Hot markets and home feature fads: How the pandemic changed home buying

Rhea-AI Summary

Zillow's analysis reveals dramatic changes in the U.S. housing market over the past five years since the pandemic's start. Home values have surged 45.3% nationally, with Miami leading both home value and rent growth among major metros. The number of million-dollar homes has increased by approximately 989,000, now totaling about 1.65 million nationwide.

The typical $1 million home has shrunk by 70 square feet to 2,388 square feet. Construction has responded strongly, with over 1 million single-family home starts in 2021. Houston, Dallas, Phoenix, Atlanta, and Austin led in single-family permits.

Buyer preferences have evolved, with outdoor features remaining popular - homes with outdoor kitchens and pizza ovens commanding 2% price premiums. Virtual home shopping has gained significant traction, with Zillow 3D Home tour listings quadrupling since December 2022. Buyers are now conducting fewer in-person tours, with only 15% attending five or more private showings in 2024, down from 31% in 2020.

Positive

• Record 45.3% national home value growth since February 2020
• Construction boom with over 1 million single-family home starts in 2021
• Significant increase in virtual home touring adoption, reducing buying friction
• 989,000 increase in million-dollar homes nationwide

Negative

• Decreased home affordability due to surging prices
• Typical $1 million home shrunk by 70 square feet nationally
• Some markets experienced significant price volatility (e.g., Austin's 14% decline)
• Rising mortgage rates squeezing buyers' budgets

Record price growth, new in-demand features and a rise in virtual home touring mark the past five years in the housing market

• U.S. home values are up 45% since the start of the pandemic five years ago. Home values and rents shot up most significantly in Miami.
• There are nearly a million more $1 million homes nationwide than there were five years ago.
• Demand for outdoor home features has stuck, while the "cloffice" proved to be a fad.

SEATTLE, Feb. 27, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- The housing market of today looks remarkably different from the market five years ago, just before the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a global pandemic in March 2020. Since then, home values and rents have surged to record highs, the number of $1 million homes has more than doubled, and both what buyers want in a home and how they shop for one have changed, perhaps permanently.

"A perfect cocktail of lower mortgage rates, higher savings and a growing desire for space drove housing demand to new heights during the pandemic. Just about every major market experienced price growth far above what they'd become accustomed to, resetting the financial bar for homeownership," said Orphe Divounguy, senior economist at Zillow®. "While the financial hurdle is higher, the home-shopping process has improved. Virtual tools are helping buyers make more informed decisions and reducing the time they spend on in-person tours."

Home values and rent prices
Nationally, home values have grown 45.3% since February 2020, just before the pandemic. That's more than a decade's worth of typical growth packed into just five years.

The hottest market over that period is Miami, where home values and rents have grown more than any other major metro area. Tampa and Hartford are also among the top five for growth in both home values and rents since the pandemic started.

Home values in Austin took the wildest ride during the pandemic. Austin easily eclipsed any other market in terms of the highest year-over-year growth reached, with home values growing 40.3% during the early pandemic frenzy in the year ending August 2021. However, Austin also experienced the biggest year-over-year decline as rising mortgage rates chilled buyer demand and new construction helped ease competition, with home values falling 14% in the year ending July 2023. Overall, Austin home values are 37.8% higher than they were in February 2020.

In New York City, median asking rents have increased 24.1% since the start of the pandemic to $3,600, according to Zillow's New York City brand, StreetEasy. The Bronx saw the sharpest rise in rents of any borough (42.3%), while Queens rents began rising quickly in 2022 as growing affordability challenges in Brooklyn and Manhattan pushed more renters to consider other areas.

What $1 million can buy
Skyrocketing prices over the past five years sent the value of nearly a million more homes above the $1 million threshold. There are now just under 1,650,000 homes worth at least $1 million nationwide, about 989,000 more than when the pandemic started.

Nationally, the typical $1 million home is about 70 square feet smaller than when the pandemic began, at 2,388 square feet, and it still includes four bedrooms and three bathrooms. In three major metro areas — Indianapolis, Hartford and Nashville — the typical $1 million home lost more than 1,000 square feet, with Buffalo (-999 square feet) and Raleigh (-996 square feet) just missing that bar. 

Construction boom putting a ceiling on price growth
Builders reacted in a big way to the surge in housing demand, with more than 1 million single-family home starts in 2021, reaching that milestone for the first time since 2007. 

The metro areas with the most single-family permits since 2020 are Houston, Dallas, Phoenix, Atlanta and Austin. In each of these markets, the new homes hitting the market have helped to ease what was red-hot price growth and to improve affordability.

With rising mortgage rates squeezing buyers' budgets, builders have pivoted to build more higher-density homes, such as townhomes and condos, in recent years, allowing them to keep prices within reach while mitigating rising land and material costs.

Some in-demand features stuck — and some did not (sorry, 'cloffices')
While stuck at home during the pandemic, functional home features often outweighed style — buyers prioritized backyards over barn doors. Five years later, outdoor features remain highly sought after, with buyers willing to pay at least 2% more for homes with outdoor kitchens, pizza ovens and bluestone patios. Even amid the skyscrapers of New York City, searches for rentals with outdoor space jumped 128% last year, according to data from StreetEasy.

A few pandemic-era must-haves proved to be short-lived fads. "Cloffices" — micro home offices carved out of closets — are one such example, showing up in half as many for-sale listings on Zillow by the end of 2023. A similar fate befell "Zoom rooms," office sheds and a spot for an exercise bike.

The pandemic supercharged virtual home shopping
Buyers are spending less time touring homes in person than they did before the pandemic, likely in part because they are better able to understand floor plans with improved digital tools. The share of for-sale listings on Zillow with a Zillow 3D Home tour has more than quadrupled since December 2022, the earliest data available.

That evolution may progress more rapidly in the coming years with innovations like Zillow Showcase, which features AI-powered listings with immersive media to give richer insights into a home's layout and features. Zillow Showcase listings drive more views, saves and shares compared to similar nearby non-Showcase listings on Zillow.

The demand for these types of online tools is growing. Seven out of 10 buyers say 3D tours help them get a better feel for the space than static photos (up from 52% in 2019), and 62% say they wish more listings had 3D tours (up from 46% in 2019).

A smaller share of buyers now say they wasted time during their home search by viewing properties they would have skipped if they better understood the floor plan ahead of time (50% now versus 54% in 2020). Fewer buyers also say they attended five or more open houses (17% in 2020 versus 7% in 2024) or private home tours (31% in 2020 versus 15% in 2024).

Metro Area*	Home Value Growth Since February 2020	Rent Growth Since February 2020	New Single-Family Home Permits, January 2020– November 2024	Typical $1 Million  Home Size, January 2020 (Square Feet)	Typical $1 Million Home Size, January 2025 (Square Feet)
United States	45.3 %	33.4 %	4,900,000	2,455	2,388
New York, NY**	35.1 %	25.8 %	59,522	2,325	2,240
Los Angeles, CA	43.8 %	26.0 %	53,682	2,141	1,626
Chicago, IL	36.6 %	28.2 %	42,732	3,500	3,290
Dallas, TX	43.8 %	27.7 %	217,456	4,734	3,791
Houston, TX	36.8 %	22.4 %	245,425	3,957	3,872
Washington, DC	31.4 %	22.6 %	58,382	2,683	2,758
Philadelphia, PA	45.6 %	29.0 %	39,373	4,250	3,650
Miami, FL	61.1 %	54.1 %	33,196	2,757	2,429
Atlanta, GA	53.9 %	36.0 %	133,666	4,334	3,897
Boston, MA	42.8 %	24.7 %	20,992	2,544	2,336
Phoenix, AZ	52.6 %	36.6 %	145,790	3,629	2,964
San Francisco, CA	22.7 %	6.8 %	16,969	1,470	1,409
Riverside, CA	52.6 %	45.3 %	57,405	3,605	2,832
Detroit, MI	40.6 %	38.1 %	24,208	4,370	3,821
Seattle, WA	45.6 %	22.1 %	36,060	2,530	2,116
Minneapolis, MN	27.3 %	15.9 %	46,887	3,887	3,614
San Diego, CA	55.6 %	39.2 %	15,574	2,435	1,759
Tampa, FL	58.0 %	53.1 %	76,729	3,223	2,832
Denver, CO	34.7 %	20.8 %	51,712	3,763	3,168
Baltimore, MD	31.2 %	27.9 %	19,797	4,527	3,631
St. Louis, MO	41.2 %	37.6 %	24,869	4,300	3,711
Orlando, FL	53.1 %	36.9 %	80,113	4,094	3,442
Charlotte, NC	58.2 %	34.9 %	92,214	4,266	3,600
San Antonio, TX	31.5 %	19.4 %	53,696	4,319	3,594
Portland, OR	32.1 %	23.9 %	33,699	3,616	3,126
Sacramento, CA	33.8 %	31.1 %	40,411	3,300	2,802
Pittsburgh, PA	31.2 %	26.2 %	12,262	4,668	3,892
Cincinnati, OH	48.1 %	39.9 %	22,347	4,296	3,756
Austin, TX	37.8 %	17.6 %	97,962	3,155	3,030
Las Vegas, NV	47.6 %	35.9 %	51,948	4,107	3,362
Kansas City, MO	46.6 %	38.2 %	27,112	4,411	3,736
Columbus, OH	49.9 %	35.8 %	28,188	3,800	3,500
Indianapolis, IN	50.9 %	41.5 %	41,928	6,599	5,042
Cleveland, OH	48.0 %	42.1 %	N/A	5,249	4,536
San Jose, CA	44.2 %	10.2 %	11,715	1,562	1,263
Nashville, TN	48.6 %	28.5 %	73,964	4,078	3,051
Virginia Beach, VA	42.2 %	42.0 %	20,036	4,000	3,528
Providence, RI	55.4 %	50.4 %	N/A	3,060	2,730
Jacksonville, FL	50.1 %	37.6 %	68,308	3,819	3,084
Milwaukee, WI	42.5 %	31.0 %	7,864	4,775	3,969
Oklahoma City, OK	43.1 %	32.9 %	31,662	4,832	4,277
Raleigh, NC	51.6 %	30.5 %	64,417	4,723	3,727
Memphis, TN	45.0 %	39.8 %	17,645	5,738	5,026
Richmond, VA	47.4 %	39.0 %	25,082	4,332	3,830
Louisville, KY	38.8 %	37.2 %	17,660	4,900	4,377
New Orleans, LA	3.0 %	28.1 %	13,903	3,628	3,660
Salt Lake City, UT	47.9 %	31.9 %	20,869	3,854	3,000
Hartford, CT	58.1 %	44.4 %	N/A	5,109	3,818
Buffalo, NY	52.8 %	39.9 %	N/A	5,134	4,135
Birmingham, AL	36.8 %	32.8 %	16,029	5,347	4,590

*	Table ordered by market size
**	Full New York City metro area

About Zillow Group:
Zillow Group, Inc. (Nasdaq: Z and ZG) is reimagining real estate to make home a reality for more and more people. As the most visited real estate website in the United States, Zillow and its affiliates help people find and get the home they want by connecting them with digital solutions, dedicated partners and agents, and easier buying, selling, financing, and renting experiences.

Zillow Group's affiliates, subsidiaries and brands include Zillow®, Zillow Premier Agent®, Zillow Home Loans℠, Zillow Rentals®, Trulia®, Out East®, StreetEasy®, HotPads®, ShowingTime+℠, Spruce®, and Follow Up Boss®.

All marks herein are owned by MFTB Holdco, Inc., a Zillow affiliate. Zillow Home Loans, LLC is an Equal Housing Lender, NMLS #10287 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). © 2025 MFTB Holdco, Inc., a Zillow affiliate.

 

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SOURCE Zillow

FAQ

How much have U.S. home values increased since the start of the pandemic?

U.S. home values have increased by 45.3% since February 2020, representing more than a decade's worth of typical growth in just five years.

Which city experienced the most extreme home value fluctuations during the pandemic?

Austin saw the most volatile changes, with a peak growth of 40.3% in August 2021, followed by the largest decline of 14% in July 2023, resulting in a net 37.8% increase since February 2020.

How has the $1 million home market changed in the last five years?

There are now approximately 989,000 more million-dollar homes than pre-pandemic, totaling about 1.65 million nationwide. The typical $1 million home is 70 square feet smaller than in 2020.

Which home features have remained popular since the pandemic?

Outdoor features like outdoor kitchens, pizza ovens, and bluestone patios remain highly sought after, with buyers willing to pay 2% more for homes with these amenities.

How has virtual home touring transformed the buying process?

Virtual touring has significantly increased, with Zillow 3D Home tour listings quadrupling since December 2022. Only 15% of buyers now attend five or more private showings, down from 31% in 2020.