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[10-Q] AGENUS INC Quarterly Earnings Report

Filing Impact
(Neutral)
Filing Sentiment
(Neutral)
Form Type
10-Q
Rhea-AI Filing Summary

Agenus Inc. reported Q3 2025 results. Total revenues were $30.2 million, driven mainly by non-cash royalty revenue. The company posted an operating loss of $4.5 million, but recorded a $100.9 million gain from the deconsolidation of MiNK Therapeutics, leading to net income of $63.9 million for the quarter.

On the balance sheet, cash and cash equivalents were $3.5 million as of September 30, 2025. The principal amount of outstanding debt was $35.6 million, and the liability related to the sale of future royalties and milestones was $295.2 million as of September 30, 2025. Shares outstanding were 34,008,349 as of November 7, 2025.

Management disclosed that, despite post-quarter cash actions—including a $10.0 million Zydus promissory note and $4.5 million raised via at-the-market sales—and anticipated $91.0 million from Zydus Lifesciences agreements in Q1 2026, substantial doubt continues to exist about the company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year after filing. The quarter also reflects the shift to accounting for MiNK under the equity method (fair value option).

Positive
  • None.
Negative
  • Going concern: Company states substantial doubt about ability to continue as a going concern for one year after filing, despite post-quarter financings.

Insights

Net income is one-time; liquidity and going concern dominate.

The quarter’s headline profit stems from a $100.9 million gain on MiNK deconsolidation, not core operations. Operating loss was $4.5 million, and interest expense remained elevated. Balance sheet obligations include a liability related to future royalties and milestones of $295.2 million as of September 30, 2025, plus debt principal of $35.6 million.

Cash was $3.5 million at quarter end. Management cites post-quarter financing steps ($10.0 million Zydus note; $4.5 million ATM) and anticipates $91.0 million from Zydus Lifesciences agreements in Q1 2026, yet explicitly states substantial doubt about continuing as a going concern for one year after filing.

The investment view hinges on near-term funding execution and the timing and receipt of expected cash inflows. Actual impact will depend on completed financings and receipt of the Zydus amounts.

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

Form 10-Q

 

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025

or

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 000-29089

Agenus Inc.

(exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

Delaware

 

06-1562417

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

3 Forbes Road, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(781) 674-4400

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

 

Title of each class

Trading symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock, par value $0.01

AGEN

The Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

 

 

 

 

Emerging growth company

 

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No

 

Number of shares outstanding of the issuer’s Common Stock as of November 7, 2025: 34,008,349 shares.

 

 


 

 

Agenus Inc.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

Table of Contents

 

 

 

 

Page

PART I

 

 

ITEM 1.

 

Financial Statements:

 

2

 

 

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2024

 

2

 

 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)

 

4

 

 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Deficit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)

 

5

 

 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)

 

8

 

 

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

10

ITEM 2.

 

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

27

ITEM 3.

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

32

ITEM 4.

 

Controls and Procedures

 

33

 

 

 

PART II

 

 

ITEM 1.

 

Legal Proceedings

 

34

ITEM 1A.

 

Risk Factors

 

34

ITEM 5.

 

Other Information

 

34

ITEM 6.

 

Exhibits

 

35

 

 

Signatures

 

36

 

 

 

 


 

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

AGENUS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

2


 

 

 

September 30, 2025
(unaudited)

 

 

December 31, 2024

 

ASSETS

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

3,458

 

 

$

40,437

 

Accounts receivable

 

 

538

 

 

 

407

 

Related party note receivable from MiNK Therapeutics, Inc.

 

 

5,725

 

 

 

 

Prepaid expenses

 

 

885

 

 

 

2,315

 

Assets held for sale

 

 

122,149

 

 

 

 

Other current assets

 

 

1,195

 

 

 

2,415

 

Total current assets

 

 

133,950

 

 

 

45,574

 

Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated amortization and depreciation of
   $
47,166 and $72,553 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively

 

 

15,987

 

 

 

120,087

 

Operating lease right-of-use assets

 

 

8,027

 

 

 

27,308

 

Goodwill

 

 

24,092

 

 

 

24,092

 

Acquired intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $17,240 and
   $
16,986 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively

 

 

3,122

 

 

 

3,376

 

Equity method investment in MiNK Therapeutics, Inc.

 

 

30,482

 

 

 

 

Due from related parties (MiNK Therapeutics, Inc.)

 

 

15,043

 

 

 

 

Other long-term assets

 

 

3,188

 

 

 

5,834

 

Total assets

 

$

233,891

 

 

$

226,271

 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current portion, long-term debt

 

$

10,610

 

 

$

2,698

 

Current portion, liability related to sale of future royalties and milestones

 

 

103,047

 

 

 

111,978

 

Current portion, deferred revenue

 

 

45

 

 

 

31

 

Current portion, operating lease liabilities

 

 

1,113

 

 

 

2,446

 

Accounts payable

 

 

85,289

 

 

 

61,470

 

Accrued liabilities

 

 

31,752

 

 

 

34,961

 

Liabilities held for sale

 

 

54,566

 

 

 

 

Other current liabilities

 

 

710

 

 

 

7,817

 

Total current liabilities

 

 

287,132

 

 

 

221,401

 

Long-term debt, net of current portion

 

 

23,599

 

 

 

30,473

 

Liability related to sale of future royalties and milestones, net of current portion

 

 

192,126

 

 

 

224,389

 

Deferred revenue, net of current portion

 

 

1,143

 

 

 

1,143

 

Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion

 

 

10,383

 

 

 

54,551

 

Other long-term liabilities

 

 

376

 

 

 

738

 

Commitments and contingencies

 

 

 

 

 

 

STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

 

 

 

 

 

 

Series A-1 convertible preferred stock; 31,620 shares designated, issued, and
   outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; liquidation value
   of $
34,263 at September 30, 2025

 

 

0

 

 

 

0

 

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 800,000,000 shares authorized;
   
32,814,429 and 23,634,670 shares issued and outstanding at
 September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively

 

 

329

 

 

 

236

 

Additional paid-in capital

 

 

1,899,281

 

 

 

1,857,662

 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

 

 

(1,560

)

 

 

(1,398

)

Accumulated deficit

 

 

(2,172,187

)

 

 

(2,182,880

)

Total stockholders’ deficit attributable to Agenus Inc.

 

 

(274,137

)

 

 

(326,380

)

Non-controlling interest

 

 

(6,731

)

 

 

19,956

 

Total stockholders’ deficit

 

 

(280,868

)

 

 

(306,424

)

Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit

 

$

233,891

 

 

$

226,271

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3


 

AGENUS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Revenue:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research and development

 

$

1,087

 

 

$

 

 

$

1,421

 

 

$

267

 

Service revenue

 

 

 

 

 

454

 

 

 

1,036

 

 

 

1,353

 

Non-cash royalty revenue related to the sale of future royalties

 

 

29,148

 

 

 

24,658

 

 

 

77,535

 

 

 

75,006

 

Total revenues

 

 

30,235

 

 

 

25,112

 

 

 

79,992

 

 

 

76,626

 

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of revenue

 

 

(642

)

 

 

(146

)

 

 

(1,022

)

 

 

(368

)

Research and development

 

 

(23,596

)

 

 

(41,058

)

 

 

(71,827

)

 

 

(121,753

)

General and administrative

 

 

(10,860

)

 

 

(17,275

)

 

 

(42,097

)

 

 

(50,947

)

Fair value adjustments

 

 

318

 

 

 

1,863

 

 

 

387

 

 

 

1,863

 

Operating loss

 

 

(4,545

)

 

 

(31,504

)

 

 

(34,567

)

 

 

(94,579

)

Other income (expense):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-operating income (expense)

 

 

(19,298

)

 

 

19

 

 

 

(19,574

)

 

 

6,054

 

Gain from deconsolidation of MiNK Therapeutics, Inc.

 

 

100,924

 

 

 

 

 

 

100,924

 

 

 

 

Interest expense, net

 

 

(13,170

)

 

 

(35,729

)

 

 

(39,254

)

 

 

(96,940

)

Net income (loss)

 

 

63,911

 

 

 

(67,214

)

 

 

7,529

 

 

 

(185,465

)

Dividends on Series A-1 convertible preferred stock

 

 

(54

)

 

 

(54

)

 

 

(162

)

 

 

(161

)

Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interest

 

 

(3

)

 

 

(828

)

 

 

(3,164

)

 

 

(4,112

)

Net income (loss) attributable to Agenus Inc. common stockholders

 

$

63,860

 

 

$

(66,440

)

 

$

10,531

 

 

$

(181,514

)

Per common share data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to Agenus Inc. comm stockholders:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

2.00

 

 

$

(3.08

)

 

$

0.37

 

 

$

(8.65

)

Diluted

 

$

1.94

 

 

$

(3.08

)

 

$

0.37

 

 

$

(8.65

)

Weighted average number of Agenus Inc. common shares outstanding:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

 

31,886

 

 

 

21,550

 

 

 

28,184

 

 

 

20,995

 

Diluted

 

 

32,858

 

 

 

21,550

 

 

 

28,264

 

 

 

20,995

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other comprehensive loss:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign currency translation loss

 

$

(56

)

 

$

(346

)

 

$

(162

)

 

$

(392

)

Other comprehensive loss

 

 

(56

)

 

 

(346

)

 

 

(162

)

 

 

(392

)

Comprehensive income (loss)

 

$

63,804

 

 

$

(66,786

)

 

$

10,369

 

 

$

(181,906

)

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

4


 

AGENUS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

(Unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands)

 

 

 

Series A-1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Convertible

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Preferred Stock

 

 

Common Stock

 

 

 

 

 

Treasury Stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of
Shares

 

 

Par
Value

 

 

Number of
Shares

 

 

Par
Value

 

 

Additional
Paid-In
Capital

 

 

Number
of Shares

 

 

Amount

 

 

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

 

 

Non-controlling
Interest

 

 

Accumulated
Deficit

 

 

Total

 

Balance at December 31, 2024

 

 

32

 

 

$

0

 

 

 

23,635

 

 

$

236

 

 

$

1,857,662

 

 

 

 

 

$

 

 

$

(1,398

)

 

$

19,956

 

 

$

(2,182,880

)

 

 

(306,424

)

Net loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1,104

)

 

 

(25,266

)

 

 

(26,370

)

Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(70

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(70

)

Share-based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,587

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

597

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,184

 

Shares sold at the market

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,783

 

 

 

28

 

 

 

6,315

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6,343

 

Payment of CEO payroll in shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

33

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

88

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

89

 

Issuance of warrants

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

398

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

398

 

Issuance of shares for services

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11

 

 

 

 

 

 

39

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

39

 

Issuance of shares in connection with debt agreement

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

66

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

219

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

220

 

Vesting of nonvested shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise of stock options and employee share purchases

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

18

 

 

 

 

 

 

43

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

44

 

Issuance of shares for employee salaries

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

24

 

 

 

 

 

 

171

 

 

 

(8

)

 

 

(22

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

149

 

Retirement of treasury shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(8

)

 

 

 

 

 

(22

)

 

 

8

 

 

 

22

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at March 31, 2025

 

 

32

 

 

$

0

 

 

 

26,563

 

 

$

266

 

 

$

1,867,500

 

 

 

 

 

$

 

 

$

(1,468

)

 

$

19,450

 

 

$

(2,208,146

)

 

$

(322,398

)

Net loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(2,057

)

 

 

(27,955

)

 

 

(30,012

)

Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(36

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(36

)

Share-based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,438

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

900

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,338

 

Shares sold at the market

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,136

 

 

 

31

 

 

 

12,186

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12,217

 

Payment of CEO payroll in shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

40

 

 

 

 

 

 

114

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

114

 

Issuance of shares for services

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9

 

 

 

 

 

 

26

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

26

 

Issuance of shares in connection with debt agreement

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

179

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

402

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

404

 

Vesting of nonvested shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Issuance of shares for employee salaries

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

91

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

103

 

 

 

(29

)

 

 

(65

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

39

 

Retirement of treasury shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(29

)

 

 

 

 

 

(65

)

 

 

29

 

 

 

65

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at June 30, 2025

 

 

32

 

 

$

0

 

 

 

30,004

 

 

$

300

 

 

$

1,882,704

 

 

 

 

 

$

 

 

$

(1,504

)

 

$

18,293

 

 

$

(2,236,101

)

 

$

(336,308

)

Net income (loss)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(3

)

 

 

63,914

 

 

 

63,911

 

Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(56

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(56

)

Share-based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,792

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

16

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,808

 

Shares sold at the market

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,654

 

 

 

17

 

 

 

8,949

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8,966

 

Payment of CEO payroll in shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

20

 

 

 

 

 

 

98

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

98

 

Issuance of shares for services

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

86

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

335

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

336

 

Issuance of shares in connection with debt agreement

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

74

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

371

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

372

 

Deconsolidation of a subsidiary

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(25,037

)

 

 

 

 

 

(25,037

)

Vesting of nonvested shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

59

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

(1

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Employee share purchases

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

30

 

 

 

 

 

 

78

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

78

 

Issuance of shares for certain employee bonuses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,353

 

 

 

14

 

 

 

6,034

 

 

 

(466

)

 

 

(2,084

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,964

 

Retirement of treasury shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(466

)

 

 

(5

)

 

 

(2,079

)

 

 

466

 

 

 

2,084

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at September 30, 2025

 

 

32

 

 

$

0

 

 

 

32,814

 

 

$

329

 

 

$

1,899,281

 

 

 

 

 

$

 

 

$

(1,560

)

 

$

(6,731

)

 

$

(2,172,187

)

 

$

(280,868

)

 

5


 

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

6


 

AGENUS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

(Unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands)

 

 

 

 

Series A-1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Convertible

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Preferred Stock

 

 

Common Stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of
Shares

 

 

Par
Value

 

 

Number of
Shares

 

 

Par
Value

 

 

Additional
Paid-In
Capital

 

 

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

 

 

Non-controlling
Interest

 

 

Accumulated
Deficit

 

 

Total

 

Balance at December 31, 2023

 

 

32

 

 

$

0

 

 

 

19,718

 

 

$

197

 

 

$

1,796,095

 

 

$

(955

)

 

$

11,949

 

 

$

(1,955,668

)

 

$

(148,382

)

Net loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1,568

)

 

 

(61,886

)

 

 

(63,454

)

Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(116

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(116

)

Share-based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,477

 

 

 

 

 

 

719

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,196

 

Shares sold at the market

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,249

 

 

 

13

 

 

 

17,158

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

17,171

 

Payment of CEO payroll in shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7

 

 

 

 

 

 

89

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

89

 

Vesting of nonvested shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise of stock options and employee share purchases

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12

 

 

 

 

 

 

166

 

 

 

 

 

 

7

 

 

 

 

 

 

173

 

Balance at March 31, 2024

 

 

32

 

 

$

0

 

 

 

20,994

 

 

$

210

 

 

$

1,816,985

 

 

$

(1,071

)

 

$

11,107

 

 

$

(2,017,554

)

 

$

(190,323

)

Net loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1,716

)

 

 

(53,081

)

 

 

(54,797

)

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

70

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

70

 

Share-based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8,449

 

 

 

 

 

 

841

 

 

 

 

 

 

9,290

 

Shares sold at the market

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

117

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

1,989

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,990

 

Issuance of warrants, net of expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6,983

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6,983

 

Vesting of nonvested shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Payment of CEO payroll in shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11

 

 

 

 

 

 

114

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

114

 

MiNK private placement stock sale

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(4,434

)

 

 

 

 

 

10,234

 

 

 

 

 

 

5,800

 

Exercise of stock options

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

 

 

 

28

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

 

 

 

 

 

 

34

 

Balance at June 30, 2024

 

 

32

 

 

$

0

 

 

 

21,126

 

 

$

211

 

 

$

1,830,114

 

 

$

(1,001

)

 

$

20,472

 

 

$

(2,070,635

)

 

$

(220,839

)

Net loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(828

)

 

 

(66,386

)

 

 

(67,214

)

Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(346

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(346

)

Share-based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8,399

 

 

 

 

 

 

881

 

 

 

 

 

 

9,280

 

Shares sold at the market

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

503

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

6,771

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6,776

 

Payment of CEO payroll in shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

16

 

 

 

 

 

 

98

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

98

 

Vesting of nonvested shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise of stock options and employee share purchases

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

33

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

433

 

 

 

 

 

 

7

 

 

 

 

 

 

441

 

Balance at September 30, 2024

 

 

32

 

 

$

0

 

 

 

21,685

 

 

$

217

 

 

$

1,845,815

 

 

$

(1,347

)

 

$

20,532

 

 

$

(2,137,021

)

 

$

(271,804

)

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

7


 

AGENUS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Cash flows from operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

 

$

7,529

 

 

$

(185,465

)

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

 

9,402

 

 

 

10,083

 

Share-based compensation

 

 

10,309

 

 

 

12,716

 

Non-cash royalty revenue

 

 

(77,535

)

 

 

(75,006

)

Non-cash interest expense

 

 

38,666

 

 

 

97,459

 

Loss on sale or disposal of assets, net

 

 

936

 

 

 

18

 

Gain from deconsolidation of MiNK Therapeutics, Inc.

 

 

(100,924

)

 

 

 

Unrealized loss on long-term investments

 

 

20,096

 

 

 

1,103

 

Gain on lease terminations

 

 

 

 

 

(5,334

)

Other, net

 

 

(200

)

 

 

(3,741

)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accounts receivable

 

 

(49

)

 

 

25,613

 

Prepaid expenses

 

 

1,160

 

 

 

5,751

 

Accounts payable

 

 

26,840

 

 

 

(13,682

)

Deferred revenue

 

 

1

 

 

 

(7

)

Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities

 

 

13,435

 

 

 

1,722

 

Other operating assets and liabilities

 

 

(10,243

)

 

 

(893

)

Net cash used in operating activities

 

 

(60,577

)

 

 

(129,663

)

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Purchases of plant and equipment

 

 

(6

)

 

 

(503

)

Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment

 

 

358

 

 

 

24

 

Proceeds from sale of long-term investment

 

 

62

 

 

 

527

 

Net cash provided by investing activities

 

 

414

 

 

 

48

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net proceeds from sale of equity

 

 

27,525

 

 

 

25,937

 

Net proceeds from sale of subsidiary shares in private placement

 

 

 

 

 

5,800

 

Proceeds from Ligand Purchase Agreement, net of expenses

 

 

 

 

 

73,851

 

Proceeds from employee stock purchases and option exercises

 

 

122

 

 

 

648

 

Proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt, net

 

 

2,500

 

 

 

 

Impact to cash resulting from deconsolidation of a subsidiary

 

 

(1,682

)

 

 

 

Purchase of treasury shares to satisfy tax withholdings

 

 

(87

)

 

 

 

Payment of long-term debt

 

 

(2,500

)

 

 

 

Payment of finance lease obligation

 

 

(4,659

)

 

 

(7,766

)

Net cash provided by financing activities

 

 

21,219

 

 

 

98,470

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

 

 

43

 

 

 

(216

)

Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

 

 

(38,901

)

 

 

(31,361

)

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period

 

 

44,071

 

 

 

79,779

 

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period

 

$

5,170

 

 

$

48,418

 

Supplemental cash flow information:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash paid for interest

 

$

903

 

 

$

1,737

 

Supplemental disclosures - non-cash activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Insurance financing agreement

 

$

552

 

 

$

771

 

Issuance of common stock, $0.01 par value, for payment of certain employee bonuses

 

 

3,964

 

 

 

 

Issuance of stock options for payment of certain employee bonuses

 

 

 

 

 

9,321

 

Issuance of subsidiary stock options for payment of certain employee bonuses

 

 

 

 

 

1,032

 

Lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities

 

 

107

 

 

 

105

 

Lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities

 

 

10,737

 

 

 

122

 

 

8


 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

9


 

AGENUS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2025

 

Note A – Business, Liquidity and Basis of Presentation

Agenus Inc. (including its subsidiaries, collectively referred to as “Agenus,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our”) is a clinical-stage biotechnology company specializing in discovering and developing therapies to activate the body's immune system against cancer and infections. Our pipeline includes immune-modulatory antibodies, vaccine adjuvants (via SaponiQx, Inc. ("SaponiQx")), and adoptive cell therapies (via our investment in MiNK Therapeutics, Inc., Nasdaq: "INKT" ("MiNK")). Our primary focus is immuno-oncology (“I-O”), and our diverse pipeline is supported by our in-house capabilities, including current good manufacturing practice (“cGMP”) manufacturing and a clinical operations platform. To succeed in I-O, innovation and speed are paramount. We are a vertically integrated biotechnology company equipped with a suite of technology platforms to advance from novel target identification through manufacturing for clinical trials of antibodies and cell therapies. By understanding each patient's cancer, we aim to substantially expand the population benefiting from current I-O therapies. In addition to a diverse pipeline, we have assembled fully integrated end-to-end capabilities including novel target discovery, antibody generation, cell line development and cGMP manufacturing. Leveraging our science and capabilities, we have established strategic partnerships to advance innovation. We believe the next generation of cancer treatment will build on clinically validated antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (“CTLA-4”) and programmed death receptor-1s (“PD-1”) combined with novel immunomodulatory agents designed to address underlying tumor escape mechanisms.

Our I-O portfolio is driven by several platforms and programs, which we plan to utilize individually and in combination:

Multiple antibody discovery platforms, including proprietary display technologies, to identify future antibody candidates.
Antibody candidate programs, including our lead assets, botensilimab ("BOT") (a multifunctional immune cell activator and human Fc-enhanced CTLA-4 blocking antibody, also known as AGEN1181) and balstilimab ("BAL") (a PD-1 blocking antibody).
Our saponin-based vaccine adjuvant platform, primarily centered around our STIMULON™ cultured plant cell (“cpc”) QS-21 adjuvant (“STIMULON cpcQS-21”).
A pipeline of novel allogeneic invariant natural killer T cell therapies for treating cancer and other immune-mediated diseases, controlled by MiNK.

Our business activities include product research, preclinical and clinical development, intellectual property prosecution, manufacturing, regulatory and clinical affairs, corporate finance and development activities, and support of our collaborations. Our product candidates require successful clinical trials and approvals from regulatory agencies, as well as acceptance in the marketplace. Part of our strategy is to develop and commercialize some of our product candidates through arrangements with academic and corporate collaborators and licensees.

Our cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2025 were $3.5 million. Subsequent to quarter end, we entered into a $10.0 million Promissory Note Agreement (the “Zydus Note”) with Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc. (“Zydus”) and received $4.5 million from sales of our common stock in at the market offerings. In addition, we anticipate receiving $91.0 million from our agreements with Zydus Lifesciences Ltd and its affiliates, during the first quarter of 2026. We have incurred significant losses since our inception in 1994. As of September 30, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $2.2 billion and $10.5 million of subordinated notes maturing in June 2026.

Based on our current plans and projections, we believe that our cash resources of $3.5 million at September 30, 2025, along with the post-quarter cash infusions noted above, anticipated revenues under our reimbursed compassionate access in France, and projected additional cash inflows from funding we expect to receive in 2026, will be sufficient to satisfy our critical liquidity requirements through 2026. To support operations on an ongoing basis we require additional funding. Since our founding we have financed our operations principally through income and revenues generated from corporate partnerships, advance royalty sales, and proceeds from debt and equity issuances.

Currently we are in discussions with entities including operating companies and financial entities to provide the additional funding to support our operations through our planned registration and launch strategy for botensilimab/balstilimab. However, because the completion of cash funding transactions is not entirely within our control, and in accordance with accounting standards, substantial doubt continues to exist about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year after the date of filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The financial statements have been prepared on a basis that assumes Agenus will continue as a going concern and which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business. Management continues to diligently address the Company’s liquidity needs and has continued to adjust spending in order to preserve liquidity. We expect our sources of funding to include additional out-licensing agreements, asset sales, project financing, and/or sales of equity securities.

10


 

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete annual consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of our management, the condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position and operating results. All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. Operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025. For further information, refer to our consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

For our foreign subsidiaries, the local currency is the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using rates in effect at the balance sheet date while revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates during the period. The cumulative translation adjustment resulting from changes in exchange rates are included in the consolidated balance sheets as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in total stockholders’ deficit.

In July 2025, our ownership percentage of MiNK dropped below 50%. While we maintain significant influence, this resulted in a loss of control, and as such, MiNK was deconsolidated in the quarter ended September 30, 2025.

Upon deconsolidation, we recognized a gain of approximately $100.9 million in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Subsequent to the deconsolidation, we accounted for our equity ownership interest in MiNK under the equity method of accounting (fair value option). Refer to Note F for more information.
 

Note B – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Except as detailed below, there have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the significant accounting policies disclosed in Note 2 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Equity Method Investment

Our equity method investment consists of an investment in common stock of a publicly-held company in which we have the ability to exercise significant influence but do not have control. We have elected the fair value option for our equity method investment.

Fair Value Option

Under the Fair Value Option subsection of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Subtopic 825-10, Financial Instruments – Overall, we have the irrevocable option to report most financial assets and liabilities at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis with changes in fair value reported in earnings. We have elected to report our investment in MiNK, including the related party note receivable from MiNK at fair value. The fair value of the equity investment is based on readily determinable pricing available on a securities exchange and the fair value of the related party note receivable is determined on a scenario based present value methodology.

Current Expected Credit Losses

Financial assets measured at amortized cost are assessed for future expected credit losses under the guidance in ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, to determine if application of an expected credit losses reserve is necessary. We perform regular reviews of our receivable balances, including related party receivables, and when appropriate, would record an expected credit losses reserve. We have not recorded provisions for credit losses for any of the periods presented.

Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

We classify assets and related liabilities as held for sale when: (i) management has committed to a plan to sell the assets, (ii) the net assets are available for immediate sale, (iii) there is an active program to locate a buyer, (iv) the sale and transfer of the net assets is probable within one year, (v) the sale price of the net assets is comparable to current fair value and (vi) actions required to complete the plan indicate it is unlikely that significant changes will be made or that management will withdraw from the sale. Assets and liabilities held for sale are presented separately on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at the lower of cost or fair value, less

11


 

costs to sell. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and amortization of right-of-use assets are not recorded while these assets are classified as held for sale.

 

Note C – Net Income (Loss) Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share (in thousands, except for per share data):

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Amounts used for basic and diluted per share calculations:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to Agenus Inc. common stockholders

 

$

63,860

 

 

$

(66,440

)

 

$

10,531

 

 

$

(181,514

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average number of Agenus Inc. common shares outstanding - basic

 

 

31,886

 

 

 

21,550

 

 

 

28,184

 

 

 

20,995

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Effect of potentially dilutive securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    Share based compensation awards

 

 

914

 

 

 

 

 

 

22

 

 

 

 

    Warrants

 

 

58

 

 

 

 

 

 

58

 

 

 

 

Weighted average number of Agenus Inc. common shares outstanding - diluted

 

 

32,858

 

 

 

21,550

 

 

 

28,264

 

 

 

20,995

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to Agenus Inc. per common share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    Basic

 

$

2.00

 

 

$

(3.08

)

 

$

0.37

 

 

$

(8.65

)

    Diluted

 

$

1.94

 

 

$

(3.08

)

 

$

0.37

 

 

$

(8.65

)

Basic net income (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding (including common shares issuable under our Amended and Restated Directors’ Deferred Compensation Plan, or “DDCP”). Diluted income (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding (including common shares issuable under our DDCP) plus the dilutive effect of outstanding instruments such as warrants, stock options, non-vested shares and convertible preferred stock. Because we reported a net loss attributable to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, diluted loss per common share is the same as basic loss per common share, as the effect of utilizing the fully diluted share count would have reduced the net loss per common share. The following securities (listed on an as-if-converted-to-Common-Stock basis) have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and 2024, as they would be anti-dilutive (in thousands):

 

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Warrants

 

 

974

 

 

 

965

 

 

 

974

 

 

 

965

 

Stock options

 

 

4,429

 

 

 

3,313

 

 

 

5,125

 

 

 

3,313

 

Non-vested shares

 

 

74

 

 

 

36

 

 

 

90

 

 

 

36

 

Series A-1 convertible preferred stock

 

 

17

 

 

 

17

 

 

 

17

 

 

 

17

 

 

Note D – Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

 

 

September 30, 2025

 

 

December 31, 2024

 

 

 

Cost

 

 

Estimated
Fair Value

 

 

Cost

 

 

Estimated
Fair Value

 

Institutional money market funds

 

$

413

 

 

$

413

 

 

$

6,954

 

 

$

6,954

 

Total

 

$

413

 

 

$

413

 

 

$

6,954

 

 

$

6,954

 

As a result of the short-term nature of these investments, there were minimal unrealized holding gains or losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

12


 

As of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, all of the investments listed above were classified as cash equivalents on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Note E – Acquired Intangible Assets

Acquired intangible assets consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

 

 

As of September 30, 2025

 

 

 

Amortization
period
 (years)

 

Gross carrying
amount

 

 

Accumulated
amortization

 

 

Net carrying
amount

 

Intellectual property

 

7-15 years

 

$

16,841

 

 

$

(15,776

)

 

$

1,065

 

Trademarks

 

4-4.5 years

 

 

882

 

 

 

(882

)

 

 

 

Other

 

2-7 years

 

 

582

 

 

 

(582

)

 

 

 

In-process research and development

 

Indefinite

 

 

2,057

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,057

 

Total

 

 

 

$

20,362

 

 

$

(17,240

)

 

$

3,122

 

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2024

 

 

 

Amortization
period
 (years)

 

Gross carrying
amount

 

 

Accumulated
amortization

 

 

Net carrying
amount

 

Intellectual property

 

7-15 years

 

$

16,841

 

 

$

(15,522

)

 

$

1,319

 

Trademarks

 

4-4.5 years

 

 

882

 

 

 

(882

)

 

 

 

Other

 

2-7 years

 

 

582

 

 

 

(582

)

 

 

 

In-process research and development

 

Indefinite

 

 

2,057

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,057

 

Total

 

 

 

$

20,362

 

 

$

(16,986

)

 

$

3,376

 

 

The weighted average amortization period of our finite-lived intangible assets is 9 years. Amortization expense related to acquired intangibles is estimated at $0.1 million for the remainder of 2025, $0.3 million for the years ending December 31, 2026, 2027 and 2028, and $39,000 for the year ending December 31, 2029.

 

Note F – Investment in MiNK Therapeutics, Inc.

In July 2025, our ownership percentage of MiNK dropped below 50%, while we maintain significant influence, this resulted in a loss of control. As a result, MiNK was deconsolidated in the quarter ended September 30, 2025. As we maintain a significant ownership percentage in MiNK (approximately 48% as of September 30, 2025) we have accounted for this investment under the equity method and have elected the fair value option. Refer to Note B for more information.

Deconsolidation

On July 17, 2025, our ownership interest in MiNK dropped below 50% due to dilution resulting from MiNK selling shares to unrelated investors. We determined that the loss of control due to dilution does not constitute a strategic shift from our perspective and therefore the deconsolidation is not deemed to be a discontinued operation.

We recognized a $100.9 million gain on deconsolidation in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. This gain is the sum of (1) the fair value of our retained investment in MiNK (2) the carrying amount of the existing noncontrolling interest that was derecognized, and (3) the carrying amount of accumulated other comprehensive income attributable to MiNK, less the carrying amount of MiNK's net liabilities derecognized.

The fair value of our retained investment in MiNK as of the date of deconsolidation was $50.6 million. Fair value was calculated using readily determinable pricing available on a securities exchange.

We will continue to have involvement with MiNK after deconsolidation, including providing services under an Amended and Restated Intercompany Services Agreement, and MiNK has been deemed a related party. Following the deconsolidation, we recognized Related party balances on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Refer to Note P for further detail.

Remaining Investment

Following deconsolidation we have accounted for our remaining investment in MiNK according to the equity method in accordance with ASC 323, as we have retained the ability to exercise significant influence but do not have control. In accordance with ASC 825, we have made the irrevocable election to measure our investment and all other eligible interests in MiNK, including the Related party note receivable (the "Note Receivable") (refer to Note J), at fair value. All subsequent changes in fair value will be reported as part of Non-operating income (expense) in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

13


 

The fair value of our equity investment in MiNK at September 30, 2025 was $30.5 million. The total carrying value of our investment in MiNK at September 30, 2025, including the fair value of the Note Receivable and the carrying value of the Due from related parties receivable, was approximately $51.3 million.

Our investment in MiNK is considered a significant investee as the carrying value of our total investment is greater than 20% of our total consolidated asset balance. The following tables present summarized balance sheet information as of September 30,2025 and summarized results of operations for the three months since the date of deconsolidation (in thousands):

 

 

 

September 30, 2025

 

Current assets

 

$

14,534

 

Non-current assets

 

 

429

 

Current liabilities

 

 

13,434

 

Non-current liabilities

 

 

15,043

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2025

 

Net loss

 

$

(2,888

)

Net loss attributable to Agenus

 

 

(1,386

)

 

Note G – Debt

Debt obligations consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

 

Debt instrument

 

Principal at
September 30, 2025

 

 

Unamortized
Debt Discount

 

 

Balance at
September 30, 2025

 

Current Portion:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2015 Subordinated Notes

 

$

10,500

 

 

$

(223

)

 

$

10,277

 

Debentures

 

 

146

 

 

 

 

 

 

146

 

Other

 

 

188

 

 

 

 

 

 

188

 

Long-term Portion:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Promissory Note

 

 

24,750

 

 

 

(1,152

)

 

 

23,598

 

Total

 

$

35,584

 

 

$

(1,375

)

 

$

34,209

 

 

Debt instrument

 

Balance at
December 31, 2024

 

 

Unamortized
Debt Discount

 

 

Net balance at
December 31, 2024

 

Current Portion:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2015 Subordinated Notes

 

$

2,471

 

 

$

 

 

$

2,471

 

Debentures

 

 

146

 

 

 

 

 

 

146

 

Other

 

 

81

 

 

 

 

 

 

81

 

Long-term Portion:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2015 Subordinated Notes

 

 

10,500

 

 

 

 

 

 

10,500

 

Promissory Note

 

 

22,000

 

 

 

(2,027

)

 

 

19,973

 

Total

 

$

35,198

 

 

$

(2,027

)

 

$

33,171

 

 

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the principal amount of our outstanding debt balance was $35.6 million and $35.2 million, respectively.

 

Promissory Note

In November 2024, we, through a subsidiary, entered into a promissory note (the “Note”) with Ocean 1181 LLC (the “Lender”) for a loan in an aggregate principal amount of $22.0 million (the “Loan”). The Loan has a two-year term and is principally secured by our manufacturing facility in Berkeley, CA and parcels of land located in Vacaville, CA.

14


 

In March 2025, we and the Lender agreed to increase the principal amount under the Note by $2.75 million. As part of the transaction, we reimbursed the Lender for transaction costs and paid a 1% origination fee, totaling approximately $0.3 million. These amounts are presented net of the liability in our condensed consolidated balance sheets and will be amortized to interest expense over the term of the Loan.

Subordinated Notes

In February 2015, we issued subordinated promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $14.0 million, of which $10.5 million remains outstanding (the “2015 Subordinated Notes”).

In February 2025, we entered into an Amendment to Notes, Amendment of Warrants and Sale of New Warrants (the “Amendment”) with existing noteholders, pursuant to which we:

extended the maturity date of $10.5 million of the 2015 Subordinated Notes from February 20, 2025 to June 20, 2026;
increased the interest rate under the 2015 Subordinated Notes from 8% to 9% per annum;
secured the obligation to pay the 2015 Subordinated Notes by the grant of a subordinate mortgage on our manufacturing facility in Berkeley, CA and parcels of land located in Vacaville, CA;
extended the expiration date of all 2022 A warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock (the “A Warrants”) and 2022 B warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock (the “B Warrants”) held by such noteholders to purchase a total of 97,500 shares of the Company’s common stock previously issued in 2022 to February 20, 2030 and changed the exercise price to $3.25 per share, which represented a 60-day volume weighted average price as of February 14, 2025 (the “Amended A Warrants” and “Amended B Warrants”);
issued to certain noteholders new warrants to purchase 67,500 shares of the Company’s common stock to expire February 20, 2030, and have an exercise price of $3.25 per share, (the “C Warrants” and, together with the Amended A Warrants and the Amended B Warrants, the “New Warrants”);
committed to registering the New Warrants with the SEC within ninety (90) days after February 20, 2025; and
provided that if we conduct a financing of greater than $10.0 million at a price per share below $3.25 before February 20, 2026, the exercise price on the New Warrants will be reduced to the same price at which such financing was conducted.

This Amendment was accounted for as a debt modification. As part of the Amendment, we recorded debt discount of approximately $0.4 million, representing the fair value of the new and modified warrants. This amount is presented net of the liability in our condensed consolidated balance sheets and will be amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2015 Subordinated Notes.

Note H – Liability Related to the Sale of Future Royalties and Milestones

 

The following table shows the activity within the liability account in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 (in thousands):

 

 

 

Period from
December 31, 2024 to
September 30, 2025

 

Liability related to sale of future royalties and milestones - beginning balance

 

$

337,539

 

Non-cash royalty revenue

 

 

(77,535

)

Non-cash interest expense recognized

 

 

36,243

 

Liability related to sale of future royalties and milestones - ending balance

 

 

296,247

 

Less: unamortized transaction costs

 

 

(1,074

)

Liability related to sale of future royalties and milestones, net

 

$

295,173

 

 

Healthcare Royalty Partners

In January 2018, we, through our wholly-owned subsidiary Antigenics, LLC (“Antigenics”), entered into a Royalty Purchase Agreement (the “HCR Royalty Purchase Agreement”) with Healthcare Royalty Partners III, L.P. and certain of its affiliates (collectively, “HCR”). Pursuant to the terms of the HCR Royalty Purchase Agreement, we sold to HCR 100% of Antigenics’ worldwide rights to receive royalties from GlaxoSmithKline (“GSK”) on sales of GSK’s vaccines containing our STIMULON QS-21 adjuvant. At closing, we received gross proceeds of $190.0 million from HCR. Although we sold all of our rights to receive royalties

15


 

on sales of GSK’s vaccines containing QS-21, as a result of our obligation to HCR, we are required to account for the $190.0 million in proceeds from this transaction as a liability on our condensed consolidated balance sheet that will be recognized into revenue in proportion to the royalty payments from GSK to HCR over the estimated life of the HCR Royalty Purchase Agreement. The liability is classified between the current and non-current portion of liability related to sale of future royalties and milestones in the condensed consolidated balance sheets based on the estimated royalty payments to be received by HCR in the next 12 months from the financial statement reporting date.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized $77.5 million of non-cash royalty revenue, and we recorded $23.0 million of related non-cash interest expense related to the HCR Royalty Purchase Agreement.

As royalties are remitted to HCR from GSK, the balance of the recorded liability will be effectively repaid over the life of the HCR Royalty Purchase Agreement. To determine the amortization of the recorded liability, we are required to estimate the total amount of future royalty payments to be received by HCR. The sum of these amounts less the $190.0 million proceeds we received will be recorded as interest expense over the life of the HCR Royalty Purchase Agreement. Periodically, we assess the estimated royalty payments to be paid to HCR from GSK, and to the extent the amount or timing of the payments is materially different from our original estimates, we will prospectively adjust the amortization of the liability, and the related recognition of interest expense. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, our estimate of the effective annual interest rate over the remaining life of the agreement decreased to 13.8%, which results in a life of contract interest rate of 23.9%.

Ligand Pharmaceuticals

In May 2024, we and certain wholly-owned subsidiaries, entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (the "Ligand Purchase Agreement") with Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated ("Ligand"). Pursuant to the terms of the Ligand Purchase Agreement, Ligand will receive (i) 31.875% of the development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments we were then eligible to receive under our agreements with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company ("BMS"), UroGen Pharma Ltd., Gilead Sciences, Inc. ("Gilead"), Merck Sharpe & Dohme and Incyte Corporation ("Incyte"), (the “Covered License Agreements”) (ii) 18.75% of the royalties the Company receives under the Covered License Agreements; and (iii) a 2.625% synthetic royalty on worldwide net sales of botensilimab and balstilimab (collectively the “Purchased Assets”). In the event that we relicense the programs in the Covered License Agreements, Ligand would retain its economic interest in any new agreement.

The total amounts payable to Ligand are subject to a 50% reduction in the event total payments to Ligand exceed a specified return hurdle. The synthetic royalty is subject to a reduction if annual worldwide net sales exceed a specified level, and a cap on annual worldwide net sales if annual worldwide net sales exceed a higher specified level. The synthetic royalty can increase by 1% based on the occurrence of certain future events.

In consideration for the sale of the Purchased Assets, we received gross proceeds of $75.0 million, less $0.9 million in reimbursable expenses, on the closing date. In addition, Ligand had a time-based option to invest an additional $25.0 million on a pro rata basis ("Purchaser Upsize Option"), which expired on June 30, 2025.

In connection with the sale of the Purchased Assets, we issued to Ligand a warrant (the "Ligand Warrant") to purchase 867,052 shares of our common stock, at an exercise price equal to $17.30 per share.

The $75.0 million in gross proceeds was allocated to the identified components as follows (in thousands):

Liability related to sale of future royalties and milestones

 

$

63,879

 

Ligand Warrant

 

 

7,098

 

Purchaser Upsize Option

 

 

4,023

 

Total Ligand Purchase Agreement gross proceeds

 

$

75,000

 

As a result of our significant continuing involvement in the generation of the cash flows of the Purchased Assets, we are required to account for $63.9 million of the proceeds from this transaction as a liability on our condensed consolidated balance sheet that will be recognized into revenue in proportion to the royalty and milestone payments paid to Ligand over the estimated life of the Ligand Purchase Agreement.

The Purchaser Upsize Option was considered a freestanding financial instrument as it was separately exercisable and could be legally transferred from the Ligand Purchase Agreement. As such, it was accounted for as a written option which was accounted for as a liability at fair value and remeasured at each balance sheet date with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. The fair value of the Purchaser Upsize Option at September 30, 2025 was nil as it expired unexercised.

The Ligand Warrant is considered a freestanding financial instrument that as it is separately exercisable and can be legally transferred from the Ligand Purchase Agreement, which was determined to be equity-classified under ASC 815.

16


 

To allocate the proceeds, the Purchaser Upsize Option liability and equity-classified Ligand Warrants were recognized based on their fair values and the residual was allocated to a liability related to the sale of future royalties and milestones on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded $13.2 million of non-cash interest expense related to the Ligand Purchase Agreement.

As royalties are remitted to us and milestone and sales are earned from the Purchased Assets, the balance of the recorded liability will be effectively repaid over the life of the Ligand Purchase Agreement. To determine the amortization of the recorded liability, we are required to estimate the total amount of future payments that Ligand is entitled to under the Ligand Purchase Agreement. The sum of these amounts less the $63.9 million proceeds allocated to the liability related to sale of future royalties and milestones will be recorded as interest expense over the life of the Ligand Purchase Agreement. Periodically, we assess the estimated royalty and milestone payments to be received and sales to be earned under the Ligand Purchase Agreement, and to the extent the amount or timing of the payments is materially different from our original estimates, we will prospectively adjust the amortization of the liability, and the related recognition of interest expense. As of September 30, 2025, our estimate of the effective annual interest rate over the life of the Ligand Purchase Agreement decreased to 21.0%, which results in a life of contract interest rate of 21.4%.

 

Note I – Accrued and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

 

 

September 30, 2025

 

 

December 31, 2024

 

Payroll

 

$

9,339

 

 

$

10,872

 

Professional fees

 

 

4,005

 

 

 

4,695

 

Contract manufacturing costs

 

 

3,107

 

 

 

2,915

 

Research services

 

 

7,939

 

 

 

9,720

 

Other

 

 

7,362

 

 

 

6,759

 

Total

 

$

31,752

 

 

$

34,961

 

 

Other current liabilities consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

 

 

 

September 30, 2025

 

 

December 31, 2024

 

Finance lease liabilities

 

$

65

 

 

$

4,702

 

Other

 

 

645

 

 

 

3,115

 

Total

 

$

710

 

 

$

7,817

 

 

17


 

Note J – Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are summarized below (in thousands):

Description

 

September 30, 2025

 

 

Quoted Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)

 

 

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

 

 

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash equivalents (Note C)

 

$

413

 

 

$

413

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

Related party note receivable

 

 

5,725

 

 

 

 

 

 

5,725

 

 

 

 

Investment in MiNK Therapeutics, Inc.

 

 

30,482

 

 

 

30,482

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Long-term investments

 

 

849

 

 

 

849

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

$

37,469

 

 

$

31,744

 

 

$

5,725

 

 

$

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Description

 

December 31, 2024

 

 

Quoted Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)

 

 

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

 

 

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash equivalents (Note C)

 

$

6,954

 

 

$

6,954

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

Long-term investments

 

 

1,006

 

 

 

1,006

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

$

7,960

 

 

$

7,960

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

Liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Purchaser Upsize Option (Note F)

 

$

69

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

69

 

Contingent purchase price consideration

 

 

318

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

318

 

Total

 

$

387

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

387

 

We measure the Related party note receivable at fair value. The fair value of the Note Receivable at September 30, 2025 was approximately $5.7 million, using a scenario based present value methodology that was derived by evaluating the nature and terms of the Note Receivable and considering the prevailing economic and market conditions at the balance sheet date, some of which are considered Level 2 inputs under the fair value measurements standard. As of September 30, 2025 the Note Receivable had a principal balance of $5.0 million.

Our long-term equity investment in MiNK is measured at fair value and is calculated using readily determinable pricing available on a securities exchange and is classified as a Level 1 asset.

Other long-term investments are included in "Other long-term assets" in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We measured our contingent purchase price considerations at fair value. The fair value of our contingent purchase price considerations at December 31, 2024, of $0.3 million, included in "Other long-term liabilities" in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, were based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which require them to be reported as Level 3 liabilities within the fair value hierarchy. The valuation of these liabilities used assumptions we believe would be made by a market participant and were mainly based on estimates from a Monte Carlo simulation of our share price, as well as other factors impacting the probability of triggering the milestone payments. Share price was evolved using a geometric Brownian motion, calculated daily for the life of the contingent purchase price considerations.

The fair value of our outstanding debt balance at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $35.6 million and $36.3 million, respectively, based on the Level 2 valuation hierarchy of the fair value measurements standard using a present value methodology that was derived by evaluating the nature and terms of each note and considering the prevailing economic and market conditions at the balance sheet date. The principal amount of our outstanding debt balance at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $35.6 million and $35.2 million, respectively.

 

Note K – Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Disaggregation of Revenue

18


 

The following table presents revenue (in thousands) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, disaggregated by geographic region and revenue type. Revenue by geographic region is allocated based on the domicile of our respective business operations.

 

 

 

Three months ended September 30, 2025

 

 

 

United States

 

 

Rest of World

 

 

Total

 

Revenue Type

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Clinical product revenue

 

$

1,087

 

 

$

 

 

$

1,087

 

Other services

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-cash royalties

 

 

29,148

 

 

 

 

 

 

29,148

 

 

 

$

30,235

 

 

$

 

 

$

30,235

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Three months ended September 30, 2024

 

Revenue Type

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other services

 

$

 

 

$

454

 

 

$

454

 

Non-cash royalties

 

 

24,658

 

 

 

 

 

 

24,658

 

 

 

$

24,658

 

 

$

454

 

 

$

25,112

 

 

 

 

Nine months ended September 30, 2025

 

 

 

United States

 

 

Rest of World

 

 

Total

 

Revenue Type

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Clinical product revenue

 

$

1,421

 

 

$

 

 

$

1,421

 

Other services

 

 

 

 

 

1,036

 

 

 

1,036

 

Non-cash royalties

 

 

77,535

 

 

 

 

 

 

77,535

 

 

 

$

78,956

 

 

$

1,036

 

 

$

79,992

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nine months ended September 30, 2024

 

Revenue Type

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Clinical product revenue

 

$

267

 

 

$

 

 

$

267

 

Other services

 

 

 

 

 

1,353

 

 

 

1,353

 

Non-cash royalties

 

 

75,006

 

 

 

 

 

 

75,006

 

 

 

$

75,273

 

 

$

1,353

 

 

$

76,626

 

Contract Balances

Contract assets primarily relate to our rights to consideration for work completed in relation to our research and development services performed but not billed at the reporting date. The contract assets are transferred to receivables when the rights become unconditional. Currently, we do not have any contract assets which have not transferred to a receivable. We had no asset impairment charges related to contract assets in the period. Contract liabilities primarily relate to contracts where we received payments but have not yet satisfied the related performance obligations. The advance consideration received from customers for research and development services or licenses bundled with other promises is a contract liability until the underlying performance obligations are transferred to the customer.

The following table provides information about contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands):

 

Nine months ended September 30, 2025

 

Balance at beginning of period

 

 

Additions

 

 

Deductions

 

 

Balance at end of period

 

Contract liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred revenue

 

$

1,174

 

 

$

45

 

 

$

(31

)

 

$

1,188

 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we did not recognize any revenue from amounts included in the contract asset or the contract liability balances from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods. None of the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract were capitalized.

 

19


 

Note L – Share-based Compensation Plans

 

In June 2025, our stockholders approved an amendment to our Amended and Restated 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2019 EIP") that increased the maximum number of shares of our common stock available for issuance under our 2019 EIP by 7.0 million shares.

We primarily use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value stock options granted to employees and non-employees, including stock options granted to members of our Board of Directors. However, the fair value of stock option market-based awards is calculated based on a Monte Carlo simulation as of the date of issuance. All stock options have 10-year terms and generally vest ratably over a 3 or 4-year period.

A summary of option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 is presented below:

 

 

Options

 

 

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price

 

 

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(in years)

 

 

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2024

 

 

5,242,916

 

 

$

28.76

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Granted

 

 

598,432

 

 

 

3.22

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited

 

 

(220,891

)

 

 

12.34

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Expired

 

 

(478,522

)

 

 

42.76

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding at September 30, 2025

 

 

5,141,935

 

 

$

25.26

 

 

 

7.63

 

 

$

2,426,379

 

Vested or expected to vest at September 30, 2025

 

 

5,141,935

 

 

$

25.26

 

 

 

7.63

 

 

$

2,426,379

 

Exercisable at September 30, 2025

 

 

2,670,148

 

 

$

43.70

 

 

 

6.34

 

 

$

211,341

 

 

The weighted average grant-date fair values of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $2.98 and $11.45, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, all options were granted with exercise prices equal to the market value of the underlying shares of common stock on the grant date other than certain awards dated June 18, 2025. In May 2025, our Board of Directors approved certain awards subject to forfeiture in the event stockholder approval was not obtained for an amendment to our 2019 EIP. This approval was obtained in June 2025. Accordingly, these awards have a grant date of June 2025, with an exercise price as of the date the Board of Director's approved the awards in May 2025.

As of September 30, 2025, there was approximately $4.8 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to these stock options and stock options granted under a subsidiary plan which, if all milestones are achieved, will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.3 years.

Certain employees and consultants have been granted non-vested stock. The fair value of non-vested market-based awards is calculated based on a Monte Carlo simulation as of the date of issuance. The fair value of other non-vested stock is calculated based on the closing sale price of our common stock on the date of issuance.

A summary of non-vested stock activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 is presented below:

 

 

Non-vested
Shares

 

 

Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2024

 

 

42,222

 

 

$

17.30

 

Granted

 

 

1,604,656

 

 

 

4.30

 

Vested

 

 

(1,545,018

)

 

 

4.38

 

Forfeited

 

 

(10,635

)

 

 

21.68

 

Outstanding at September 30, 2025

 

 

91,225

 

 

$

7.00

 

 

As of September 30, 2025, there was approximately $0.4 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to these non-vested shares and non-vested shares granted under a subsidiary plan which will be recognized over a period of 1.0 year.

20


 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, 48,171 shares were issued under the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and 75,167 shares were issued as a result of the vesting of non-vested stock. Additionally, 1,352,929 shares were issued as payment for certain employee bonuses, with 466,175 of those shares being withheld to cover taxes, resulting in a net share issuance of 886,754.

The impact on our results of operations from share-based compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, was as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Research and development

 

$

771

 

 

$

4,649

 

 

$

2,374

 

 

$

10,685

 

General and administrative

 

 

2,037

 

 

 

4,631

 

 

 

7,208

 

 

 

12,081

 

Total share-based compensation expense

 

$

2,808

 

 

$

9,280

 

 

$

9,582

 

 

$

22,766

 

 

Note M – Restricted Cash

As of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, we maintained non-current restricted cash of $1.7 million and $3.6 million, respectively. This amount is included within “Other long-term assets” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets and is comprised of deposits under letters of credit required under our facility leases.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash that sums to the total of the same such amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

 

 

 

Beginning of Period

 

 

End of Period

 

 

Beginning of Period

 

 

End of Period

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

40,437

 

 

$

3,458

 

 

$

76,110

 

 

$

44,784

 

Restricted cash

 

 

3,634

 

 

 

1,712

 

 

 

3,669

 

 

 

3,634

 

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

 

$

44,071

 

 

$

5,170

 

 

$

79,779

 

 

$

48,418

 

 

Note N – Equity

On March 14, 2024, we filed a Post-Effective Amendment to an Automatic Shelf Registration Statement on Form POSASR (file no. 333-272911) and a Post-Effective Amendments for Registration Statement on Form POS AM (file no. 333-272911) (together, the “Registration Statement”). The Registration Statement included both a base prospectus that covered the potential offering, issuance and sale from time to time of up to $300.0 million of common stock, preferred stock, warrants, debt securities and units of Agenus and a prospectus supplement for the potential offer and sale of up to 6,725,642 shares of common stock (the “Initial ATM Shares”) in “at the market” offerings pursuant to an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement by and between Agenus and B. Riley Securities, Inc. (the “Sales Agent”), dated as of July 22, 2020 (the “Sales Agreement”). On August 8, 2024, we filed an additional prospectus supplement for the potential offer and sale of up to an additional 13,834,015 shares of common stock (together with the Initial ATM Shares, the “Placement Shares”) in “at the market” offerings pursuant to the Sales Agreement. Sales pursuant to the Sales Agreement will be made only upon our instruction to the Sales Agent, and we cannot provide assurances that we will issue any additional Placement Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we received net proceeds of approximately $9.0 million and $27.5 million from the sale of approximately 1.7 million and 7.6 million shares, respectively, of our common stock in at-the-market offerings under the Sales Agreement.

Note O – Non-controlling Interest

 

Non-controlling interest recorded in our condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, relates to the following approximate interests in certain consolidated subsidiaries, which we do not own.

 

 

September 30, 2025

 

 

December 31, 2024

 

MiNK Therapeutics, Inc.

 

 

0

%

 

 

45

%

SaponiQx, Inc.

 

 

30

%

 

 

30

%

Changes in non-controlling interest for the periods ended September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, were as follows (in thousands):

21


 

 

 

September 30, 2025

 

 

December 31, 2024

 

Beginning balance

 

$

19,956

 

 

$

11,949

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest

 

 

(3,164

)

 

 

(5,059

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other items:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deconsolidation of a subsidiary

 

 

(25,037

)

 

 

 

Sale of subsidiary shares in private placement

 

 

 

 

 

10,234

 

Issuance of subsidiary shares for employee stock purchase plan and exercise of options

 

 

1

 

 

 

20

 

Subsidiary share-based compensation

 

 

1,513

 

 

 

2,812

 

Total other items

 

 

(23,523

)

 

 

13,066

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ending balance

 

$

(6,731

)

 

$

19,956

 

Deconsolidation of a subsidiary

In the quarter ended September 30, 2025, we deconsolidated MiNK and derecognized the associated non-controlling interest balance.

Sale of subsidiary shares in private placement

In May 2024, MiNK entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement with a certain investor (the “Purchaser”), pursuant to which MiNK issued and sold an aggregate of 464,000 shares of its Common Stock (the “MiNK Common Shares”), at a purchase price of $12.50 per share. The aggregate purchase price paid by the Purchaser for the MiNK Common Shares was approximately $5.8 million, net of offering expenses.

Note P – Related Party Transactions

In September 2021, we entered into an Intellectual Property Assignment and License Agreement with MiNK (the “Assignment and License Agreement”). Pursuant to the Assignment and License Agreement, we assigned to MiNK certain patent rights and know-how related to its iNKT cell platform, product candidates and other patents and know-how related to its business. In addition to the patent rights assigned to MiNK by us, MiNK also received an exclusive, royalty-free, sublicensable license to research, develop, manufacture and commercialize certain licensed technology in the field. The Assignment and License Agreement further provides for MiNK to grant us a field-limited, non-exclusive, royalty-free license under the assigned patent rights, subject to MiNK’s discretion and provided such access would not reasonably result in a disruption of planned MiNK activities. We have also agreed to provide MiNK with our biological material upon written request in order for MiNK to use such material in its development activities of a combination therapy. We may withhold the transfer of biological material, including, but not limited to, checkpoint modulating antibodies, for various reasons, including if such transfer would reasonably result in a disruption of our planned activities. For any materials we do share with MiNK, the parties have agreed to enter into a separate agreement governing the transfer and providing for joint ownership of the data. We have agreed that during the full term of the Assignment and License Agreement, and for three years thereafter, we will not develop, manufacture or commercialize an iNKT cell therapy, directly or indirectly by transferring such technology. MiNK may terminate the Assignment and License Agreement without cause upon 90 days’ prior written notice to us. Either party may terminate if there has been a material breach which has not been cured within 90 days (or 45 days for breach of payment obligations) of receiving such notice.

Effective April 1, 2022, we entered into an Amended and Restated Intercompany Services Agreement (the “New Intercompany Agreement”) with MiNK, which amended and restated the Intercompany General & Administrative Agreement between us and MiNK dated September 10, 2021 (the “Prior Intercompany Agreement”). Under the New Intercompany Agreement, we provide MiNK with certain general and administrative support, including, without limitation, financial, facilities management, human resources and information technology administrative support (the “Agenus Services”), and we and MiNK provide each other with certain research and development services (the “R&D Services”) and other support services, including legal and regulatory support (the “Shared Services”). MiNK is required to pay 10% of our costs related to the Agenus Services, and the costs of R&D Services are based upon pass-through costs related to such services plus an allocation of the costs of the employees performing the services. No payment will be due from either party for the Shared Services, provided that the services provided by each party are proportional in scope and volume. MiNK is also entitled to use our business offices and laboratory space and equipment in exchange for MiNK contributing a proportionate payment for the use of such facilities and equipment, and MiNK will be covered by certain of our insurance policies,

22


 

subject to certain conditions, including MiNK paying the cost of such coverage. Either party may terminate the New Intercompany Agreement upon 60 days’ prior written notice and individual services upon 30 days’ prior written notice.

Allocated Agenus services primarily include payroll related expenses, facility costs, insurance and stock-based compensation, and are included in the accompanying financial statements based on certain estimates and allocations described above.

Allocation of Agenus services, net of approximately $220,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 are included as a contra-expense in “Operating expenses” in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and “Due from related parties,” of $15.0 million as of September 30, 2025, in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have agreed to not require repayment of this balance for the foreseeable future.

On February 12, 2024, we entered into a Convertible Promissory Note Purchase Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") with MiNK pursuant to which MiNK issued us a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of up to $5.0 million (the "Note"). The Purchase Agreement sets forth the terms and conditions, including representations and warranties, for MiNK's issuance and sale of the Note to us.

The Note carries an annual rate of interest rate of 2% (the “Interest Rate”) that accrues from the date funds are paid or advanced by us to MiNK. Interest shall accrue and not be payable until converted or paid in connection with the repayment in full of the principal amount of the Note. The Note provides that MiNK will pay us, on request, the principal amount outstanding, together with any unpaid interest, on or after January 1, 2026. In the event of a qualified financing event, as defined in the Note, the outstanding principal amount of the Note plus accrued and unpaid interest shall, at our election, either be paid in full or converted into equity shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the amount due on the date of conversion by (ii) 80% of the per share price of the equity securities sold in the qualified financing. Upon a change of control, MiNK will pay Agenus an amount equal to (i) 1.5 times the principal then outstanding under the Note and (ii) the amount of accrued interest then outstanding immediately prior to the closing of such change of control.

As of September 30, 2025, the Note had a principal balance of $5.0 million, an accrued and unpaid interest balance of approximately $154,000 and a market interest rate of 15.0%.

In June 2024, Dr. Jennifer Buell, CEO of MiNK, was appointed to our Board of Directors. Dr. Buell's spouse is a partner in the law firm of Wolf, Greenfield & Sachs, P.C. (“Wolf Greenfield”), which provides us legal services. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we expensed Wolf Greenfield fees totaling approximately $4,000 and $167,000, respectively, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we expensed Wolf Greenfield fees totaling approximately $48,000 and $147,000, respectively. Dr. Buell’s spouse does not receive direct compensation from the fees we pay Wolf Greenfield and the fees we paid to Wolf Greenfield in the period were an insignificant amount of Wolf Greenfield’s revenues. Our Audit and Finance Committee approved these services under its related-party transactions policy.

 

Note Q – Segment Information

We are managed and currently operate as three segments. However, we have concluded that our operating segments meet the criteria required by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 280 to be aggregated into one reportable segment. Our operating segments have similar economic characteristics and are similar with respect to the five qualitative characteristics specified in ASC 280. Accordingly, we have one reportable segment. Our one reportable segment is focused on the discovery, development and manufacturing of a comprehensive pipeline of immunological agents designed to expand patient populations benefiting from cancer immunotherapy.

Our Chief Executive Officer serves as our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and is responsible for reviewing company performance and making decisions regarding resource allocation. Our CODM evaluates company performance based on net loss, as included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, ensuring resource allocation decisions

23


 

support company goals. The measure of segment assets is total assets, as included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Refer to the condensed consolidated financial statements for other financial information regarding our single reportable segment.

The following table presents selected financial information related to our single reportable segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Revenues

 

$

30,235

 

 

$

25,112

 

 

$

79,992

 

 

$

76,626

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

External expenses

 

 

(20,022

)

 

 

(34,577

)

 

 

(61,762

)

 

 

(103,348

)

Payroll related expenses

 

 

(9,294

)

 

 

(15,283

)

 

 

(32,723

)

 

 

(47,553

)

Other operating expenses

 

 

(5,464

)

 

 

(6,756

)

 

 

(20,074

)

 

 

(20,304

)

Operating loss

 

 

(4,545

)

 

 

(31,504

)

 

 

(34,567

)

 

 

(94,579

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other income (expense):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest expense

 

 

(13,244

)

 

 

(36,748

)

 

 

(39,569

)

 

 

(99,306

)

Interest income

 

 

74

 

 

 

1,019

 

 

 

315

 

 

 

2,366

 

Other income

 

 

81,626

 

 

 

19

 

 

 

81,350

 

 

 

6,054

 

Net income (loss)

 

$

63,911

 

 

$

(67,214

)

 

$

7,529

 

 

$

(185,465

)

In the table above, “Other operating expenses” includes items such as depreciation and amortization expense, stock-based compensation expense, certain fair value adjustments and expenses related to certain foreign subsidiaries.

 

Note R – Assets Held for Sale

 

On June 3, 2025, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Zydus, a wholly owned subsidiary of Zydus Lifesciences Limited, for the sale to Zydus of substantially all of the assets comprising our manufacturing operations, including both owned and leased assets (the “Purchased Assets”).

As consideration for the sale of the Purchased Assets, Zydus will pay us $75.0 million at closing (less costs related to closing). The Purchase Agreement also includes contingent payments of up to an additional $50.0 million that may be earned based on usage by Agenus of Zydus’ manufacturing business during the 36-month period following the closing.

We also entered into a license agreement with Zydus (the “License Agreement”) under which, upon closing of the Purchase Agreement, Zydus will receive an exclusive license to develop, manufacture and commercialize botensilimab and balstilimab in India and Sri Lanka (the “Territory”) in exchange for a royalty on net sales at a rate of 5%, as may be adjusted by the occurrence of certain contingencies, for a period ending at the later of the expiration of our patent rights in a given country in the Territory or 10 years following first commercial sale in such country.

Additionally, in connection with the Purchase Agreement, we and Zynext Ventures USA LLC (“Zynext”), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Zydus Lifesciences Limited, entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “SPA” and together with the License Agreement and Purchase Agreement the “Zydus Agreements”), pursuant to which Zynext agreed to purchase 2,133,333 shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $16.0 million, or $7.50 per share.

The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and agreements by us and Zydus, indemnification obligations of the parties and certain other obligations of the parties. Closing of the transaction is subject to customary conditions, including receipt of all required government approvals, as well as the entry into a contract manufacturing agreement (under which we will use Zydus for agreed manufacturing needs), and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the SPA and the License Agreement. We anticipate the Zydus Agreements will close in the first quarter of 2026.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2025, we reached an agreement with the lessor of a substantial portion of leased manufacturing equipment included in the Purchased Assets to obtain title to these assets before the closing of the Purchase Agreement.

The Company determined that the Purchased Assets met the held for sale criteria at September 30, 2025, but did not meet the criteria to be deemed a business nor the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation. As a result, the related assets and liabilities were included in the separate held-for-sale line items of the asset and liability sections of our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

24


 

We determined that the fair value of the Purchased Assets, less costs to sell, were greater than their carrying value and, as such, no loss on assets held for sale was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities held for sale at September 30, 2025 (in thousands):

 

 

September 30, 2025

 

Assets:

 

 

 

Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $29,952

 

$

93,288

 

Operating lease right-of-use assets

 

 

18,124

 

Finance lease right-of-use assets

 

 

10,737

 

Total assets held for sale

 

$

122,149

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities:

 

 

 

Current portion, finance lease liabilities

 

$

10,842

 

Current portion, operating lease liabilities

 

 

1,326

 

Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion

 

 

42,398

 

Total liabilities held for sale

 

$

54,566

 

 

Note S – Contingencies

 

In September 2024, a putative securities class action lawsuit captioned In re Agenus Inc. Securities Litigation, No. 1:24-cv-12299, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts (the “Court”) against the Company and certain of its executives and directors. The Court appointed a lead plaintiff pursuant to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act, and the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint on February 7, 2025. The amended complaint alleges that Agenus, three of its current officers, and one member of its advisory board violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 10b-5 thereunder, by making false and misleading statements and omissions of material fact related to the efficacy and commercial prospects of botensilimab and balstilimab. The lead plaintiff seeks to represent all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired Agenus securities between January 23, 2023, and July 17, 2024, and seeks damages and interest, and an award of costs, including attorneys’ fees. On April 8, 2025, the Company moved to dismiss the securities class action. On June 6, 2025 plaintiff filed an opposition to the motion to dismiss, and on July 7, 2025, the Company filed its reply brief. As of the date of this filing, the Company’s motion to dismiss is pending before the court. We are unable to estimate a range of loss, if any, that could result were there to be an adverse decision in this action.

The Company has been served with four derivative actions filed in the Court between November 2024 and January 2025 by purported stockholders. The actions name certain of the Company’s executives and directors and allege that the defendants made false or misleading statements and omissions of material fact related to the efficacy and commercial prospects of botensilimab and balstilimab. On May 2, 2025, the Court consolidated the four actions in Case No. 1:24-cv-12823 and stayed all deadlines pending future developments in the securities class action. We are unable to estimate a range of loss, if any, that could result were there to be an adverse decision in this action.

In September 2024, we received a subpoena from the Boston Regional Office of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission seeking records relating to certain of our product candidates, correspondence with the FDA, public disclosure, and other matters. We have produced records pursuant to the subpoena. We are unable to estimate a range of loss, if any, that could result were there to be an adverse decision in this action.

 

Note T – Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

Recently Issued, Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires incremental annual disclosures around income tax rate reconciliations, income taxes paid and other related disclosures. For public business entities, ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and is applicable for disclosures in our Annual Report on Form 10-K beginning with the year ending December 31, 2025. We are currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2023-09 will have on the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (DISE). This new guidance requires all public entities to incorporate disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the face of the income statement as well as disclosures about selling expenses. Public entities must adopt ASU 2024-03 prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption

25


 

and retrospective application are permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2024-03 will have on our consolidated financial statements.

No other new accounting pronouncement issued or effective during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 had or is expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

 

 

Note U – Subsequent Events

At the Market Offerings

During the period of October 1, 2025 through November 7, 2025, we sold approximately 1.1 million shares of our common stock under the Sales Agreement, totaling net proceeds of approximately $4.5 million.

Zydus Promissory Note Agreement

On October 8, 2025, we entered into the Zydus Note with Zydus, for up to $10.0 million (the “Principal Amount”). The Zydus Note bears interest at 3.81% per annum and matures upon the closing of the Purchase Agreement and SPA (together, the “APA/SPA”), or, if such closings will not occur, within 10 days after notification that the APA/SPA closings will not be consummated. The Zydus Note contains terms and conditions, including representations and warranties, governing its issuance.

Proceeds from the Zydus Note will (i) fund the operational expenses of the Emeryville and Berkeley facilities for the fourth quarter of 2025 (which amount, pursuant to the Zydus Note, will be forgiven and not repaid if the APA/SPA close) and (ii) to make certain payments owed in respect of assets subject to the Purchase Agreement between the parties.

As collateral for the Zydus Note, we pledged 822,910 shares of common stock of MiNK that are owned by Agenus. We also executed a control agreement related to these shares, which control agreement provides certain rights to Zydus in the event that there is an event of default under the Zydus Note. Upon satisfaction of the obligations under the Zydus Note (including repayment or forgiveness in connection with an APA/SPA closing), the pledge is expected to be released in accordance with the Zydus Note and related agreements.

UroGen License Agreement

In November 2019, we entered into a license agreement with UroGen, granting them an exclusive, worldwide license (not including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela and their respective territories and possessions) to develop, manufacture, and commercialize zalifrelimab for the treatment of cancers of the urinary tract via intravesical delivery. We received an upfront payment of $10.0 million. In November 2025 Urogen notified us they were terminating the license agreement in accordance with the terms of the agreement.

 

26


 

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other written and oral statements we make from time to time contain certain “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). You can identify these forward-looking statements by the fact they use words such as “could,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “target,” “may,” “project,” “guidance,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “will,” “potential,” “opportunity,” “future” and other words and terms of similar meaning and expression in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance. You can also identify forward-looking statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Such forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and involve inherent risks and uncertainties, including factors that could delay, divert or change any of them, and could cause actual outcomes to differ materially from current expectations. These statements relate to, among other things, our business strategy, our research and development, our product development efforts, our ability to commercialize our product candidates, the activities of our licensees, our prospects for initiating partnerships or collaborations, the timing of the introduction of products, the effect of new accounting pronouncements, uncertainty regarding our future operating results and our profitability, anticipated sources of funds as well as our plans, objectives, expectations, and intentions.

More detailed descriptions of these risks and uncertainties and other risks and uncertainties applicable to our business that we believe could cause actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements are included in in Part I-Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. We encourage you to read those descriptions carefully. Although we believe we have been prudent in our plans and assumptions, no assurance can be given that any goal or plan set forth in forward-looking statements can be achieved. We caution investors not to place significant reliance on forward-looking statements contained in this document; such statements need to be evaluated in light of all the information contained in this document. Furthermore, the statements speak only as of the date of this document, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise these statements.

Agenus, MiNK, Prophage, Retrocyte Display and STIMULON are trademarks of Agenus Inc. and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage biotechnology company specializing in discovering and developing therapies to activate the body's immune system against cancer and infections. Our pipeline includes immune-modulatory antibodies, vaccine adjuvants (via SaponiQx, Inc. ("SaponiQx")), and adoptive cell therapies (via our investment in MiNK Therapeutics, Inc. ("MiNK")). Our primary focus is immuno-oncology (“I-O”), and our diverse pipeline is supported by our in-house capabilities, including current good manufacturing practice (“cGMP”) manufacturing and a clinical operations platform. To succeed in I-O, innovation and speed are paramount. We are a vertically integrated biotechnology company equipped with a suite of technology platforms to advance from novel target identification through manufacturing for clinical trials of antibodies and cell therapies. By understanding each patient's cancer, we aim to substantially expand the population benefiting from current I-O therapies. In addition to a diverse pipeline, we have assembled fully integrated end-to-end capabilities including novel target discovery, antibody generation, cell line development and cGMP manufacturing. Leveraging our science and capabilities, we have established strategic partnerships to advance innovation. We believe the next generation of cancer treatment will build on clinically validated antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (“CTLA-4”) and a programmed death receptor-1 (“PD-1”) combined with novel immunomodulatory agents designed to address underlying tumor escape mechanisms.

Our I-O portfolio is driven by several platforms and programs, which we plan to utilize individually and in combination:

Multiple antibody discovery platforms, including proprietary display technologies, to identify future antibody candidates.
Antibody candidate programs, including our lead assets, botensilimab ("BOT") (a multifunctional immune cell activator and human Fc-enhanced CTLA-4 blocking antibody, also known as AGEN1181) and balstilimab ("BAL") (a PD-1 blocking antibody).
Our saponin-based vaccine adjuvant platform, primarily centered around our STIMULON™ cultured plant cell (“cpc”) QS-21 adjuvant (“STIMULON cpcQS-21”).
A pipeline of novel allogeneic invariant natural killer T cell (“iNKT”) therapies for treating cancer and other immune-mediated diseases, controlled by MiNK.

We regularly evaluate development, commercialization, and partnering strategies for each product candidate based on various factors, including pre-clinical and clinical trial results, competitive positioning, funding requirements, and available resources. Our

27


 

lead program, BOT is progressing through multiple clinical programs as a monotherapy and in combination with BAL. In April 2023, BOT in combination with BAL received Fast Track designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for the treatment of patients with non-microsatellite instability-high (“MSI-H”) and/or deficient mismatch repair (“dMMR”) metastatic colorectal cancer without active liver involvement. This designation specifically targets patients who are heavily pretreated and have shown resistance or intolerance to standard chemotherapies, including fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan, as well as those who have received a VEGF inhibitor, an EGFR inhibitor, and/or a BRAF inhibitor, if indicated. Based on the BOT/BAL clinical data generated to date, we have developed designs for registration-enabling trials in Microsatellite Stable colorectal cancer across neoadjuvant, first-line, and late-line metastatic colorectal cancer. These trial(s) will launch upon completion of strategic transactions. The options being considered are partnerships, licensing, or joint ventures.

We have entered into collaborations with several companies, including Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (“BMS”), Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (“Betta”), UroGen Pharma Ltd. (“UroGen”), Gilead Sciences, Inc. (“Gilead”), Incyte Corporation (“Incyte”), and Merck Sharp & Dohme (“Merck”). These collaborations, along with our internal programs, have resulted in over a dozen antibody pre-clinical or clinical development programs.

Pursuant to our collaboration agreement with Incyte, we had exclusively licensed to Incyte monospecific antibodies targeting GITR, OX40, TIM-3 and LAG-3, as well as an additional undisclosed target. Under the terms of our agreement, Incyte was responsible for all future development expenses, and we were eligible to receive up to an additional $315.0 million in potential milestone payments plus royalties on any future sales. Incyte has terminated the OX40 program, effective October 2023, and both the GITR program and undisclosed program, effective May 2024. Upon termination, the rights to the OX40, GITR, and undisclosed programs reverted back to us. In July 2024, Incyte announced that it would discontinue further development of the LAG-3 program and TIM-3 program and in February 2025, Incyte notified us of their intent to terminate the entire Collaboration Agreement, effective February 2026. Upon termination, the rights to the remaining programs will revert back to us.

Pursuant to our collaboration and license agreement with Merck, we exclusively licensed to Merck a monospecific antibody targeting ILT4 (MK-4830), which Merck advanced in a Phase 2 clinical trial. Merck is responsible for all future development expenses, and we are eligible to receive up to an additional $85.0 million in potential milestone payments, as well as royalties on future sales. In 2024 Merck notified us that the further clinical development of MK-4830 will be limited to a neoadjuvant ovarian study of MK-4830 in combination with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab that is ongoing.

In September 2018, we, through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Agenus Royalty Fund, LLC, entered into a royalty purchase agreement (the “XOMA Royalty Purchase Agreement”) with XOMA (US) LLC (“XOMA”). Pursuant to the terms of the XOMA Royalty Purchase Agreement, XOMA purchased 33% of all future royalties and 10% of all future milestone payments that we are entitled to receive from Incyte and Merck, net of certain of our obligations to a third party.

In December 2018, we entered into collaboration agreements with Gilead for the development and commercialization of up to five novel I-O therapies (the “Gilead Collaboration Agreements”). Gilead received worldwide exclusive rights to our bispecific antibody, AGEN1423, and the exclusive option to license AGEN1223, a bispecific antibody, and AGEN2373, a monospecific antibody. Gilead elected to return AGEN1423 to us in November 2020 and terminated the license agreement. We ceased development of AGEN1223 in the third quarter of 2021, and the option and license agreement for AGEN1223 was formally terminated in October 2021. In August 2024, Gilead elected not to exercise the option to license AGEN2373 and the option and license agreement was formally terminated.

In November 2019, we entered into a license agreement with UroGen, granting them an exclusive, worldwide license (not including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela and their respective territories and possessions) to develop, manufacture, and commercialize zalifrelimab for the treatment of cancers of the urinary tract via intravesical delivery. We received an upfront payment of $10.0 million. In November 2025 Urogen notified us they were terminating the license agreement in accordance with the terms of the agreement.

In June 2020, we entered into a license and collaboration agreement (the “Betta License Agreement”) with Betta, pursuant to which we granted Betta an exclusive license to develop, manufacture and commercialize balstilimab and zalifrelimab in Republic of China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan (“Greater China”). Under the terms of the Betta License Agreement, we received $15.0 million upfront and are eligible to receive up to $100.0 million in milestone payments plus royalties on any future sales in Greater China.

In May 2021, we entered into a License, Development, and Commercialization Agreement with BMS for our pre-clinical anti-TIGIT bispecific antibody program, AGEN1777. BMS received an exclusive worldwide license to develop, manufacture, and commercialize AGEN1777 and its derivatives. We received a non-refundable upfront cash payment of $200.0 million. In October 2021, we achieved a $20.0 million milestone upon the dosing of the first patient in the AGEN1777 Phase 1 clinical trial and in

28


 

December 2023, we announced that the first patient was dosed in an AGEN1777 Phase 2 clinical trial, triggering the achievement of a $25.0 million milestone. We received this milestone in January 2024. On July 30, 2024, we received notice from BMS that it was voluntarily terminating the BMS License Agreement, effective as of January 26, 2025. Upon termination, BMS returned AGEN1777 to us.

In May 2024, we, and certain wholly-owned subsidiaries, entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “Ligand Purchase Agreement”) with Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (“Ligand”) for the sale to Ligand of (i) 31.875% of the development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments we were then eligible to receive under our agreements with BMS, UroGen, Gilead, Merck and Incyte, (the “Covered License Agreements”) (ii) 18.75% of the royalties we receive under the Covered License Agreements; and (iii) a 2.625% synthetic royalty on worldwide net sales of botensilimab and balstilimab (collectively the “Purchased Assets”). The total amounts payable to Ligand are subject to a 50% reduction in the event total payments to Ligand exceed a specified return hurdle. The synthetic royalty is subject to a reduction if annual worldwide net sales exceed a specified level, and a cap on annual worldwide net sales if annual worldwide net sales exceed a higher specified level. The synthetic royalty can increase by 1% based on the occurrence of certain future events. After taking into account our obligations under the Ligand Purchase Agreement, XOMA Royalty Purchase Agreement and the current status of our collaboration agreements, we remain eligible to receive up to approximately $49.4 million in potential development, regulatory, and commercial milestones from Merck.

In September 2021, we launched SaponiQx to lead innovation in novel adjuvant discovery and vaccine design, focusing on our saponin-based adjuvants. We are particularly dedicated to the development of the next-generation cultured plant cell QS-21. To support this initiative, we partnered with Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc. to develop SaponiQx’s saponin products from sustainably sourced raw materials. Our goal is to meet the demands of the vaccine industry, especially for pandemic vaccines.

Our bark extract QS-21 adjuvant is partnered with GSK and plays a vital role in multiple GSK vaccine programs. These programs are at various stages, including GSK’s approved shingles and RSV vaccines, SHINGRIX and AREXVY, which received FDA approval in the United States in October 2017 and May 2023, respectively. In January 2018, we entered into a Royalty Purchase Agreement with Healthcare Royalty Partners III, L.P. and certain of its affiliates (together, “HCR”), pursuant to which HCR purchased 100% of our worldwide rights to receive royalties from GSK on GSK’s sales of vaccines containing our QS-21 adjuvant. We do not incur clinical development costs for products partnered with GSK. We were also entitled to receive up to $40.35 million in milestone payments from HCR based on sales of GSK’s vaccines as follows: (i) $15.1 million upon reaching $2.0 billion last-twelve-months net sales any time prior to 2024 (the “First HCR Milestone”) and (ii) $25.25 million upon reaching $2.75 billion last-twelve-months net sales any time prior to 2026 (the “Second HCR Milestone”). We received the First HCR Milestone after GSK’s net sales of Shingrix for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 exceeded $2.0 billion. The Second HCR Milestone was received in 2022 after GSK’s net sales of Shingrix for the twelve months ended June 30, 2022 exceeded $2.75 billion.

In October 2021, we completed the initial public offering (“IPO”) of MiNK, which trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “INKT.” MiNK is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing allogeneic invariant natural killer T (“iNKT”) cell therapies to treat cancer and other life-threatening immune diseases.

Our business activities include product research, preclinical and clinical development, intellectual property prosecution, manufacturing, regulatory and clinical affairs, corporate finance and development activities, and support of our collaborations. Our product candidates require successful clinical trials and approvals from regulatory agencies, as well as acceptance in the marketplace. Part of our strategy is to develop and commercialize some of our product candidates through arrangements with academic and corporate collaborators and licensees.

Our common stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “AGEN.”

Historical Results of Operations

Three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024

Non-cash royalty revenue related to the sale of future royalties

In January 2018, we sold 100% of our worldwide rights to receive royalties from GSK on sales of GSK’s vaccines containing our STIMULON QS-21 adjuvant to HCR. As described in Note H to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, this transaction has been recorded as a liability that amortizes over the estimated life of our Royalty Purchase Agreement with HCR. As a result of this liability accounting, even though the royalties are remitted directly to HCR, we record these royalties from GSK as revenue. Non-cash royalty revenue related to our agreement with GSK increased $4.5 million, to approximately $29.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, from $24.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, due to increased net sales of GSK’s vaccines containing our STIMULON QS-21 adjuvant.

29


 

Research and development expense

Research and development expense includes the costs associated with our internal research and development activities, including compensation and benefits, occupancy costs, manufacturing costs, costs of consultants, and administrative costs. Research and development expense decreased 43% to $23.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from $41.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Decreased expenses in the three months ended September 30, 2025 primarily relate to a $11.1 million decrease in third-party services and other expenses, largely due to the timing of expenses related to the advancement of our antibody programs, a $3.4 million decrease in personnel related expenses, mainly due to a decrease in headcount, a $0.5 million decrease in other research and development expenses, and a $2.4 million decrease in expenses attributable to the activities of our subsidiaries, which decrease is partially attributable to the deconsolidation of MiNK.

General and administrative expense

General and administrative expense consists primarily of personnel costs, facility expenses, and professional fees. General and administrative expenses decreased 37% to $10.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from $17.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Decreased expenses in the three months ended September 30, 2025 primarily relate to a $2.5 million decrease in personnel related expenses, mainly due to a decrease in headcount, a $0.5 million decrease in professional fees, a $1.0 million decrease other general and administrative expenses and a $2.5 million decrease in expenses attributable to the activities of our subsidiaries, which decrease is partially attributable to the deconsolidation of MiNK.

Non-operating income (expense)

Non-operating expense increased to approximately $19.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from income of $19,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the $20.3 million MiNK investment fair value adjustment, partially offset by the recognition of R&D tax credits in the UK in the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to de minimis activity in the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net decreased to approximately $13.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from $35.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, mainly due to decreased non-cash interest recorded in connection with our Royalty Purchase Agreement with HCR, primarily attributable to decreased sales forecasts of GSK’s vaccines containing our STIMULON QS-21 adjuvant, partially offset by an increase of the non-cash interest expense recorded in connection with our Ligand Purchase Agreement.

Nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024

Non-cash royalty revenue related to the sale of future royalties

In January 2018, we sold 100% of our worldwide rights to receive royalties from GSK on sales of GSK’s vaccines containing our STIMULON QS-21 adjuvant to HCR. As described in Note H to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, this transaction has been recorded as a liability that amortizes over the estimated life of our Royalty Purchase Agreement with HCR. As a result of this liability accounting, even though the royalties are remitted directly to HCR, we record these royalties from GSK as revenue. Non-cash royalty revenue related to our agreement with GSK increased $2.5 million, to approximately $77.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, from $75.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, due to increased net sales of GSK’s vaccines containing our STIMULON QS-21 adjuvant.

Research and development expense

Research and development expense includes the costs associated with our internal research and development activities, including compensation and benefits, occupancy costs, manufacturing costs, costs of consultants, and administrative costs. Research and development expense decreased 41% to $71.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from $121.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Decreased expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 primarily relate to a $34.0 million decrease in third-party services and other expenses, largely due to the timing of expenses related to the advancement of our antibody programs, a $9.5 million decrease in personnel related expenses, mainly due to a decrease in headcount, a $0.8 million decrease in other research and development expenses, and a $5.7 million decrease in expenses attributable to the activities of our subsidiaries, which decrease is partially attributable to the deconsolidation of MiNK.

General and administrative expense

General and administrative expense consists primarily of personnel costs, facility expenses, and professional fees. General and administrative expenses decreased 17% to $42.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from $50.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Decreased expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 primarily relate to a $5.7 million decrease in personnel related expenses, mainly due to a decrease in headcount, a $1.3 million decrease in other general and administrative expenses, and a $2.4 million decrease in expenses attributable to the activities of our subsidiaries, which decrease is

30


 

partially attributable to the deconsolidation of MiNK. These decreases were partially offset by a $0.6 million increase in professional fees.

Non-operating income (expense)

Non-operating expense increased to approximately $19.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from income of $6.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the $20.3 million MiNK investment fair value adjustment, partially offset by the recognition of R&D tax credits in the UK in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the recognition of a $5.5 million gain on the early termination of two operating leases and the recognition of R&D tax credits in the UK in the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net decreased to approximately $39.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from $96.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, mainly due to decreased non-cash interest recorded in connection with our Royalty Purchase Agreement with HCR, primarily attributable to decreased sales forecasts of GSK’s vaccines containing our STIMULON QS-21 adjuvant, partially offset by an increase of the non-cash interest expense recorded in connection with our Ligand Purchase Agreement.

Research and Development Programs

 

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, our research and development programs consisted largely of our antibody programs as indicated in the following table (in thousands).

 

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

Research and
Development Program

 

Product

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

Antibody programs

 

Various

 

$

51,514

 

 

$

113,135

 

 

$

178,445

 

 

$

133,108

 

Vaccine adjuvant

 

STIMULON cpcQS-21

 

 

1,513

 

 

 

1,844

 

 

 

10,296

 

 

 

10,789

 

Cell therapies

 

Various

 

 

3,282

 

 

 

7,558

 

 

 

16,283

 

 

 

24,300

 

Other research and development programs

 

Various

 

 

15,518

 

 

 

32,991

 

 

 

29,545

 

 

 

18,494

 

Total research and development expenses

 

 

 

$

71,827

 

 

$

155,528

 

 

$

234,569

 

 

$

186,691

 

 

Research and development program costs include compensation and other direct costs plus an allocation of indirect costs, based on certain assumptions and our review of the status of each program. Our product candidates are in various stages of development and significant additional expenditures will be required if we start new clinical trials, encounter delays in our programs, apply for regulatory approvals, continue development of our technologies, expand our operations, and/or bring our product candidates to market. The total cost of any particular clinical trial is dependent on a number of factors such as trial design, length of the trial, number of clinical sites, number of patients, and trial sponsorship. The process of obtaining and maintaining regulatory approvals for new therapeutic products is lengthy, expensive, and uncertain. Because of the current stage of our product candidates, among other factors, we are unable to reliably estimate the cost of completing our research and development programs or the timing for bringing such programs to various markets or substantial partnering or out-licensing arrangements, and, therefore, when, if ever, material cash inflows are likely to commence.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have incurred annual operating losses since inception, and we had an accumulated deficit of $2.2 billion as of September 30, 2025. We expect to incur significant losses over the next several years as we continue development of our technologies and product candidates, manage our regulatory processes, initiate and continue clinical trials, and prepare for potential commercialization of products. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through corporate partnerships, advance royalty sales and the issuance of equity. From our inception through September 30, 2025, we have raised aggregate net proceeds of approximately $2.04 billion through the sale of common and preferred stock, the exercise of stock options and warrants, proceeds from our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, royalty monetization transactions, and the issuance of convertible and other notes.

We maintain an effective registration statement (the “Registration Statement”) covering up to $300.0 million of common stock, preferred stock, warrants, debt securities and units. The Registration Statement includes prospectuses covering the offer, issuance and sale of up to 20.6 million shares of our common stock from time to time in “at-the-market offerings” pursuant to an At Market

31


 

Issuance Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with B. Riley Securities, Inc. as our sales agent. We sold approximately 7.6 million and 1.1 million shares of our common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the period of October 1, 2025 through November 7, 2025, respectively, and received aggregate net proceeds totaling $32.0 million. As of November 7, 2025, approximately 9.4 million shares remained available for sale under the Sales Agreement.

Our cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2025 were $3.5 million. Subsequent to quarter end, we entered into a $10.0 million Promissory Note Agreement with Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc. and received $4.5 million from sales of our common stock in at the market offerings. In addition, we anticipate receiving $91.0 million from our agreements with Zydus Lifesciences Ltd and its affiliates, during the first quarter of 2026.

As of September 30, 2025, we had debt outstanding of $35.6 million in principal, $10.5 million is due June 2026, and $24.75 million is due November 2026.

Based on our current plans and projections, we believe that our cash resources of $3.5 million at September 30, 2025, along with the post-quarter cash infusions noted above, anticipated revenues under our reimbursed compassionate access in France, and projected additional cash inflows from funding we expect to receive in 2026, will be sufficient to satisfy our critical liquidity requirements through 2026. To support operations on an ongoing basis we require additional funding. Since our founding we have financed our operations principally through income and revenues generated from corporate partnerships, advance royalty sales, and proceeds from debt and equity issuances. We transact at-the-market sales from time to time in order to manage our cash balances. We execute at-the-market offerings based on market conditions and our stock price. We do not have in place a program whereby at-the-market offerings are executed automatically based on our trading volume.

Currently we are in discussions with entities including operating companies and financial entities to provide the additional funding to support our operations through our planned registration and launch strategy for botensilimab/balstilimab. However, because the completion of cash funding transactions is not entirely within our control, and in accordance with accounting standards, substantial doubt continues to exist about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year after the date of filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The financial statements have been prepared on a basis that assumes Agenus will continue as a going concern and which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business. Management continues to diligently address the Company’s liquidity needs and has continued to adjust spending in order to preserve liquidity. We expect our sources of funding to include additional out-licensing agreements, asset sales, project financing, and/or sales of equity securities.

Our future cash requirements include, but are not limited to, supporting clinical trial and regulatory efforts and continuing our other research and development programs. Since inception, we have entered into various agreements with contract manufacturers, institutions, and clinical research organizations (collectively “third party providers”) to perform pre-clinical activities and to conduct and monitor our clinical studies and trials. Under these agreements, subject to the enrollment of patients and performance by the applicable third-party provider, we have estimated our total payments to be $660.7 million over the term of the related activities. Through September 30, 2025, we have expensed $624.3 million as research and development expenses and $571.2 million has been paid under these agreements. The timing of expense recognition and future payments related to these agreements is subject to the enrollment of patients and performance by the applicable third-party provider. We plan to enter into additional agreements with third party providers and we anticipate significant additional expenditures will be required to initiate and advance our various programs.

Part of our strategy is to develop and commercialize some of our product candidates by continuing our existing collaboration arrangements with academic and collaboration partners and licensees and by entering into new collaborations. As a result of our collaboration agreements, we will not completely control the efforts to attempt to bring those product candidates to market.

Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $60.6 million and $129.7 million, respectively. Our future ability to generate cash from operations will depend on achieving regulatory approval and market acceptance of our product candidates, achieving benchmarks as defined in existing collaboration agreements, and our ability to enter into new collaborations. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Forward Looking Statements” in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the risks highlighted in Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" of our 2024 Form 10-K.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our primary market risk exposure is foreign currency exchange rate risk. International revenues and expenses are generally transacted by our foreign subsidiaries and are denominated in local currency. Approximately 5.2% and 2.1% of our cash used in operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, respectively, was from our foreign subsidiaries. We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuation risk related to our transactions denominated in foreign

32


 

currencies. We do not currently employ specific strategies, such as the use of derivative instruments or hedging, to manage these exposures. Our currency exposures vary but are primarily concentrated in the British Pound, in large part due to our subsidiary, Agenus UK Limited, a company with operations in England.

We had cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2025 of $3.5 million, which are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes, and our interest income fluctuates as interest rates change. Additionally, in the normal course of business, we are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates as we seek debt financing and invest excess cash. Due to the short-term nature of our investments in money market funds, our carrying value approximates the fair value of these investments at September 30, 2025.

There has been no material change to our interest rate exposure and our approach toward interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate exposures, as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

We invest our cash and cash equivalents in accordance with our investment policy. The primary objectives of our investment policy are to preserve principal, maintain proper liquidity to meet operating needs, and maximize yields. We review our investment policy periodically and amend it as deemed necessary. Currently, the investment policy prohibits investing in any structured investment vehicles and asset-backed commercial paper. Although our investments are subject to credit risk, our investment policy specifies credit quality standards for our investments and limits the amount of credit exposure from any single issue, issuer, or type of investment. We do not invest in derivative financial instruments. Accordingly, we do not believe that there is currently any material market risk exposure with respect to derivatives or other financial instruments that would require disclosure under this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and were designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure, and is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. It should be noted that any system of controls is designed to provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurances that the system will achieve its stated goals under all reasonably foreseeable circumstances. Our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have each concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report are effective at a level that provides such reasonable assurances.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

33


 

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

In September 2024, a putative securities class action lawsuit captioned In re Agenus Inc. Securities Litigation, No. 1:24-cv-12299, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts (the “Court”) against the Company and certain of its executives and directors. The Court appointed a lead plaintiff pursuant to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act, and the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint on February 7, 2025. The amended complaint alleges that Agenus, three of its current officers, and one member of its advisory board violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 10b-5 thereunder, by making false and misleading statements and omissions of material fact related to the efficacy and commercial prospects of botensilimab and balstilimab. The lead plaintiff seeks to represent all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired Agenus securities between January 23, 2023, and July 17, 2024, and seeks damages and interest, and an award of costs, including attorneys’ fees. On April 8, 2025, the Company moved to dismiss the securities class action. On June 6, 2025 plaintiff filed an opposition to the motion to dismiss, and on July 7, 2025, the Company filed its reply brief. As of the date of this filing, the Company’s motion to dismiss is pending before the court. We have not recorded any accrual for a contingent liability associated with these legal proceedings.

The Company has been served with four derivative actions filed in the Court between November 2024 and January 2025 by purported stockholders. The actions name certain of the Company’s executives and directors and allege that defendants made false or misleading statements and omissions of material fact related to the efficacy and commercial prospects of botensilimab and balstilimab. Plaintiffs seek an award of damages and an order directing the Company to reform and improve its corporate governance and internal procedures. On May 2, 2025, the Court consolidated the four actions in Case No. 1:24-cv-12823 and stayed all deadlines pending future developments in the securities class action.

In September 2024, the Company received a subpoena from the Boston Regional Office of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) seeking records relating to certain of our product candidates, correspondence with the FDA, public disclosure, and other matters. We have produced records pursuant to the subpoena. At this time, the Company cannot predict the outcome of the SEC’s investigation.

We are not currently a party to any other material legal proceedings. From time to time, we may be subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of our business activities. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have a material adverse effect on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our results of operations and financial condition are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" of our 2024 Form 10-K.

Item 5. Other Information

Trading Plans of Our Directors and Officers

During the quarter ended September 30, 2025, none of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each item is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

Departure of Principal Accounting Officer

Christine M. Klaskin, VP, Finance, Principal Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer of the Company, has informed the Company that after nearly 30 years with the Company she will be retiring effective December 31, 2025. Ms. Klaskin will continue as a consultant to the Company.

 

34


 

Item 6. Exhibits

 

Exhibit No.

 

Description

 

 

 

10.1*

 

Promissory Note Agreement by and between and Agenus Inc. and Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc., dated October 8,2025. Filed herewith.

 

 

 

10.2

 

Convertible Promissory Note Purchase Agreement by and between MiNK Therapeutics Inc. and Agenus Inc., dated February 12, 2024. Filed herewith.

 

 

 

10.3

 

Form of Convertible Promissory Note by and between MiNK Therapeutics Inc. and Agenus Inc., dated February 12, 2024. Filed herewith.

 

 

 

31.1

 

Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Filed herewith.

 

 

 

31.2

 

Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Filed herewith.

 

 

 

32.1

 

Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Submitted herewith.

 

 

 

101.INS

 

XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

 

 

 

101.SCH

 

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

 

 

 

101.CAL

 

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

 

 

 

101.DEF

 

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

 

 

 

101.LAB

 

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

 

 

 

101.PRE

 

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

 

 

 

104

 

Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101)

 

 

 

 

 

* Certain portions of this exhibit (indicated by “[***]”) have been omitted in compliance with Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(10)(iv) as the Company determined the omitted information (i) is not material and (ii) is the type that the Company customarily and actually treats as private or confidential.

 

35


 

AGENUS INC.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

Date:

 

November 10, 2025

 

AGENUS INC.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ CHRISTINE M. KLASKIN

 

 

 

 

Christine M. Klaskin

VP, Finance, Principal Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer

 

 

36


FAQ

What were Agenus (AGEN) Q3 2025 revenues and earnings?

Total revenues were $30.2 million, with a net income of $63.9 million driven by a $100.9 million gain from MiNK deconsolidation.

How much cash did Agenus (AGEN) have at quarter end?

Cash and cash equivalents were $3.5 million as of September 30, 2025.

What are Agenus’s (AGEN) key liabilities?

Debt principal totaled $35.6 million, and the liability related to the sale of future royalties and milestones was $295.2 million as of September 30, 2025.

Did Agenus (AGEN) raise funds after quarter end?

Yes. Management cites a $10.0 million Zydus promissory note and $4.5 million from at‑the‑market stock sales.

What cash is anticipated in 2026 for Agenus (AGEN)?

The company anticipates receiving $91.0 million from agreements with Zydus Lifesciences and affiliates in Q1 2026.

What changed with MiNK Therapeutics in Q3 2025?

Agenus deconsolidated MiNK, recognized a $100.9 million gain, and now accounts for MiNK under the equity method (fair value option).

How many Agenus (AGEN) shares are outstanding?

There were 34,008,349 common shares outstanding as of November 7, 2025.
Agenus

NASDAQ:AGEN

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134.15M
31.30M
1.71%
30.11%
8.48%
Biotechnology
Biological Products, (no Disgnostic Substances)
Link
United States
LEXINGTON