New England Journal of Medicine Publishes Phase 3 ASCENT-04/KEYNOTE-D19 Results Supporting Trodelvy® Plus Keytruda® as a Potential New Standard of Care in First-line PD-L1+ Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer

Key Terms

progression-free survival medical

Progression-free survival is the length of time during and after a treatment that a patient's disease does not get worse, measured from the start of treatment until the disease shows measurable signs of progression or the patient dies. Investors care because longer progression-free survival in clinical trials often signals that a drug is effective, improving chances of regulatory approval, market adoption, and revenue potential—think of it as a stopwatch showing how long a therapy can keep the illness at bay.

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A hazard ratio is a way scientists compare the chance of something happening over time between two groups, like patients taking different medicines. If the ratio is high, it means one group is more likely to experience the event sooner or more often, which helps determine how effective a treatment is or how risky a situation might be.

pd-l1 medical

PD-L1 is a protein found on the surface of some cells that acts like a stop sign for the immune system, telling certain immune cells to back off. It matters to investors because many cancer drugs and diagnostic tests target or measure PD-L1 to unlock immune responses or predict which patients will benefit, affecting clinical success, regulatory approval, and potential sales in the oncology market.

triple-negative breast cancer medical

Triple-negative breast cancer is a type of breast cancer that lacks three common markers used to identify and treat the disease effectively. Because it doesn’t respond to some targeted therapies, it can be more difficult to treat and may have a more aggressive progression. This impacts the development of new treatments and can influence the outlook for healthcare companies involved in cancer research and pharmaceuticals.

antibody-drug conjugate medical

An antibody-drug conjugate is a targeted medicine that combines an antibody, which can identify specific cells, with a powerful drug designed to destroy those cells. This approach allows for precise treatment, minimizing damage to healthy tissue. For investors, developments in this area can signal advances in cancer therapies and potential growth opportunities in the biotech sector.

blinded independent central review medical

Blinded independent central review is a quality-control step in clinical trials where outside medical experts, who do not know which patients received the experimental therapy, re-examine key measurements (like scans or lab results) to prevent bias. Think of it as neutral referees watching game footage without knowing the teams, which gives investors greater confidence that the trial results are fair, more reliable for regulators, and less likely to be overturned or disputed.

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RECIST v1.1 is a standardized set of rules used in cancer trials to measure how solid tumors change over time, defining when tumors shrink, grow, or stay the same based on imaging scans. Investors care because these consistent measurements determine key trial results and regulatory decisions—like whether a drug is seen as effective—so RECIST-based outcomes directly affect a therapy’s approval prospects, market potential, and company valuation.

ugt1a1 medical

UGT1A1 is a liver enzyme encoded by a gene that helps the body chemically modify and clear certain drugs and bilirubin, acting like a cleanup crew that tags substances so they can be removed. Genetic differences in UGT1A1 can change how fast people process medications, affecting drug safety, dosing and effectiveness; that makes the gene important to investors because it can drive demand for testing, influence regulatory labels, and affect a drug’s market success.

– Combination Reduced the Risk of Death or Disease Progression by 35% Versus Standard of Care in Frontline PD-L1+ Metastatic TNBC Setting –

FOSTER CITY, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: GILD) today announced The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) published the full results from the positive Phase 3 ASCENT-04/KEYNOTE-D19 study evaluating the combination of Trodelvy^® (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) plus Keytruda^® (pembrolizumab) in first-line PD-L1+ (CPS ≥10) metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). ASCENT-04 successfully met its primary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS) with a 35% (HR: 0.65; p<0.001) reduced risk of disease progression or death for Trodelvy plus Keytruda (n=221) versus standard of care Keytruda plus chemotherapy (n=222). Median PFS with Trodelvy plus Keytruda was 11.2 months versus 7.8 months when Keytruda was given in combination with chemotherapy.

“Metastatic TNBC patients often show rapid progression and poor outcomes after current first-line therapies, illustrating the urgent need for new and more efficacious treatment options,” said Dietmar Berger, MD, PhD, Chief Medical Officer, Gilead Sciences. “These results represent important progress toward our goal of delivering Trodelvy to patients in earlier lines of breast cancer treatment, with potential to become a backbone therapy for all frontline metastatic TNBC patients in need of innovative therapeutics.”

“Patients with PD-L1+ metastatic triple-negative breast cancer continue to face limited options in the first-line setting,” said Sara Tolaney, MD, MPH, Chief of the Division of Breast Oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Principal Investigator of the ASCENT-04 study. “As such, these very promising data with the novel combination of sacituzumab govitecan and pembrolizumab in frontline metastatic TNBC represent a meaningful step forward in establishing a potential new standard of care for this challenging disease.”

The NEJM publication of the ASCENT-04 results follow a data presentation at the 2025 ASCO Annual Congress, as well a simultaneous presentation at the 2025 European Society for Medical Oncology Congress and publication in NEJM of primary results from the ASCENT-03 trial of Trodelvy monotherapy in patients with first-line metastatic TNBC who are not candidates for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Gilead has submitted supplemental applications for both indications to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency.

The safety profile of Trodelvy plus Keytruda in ASCENT-04 was consistent with the known safety profile of each agent. No new safety signals were identified with the combination, and the combination did not exacerbate the safety profile of either therapy. The most frequent (≥10% of patients) grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events with Trodelvy plus Keytruda were neutropenia (43%) and diarrhea (10%), and with Keytruda plus chemotherapy were neutropenia (45%), anemia (16%) and thrombocytopenia (14%). Fewer patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events on the Trodelvy plus Keytruda arm than with Keytruda plus chemotherapy (12% vs. 31%).

Healthcare professionals have well-established experience with Trodelvy, with more than 60,000 breast cancer patients treated across 50+ countries over the past five years. It remains the only Trop-2-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) to demonstrate meaningful survival benefits in both 2L+ metastatic TNBC and pre-treated HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer. With ASCENT, TROPiCS-02, ASCENT-03 and ASCENT-04, Trodelvy is also the only ADC with four positive Phase 3 trials in HER2- mBC (IHC 0, IHC 1+, or IHC 2+/ISH–).

The use of Trodelvy plus Keytruda in patients with first-line PD-L1+ metastatic TNBC and Trodelvy as monotherapy in patients with first-line metastatic TNBC who are not candidates for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are investigational, and the safety and efficacy of these uses have not been established.

KEYTRUDA^® is a registered trademark of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.

About Triple-Negative Breast Cancer with PD-L1+ Tumors

TNBC is the most aggressive type of breast cancer and has historically been difficult to treat, accounting for approximately 15% of all breast cancers. TNBC disproportionally impacts younger, premenopausal, and Black and Hispanic women. TNBC cells do not have estrogen and progesterone receptors and have limited HER2 expression. Due to the nature of TNBC, treatment options are extremely limited compared with other breast cancer types. TNBC has a higher chance of recurrence and metastases than other breast cancer types. The average time to metastatic recurrence for TNBC is approximately 2.6 years compared with 5 years for other breast cancers, and the relative five-year survival rate is much lower. Among women with metastatic TNBC, the five-year survival rate is 12%, compared with 28% for those with other types of mBC.

Despite progress in treatment, first-line metastatic TNBC has seen limited new approvals in recent years for tumors that express PD-L1+, and additional options are urgently needed. Despite recent advances, over 50% of patients do not receive treatment beyond first-line, reinforcing the urgent need for new options to help improve patient outcomes. Breast cancers expressing PD-L1 are overall more aggressive and associated with reduced survival time.

About the ASCENT-04/KEYNOTE-D19 Study

In 2021, Gilead entered a collaboration with Merck & Co. to investigate Trodelvy in combination with Keytruda in the Phase 3 trial, ASCENT-04/KEYNOTE-D19. The ASCENT-04/KEYNOTE-D19 study is a global, open-label, randomized Phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of Trodelvy in combination with Keytruda compared with treatment of chemotherapy plus Keytruda in patients with previously untreated, inoperable locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) whose tumors express PD-L1. The study enrolled 443 patients across multiple study sites.

Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either Trodelvy (10 mg/kg intravenously on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle) plus Keytruda (200 mg intravenously on Day 1 of a 21-day cycle) or chemotherapy plus Keytruda. The chemotherapy regimen included gemcitabine plus carboplatin, paclitaxel, or nab-paclitaxel. Treatment continued until blinded independent central review (BICR)-verified disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients randomized to chemotherapy were allowed to cross over and receive Trodelvy upon disease progression as part of the study.

The primary endpoint of the study is progression-free survival (PFS) as determined by BICR using RECIST v1.1. Secondary endpoints include overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), time to onset of response (TTR), patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and safety.

More information about ASCENT-04/KEYNOTE-D19 is available at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05382286.

About Trodelvy

Trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) is a first-in-class Trop-2-directed antibody-drug conjugate. Trop-2 is a cell surface antigen highly expressed in multiple tumor types, including in more than 90% of breast and lung cancers. Trodelvy is intentionally designed with a proprietary hydrolyzable linker attached to SN-38, a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload. This unique combination delivers potent activity to both Trop-2 expressing cells and the tumor microenvironment through a bystander effect.

Trodelvy is currently approved in more than 50 countries for second-line or later metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and in more than 40 countries for certain patients with pre-treated HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (mBC).

Trodelvy is currently being evaluated in multiple ongoing Phase 3 trials across a range of tumor types with high Trop-2 expression. These studies with Trodelvy, both in monotherapy and in combination with pembrolizumab, involve earlier lines of treatment for TNBC and HR+/HER2- breast cancer—including in curative settings—as well as in lung and gynecologic cancers, where previous proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated clinical activity.

INDICATIONS

TRODELVY^® (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) is a Trop-2-directed antibody and topoisomerase inhibitor conjugate indicated for the treatment of adult patients with:

• Unresectable locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) who have received two or more prior systemic therapies, at least one of them for metastatic disease.
• Unresectable locally advanced or metastatic hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (IHC 0, IHC 1+ or IHC 2+/ISH–) breast cancer who have received endocrine-based therapy and at least two additional systemic therapies in the metastatic setting.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

BOXED WARNING: NEUTROPENIA AND DIARRHEA

• TRODELVY can cause severe, life-threatening, or fatal neutropenia. Withhold TRODELVY for absolute neutrophil count below 1500/mm³ or neutropenic fever. Monitor blood cell counts periodically during treatment. Primary prophylaxis with G-CSF is recommended for all patients at increased risk of febrile neutropenia. Initiate anti-infective treatment in patients with febrile neutropenia without delay.

• TRODELVY can cause severe diarrhea. Monitor patients with diarrhea and give fluid and electrolytes as needed. At the onset of diarrhea, evaluate for infectious causes and, if negative, promptly initiate loperamide. If severe diarrhea occurs, withhold TRODELVY until resolved to ≤ Grade 1 and reduce subsequent doses.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

• Severe hypersensitivity reaction to TRODELVY.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

Neutropenia: Severe, life-threatening, or fatal neutropenia can occur as early as the first cycle of treatment and may require dose modification. Neutropenia occurred in 64% of patients treated with TRODELVY. Grade 3-4 neutropenia occurred in 49% of patients. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 6%. Neutropenic colitis occurred in 1.4%. Primary prophylaxis with G-CSF is recommended starting in the first cycle of treatment in all patients at increased risk of febrile neutropenia, including older patients, patients with previous neutropenia, poor performance status, organ dysfunction, or multiple comorbidities. Monitor absolute neutrophil count (ANC) during treatment. Withhold TRODELVY for ANC below 1500/mm³ on Day 1 of any cycle or below 1000/mm³ on Day 8 of any cycle. Withhold TRODELVY for neutropenic fever. Treat neutropenia with G-CSF and administer prophylaxis in subsequent cycles as clinically indicated or indicated in Table 2 of USPI.

Diarrhea: Diarrhea occurred in 64% of all patients treated with TRODELVY. Grade 3-4 diarrhea occurred in 11% of patients. One patient had intestinal perforation following diarrhea. Diarrhea that led to dehydration and subsequent acute kidney injury occurred in 0.7% of all patients. Withhold TRODELVY for Grade 3-4 diarrhea and resume when resolved to ≤ Grade 1. At onset, evaluate for infectious causes and if negative, promptly initiate loperamide, 4 mg initially followed by 2 mg with every episode of diarrhea for a maximum of 16 mg daily. Discontinue loperamide 12 hours after diarrhea resolves. Additional supportive measures (e.g., fluid and electrolyte substitution) may also be employed as clinically indicated. Patients who exhibit an excessive cholinergic response to treatment can receive appropriate premedication (e.g., atropine) for subsequent treatments.

Hypersensitivity and Infusion-Related Reactions: TRODELVY can cause serious hypersensitivity reactions including life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. Severe signs and symptoms included cardiac arrest, hypotension, wheezing, angioedema, swelling, pneumonitis, and skin reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions within 24 hours of dosing occurred in 35% of patients. Grade 3-4 hypersensitivity occurred in 2% of patients. The incidence of hypersensitivity reactions leading to permanent discontinuation of TRODELVY was 0.2%. The incidence of anaphylactic reactions was 0.2%. Pre-infusion medication is recommended. Have medications and emergency equipment to treat such reactions available for immediate use. Observe patients closely for hypersensitivity and infusion-related reactions during each infusion and for at least 30 minutes after completion of each infusion. Permanently discontinue TRODELVY for Grade 4 infusion-related reactions.

Nausea and Vomiting: TRODELVY is emetogenic and can cause severe nausea and vomiting. Nausea occurred in 64% of all patients treated with TRODELVY and Grade 3-4 nausea occurred in 3% of these patients. Vomiting occurred in 35% of patients and Grade 3-4 vomiting occurred in 2% of these patients. Premedicate with a two or three drug combination regimen (e.g., dexamethasone with either a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist or an NK₁ receptor antagonist as well as other drugs as indicated) for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Withhold TRODELVY doses for Grade 3 nausea or Grade 3-4 vomiting and resume with additional supportive measures when resolved to Grade ≤ 1. Additional antiemetics and other supportive measures may also be employed as clinically indicated. All patients should be given take-home medications with clear instructions for prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting.

Increased Risk of Adverse Reactions in Patients with Reduced UGT1A1 Activity: Patients homozygous for the uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)*28 allele are at increased risk for neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and anemia and may be at increased risk for other adverse reactions with TRODELVY. The incidence of Grade 3-4 neutropenia was 58% in patients homozygous for the UGT1A1*28, 49% in patients heterozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele, and 43% in patients homozygous for the wild-type allele. The incidence of Grade 3-4 anemia was 21% in patients homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele, 10% in patients heterozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele, and 9% in patients homozygous for the wild-type allele. Closely monitor patients with known reduced UGT1A1 activity for adverse reactions. Withhold or permanently discontinue TRODELVY based on clinical assessment of the onset, duration and severity of the observed adverse reactions in patients with evidence of acute early-onset or unusually severe adverse reactions, which may indicate reduced UGT1A1 function.

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Based on its mechanism of action, TRODELVY can cause teratogenicity and/or embryo-fetal lethality when administered to a pregnant woman. TRODELVY contains a genotoxic component, SN-38, and targets rapidly dividing cells. Advise pregnant women and females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with TRODELVY and for 6 months after the last dose. Advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with TRODELVY and for 3 months after the last dose.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

In the pooled safety population, the most common (≥ 25%) adverse reactions including laboratory abnormalities were decreased leukocyte count (84%), decreased neutrophil count (75%), decreased hemoglobin (69%), diarrhea (64%), nausea (64%), decreased lymphocyte count (63%), fatigue (51%), alopecia (45%), constipation (37%), increased glucose (37%), decreased albumin (35%), vomiting (35%), decreased appetite (30%), decreased creatinine clearance (28%), increased alkaline phosphatase (28%), decreased magnesium (27%), decreased potassium (26%), and decreased sodium (26%).

In the ASCENT study (locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer), the most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥25%) were fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, alopecia, constipation, vomiting, abdominal pain, and decreased appetite. The most frequent serious adverse reactions (SAR) (>1%) were neutropenia (7%), diarrhea (4%), and pneumonia (3%). SAR were reported in 27% of patients, and 5% discontinued therapy due to adverse reactions. The most common Grade 3-4 lab abnormalities (incidence ≥25%) in the ASCENT study were reduced neutrophils, leukocytes, and lymphocytes.

In the TROPiCS-02 study (locally advanced or metastatic HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer), the most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥25%) were diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, alopecia, and constipation. The most frequent serious adverse reactions (SAR) (>1%) were diarrhea (5%), febrile neutropenia (4%), neutropenia (3%), abdominal pain, colitis, neutropenic colitis, pneumonia, and vomiting (each 2%). SAR were reported in 28% of patients, and 6% discontinued therapy due to adverse reactions. The most common Grade 3-4 lab abnormalities (incidence ≥25%) in the TROPiCS-02 study were reduced neutrophils and leukocytes.

DRUG INTERACTIONS

UGT1A1 Inhibitors: Concomitant administration of TRODELVY with inhibitors of UGT1A1 may increase the incidence of adverse reactions due to potential increase in systemic exposure to SN-38. Avoid administering UGT1A1 inhibitors with TRODELVY.

UGT1A1 Inducers: Exposure to SN-38 may be reduced in patients concomitantly receiving UGT1A1 enzyme inducers. Avoid administering UGT1A1 inducers with TRODELVY.

Please see full Prescribing Information, including BOXED WARNING.

About Gilead and Kite Oncology

Gilead and Kite Oncology are working to transform how cancer is treated. We are innovating with next-generation therapies, combinations and technologies to deliver improved outcomes for people with cancer. We are purposefully building our oncology portfolio and pipeline to address the greatest gaps in care. From antibody-drug conjugate technologies and small molecules to cell therapy-based approaches, we are creating new possibilities for people with cancer.

About Gilead Sciences

Gilead Sciences, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company that has pursued and achieved breakthroughs in medicine for more than three decades, with the goal of creating a healthier world for all people. The company is committed to advancing innovative medicines to prevent and treat life-threatening diseases, including HIV, viral hepatitis, COVID-19, cancer and inflammation. In 2025, Gilead announced a planned $32 billion investment to further strengthen its U.S. footprint to power the next era of discovery, job creation and public health preparedness – while continuing to invest globally to ensure patients everywhere benefit from its scientific innovation. Gilead operates in more than 35 countries worldwide, with headquarters in Foster City, Calif.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, including Gilead’s ability to initiate, progress or complete clinical trials or studies within currently anticipated timelines or at all, and the possibility of unfavorable results from ongoing and additional clinical trials or studies, including those involving Trodelvy; uncertainties relating to regulatory applications and related filing and approval timelines, including potential applications for programs and/or indications currently under evaluation, and the risk that any regulatory approvals, if granted, may be subject to significant limitations on use or subject to withdrawal or other adverse actions by the applicable regulatory authority; the possibility that Gilead may make a strategic decision to discontinue development of these programs and, as a result, these programs may never be successfully commercialized for the indications currently under evaluation; and any assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. These and other risks, uncertainties and factors are described in detail in Gilead’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. These risks, uncertainties and other factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those referred to in the forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements. The reader is cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties and is cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to Gilead, and Gilead assumes no obligation and disclaims any intent to update any such forward-looking statements.

Trodelvy, Gilead and the Gilead logo are trademarks of Gilead Sciences, Inc., or its related companies.

U.S. Prescribing Information for Trodelvy, including BOXED WARNING, is available at www.gilead.com.

For more information about Gilead, please visit the company’s website at www.gilead.com, follow Gilead on X/Twitter (@Gilead Sciences) and LinkedIn (@Gilead-Sciences).

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260120151830/en/

Ashleigh Koss, Media

public_affairs@gilead.com

Jacquie Ross, Investors

investor_relations@gilead.com

Source: Gilead Sciences, Inc.