Earnings climb as Air Products (NYSE: APD) boosts Q1 2026 margins
Filing Impact
Filing Sentiment
Form Type
10-Q
Rhea-AI Filing Summary
Air Products and Chemicals delivered a stronger first quarter of fiscal 2026, with sales of
Operating income rose to
Cash provided by operating activities improved to
Positive
- None.
Negative
- None.
Insights
Margins and earnings improved despite ongoing project exit clean‑up.
Air Products posted first‑quarter sales of
Diluted EPS rose 10% to
The company is still absorbing prior clean‑energy project exit decisions, recording first‑quarter business and asset action charges of
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the quarterly period ended 31 December 2025
or
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 001-04534
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||||||||||||||
(Address of principal executive offices and Zip Code)
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | Emerging growth company | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The number of shares of common stock, par value $1 per share, outstanding at 31 December 2025 was 222,656,008 .
AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC. and Subsidiaries
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
For the quarterly period ended 31 December 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Forward-Looking Statements | 3 | ||||
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION | |||||
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited) | |||||
Consolidated Income Statements – Three Months Ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 | 5 | ||||
Consolidated Comprehensive Income Statements – Three Months Ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 | 6 | ||||
Consolidated Balance Sheets – 31 December 2025 and 30 September 2025 | 7 | ||||
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Three Months Ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 | 8 | ||||
Consolidated Statements of Equity – Three Months Ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 | 9 | ||||
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 10 | ||||
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 38 | ||||
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 58 | ||||
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 58 | ||||
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION | |||||
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 59 | ||||
Item 5. Other Information | 59 | ||||
Item 6. Exhibits | 60 | ||||
Signature | 61 | ||||
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include all statements that do not relate solely to historical or current facts and can generally be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” "future," “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “outlook,” “plan,” “position,” “possible,” “potential,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions or variations thereof, or the negative thereof, but these terms are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s expectations and assumptions as of the date of this report and are not guarantees of future performance. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements may relate to a number of matters, including expectations regarding revenue, margins, expenses, earnings, tax provisions, cash flows, pension obligations, share repurchases or other statements regarding economic conditions or our business outlook; statements regarding capital expenditures and plans, projects, investment opportunities, and potential transactions that are subject to ongoing negotiations and their expected impact and timing; strategies and objectives for our future operations, including our ability to win new projects and execute the projects in our backlog; and statements regarding our expectations with respect to pending legal claims or disputes. While forward-looking statements are made in good faith and based on assumptions, expectations and projections that management believes are reasonable based on currently available information, actual performance and financial results may differ materially from projections and estimates expressed in the forward-looking statements because of many factors, including, without limitation:
•changes in global or regional economic conditions, inflation, and supply and demand dynamics in the market segments we serve, including demand for technologies and projects to limit the impact of global climate change;
•changes in the financial markets that may affect the availability and terms on which we may obtain financing;
•the ability to execute agreements with customers and implement price increases to offset cost increases;
•disruptions to our supply chain and related distribution delays and cost increases;
•risks associated with having extensive international operations, including political risks, risks associated with unanticipated government actions and risks of investing in developing markets;
•project delays, scope changes, cost escalations, contract terminations, customer cancellations, or postponement of projects and sales;
•our ability to safely develop, operate, and manage costs of large-scale and technically complex projects;
•the future financial and operating performance of major customers, joint ventures, and equity affiliates;
•our ability to safely and effectively develop, implement, and operate new technologies and to market products produced utilizing new technologies;
•our ability to execute the projects in our backlog and refresh our pipeline of new projects;
•tariffs, economic sanctions and regulatory activities in jurisdictions in which we, our affiliates and joint ventures, and our customers and other counterparties operate;
•the impact of environmental, tax, safety, or other legislation, as well as regulations and other public policy initiatives affecting our business and the business of our affiliates and related compliance requirements, including legislation, regulations, or policies intended to address global climate change;
•changes in tax rates and other changes in tax law;
•safety incidents relating to our operations;
•the timing, impact, and other uncertainties relating to acquisitions, divestitures, joint venture activities and other commercial transactions, as well as our ability to integrate acquisitions and separate divested businesses, respectively;
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
•risks relating to cybersecurity incidents, including risks from the interruption, failure or compromise of our information systems or those of our business partners or service providers;
•catastrophic events, such as natural disasters and extreme weather events, pandemics and other public health crises, acts of war, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and new and ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, or terrorism;
•the impact on our business and customers of price fluctuations in oil and natural gas and disruptions in markets and the economy due to oil and natural gas price volatility;
•costs and outcomes of legal or regulatory proceedings and investigations;
•asset impairments due to economic conditions or specific events;
•significant fluctuations in inflation, interest rates, and foreign currency exchange rates from those currently anticipated;
•damage to facilities, pipelines or delivery systems, including those we are constructing or that we own or operate for third parties;
•availability and cost of electric power, natural gas, and other raw materials; and
•the commencement and success of any productivity and operational improvement programs.
In addition to the foregoing factors, forward-looking statements contained herein are qualified with respect to the risks disclosed elsewhere in this document, including in Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Item 3, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, as well as with respect to the risks described in Item 1A, Risk Factors, to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended 30 September 2025 and in Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Any of these factors, as well as those not currently anticipated by management, could cause our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity to differ materially from what is expressed or implied by any forward-looking statement. Except as required by law, we disclaim any obligation or undertaking to update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in assumptions, beliefs, or expectations or any change in events, conditions, or circumstances upon which any such forward-looking statements are based.
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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||
| 31 December | ||||||||
| (Millions of U.S. Dollars, except for share and per share data) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Sales | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cost of sales | ||||||||
| Selling and administrative expense | ||||||||
| Research and development expense | ||||||||
| Business and asset actions | ||||||||
| Shareholder activism-related costs | ||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | ||||||||
| Operating Income | ||||||||
| Equity affiliates' income | ||||||||
| Interest expense | ||||||||
| Other non-operating income (expense), net | ( | |||||||
| Income Before Taxes | ||||||||
| Income tax expense | ||||||||
| Net Income | ||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | ||||||||
| Net Income Attributable to Air Products | $ | $ | ||||||
Per Share Data (U.S. Dollars per share) | ||||||||
| Basic earnings per share attributable to Air Products | $ | $ | ||||||
| Diluted earnings per share attributable to Air Products | $ | $ | ||||||
Weighted Average Common Shares (in millions) | ||||||||
| Basic | ||||||||
| Diluted | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||
| 31 December | ||||||||||||||
| (Millions of U.S. Dollars) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Net Income | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax: | ||||||||||||||
Translation adjustments, net of tax of ($ | ( | |||||||||||||
Net gain on derivatives, net of tax of $ | ||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustments: | ||||||||||||||
Derivatives, net of tax of $ | ||||||||||||||
Pension and postretirement benefits, net of tax of $ | ||||||||||||||
| Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ( | |||||||||||||
| Comprehensive Income | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests | ||||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive Income Attributable to Air Products | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
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Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
| 31 December | 30 September | |||||||
| (Millions of U.S. Dollars, except for share and per share data) | 2025 | 2025 | ||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current Assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash items | $ | $ | ||||||
| Trade receivables, net | ||||||||
| Inventories | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ||||||||
| Assets held for sale | ||||||||
| Other receivables and current assets | ||||||||
| Total Current Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Investment in net assets of and advances to equity affiliates | ||||||||
| Plant and equipment, at cost | ||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | ||||||||
| Plant and equipment, net | $ | $ | ||||||
| Goodwill, net | ||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | ||||||||
| Noncurrent lease receivables | ||||||||
| Financing receivables | ||||||||
| Other noncurrent assets | ||||||||
| Total Noncurrent Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
Total Assets(A) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities and Equity | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Payables and accrued liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued income taxes | ||||||||
| Short-term borrowings | ||||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt | ||||||||
| Liabilities held for sale | ||||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Long-term debt | ||||||||
| Long-term debt – related party | ||||||||
| Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Other noncurrent liabilities | ||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | ||||||||
| Total Noncurrent Liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
Total Liabilities(A) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies - See Note 11 | ||||||||
| Air Products Shareholders’ Equity | ||||||||
Common stock (par value $ | ||||||||
| Capital in excess of par value | ||||||||
| Retained earnings | ||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ( | ||||||
Treasury stock, at cost (2026 - | ( | ( | ||||||
| Total Air Products Shareholders’ Equity | $ | $ | ||||||
Noncontrolling Interests(A) | ||||||||
| Total Equity | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total Liabilities and Equity | $ | $ | ||||||
(A)Includes balances associated with a consolidated variable interest entity ("VIE"), including amounts reflected in "Total Assets" that can only be used to settle obligations of the VIE of $7,684.6 and $7,134.7 as of 31 December 2025 and 30 September 2025, respectively, as well as liabilities of the VIE reflected within "Total Liabilities" for which creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of Air Products of $5,304.8 and $4,937.7 as of 31 December 2025 and 30 September 2025, respectively. Refer to Note 3, Variable Interest Entities, for additional information regarding the NEOM Green Hydrogen Company joint venture.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| 31 December | |||||||||||
| (Millions of U.S. Dollars) | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||
| Operating Activities | |||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | |||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Air Products | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile income to cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | ( | ||||||||||
| Business and asset actions | |||||||||||
| Undistributed earnings of equity method investments | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Gain on sale of assets and investments | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Share-based compensation | |||||||||||
| Noncurrent lease receivables | |||||||||||
| Other adjustments | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Working capital changes that provided (used) cash, excluding effects of acquisitions: | |||||||||||
| Trade receivables | ( | ||||||||||
| Inventories | ( | ||||||||||
| Other receivables | ( | ||||||||||
| Payables and accrued liabilities | ( | ||||||||||
| Other working capital | ( | ||||||||||
| Cash Provided by Operating Activities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Investing Activities | |||||||||||
| Additions to plant and equipment, including long-term deposits | ($ | ($ | |||||||||
| Investments in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ||||||||||
| Investments in financing receivables | ( | ||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of assets and investments | |||||||||||
Purchases of short-term investments | ( | ||||||||||
Proceeds from short-term investments | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from other investing activities | |||||||||||
| Cash Used for Investing Activities | ($ | ($ | |||||||||
| Financing Activities | |||||||||||
| Long-term debt proceeds | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Payments on long-term debt | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in commercial paper and short-term borrowings | ( | ||||||||||
| Dividends paid to shareholders | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Investments by noncontrolling interests | |||||||||||
| Other financing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash (Used for) Provided by Financing Activities | ($ | $ | |||||||||
| Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash | ( | ||||||||||
| Decrease in cash and cash items | ($ | ($ | |||||||||
| Cash and cash items – Beginning of Year | |||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Items – End of Period | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(Unaudited)
| (Millions of U.S. Dollars, except for per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended 31 December 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Capital in Excess of Par Value | Retained Earnings | AOCL(A) | Treasury Stock | Air Products Share-holders' Equity | Non-controlling Interests | Total Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of 30 September 2025 | $ | $ | $ | ($ | ($ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends on common stock ($ | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of treasury shares for award plans | — | ( | — | — | ( | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments by noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of noncontrolling interests | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other equity transactions | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of 31 December 2025 | $ | $ | $ | ($ | ($ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended 31 December 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Capital in Excess of Par Value | Retained Earnings | AOCL(A) | Treasury Stock | Air Products Share-holders' Equity | Non-controlling Interests | Total Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of 30 September 2024 | $ | $ | $ | ($ | ($ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends on common stock ($ | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of treasury shares for stock option and award plans | — | ( | — | — | ( | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments by noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other equity transactions | — | ( | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of 31 December 2024 | $ | $ | $ | ($ | ($ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
(A)Accumulated other comprehensive loss.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Millions of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated
| 1. | Basis of Presentation and Major Accounting Policies | 11 | ||||||
| 2. | New Accounting Guidance | 11 | ||||||
| 3. | Variable Interest Entities | 13 | ||||||
| 4. | Business and Asset Actions | 16 | ||||||
| 5. | Revenue Recognition | 18 | ||||||
| 6. | Inventories | 19 | ||||||
| 7. | Goodwill | 19 | ||||||
| 8. | Financial Instruments | 20 | ||||||
| 9. | Fair Value Measurements | 26 | ||||||
| 10. | Retirement Benefits | 29 | ||||||
| 11. | Commitments and Contingencies | 29 | ||||||
| 12. | Share-Based Compensation | 32 | ||||||
| 13. | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | 33 | ||||||
| 14. | Earnings Per Share | 34 | ||||||
| 15. | Supplemental Information | 34 | ||||||
| 16. | Business Segment Information | 35 | ||||||
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1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND MAJOR ACCOUNTING POLICIES
As used in this report, unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “we”, “our”, “us”, the “Company”, "Air Products", or “registrant” include our controlled subsidiaries and affiliates.
Basis of Presentation
The interim consolidated financial statements of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. and its controlled subsidiaries included herein have been prepared by us, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
Certain information normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") has been condensed or omitted as permitted under such rules and regulations. In management’s opinion, the accompanying statements reflect adjustments necessary to fairly present our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods indicated and contain adequate disclosures to make the information presented not misleading. Adjustments included herein are of a normal, recurring nature unless otherwise disclosed in the notes to the interim consolidated financial statements. Certain prior period information has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
To fully understand the basis of presentation, the interim consolidated financial statements and related notes included herein should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended 30 September 2025 (the "2025 Form 10-K"), which was filed with the SEC on 20 November 2025. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for a full year.
Major Accounting Policies
Refer to our 2025 Form 10-K for a description of our major accounting policies. There were no significant changes to these accounting policies during the first quarter of fiscal year 2026.
Estimates and Assumptions
Preparation of the interim consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in these statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
2. NEW ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE
New Accounting Guidance to be Implemented
Climate-Related Disclosures
In March 2024, the SEC issued Release No. 33-11275, "The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors", which includes final rules for providing annual qualitative and quantitative disclosures regarding certain climate-related topics. As a result of legal challenges, the SEC issued an order in April 2024 to stay the effectiveness of the rules pending the completion of judicial review of the consolidated challenges before the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.
The SEC subsequently announced its withdrawal of its legal defense to such challenges in March 2025; however, the rules have not been formally rescinded by the SEC. In April 2025, the appellate court suspended its proceedings indefinitely and directed the SEC to file a status report outlining its next steps. In response, the SEC stated in July 2025 that it does not intend to revisit the rules and requested the court to rule on the pending petitions.
In September 2025, the appellate court declined the SEC's request and placed the litigation in abeyance, which will remain in effect until the SEC reconsiders the rules by notice-and-comment rulemaking or renews its defense. We continue to monitor these developments.
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Income Tax Disclosures
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740)—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”, to expand income tax disclosures, primarily through disaggregation requirements for the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The update will be effective in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending 30 September 2026, although early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis with a retrospective option. We are evaluating the impact this update will have on our disclosures.
Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses”, which requires additional disclosures of certain costs and expenses, including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, as well as selling expenses in the notes to the financial statements. In January 2025, the FASB clarified that the update will be effective in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending 30 September 2028 as well as interim periods thereafter, although early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied either prospectively after the effective date or retrospectively to any or all periods presented. We are evaluating the impact this update will have on our disclosures.
Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-09, “Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets”, which allows an entity to elect a practical expedient to assume that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change when estimating expected credit losses. This update will be effective at the beginning of fiscal year 2027, although early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. We are evaluating the implications of this update. At this time, we do not expect it will have a material impact on our financial statements.
Accounting for Internal-Use Software
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, “Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software”, which establishes criteria for commencing cost capitalization for software projects. This update will be effective at the beginning of fiscal year 2029, although early adoption is permitted. The amendments can be applied prospectively, retrospectively, or via a modified prospective transition method. We are evaluating the impact this update will have on our financial statements.
Government Grants
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-10, “Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities”, which provides guidance on the recognition, measurement, and presentation of government grants. This update will be effective at the beginning of fiscal year 2030, although early adoption is permitted. The amendments can be applied on a modified prospective approach, modified retrospective approach, or a full retrospective approach. We are evaluating the impact this update will have on our financial statements.
Interim Reporting
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, “Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements”. This guidance addresses the form and content of interim financial statements, lists interim disclosures required by other codification topics, and establishes a principle for disclosing events since the end of the last annual reporting period that have a material impact. This update will be effective for interim periods beginning in fiscal year 2029, although early adoption is permitted. The ASU can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. We are evaluating the impact this update will have on our disclosures.
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3. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
We are the primary beneficiary of the NEOM Green Hydrogen Company joint venture ("NGHC"), a variable interest entity ("VIE") that is consolidated in our Middle East and India segment. We are not the primary beneficiary of any other material VIEs.
Our other material VIEs are those in which we hold variable interests but are not the primary beneficiary. We have an equity interest and exercise significant influence in the Jazan Integrated Gasification and Power Company joint venture ("JIGPC"), which we account for as an equity method investment in our Middle East and India segment. We have no equity interest in World Energy, LLC ("World Energy"), but hold a variable interest through a financing receivable that was fully reserved in connection with our exit from the sustainable aviation fuel expansion project during the second quarter of fiscal year 2025.
NGHC Joint Venture
The NEOM Green Hydrogen Project is a multi-billion dollar green hydrogen-based ammonia production facility that is being constructed in NEOM City, Saudi Arabia. Owned and operated by NGHC, the facility will be powered by renewable energy to produce green ammonia for Air Products as the exclusive offtaker under a long-term take-if-tendered agreement.
Air Products is an equal owner in NGHC with our joint venture partners, ACWA Power and NEOM Company. While we only hold one-third of the voting interests in the joint venture, substantially all the activities of the joint venture involve or are conducted on behalf of Air Products. Since we have disproportionately few voting rights relative to our economic interests in the joint venture, we determined that NGHC is a VIE. In addition, we determined that we are the primary beneficiary of NGHC since we have the power to unilaterally direct certain significant activities, including key design and construction decisions, and we share power with our joint venture partners related to other activities that are significant to the economic performance of NGHC. Therefore, we consolidate NGHC within the Middle East and India segment.
Under the project financing discussed below, the assets of NGHC can only be used to settle obligations of the joint venture, and creditors of NGHC do not have recourse to the general credit of Air Products. A table summarizing balances associated with NGHC as reflected on our consolidated balance sheets is provided on page 14.
Project Financing
In May 2023, NGHC finalized the $6.7 billion engineering, procurement, and construction agreement, naming Air Products as the main contractor and system integrator for the facility. To support the project, NGHC secured project financing that is non-recourse to Air Products of approximately $6.1 billion, which is expected to fund about 73 % of the project and is being drawn over the construction period. At the same time, NGHC secured additional credit facilities totaling approximately $500 , primarily for NGHC's working capital needs. These facilities are also non-recourse to Air Products. Total principal borrowings were $5.3 billion and $4.9 billion as of 31 December 2025 and 30 September 2025, respectively. Long-term principal borrowings of approximately $365 during the first quarter of fiscal year 2026 were primarily drawn under a 2.00 % stated-rate Saudi Riyal facility.
The borrowings discussed above are primarily from long-term facilities that are presented net of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs within "Long-term debt" on our consolidated balance sheets. Short-term borrowings were $36.7 and $24.0 as of 31 December 2025 and 30 September 2025, respectively, under a variable-rate Saudi Riyal facility that carried an interest rate of 5.00 % as of 31 December 2025.
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Interest Rate Swaps
In May 2023, NGHC entered into floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps designed to hedge long-term variable-rate debt facilities available under the project financing during the construction period. In fiscal year 2024, we discontinued cash flow hedge accounting for certain swaps due to changes in the anticipated drawdown timeline for the hedged borrowings. As a result, unrealized gains and losses for the de-designated swaps were recorded to "Other non-operating income (expense), net" on our consolidated income statements. During the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, we recorded an unrealized gain of $38.8 ($10.3 attributable to Air Products after tax), with $25.2 attributable to our noncontrolling partners.
We re-designated the affected swaps as outstanding borrowings under the available project financing became commensurate with the swaps’ notional values. The unrealized gain on swaps that remained de-designated during the first quarter of fiscal year 2026 was not material. As of 1 January 2026, all swaps have been re-designated as cash flow hedges.
NGHC Balance Sheet
The table below summarizes balances associated with NGHC as reflected on our consolidated balance sheets:
| 31 December | 30 September | |||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2025 | |||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash items | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Trade receivables, net | ||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ||||||||||||||
| Other receivables and current assets | ||||||||||||||
Total Current Assets | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Plant and equipment, net | ||||||||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | ||||||||||||||
| Other noncurrent assets | ||||||||||||||
Total Noncurrent Assets | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Total Assets | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Payables and accrued liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Accrued income taxes | ||||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings | ||||||||||||||
Total Current Liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | ||||||||||||||
| Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Other noncurrent liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | ||||||||||||||
Total Noncurrent Liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Total Liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Equity | ||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | ||||||||||||||
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JIGPC Joint Venture
JIGPC is a joint venture with Saudi Aramco Power Company (a subsidiary of Aramco), ACWA Power, and Air Products Qudra (“APQ”). JIGPC entered into project financing to purchase power blocks, gasifiers, air separation units, syngas cleanup assets, and utilities to supply electricity, steam, hydrogen, and utilities to Aramco’s refinery and terminal complex under a 25 -year agreement, which commenced in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022. JIGPC recorded financing receivables upon acquisition of the assets and recognizes financing income over the supply term.
We determined JIGPC is a VIE for which we exercise significant influence but are not the primary beneficiary as we do not have the power to direct the activities that are most significant to its economic performance. Instead, these activities, including plant dispatch, operating and maintenance decisions, budgeting, capital expenditures, and financing, require unanimous approval of the owners or are controlled by the customer. Accordingly, we account for our 55 % investment, which includes 4 % that is attributable to the noncontrolling partner of APQ, under the equity method within the Middle East and India segment.
Our loss exposure is limited to the carrying value of our investment in the joint venture which, including amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests, totaled $3.1
Our total investment in JIGPC primarily consists of shareholder loans that qualify as in-substance common stock in the joint venture. Certain shareholders receive a preferred cash distribution pursuant to the joint venture agreement, which specifies each shareholder’s share of income after considering the amount of cash available for distribution. As such, the earnings attributable to Air Products may not be proportionate to our ownership interest in the venture.
World Energy
In November 2023, we purchased a sustainable aviation fuel (“SAF”) facility in Paramount, California, from World Energy and accounted for the transaction as a financing arrangement because the agreement contained an embedded sales-type lease. Additionally, we entered into a Master Project Agreement ("MPA") that included terms for operation of the acquired facility as well as amended terms for the construction and operation of an SAF expansion project subject to construction at the same location. We determined that World Energy is a VIE, and our financing receivable represented a variable interest in World Energy. We are not the primary beneficiary as we did not control key operating decisions.
In February 2025, we terminated the MPA and announced our decision to exit the project. Cumulative project exit charges recorded in connection with this decision totaled approximately $1.9 billion through 31 December 2025, the majority of which were recognized in the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 and primarily related to the write-down of plant and equipment. These project exit charges were recorded with other business and asset actions discussed in Note 4, Business and Asset Actions.
We have no further loss exposure related to our variable interest in World Energy as of 31 December 2025; however, future impacts to earnings may occur as we finalize our exit from the project. Estimates used to calculate the charges reflect our best judgment based on information available as of 31 December 2025.
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4. BUSINESS AND ASSET ACTIONS
Project Exit Costs
During the first quarter of fiscal year 2026, we recorded charges for business and asset actions totaling $28.3 24.6 after tax) related to project exits announced in fiscal year 2025. Of these charges, $22.0 were recorded within operating income to reflect updated cost estimates as we settle project‑related commitments and sell associated assets. The remaining $6.3 was recorded to "Other non‑operating income (expense), net" and reflects losses on cross‑currency interest rate swaps terminated in connection with the early repayment of related intercompany loans for one of the affected gasification projects.
Project exit decisions reached in fiscal year 2025 were part of a review initiated by our Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer to focus resources on projects we believe will deliver the greatest value to our shareholders. These actions primarily affected clean‑energy generation and distribution projects, including three U.S.-based projects within the Americas segment, as well as several smaller-scale projects across our global portfolio. The exit decisions were driven by several factors, including challenging commercial conditions and unfavorable regulatory actions, as well as customer‑related challenges for two coal gasification plants in China that resulted in assets and liabilities being classified as held for sale. Assets held for sale primarily include plant and equipment. The project review remains ongoing and may result in additional costs in future periods.
Cumulative charges incurred in connection with these decisions totaled approximately $3.6 billion through 31 December 2025, the majority of which were recognized in the second quarter of fiscal year 2025. Noncash expenses of approximately $3.3 billion included $2.5 billion to write down plant and equipment, with the remainder primarily related to other assets associated with our exit from the sustainable aviation fuel expansion project with World Energy as discussed in Note 3, Variable Interest Entities.
Cash obligations primarily relate to costs to terminate contractual commitments and settle asset retirement obligations. Total cash outflows are expected to be approximately $360 once the actions are fully implemented. Approximately $200 has been paid through 31 December 2025.
The table below provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability balances associated with project exit activities, which are reflected within “Payables and Accrued Liabilities” on our consolidated balance sheets:
| Amount accrued as of 30 September 2025 | $ | ||||
| Changes in estimates | |||||
| Cash payments | ( | ||||
| Currency translation adjustment | |||||
Amount accrued as of 31 December 2025 | $ | ||||
Both the held-for-sale assets and other marketable plant and equipment were subject to Level 3 fair value measurements due to the use of significant unobservable inputs. There were no material changes to the valuation assumptions during the first quarter of fiscal year 2026. Refer to Note 9, Fair Value Measurements, for additional information.
Estimates related to the actions described above reflect our best judgment based on information available as of 31 December 2025. Final settlement of these items may differ materially from current estimates, which could impact our consolidated financial statements in future periods. While we expect the related exit activities to be completed in fiscal year 2026, we cannot predict the occurrence of future events and circumstances that could extend this process beyond one year in certain cases.
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Global Cost Reduction Plan
In June 2023, we initiated a global cost reduction plan that provides severance and other postemployment benefits to employees designated for involuntary separation. In accordance with our accounting policy, we recognize related costs in the period management formally commits to a defined set of actions under the plan. Benefits are determined based on the terms of our established ongoing benefit arrangements. Since the plan was initiated, we have incurred cumulative costs totaling $207.7 for approximately 3,600 employees globally. No
The table below provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability balances associated with our global cost reduction plan, which are reflected within “Payables and Accrued Liabilities” on our consolidated balance sheets:
Amount accrued as of 30 September 2025 | $ | ||||
| Cash payments | ( | ||||
| Currency translation adjustment | |||||
Amount accrued as of 31 December 2025 | $ | ||||
The remaining liability as of 31 December 2025 relates to employees identified during fiscal year 2025. We expect implementation of these actions to be substantially complete by the end of fiscal year 2026. However, position eliminations are subject to legal requirements that vary by jurisdiction, which may extend this process beyond one year in certain cases.
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5. REVENUE RECOGNITION
The majority of our revenue is generated from our sale of gas customers within the regional industrial gases segments. We distribute product to our industrial gas customers through either our on-site or merchant supply mode depending on various factors, including the customer's volume requirements and location. We also design and manufacture equipment for air separation, hydrocarbon recovery and purification, and liquid helium and liquid hydrogen transport and storage. The Corporate and other segment serves our sale of equipment customers.
Disaggregation of Revenue
The tables provided below present our consolidated sales disaggregated by supply mode for each of our reportable segments. We believe this presentation best depicts the nature, timing, type of customer, and contract terms for our sales.
| Three Months Ended 31 December 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Americas | Asia | Europe | Middle East and India | Corporate and other | Total | % | |||||||||||||||||
| On-site | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Merchant | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sale of equipment | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended 31 December 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Americas | Asia | Europe | Middle East and India | Corporate and other | Total | % | |||||||||||||||||
| On-site | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Merchant | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sale of Equipment | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||
Interest income associated with financing and lease arrangements accounted for approximately 1
Remaining Performance Obligations
As of 31 December 2025, the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations is estimated to be approximately $26 billion. This amount includes fixed-charge contract provisions associated with our on-site and sale of equipment supply modes. We estimate that approximately half of this revenue will be recognized over the next five years and the balance thereafter.
Our remaining performance obligations do not include (1) expected revenue associated with new on-site plants that are not yet on-stream; (2) consideration associated with contracts that have an expected duration of less than one year; and (3) variable consideration for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice, including energy cost pass-through to customers.
In the future, actual amounts will differ due to events outside of our control, including, but not limited to, inflationary price escalations; currency exchange rates; and amended, terminated, or renewed contracts.
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Contract Balances
The table below details balances arising from contracts with customers:
| 31 December | 30 September | ||||||||||
| Balance Sheet Location | 2025 | 2025 | |||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Contract assets – current | Other receivables and current assets | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Contract fulfillment costs – current | Other receivables and current assets | ||||||||||
| Contract assets – noncurrent | Other noncurrent assets | ||||||||||
| Contract fulfillment costs – noncurrent | Other noncurrent assets | ||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Contract liabilities – current | Payables and accrued liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Contract liabilities – noncurrent | Other noncurrent liabilities | ||||||||||
During the first three months of fiscal year 2026, we recognized sales of approximately $30 associated with sale of equipment contracts that were included within our current contract liabilities as of 30 September 2025.
6. INVENTORIES
The components of inventories are as follows:
| 31 December | 30 September | |||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2025 | |||||||||||||
| Finished goods | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Work in process | ||||||||||||||
| Raw materials, supplies, and other | ||||||||||||||
| Inventories | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
7. GOODWILL
Changes to the carrying amount of consolidated goodwill by segment for the three months ended 31 December 2025 are as follows:
| Americas | Asia | Europe | Middle East and India | Corporate and other | Total | |||||||||||||||
Goodwill, net as of 30 September 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Currency translation | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill, net as of 31 December 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| 31 December | 30 September | |||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2025 | |||||||||||||
| Goodwill, gross | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Accumulated impairment losses(A) | ($ | ($ | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill, net | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
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8. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Currency Price Risk Management
Our earnings, cash flows, and financial position are exposed to foreign currency risk from foreign currency-denominated transactions and net investments in foreign operations. It is our policy to seek to minimize our cash flow volatility from changes in currency exchange rates. This is accomplished by identifying and evaluating the risk that our cash flows will change in value due to changes in exchange rates and by executing strategies necessary to manage such exposures. Our objective is to maintain economically balanced currency risk management strategies that provide adequate downside protection.
Forward Exchange Contracts
We enter into forward exchange contracts to reduce the cash flow exposure to foreign currency fluctuations associated with highly anticipated cash flows and certain firm commitments, such as the purchase of plant and equipment. We also enter into forward exchange contracts to hedge the cash flow exposure on intercompany loans and third-party debt. This portfolio of forward exchange contracts consists primarily of the U.S. Dollar and each of the Chinese Renminbi, South Korean Won, and Canadian Dollar. The maximum remaining term of any forward exchange contract currently outstanding and designated as a cash flow hedge at 31 December 2025 is 2.2 years.
Forward exchange contracts are also used to hedge the value of investments in certain foreign subsidiaries and affiliates by creating a liability in a currency in which we have a net equity position. The primary currency pair in this portfolio of forward exchange contracts is the U.S. Dollar and Chilean Peso.
We also utilize forward exchange contracts that are not designated as hedges. These contracts are used to economically hedge foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities, primarily working capital. The primary objective of these forward exchange contracts is to protect the value of foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities from the effects of volatility in foreign exchange rates that might occur prior to their receipt or settlement. This portfolio of forward exchange contracts consists of multiple foreign currency pairs, with a profile that changes from time to time depending on our business activity and sourcing decisions.
The table below summarizes our outstanding currency price risk management instruments:
| 31 December 2025 | 30 September 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| US$ Notional | Years Average Maturity | US$ Notional | Years Average Maturity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward Exchange Contracts: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow hedges | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment hedges | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Not designated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Forward Exchange Contracts | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
We also use foreign currency-denominated debt to hedge the foreign currency exposures of our net investment in certain foreign subsidiaries. The designated foreign currency-denominated debt and related accrued interest was €3,174.8 million ($3,729.8 ) at 31 December 2025 and €3,188.1 million ($3,741.5 ) at 30 September 2025. The designated foreign currency-denominated debt is presented within "Long-term debt" on our consolidated balance sheets.
Debt Portfolio Management
It is our policy to identify, on a continuing basis, the need for debt capital and to evaluate the financial risks inherent in funding the Company with debt capital. Reflecting the result of this ongoing review, we manage our debt portfolio and hedging program with the intent to (1) reduce funding risk with respect to borrowings made by us to preserve our access to debt capital and provide debt capital as required for funding and liquidity purposes, and (2) manage the aggregate interest rate risk and the debt portfolio in accordance with certain debt management parameters.
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Interest Rate Management Contracts
We enter into interest rate swaps to change the fixed/variable interest rate mix of our debt portfolio in order to maintain the percentage of fixed- and variable-rate debt within the parameters set by management. In accordance with these parameters, the agreements are used to manage interest rate risks and costs inherent in our debt portfolio. Our interest rate management portfolio generally consists of fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps (which are designated as fair value hedges), pre-issuance interest rate swaps and treasury locks (which hedge the interest rate risk associated with anticipated fixed-rate debt issuances and are designated as cash flow hedges), and floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps (which are designated as cash flow hedges). As of 31 December 2025, the outstanding interest rate swaps were denominated in U.S. Dollars. The notional amount of the interest rate swap agreements is equal to or less than the designated debt being hedged. When interest rate swaps are used to hedge variable-rate debt, the indices of the swaps and the debt to which they are designated are the same. It is our policy not to enter into any interest rate management contracts which lever a move in interest rates on a greater than one-to-one basis.
Cross Currency Interest Rate Swap Contracts
We enter into cross currency interest rate swap contracts when our risk management function deems necessary. These contracts may entail both the exchange of fixed- and floating-rate interest payments periodically over the life of the agreement and the exchange of one currency for another currency at inception and at a specified future date. The contracts are used to hedge either certain net investments in foreign operations or non-functional currency cash flows related to intercompany loans. The current cross currency interest rate swap portfolio consists of fixed-to-fixed swaps primarily between the U.S. Dollar and each of the Chinese Renminbi, South Korean Won, and New Taiwan Dollar.
The table below summarizes our outstanding interest rate management contracts and cross currency interest rate swaps:
| 31 December 2025 | 30 September 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| US$ Notional | Average Pay % | Average Receive % | Years Average Maturity | US$ Notional | Average Pay % | Average Receive % | Years Average Maturity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps (fair value hedge) | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps (cash flow hedge)(A) | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps (not designated)(A) | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross currency interest rate swaps (net investment hedge) | $ | % | % | $ | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross currency interest rate swaps (cash flow hedge) | $ | % | % | $ | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross currency interest rate swaps (not designated) | $ | % | % | $ | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(A)We temporarily discontinued cash flow hedge accounting for certain floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps related to project financing for the NEOM Green Hydrogen Project beginning in the third quarter of fiscal year 2024 due to changes in the anticipated drawdown timeline for the hedged borrowings. As of 1 January 2026, all swaps have been re-designated as cash flow hedges. Refer to Note 3, Variable Interest Entities, for additional information.
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The table below provides the amounts recorded on the consolidated balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges:
| Carrying amounts of hedged item | Cumulative hedging adjustment, included in carrying amount | ||||||||||||||||
| 31 December | 30 September | 31 December | 30 September | ||||||||||||||
| Balance Sheet Location | 2025 | 2025 | 2025 | 2025 | |||||||||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt | $ | $ | $ | ($ | |||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | $ | $ | ($ | ($ | |||||||||||||
The table below summarizes the fair value and balance sheet location of our outstanding derivatives:
| Balance Sheet Location | 31 December | 30 September | Balance Sheet Location | 31 December | 30 September | |||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2025 | 2025 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward exchange contracts | Other receivables and current assets | $ | $ | Payables and accrued liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Interest rate management contracts | Other receivables and current assets | Payables and accrued liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||
| Forward exchange contracts | Other noncurrent assets | Other noncurrent liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate management contracts | Other noncurrent assets | Other noncurrent liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward exchange contracts | Other receivables and current assets | $ | $ | Payables and accrued liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Forward exchange contracts | Other noncurrent assets | Other noncurrent liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate management contracts | Other noncurrent assets | Other noncurrent liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Total Derivatives | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
Refer to Note 9, Fair Value Measurements, which defines fair value, describes the method for measuring fair value, and provides additional disclosures regarding fair value measurements.
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The tables below summarize gains (losses) recognized in other comprehensive income during the period related to our net investment and cash flow hedging relationships:
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| 31 December | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Net Investment Hedging Relationships | |||||||||||
| Forward exchange contracts | ($ | $ | |||||||||
| Foreign currency debt | ( | ||||||||||
Cross currency interest rate swaps(A) | ( | ||||||||||
| Total Amount Recognized in OCI | ( | ||||||||||
| Tax effects | ( | ||||||||||
| Net Amount Recognized in OCI | ($ | $ | |||||||||
(A)Excluded components for cross currency interest rate swaps are recognized in “Payables and accrued liabilities” and “Other receivables and current assets” as a component of accrued interest payable and accrued interest receivable, respectively. These excluded components are recorded in “Other non-operating income (expense), net” over the life of the cross currency interest rate swap consistent with forward exchange contracts.
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| 31 December | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships | |||||||||||
| Forward exchange contracts | ($ | ($ | |||||||||
| Forward exchange contracts, excluded components | ( | ( | |||||||||
Other(A) | |||||||||||
| Total Amount Recognized in OCI | |||||||||||
| Tax effects | ( | ||||||||||
| Net Amount Recognized in OCI | $ | $ | |||||||||
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The table below summarizes the location and amounts recognized in income related to our cash flow and fair value hedging relationships by contract type:
| Three Months Ended 31 December | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | Cost of Sales | Interest Expense | Other Non-Operating Income (Expense), Net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total presented in consolidated income statements that includes effects of hedging below | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ($ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Gain) Loss Effects of Cash Flow Hedging: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward Exchange Contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount reclassified from OCI into income | ($ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in earnings based on amortization approach | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount reclassified from OCI into income | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total (Gain) Loss Reclassified from OCI to Income | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax effects | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (Gain) Loss Reclassified from OCI to Income | ($ | $ | $ | $ | ($ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Gain) Loss Effects of Fair Value Hedging: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hedged items | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ($ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total (Gain) Loss Recognized in Income | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The tables below summarize the location and amounts recognized in income related to our derivatives not designated as hedging instruments by contract type:
| Three Months Ended 31 December | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Income (Expense), Net | Other Non-Operating Income (Expense), Net | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| The Effects of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward exchange contracts | $ | ($ | ($ | ($ | |||||||||||||||||||
| De-designated interest rate swaps | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total (Gain) Loss Recognized in Income | $ | ($ | ($ | ($ | |||||||||||||||||||
The amount of unrealized gains and losses related to cash flow hedges as of 31 December 2025 that are expected to be reclassified to earnings in the next twelve months is not material.
The cash flows related to derivative contracts are generally reported in the operating activities section of the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Credit Risk-Related Contingent Features
Certain derivative instruments are executed under agreements that require us to maintain a minimum credit rating with both Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s. If our credit rating falls below this threshold, the counterparty to the derivative instruments has the right to request full collateralization on the derivatives’ net liability position. The net liability position of derivatives with credit risk-related contingent features was $79.9 and $43.3 as of 31 December 2025 and 30 September 2025, respectively. Because our current credit rating is above the various pre-established thresholds, no collateral has been posted on these liability positions.
Counterparty Credit Risk Management
We execute financial derivative transactions with counterparties that are highly rated financial institutions, all of which are investment grade at this time. Some of our underlying derivative agreements give us the right to require the institution to post collateral if its credit rating falls below the pre-established thresholds with Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s, or Fitch. The collateral that the counterparties would be required to post was $225.8 and $174.0 as of 31 December 2025 and 30 September 2025, respectively. No financial institution is required to post collateral at this time, as all have credit ratings at or above threshold.
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9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value is defined as an exit price, or the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels as follows:
Level 1 — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 — Inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3 — Inputs that are unobservable for the asset or liability based on our own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
The methods and assumptions used to measure the fair value of financial instruments are as follows:
Derivatives
The fair value of our interest rate management contracts and forward exchange contracts are quantified using the income approach and are based on estimates using standard pricing models. These models consider the value of future cash flows as of the balance sheet date, discounted to a present value using discount factors that match both the time to maturity and currency of the underlying instruments. These standard pricing models utilize inputs that are derived from or corroborated by observable market data such as interest rate yield curves as well as currency spot and forward rates; therefore, the fair value of our derivatives is classified as a Level 2 measurement. On an ongoing basis, we randomly test a subset of our valuations against valuations received from the transaction’s counterparty to validate the accuracy of our standard pricing models. Counterparties to these derivative contracts are highly rated financial institutions.
Refer to Note 8, Financial Instruments, for a description of derivative instruments, including details related to the balance sheet line classifications.
Long-term Debt, Including Related Party
The fair value of our debt is based on estimates using standard pricing models that consider the value of future cash flows as of the balance sheet date, discounted to a present value using discount factors that match both the time to maturity and currency of the underlying instruments. These standard valuation models utilize observable market data such as interest rate yield curves and currency spot rates; therefore, the fair value of our debt is classified as a Level 2 measurement.
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The carrying values and fair values of financial instruments were as follows:
| 31 December 2025 | 30 September 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying Value | Fair Value | Carrying Value | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward exchange contracts | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate management contracts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward exchange contracts | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate management contracts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt, including current portion and related party | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The table below summarizes assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
| 31 December 2025 | 30 September 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets at Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward exchange contracts | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate management contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Assets at Fair Value | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities at Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward exchange contracts | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate management contracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Liabilities at Fair Value | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements – Project Exit Activities
We estimate the value of certain long-lived assets associated with exited projects using Level 3 inputs under the fair value hierarchy due to the absence of observable market prices and significant reliance on management judgment and estimation techniques. These assets are described below. For additional information regarding project exit activities, refer to Note 4, Business and Asset Actions.
Long-lived assets that met the held-for-sale criteria and are actively being marketed for sale.
Because there were no observable market prices available, fair value, including costs to sell, for long-lived assets that met the held-for-sale criteria was estimated using an internally developed discounted cash flow analysis, which resulted in an impairment charge of $350.6 in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2025. There were no material changes to valuation assumptions during the first quarter of fiscal year 2026. We continue to expect the sales of these assets to be completed in fiscal year 2026. Any gain or loss from the sales will be recognized upon closing based on the carrying amounts classified as held for sale. Interim adjustments may be recorded prior to closing if market participant assumptions or other valuation inputs change, including updates to expected selling price or transaction timing.
Plant and equipment that did not meet the held‑for‑sale criteria but are capable of being sold through secondary equipment markets.
These assets were evaluated for recoverability in fiscal year 2025, and the resulting impairment loss of approximately $2.1 billion was recorded primarily during the second quarter using an orderly liquidation valuation approach. The impairment charge reflects the difference between the estimated liquidation value and the net book value of the assets as of 31 March 2025. There were no material changes in the estimated net realizable value for any remaining assets not disposed as of 31 December 2025.
The table below presents the nonrecurring fair value measurements of these long-lived assets, categorized within the fair value hierarchy:
| Balance Sheet Location | Total Estimated Value | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | ||||||||||
| Assets held for sale | $ | $— | $— | $ | ||||||||||
| Plant and equipment, net | — | — | ||||||||||||
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10. RETIREMENT BENEFITS
The components of net periodic cost for our defined benefit pension plans for the three months ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 were as follows:
| Pension Benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended 31 December | U.S. | International | Total | U.S. | International | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Service cost | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-service cost: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected return on plan assets | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Prior service cost amortization | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial loss amortization | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Periodic Cost | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
For the three months ended 31 December 2025 and 2024, our cash contributions to funded pension plans and benefit payments under unfunded pension plans were $5.1 and $8.2 , respectively. Total contributions for fiscal year 2026 are expected to be approximately $25 to $35 . During fiscal year 2025, total contributions were $29.9 .
11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation
We are involved in various legal proceedings, including commercial, competition, environmental, intellectual property, regulatory, product liability, and insurance matters. We do not currently believe there are any legal proceedings for which it is reasonably possible, individually or in the aggregate, to have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Environmental
In the normal course of business, we are involved in legal proceedings under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act ("CERCLA," the federal Superfund law), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ("RCRA"), and similar state and foreign environmental laws relating to the designation of certain sites for investigation or remediation. Presently, there are 26 sites on which a final settlement or remediation has not been achieved where we, usually along with others, have been designated as a potentially responsible party by environmental authorities or are otherwise engaged in investigation or remediation, including cleanup activity at certain of our former and current manufacturing sites. We continually monitor these sites for which we have environmental exposure.
Accruals for environmental loss contingencies are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. As of 31 December 2025 and 30 September 2025, the consolidated balance sheets included accruals of $85.1 and $85.6 , respectively, primarily as part of other noncurrent liabilities. These environmental liabilities will be paid over a period of up to 30 years. We estimate the exposure for environmental loss contingencies to range from $85 to a reasonably possible upper exposure of $98 as of 31 December 2025.
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Actual costs to be incurred at identified sites in future periods may vary from the estimates, given inherent uncertainties in evaluating environmental exposures. Using reasonably possible alternative assumptions of the exposure level could result in an increase to the environmental accrual. Due to these inherent uncertainties, a significant increase to the reasonably possible upper exposure level could occur if a new site is designated, the scope of remediation is increased, a different remediation alternative is identified, or a significant increase in our proportionate share occurs. We do not expect that any sum we may have to pay in connection with environmental matters in excess of the amounts recorded or disclosed above would have a material adverse impact on our financial position or results of operations in any one year.
Pace
As of 31 December 2025, $53.4 of the environmental accrual was related to our facility in Pace, Florida.
In 2006, we sold our Amines business, which included operations at the Pace facility and recognized a liability for retained environmental obligations associated with remediation activities at the facility. We are required by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection ("FDEP") and the United States Environmental Protection Agency ("USEPA") to continue our remediation efforts. We recognized a before-tax expense of $42 in fiscal year 2006 in results from discontinued operations and recorded an environmental accrual of $42 in continuing operations on the consolidated balance sheets.
In the first quarter of 2015, we entered into a consent order with the FDEP requiring us to continue our remediation efforts at the Pace facility and complete a cost review every five years . In fiscal year 2020, we completed an updated cost review of the environmental remediation status at the Pace facility and increased our environmental accrual for this site by $19 in continuing operations on the consolidated balance sheet and recognized a before-tax expense of $19 in results from discontinued operations. In fiscal year 2024, we completed our most recent cost review of the environmental remediation status at the Pace facility. Based on our review, we expect ongoing activities to continue for 30 years. Additionally, we increased our estimate of near-term spending for an optimized groundwater recovery system and future annual costs due to higher inflation. As a result of these changes, we increased our environmental accrual for this site by $19 in continuing operations on the consolidated balance sheets and recognized a before-tax expense of $19 in results from discontinued operations in fiscal year 2024. There have been no significant changes to the estimated exposure.
We have implemented many of the remedial corrective measures at the Pace facility required under the 1995 consent orders issued by the FDEP and the USEPA. Contaminated soils have been bioremediated, and the treated soils have been secured in a lined on-site corrective action management unit. Several groundwater recovery systems have been installed to contain and remove contamination from groundwater. We completed an extensive assessment of the site to determine the efficacy of existing measures, what additional corrective measures may be needed, and whether newer remediation technologies that were not available in the 1990s might be better suited for groundwater remediation. Based on assessment results, we completed a focused feasibility study that identified alternative approaches that may more effectively remove contaminants. We continue to review alternative remedial approaches with the FDEP, and we completed additional field work during 2021 to support the design of an improved groundwater recovery network. This network targets areas of higher contaminant concentration and avoids areas of high groundwater iron which has proven to be a significant operability issue for the project. The design of the optimized recovery system was completed in fiscal year 2024, with construction expected to begin in fiscal year 2026. In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2024, we completed an updated cost review which resulted in a change in assumptions regarding future operating costs as discussed above.
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Piedmont
As of 31 December 2025, $10.0 of the environmental accrual was related to a production facility site in Piedmont, South Carolina.
On 30 June 2008, we sold our Elkton, Maryland, and Piedmont, South Carolina, production facilities and the related North American atmospheric emulsions and global pressure sensitive adhesives businesses. In connection with the sale, we recognized a liability for retained environmental obligations associated with remediation activities at the Piedmont site. This site is under active remediation for contamination caused by an insolvent prior owner.
We are required by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control ("SCDHEC") to address both contaminated soil and groundwater. Numerous areas of soil contamination have been addressed, and contaminated groundwater is being recovered and treated. The SCDHEC issued its final approval to the site-wide feasibility study on 13 June 2017 and the Record of Decision for the site on 27 June 2018, after which we signed a Consent Agreement Amendment memorializing our obligations to complete the cleanup of the site.
Remediation has started in accordance with the design, which includes in-situ chemical oxidation treatment, as well as soil vapor extraction to remove volatile organic compounds from the unsaturated soils beneath the impacted areas of the plant. We estimate that source area remediation and groundwater recovery and treatment will continue through 2033. Thereafter, we currently expect this site to go into a state of monitored natural attenuation through 2038. We recognized a before-tax expense of $24 in 2008 as a component of income from discontinued operations and recorded an environmental liability of $24 in continuing operations on the consolidated balance sheets.
In the third quarter of fiscal year 2025, we completed an updated cost review of the environmental remediation status at Piedmont. Based on our review, we increased our estimate of remaining costs due to the extended period of time that will be required to complete the remediation along with higher annual costs due to inflation. As a result of these changes, we increased the environmental accrual for this site by $9 in continuing operations on the consolidated balance sheets and recognized a before-tax expense of $9 in results from discontinued operations.
Pasadena
As of 31 December 2025, $9.7 of the environmental accrual was related to a production facility site in Pasadena, Texas.
During fiscal year 2012, management committed to permanently shutting down our polyurethane intermediates ("PUI") production facility in Pasadena, Texas. In shutting down and dismantling the facility, we have undertaken certain obligations related to soil and groundwater contaminants. We have been pumping and treating groundwater to control off-site contaminant migration in compliance with regulatory requirements and under the approval of the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality ("TCEQ"). We estimate that the pump and treat system will continue to operate until 2042.
We continue to perform additional work to address other environmental obligations at the site. This additional work includes remediating impacted soils as required, investigating groundwater west of the former PUI facility, cleaning production wells, continuing post closure care for two closed RCRA surface impoundment units, and maintaining engineering controls. Additionally, we have conducted an interim corrective action to treat impacted soils as recommended in the TCEQ 2019 Annual Report. We are currently in the process of renewing the site's RCRA permit. In 2012, we estimated the total exposure at this site to be $13 . There have been no significant changes to the estimated exposure.
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12. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Our share-based compensation program includes performance and time-based deferred stock units. We issue shares from treasury stock upon the payout of deferred stock units. As of 31 December 2025, there were 0.6 million shares available for future grant under our Long-Term Incentive Plan ("LTIP"), which is shareholder approved.
Share-based compensation cost recognized on the consolidated income statements is summarized below:
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||
| 31 December | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Before-tax share-based compensation cost | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| After-tax share-based compensation cost | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
Before-tax share-based compensation cost is primarily included in "Selling and administrative expense" on our consolidated income statements. The amount of share-based compensation cost capitalized in the first three months of fiscal years 2026 and 2025 was not material.
Deferred Stock Units
During the three months ended 31 December 2025, we granted 100,048 performance shares to be earned over the performance period beginning 1 October 2025 and ending 30 September 2028.
The award conditions are equally weighted between market-based awards, which consider total shareholder return ("TSR") measured against a fixed group of companies that comprise the S&P 500 Industrials Index and the S&P Materials Index and awards that consider an internal performance measure for return on capital.
The fair value of the portion of the awards subject to the achievement of return on capital targets were valued based on the closing stock price of $260.86 on the grant date. The portion of the awards subject to market conditions were valued using a Monte Carlo simulation on the date of grant with an estimated grant-date fair value of $275.21 per unit. The model utilizes multiple input variables that determine the probability of satisfying the market condition stipulated in the grant and calculates the fair value of the awards.
The calculation of the fair value of market-based deferred stock units used the following assumptions:
| Expected volatility | % | |||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | |||||||
| Expected dividend yield | % | |||||||
In addition, during the three months ended 31 December 2025, we granted 121,005 time-based deferred stock units at a weighted average grant-date fair value of $260.80 .
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13. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
The table below summarizes changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL"), net of tax, attributable to Air Products for the three months ended 31 December 2025:
| Derivatives qualifying as hedges | Foreign currency translation adjustments | Pension and postretirement benefits | Total | |||||||||||
| Balance at 30 September 2025 | $ | ($ | ($ | ($ | ||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | ||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from AOCL | ||||||||||||||
| Net current period other comprehensive income | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Amount attributable to noncontrolling interests | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Balance at 31 December 2025 | $ | ($ | ($ | ($ | ||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||
| 31 December | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Loss on Cash Flow Hedges, net of tax | ||||||||
| Sales | ($ | $ | ||||||
| Cost of sales | ||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | |||||||
| Other non-operating income (expense), net | ||||||||
Total Loss on Cash Flow Hedges, net of tax | $ | $ | ||||||
Pension and Postretirement Benefits, net of tax(A) | $ | $ | ||||||
(A)The components of net periodic benefit/cost reclassified out of AOCL include items such as prior service cost amortization, actuarial loss amortization, settlements, and curtailments and are included in “Other non-operating income (expense), net” on the consolidated income statements. Refer to Note 10, Retirement Benefits, for additional information.
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14. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The table below details the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||
| 31 December | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Numerator | ||||||||
| Net income attributable to Air Products | $ | $ | ||||||
Denominator (in millions) | ||||||||
| Weighted average common shares — Basic | ||||||||
| Effect of dilutive securities: | ||||||||
| Employee award plans | ||||||||
| Weighted average common shares — Diluted | ||||||||
Per Share Data (U.S. Dollars per share) | ||||||||
| Basic earnings per share attributable to Air Products | $ | $ | ||||||
| Diluted earnings per share attributable to Air Products | $ | $ | ||||||
The table below summarizes antidilutive outstanding share-based awards that were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share:
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||
| 31 December | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Antidilutive outstanding share-based awards | ||||||||
15. SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
Related Party Transactions
We have related party sales to some of our equity affiliates and joint venture partners as well as other income primarily from fees charged for use of Air Products' patents and technology. Sales to and other income from related parties totaled approximately $85 and $80 for the three months ended 31 December 2025 and 2024, respectively. Sales agreements with related parties include terms that are consistent with those that we believe would have been negotiated at an arm’s length with an independent party. As of 31 December 2025 and 30 September 2025, our consolidated balance sheets included related party trade receivables of approximately $160 and $105 , respectively.
As of 31 December 2025, total debt owed to related parties was $240.7 , consisting of shareholder loans with our joint venture partner, Lu’An Clean Energy Company. As of 30 September 2025, total debt owed to related parties was $236.5 . These amounts included $60.0 and $59.0 , respectively, presented within "Current portion of long-term debt" on the consolidated balance sheets.
Prior Year Shareholder Activism-Related Costs
During the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, we recorded shareholder activism-related costs of $29.9 ($21.9 after tax) in connection with a proxy contest. These costs included legal and other professional service fees and proxy solicitation expenses.
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Income Taxes
Effective Tax Rate
Our effective tax rate was 18.7 % and 17.8 % for the three months ended 31 December 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Cash Paid for Taxes, Net of Refunds
Income tax payments, net of refunds, were $109.1 and $123.6 for the three months ended 31 December 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Debt Repayment
During the first quarter of fiscal year 2026, we repaid at maturity $550.0 aggregate principal amount of our 1.50 % senior notes due October 2025, plus accumulated and unpaid interest through the maturity date.
Changes in Estimates
Changes in estimates on sale of equipment projects accounted for under the cost incurred input method are recognized as a cumulative adjustment for the inception-to-date effect of such change. Changes to project revenue and cost estimates unfavorably impacted operating results by approximately $33 and $28 for the first three months of fiscal years 2026 and 2025, respectively.
16. BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
We determine our reportable segments based on the manner in which our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") reviews financial results and allocates resources. The accounting policies applied to our reportable segments are consistent with those used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Our reportable segments are as follows:
•Americas;
•Asia;
•Europe;
•Middle East and India; and
•Corporate and other.
The Americas, Asia, Europe, and Middle East and India segments represent the operations of our regional industrial gases business. Each of these segments qualifies as an individual operating segment and does not reflect the aggregation of multiple operating segments. Corporate and other consists of two operating segments that meet the aggregation criteria under GAAP. All segments also include our share of results from several equity method joint ventures.
Our CODM, who is our Chief Executive Officer, evaluates the performance of our reportable segments through segment operating income. This measure is reviewed regularly in internal management reports and serves as a key metric to monitor actual results against forecasts and prior periods. Segment operating income informs decisions related to resource allocation, including capital investments and employees, and supports strategic planning and long-term project development.
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Summary by Business Segment
| Americas | Asia | Europe | Middle East and India | Corporate and other | Total | |||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended 31 December 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sales(A) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Selling and administrative expense | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
Other segment items(B) | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss)(C) | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other segment information: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||||||||||||||
Equity affiliates' income (loss) | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expenditures for long-lived assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended 31 December 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sales(A) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Selling and administrative expense | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
Other segment items(B) | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss)(C) | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other segment information: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity affiliates' income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenditures for long-lived assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
As of 31 December 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Investment in net assets of and advances to equity affiliates | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Total assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
As of 30 September 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Investment in net assets of and advances to equity affiliates | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Total assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
(A)Sales relate to external customers only. All intersegment sales are eliminated in consolidation.
(B)For the regional segments, other segment items primarily include impacts from transactions not directly related to our principal earnings activities, such as technology and royalty income and gains and losses on asset sales. For the Corporate and other segment, other segment items primarily include research and development expense and the net impact of gains and losses on foreign currency transactions.
(C)Operating income (loss) for our reportable segments does not include gains or losses that management does not consider to be indicative of underlying business performance, such as charges related to business and asset actions. Refer below for a reconciliation of total segment operating income to consolidated results.
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Reconciliation of Total Segment Operating Income to Consolidated Results
The table below reconciles total segment operating income to income before taxes as reflected on our consolidated income statements:
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| 31 December | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
Total Segment Operating Income | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Business and asset actions | ( | ||||||||||
| Shareholder activism-related costs | ( | ||||||||||
| Consolidated Operating Income | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Equity affiliates' income | |||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||
| Other non-operating income (expense), net | ( | ||||||||||
| Income Before Taxes | $ | $ | |||||||||
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
First Quarter 2026 in Summary | 39 | ||||
First Quarter 2026 Results of Operations | 41 | ||||
Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures | 48 | ||||
Liquidity and Capital Resources | 52 | ||||
Pension Benefits | 56 | ||||
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates | 57 | ||||
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis contains “forward-looking statements” within the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding business outlook. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s expectations and assumptions as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are not guarantees of future performance. Actual performance and financial results may differ materially from projections and estimates expressed in the forward-looking statements because of many factors not anticipated by management. These factors include, without limitation, those described in "Forward-Looking Statements" and Item 1A, Risk Factors, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended 30 September 2025 (the "2025 Form 10-K"), which was filed with the SEC on 20 November 2025, as well as in "Forward-Looking Statements" and Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
This discussion should be read together with the accompanying interim consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Financial information is presented on a continuing operations basis. Unless otherwise stated, amounts are stated in millions of U.S. Dollars, except for per share data, which is calculated and presented on a diluted basis in U.S. Dollars per weighted-average common share.
The financial measures discussed below are presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), except as noted. We discuss certain financial measures on an "adjusted", or "non-GAAP", basis, which exclude gains or losses that management does not consider to be representative of our underlying business operations. These adjustments, which are described below for the periods presented, are not reflected in the results of our reportable segments. When viewed together with our GAAP results, we believe these non-GAAP financial measures offer a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting our financial performance and support analysis of our results on a more consistent basis. For each non-GAAP financial measure, including adjusted operating income, adjusted operating margin, adjusted earnings per share, the adjusted effective tax rate, and capital expenditures, we present a reconciliation to the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. These reconciliations and further explanations of our use of non-GAAP financial measures are presented under the “Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section beginning on page 48.
Comparisons included in the discussion that follows are for the first quarter of fiscal year 2026 versus ("vs.") the first quarter of fiscal year 2025. The disclosures provided in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are complementary to those made in our 2025 Form 10-K.
We manage our operations, assess performance, and report earnings under five reportable segments: Americas, Asia, Europe, Middle East and India, and Corporate and other. Refer to Note 16, Business Segment Information, to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
For information concerning activity with our related parties, refer to Note 15, Supplemental Information, to the consolidated financial statements.
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FIRST QUARTER 2026 VS. FIRST QUARTER 2025
FIRST QUARTER 2026 IN SUMMARY
•Sales of $3.1 billion increased 6%, or $171.0, due to higher energy cost pass-through to customers of 3%, a favorable impact from currency of 2%, and higher pricing of 1%. Volumes were flat on a percentage basis as higher on-sites were offset by lower helium demand and a significant prior year, non-recurring helium sale to an existing merchant customer in the Americas segment.
•Operating income of $734.5 increased 14%, or $90.9, primarily due to favorable business mix, lower costs, and higher non‑helium merchant pricing. Operating margin of 23.7% increased 170 basis points ("bp") from 22.0% in the prior year. On a non-GAAP basis, adjusted operating income of $756.5 increased 12%, or $83.0, and adjusted operating margin of 24.4% increased 140 bp compared to 23.0% in the prior year. These non-GAAP results exclude charges recorded in fiscal year 2026 to update cost estimates related to prior-year business and asset actions as well as prior-year shareholder activism-related costs as discussed below.
•Earnings per share ("EPS") of $3.04 increased 10%, or $0.27 per share. A summary table of changes in EPS is presented on page 40. On a non-GAAP basis, adjusted EPS of $3.16 increased 10%, or $0.30 per share, and also excludes non‑operating adjustments for a prior‑year gain on certain de‑designated hedging instruments and non‑service pension cost as discussed below.
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Summary of Changes in EPS
The per share impacts for the items presented in the table below were calculated independently and may not sum to the total change in EPS due to rounding.
| Three Months Ended | Change vs. Prior Year | ||||||||||
| 31 December | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| EPS | $3.04 | $2.77 | $0.27 | ||||||||
| % Change from prior year | 10 | % | |||||||||
| Operating Items | |||||||||||
| Underlying business: | |||||||||||
| Volume | 0.10 | ||||||||||
| Price, net of variable costs | 0.08 | ||||||||||
| Other costs | 0.08 | ||||||||||
| Currency | 0.04 | ||||||||||
Business and asset actions(A) | (0.09) | ||||||||||
| Shareholder activism-related costs | 0.10 | ||||||||||
| Total Operating Items | $0.31 | ||||||||||
| Other Items | |||||||||||
| Equity affiliates' income | 0.08 | ||||||||||
| Interest expense | (0.05) | ||||||||||
| Other non-operating income/expense, net: | |||||||||||
Gain on de-designation of cash flow hedges(B) | (0.05) | ||||||||||
Non-operating expense associated with business and asset actions(A) | (0.02) | ||||||||||
| Non-service pension cost, net | 0.03 | ||||||||||
| Other non-operating | (0.01) | ||||||||||
| Change in effective tax rate | 0.01 | ||||||||||
Noncontrolling interests(B) | (0.03) | ||||||||||
| Total Other Items | ($0.04) | ||||||||||
| Total Change | $0.27 | ||||||||||
| % Change from prior year | 10 | % | |||||||||
(A)EPS impacts associated with charges for business and asset actions were calculated based on a total after-tax charge of $24.6 ($0.11 per share).
(B)EPS impact reflected within "Gain on de-designation of cash flow hedges" was calculated based on an after-tax gain attributable to Air Products of $10.3. The gain attributable to our noncontrolling partners was $25.2.
The table below summarizes the per share impact of our non-GAAP adjustments for the first quarter of fiscal years 2026 and 2025. These impacts were calculated independently and may not sum to totals due to rounding.
| Three Months Ended | Change vs. Prior Year | |||||||||||||
| 31 December | ||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| EPS | $3.04 | $2.77 | $0.27 | |||||||||||
| Business and asset actions | 0.11 | — | 0.11 | |||||||||||
| Shareholder activism-related costs | — | 0.10 | (0.10) | |||||||||||
| Gain on de-designation of cash flow hedges | — | (0.05) | 0.05 | |||||||||||
| Non-service pension cost, net | 0.01 | 0.04 | (0.03) | |||||||||||
| Adjusted EPS | $3.16 | $2.86 | $0.30 | |||||||||||
| % Change from prior year | 10% | |||||||||||||
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FIRST QUARTER 2026 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Discussion of First Quarter Consolidated Results
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31 December | Change vs. Prior Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
GAAP Financial Measures | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $3,102.5 | $2,931.5 | $171.0 | 6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | 734.5 | 643.6 | 90.9 | 14 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 23.7 | % | 22.0 | % | 170 | bp | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity affiliates’ income | $172.2 | $150.6 | $21.6 | 14 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Non-GAAP Financial Measures | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted operating income | $756.5 | $673.5 | $83.0 | 12 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted operating margin | 24.4 | % | 23.0 | % | 140 bp | |||||||||||||||||||||
Sales
The table below summarizes the major factors that impacted consolidated sales for the periods presented:
| Volume | — | % | |||
| Price | 1 | % | |||
| Energy cost pass-through to customers | 3 | % | |||
| Currency | 2 | % | |||
| Total Consolidated Sales Change | 6 | % | |||
Sales of $3.1 billion increased 6%, or $171.0, due to higher energy cost pass-through to customers of 3%, a favorable impact from currency of 2%, and higher pricing of 1%. The increase in energy cost pass-through to customers primarily reflects higher natural gas prices in North America, which are contractually recoverable under our on-site agreements. Currency was favorable as the U.S. Dollar weakened, most notably against the Euro. The 1% total company price improvement, which equates to a 2% improvement for the merchant business, was driven by non-helium pricing actions in the Americas and Europe segments. Volumes were flat as higher on-sites were offset by lower helium demand and a significant, non-recurring helium sale to an existing merchant customer in the Americas segment in the prior year.
Cost of Sales and Gross Margin
Cost of sales of $2.1 billion increased 5%, or $91.0, primarily due to higher energy cost pass-through to customers of $79 and an unfavorable currency impact of $47. These increases were partially offset by $22 of lower costs related to sales volumes and $10 driven by productivity improvements and lower maintenance, which more than offset fixed-cost inflation. Gross margin of 32.1% increased 90 bp from 31.2% in the prior year as the benefits from favorable business mix and higher pricing were partially offset by higher energy cost pass-through to customers.
Selling and Administrative Expense
Selling and administrative expense of $228.7 decreased 6%, or $13.7, as productivity improvements were partially offset by labor inflation. Selling and administrative expense as a percentage of sales decreased to 7.4% from 8.3% in the prior year.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development expense of $20.4 decreased 7%, or $1.6. Research and development expense as a percentage of sales decreased to 0.7% from 0.8% in the prior year.
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Business and Asset Actions
During the first quarter of fiscal year 2026, we recorded charges of $28.3 ($24.6 after tax, or $0.11 per share) related to updated estimates for prior year project exits as described in Note 4, Business and Asset Actions, to the consolidated financial statements. These charges are not reflected in the results of our reportable segments.
Of the first quarter charge, $22.0 was recorded to operating income and related to the settlement of project‑related commitments and sale of associated assets. The remaining $6.3 was recorded to "Other non‑operating income (expense), net" and reflects losses on cross‑currency interest rate swaps terminated in connection with the early repayment of related intercompany loans for one of the affected gasification projects.
Our estimates reflect our best judgment based on information available as of 31 December 2025. Final settlement of these items may differ materially from current estimates, which could impact our consolidated financial statements in future periods.
Prior Year Shareholder Activism-Related Costs
During the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, we recorded shareholder activism-related costs of $29.9 ($21.9 after tax, or $0.10 per share) in connection with a proxy contest. These costs, which were not reflected in the results of our reportable segments, included legal and other professional service fees and proxy solicitation expenses.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income of $10.6 decreased 54%, or $12.3, primarily due to the prior year sale of a U.S. equity method investment.
Operating Income and Operating Margin
Operating income of $734.5 increased 14%, or $90.9, due to favorable business mix of $26, lower costs of $23, higher pricing, net of power and fuel costs, of $22 driven by non-helium merchant, and favorable currency of $12. The lower costs include productivity improvements and lower maintenance, partially offset by fixed-cost inflation and the prior year sale of a U.S. equity method investment. A charge of $22 recorded in fiscal year 2026 to update cost estimates related to prior-year business and asset actions was more than offset by prior-year shareholder activism-related costs of $30. Operating margin of 23.7% increased 170 bp compared to 22.0% in the prior year, despite an approximate 50-basis-point headwind from higher energy cost pass-through to customers driven by the Americas segment.
On a non-GAAP basis, which excludes the charge for business and asset actions and prior year shareholder activism-related costs discussed above, adjusted operating income of $756.5 increased 12%, or $83.0, and adjusted operating margin of 24.4% increased 140 bp compared to 23.0% in the prior year.
Equity Affiliates' Income
Equity affiliates' income of $172.2 increased 14%, or $21.6, driven by affiliates in the Americas and Europe segments.
Interest Expense
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||
| 31 December | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Interest incurred | $168.0 | $139.9 | ||||||
| Less: Capitalized interest | 113.5 | 97.3 | ||||||
| Interest expense | $54.5 | $42.6 | ||||||
Interest expense increased 28%, or $11.9, driven by higher interest incurred on principal borrowings from Euro- and U.S. Dollar-denominated senior fixed-rate notes issued in fiscal year 2025. Higher interest incurred was partially offset by a higher carrying value of ongoing projects under construction.
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Other Non-Operating Income (Expense), Net
Other non-operating expense of $1.4 decreased $40.3 compared to income of $38.9 in the prior year, which included a $38.8 gain ($10.3 attributable to Air Products after tax, or $0.05 per share) on certain interest rate swaps held by the NEOM Green Hydrogen Company joint venture. The majority of these swaps were re‑designated as cash flow hedges by the end of fiscal year 2025, and the impact of any swaps that remained de‑designated in the first quarter of fiscal year 2026 was not material. Refer to Note 3, Variable Interest Entities, and Note 8, Financial Instruments, to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Lower interest income on short-term investments and a loss on cross‑currency interest rate swaps terminated in connection with business and asset actions were partially offset by lower non-service pension costs, which decreased to $3.4 ($2.5 after tax, or $0.01 per share) for the first quarter of fiscal year 2026 compared to $10.5 ($7.9 after tax, or $0.04 per share) in the prior year.
Effective Tax Rate
The effective tax rate equals the income tax provision divided by income before taxes. Equity affiliates' income is primarily included net of income taxes within income before taxes on our consolidated income statements.
Our effective tax rate was 18.7% and 17.8% for the three months ended 31 December 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our effective rate was higher in fiscal year 2026 primarily due to higher net costs on foreign-related income taxed in the U.S. and lower U.S. tax benefits for foreign-derived income, which were impacted by tax deductions for prior year business and asset actions. Also contributing to the higher current year rate were prior-year non-recurring gains on the de-designation of cash flow hedges in jurisdictions with lower tax rates. These increases were partially offset by the release of certain unrecognized tax benefits resulting from tax settlements in the current year.
Our adjusted effective tax rate, which excludes the impact of adjustments presented in the "Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section beginning on page 48, was 18.5% and 18.7% for the three months ended 31 December 2025 and 2024, respectively.
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Discussion of First Quarter Results by Business Segment
Americas
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31 December | Change vs. Prior Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | $ | %/bp | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $1,341.7 | $1,287.6 | $54.1 | 4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | 403.8 | 388.2 | 15.6 | 4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 30.1 | % | 30.1 | % | — | bp | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity affiliates’ income | $51.7 | $35.1 | $16.6 | 47 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
The table below summarizes the major factors that impacted sales in the Americas segment for the periods presented:
| Volume | (4 | %) | |||
| Price | 2 | % | |||
| Energy cost pass-through to customers | 6 | % | |||
| Currency | — | % | |||
Total Americas Sales Change | 4 | % | |||
Sales of $1.3 billion increased 4%, or $54.1, as higher energy cost pass-through to customers of 6% and favorable pricing of 2% were partially offset by lower volumes of 4%. The higher energy cost pass-through reflects increased natural gas rates in the U.S. Gulf Coast and California. Pricing improved for non-helium products. The 2% total segment price increase equates to a 4% improvement in our merchant business. Volumes were unfavorable primarily due to a significant, non-recurring helium sale to an existing merchant customer in the prior year. Currency was flat compared to the prior year.
Operating income of $403.8 increased 4%, or $15.6, as higher pricing of $16 and favorable business mix of $3 were partially offset by higher costs of $4. Costs were modestly unfavorable as prior‑year income from the sale of an equity method investment and fixed-cost inflation more than offset lower maintenance. Operating margin of 30.1% was flat compared to prior year, as the benefits from favorable business mix and pricing were offset by a headwind of approximately 150 basis points from higher energy cost pass‑through to customers.
Equity affiliates’ income of $51.7 increased 47%, or $16.6, driven by an affiliate in Mexico.
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Asia
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31 December | Change vs. Prior Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | $ | %/bp | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $831.5 | $817.1 | $14.4 | 2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | 232.3 | 216.4 | 15.9 | 7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 27.9 | % | 26.5 | % | 140 | bp | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity affiliates’ income | $13.8 | $10.3 | $3.5 | 34 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
The table below summarizes the major factors that impacted sales in the Asia segment for the periods presented:
| Volume | — | % | |||
| Price | (1 | %) | |||
| Energy cost pass-through to customers | 2 | % | |||
| Currency | 1 | % | |||
Total Asia Sales Change | 2 | % | |||
Sales of $831.5 increased 2%, or $14.4, as higher energy cost pass-through to customers of 2% and a favorable currency impact of 1% were partially offset by lower pricing of 1% primarily driven by helium. The 1% total segment price decrease equates to a 4% decline in our merchant business. Volumes were flat as new on-site assets were offset by lower demand for helium.
Operating income of $232.3 increased 7%, or $15.9, due to lower costs of $15 driven by productivity, favorable business mix of $7, and favorable currency of $4, partially offset by lower pricing of $10. Depreciation was reduced in fiscal year 2026 due to certain coal gasification assets being classified as held for sale. Operating margin of 27.9% increased 140 bp from 26.5% in the prior year.
Equity affiliates’ income of $13.8 increased 34%, or $3.5, driven by affiliates in China.
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Europe
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31 December | Change vs. Prior Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | $ | %/bp | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $782.0 | $697.2 | $84.8 | 12 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | 223.5 | 186.5 | 37.0 | 20 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 28.6 | % | 26.7 | % | 190 | bp | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity affiliates’ income | $23.4 | $18.2 | $5.2 | 29 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
The table below summarizes the major factors that impacted sales in the Europe segment for the periods presented:
| Volume | 5 | % | |||
| Price | 1 | % | |||
| Energy cost pass-through to customers | (2 | %) | |||
| Currency | 8 | % | |||
Total Europe Sales Change | 12 | % | |||
Sales of $782.0 increased 12%, or $84.8, due to favorable currency of 8%, higher volumes of 5%, and higher pricing of 1%, partially offset by lower energy cost pass-through to customers of 2%, primarily due to lower natural gas rates. Favorable currency primarily reflected the weakening of the U.S. Dollar against the Euro. The higher volumes were driven by on-sites, including the impact of a prior-year turnaround, and non-helium merchant. Pricing improved for non-helium products. The 1% total segment price increase equates to a 2% improvement in our merchant business.
Operating income of $223.5 increased 20%, or $37.0, due to higher volumes of $21, higher pricing of $16, and favorable currency of $11, partially offset by higher costs of $11. The increase in costs was primarily due to higher depreciation and fixed-cost inflation, partially offset by productivity-driven improvements. Operating margin of 28.6% increased 190 bp from 26.7% in the prior year, as the benefits from higher volumes and pricing were partially offset by higher costs.
Equity affiliates’ income of $23.4 increased 29%, or $5.2, driven by an affiliate in Italy.
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Middle East and India
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31 December | Change vs. Prior Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $30.3 | $32.8 | ($2.5) | (8 | %) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | 5.8 | (0.6) | 6.4 | ** | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity affiliates' income | 84.5 | 85.0 | (0.5) | (1 | %) | |||||||||||||||||||||
** Percentage change versus prior period is not meaningful.
Sales of $30.3 decreased 8%, or $2.5, due to lower volumes. Operating income was $5.8 compared to a loss of $0.6 in the prior year, primarily due to lower costs following the deconsolidation of Blue Hydrogen Industrial Gases Company ("BHIG") in the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 as well as productivity improvements.
Equity affiliates' income of $84.5 decreased 1%, or $0.5.
Corporate and other
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31 December | Change vs. Prior Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $117.0 | $96.8 | $20.2 | 21 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating loss | (108.9) | (117.0) | 8.1 | 7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity affiliates' income (loss) | (1.2) | 2.0 | (3.2) | ** | ||||||||||||||||||||||
** Percentage change versus prior period is not meaningful.
Sales of $117.0 increased 21%, or $20.2. Operating loss of $108.9 decreased 7%, or $8.1, primarily due to productivity-driven cost improvements.
Equity affiliates' loss was $1.2 compared to income of $2.0 in the prior year, driven by an affiliate in Algeria.
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RECONCILIATIONS OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
We present certain financial measures that are not calculated in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") because they exclude items that management does not consider to be representative of our underlying business operations. We provide these adjusted non-GAAP financial measures to allow investors, potential investors, securities analysts, and others to evaluate our business in the same manner as management. When viewed together with our GAAP results, we believe these non-GAAP financial measures offer a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting our financial performance and support analysis of our results on a more consistent basis.
Readers are cautioned that non‑GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the corresponding GAAP measures. Our definitions and calculations of non‑GAAP financial measures may differ from those used by other companies, which may limit comparability.
Non-GAAP Performance Measures
Management uses non-GAAP performance measures, including adjusted operating income, adjusted operating margin, and adjusted earnings per share ("EPS"), to assess our performance because these measures exclude items that management does not consider to be representative of our underlying business operations. In addition, adjusted operating income and adjusted EPS are important components of our incentive compensation plans. We also use adjusted operating margin to assess operational efficiency, cost discipline, and overall profitability.
Our non‑GAAP performance measures are adjusted to exclude gains or losses that management believes are not associated with the ongoing operations of our business. These adjustments, which are described below for the periods presented, are not reflected in the results of our reportable segments. Although these items are often difficult to predict, readers should be aware that similar gains or losses may occur in future periods. The related tax effects reflect the expected current and deferred income tax impacts of our non-GAAP adjustments, which are primarily driven by the statutory tax rates of the applicable jurisdictions and the taxability of the underlying adjustments in those jurisdictions.
We reconcile each non‑GAAP performance measure to its most directly comparable GAAP measure in the table below, followed by descriptions of each non-GAAP adjustment. Margins are calculated by dividing the applicable line item by consolidated sales for the relevant period. In addition to our non-GAAP performance measures, we also present components used in calculating adjusted EPS to illustrate the per share effect of our non‑GAAP adjustments. All per share amounts are calculated on a diluted basis from continuing operations attributable to Air Products. Because margins and per share amounts are calculated independently, the individual components may not sum to the related totals due to rounding.
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| Three Months Ended 31 December | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Q1 2026 vs. Q1 2025 | Operating Income | Operating Margin | Other Non- Operating Inc/Exp, Net | Income Tax Expense | Net Income Attributable to Air Products | EPS | ||||||||||||||
Q1 2026 GAAP Measures | $734.5 | 23.7% | ($1.4) | $159.4 | $678.2 | $3.04 | ||||||||||||||
Q1 2025 GAAP Measures | 643.6 | 22.0% | 38.9 | 140.7 | 617.4 | 2.77 | ||||||||||||||
| $ GAAP Change | $90.9 | $0.27 | ||||||||||||||||||
| %/bp GAAP Change | 14% | 170 | bp | 10% | ||||||||||||||||
Q1 2026 GAAP Measures | $734.5 | 23.7% | ($1.4) | $159.4 | $678.2 | $3.04 | ||||||||||||||
Business and asset actions(A) | 22.0 | 0.7% | 6.3 | 3.1 | 24.6 | 0.11 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-service pension cost, net | — | —% | 3.4 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 0.01 | ||||||||||||||
Q1 2026 Adjusted Measures | $756.5 | 24.4% | $8.3 | $163.4 | $705.3 | $3.16 | ||||||||||||||
Q1 2025 GAAP Measures | $643.6 | 22.0% | $38.9 | $140.7 | $617.4 | $2.77 | ||||||||||||||
| Shareholder activism-related costs | 29.9 | 1.0% | — | 8.0 | 21.9 | 0.10 | ||||||||||||||
Gain on de-designation of cash flow hedges(B) | — | —% | (38.8) | (3.3) | (10.3) | (0.05) | ||||||||||||||
| Non-service pension cost, net | — | —% | 10.5 | 2.6 | 7.9 | 0.04 | ||||||||||||||
Q1 2025 Adjusted Measures | $673.5 | 23.0% | $10.6 | $148.0 | $636.9 | $2.86 | ||||||||||||||
| $ Adjusted Change | $83.0 | $0.30 | ||||||||||||||||||
| %/bp Adjusted Change | 12% | 140 | bp | 10% | ||||||||||||||||
(A)Charge attributable to noncontrolling interests was $0.6. (B)Gain attributable to noncontrolling interests was $25.2. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Business and Asset Actions
During the first quarter of fiscal year 2026, we recorded charges for business and asset actions totaling $28.3 ($24.6 after tax, or $0.11 per share) related to project exits announced in fiscal year 2025. Of these charges, $22.0 were recorded within operating income to reflect updated cost estimates as we settle project‑related commitments and sell associated assets. The remaining $6.3 was recorded to "Other non‑operating income (expense), net" and reflects losses on cross‑currency interest rate swaps terminated in connection with the early repayment of related intercompany loans for one of the affected gasification projects.
Our estimates reflect our best judgment based on information available as of 31 December 2025. Final settlement of these items may differ materially from current estimates, which could impact our consolidated financial statements in future periods.
Prior Year Shareholder Activism-Related Costs
During the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, we recorded shareholder activism-related costs of $29.9 ($21.9 after tax, or $0.10 per share) in connection with a proxy contest. These costs included legal and other professional service fees and proxy solicitation expenses.
Prior Year Gain on De-designation of Cash Flow Hedges
In fiscal year 2024, we discontinued cash flow hedge accounting for certain interest rate swaps due to changes in the anticipated drawdown timeline for hedged borrowings related to the NEOM Green Hydrogen Project. These swaps are held by NEOM Green Hydrogen Company, a consolidated joint venture accounted for under the variable interest model, in which Air Products holds a one-third ownership interest. As a result, unrealized gains and losses for the de-designated swaps were recorded to "Other non-operating income (expense), net" on our consolidated income statements. During the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, we recorded an unrealized gain of $38.8 ($10.3 attributable to Air Products after tax, or $0.05 per share), with $25.2 attributable to our noncontrolling partners.
We re-designated the affected swaps as outstanding borrowings under the available project financing became commensurate with the swaps’ notional values. The unrealized gain on swaps that remained de-designated during the first quarter of fiscal year 2026 was not material. As of 1 January 2026, all swaps have been re-designated as cash flow hedges.
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Non-Service Related Pension Items
Non-service related pension items resulted in net non-operating costs of $3.4 ($2.5 after tax, or $0.01 per share) in the first quarter of fiscal year 2026 compared to $10.5 ($7.9 after tax, or $0.04 per share) in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025. Non-service related components are recurring, non-operating items that include interest cost, expected returns on plan assets, prior service cost amortization, actuarial loss amortization, as well as special termination benefits, curtailments, and settlements. The net impact of non-service related components is reflected within “Other non-operating income (expense), net” on our consolidated income statements. Adjusting for the impact of non-service pension components provides management and users of our financial statements with a more accurate representation of our underlying business performance because these components are driven by factors that are unrelated to our operations, such as volatility in equity and debt markets. Further, non-service related components are not indicative of our defined benefit plans’ future contribution needs due to the funded status of the plans.
ADJUSTED EFFECTIVE TAX RATE
The effective tax rate represents income tax expense divided by income before taxes as reported under GAAP. We calculate our adjusted effective tax rate by adjusting both the numerator and the denominator to exclude the tax and pre‑tax effects of our non‑GAAP adjustments, respectively.
The table below presents a reconciliation of the GAAP effective tax rate to our adjusted effective tax rate:
| Three Months Ended 31 December | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Income tax expense | $159.4 | $140.7 | |||||||||
| Income before taxes | 850.8 | 790.5 | |||||||||
| Effective tax rate | 18.7 | % | 17.8 | % | |||||||
| Reconciliations of GAAP to Non-GAAP: | |||||||||||
| Income tax expense | $159.4 | $140.7 | |||||||||
| Business and asset actions tax impact | 3.1 | — | |||||||||
Shareholder activism-related costs tax impact | — | 8.0 | |||||||||
| Gain on de-designation of cash flow hedges tax impact | — | (3.3) | |||||||||
| Non-service pension cost, net tax impact | 0.9 | 2.6 | |||||||||
| Adjusted income tax expense | $163.4 | $148.0 | |||||||||
| Income before taxes | $850.8 | $790.5 | |||||||||
| Business and asset actions | 28.3 | — | |||||||||
Shareholder activism-related costs | — | 29.9 | |||||||||
| Gain on de-designation of cash flow hedges | — | (38.8) | |||||||||
| Non-service pension cost, net | 3.4 | 10.5 | |||||||||
| Adjusted income before taxes | $882.5 | $792.1 | |||||||||
| Adjusted effective tax rate | 18.5 | % | 18.7 | % | |||||||
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CAPITAL EXPENDITURES (NON-GAAP)
Capital expenditures is a non-GAAP financial measure that management uses to evaluate our deployment of capital and assess alignment with our strategic priorities. Our calculation of this measure begins as the sum of cash paid for additions to plant and equipment, including long-term deposits, acquisitions (less cash acquired), investment in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates, and investment in financing receivables, each of which are reported on our consolidated statements of cash flows.
We then adjust this amount to exclude spending for additions to plant and equipment by our consolidated joint venture, NEOM Green Hydrogen Company (“NGHC”), to the extent such spending is funded by sources other than Air Products’ cash. These other funding sources include NGHC’s project financing, which is non‑recourse to Air Products, as well as equity contributions from the other joint venture partners. Management believes this adjustment provides a more useful view of the capital we deploy to support the ongoing growth of our business.
The most directly comparable GAAP measure to our non‑GAAP capital expenditures is “Cash used for investing activities,” as reported on our consolidated statements of cash flows. The reconciliation of cash used for investing activities to our reported capital expenditures is provided below:
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| 31 December | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Cash used for investing activities | $1,242.9 | $2,182.1 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of assets and investments | 26.1 | 34.4 | |||||||||
Purchases of short-term investments | — | (117.6) | |||||||||
Proceeds from short-term investments | — | 5.0 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from other investing activities | 2.2 | 29.0 | |||||||||
NGHC expenditures not funded by Air Products' equity(A) | (360.5) | (923.1) | |||||||||
| Capital expenditures | $910.7 | $1,209.8 | |||||||||
(A)Reflects the portion of "Additions to plant and equipment, including long-term deposits" that is associated with NGHC, less our approximate cash investment in the joint venture. Substantially all the funding we provide to NGHC is limited for use by the joint venture for its capital expenditures.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We believe we have sufficient cash, cash flows from operations, and access to funding sources to meet our liquidity needs. As further discussed in the "Cash Flows From Financing Activities" section below, we are able to raise capital through a variety of financing activities, including accessing capital or commercial paper markets or drawing upon our credit facilities.
As of 31 December 2025, we held cash and cash items of $1.0 billion, substantially all of which was held outside the U.S. We do not expect a significant portion of the earnings from our foreign subsidiaries and affiliates to be subject to U.S. income tax upon repatriation. Depending on the country in which these entities operate, repatriation of earnings may be subject to foreign withholding and other taxes. However, we intend to indefinitely reinvest the majority of our foreign cash and cash items that would be subject to additional taxes outside the U.S.
Cash Flows From Operations
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| 31 December | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Air Products | $678.2 | $617.4 | |||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile income to cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 370.7 | 366.8 | |||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 78.2 | (6.3) | |||||||||
| Business and asset actions | 22.0 | — | |||||||||
| Undistributed earnings of equity method investments | (28.5) | (48.4) | |||||||||
| Gain on sale of assets and investments | (2.2) | (10.1) | |||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 10.6 | 16.4 | |||||||||
| Noncurrent lease receivables | 12.0 | 15.0 | |||||||||
| Other adjustments | (25.2) | (122.6) | |||||||||
| Changes in working capital accounts | (215.1) | (16.5) | |||||||||
| Cash Provided by Operating Activities | $900.7 | $811.7 | |||||||||
For the first three months of fiscal year 2026, cash provided by operating activities was $900.7. The working capital accounts were a net use of cash of $215.1, primarily driven by a $191.3 use related to payables and accrued liabilities. This use included payments for incentive compensation under the fiscal year 2025 plan, contract terminations tied to our business and asset actions, and previously accrued severance actions under our global cost reduction plan.
For the first three months of fiscal year 2025, cash provided by operating activities was $811.7. Other adjustments of $122.6 primarily reflected non‑cash currency impacts on intercompany balances. The working capital accounts were a net use of cash of $16.5. A $47.8 use of cash for trade receivables, driven by the timing of cash collections, was partially offset by a $30.5 source of cash within payables and accrued liabilities. The source of cash for payables and accrued liabilities primarily resulted from higher accrued utilities and changes in the fair value of derivative contracts that hedge intercompany loans, partially offset by payments for incentive compensation.
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Cash Flows From Investing Activities
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| 31 December | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Additions to plant and equipment, including long-term deposits | ($1,251.2) | ($2,117.6) | |||||||||
| Investments in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates | (20.0) | — | |||||||||
| Investments in financing receivables | — | (15.3) | |||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of assets and investments | 26.1 | 34.4 | |||||||||
| Purchases of short-term investments | — | (117.6) | |||||||||
| Proceeds from short-term investments | — | 5.0 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from other investing activities | 2.2 | 29.0 | |||||||||
| Cash Used for Investing Activities | ($1,242.9) | ($2,182.1) | |||||||||
For the first three months of fiscal year 2026, cash used for investing activities of $1.2 billion was primarily driven by additions to plant and equipment, including long-term deposits, as discussed in the "Capital Expenditures" section below.
For the first three months of fiscal year 2025, cash used for investing activities was $2.2 billion. The use of cash primarily resulted from additions to plant and equipment, including long-term deposits, of $2.1 billion as discussed in the "Capital Expenditures" section below. Purchases of investments of $117.6 consisted of time deposits with maturities between three months and one year.
Capital Expenditures (Non-GAAP Financial Measure)
The components of our capital expenditures are detailed in the table below. Refer to page 51 for a definition of this non-GAAP financial measure as well as a reconciliation to cash used for investing activities.
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| 31 December | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
Additions to plant and equipment, including long-term deposits | $1,251.2 | $2,117.6 | |||||||||
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates | 20.0 | — | |||||||||
Investments in financing receivables | — | 15.3 | |||||||||
NGHC expenditures not funded by Air Products' equity(A) | (360.5) | (923.1) | |||||||||
| Capital Expenditures | $910.7 | $1,209.8 | |||||||||
(A)Reflects the portion of "Additions to plant and equipment, including long-term deposits" that is associated with NGHC, less our approximate cash investment in the joint venture. Substantially all the funding we provide to NGHC is limited for use by the joint venture for its capital expenditures. For additional information regarding this adjustment, refer to page 51.
Capital expenditures for the first three months of fiscal year 2026 totaled $910.7 compared to $1.2 billion in the prior year. Additions to plant and equipment in both periods primarily reflect cash deployed to support our clean energy initiatives, including the NEOM Green Hydrogen Project, and clean energy complexes in Louisiana, United States, and Alberta, Canada. Spending for the NEOM Green Hydrogen Project is lower in fiscal year 2026 as we near completion of the project.
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Outlook for Investing Activities
It is not possible, without unreasonable efforts, to reconcile our forecasted capital expenditures to future cash used for investing activities because management is unable to identify the timing or occurrence of our future investment activity, which is driven by our assessment of competing opportunities at the time we enter into transactions. These decisions, either individually or in the aggregate, could have a significant effect on our cash used for investing activities. Accordingly, management is unable to fully reconcile, without unreasonable efforts, our forecasted capital expenditures to future cash used for investing activities.
We expect capital expenditures for fiscal year 2026 to be approximately $4.0 billion, reflecting continued investment in our energy transition projects, traditional industrial gas projects, and maintenance within our core business. Approximately $1 billion is expected to be dedicated to traditional industrial gas projects. We anticipate funding these expenditures through our existing cash balance and cash generated from continuing operations. We also have access to capital and money market financing as well as other sources of funding as discussed in the "Financing and Capital Structure" section below.
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| 31 December | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Long-term debt proceeds | $382.5 | $459.2 | |||||||||
| Payments on long-term debt | (569.6) | (12.1) | |||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in commercial paper and short-term borrowings | 67.3 | (21.5) | |||||||||
| Dividends paid to shareholders | (398.4) | (393.6) | |||||||||
| Investments by noncontrolling interests | 61.0 | 280.9 | |||||||||
| Other financing activities | (32.9) | (38.7) | |||||||||
| Cash (Used for) Provided by Financing Activities | ($490.1) | $274.2 | |||||||||
For the first three months of fiscal year 2026, cash used for financing activities was $490.1. The use of cash was driven by long-term debt repayments of $569.6, which included the repayment of $550.0 aggregate principal amount of our 1.50% senior notes due October 2025. Additionally, cash dividends paid to shareholders totaled $398.4. These uses of cash were partially offset by $382.5 of long-term debt proceeds driven by incremental borrowings under the project financing arrangement available to NGHC for the NEOM Green Hydrogen Project.
For the first three months of fiscal year 2025, cash provided by financing activities was $274.2. The source of cash was driven by long-term debt proceeds of $459.2 and investments by noncontrolling interests of $280.9, both of which primarily relate to capital spending by NGHC. These sources of cash were partially offset by dividend payments to shareholders of $393.6.
Financing and Capital Structure
Debt
Total debt decreased to $17.5 billion as of 31 December 2025 from $17.7 billion as of 30 September 2025. As noted above, we repaid at maturity $550.0 aggregate principal amount of our 1.50% senior notes due October 2025, plus accumulated and unpaid interest through the maturity date. This repayment was partially offset by approximately $365 in incremental long-term principal borrowings under a project financing arrangement related to the NEOM Green Hydrogen Project, which is non-recourse to Air Products, as further discussed below. Total debt included related party debt of $240.7 and $236.5 as of 31 December 2025 and 30 September 2025, respectively.
Various debt agreements to which we are a party include financial covenants and other restrictions, including restrictions pertaining to the ability to create property liens and enter into certain sale and leaseback transactions. As of 31 December 2025, we were in compliance with all the financial and other covenants under our debt agreements.
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Committed Credit Facilities
During the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, we refinanced our existing 364-day $500 revolving credit agreement to extend its maturity date from 27 March 2025 to 26 March 2026 (the “364-Day Credit Agreement”). All other terms remain consistent with the original 364-Day Credit Agreement, including our ability to convert the facility into a term loan maturing 26 March 2027. Fees incurred in connection with the refinancing were not material.
We also maintain a five-year $3.0 billion revolving credit agreement that matures on 31 March 2029 (the “Five-Year Credit Agreement”). Both the 364-Day Credit Agreement and the Five-Year Credit Agreement are syndicated committed facilities that provide a source of liquidity and support our commercial paper program through the availability of senior unsecured debt to us and certain of our subsidiaries. No borrowings were outstanding under either of the agreements as of 31 December 2025 or 30 September 2025.
Separately, certain of our foreign subsidiaries maintain access to committed credit facilities with a combined maximum borrowing capacity of $363.3, all of which was borrowed and outstanding as of 31 December 2025. The amount available and borrowed as of 30 September 2025 was $394.0.
NEOM Green Hydrogen Project Financing
To support the NEOM Green Hydrogen Project, NGHC has access to project financing of approximately $6.1 billion, which is expected to fund about 73% of the project and is being drawn over the construction period, as well as additional credit facilities totaling approximately $500 primarily for NGHC's working capital needs. Creditors of NGHC do not have recourse to the general credit of Air Products. As of 31 December 2025, the joint venture had borrowed short- and long-term principal amounts totaling $5.3 billion compared to $4.9 billion as of 30 September 2025. Refer to Note 3, Variable Interest Entities, to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Dividends
We believe that providing a consistent dividend plays a critical role in creating shareholder value. The Board of Directors determines whether to declare cash dividends on our common stock, and the timing and amount of those dividends, based on our financial condition and other factors it deems relevant. Dividends are paid quarterly, typically during the sixth week following the close of the fiscal quarter.
On 19 November 2025, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $1.79 per share that is payable on 9 February 2026 to shareholders of record at close of business on 2 January 2026.
In January 2026, the Board of Directors approved a $0.02 per share increase to our quarterly dividend, raising it to $1.81 per share and marking our 44th consecutive year of dividend increases. The first dividend at this increased rate was declared on 27 January 2026 and is payable on 11 May 2026 to shareholders of record at close of business on 1 April 2026.
In total, we expect to return approximately $1.6 billion to shareholders in 2026.
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PENSION BENEFITS
We and certain of our subsidiaries sponsor defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution plans that cover a substantial portion of our worldwide employees. The principal defined benefit pension plans are the U.S. salaried pension plan and the U.K. pension plan. These plans were closed to new participants in 2005, after which defined contribution plans were offered to new employees. The shift to defined contribution plans is expected to continue to reduce volatility of both plan expense and contributions. For additional information, refer to Note 10, Retirement Benefits, to the consolidated financial statements.
Net Periodic Cost
The table below summarizes the components of net periodic cost for our U.S. and international defined benefit pension plans:
| Three Months Ended | ||||||||
| 31 December | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Service cost | $4.9 | $5.2 | ||||||
| Non-service cost | 3.4 | 10.5 | ||||||
| Other | 0.3 | 0.1 | ||||||
| Net Periodic Cost | $8.6 | $15.8 | ||||||
Net periodic cost was $8.6 and $15.8 for the three months ended 31 December 2025 and 2024, respectively. The lower non-service related costs are the result of higher expected return on plan assets from increases in the return assumption and a decrease in actuarial loss amortization. Non-service related components of net periodic cost are reflected within "Other non-operating income (expense), net" on our consolidated income statements.
Service costs result from benefits earned by active employees and are reflected as operating expenses primarily within "Cost of sales" and "Selling and administrative expense" on our consolidated income statements. The amount of service costs capitalized in the first three months of fiscal years 2026 and 2025 was not material.
Company Contributions
Management considers various factors when making pension funding decisions, including tax, cash flow, and regulatory implications. For the three months ended 31 December 2025 and 2024, our cash contributions to funded pension plans and benefit payments for unfunded pension plans were $5.1 and $8.2, respectively.
Total contributions for fiscal year 2026 are expected to be approximately $25 to $35. During fiscal year 2025, total contributions were $29.9.
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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
A description of our major accounting policies, including those that we consider to be the most critical to understanding our financial statements, is included in our 2025 Form 10-K. There were no significant changes to our accounting policies during the first three months of fiscal year 2026.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes that have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates reflect our best judgment about current and/or future economic and market conditions and their effect based on information available as of the date of our consolidated financial statements. If conditions change, actual results may differ materially from these estimates.
Judgments and estimates of uncertainties are required to apply our accounting policies in many areas. However, application of policies that management has identified as critical places significant importance on management’s judgment, often as the result of the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain.
During the first quarter of fiscal year 2026, we recorded changes to project revenue and cost estimates on certain sale of equipment projects that are accounted for under the cost incurred input method. Accordingly, we recorded cumulative effect adjustments that unfavorably impacted operating results by approximately $33 for the three months ended 31 December 2025.
Additionally, we recorded a charge of $22.0 within operating income during the first quarter of fiscal year 2026 to update cost estimates related to previously announced project exit decisions as described in Note 4, Business and Asset Actions, to the consolidated financial statements. We estimate the value of certain long-lived assets associated with these decisions using Level 3 inputs under the fair value hierarchy due to the absence of observable market prices and significant reliance on management judgment and estimation techniques. For long-lived assets that met the held-for-sale criteria and are actively being marketed for sale, fair value, including costs to sell, was estimated using an internally developed discounted cash flow analysis as of 30 September 2025. There were no material changes to valuation assumptions related to assets held for sale during the first quarter of fiscal year 2026. For plant and equipment that did not meet the held‑for‑sale criteria but are capable of being sold through secondary equipment markets, we estimated the net realizable value of the assets as of 31 March 2025 using an orderly liquidation valuation approach. There were no material changes in the estimated net realizable value for any remaining assets not disposed as of 31 December 2025.
Estimates related to these actions are considered critical because they involve significant assumptions regarding future cash flows, asset disposition strategies, and market conditions, all of which are subject to change and could materially affect the amount and timing of impairment charges. Additionally, because the project review is ongoing, we may make further project-related decisions that could impact the intended use or recoverability of certain assets, potentially resulting in the recognition of additional charges in future periods.
There were no other changes to our estimates during the first three months of fiscal year 2026 that had a significant impact on our financial condition, change in financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Information on our utilization of financial instruments and an analysis of the sensitivity of these instruments to selected changes in market rates and prices is included in our 2025 Form 10-K.
Our net financial instrument position decreased from a liability of $17.2 billion at 30 September 2025 to a liability of $17.0 billion at 31 December 2025. The decrease was primarily due to the repayment of $550.0 principal amount outstanding of our 1.50% U.S. senior note at maturity in October 2025. This decrease was partially offset by approximately $365 of additional long-term principal borrowings under the project financing associated with the NEOM Green Hydrogen Project as discussed in Note 3, Variable Interest Entities, to the consolidated financial statements.
Interest Rate Risk
Our debt portfolio as of 31 December 2025, including the effect of currency and interest rate swap agreements, was composed of 92% fixed-rate debt and 8% variable-rate debt. Our debt portfolio as of 30 September 2025, including the effect of currency and interest rate swap agreements, was composed of 91% fixed-rate debt and 9% variable-rate debt. The decrease in variable-rate debt is primarily due to the maturity of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges during October 2025.
The sensitivity analysis related to the interest rate risk on the fixed portion of our debt portfolio assumes an instantaneous 100 bp parallel move in interest rates from the level at 31 December 2025, with all other variables held constant. A 100 bp increase in market interest rates would result in a decrease of $1,116 and $1,128 in the net liability position of financial instruments at 31 December 2025 and 30 September 2025, respectively. A 100 bp decrease in market interest rates would result in an increase of $1,276 and $1,290 in the net liability position of financial instruments at 31 December 2025 and 30 September 2025, respectively.
There were no material changes to the sensitivity analysis related to the variable portion of our debt portfolio since 30 September 2025.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
The sensitivity analysis related to foreign currency exchange rates assumes an instantaneous 10% change in the foreign currency exchange rates from their levels at 31 December 2025, with all other variables held constant. A 10% strengthening or weakening of the functional currency of an entity versus all other currencies would result in a decrease or increase, respectively, of $750 and $565 in the net liability position of financial instruments at 31 December 2025 and 30 September 2025, respectively. The increase in sensitivity is primarily due to the origination of cross currency interest rate swaps between the U.S. Dollar and each of the Chinese Renminbi, South Korean Won, and New Taiwan Dollar.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain a comprehensive set of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of 31 December 2025. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of 31 December 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended 31 December 2025 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We are supplementing the risk factors described under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended 30 September 2025 with the additional risk factor set forth below.
The sale of our common stock could cause volatility in and otherwise adversely impact the price of our common stock.
The sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or transactions by our directors or affiliated entities thereof, executive officers and significant stockholders, or the perception that these transactions might occur, could result in volatility in or otherwise adversely impact the price of our common stock. In this regard, Mantle Ridge LP, of which one of the Company’s directors, Paul C. Hilal, is founder and chief executive officer, and certain of its affiliated entities (collectively, “Mantle Ridge”) hold approximately 4.1 million shares of our common stock, representing approximately 1.8% of our outstanding shares. In January 2026 Mantle Ridge informed us that, pursuant to limited partner liquidity rights, it may effect distributions to its limited partners, either in kind or in cash funded by share sales, with respect to a significant percentage of its shares as early as the first half of calendar year 2026 and that it expects all such distributions to be completed no later than early 2028. To the extent that these investors receive shares of our common stock, they would be able to sell those shares at their discretion. We are unable to predict the specific timing of these transactions.
Item 5. Other Information
None of the Company’s directors or Section 16 reporting officers adopted terminated
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Item 6. Exhibits
(a) Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K
| Exhibit No. | Description | |||||||
| (3) | Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws | |||||||
| 3.1 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, dated November 19, 2025 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2025). | |||||||
| (10) | Material Contracts | |||||||
| 10.1 | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Long-Term Incentive Plan of the Company, used for FY2026 Awards.† | |||||||
| 10.2 | Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Long-Term Incentive Plan of the Company, used for FY2026 Awards.†* | |||||||
| (31) | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications | |||||||
| 31.1 | Certification by the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |||||||
| 31.2 | Certification by the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |||||||
| (32) | Section 1350 Certifications | |||||||
| 32.1 | Certification by the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. †† | |||||||
| (101) | Interactive Data Files | |||||||
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document. The XBRL Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | |||||||
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | |||||||
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File, formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101). | |||||||
* | Certain confidential portions of this exhibit were omitted by means of marking such portions with asterisks because the identified portions (i) are not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed. | |||||||
| † | Indicates management contract or compensatory arrangement. | |||||||
†† | The certification attached as Exhibit 32.1 that accompanies this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing. | |||||||
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. | ||||||||
| (Registrant) | ||||||||
| By: | /s/ Melissa N. Schaeffer | |||||||
Melissa N. Schaeffer Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | ||||||||
| Date: | 30 January 2026 | |||||||
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FAQ
How did Air Products (APD) perform financially in Q1 2026?
Air Products’ Q1 2026 sales rose to $3,102.5 million, up from $2,931.5 million, while operating income increased to $734.5 million. Diluted EPS improved to $3.04 versus $2.77, reflecting stronger margins and higher contributions from equity affiliates.
What drove Air Products’ revenue growth in the first quarter of 2026?
Revenue grew 6% to $3,102.5 million, mainly from higher energy cost pass-through, a favorable currency impact, and better pricing. Overall volumes were flat, as increased on‑site industrial gas demand was offset by weaker helium demand and a large non‑recurring prior‑year helium sale.
How did Air Products’ profit margins change year over year in Q1 2026?
Operating margin improved to 23.7% in Q1 2026 from 22.0% a year earlier. The expansion was driven by favorable business mix, lower costs, and stronger merchant pricing outside helium, partially offset by flat volumes overall.
What were Air Products’ cash flow and capital spending levels in Q1 2026?
Cash provided by operating activities increased to $900.7 million, up from $811.7 million. The company invested heavily, with $1,251.2 million of additions to plant and equipment, underscoring its focus on large industrial gas and energy projects.
What project exit costs did Air Products record by 31 December 2025?
In Q1 2026, Air Products recorded $28.3 million of additional project exit charges, bringing cumulative exit‑related costs to about $3.6 billion. Roughly $3.3 billion was noncash, primarily write‑downs of plant and equipment on clean‑energy and sustainable fuel projects.
How are variable interest entities affecting Air Products’ balance sheet?
The consolidated Green Hydrogen Company joint venture added $7,684.6 million in assets and $5,304.8 million in liabilities as of 31 December 2025. Its project financing debt is non‑recourse to Air Products, meaning creditors have no claim on the company’s general credit.
What was Air Products’ Q1 2026 earnings contribution from equity affiliates?
Equity affiliates’ income increased to $172.2 million in Q1 2026 from $150.6 million a year earlier. The Middle East and India segment contributed strongly, reflecting returns from large joint ventures such as gasification and power projects.
Air Prods & Chems Inc
NYSE:APD
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Specialty Chemicals
Industrial Inorganic Chemicals
United States
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