $ | 499,500 | ||||
| Cytek Biosciences, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended December 31, | Twelve Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except share and per share data) | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Revenue, net: | ||||||||||||||||
| Product | $ | 46,594 | $ | 45,021 | $ | 144,233 | $ | 153,263 | ||||||||
| Service | $ | 15,547 | $ | 12,455 | $ | 57,260 | $ | 47,190 | ||||||||
| Total revenue, net | $ | 62,141 | $ | 57,476 | $ | 201,493 | 200,453 | |||||||||
| Cost of sales: | ||||||||||||||||
| Product | 21,635 | 19,044 | 69,813 | 69,088 | ||||||||||||
| Service | 7,621 | 4,780 | 27,220 | 20,259 | ||||||||||||
| Total cost of sales | 29,256 | 23,824 | 97,033 | 89,347 | ||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 32,885 | 33,652 | 104,460 | 111,106 | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 8,962 | 9,723 | 36,468 | 39,402 | ||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 13,131 | 11,874 | 49,440 | 49,114 | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 16,386 | 9,069 | 58,936 | 43,113 | ||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 38,479 | 30,666 | 144,844 | 131,629 | ||||||||||||
| (Loss) income from operations | (5,594 | ) | 2,986 | (40,384 | ) | (20,523 | ) | |||||||||
| Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest income (expense), net | 725 | 5,933 | (474 | ) | 5,239 | |||||||||||
| Interest income | 580 | 913 | 2,216 | 5,121 | ||||||||||||
| Other income, net | 258 | 491 | 8,801 | 4,463 | ||||||||||||
| Total other income, net | 1,563 | 7,337 | 10,543 | 14,823 | ||||||||||||
| (Loss) income before income taxes | (4,031 | ) | 10,323 | (29,841 | ) | (5,700 | ) | |||||||||
| Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | 40,045 | 680 | 36,698 | 320 | ||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | $ | (44,076 | ) | $ | 9,643 | $ | (66,539 | ) | $ | (6,020 | ) | |||||
| Less: net (loss) income allocated to noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted | $ | (44,076 | ) | $ | 9,643 | $ | (66,539 | ) | $ | (6,020 | ) | |||||
| Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders per share, basic | $ | (0.34 | ) | $ | 0.07 | $ | (0.52 | ) | $ | (0.05 | ) | |||||
| Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders per share, diluted | $ | (0.34 | ) | $ | 0.07 | $ | (0.52 | ) | $ | (0.05 | ) | |||||
| Weighted-average shares used in calculating net (loss) income per share, basic | 128,166,224 | 129,090,641 | 127,745,939 | 130,611,330 | ||||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares used in calculating net (loss) income per share, diluted | 128,166,224 | 130,860,114 | 127,745,939 | 130,611,330 | ||||||||||||
| Comprehensive (loss) income: | — | |||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | $ | (44,076 | ) | $ | 9,643 | $ | (66,539 | ) | $ | (6,020 | ) | |||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax | 1,383 | (39 | ) | 2,167 | 1,193 | |||||||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities | 38 | (47 | ) | 58 | 97 | |||||||||||
| Net comprehensive (loss) income | $ | (42,655 | ) | $ | 9,557 | $ | (64,314 | ) | $ | (4,730 | ) | |||||
| Cytek Biosciences, Inc. Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures (Unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended | Twelve months ended | |||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| GAAP gross profit | $ | 32,885 | $ | 33,652 | $ | 104,460 | $ | 111,106 | ||||||||
| Stock based compensation | $ | 893 | $ | 1,139 | $ | 3,995 | $ | 4,438 | ||||||||
| Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets | $ | 481 | $ | 498 | $ | 1,935 | $ | 1,997 | ||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted gross profit | $ | 34,259 | $ | 35,289 | $ | 110,390 | $ | 117,541 | ||||||||
| GAAP gross margin | 53 | % | 59 | % | 52 | % | 55 | % | ||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted gross margin | 55 | % | 61 | % | 55 | % | 59 | % | ||||||||
| GAAP net income | $ | (44,076 | ) | $ | 9,643 | $ | (66,539 | ) | $ | (6,020 | ) | |||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 3,045 | $ | 2,849 | $ | 11,978 | $ | 10,595 | ||||||||
| Provision for income taxes* | $ | 40,045 | $ | 680 | $ | 36,698 | $ | 320 | ||||||||
| Interest income | $ | (580 | ) | $ | (913 | ) | $ | (2,215 | ) | $ | (5,121 | ) | ||||
| Interest (income) expense, net | $ | (725 | ) | $ | (5,933 | ) | $ | 475 | $ | (5,240 | ) | |||||
| Foreign currency exchange gain (loss) | $ | 1,255 | $ | 1,764 | $ | (730 | ) | $ | 3,597 | |||||||
| Stock based compensation | $ | 5,527 | $ | 7,003 | $ | 24,585 | $ | 26,848 | ||||||||
| License and royalty settlement adjustment | $ | — | $ | (2,561 | ) | $ | — | $ | (2,561 | ) | ||||||
| Non-recurring deferred ATM facility offering cost write off | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 711 | $ | — | ||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA | $ | 4,491 | $ | 12,532 | $ | 4,963 | $ | 22,418 | ||||||||
| Investment income | $ | (1,805 | ) | $ | (2,298 | ) | $ | (8,075 | ) | $ | (8,016 | ) | ||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA excluding investment income | $ | 2,686 | $ | 10,234 | $ | (3,112 | ) | $ | 14,402 | |||||||
*The Company recorded valuation allowance of
| Revenue | Three months ended December 31, 2025 | Three months ended December 31, 2024 | Twelve months ended December 31, 2025 | Twelve months ended December 31, 2024 | ||||||||
| Unaudited | Unaudited | Unaudited | Unaudited | |||||||||
| As reported | 62,141 | 57,476 | 201,493 | 200,453 | ||||||||
| Non-GAAP constant currency | 60,161 | 58,590 | 198,247 | 201,346 | ||||||||
| FX Impact [$] | (1,980 | ) | 1,114 | (3,246 | ) | 893 | ||||||
| FX Impact [%] | (3.2 | )% | 1.9 | % | (1.6 | )% | 0.4 | % | ||||
*Revenue in Constant Currency. The Company defines revenue in constant currency as GAAP revenue adjusted for revenue reported in currencies other than United States dollars as if they were converted into United States dollars using the average exchange rates from the comparative period rather than the actual exchange rates in effect during the respective periods. The Company provides revenue in constant currency information as a framework for assessing how its underlying businesses performed period to period, excluding the effects of foreign currency fluctuations.