Atlas Critical Minerals (NASDAQ: ATCX) details risks and Brazil focus in 2025 report
Rhea-AI Filing Summary
Atlas Critical Minerals Corporation filed its annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2025, outlining its strategy as an exploration-stage critical minerals company focused on Brazil. The company holds extensive rare earths, graphite, titanium, uranium-proxy, copper, nickel, iron ore, gold and quartzite mineral rights, but has no reserves under Regulation S-K 1300 and remains unprofitable, with an accumulated deficit of approximately
The filing describes significant risks, including limited operating history, dependence on continual equity or debt financing, exposure to volatile mineral prices, stringent Brazilian environmental and mining regulation, climate and cybersecurity risks, and geographic concentration in Brazil. Control is highly concentrated through one Series A preferred share and common stock holdings held by founder and CEO Marc Fogassa. The report also details a 2024 merger with Apollo Resources, an option agreement with Atlas Lithium to acquire Brazil Minerals Resources Corporation, and a January 2026 Nasdaq-listed equity offering that raised gross proceeds of about
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR
| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||
| For
the fiscal year ended |
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR
| SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
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There were common shares outstanding on December 31, 2025.
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| ☐ Large accelerated filer | ☐ Accelerated filer | ☒
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If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards † provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
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by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on an attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of
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securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant
included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
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| ☒ | International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board | ☐ | Other | ☐ |
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☐ Item 17 ☐ Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
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Yes
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements | 1 | |
| Part I | ||
| Item 1. | Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers | 3 |
| Item 2. | Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable | 3 |
| Item 3. | Key Information | 3 |
| Item 4. | Information on the Company | 19 |
| Item 4A. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 101 |
| Item 5. | Operating and Financial Review and Prospects | 101 |
| Item 6. | Directors, Senior Management and Employees | 106 |
| Item 7. | Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions | 113 |
| Item 8. | Financial Information | 115 |
| Item 9. | The Offer and Listing | 116 |
| Item 10. | Additional Information | 116 |
| Item 11. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 119 |
| Item 12. | Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities | 119 |
| Part II | ||
| Item 13. | Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies | 120 |
| Item 14. | Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds | 120 |
| Item 15. | Controls and Procedures | 120 |
| Item 16. | Reserved | 121 |
| Item 16A | Audit Committee Financial Expert | 121 |
| Item 16B | Code of Ethics | 121 |
| Item 16C | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 121 |
| Item 16D | Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees. | 122 |
| Item 16E | Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers. | 122 |
| Item 16F | Changes in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant | 122 |
| Item 16G | Corporate Governance | 122 |
| Item 16H | Mine Safety Disclosure | 122 |
| Item 16 I | Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | 122 |
| Item 16K | Cybersecurity | 122 |
| Part III | ||
| Item 17. | Financial Statements | 123 |
| Item 18. | Financial Statements | 123 |
| Item 19. | Exhibits | 123 |
| Financial Statements | F-1 | |
| Signature Page | 125 | |
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 20-F (“Annual Report”) contains or incorporates by reference forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, which address activities, events or developments that we intend, expect, project, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. Such statements are characterized by terminology such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “future,” “intends,” “assuming,” “projects,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “should” and similar expressions or the negative of those terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about: the mineral industry; market size, share and demand, performance, our expectations, objectives, anticipations, intentions and strategies regarding the future, expected operating results, revenues and earnings and potential litigation. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties, including those risks described under the heading “Risk Factors” set forth herein, or in the documents incorporated by reference herein or other filings we make with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements.
Some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ are identified below, as well as in “Item 3.D Risk Factors”, including:
| ● | our ability to continue as a going concern and our history of losses; | |
| ● | our ability to obtain additional financing; | |
| ● | our ability to study and properly explore the various mineral rights that we own; | |
| ● | our ability to obtain the necessary permitting for mining and processing material obtained in mining; | |
| ● | the accuracy of our estimates regarding expenses, future revenues and capital requirements; | |
| ● | the implementation of our business model and strategic plans for our business; | |
| ● | our ability to retain key management personnel; and | |
| ● | regulatory developments and our compliance with applicable laws. |
Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which we cannot predict with accuracy and some of which we might not even anticipate. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions at the time made, we can give no assurance that such expectations will be achieved. Actual events or results may differ materially. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. We have no duty to update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date of this Form 20-F or to conform them to actual results, new information, future events or otherwise.
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of these forward-looking statements.
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You should read the risk factors and the other cautionary statements made in this Form 20-F as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this Form 20-F. If one or more of these factors materialize, or if any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results, performance or achievements may vary materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA
This Form 20-F contains estimates and other statistical data made by independent parties and by us relating to market size and growth and other data about our industry. We obtained the industry and market data in this Form 20-F from our own research as well as from industry and general publications, surveys and studies conducted by third parties.
Publicly available information, industry and general publications and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties that are included in this Form 20-F include those available from Benchmark Minerals(1), Carnegie Endowment(2), Center for Strategic and International Studies(3), Center on Global Energy Policy – Columbia University(4), TD Economics(5), PriceWaterhouse Coopers(6), Statista(7), U.S. Geological Survey(8), and Wilson Center(9), among others.
This data involves a number of assumptions and limitations and contains projections and estimates of the future performance of the industries in which we operate that are subject to a high degree of uncertainty, including those discussed in “Risk Factors.” We caution you not to give undue weight to such projections, assumptions and estimates. Further, industry and general publications, studies and surveys generally state that they have been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information. While we believe that these publications, studies and surveys are reliable, we have not independently verified the data contained in them. In addition, while we believe that the results and estimates from our internal research are reliable, such results and estimates have not been verified by any independent source.
| (1) | “Is Graphite Price Upside a Forerunner for other Critical Minerals?” October 6, 2023 (Quoting Benchmark Mineral Intelligence: https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/more-than-300-new-mines-required to meet battery-demand-by 2035). |
| (2) | “The U.S. Military and NATO Face Serious Risks of Mineral Shortages.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, published February 12, 2024. https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2024/02/the-us-military-and-nato-face-serious-risks-of-mineral-shortages?lang=en. |
| (3) | “Latin America: The World’s Copper Stronghold.” Center for Strategic and International Studies, published November 13, 2024. https://features.csis.org/copper-in-latin-america. |
| (4) | “Brazil’s Potential Role in Diversifying US Critical Mineral Supply.” Center on Global Energy Policy at Columbia University SIPA, CGEP, published August 15, 2024 https://www.energypolicy.columbia.edu/publications/brazils-potential-role-in-diversifying-us-critical-mineral-supply. |
| (5) | “U.S. Trade Vulnerabilities in Critical Minerals: Pressure Points Amid Rising Tensions.” TD Economics published August 22, 2024. https://economics.td.com/us-trade-critical-minerals. |
| (6) | “Mine 2024: Preparing for impact.” PwC. https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/energy-utilities-resources/publications/mine.html. |
| (7) | “Copper mine production in Brazil 2023.” Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/795920/brazil-copper-production-volume.; “Brazil: graphite reserves 2024.” Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1546192/reserves-of-graphite-in-brazil. |
| (8) | “Iron Ore Statistics and Information.” U.S. Geological Survey. https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/iron-ore-statistics-and-information. |
| (9) | “Brazil’s Critical Minerals and the Global Clean Energy Revolution.” Wilson Center, published October 2, 2024. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/brazils-critical-minerals-and-global-clean-energy-revolution. |
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PART I
Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers.
Not applicable.
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable.
Not applicable.
Item 3. Key Information.
3.A. [Reserved].
3.B. Capitalization and Indebtedness.
Not applicable.
3.C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds.
Not applicable.
3.D. Risk Factors.
You should carefully consider the following risk factors and all other information contained in this Annual Report before purchasing our securities. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected, in which case, the value of our shares could decline, and you may lose some or all of your investment.
Business Risks
Our future performance is difficult to evaluate because we have a limited operating history.
Although we were incorporated in 2016, we only began to implement our current business strategy in 2024. Our current business strategy is focused on the exploration of critical minerals, and the exploration of iron ore and quartzite. While we have had a small amount of revenue from the sales of quartzite mined by us and iron ore mined by a third party, we have not realized any revenues to date from the sale of other minerals within our portfolio. We have incurred losses since our inception resulting in an accumulated deficit of approximately $14.5 million as of December 31, 2025, and further losses are anticipated. Our operating cash flow needs have been financed primarily through debt or equity and not through cash flows derived from our operations. As a result, we have little historical financial and operating information available to help you evaluate and predict our future performance. There can be no assurance that our efforts will be successful or that we will ultimately be able to attain profitability.
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We are an exploration-stage company, and there is no guarantee that our properties will result in the commercial extraction of mineral deposits.
We are engaged in the business of exploring and developing mineral properties with the intention of locating economic deposits of minerals. An economic deposit is a mineral property which can be reasonably expected to generate profits upon extraction and commercialization of its minerals after considering all costs involved. Substantially all of our property interests are in the exploration stage. Accordingly, it is unlikely that we will realize profits from these properties in the short term, and we also cannot assure you that we will realize profits in the medium to long term. Any profitability in the future from our business will be dependent upon the development of at least one economic deposit and most likely further exploration and development of other economic deposits, each of which is subject to numerous risks.
Further, we cannot assure you that, even if an economic deposit of minerals is located, any of our property interests can be commercially mined. The exploration and development of mineral deposits involves a high degree of financial risk over a significant period which a combination of careful evaluation, experience and knowledge of management may not eliminate. While discovery of additional ore-bearing deposits may result in substantial rewards, few properties which are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. Major expenses may be required to establish reserves by drilling and constructing mining and processing facilities at a particular site. It is not possible at this time to ensure that our current exploration programs will result in profitable commercial mining operations. The profitability of our operations will be, in part, related to the cost and success of our exploration and development programs. which may be affected by several factors, such as the factors set forth under the heading “We face risks related to mining, exploration and mine construction, if warranted, on our properties” below. Additional expenditures are required to establish reserves which are sufficient to commercially mine and to construct, complete and install mining and processing facilities in those properties that are mined and developed.
In addition, exploration-stage projects like ours have no operating history upon which to base estimates of future operating costs and capital requirements. Exploration project items, such as any future estimates of reserves, metal recoveries or cash operating costs will to a large extent be based upon the interpretation of geologic data, obtained from a limited number of drill holes and other sampling techniques, as well as future feasibility studies. Actual operating costs and economic returns of all exploration projects may materially differ from the costs and returns estimated, and accordingly our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows may be negatively affected.
Because the probability of an individual prospective mineral deposit ever having reserves is not known, any funds spent on exploration and evaluation may be lost if our properties do not contain any reserves.
We are an exploration stage company, and we have no “reserves” as such term is defined by Regulation S-K Item 1300 (“Regulation S-K 1300”). We cannot assure you about the existence of economically extractable mineralization at this time, nor about the quantity or grade of any mineralization we may have found. Because the probability of an individual prospect ever having reserves is uncertain, any funds spent on evaluation and exploration may be lost and our properties may not contain any reserves. Even if we confirm reserves on our properties, any quantity or grade of reserves we indicate must be considered as estimates only until such reserves are mined. We do not know with certainty that economically recoverable minerals exist on our properties. In addition, the quantity of any reserves may vary depending on commodity prices. Any material change in the quantity or grade of reserves may affect the economic viability of our properties. Further, our lack of established reserves means that we are uncertain about our ability to generate revenue from our operations.
We face risks related to mining, exploration and mine construction, if warranted, on our properties.
Our level of profitability, if any, in future years will depend to a great degree on whether our exploration-stage properties can be brought into production. It is not possible at this time to ensure that the current and future exploration programs and/or feasibility studies on our existing properties will establish reserves. Whether it will be economically feasible to extract a mineral depends on a number of factors, including, but not limited to: the particular attributes of the deposit, such as size, grade and proximity to infrastructure; mineral prices; mining, processing and transportation costs; the willingness of lenders and investors to provide project financing; labor costs and possible labor strikes; and governmental regulations, including, without limitation, regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, importing and exporting materials, foreign exchange, environmental protection, employment, worker safety, transportation, and reclamation and closure obligations. The exact effect of these factors cannot be accurately predicted, but the combination of these factors may result in us receiving an inadequate return on invested capital.
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We are subject to the effects of changing prices.
Inflation rates have been relatively low and stable over the previous three decades; however, inflation rates rose significantly between 2021 and 2024 due in part to supply chain disruptions and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although inflation rates have stabilized at a moderate level, future economic shocks, such as those due to tariffs and trade wars, could increase inflation levels going forward. We bear the costs of operating and maintaining our assets, including labor and material costs as well as recertification and dry dock costs. Although we may be able to reduce some of our exposure to price increases through the rates we charge, competitive market pressures may affect our ability to pass along price adjustments, which may result in reductions in our operating margins and cash flows in the future.
We are subject to substantial competition in our markets, which could decrease our market share and profitability in the regions in which we operate.
The critical minerals markets in Brazil, North America, Asia and the other markets in which we will operate are highly competitive. We face consolidated markets with substantial competition from domestic and international competitors.
Our competitive position is impacted by price, logistics, production costs, exchange rate, among other factors. Some of our global competitors have greater financial and marketing resources, larger customer bases and a greater breadth of product offerings than we do. In addition, some of these competitors may be able to obtain financing on terms more favorable than we are. If we are unable to remain competitive, or our competitors are more aggressive in competing with us, this may have a material adverse effect on us.
Our long-term success will depend ultimately on our ability to achieve and maintain profitability and to develop positive cash flow from our mining activities.
Our long-term success, including the recoverability of the carrying values of our assets, our ability to continue with exploration, and later start the development, commissioning and mining activities on our existing projects or to acquire additional projects, will depend ultimately on our ability to achieve and maintain profitability and to develop positive cash flow from our operations by establishing ore bodies that contain commercially recoverable minerals and to develop these into profitable mining activities. We cannot assure you that any ore body that we extract mineralized materials from will result in achieving and maintaining profitability and developing positive cash flow.
We depend on our ability to successfully access the capital and financial markets. Any inability to access the capital or financial markets may limit our ability to fund our ongoing operations, execute our business plan or pursue investments that we may rely on for future growth and could result in the failure of our business.
We need, and for the foreseeable future will continue to need, additional equity or debt financing beyond our existing cash to maintain and expand our operations. Until commercial production is achieved from one of our larger projects, we will continue to incur operating and investing net cash outflows associated with, among other things maintaining and acquiring exploration properties, undertaking ongoing exploration activities and the development of mines. As a result, we rely on access to capital markets as a source of funding for our capital and operating requirements. We cannot assure you that such additional funding will be available to us on satisfactory terms, or at all.
There is, however, no guarantee that we will be able to secure any additional funding or be able to secure funding which will provide us with sufficient funds to meet our objectives, which may adversely affect our business and financial position. If we are unable to obtain additional financing as needed, at competitive rates, our ability to fund our current operations and implement our business plan and strategy will be affected, and we would be required to reduce the scope of our operations and scale back our exploration, development and mining programs. If such an inability to obtain financing persists, such measures could include eliminating operations or even seeking reorganization, in which case the holders of our securities could lose a substantial part or all of their investment.
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Our quarterly and annual revenue, operating results and financial results are likely to fluctuate significantly in future periods.
Our quarterly and annual revenue, operating results and financial results are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly from period to period. Our revenues, net income and results of operations may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors that are outside our control including, but not limited to, lack of sufficient working capital, equipment malfunction and breakdowns, inability to timely find spare machines or parts to fix the broken equipment, regulatory or licensing delays, severe weather phenomena, labor shortages, commodity price fluctuations, cost of key inputs such as fuel and electricity, currency fluctuation.
Our ability to manage growth will have an impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Future growth may place strains on our financial, technical, operational and administrative resources and cause us to rely more on project partners and independent contractors, potentially adversely affecting our financial position and results of operations. Our ability to grow will depend on several factors, including:
| ● | our ability to develop existing projects; | |
| ● | our ability to identify new projects; | |
| ● | our ability to continue to retain and attract skilled personnel; | |
| ● | our ability to maintain or enter into relationships with project partners and independent contractors; | |
| ● | the results of our exploration programs; | |
| ● | the market prices for our minerals; | |
| ● | our access to capital; | |
| ● | our ability to enter into agreements for the sale of our minerals; | |
| ● | our ability to obtain and maintain requisite licenses and permits; | |
| ● | global demand for critical minerals; | |
| ● | the global trade environment and the existence of trade barriers such as tariffs or sanctions; | |
| ● | volatility resulting from international conflicts or geopolitical tensions; | |
| ● | natural or man-made disasters and severe climate or weather events; | |
| ● | government policies with respect to climate change or natural resource conservation; and | |
| ● | Fluctuations in inflation and currency exchange rates. |
We may not be successful in upgrading our technical, operational and administrative resources or increasing our internal resources sufficiently to provide certain of the services currently provided by third parties, and we may not be able to maintain or enter into new relationships with project partners and independent contractors on financially attractive terms, if at all. Our inability to achieve or manage growth may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our operations and projects are subject to a range of transitional and physical risks related to climate change.
We believe that climate change has the potential to impact on the regions and sites in which we operate, as well as the surrounding communities. Long-term potential physical climate risks include, but are not limited to, higher temperature in all regions, higher intensity storm events in all regions, impacts to annual precipitation depending upon the latitude and proximity of the site to oceans.
Physical risks related to extreme weather events such as extreme precipitation, flooding, longer wet or dry seasons, flooding and drought conditions, increased temperatures, sea level rise, landslides, mine flooding, landslides, wildfires or brushfires, or more severe storms may have financial implications for the business. In particular, the effects of changes in rainfall and intensities, water shortages and changing storm patterns have from time to time adversely impacted, and may in the future adversely impact, our costs, production levels and financial performance.
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There is also the potential for disruption to transport routes associated with the distribution of our products. For example, essential roads for entering in our mine sites, may be subject to a risk of flooding due to the potential for an increase in average temperatures, which may be related to climate change. Severe storm events can also result in unpermitted off-site discharges, slope instability, mine pit erosion and structural failures, tailings storage facility overtopping and other impacts, including water storage and treatment facility capacity considerations. Extended dry seasons or unseasonal dry conditions could exacerbate dust generation from operating activities that may require additional controls for continued operation or result in compliance breaches. Changing climatic conditions may also affect the likelihood of meeting closure success criteria and require adjustments to mine site rehabilitation and closure plans. The higher potential for extreme heat conditions may affect equipment efficiency.
Such events can temporarily slow or halt operations due to physical damage to assets, reduced worker productivity for safety protocols on site related to extreme temperatures or lightening events, worker aviation and bus transport to or from the site, and local or global supply route disruptions that may limit transport of essential materials, chemicals and supplies, which could have an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial position. Additional financial impacts could include increased capital or operating costs to increase water storage and treatment capacity, obtain or develop maintenance and monitoring technologies, increase resiliency of facilities and establish supplier climate resiliency and contingency plans.
An increase in frequency and duration of extreme weather conditions can be followed by extended power outages. Energy disruptions can have an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial position due to production delays or additional costs to ensure business continuity through reliable sources of on-site power generation. Energy transmission and supply may be impacted by wildfires, which may interrupt electrical power transmission lines to mine sites, and that may pose risks to on-site facilities and energy generators, fuel dispensing systems and supplies. In jurisdictions that rely on purchased hydroelectric power, such as in Brazil, extreme drought and extended dry seasons may impact the electric utility’s water supplies needed to generate hydroelectric power purchased by the mine to run operations, which would result in higher costs and/or limit energy availability for continuity of operations as well as impact our environmental systems and processes.
Our operations and projects are subject to a range of risks related to transitioning the business to meet regulatory, societal and investor expectations for operating in a low-carbon economy.
Climate change and the transition to a low-carbon economy is expected to impact on our operations in a number of ways. Mining activities are an energy and fuel intensive business, currently resulting in a significant carbon footprint. Transitioning to a low-carbon economy will require significant investment and may entail extensive policy, legal, technology, and market changes to address mitigation and adaptation requirements related to climate change. Depending on the nature, speed, focus and jurisdiction of these changes, transition risks may pose varying levels of financial and reputational risk to the business.
A number of governments or governmental bodies have introduced or are contemplating regulatory changes in response to the potential impacts of climate change that are viewed as the result of emissions from the combustion of carbon-based fuels.
Policy and regulatory risk related to actual and proposed changes in climate- and water-related laws, regulations and taxes developed to regulate the transition to a low-carbon economy may result in increased costs for our operations and our suppliers, including increased energy, capital equipment, environmental monitoring and reporting and other costs to comply with such regulations. Regulatory uncertainty may cause us to incur higher costs and lower economic returns than originally estimated for new development projects and operations, including closure reclamation obligations.
The development and deployment of technological improvements or innovations will be required to support the transition to a low-carbon economy, which could result in write-offs and early retirement of existing assets, increased costs to adopt and deploy new practices and processing including planning and design for mines, development of alternative power sources, site level efficiencies and other capital investments. Our investments in these technologies may also expose us to legal, operational and reputational and other risks. The pace of development of such technologies may be inadequate, such technologies may be insufficient, and we may not be able to deploy such technologies at a commercial scale.
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There will be varied and complex market impacts due to climate change and the transition to a low-carbon economy. There will be shifts in supply and demand for certain commodities, products and services in connection with evolving consumer and investor sentiments. Market perceptions of the mining sector, and, in particular, the role that certain metals will or will not play in the transition to a low-carbon economy remains uncertain. Potential financial impacts may include reduced investment in certain minerals due to shifts in investor sentiment, increased production costs due to changing input prices, re-pricing of land valuation and assets, potential cost increases by insurers and lenders, and potential increases in taxation of the mining and metals sector.
Should the mining and metals sector not respond quickly enough to meeting globally accepted science-based reductions required to mitigate the long-term impacts of climate change, industry members may be subject to an increased risk of future climate litigation. In the U.S. and Canada, lawsuits have been filed against oil and gas companies to assign liability for climate-related impacts. Over time, litigation may also apply to other resource intensive sectors that fail to set and/or meet long-term reduction targets. While we are not currently subject to any lawsuits related to climate, no assurances can be provided that similar suits will not be brought in the future.
There is currently no generally accepted global definition (legal, regulatory or otherwise) of, nor market consensus as to what criteria qualify as, “green,” “social,” “sustainable” or “sustainability-linked” (and, in addition, the requirements of any such label may evolve from time to time), and therefore no assurance is or can be given that we will meet any or all investor expectations.
We are vulnerable to concentration risks because our operations are currently exclusive to Brazil.
Our mining activities are currently entirely focused on Brazil. Because of our geographic concentration, our operations are more vulnerable to local economic downturns and adverse project-specific risks than those of larger, more diversified companies.
We may not realize the anticipated benefits of the Option Agreement (as defined below) with Atlas Lithium Corporation (“Atlas Lithium”), and if we are unable to consummate the transactions contemplated thereby, we will be unable to explore and develop the mineral rights that we would acquire under the Option Agreement.
Exercising the Option Agreement entered into with Atlas Lithium would materially increase the number of our mineral rights owned and available for exploration and development activities.
We may be unable to exercise the Option (as defined below) for a number of reasons. For example, Atlas Lithium may in its discretion elect to receive consideration for the Option exercise in the form of cash or our common stock. If Atlas Lithium requires payment in cash, we will be unable to exercise the Option unless we are able to arrange financing prior to the expiration of the term of such Option, and there can be no assurance that we would be able to arrange such financing on a timely basis or at all. The Option Agreement also provides that we may only exercise the Option upon or within twelve months after filing a Registration Statement on Form F-1 in connection with an uplisting of our common stock to the Nasdaq Stock Market, and as a result, we now have 7 months to exercise the Option. Furthermore, our reputation may be negatively impacted if we fail to exercise the Option, and such reputational harm could affect our ability to enter into future agreements to acquire mineral rights on terms that are favorable to us, or at all.
We are dependent upon information technology and operational technology systems, which are subject to disruption, damage, failure or cybersecurity attacks and risks associated with implementation, upgrade, operation and integration.
Our business operations rely heavily on technology platforms and systems to manage and optimize our diverse mining assets. These systems are critical to ensuring safety, operational efficiency, cost management, and meeting environmental, social, and governance (ESG) objectives. However, the increasing sophistication of cybersecurity threats, coupled with the adoption of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), automation, and cloud-based platforms, poses important risks to our operations, financial performance, and reputation.
Our systems, as well as those of our third-party service providers, vendors, and partners, face a wide range of cybersecurity threats, including: Ransomware, malware, and phishing schemes targeting critical systems and sensitive data; unauthorized access and breaches affecting intellectual property, financial information, and operational data; vulnerabilities introduced through supply chain dependencies and third-party security weaknesses; human error, design flaws, and system misconfigurations.
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The adoption of new technologies and the adoption of remote and flexible work arrangements enhances our operational capabilities but introduces additional risks. AI, for example, has the potential to improve efficiency and safety, it also presents unique vulnerabilities, including algorithmic biases that could lead to inaccurate decisions or unintended outcomes; data integrity risks, such as manipulation or corruption of datasets used to train AI systems; unauthorized access or exploitation of AI-powered systems, potentially compromising operations or sensitive data.
Additionally, the increased interconnectivity of automated and cloud-based systems and increase of remote workforce expands our cyber-attack surface, requiring heightened vigilance and advanced security measures.
Our cybersecurity program is designed to protect our technology platforms and address risks associated with the implementation of emerging technologies. While these efforts are designed to align with industry’s best practices, no system can eliminate all risks, especially given the pace of technological advancement and the evolving nature and increased frequency of cyber threats. In addition, we do not carry specific cybersecurity insurance to help mitigate such costs due to increased premiums and limited market availability.
Therefore, a successful cyberattack or other cybersecurity incident could result in future production and operational downtimes, data corruption, and unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information. Any material breaches, disruptions, or loss of business-critical information, our systems and procedures for preparing and protecting against such attempts and mitigating such risks may prove to be insufficient against future attacks. These events may subject us to significant expenses, remediation costs, disputes, financial losses, regulatory actions or investigations, litigation, reputational harm, and delays in the deployment of critical technologies, that could result in damages, material fines and penalties, and harm to our reputation, any of which could have a significant effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and cash flows. The risks associated with the implementation of emerging technologies, if not effectively mitigated, could undermine the benefits of these advancements and impact our competitive position.
In addition, we are subject to various legislation, regulations, directives and guidelines from federal, state, local and foreign agencies, that are intended to strengthen cybersecurity measures required for information and operational technology, and that apply to the collection, use, retention, protection, disclosure, transfer and other processing of personal information. Failure to comply with any of applicable legal requirements could result in enforcement action against us, including fines, which could harm our reputation and have a significant effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and cash flows.
We depend upon Marc Fogassa, our Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman.
Our success is largely dependent upon the personal efforts of Marc Fogassa, our Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman. The loss of the services of Mr. Fogassa would have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects. See “Management.”
Our growth will require new personnel, which we will be required to recruit, hire, train and retain.
Our ability to recruit and assimilate new personnel will be critical to our performance. We will be required to recruit additional personnel and to train, motivate and manage employees, and our inability to successfully do so will adversely affect our plans.
We expect significant growth in the number of our employees if we determine that a mine at any of our properties is commercially feasible, we are able to raise sufficient funding and we elect to develop the property. This growth will place substantial demands on us and our management. Our ability to assimilate new personnel will be critical to our performance. We will be required to recruit additional personnel and to train, motivate and manage employees. We will also have to adopt and implement new systems in all aspects of our operations. This will be particularly critical in the event we decide not to use contract miners on any of our properties. We have no assurance that we will be able to recruit the personnel required to execute our programs or to manage these changes successfully.
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Our workforce will be represented by labor unions and therefore be subject to collective bargaining agreements.
Production at our mines will be dependent upon the efforts of our employees and, consequently, our maintenance of good relationships with our employees. Due to union activities or other employee actions, we could experience labor disputes, work stops or other disruptions in production that could adversely affect us.
A portion of our workforce will be represented by labor unions, as mandated under Brazilian Laws, and will therefore be subject to collective bargaining agreements, and if we are unable to enter into new agreements or renew existing agreements before they expire, our workers subject to collective bargaining agreements could engage in strikes or other labor actions that could materially disrupt our ability to provide services to our customers.
We cannot predict the outcome of future negotiations of collective bargaining agreements covering potential future employees.
Certain executive officers and directors may be in a position of conflict of interest.
Marc Fogassa, our Founder, Chief Executive and Chairman, also serves as chief executive officer and chairman of Atlas Lithium Corporation (“Atlas Lithium”). Rodrigo Nazareth Menck, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, is a director at Atlas Lithium. Joel de Paiva Monteiro, Esq., one of our directors, is the Vice President of Administration, ESG Chief, and Secretary of Atlas Lithium. Areli Nogueira da Silva Júnior, one of our directors, is the Vice President of Mineral Exploration at Atlas Lithium. Atlas Lithium has significant equity ownership in us. These executives’ and directors’ services to both us and Atlas Lithium may result in potential conflicts of interest arising from their divided responsibilities and loyalties. As a result, they might not be able to devote sufficient time and attention to each company, which could negatively impact decision-making and performance. Any decision made by such persons involving us will be made in accordance with their duties and obligations to deal fairly and in good faith with us and such other companies. In addition, any such officer or director will declare, and refrain from voting on, any matter in which they may have a material interest.
Our management will have broad discretion over the use of proceeds from the offering held in January 2026 and may not use the proceeds effectively.
In January 2026, the Company proceeded to a public offering of shares. Our management will have broad discretion over the use of proceeds from this offering. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for exploration, including drilling and assessment of deposits and reserves, if any, as well as capital expenditures, and working capital. We may also use our net proceeds to acquire and invest in complementary technologies or businesses; however, we currently have no agreements or commitments to complete any such transaction. Our management will have considerable discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. The net proceeds may be used for corporate purposes that do not improve our operating results or enhance the value of our securities.
Our expected use of net proceeds from this offering represents our current intentions based upon our present plans and business condition. As of the date of this report, we cannot predict with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds received upon the completion of this offering. The amounts and timing of our actual use of the net proceeds will vary depending on numerous factors, including amount of cash used in our operations, which can be highly uncertain, subject to substantial risks and can often change. Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and investors will be relying on our judgment regarding the application of the net proceeds of this offering.
The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could harm our business. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from this offering in short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing securities. These investments may not yield a favorable return to our stockholders. If we do not invest or apply the net proceeds from this offering in ways that enhance stockholder value, we may fail to achieve expected financial results, which could cause our stock price to decline.
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Regulatory and Industry Risks
The mining industry subjects us to several risks.
In our operations, we are subject to the risks normally encountered in the mining industry, such as:
| ● | the discovery of unusual or unexpected geological formations; | |
| ● | accidental fires, floods, earthquakes or other natural disasters; | |
| ● | unplanned power outages and water shortages; | |
| ● | controlling water and other similar mining hazards; | |
| ● | operating labor disruptions and labor disputes; | |
| ● | the ability to obtain suitable or adequate machinery, equipment, or labor; | |
| ● | our liability for pollution or other hazards; and | |
| ● | other known and unknown risks involved in the conduct of exploration and operation of mines. |
The nature of these risks is such that liabilities could exceed any applicable insurance policy limits or could be excluded from coverage. There are also risks against which we cannot insure or against which we may elect not to insure. The potential costs which could be associated with any liabilities not covered by insurance, or in excess of insurance coverage, or compliance with applicable laws and regulations may cause substantial delays and require significant capital outlays, adversely affecting our future earnings and competitive position and, potentially, our financial viability.
Our operations and mineral projects will be subject to significant governmental regulations, including extensive environmental laws and regulations.
Mining activities in Brazil are subject to extensive federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing environmental protection, natural resources, prospecting, development, production, post-closure reclamation costs, taxes, labor standards and occupational health and safety laws and regulations, including mine safety, toxic substances and other matters. The costs associated with compliance with such laws and regulations can be substantial. In addition, changes in such laws and regulations, or more restrictive interpretations of current laws and regulations by governmental authorities, could result in unanticipated capital expenditures, expenses, or restrictions on, or suspensions of our operations and delays in the development of our properties.
Our exploration, development, mining and processing operations are subject to extensive laws and regulations governing land use and the protection of the environment, which generally apply to air and water quality, protection of endangered, protected or other specified species, hazardous waste management and reclamation. We have made, and expect to make in the future, significant expenditures to comply with such laws and regulations. Compliance with these laws and regulations imposes substantial costs and burdens, and can cause delays in obtaining, or failure to obtain, government permits and approvals which may adversely impact our closure processes and operations.
Increased global attention or regulation of consumption of water by industrial activities, as well as water quality discharge, and restricting or prohibiting the use of cyanide and other hazardous substances in processing activities could similarly have an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial position due to increased compliance and input costs.
We are required to obtain governmental permits in order to conduct development and mining operations, a process which is often costly and time-consuming.
We are required to obtain and renew governmental permits for our exploration activities and, prior to developing or mining any mineralization that we discover, we will be required to obtain new governmental permits. Obtaining and renewing governmental permits is a complex, costly and time-consuming process. The timeliness and success of permitting efforts are contingent upon many variables not within our control, including the interpretation of permit approval requirements administered by the applicable permitting authority. We may not be able to obtain or renew the permits that are necessary for our planned operations, or the cost and time required to obtain or renew such permits may exceed our expectations. Any unexpected delays or costs associated with the permitting process could delay the exploration, development or operation of our properties, which in turn could materially adversely affect our future revenues and profitability. In addition, key permits and approvals may be revoked or suspended or may be changed in a manner that adversely affects our activities.
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Private parties, such as environmental activists, frequently attempt to intervene in the permitting process and to persuade regulators to deny necessary permits or seek to overturn permits that have been issued. Obtaining the necessary government permits involves numerous jurisdictions, public hearings and possibly costly undertakings. These third-party actions can materially increase the costs and cause delays in the permitting process and could cause us to not proceed with the development or operation of a property. In addition, our ability to successfully obtain key permits and approvals to explore for, develop, operate and expand operations will likely depend on our ability to undertake such activities in a manner consistent with the creation of social and economic benefits in the surrounding communities, which may or may not be required by law. Our ability to obtain permits and approvals and to successfully operate in particular communities may be adversely affected by real or perceived detrimental events associated with our activities.
Compliance with environmental regulations and litigation based on environmental regulations could require significant expenditures.
Environmental regulations mandate, among other things, the maintenance of air and water quality standards, and the rules on land development and reclamation. They also set forth limitations on the generation, transportation, storage, and disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Environmental legislation is evolving in a manner that may require stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments of proposed projects, and a heightened degree of responsibility for mining companies and their officers, directors and employees. In connection with our current exploration activities or with our prior mining operations, we may incur environmental costs that could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Any failure to remedy an environmental problem could require us to suspend operations or enter into interim compliance measures pending completion of the required remedy.
Moreover, government authorities and private parties may bring lawsuits based upon damage to property and injury to persons resulting from the environmental, health and safety impacts of prior and current operations, including operations conducted by other mining companies many years ago at sites located on properties that we currently own or formerly owned. These lawsuits could lead to the imposition of substantial fines, remediation costs, penalties and other civil and criminal sanctions. We cannot assure you that any such law, regulation, enforcement or private claim would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Our operations are subject to substantial health and safety regulations.
Our operations are subject to extensive and complex laws and regulations governing worker health and safety across our operating regions, and our failure to comply with applicable legal requirements can result in substantial penalties. Future changes in applicable laws, regulations, permits and approvals or changes in their enforcement or regulatory interpretation could substantially increase costs to achieve compliance, leading to the revocation of existing or future exploration or mining rights or otherwise have an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial position.
Our mines are inspected on a regular basis by government regulators who may issue citations and orders when they believe a violation has occurred under local mining regulations. If inspections result in an alleged violation, we may be subject to fines, penalties or sanctions and our mining operations could be subject to temporary or extended closures.
In addition to potential government restrictions and regulatory fines, penalties or sanctions, our ability to operate and thus our results of operations and financial position could be adversely affected by accidents, injuries, fatalities, or events that impact our workforce or that otherwise are, or are perceived to be, detrimental to the health and safety of our employees, the environment or the communities in which we operate.
Mineral prices are subject to unpredictable fluctuations.
Portions of our revenues may come from the extraction and sale of minerals. Our level of profitability, if any, in future years will depend to a great degree on the prices of minerals set by global markets. The price of minerals may fluctuate widely and is affected by numerous factors beyond our control, including international, economic and political trends, expectations of inflation, currency exchange fluctuations, interest rates, global or regional consumptive patterns, speculative activities, increased production due to new extraction developments and improved extraction and production methods and technological changes in the markets for the end products. The effect of these factors on the price of minerals, and therefore the economic viability of any of our exploration properties, cannot accurately be predicted.
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We are dependent on the continued recognition of and validity of the title to our mineral rights, and preserving title may be costly.
We rely on the continued validity of our mineral rights to each of our mineral properties. Any challenge to the title to our mineral rights would proceed as a petition to ANM, and such a challenge would be costly. In addition, ANM has the authority to determine the boundaries of mineral rights in Brazil, which is normally done to accommodate new and unforeseen events, including, by way of example, the passage of a new electric grid or the creation of a new environmental preserve. Depending on the number of mineral rights impacted, any change in the boundaries of our mineral rights could potentially affect a given project. In the unlikely event of a successful challenge to ANM that we are not the rightful owner of a mineral right that is currently titled to us, following an administrative process, and appeal, or in the event of a change in the boundaries of our mineral rights, such successful challenge or alteration of boundaries may have a material adverse effect on our planned operations, and result in significant financial losses that affect our business as a whole.
As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to file less information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) than a domestic issuer.
As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from certain rules under the Exchange Act that impose requirements for proxy solicitations under Section 14 of the Exchange Act. In addition, our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Moreover, we are not required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as a domestic issuer, nor are we generally required to comply with the SEC’s Regulation FD, which restricts the selective disclosure of material non-public information. For as long as we are a “foreign private issuer,” we intend to file our annual financial statements on Form 20-F and furnish our semi-annual financial statements on Form 6-K to the SEC as long as we are subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. However, the information we file or furnish is not the same as the information that is required in annual on Form 10-K or Form 10-Q for U.S. domestic issuers. Accordingly, there may be less information publicly available concerning us then there is for a company that files as a domestic issuer.
We may lose our foreign private issuer status, which would then require us to comply with the Exchange Act’s domestic reporting regime and cause us to incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses.
We are required to determine our status as a foreign private issuer on an annual basis at the end of our second fiscal quarter. In order to maintain our current status as a foreign private issuer, either (1) a majority of our Ordinary Shares must be either directly or indirectly owned of record by non-residents of the United States or (2) (a) a majority of our executive officers or directors must not be U.S. citizens or residents, (b) more than 50% of our assets cannot be located in the United States and (c) our business must be administered principally outside the United States. If we lost this status, we would be required to comply with the Exchange Act reporting and other requirements applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, which are more detailed and extensive than the requirements for foreign private issuers. We may also be required to make changes in our corporate governance practices and to comply with United States generally accepted accounting principles, as opposed to IFRS. The regulatory and compliance costs to us under U.S. securities laws if we are required to comply with the reporting requirements applicable to a U.S. domestic issuer may be higher than the cost we would incur as a foreign private issuer. As a result, we expect that a loss of foreign private issuer status would increase our legal and financial compliance costs.
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Because we are a foreign private issuer and are exempt from certain Nasdaq corporate governance standards applicable to U.S. issuers, you will have less protection than you would have if we were a domestic issuer.
Nasdaq Listing Rules require listed companies to have, among other things, a majority of its board members be independent. As a foreign private issuer, however, we are permitted to, and we may follow home country practice in lieu of the above requirements, or we may choose to comply with the above requirement within one year of listing. The corporate governance practice in our home country does not require a majority of our board to consist of independent directors. Thus, although a director must act in the best interests of the Company, it is possible that fewer board members will be exercising independent judgment and the level of board oversight on the management of our company may decrease as a result. In addition, Nasdaq Listing Rules also require foreign private issuers to have a compensation committee, a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors, and an audit committee with a minimum of three members. We, as a foreign private issuer, are not subject to these requirements. Nasdaq Listing Rules may require shareholder approval for certain corporate matters, such as requiring that shareholders be given the opportunity to vote on all equity compensation plans and material revisions to those plans, certain Common Share issuances. We intend to comply with the requirements of Nasdaq Listing Rules in determining whether shareholder approval is required on such matters and to appoint a nominating and corporate governance committee. We may, however, consider following home country practice in lieu of the requirements under Nasdaq Listing Rules with respect to certain corporate governance standards which may afford less protection to investors.
Our corporate governance practices are in compliance with, and are not prohibited by, the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and as such we are entitled to exemption from certain Nasdaq corporate governance standards. As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.
Our corporate governance practices are in compliance with, and are not prohibited by, the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Therefore, we are exempt from many of Nasdaq’s corporate governance practices other than the requirements regarding the disclosure of a going concern audit option, submission of a listing agreement, notification of material non-compliance with Nasdaq corporate governance practices, and the establishment and composition of an audit committee and a formal written audit committee charter. To the extent we rely on these or other exemptions you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.
Country and Currency Risks
Substantially all of our assets are located in Brazil and substantially all of our revenue are derived from our operations in such country. Accordingly, our results of operations will be subject, to a significant extent, to the economic, political and legal policies, developments and conditions in Brazil.
The economic, political and social conditions, as well as government policies, of Brazil could affect our business. Economic growth could be uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy and such growth may not be sustained in the future. If in the future Brazil’s economy experiences a downturn or grows at a slower rate than expected, there may be less demand for spending in certain industries. A decrease in demand for spending in certain industries could materially and adversely affect our ability to become profitable.
Our ability to execute our business plan depends primarily on the continuation of a favorable mining environment in Brazil and our ability to freely sell our minerals.
Mining operations in Brazil are heavily regulated. Concurrently, the Brazilian government has taken an active role in supporting the development of its domestic rare earths mining and processing industry, including, without limitation, by allocating financial resources to finance important mineral projects, including rare earths. Such government support is of material importance to the Company and the emerging Brazilian rare earths industry due to, among other factors, the presence of established foreign industry leaders and nations, such as China, which aggressively support their rare earths industry. Any significant change in mining legislation or other changes in Brazil’s current mining environment may slow down or alter our business prospects. Further, countries in which we may wish to sell our mined minerals may impose special taxes, tariffs, or otherwise place limits and controls on consumption of our mined minerals, including tariffs or trade restrictions imposed by the new U.S. presidential administration.
The perception of Brazil by the international community may affect us.
Brazil’s political environment and its environmental policies, in particular the preservation of the Amazon rain forest, are continuously scrutinized by the global media. If Brazil’s political environment, regulations or policies are perceived to be, inadequate, unfavorable or hostile by foreign customers or investors, we may lose the interest of investor groups or potential buyers of our minerals, which will have a negative impact on us.
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Exposure to foreign exchange fluctuations and capital controls may adversely affect our costs, earnings and the value of some of our assets.
Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar; however, we conduct our business in Brazil utilizing the Brazilian real. A large portion of our operating expenses are incurred in Brazilian real. An appreciation of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar would increase our costs in U.S. dollar terms. Our consolidated financials are directly impacted by movements in the Brazilian real to U.S. dollar exchange rate.
While not expected, Brazil may choose to adopt measures to restrict the entry of U.S. dollars or the repatriation of capital across borders. These measures would have a number of negative effects on us, reducing the immediately available capital that we could otherwise deploy for investment opportunities or the payment of expenses, and the ability to repatriate any profits.
Common Stock Risks
Our common stock price may be volatile.
The market price of our common stock has been and is likely to continue to be volatile and could fluctuate in price in response to various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including the following:
| ● | our ability to grow revenues; | |
| ● | our ability to achieve profitability; | |
| ● | our ability to raise capital when needed; | |
| ● | our ability to execute our business plan; | |
| ● | legislative, regulatory, and competitive developments; and | |
| ● | economic and external factors. |
In addition, the securities markets have from time-to-time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of any company. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock regardless of our actual operations and the results from those operations.
Our common stock has met in the past, and in the future may continue to meet, the criteria to be considered a “penny stock.” If it continues to meet such criteria, it will be subject to rules that may affect your ability to resell any shares you may purchase, if at all.
Before the Reverse Stock Split, our common stock traded below $5.00 per share and was therefore defined as a “penny stock” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Although the Reverse Stock Split was effected at a ratio intended to raise the price of our common stock above the penny stock threshold, there can be no assurance that the price will meet or maintain that threshold in the future. The Exchange Act and penny stock rules generally impose additional sales practice and disclosure requirements on broker dealers who sell our securities. For transactions covered by the penny stock rules, a broker-dealer must make a suitability determination for each purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement prior to the sale. In addition, the broker-dealer must make certain mandated disclosures in penny stock transactions, including the actual sale or purchase price and actual bid and offer quotations, the compensation to be received by the broker-dealer and certain associated persons, and deliver certain disclosures required by the SEC. Consequently, the penny stock rules may affect the ability of broker-dealers to make a market in or trade our common stock and may consequently affect a stockholder’s ability to resell any of our shares in the public markets.
We do not intend to pay regular future dividends on our common stock and thus stockholders must look for appreciation of our common stock to realize a gain on their investments.
We have never paid a dividend, and we do not have any plans to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. Our future dividend policy is within the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon various factors, including future earnings, if any, our capital requirements and general financial condition, and other factors. Accordingly, stockholders must look solely to appreciation of our common stock to realize a gain on their investment. This appreciation may not occur or may occur only over a longer timeframe.
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We may seek to raise additional funds, finance acquisitions, or develop strategic relationships by issuing securities that would dilute your ownership.
We may largely finance our operations by issuing equity securities, which may materially reduce the percentage ownership of our existing stockholders. Furthermore, any newly issued securities could have rights, preferences, and privileges senior to those of our existing common stock. Moreover, any issuances by us of equity securities may be at or below the prevailing market price of our stock and in any event may have a dilutive impact on the ownership interest of existing common stockholders, which could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. We may also raise additional funds through the incurrence of debt or the issuance or sale of other securities or instruments senior to our common stock. The holders of any debt securities or instruments that we may issue could have rights superior to the rights of our common stockholders.
To grow our business and remain competitive, we may also require additional capital from time to time through the issuance of debt or the issuance or sale of other securities or instruments senior to our common stock for our daily operation. Our ability to obtain additional capital is subject to a variety of uncertainties, including:
| ● | our market position and competitiveness in our industry; | |
| ● | our ability to prove reserves in each of our properties and, ultimately, commence commercial extraction on each of our properties; | |
| ● | our future profitability, overall financial condition, results of operations and cash flows; and | |
| ● | economic, political and other conditions in the U.S., Brazil and other international jurisdictions. |
We may be unable to obtain additional capital in a timely manner or on acceptable terms or at all. In addition, our future capital needs and other business reasons could require us to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of additional equity or equity-linked securities could dilute our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations or our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders.
Our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock has the effect of concentrating voting control over us in Marc Fogassa, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman.
One share of our Series A Preferred Stock is issued, outstanding and held since July 2016 by Marc Fogassa, our Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman. The Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of our Series A Preferred Stock provides that for so long as Series A Preferred Stock is issued and outstanding, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall vote together as a single class with the holders of our common stock, with the holders of Series A Preferred Stock being entitled to 51% of the total votes on all matters regardless of the actual number of shares of Series A Preferred then outstanding, and the holders of common stock and any other class or series of capital stock entitled to vote with the common stock being entitled to their proportional share of the remaining 49% of the total votes based on their respective voting power. As a result, you may have limited ability to impact our operations and activities.
Marc Fogassa, our Founder, Chief Executive Officer and member of our Board of Directors, owns greater than 50% of our voting securities, which would cause us to be deemed a “controlled company” under the rules of Nasdaq.
As a result of his ownership of and the one issued and outstanding share of our Series A Preferred Stock, as well as ownership of our common stock, Mr. Fogassa, our Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, currently controls approximately 63% of the voting power of our securities.
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You will need to keep records of your investment for tax purposes.
Each purchase or sale of securities, including our common stock, may result in tax consequences for you. We will not keep tax records for you. You, or someone on your behalf, will be required to keep your own tax records with regard to your transactions involving our securities.
Risks Related to World Events
Tariffs and other changes in international trade policy could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Materials and products imported into the EU, the United States and other countries are subject to import duties. In addition, we cannot predict whether future Brazilian, U.S. or international laws, regulations or specific or broad trade remedy actions or international agreements may impose additional duties or other restrictions on exports of minerals from Brazil. Any such changes in legislation and government policy may have a material adverse effect on our business. For example, in recent periods, the U.S. government has announced and, in particular following the U.S. presidential election in November 2024, may continue to announce, various import tariffs on goods imported from certain trade partners, such as the EU and China, which have resulted, and may continue to result, in reciprocal tariffs on goods exported from the United States to such trade partners. An escalating global trade war, including between the United States and China, could harm our business and growth prospects. Trade barriers and other governmental action related to tariffs or international trade agreements around the world have the potential to decrease demand for our minerals and adversely impact the markets in which we operate.
A resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic, or the emergence of a new pandemic, may adversely affect our business.
A resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic, or the emergence of a new pandemic, may adversely affect our business. In the recent past, the spread of COVID-19 caused public health officials in both Brazil and the U.S. to recommend precautions to mitigate the spread of the virus, especially as to international travel. In addition, certain states and municipalities in both countries enacted quarantine and “shelter-in-place” regulations and at times required non-essential businesses to close. There is no certainty that a resurgence of COVID-19, or a new pandemic, will not occur with restrictions imposed again in response. It is unclear how such restrictions, if put in place again, would contribute to a general slowdown in the global economy and would affect our business.
An escalation of the current war in Ukraine and the recent conflict in the Middle East, generalized conflict in Europe or the emergence of conflict elsewhere may adversely affect our business.
Global markets have experienced, and may continue to experience, volatility and disruption following the escalation of geopolitical tensions, including the ongoing war in Ukraine, recent conflicts in the Middle East, rising tensions between China and Taiwan, the relationship between China and the United States, and other sources of geopolitical uncertainty and instability. The length and impact of these ongoing military and economic conflicts is highly unpredictable. Such geopolitical events, terrorist or other attacks, wars (or threatened wars) or international hostilities may lead to armed conflict or acts of terrorism in other parts of the world, which in turn may contribute to further economic instability in the global financial markets and international commerce. While much uncertainty remains regarding the global impacts of the war in Ukraine and the recent conflict in the Middle East, it is possible that such tensions could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operation and cash flows. Furthermore, it is possible that third parties, such as our customers and suppliers, may be impacted by these conflicts, which could adversely affect our operations. These uncertainties could also adversely affect our ability to obtain additional financing on terms acceptable to us or at all.
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Risks Relating to the Marshall Islands
We are incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which does not have a well-developed body of case law or bankruptcy law and, as a result, shareholders may have fewer rights and protections under Marshall Islands law than under a typical jurisdiction in the United States.
Our corporate affairs are governed by our articles of incorporation and bylaws and by the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (the “BCA”). The provisions of the BCA resemble provisions of the corporation laws of a number of states in the United States of America. However, there have been few judicial cases in the Marshall Islands interpreting the BCA. The rights and fiduciary responsibilities of directors under the law of the Marshall Islands are not as clearly established as the rights and fiduciary responsibilities of directors under statutes or judicial precedent in existence in certain U.S. jurisdictions. Shareholder rights may differ as well. While the BCA does specifically incorporate the non-statutory law, or judicial case law, of the State of Delaware and other states with substantially similar legislative provisions, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions by management, directors or controlling shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a U.S. jurisdiction. Further, the Marshall Islands does not have a well-developed body of bankruptcy law. As such, in the case of our bankruptcy, there may be a delay in bankruptcy proceedings and the ability of shareholders and creditors to receive recovery after a bankruptcy proceeding.
Service of process and enforcement of judgments may be more difficult.
We are incorporated under the laws of the Marshall Islands. Substantially all of our assets and a majority of our directors and officers are located in Brazil. As a result, investors could experience more difficulty effecting service of process upon us and our directors and officers, or enforcing judgments obtained against us or our directors and officers, including with respect to matters arising under United States federal securities laws or applicable state securities laws. Even if an investor obtains a judgment against us or our directors or officers in a United States court or other court outside of the Marshall Islands, an investor may not be able to enforce such judgment against us or them in the Marshall Islands.
Risks Related to Being a Public Company
Our management may identify material weaknesses in the future that could adversely affect investor confidence, impair the value of our securities, and increase our cost of raising capital.
There can be no assurance that our management will not identify any material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future, and if such material weaknesses are identified, as to how quickly or effectively we can remediate them. Any failure to remedy additional weaknesses or deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that may be discovered in the future or to implement new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in the implementation of such controls, could harm our operating results, cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in our financial statements. Any such failure could, in turn, affect the future ability of our management to certify that our internal control over financial reporting is effective. Ineffective internal control over financial reporting could also subject us to the scrutiny of the SEC and other regulatory bodies which could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and subject us to civil or criminal penalties or shareholder litigation, which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our securities. In addition, if we identify additional deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting, the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could reduce the market’s confidence in our financial statements and harm our share price. Furthermore, additional deficiencies could result in future non-compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”). Such non-compliance could subject us to a variety of administrative sanctions, including review by the SEC or other regulatory authorities.
We incur significant costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives and corporate governance practices.
We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, the Nasdaq listing rules and other applicable securities laws and regulations. Moreover, on December 18, 2025, the Holding Foreign Insiders Accountable Act (HFIAA) was enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, mandating directors and officers of Foreign Private Issuers to file Section 16(a) reports (Forms 3, 4, and 5) with the SEC to report beneficial ownership interests in companies, effective on March 18, 2026.. The expenses incurred by public companies generally for reporting and corporate governance purposes have been increasing. We expect these rules and regulations to continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more difficult, time-consuming and costly. Being a public company and being subject to such rules and regulations also makes it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These laws and regulations could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our Board, on our board committees or as our executive officers. Furthermore, if we are unable to satisfy our obligations as a public company, we could be subject to delisting of our ordinary shares, fines, sanctions and other regulatory action and potentially civil litigation. These factors may therefore strain our resources, divert management’s attention and affect our ability to attract and retain qualified board members.
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Item 4. Information on the Company.
4.A. History and Development of the Company.
Date of Incorporation, Legal Form, Domicile, & Business Summary
On July 27, 2016, Atlas Critical Minerals Corporation (“Atlas Critical Minerals” or “the Company”) was incorporated as Jupiter Gold Corporation (“Jupiter Gold”) under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Concurrently, Atlas Lithium Corporation (“Atlas Lithium”), a Nevada corporation, exchanged its 99.99% ownership in Mineração Jupiter Ltda (“MJL”), a Brazilian company, for 4,000,000 shares of Jupiter Gold’s common stock. Atlas Lithium held an approximate 28.06% interest in the Company as of December 31, 2025. The Company’s common shares currently trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol ATCX.
Our registered office and principal executive offices are located at Rua Antonio de Albuquerque, 156 – 17th Floor, Suite 1720, Belo Horizonte, MG 30.112-010, Brazil, and our telephone number is +1-888-412-0210. The information on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of and should not be incorporated by reference into this annual report or any other report we file or furnish to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.
On October 31, 2024 the Company and Apollo Resources Corporation, a Republic of the Marshall Islands corporation (“Apollo Resources”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, which provided for, among other things, the merger of Apollo Resources with and into the Company (the “Merger”), with the Company continuing its corporate existence as the surviving corporation. Prior to the Merger, Apollo Resources was a majority-owned subsidiary of Atlas Lithium.
On November 19, 2024, following satisfaction and/or waiver of the closing conditions in the Merger agreement, including approval of the transactions contemplated under the Merger Agreement by the requisite vote of the shareholders of Jupiter Gold and Apollo Resources, respectively, the Merger was consummated and Apollo Resources merged with and into the Company.
In connection with the consummation of the Merger, each share of outstanding Apollo Resources securities was cancelled and converted into 6.62 shares of the Company’s common stock. Immediately following the Merger, the holders of outstanding Apollo Resources securities owned approximately 59.40% of the Company’s outstanding securities.
On November 19, 2024, our Articles of Incorporation were amended and restated in order to (i) increase the authorized share capital of the Company to 200,000,000 shares, and (ii) increase the number of shares of authorized common stock to 190,000,000 shares. The foregoing description is only a summary of the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, which are filed as Exhibit 1.1 hereto and incorporated by reference.
After the Merger, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries now include Mineracao Jupiter Ltda, Mineração Apollo Ltda, Mineração Duas Barras Ltda, and RST Recursos Minerais Ltda.
On December 19, 2024, the Company entered into an Option Agreement (the “Option Agreement”) with Atlas Lithium, pursuant to which the Company acquired an option to acquire 100% of the equity interests of Brazil Minerals Resources Corporation (“BMR”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Atlas Lithium (the “Option”). As consideration for the Option, the Company issued to Atlas Lithium 66,496 shares of our common stock, representing $500,000 divided by a value per share of $7.5192.
The Option is exercisable no earlier than the filing by the Company of a Form F-1 registration statement with the SEC, which occurred on September 15, 2025, and within 12 months thereafter. If the Option is exercised, the Company and Atlas Lithium shall enter into a definitive purchase agreement for the purchase of BMR pursuant to which the Company shall pay to Atlas Lithium total consideration of $8,000,000, which at the discretion of Atlas Lithium shall be in the form of cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock. In the event that the Option is exercised, Atlas Lithium shall additionally be entitled to a perpetual royalty of one point five percent (1.5%) of the revenues resulting from the mineral rights owned by BMR as of the date of the Option Agreement.
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On December 20, 2024, the Articles of Incorporation of the Company, a Republic of the Marshall Islands corporation were amended to change the name of the Company to from Jupiter Gold Corporation to Atlas Critical Minerals Corporation. This name change was carried out to reflect a broader focus of the Company following its merger with Apollo Resources. On January 27, 2025, in connection with such an amendment, the Company filed a Certificate of Correction to correct the omission of a reference to the Company’s original Articles of Incorporation, dated July 27, 2016, in Section 2 of the Articles of Amendment.
On January 8, 2026, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with AGP/Alliance Global Partners (“AGP”) and Banco Bradesco BBI S.A. (the “Underwriters”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the Underwriters on a firm commitment public offering (the “Offering”) an aggregate of 1,200,000 shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at a public offering price of $8.00 per share. The Company granted the Underwriters a 45-day option to purchase up to an additional 180,000 shares of Common Stock to cover over-allotments (the “Over-Allotment Option”). On January 11, 2026, the Underwriters exercised the Over-Allotment Option in full, generating additional gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $1.4 million. As a result of the full exercise of the Over-Allotment Option, total gross proceeds to the Company from the Offering were approximately $11.0 million, and net proceeds were approximately $9.7 million. The Offering, including the shares issuable upon the exercise of the Over-Allotment Option, closed on January 12, 2026.
The shares of Common Stock were offered by the Company pursuant to a registration statement on Form F-1, as amended (File No. 333-290242), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), which became effective in accordance with the provisions of Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), on January 8, 2026, and an additional registration statement on Form F-1 MEF (File No. 333-292623) filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated under the Securities Act on January 8, 2026, which became automatically effective upon filing. The Common Stock was also approved for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market on January 8, 2026, and commenced trading on the Nasdaq under the ticker symbol “ATCX” on January 9, 2026.
The Company anticipates using the net proceeds from the Offering to advance exploration and development activities across its critical minerals project portfolio in Brazil, with any surplus intended to be used for general working capital, cash reserves, or other corporate purposes at the discretion of management.
We have no debt, except for operational payables. We have been primarily funded to date by sales of our common stock. We are prohibited from issuing variable-rate convertible debt by our Bylaws.
4.B. Business Overview.
We are a mineral exploration company focused on critical minerals projects and properties in Brazil. Our portfolio includes principally mineral properties for rare earths, graphite, and titanium, all of which are commonly considered to be “critical minerals”. Certain of our mineral rights may also contain uranium, which is also a “critical mineral”. Although our primary focus is on our critical mineral properties, we also have a an iron ore operation which started on November 28, 2025 and a quartzite quarry which is expected to resume operations during the second semester of 2026. We also own mineral rights for gold and diamonds.
The table below presents the aggregated annual production for each of the operating projects:
| Project / Product | Unit | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Quartzite | ||||||||||||||
| Blocks | m3 | - | 610 | 223 | ||||||||||
| Processed slabs | m2 | - | 1,385 | - | ||||||||||
| Iron Ore | ||||||||||||||
| Run of mine extracted | Tonnes | 6,352 | - | - | ||||||||||
Mineral Properties
Our current mineral properties are listed below, and do not include any mineral properties that would be acquired if we exercise the Option (defined below).
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Critical Minerals
| ● | Rare Earths: 53,939.23 hectares (~133,287 acres) in 33 mineral rights in Brazil with 18 in Goiás state and 15 in Minas Gerais state; 30 of such mineral rights are in the phase of exploration permit and three are in request for exploration permit. Titanium, another critical mineral, has been found within our mineral rights for rare earths in Minas Gerais. | |
| ● | Graphite: 12,388.34 hectares (~30,612 acres) in eight mineral rights in Brazil in Minas Gerais state, all in the phase of exploration permit. | |
| ● | Uranium: 143,725.14 hectares (~ 355,153 acres) in 39 mineral rights in Brazil with five in Bahia state, five in Ceará state, eight in Goiás state, two in Pará state, twelve in Piauí state, and seven in Tocantins state, all in the phase of request for exploration permit; these mineral rights list copper, graphite, phosphate and/or rare earths as exploration minerals since Brazilian legislation at the moment does not allow uranium to be formally listed as an exploration mineral. | |
| ● | Copper: 7,156.06 hectares (~17,683 acres) in four mineral rights in Brazil in Goiás state, all in the phase of exploration permit. | |
| ● | Nickel: 1,101.24 hectares (~2,721 acres) in one mineral right in Brazil in Piauí state, in the phase of exploration permit. |
Other Minerals
| ● | Iron Ore: 22,280.78 hectares (~55,057 acres) in 18 mineral rights in Brazil with seven in Alagoas state, 10 in Minas Gerais state, and one Mato Grosso do Sul state. One mineral right has the status of mining concession, 15 are in the phase of exploration permit phase and two are in request for exploration permit. | |
| ● | Gold: 69,291.35 hectares (~171,222 acres) in 30 mineral rights in Brazil with three in Amazonas state, three in Mato Grosso state, 23 in Minas Gerais state, and one which straddles Goiás and Tocantins states, with seven mineral rights with the status of mining concession, five in the phase of request for mining concession, 15 in exploration permit and 3 in request for exploration permit. | |
| ● | Quartzite: 94 hectares (~233 acres), in one mineral right in Brazil in Minas Gerais state where we established a quartzite quarry. |
We believe the growing demand for critical minerals needed for clean energy, defense, and high-tech applications present significant long-term opportunities. Our goal is to become a leading company supplying critical minerals. We are in the early stages of exploration of our critical mineral portfolio and are working to advance our understanding of its potential.
The various critical minerals in our portfolio have various important applications. Rare earths are crucial for permanent magnets used in electric motors and wind turbines, and for semiconductor and defense applications. Graphite is a key component in lithium-ion batteries, while titanium has applications in aerospace and medical technologies.
Our exploration activities to date have included geological mapping, geochemical sampling, geophysical surveys, and limited exploratory drilling to identify potential mineralized zones within a few of our mineral rights. As we advance our understanding of these critical mineral properties, we may conduct extensive exploratory programs including drilling campaigns to identify and quantify mineral resources. Our exploration programs follow the accepted guidelines under Regulation S-K 1300.
We aim to create value through continued exploration, resource delineation, and potential development of these assets over time. By maintaining a diverse portfolio of critical minerals projects, our objective is to seek to position us as a significant player in the global critical minerals supply chain.
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Atlas Lithium Option Agreement
On December 19, 2024, we entered into the Option Agreement with Atlas Lithium. Pursuant to the Option Agreement, Atlas Lithium sold us the Option to purchase from Atlas Lithium 100% of the equity interest in Brazil Mineral Resources Corporation, a Republic of the Marshall Islands corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Atlas Lithium (“BMR”) (the acquisition of BMR’s equity, the “Equity Sale”). BMR’s primary assets consist of 60 mineral rights for copper, gold, graphite, nickel, rare earths, and titanium, all in Brazil. We paid the equivalent of $500,000 in shares of our common stock for the Option.
During the Option Term (as defined below), we may deliver to Atlas Lithium (i) a written notice (a “Preliminary Option Notice”) indicating that we propose to exercise the Option and (ii) a proposed form of Purchase Agreement (the “Initial Draft Agreement”). The parties thereto shall thereafter use their best efforts for the thirty-business day period following the date of Atlas Lithium’s receipt of the Initial Draft Agreement to finalize and execute a definitive purchase agreement, with terms and conditions customary for these types of transactions) and consummate the Equity Sale. In connection with the Option Exercise (as defined below), we shall pay to Atlas Lithium total consideration in the amount of $8,000,000 (the “Option Consideration”). At Atlas Lithium’s discretion, the Option Consideration shall be payable in either (i) cash; (ii) shares of our common stock valued at a fixed price of $7.519 per share; or (iii) a combination of cash and stock (the “Option Exercise”).
Following the Option Exercise, Atlas Lithium shall be entitled to a perpetual royalty of one point five percent (1.5%) of the gross revenues from any of the mineral rights owned by, or being formally transferred to, the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to the Option Agreement (the “Royalty”). The Royalty shall be subject to the terms and conditions of a royalty agreement to be mutually negotiated and entered into by and between the Company and Atlas Lithium on the date of the Company’s Option Exercise.
The Option is exercisable no earlier than the filing by the Company of a Form F-1 registration statement with the SEC, in connection with listing of the Company’s common stock on Nasdaq, which has occurred on September 15, 2025, and within 12 months thereafter (the “Option Term”). If the Company does not exercise the Option within the Option Term, the Option will automatically expire on the last day of the Option Term, unless the parties to this Agreement mutually agree to extend the Option Term in writing.
The Option Agreement contemplated the issuance by the Company to Atlas Lithium of shares of our common stock representing $500,000 in value within two business days of signing the Option Agreement (the “Effective Date”). Following the signing of the Option Agreement, the Effective Date for purposes of delivering the share consideration for entering into the Option Agreement, was implicitly waived by the parties and postponed to fiscal year 2025. Such understanding was subsequently reflected through the parties’ execution of a Waiver Agreement dated as of August 25, 2025 (the “Waiver Agreement”). As consideration for purchasing the Option, we issued Atlas Lithium 66,496 shares of our common stock, representing $500,000 divided by a value per share of $7.519.
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In the event the Option is exercised, BMR’s acquisition will be considered and accounted for as a transaction between entities under common control.
Primary Exploration Focus
Our primary exploration focus is on advancing our rare earths, titanium, and graphite projects to support the growing global demand for these critical minerals.
Critical Minerals and Geopolitical Background
The U.S. sits atop a vast and intricate supply chain, relying on scarce and strategically critical minerals for its economy and national security—yet it controls only a fraction of global reserves.
| ● | Limited Domestic Supply: The U.S. holds less than 2% of global reserves for rare earths, graphite, cobalt, and nickel. |
| ● | Economic Impact of Supply Disruptions: Rare earths drive $298 billion in economic activity, supporting 535,000 U.S. jobs and $33.3 billion in payroll. They also warn that disruptions could severely impact industries and quality of life. |
The First Trump Administration
| ● | 2020 Joint Action Plan with Canada: President Trump signed a Joint Action Plan with Canada to secure critical mineral supply chains, focusing on reducing reliance on foreign sources, particularly China. |
| ● | Energy Resource Governance Initiative (ERGI): The U.S. partnered with Australia and Botswana to promote transparent and sustainable mineral markets under the ERGI program. |
| ● | Energy Act of 2020: This legislation directed federal agencies to identify critical minerals and reduce barriers to mining and production. |
| ● | Executive Orders: Trump issued multiple executive orders addressing critical mineral vulnerabilities, including declaring a national emergency to expedite domestic mining and refining. |
The Biden Administration
| ● | Mineral Security Partnership (2024): The Biden administration launched this U.S.-led initiative with the EU and 13 other nations to finance critical mineral projects, counter China’s dominance, and enhance global cooperation. |
| ● | Executive Order 14017 (2021): Biden issued this order to assess U.S. supply chain vulnerabilities and implement over 70 actions to strengthen resilience in critical minerals, semiconductors, and other strategic sectors. |
| ● | Progress on Projects: Under the Mineral Security Partnership, approximately 32 projects were initiated across the supply chain, including 19 focused on upstream mining and extraction. |
The Second Trump Administration
In early 2025, bilateral trade tensions between the U.S. and China intensified, leading to substantial tariff increases. At their peak in April 2025, U.S. tariffs on Chinese imports reached 145% while China imposed 125% counter-tariffs on U.S. goods. Following negotiations in May 2025, both sides agreed to temporarily suspend imposition of tariffs. Subsequently, in November 2025, both sides agreed to further extend the suspension of the imposition of tariffs until November 2026 (the “November 2025 Trump-Xi Agreement”).
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China
On October 20, 2023, China announced export permit requirements for certain graphite products, effective December 1, 2023, in response to expanded U.S. semiconductor restrictions. Subsequently, in June 2024, the U.S. ended its tariff exemption on Chinese graphite anodes, reinstating the existing 25% tariff to encourage domestic production.
On April 4, 2025, China implemented export controls on seven medium and heavy rare earths — samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium, and yttrium - as part of its response to escalating U.S. tariffs. These controls require exporters to apply for licenses and submit end-user certifications. In October 2025, China expanded controls to additional elements. As part of the November 2025 Trump-Xi Agreement, China agreed to suspend these expanded export controls until November 2026.
Effective August 1, 2023, China imposed export licensing requirements on gallium and germanium. On December 3, 2024, China banned exports of these minerals to the United States. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, China produces more than 90% of global primary gallium and is the leading producer of refined germanium. As part of the November 2025 Trump-Xi Agreement, China agreed to issue general licenses allowing exports of gallium, germanium, and other critical minerals to U.S. end users.
Through strategic investments and export controls, China has demonstrated significant leverage over critical mineral supply chain — major challenge to U.S. economic and national security interests. The November 2025 Trump-Xi Agreement has provided temporary relief, with China agreeing to suspend export bans on gallium, germanium, antimony, graphite, and rare earths through general licensing for U.S. end users. However, this relief is contingent on ongoing negotiations and could be reversed if trade tensions re-escalate when the current truce expires in November 2026.
Rare Earths Elements
Overview
Rare earth elements, or simply “rare earths”, are a group of 17 chemically similar elements that include the 15 lanthanides, along with scandium and yttrium. These elements are not particularly rare in terms of abundance in the Earth’s crust; however, they are rarely found in economically exploitable concentrations. Rare earths are crucial for a variety of modern technologies due to their unique properties, which allow them to enhance the performance of materials and devices. They are used in the production of strong permanent magnets, phosphors for lighting and displays, catalysts in petroleum refining, and in various electronic devices, including smartphones and electric vehicles.
China is the dominant player in the global rare earths market, holding the largest reserves and controlling a significant portion of the processing capacity. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, China possesses approximately 44 million metric tons of rare earths reserves, which accounts for a substantial share of the world’s total. Other countries with notable reserves include Brazil, with 21 million metric tons; India, with 6.9 million metric tons; and Australia, with 5.7 million metric tons. Despite these reserves, many countries struggle to compete with China’s established supply chain and processing capabilities, which have been developed over decades. As a result, China has maintained a near-monopoly on the processing of rare earths, representing over 90% of the global supply. Rare earths have been on the list of minerals considered critical to the economic and national security of the United States since first published by the U.S. Department of the Interior on May 18, 2018.
The uses of rare earths are extensive and critical to various industries. In the renewable energy sector, rare earths are essential for manufacturing high-performance magnets used in wind turbines and electric vehicles. For instance, neodymium and dysprosium are key components in the production of strong permanent magnets that improve the efficiency and durability of these technologies. Additionally, rare earths are used in the production of catalysts for refining petroleum, which is vital for the energy sector, as well as in the manufacturing of advanced electronics, including smartphones, tablets, and televisions. The demand for these elements is expected to grow significantly as the world shifts towards cleaner energy solutions and advanced technologies.
Rare earths represent a critical component to the U.S. economy. As the U.S. aims to enhance its technological capabilities and reduce reliance on foreign sources, securing a stable supply of rare earths has become a national priority. The U.S. currently holds about 1.9 million metric tons of rare earths reserves, primarily located at the Mountain Pass mine in California. However, the country is heavily dependent on imports, with over 60% of its rare earths coming from China. This reliance poses significant risks, particularly in light of ongoing trade tensions and geopolitical challenges. The U.S. government has recognized the strategic importance of rare earths and is actively seeking to bolster domestic production and processing capabilities to ensure a resilient supply chain for critical minerals.
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Rare earths are vital to modern technology and renewable energy solutions, with China currently dominating the market in both reserves and processing. Other countries, such as Brazil and Australia, hold significant reserves but face challenges in competing with China’s established infrastructure. As the U.S. economy increasingly relies on advanced technologies, securing a stable supply of rare earths is essential for maintaining competitiveness and national security.
The 17 rare earths elements are (name / symbol / atomic number):
| 1. | Scandium (Sc): 21 | |
| 2. | Yttrium (Y): 39 | |
| 3. | Lanthanum (La): 57 | |
| 4. | Cerium (Ce): 58 | |
| 5. | Praseodymium (Pr): 59 | |
| 6. | Neodymium (Nd): 60 | |
| 7. | Promethium (Pm): 61 | |
| 8. | Samarium (Sm): 62 | |
| 9. | Europium (Eu): 63 | |
| 10. | Gadolinium (Gd): 64 | |
| 11. | Terbium (Tb): 65 | |
| 12. | Dysprosium (Dy): 66 | |
| 13. | Holmium (Ho): 67 | |
| 14. | Erbium (Er): 68 | |
| 15. | Thulium (Tm): 69 | |
| 16. | Ytterbium (Yb): 70 | |
| 17. | Lutetium (Lu): 71 |
Rare earths (“REEs”) are classified as “light” and “heavy” based on atomic number. Light REEs (“LREEs”) are comprised of lanthanum through samarium (atomic numbers 57 through 62), while heavy REEs (“HREEs”) are comprised of europium through lutetium (atomic numbers 63 through 71) and yttrium (atomic number 39), which has similar an ionic radius and chemical and physical attributes to the HREEs. HREEs tend to be less abundant and more expensive than LREEs.
Some rare earths have magnetic properties: Neodymium, Praseodymium, Dysprosium, and Terbium. Neodymium and praseodymium are key critical materials in the manufacturing of magnets that have the highest magnetic strength among commercially available magnets and enable high energy density and high energy efficiency in diverse uses. Dysprosium and terbium are key critical materials often added to the magnet alloys to increase the operating temperature.
In this report, rare earths are also presented in oxides according to the following grouping:
| ● | TREO (Total Rare Earths Oxides): CeO3 + La2O3 + Nd2O3 + Pr6O11 + Sm2O3 + Dy2O3 + Er2O3 + Eu2O3 + Gd2O3 + Ho2O3 + Lu2O3 + Tb4O7 + Tm2O3 + Y2O3 + Yb2O3 | |
| ● | MREO (Magnetic Rare Earths Oxides): Dy2O3 + Nd2O3 + Pr4O11 + Tb4O7 | |
| ● | HREO (Heavy Rare Earths Oxides): Dy2O3 + Er2O3 + Eu2O3 + Gd2O3 + Ho2O3 + Lu2O3 + Tb4O7 + Tm2O3 + Y2O3 + Yb2O3 | |
| ● | LREO (Light Rare Earths Oxide): CeO3 + La2O3 + Nd2O3 + Pr4O11 + Sm2O3 |
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Scandium, because it has a much smaller ionic radius than the REE Group, and promethium, due to analysis limitations, are not included in the TREO. The conversion from element to oxide group is as follows:
TREO = HREO + LREO
MREO = Dy_ppm*1.1477 + Nd_ppm*1.1664 + Pr_ppm*1.2081 + Tb_ppm*1.1761
HREO = Dy_ppm*1.1477 + Er_ppm*1.1435 + Eu_ppm*1.158 + Gd_ppm*1.1526 + Ho_ppm*1.1455 + Lu_ppm*1.1371 + Tb_ppm*1.1761 + Tm_ppm*1.1421 + Y_ppm*1.2699 + Yb_ppm*1.1386
LREO = Ce_ppm*1.1712 + La_ppm*1.1727 + Nd_ppm*1.1664 + Pr_ppm*1.2081 + Sm_ppm*1.1596
Some uses for other rare earths include:
| ● | Yttrium: Used in radar systems and superconductors. The U.S. is 100% import-dependent, with 94% from China. |
| ● | Neodymium: Critical for permanent magnets used in electric vehicles, wind turbines, and drones. China controls 70% of production. |
| ● | Terbium: Essential for lasers and sonar systems. China controls 90% of global supply. |
| ● | Dysprosium: Used in magnets for drones and wind turbines. China supplies 85% globally. |
Rare Earths in Brazil
Brazil has significant potential for rare earths, which are critical for various high-tech applications, including electric vehicles, renewable energy technologies, and advanced electronics. The country is believed to possess the second-largest reserves of rare earths globally, with estimates suggesting around 22 million tons of these valuable minerals. The Serra Verde project, Brazil’s first integrated rare earths mine, located in Goiás state, began operations recently and is expected to produce approximately 5,000 tons of rare earths oxides annually, focusing on essential elements like neodymium and praseodymium.
Despite these promising reserves, Brazil faces challenges in developing its rare earths industry, including low global prices for rare earths and the need for advanced processing technologies, which are currently dominated by a few players, primarily in China. However, the Brazilian government is actively supporting the sector, having allocated $195 million to finance important mineral projects, including rare earths, and is exploring recycling initiatives to enhance supply chain sustainability. With continued investment and strategic development, Brazil could emerge as a key player in the global rare earths market, potentially reducing reliance on Chinese supplies and strengthening its position in the international minerals landscape.
Our Rare Earths Effort
We hold approximately 53,692 acres of mineral rights for rare earths across two distinct projects: the Alto Paranaíba Project in Minas Gerais state and the Iporá Project in Goiás state, both described below. In the Alto Paranaíba Project, titanium, another critical mineral, occurs alongside rare earths. While management currently intends to exploit its material mineral rights that are the principal focus of our efforts, as more particularly set forth below, we possess additional mineral rights that we consider to be immaterial to our current development plan. Management intends to continue to evaluate such mineral rights with the objective to explore such mineral rights at such time as the Company’s business develops and economic conditions justify their further development and extraction. A further description of these mineral rights, including maps showing the locations, is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Form 20-F.
Titanium
Overview
Vital for aerospace (jet engines, airframes) and military applications (armor, missiles). The U.S. imports ~100% of titanium sponge, with China influencing 34% of global mineral production.
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Titanium is a lightweight, high-strength metal known for its exceptional corrosion resistance and ability to withstand extreme temperatures. It is primarily derived from minerals such as ilmenite (FeTiO3) and rutile (“TiO2”). Titanium’s unique properties make it an ideal material for various applications, particularly in the aerospace, automotive, medical, and construction industries. Its strength-to-weight ratio is superior to that of steel, making it a preferred choice for components that require both durability and reduced weight.
The global distribution of titanium reserves is concentrated in a few key countries. As of 2023, Australia and China are the largest holders of titanium reserves, with Australia possessing approximately 40 million metric tons of ilmenite and rutile combined, while China holds around 30 million metric tons. Other countries with significant titanium reserves include India, South Africa, and Canada, each contributing to the global supply of titanium minerals. Notably, Australia is also a major producer of titanium, with its operations primarily focused on ilmenite extraction, which is the most common source of titanium.
China plays a dominant role in the processing of titanium, controlling a significant portion of the global supply chain. The country is responsible for refining a large percentage of the world’s titanium, leveraging its extensive mining operations and processing facilities. This concentration of processing capacity raises concerns for other nations, particularly the United States, which relies on imported titanium for various applications. The U.S. has limited domestic production capabilities, making it vulnerable to supply chain disruptions.
Titanium is utilized in a wide range of applications due to its desirable properties. In the aerospace industry, titanium is used for manufacturing aircraft components, including airframes and engine parts, due to its lightweight and high strength. In the medical field, titanium is favored for implants and prosthetics because of its biocompatibility and resistance to corrosion. Additionally, titanium is used in the automotive industry for components that require high strength and low weight, contributing to fuel efficiency. The construction sector also employs titanium in various applications, including roofing and structural components, due to its durability and resistance to environmental degradation.
The importance of titanium to the U.S. economy is significant, particularly as the country seeks to enhance its technological capabilities and reduce reliance on foreign sources. The U.S. titanium market is projected to grow substantially, driven by increasing demand from the aerospace and defense sectors. In 2022, the global titanium market was valued at approximately $28.59 billion, with expectations to reach nearly $52 billion by 2030. This growth underscores the critical role titanium plays in supporting advanced manufacturing and technological innovation in the U.S.
In conclusion, titanium is a vital metal with significant reserves concentrated in a few countries, primarily Australia and China. Its diverse applications across various industries highlight its importance to the U.S. economy, particularly in aerospace and medical sectors. As the demand for titanium continues to rise, ensuring a stable supply chain and enhancing domestic production capabilities will be crucial for maintaining the U.S.’s competitive edge in technology and manufacturing. Titanium has been on the list of the 35 minerals considered critical to the economic and national security of the United States since it was first published by the U.S. Department of the Interior on May 18, 2018.
Titanium in Brazil
Brazil has significant potential for titanium production, particularly through its rich mineral resources and ongoing investments in the sector. The country is home to substantial reserves of titanium-bearing minerals, primarily ilmenite and rutile, which are essential for producing titanium dioxide (“TiO₂”) and titanium metal. Recent reports indicate that Brazil’s titanium production capacity is expected to increase, driven by projects such as Largo Resources’ Maracás Menchen Mine, which has substantial titanium reserves alongside vanadium. This mine is projected to produce approximately 6.89 million tons of contained TiO₂, highlighting Brazil’s potential to become a key player in the global titanium market.
Moreover, Brazil’s titanium market is poised for growth due to rising demand in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, and construction. The country’s strategic initiatives to enhance its mining capabilities and improve processing technologies are expected to attract foreign investment and foster partnerships with international companies. As the global demand for titanium continues to rise, particularly for applications in lightweight and high-strength materials, Brazil’s rich titanium resources could play a crucial role in meeting this demand and establishing the country as a significant supplier in the international market.
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Our Titanium Efforts
In our Alto Paranaíba Project, titanium is found alongside rare earths elements. We describe our initial titanium results in the section below titled “Alto Paranaíba Project.”
Alto Paranaíba Project – Rare Earths and Titanium Mineral Properties – Exploration Phase
The Alto Paranaíba Project encompasses mineral rights in the municipalities of Carmo do Paranaíba, Lagoa Formosa, Patos de Minas, Presidente Olegário, and Tiros in Minas Gerais state, distant approximately 350 km from Belo Horizonte, that state’s capital and where our primary office is located. The name “Alto Paranaíba” refers to the Paranaíba River that flows in the region.
The location where the Alto Paranaíba Project is inserted is a significant mineral province known for deposits of rare earths, titanium, phosphate, and other valuable minerals.
Rare earths and titanium mineralization in the Alto Paranaíba Project is associated with a Cretaceous geological unit, the Mata da Corda Group, which is positioned at the top of the region’s geological sequence, supporting flat hills with a 100-meter elevation difference. The Mata da Corda group is subdivided into the Patos Formation, which consists of volcanic rocks with a kamafugite, kimberlite and lamproite affinity (alkaline-ultramafic magmatism – with high P and K), and the Capacete Formation, which contains conglomerates and sandstones derived from the erosion of the Patos Formation.
With the highest known locally found rare earths grades, and hosted in clays, the Capacete Formation has been widely identified and mapped in our mineral rights of the Alto Paranaíba Project. Initial surface and auger drilling samples show zones of high grades for rare earths and titanium and geological mapping has shown high volume potential for such mineralization. In addition, these mineral rights are located near to or adjacent to Resouro Strategic Minerals Inc. (“Resouro”) and/or Equinox Resources Limited (“Equinox”), both of which are listed companies that have publicly disclosed the presence of significant concentrations of rare earths and titanium in their projects.
The project comprises a total of 21 mineral rights (16 owned mineral rights and 5 optionable mineral rights), totaling approximately 27,000 hectares and located near the cities of Patos de Minas (population: 159,235, according to a 2022 census), Carmo do Paranaíba (population: 29,011 according to a 2022 census) and Tiros (population: 6,424, according to a 2020 estimate).
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Figure 1 – Location of the Alto do Paranaíba Project.
The Alto Paranaíba Project is composed of the 16 mineral rights listed below.
| Project | Mineral Right Number | Area (size in hectares) | Mineral | Municipality | State, Country | |||||||
| Alto Paranaíba Project | 832.704/2024 | 1,162.97 | Rare Earths, Titanium | Presidente Olegário | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alto Paranaíba Project | 832.703/2024 | 1,603.72 | Rare Earths, Titanium | Presidente Olegário | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alto Paranaíba Project | 832.702/2024 | 1,612.16 | Rare Earths, Titanium | Presidente Olegário | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alto Paranaíba Project | 832.701/2024 | 1,999.55 | Rare Earths, Titanium | Lagoa Formosa, Patos de Minas | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alto Paranaíba Project | 832.699/2024 | 1,653.78 | Rare Earths, Titanium | Carmo do Paranaíba | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alto Paranaíba Project | 832.698/2024 | 1,913.86 | Rare Earths, Titanium | Carmo do Paranaíba | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alto Paranaíba Project | 831.645/2024 | 1,948.54 | Rare Earths, Titanium | Lagoa Formosa | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alto Paranaíba Project | 831.644/2024 | 376.67 | Rare Earths, Titanium | Patos de Minas | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alto Paranaíba Project | 831.643/2024 | 139.51 | Rare Earths, Titanium | Patos de Minas | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alto Paranaíba Project | 831.451/2024 | 1,675.27 | Rare Earths, Titanium | Tiros | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alto Paranaíba Project | 831.350/2024 | 346.43 | Rare Earths, Titanium | Tiros | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alto Paranaíba Project | 831.074/2024 | 1,375.93 | Rare Earths, Titanium | Tiros | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alto Paranaíba Project | 831.073/2024 | 1,368.01 | Rare Earths, Titanium | Tiros | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alto Paranaíba Project | 831.268/2021 | 1,725.49 | Rare Earths, Titanium | Tiros | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alto Paranaíba Project | 831.279/2019 | 270.70 | Rare Earths, Titanium | Tiros | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alto Paranaíba Project | 831.450/2024 | 1,987.34 | Rare Earths, Titanium | Tiros | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
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Our material rare earths and titanium mineral rights are further described below. A further description of the Company’s immaterial rare earths and titanium mineral rights, including maps showing the locations, is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Form 20-F.
Mineral Right 832.704/2024
Current Status: Exploration Permit, valid until January 8, 2028. We plan to prepare and file the necessary studies with ANM to continue to maintain ownership of this mineral right after the expiration date. Exploration activities have included geological mapping and surface sampling; 75 surface samples were collected which confirmed mineralization for both rare earths and titanium.
Mata da Corda Formation was mapped in 623 hectares, with a mean thickness of 80 meters. The surface samples collected along this group show results achieving a grade of 6,759 ppm TREO, 2,192 ppm MREO, and 12% TiO2 (SPJ-000069), in addition to 55 samples with 1,500 ppm < TREO < 6,759 ppm in different locations of the area indicating mineralization potential throughout the entire group.
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Figure 2 - Mineral Right 832.704/2024 - Geological and sample map.
| Sample ID | Mineral Right | X | Y | NAT_RL | Lithology | |||||||||||
| APPPA00267 | 832.704/2024 | 363745 | 7955580 | 969 | ||||||||||||
| SPJ-000047 | 832.704/2024 | 363879 | 7955516 | 994 | CON | |||||||||||
| SPJ-000057 | 832.704/2024 | 365801 | 7954773 | 979 | CON | |||||||||||
| SPJ-000059 | 832.704/2024 | 365757 | 7954812 | 974 | CON | |||||||||||
| SPJ-000064 | 832.704/2024 | 366363 | 7954706 | 982 | KAM | |||||||||||
| SPJ-000068 | 832.704/2024 | 366339 | 7954715 | 982 | KAM | |||||||||||
| SPJ-000069 | 832.704/2024 | 366321 | 7954762 | 1005 | KAM | |||||||||||
| Sample ID | HREO (ppm) | LREO (ppm) | MREO (ppm) | TREO (ppm) | TiO2 (%) | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00267 | 226 | 4,540 | 1,198 | 4,766 | 17.9 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-000047 | 171 | 4,181 | 1,129 | 4,352 | 13.4 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-000057 | 391 | 4,147 | 1,451 | 4,538 | 13.2 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-000059 | 302 | 4,416 | 1,226 | 4,717 | 14.5 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-000064 | 237 | 4,505 | 1,248 | 4,742 | 12.5 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-000068 | 347 | 4,439 | 1,421 | 4,786 | 5.8 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-000069 | 558 | 6,201 | 2,192 | 6,759 | 12.0 | |||||||||||||||
| Sample ID | Description | |
| APPPA00267 | Located on the top of a conical hill with a diameter of 8.0 meters and a height of 6.0 meters, with volcanic rock at the base and, at the top, red soil and saprolite of a sandstone, likely a sandstone cap. The material is purplish with yellow veins. | |
| SPJ-000047 | Matrix supported conglomerate, with brownish matrix, and clast composed of different volcanic rocks. | |
| SPJ-000057 | Matrix supported conglomerate with red matrix and clasts composed of different volcanic rocks. | |
| SPJ-000059 | Clast supported conglomerate with clasts composed of green volcanic rock and reddish matrix composed of mud. Very weathered. | |
| SPJ-000064 | Volcanic green rock. strongly weathered. | |
| SPJ-000068 | Volcanic green rock. strongly weathered. | |
| SPJ-000069 | Reddish and weathered volcanic rock. |
Table 1 – Mineral Right 832.704/2024 - Surface samples details. KAM: Kamafugite; CON: Conglomerate.
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Mineral Right 832.703/2024
Current Status: Exploration Permit, valid until January 8, 2028. We plan to prepare and file the necessary studies with ANM to continue to maintain ownership of this mineral right after the expiration date.
Exploration activities have included geological mapping, surface sampling, and auger drilling; 98 surface samples were collected; 3 auger drillholes, totaling 30.5 meters, resulted in 31 drillhole samples. Such sampling confirmed mineralization for rare earths and titanium.
Mata da Corda Formation was mapped in 1147 hectares, with a mean thickness of 70 meters. The surface samples collected along this group show results achieving a grade of 6,405 ppm TREO, 1,643 ppm MREO, and 19% TiO2 (SPJ-000008), in addition to 49 samples with 1,500 ppm < TREO < 6,405 ppm in different locations and elevations of the area indicating mineralization potential throughout the entire area.
Figure 3 - Mineral Right 832.703/2024 - Geological and sample map.
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Figure 4 - Mineral Right 832.703/2024 - Stratigraphic sections.
| Sample ID | Mineral Right | X | Y | NAT_RL | Lithology | |||||||||||
| APPPA00281 | 832.703/2024 | 354888 | 7958460 | 1011 | CON | |||||||||||
| APPPA00282 | 832.703/2024 | 355035 | 7958553 | 993 | KAM | |||||||||||
| APPPA00293 | 832.703/2024 | 356058 | 7959455 | 978 | KAM | |||||||||||
| APPPA00300 | 832.703/2024 | 356298 | 7960004 | 961 | RCO | |||||||||||
| APPPA00302 | 832.703/2024 | 356342 | 7960192 | 949 | CON | |||||||||||
| APPPA00324 | 832.703/2024 | 357507 | 7960430 | 985 | KAM | |||||||||||
| APPPA00325 | 832.703/2024 | 357525 | 7960553 | 964 | KAM | |||||||||||
| APPPA00331 | 832.703/2024 | 358408 | 7960957 | 978 | KAM | |||||||||||
| APPPA00334 | 832.703/2024 | 358164 | 7960914 | 968 | KAM | |||||||||||
| SPJ-000008 | 832.703/2024 | 358396 | 7960916 | 988 | KAM | |||||||||||
| SPJ-000014 | 832.703/2024 | 357539 | 7960422 | 989 | KAM | |||||||||||
| SPJ-000025 | 832.703/2024 | 355112 | 7958533 | 1005 | KAM | |||||||||||
| Sample ID | HREO (ppm) | LREO (ppm) | MREO (ppm) | TREO (ppm) | TiO2 (%) | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00281 | 218 | 3,344 | 871 | 3,562 | 10.9 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00282 | 390 | 2,542 | 737 | 2,932 | 8.5 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00293 | 467 | 2,724 | 740 | 3,191 | 11.3 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00300 | 229 | 2,796 | 736 | 3,025 | 11.3 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00302 | 257 | 2,123 | 574 | 2,381 | 9.7 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00324 | 1,199 | 2,250 | 654 | 3,449 | 9.8 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00325 | 269 | 3,214 | 952 | 3,483 | 10.1 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00331 | 730 | 2,804 | 730 | 3,534 | 10.8 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00334 | 192 | 3,035 | 787 | 3,227 | 8.3 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-000008 | 425 | 5,980 | 1643 | 6,405 | 18.6 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-000014 | 358 | 4,037 | 1162 | 4,395 | 9.4 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-000025 | 318 | 4,161 | 1116 | 4,479 | 11.7 | |||||||||||||||
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| Sample ID | HREO (ppm) | LREO (ppm) | MREO (ppm) | TREO (ppm) | TiO2 (%) | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00281 | 218 | 3,344 | 871 | 3,562 | 10.9 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00282 | 390 | 2,542 | 737 | 2,932 | 8.5 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00293 | 467 | 2,724 | 740 | 3,191 | 11.3 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00300 | 229 | 2,796 | 736 | 3,025 | 11.3 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00302 | 257 | 2,123 | 574 | 2,381 | 9.7 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00324 | 1,199 | 2,250 | 654 | 3,449 | 9.8 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00325 | 269 | 3,214 | 952 | 3,483 | 10.1 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00331 | 730 | 2,804 | 730 | 3,534 | 10.8 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00334 | 192 | 3,035 | 787 | 3,227 | 8.3 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-000008 | 425 | 5,980 | 1,643 | 6,405 | 18.6 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-000014 | 358 | 4,037 | 1,162 | 4,395 | 9.4 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-000025 | 318 | 4,161 | 1,116 | 4,479 | 11.7 | |||||||||||||||
Table 2 – Mineral Right 832.703/2024 – Surface samples details. RCO: Recent Cover; KAM: Kamafugite; CON: Conglomerate.
Auger drilling samples intercepted 30.5 meters of Mata da Corda group, with volcanic and volcanoclastic rocks intervals. With grades 1,100 ppm < TREO < 4,078 ppm and 6.3% < TiO2 < 15.5% occurring in all lithologies of the group. The chemical results indicate that mineralization is near the surface and occurs with a minimum thickness of 10 meters at different edges and elevations of the area, also suggesting the lateral continuity of mineralization within the Mata da Corda group. The 31 drillholes samples results in 832.703/2024 have an average of 2,314 ppm TREO, 522 ppm MREO and 11% TiO2. Among the highlights of the grades are the intervals:
| ● | DHPM-00003, FROM: 4.00 m TO: 4.50 m, PM-00034: 4,078 ppm TREO, 939 ppm MREO and 14.7% TiO2. | |
| ● | DHPM-00003, FROM: 3.00m TO: 4.00m, PM-00032: 3,844 ppm TREO, 900 ppm MREO and 14.3% TiO2. | |
| ● | DHPM-00002, FROM: 8.00m TO: 9.00m, PM-00026: 3,189 ppm TREO, 731 ppm MREO and 15.5% TiO2. |
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Figure 5 – Mineral Right 832703/2024 – Auger drillhole DHPM-00001 section and TREO and MREO grades.
| HOLE_ID | MINERAL RIGHT | SAMPLE_ID | FROM | TO | LENGTH | LITH | HREO (ppm) | LREO (ppm) | MREO (ppm) | TREO (ppm) | TiO2 (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00001 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00002 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | CGA | 157 | 2,471 | 604 | 2,628 | 10.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00001 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00003 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | CON | 184 | 2,125 | 522 | 2,310 | 9.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00001 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00004 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | CON | 188 | 2,039 | 503 | 2,227 | 9.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00001 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00005 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 | CON | 220 | 2,261 | 504 | 2,482 | 10.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00001 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00007 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 1.00 | CON | 135 | 1,144 | 281 | 1,279 | 8.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00001 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00008 | 5.00 | 6.00 | 1.00 | CON | 125 | 1,174 | 280 | 1,300 | 8.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00001 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00009 | 6.00 | 7.00 | 1.00 | CON | 117 | 1,202 | 287 | 1,319 | 8.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00001 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00010 | 7.00 | 8.00 | 1.00 | CON | 119 | 1,281 | 314 | 1,400 | 8.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00001 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00011 | 8.00 | 9.00 | 1.00 | CON | 119 | 1,437 | 356 | 1,555 | 9.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00001 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00013 | 9.00 | 10.00 | 1.00 | CON | 116 | 1,570 | 371 | 1,687 | 10.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00001 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00014 | 10.00 | 10.50 | 0.50 | CON | 98 | 1,080 | 267 | 1,179 | 9.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00002 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00016 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | CGA | 109 | 1,730 | 474 | 1,838 | 7.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00002 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00017 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | CON | 172 | 2,511 | 666 | 2,683 | 11.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00002 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00018 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 198 | 2,448 | 628 | 2,646 | 12.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00002 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00019 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 258 | 2,259 | 567 | 2,517 | 13.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00002 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00021 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 244 | 2,700 | 699 | 2,944 | 13.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00002 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00022 | 5.00 | 6.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 231 | 2,316 | 579 | 2,547 | 12.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00002 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00023 | 6.00 | 7.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 367 | 3,049 | 755 | 3,415 | 13.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00002 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00025 | 7.00 | 8.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 231 | 2,383 | 567 | 2,615 | 13.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00002 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00026 | 8.00 | 9.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 239 | 2,949 | 731 | 3,189 | 15.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00002 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00027 | 9.00 | 10.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 237 | 3,097 | 758 | 3,334 | 15.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00003 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00029 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | CON | 80 | 1,221 | 282 | 1,301 | 6.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00003 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00030 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | CON | 102 | 2,082 | 472 | 2,185 | 11.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00003 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00031 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | SHL | 167 | 3,336 | 799 | 3,503 | 13.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00003 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00032 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 | SHL | 182 | 3,662 | 900 | 3,844 | 14.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00003 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00034 | 4.00 | 4.50 | 0.50 | SHL | 226 | 3,852 | 939 | 4,078 | 14.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00003 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00035 | 4.50 | 6.00 | 1.50 | KAM | 132 | 1,904 | 468 | 2,036 | 10.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00003 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00036 | 6.00 | 7.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 122 | 1,998 | 466 | 2,120 | 10.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00003 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00037 | 7.00 | 8.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 117 | 1,775 | 400 | 1,892 | 9.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00003 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00038 | 8.00 | 9.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 105 | 1,841 | 410 | 1,945 | 9.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHPM-00003 | 831.703/2024 | PM-00040 | 9.00 | 10.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 111 | 1,616 | 336 | 1,727 | 9.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 35 |
Table 3 - Mineral Right 832.703/2024 – Auger drillhole sample; CON: CONGLOMERATE, KAM: KAMAFUGITE/VOLCANIC, CGA: LATERITIC SOIL, SHL: SHALE.
| MINERAL RIGHT | BLOCK | HREO (ppm) | LREO (ppm) | MREO (ppm) | TREO (ppm) | TiO2 (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| AVERAGE | 832.703/2024 | 2 | 168 | 2,146 | 522 | 2,314 | 11.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
Table 4 - Mineral Right 832.703/2024 – Average grade of auger drillhole samples per oxides.
| TRE - TOTAL RARE EARTHS (ppm) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MRE - MAGNETIC RARE EARTHS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nd | Pr | Dy | Tb | Ce | La | Sm | Er | Eu | Gd | Ho | Lu | Tm | Y | Yb | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AVERAGE | 329 | 95 | 18 | 4 | 881 | 478 | 48 | 6 | 12 | 31 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 62 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Table 5 – Mineral Right 832.703/2024 - Average grade of auger drillhole samples per element - block - Scandium (Sc) and Promethium (Pm) were not considered in the results above.
Mineral Right 832.702/2024
Current Status: Exploration Permit, valid until January 8, 2028. We plan to prepare and file the necessary studies with ANM to continue to maintain ownership of this mineral right after the expiration date. Exploration activities have included geological mapping and surface sampling; 30 surface samples were collected which confirmed mineralization for both rare earths and titanium.
Mata da Corda Formation was mapped in 283 hectares, with a mean thickness of 70 meters. The surface samples collected along this group show results achieving a grade of 4,587 ppm TREO, 1,191 ppm MREO, and 9% TiO2 (SPJ-000052), in addition to 16 samples with 1,500 ppm < TREO < 4,587 ppm in different locations of the area indicating mineralization potential throughout the entire group. Although it does not cover a large area, the Mata da Corda group of this mineral right is a continuation of mineral right 832.703/2024, which is the western boundary.
| 36 |
Figure 6 – Mineral Right 832.702/2024 – Geological and sample map.
Figure 7 – Mineral Right 832.702/2024 – Stratigraphic sections.
| Sample ID | Mineral Right | X | Y | NAT_RL | Lithology | |||||||||||
| APPPA00348 | 832.702/2024 | 360869 | 7956336 | 952 | KAM | |||||||||||
| SPJ-000052 | 832.702/2024 | 358742 | 7956695 | 1020 | KAM | |||||||||||
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| Sample ID | HREO (ppm) | LREO (ppm) | MREO (ppm) | TREO (ppm) | TiO2 (%) | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00348 | 184 | 3,653 | 957 | 3,836 | 16.4 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-000052 | 288 | 4,299 | 1191 | 4,587 | 9.1 | |||||||||||||||
| Sample ID | Description | |
| APPPA00348 | Located at the top of a typical Capacete Formation shaped hill. At the point, purplish soil/saprolite with whitish passages. | |
| SPJ-000052 | Volcanic rock with green matrix, vesiculae with with clay and little brown minerals. |
Table 6 – Mineral Right 832.702/2024 - Surface samples details. KAM: Kamafugite.
Mineral Right 832.701/2024
Current Status: Exploration Permit, valid until January 8, 2028. We plan to prepare and file the necessary studies with ANM to continue to maintain ownership of this mineral right after the termination date. Exploration activities have included geological mapping and surface sampling; 113 surface samples were collected which confirmed mineralization for both rare earths and titanium.
Mata da Corda Formation was mapped in 699 hectares, with a mean thickness of 110 meters. The surface samples collected in this group show results achieving a grade of 7,091 ppm TREO, 2,023 ppm MREO and 12% TiO2 (SPJ-00086), in addition to 58 samples with 1,500 ppm < TREO < 7,091 ppm in different locations of the area indicating mineralization potential throughout the entire group. Of the 113 surface samples.
Figure 8 – Mineral Right 832.701/2024 – Geological and sample map.
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| Sample ID | Mineral Right | X | Y | NAT_RL | Lithology | |||||||||||
| APPPA00198 | 832.701/2024 | 371610 | 7932303 | 959 | RCO | |||||||||||
| APPPA00204 | 832.701/2024 | 371097 | 7932850 | 1045 | RCO | |||||||||||
| APPPA00235 | 832.701/2024 | 373183 | 7930761 | 984 | KAM | |||||||||||
| APPPA00243 | 832.701/2024 | 369862 | 7929790 | 988 | KAM | |||||||||||
| APPPA00244 | 832.701/2024 | 370038 | 7929834 | 978 | KAM | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00086 | 832.701/2024 | 371080 | 7932856 | 1045 | CON | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00101 | 832.701/2024 | 371617 | 7931923 | 882 | RCO | |||||||||||
| Sample ID | HREO (ppm) | LREO (ppm) | MREO (ppm) | TREO (ppm) | TiO2 (%) | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00198 | 206 | 2,812 | 706 | 3,018 | 13.4 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00204 | 256 | 4,513 | 1,304 | 4,770 | 13.1 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00235 | 249 | 2,902 | 750 | 3,151 | 12.4 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00243 | 234 | 3,296 | 881 | 3,530 | 8.6 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00244 | 230 | 3,369 | 890 | 3,598 | 15.7 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00086 | 283 | 6,808 | 2023 | 7,091 | 11.9 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00101 | 223 | 2,798 | 684 | 3,021 | 13.4 | |||||||||||||||
| Sample ID | Description | |
| APPPA00198 | Located on an upper slope, a road cut 0.80 meters high exposes a reddish-brown, gravelly soil. | |
| APPPA00204 | At the same location, a sample was collected from a very fine, earthy material deposited at the base of the road cut | |
| APPPA00235 | Located on a steep slope. Point near the ‘contact’ with the volcanic rock underlying the red soil. To the south, we are ascending the topography and encountering red soil towards the summit. To the east and west, approximately 50 meters away, volcanic outcrops are visible. At the point, there is strong red soil with some gravel | |
| APPPA00243 | Located on a steep slope. Hilltop with reddish-brown soil, gravel, and conglomerate pebbles. This hill is surrounded by occurrences of volcanic rock. This situation was observed in other locations. | |
| APPPA00244 | Located on the hilltop, with volcanic rock at the base and yellowish, gravelly soil with conglomerate pebbles at the summit. Only the final 6-8 meters of the hilltop are of red soil. Yellowish saprolite resembling the Capacete Formation was observed | |
| SPJ-00086 | Clast supported conglomerate with clasts up to 4cm of volcanic rocks and whitish rocks. Matrix composed of green mud | |
| SPJ-00101 | Soil composed of reddish clay and some lateritic pebbles |
Table 7 – Mineral Right 832.701/2024 - Surface samples details. RCO: Recent Cover; KAM: Kamafugite; CON: Conglomerate.
| 39 |
Mineral Right 832.699/2024
Current Status: Exploration Permit, valid until January 8, 2028. We plan to prepare and file the necessary studies with ANM to continue to maintain ownership of this mineral right after the termination date.
Exploration activities have included geological mapping, surface sampling, and auger drilling. It has 91 surface samples, 3 auger drillholes, comprising 31.8 meters, and 31 drillhole samples.
Mata da Corda Formation was identified through geological mapping in 1,463 hectares, with a mean thickness of 115 meters. The surface samples collected along this group show results achieving a maximum grade of 5,984 ppm TREO, 1,700 ppm MREO and 15% TiO2, in addition to 61 samples with 1,500 ppm < TREO < 5,983 ppm in different locations of the area indicating mineralization potential throughout the entire group.
Figure 9 – Mineral Right 832.699/2024 – geological and sample map.
| 40 |
Figure 10 – Mineral Right 832.699/2024 – Stratigraphic sections.
| Sample ID | Mineral Right | X | Y | NAT_RL | Lithology | |||||||||||
| APPPA00127 | 832.699/2024 | 371305 | 7903410 | 1043 | KAM | |||||||||||
| APPPA00152 | 832.699/2024 | 369190 | 7903436 | 1054 | KAM | |||||||||||
| SCAG-000011 | 832.699/2024 | 370578 | 7900710 | 974 | CON | |||||||||||
| Sample ID | HREO (ppm) | LREO (ppm) | MREO (ppm) | TREO (ppm) | TiO2 (%) | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00127 | 1,380 | 2,646 | 784 | 4,026 | 11.1 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00152 | 647 | 5,337 | 1,700 | 5,984 | 14.8 | |||||||||||||||
| SCAG-000011 | 307 | 3,984 | 1,247 | 4,291 | 13.4 | |||||||||||||||
| Sample ID | Description | |
| APPPA00127 | Located on a mid-slope, the site shows initial signs of erosion. An outcrop of highly weathered volcanic bedrock, almost a saprolite, was observed. Above this, a 2.5 meter thick brownish soil layer is present. A sample was taken from the saprolite. | |
| APPPA00152 | Located in a 7 meter high erosion scarp on a steep slope. Purplish saprolite with whitish and yellowish streaks, exhibiting a Capacete Formation structure. | |
| SCAG-000011 | Well preserved outcrop of Capacete Formation. Reddish color and lots of magnetic clasts. |
| 41 |
Table 8 – Mineral Right 832.699/2024 – Surface samples details.
The auger drilling samples intercepted 31.8 meters of Mata da Corda Formation, with volcanic rock and conglomerate intervals. The results indicate that mineralization is near the surface and occurs with a minimum thickness of 10 meters at different edges and elevations of the area, also suggesting the lateral continuity of the mineralization within the Mata da Corda Formation. In addition, grades > 1,500 ppm TREO and 5.8% < TiO2 < 21.2% occur in both lithologies of the group, conglomerate and volcanic rocks. The 31 drillholes samples results have an average of 3,157 ppm TREO, 760 ppm MREO and 12.7% TiO2. In particular, the following results were obtained:
| ● | DHCA-00001, FROM: 6.00 m TO: 7.00 m, CA-00009: 5,529 ppm TREO, 1,154 ppm MREO and 13.8% TiO2. | |
| ● | DHCA-00001, FROM: 7.00m TO: 8.00m, CA-00011: 5,199 ppm TREO, 1,205 ppm MREO and 14.1% TiO2. | |
| ● | DHCA-00002, FROM: 7.00m TO: 7.63m, CA-00023: 4,580 ppm TREO, 1,077 ppm MREO and 21.2% TiO2. |
Figure 11 – Mineral Right 832.699/2024 – Sections of auger drilling with TREO and MREO grades.
| 42 |
| HOLE_ID | SAMPLE_ID | FROM | TO | LENGTH | LITH | HREO (ppm) | LREO (ppm) | MREO (ppm) | TREO (ppm) | TiO2 (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00001 | CA-00002 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | CGA | 111 | 1,918 | 482 | 2,029 | 9.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00001 | CA-00003 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 91 | 1,641 | 428 | 1,732 | 5.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00001 | CA-00004 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 182 | 3,095 | 829 | 3,277 | 12.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00001 | CA-00005 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 244 | 4,254 | 1,217 | 4,498 | 12.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00001 | CA-00007 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 221 | 3,315 | 940 | 3,536 | 14.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00001 | CA-00008 | 5.00 | 6.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 130 | 1,723 | 465 | 1,853 | 15.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00001 | CA-00009 | 6.00 | 7.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 379 | 5,150 | 1,154 | 5,529 | 13.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00001 | CA-00011 | 7.00 | 8.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 364 | 4,835 | 1,205 | 5,199 | 14.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00001 | CA-00012 | 8.00 | 9.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 326 | 3,256 | 892 | 3,582 | 15.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00001 | CA-00013 | 9.00 | 10.30 | 1.30 | KAM | 461 | 4,053 | 1,244 | 4,514 | 16.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00002 | CA-00015 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | CGA | 179 | 2,337 | 585 | 2,516 | 11.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00002 | CA-00016 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | CON | 229 | 2,760 | 696 | 2,989 | 13.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00002 | CA-00018 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | CON | 186 | 2,521 | 614 | 2,708 | 12.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00002 | CA-00019 | 3.00 | 3.92 | 0.92 | CON | 187 | 2,911 | 741 | 3,098 | 13.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00002 | CA-00020 | 3.92 | 5.00 | 1.08 | CON | 219 | 3,532 | 957 | 3,750 | 14.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00002 | CA-00021 | 5.00 | 6.00 | 1.00 | CON | 199 | 3,076 | 800 | 3,275 | 15.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00002 | CA-00022 | 6.00 | 7.00 | 1.00 | CON | 176 | 2,791 | 685 | 2,967 | 15.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00002 | CA-00023 | 7.00 | 7.63 | 0.63 | CON | 252 | 4,328 | 1,077 | 4,580 | 21.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00002 | CA-00024 | 7.63 | 9.00 | 1.37 | KAM | 232 | 3,179 | 790 | 3,411 | 15.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00002 | CA-00026 | 9.00 | 10.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 194 | 2,817 | 700 | 3,010 | 15.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00002 | CA-00027 | 10.00 | 11.50 | 1.50 | KAM | 168 | 2,412 | 586 | 2,580 | 12.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00003 | CA-00029 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 91 | 1,453 | 368 | 1,544 | 8.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00003 | CA-00030 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 115 | 1,701 | 432 | 1,817 | 10.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00003 | CA-00032 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 110 | 2,038 | 474 | 2,148 | 11.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00003 | CA-00033 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 188 | 3,374 | 859 | 3,562 | 12.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00003 | CA-00034 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 246 | 4,070 | 1,053 | 4,316 | 12.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00003 | CA-00035 | 5.00 | 6.00 | 1.00 | CON | 200 | 3,286 | 826 | 3,486 | 11.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00003 | CA-00036 | 6.00 | 7.00 | 1.00 | CON | 260 | 4,117 | 1,089 | 4,377 | 11.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00003 | CA-00037 | 7.00 | 8.00 | 1.00 | CON | 140 | 2,350 | 572 | 2,489 | 9.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00003 | CA-00038 | 8.00 | 9.00 | 1.00 | CON | 109 | 1,394 | 329 | 1,503 | 8.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHCA-00003 | CA-00039 | 9.00 | 10.00 | 1.00 | CON | 157 | 1,839 | 463 | 1,997 | 8.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Table 9 – Mineral Right 832.699/2024 – Auger drillhole sample of permit 832.699/2024. CON: CONGLOMERATE, KAM: KAMAFUGITE/VOLCANIC, CGA: LATERITIC SOIL.
| MINERAL RIGHT | BLOCK | HREO (ppm) | LREO (ppm) | MREO (ppm) | TREO (ppm) | TiO2 (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| AVERAGE | 832.699/2024 | 1 | 205 | 2,952 | 760 | 3,157 | 12.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
Table 10 - Mineral Right 832.699/2024 – Average grade of auger drillhole samples per oxides.
| TRE - TOTAL RARE EARTHS (ppm) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MRE - MAGNETIC RARE EARTHS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nd | Pr | Dy | Tb | Ce | La | Sm | Er | Eu | Gd | Ho | Lu | Tm | Y | Yb | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AVERAGE | 489 | 130 | 23 | 5 | 1,241 | 589 | 69 | 7 | 17 | 43 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 68 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Table 11 – Mineral Right 832.699/2024 – Average grade of auger drillhole samples per rare earths element.
| 43 |
Mineral Right 832.698/2024
Current Status: Exploration Permit, valid until May 12, 2028. We plan to prepare and file the necessary studies with ANM to continue to maintain ownership of this mineral right after the termination date. Exploration activities have included geological mapping and surface sampling; 151 surface samples were collected which confirmed mineralization for both rare earths and titanium.
Mata da Corda Formation was mapped in 794 hectares, with a mean thickness of 110 meters. The surface samples collected in the Formation include results such as 4,647 ppm TREO, 1,246 ppm MREO and 17% TiO2 (APPPA00111), in addition to 80 samples with 1,500 ppm < TREO < 4,647 ppm in different locations and elevations of the area indicating mineralization potential throughout the area.
Figure 12 – Mineral Right 832.698/2024 – Geological and sample map.
| 44 |
Figure 13 – Mineral Right 832.698/2024 - Stratigraphic sections.
| Sample ID | Mineral Right | X | Y | NAT_RL | Lithology | |||||||||||
| APPPA00014 | 832.698/2024 | 372919 | 7907352 | 1068 | RCO | |||||||||||
| APPPA00111 | 832.698/2024 | 374443 | 7906937 | 1070 | KAM | |||||||||||
| PCP-000012 | 832.698/2024 | 373872 | 7907431 | 1015 | KAM | |||||||||||
| SCP000034 | 832.698/2024 | 371362 | 7908698 | 942 | CON | |||||||||||
| Sample ID | HREO (ppm) | LREO (ppm) | MREO (ppm) | TREO (ppm) | TiO2 (%) | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00014 | 146 | 4,446 | 938 | 4,592 | 9.1 | |||||||||||||||
| APPPA00111 | 361 | 4,287 | 1,246 | 4,648 | 17.4 | |||||||||||||||
| PCP-000012 | 2,116 | 1,938 | 656 | 4,055 | 4.6 | |||||||||||||||
| SCP000034 | 1,134 | 2,908 | 817 | 4,043 | 8.5 | |||||||||||||||
| Sample ID | Description | |
| APPPA00014 | Sampled adjacent to APPPA00013. The soil is a reddish, gravelly material overlying saprolite. The soil layer is 2.5 meters thick, and the saprolite is 3.0 meters thick. | |
| APPPA00111 | Located in the southeastern portion of a previously sampled hill. Roadside cut approximately 2.0 meters high, exhibiting a matrix with a purplish color and whitish to yellowish clasts. | |
| PCP-000012 | Weathering profile with intense alteration. At the base there is tuffitic rock with beige matrix, angulose clasts of oxidized kamafugite, above the breccia is the kamafugite. There are veins of green material. There is silica cementation with clasts of kamafugite in the base, appearing to be a volcanic breccia. | |
| SCP000034 | Capacete conglomerate with matrix composed by sand and well-rounded clasts of pebbles and boulders of volcanic rocks. Its possible to see the contact with Areado Group below. SCP - 00034 (non-caulinized clasts). |
Table 12 – Mineral Right 832.698/2024 – Surface samples details. RCO: Recent Cover; KAM: Kamafugite; CON: Conglomerate.
| 45 |
Mineral Right 831.645/2024
Current Status: Exploration Permit, valid until November 6, 2027. We plan to prepare and file the necessary studies with ANM to continue to maintain ownership of this mineral right after the termination date. Exploration activities have included geological mapping, surface sampling, and auger drilling have been executed; 5 surface samples and 14 drillhole samples from two exploratory auger drill holes were collected. Such sampling confirmed mineralization for rare earths and titanium.
Mata da Corda Formation was mapped in 1004 hectares, with a mean thickness of 55 meters. The surface samples collected along this group show results achieving a grade of 1,052 ppm TREO, 175 ppm MREO, and 8.8% TiO2 (SFJ-00005). In addition, none of the surface samples show results above 1,500 ppm. Despite this, the occurrence of the Mata da Corda group is confirmed by two drillholes.
Figure 14 – Mineral Right 831.645/2024 – Geological and sample map.
| Sample ID | Mineral Right | X | Y | NAT_RL | Lithology | |||||||||||
| SFJ-00005 | 831.645/2024 | 348545 | 7927352 | 920 | RCO | |||||||||||
| SFJ-00001 | 831.645/2024 | 354315 | 7925571 | 874 | RCO | |||||||||||
| SFJ-00006 | 831.645/2024 | 348941 | 7927549 | 933 | RCO | |||||||||||
| SFJ-00002 | 831.645/2024 | 354315 | 7925571 | 874 | RCO | |||||||||||
| SFJ-00003 | 831.645/2024 | 354396 | 7925574 | 865 | SILT | |||||||||||
| Sample ID | HREO (ppm) | LREO (ppm) | MREO (ppm) | TREO (ppm) | TiO2 (%) | |||||||||||||||
| SFJ-00005 | 70 | 981 | 175 | 1,052 | 8.9 | |||||||||||||||
| SFJ-00001 | 74 | 687 | 117 | 761 | 6.2 | |||||||||||||||
| SFJ-00006 | 75 | 587 | 112 | 662 | 5.6 | |||||||||||||||
| SFJ-00002 | 88 | 502 | 135 | 590 | 3.3 | |||||||||||||||
| SFJ-00003 | 40 | 546 | 82 | 586 | 6.0 | |||||||||||||||
| 46 |
| Sample ID | Description | |
| SFJ-00005 | Reddish soil with clay-sized particles and some clasts of lateritic duricrust | |
| SFJ-00001 | Reddish soil with clay-sized particles and some clasts of lateritic duricrust | |
| SFJ-00006 | Reddish soil with clay-sized particles and some clasts of lateritic duricrust | |
| SFJ-00002 | Reddish soil with clay-sized particles and some clasts of lateritic duricrust | |
| SFJ-00003 | Whitish to reddish siltstone |
Table 13 – Mineral Right 831.645/2024 – Surface samples details. RCO: Recent Cover; SILT: Siltstone.
Auger Drilling performed in 2 drillholes, 10 meters each. The DHLF-00001 hit Mata da Corda group in all intervals, while the DHLF-00002 hit Mata da Corda group in the first 2 meters and Areado group in the last 8 meters. In total, the drillhole samples intercepted 12 meters of Mata da Corda group, with volcanic rock and conglomerate intervals, and 2 meters of soil in each drillhole. The results of the Auger drilling samples indicate that mineralization is near the surface and occurs with a minimum thickness of 10 meters. In addition, grades 509 ppm < TREO < 3,595 ppm and 1.7% < TiO2 < 15.8% occurs in soils, conglomerate, volcanic rock and shale of Areado group. The low TREO and TiO2 values correspond to samples from the Areado group. The 14 drillhole samples results in 831.645/2024 have an average of 2,309 ppm TREO, 539 ppm MREO and 9.2% TiO2. Among the highlights of the grades are the intervals:
| ● | DHLF-00001, FROM: 6.00 m TO: 7.00 m, LF-00009: 3,595 ppm TREO, 830 ppm MREO and 14.8% TiO2. | |
| ● | DHLF-00001, FROM: 8.00 m TO: 9.00 m, LF-00011: 3,213 ppm TREO, 718 ppm MREO and 15.9% TiO2. |
| MINERAL RIGHT | BLOCK | HREO (ppm) | LREO (ppm) | MREO (ppm) | TREO (ppm) | TiO2 (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| AVERAGE | 831.645/2024 | 2 | 160 | 2,149 | 539 | 2,309 | 9.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Table 14 – Mineral Right 831.645/2024 – Average grade of auger drillhole samples per oxides.
| TRE - TOTAL RARE EARTHS (ppm) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MRE - MAGNETIC RARE EARTHS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nd | Pr | Dy | Tb | Ce | La | Sm | Er | Eu | Gd | Ho | Lu | Tm | Y | Yb | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AVERAGE | 343 | 95 | 17 | 3 | 883 | 463 | 50 | 6 | 13 | 31 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Table 15 – Mineral Right 831.645/2024 - Average grade of auger drillhole samples of permit 831.645/2024 per element - block - Scandium (Sc) and Promethium (Pm) were not considered in the results above.
| HOLE_ID | MINERAL RIGHT | SAMPLE_ID | FROM | TO | LENGTH | LITH | HREO (ppm) | LREO (ppm) | MREO (ppm) | TREO (ppm) | TiO2 (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHLF-00001 | 831.645/2024 | LF-00002 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | CGA | 100 | 1,442 | 358 | 1,542 | 5.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHLF-00001 | 831.645/2024 | LF-00003 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | CGA | 107 | 1,580 | 388 | 1,687 | 6.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHLF-00001 | 831.645/2024 | LF-00004 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | CON | 145 | 2,297 | 585 | 2,442 | 9.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHLF-00001 | 831.645/2024 | LF-00005 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 | CON | 215 | 2,856 | 757 | 3,071 | 11.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHLF-00001 | 831.645/2024 | LF-00007 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 1.00 | SHL | 237 | 2,775 | 714 | 3,011 | 11.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHLF-00001 | 831.645/2024 | LF-00008 | 5.00 | 6.00 | 1.00 | SHL | 215 | 3,187 | 758 | 3,402 | 14.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHLF-00001 | 831.645/2024 | LF-00009 | 6.00 | 7.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 193 | 3,402 | 830 | 3,595 | 14.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHLF-00001 | 831.645/2024 | LF-00010 | 7.00 | 8.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 186 | 3,174 | 747 | 3,361 | 14.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHLF-00001 | 831.645/2024 | LF-00011 | 8.00 | 9.00 | 1.00 | KAM | 170 | 3,042 | 718 | 3,213 | 15.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHLF-00001 | 831.645/2024 | LF-00013 | 9.00 | 10.00 | 1.00 | SHL | 209 | 1,960 | 515 | 2,169 | 7.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHLF-00002 | 831.645/2024 | LF-00015 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | CGA | 107 | 1,589 | 400 | 1,696 | 6.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHLF-00002 | 831.645/2024 | LF-00016 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | CGA | 127 | 1,681 | 432 | 1,808 | 6.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHLF-00002 | 831.645/2024 | LF-00017 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | SHL | 121 | 704 | 216 | 825 | 3.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DHLF-00002 | 831.645/2024 | LF-00018 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 | SHL | 108 | 401 | 122 | 509 | 1.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Table 16 – Mineral Right 831.645/2024 - Auger drillhole sample of permit 831.645/2024. CON: CONGLOMERATE, KAM: KAMAFUGITE/VOLCANIC, CGA: LATERITIC SOIL, SHL: SHALE/SILTSTONE.
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Mineral Right 831.644/2024
Current Status: Exploration Permit, valid until November 14, 2027. We plan to prepare and file the necessary studies with ANM to continue to maintain ownership of this mineral right after the termination date.
Exploration activities have included geological mapping and surface sampling; three surface samples were collected which showed mineralization for both rare earths and titanium.
Mata da Corda Formation was mapped in 374 hectares, with an estimated maximum thickness of 190 meters, estimated by lateral correlation with next areas, for example 832.701/2024. The lack of outcrops makes it difficult to determine the average thickness. Results of surface samples collected throughout this mineral right are pending.
Figure 15 – Mineral Right 831.644/2024 – Geological and sample map.
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| Sample ID | Mineral Right | X | Y | NAT_RL | Lithology | |||||||||||||
| SPJ-00143 | 831.644/2024 | 364138 | 7940635 | 1049 | RCO | |||||||||||||
| SPJ-00144 | 831.644/2024 | 363924 | 7941068 | 1084 | RCO | |||||||||||||
| SPJ-00145 | 831.644/2024 | 363325 | 7941611 | 1053 | RCO | |||||||||||||
| Sample ID | HREO (ppm) | LREO (ppm) | MREO (ppm) | TREO (ppm) | TiO2 (%) | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00143 | 65 | 859 | 178 | 924 | 5.8 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00144 | 63 | 643 | 130 | 705 | 6.4 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00145 | 62 | 1,126 | 265 | 1,188 | 5.3 | |||||||||||||||
| Sample ID | Description | |
| SPJ-00143 | Reddish soil with clay-sized particles. | |
| SPJ-00144 | Reddish soil with clay-sized particles. | |
| SPJ-00145 | Well preserved outcrop of reddish soil with clay-sized particles. |
Table 17 – Mineral Right 831.644/2024 – Surface samples details. RCO: Recent Cover.
Mineral Right 831.643/2024
Current Status: Exploration Permit, valid until November 14, 2027. We plan to prepare and file the necessary studies with ANM to continue to maintain ownership of this mineral right after the termination date.
Exploration activities included geological mapping and surface sampling. 19 surface samples were collected and results are pending.
Mata da Corda Formation was mapped in 93 hectares, with an estimated maximum thickness of 80 meters.
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Figure 16 - Mineral Right 831.643/2024 - Geological and sample map.
| Sample ID | Mineral Right | X | Y | NAT_RL | Lithology | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00124 | 831.643/2024 | 370202 | 7931154 | 857 | CON | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00125 | 831.643/2024 | 352977 | 7945176 | 865 | RCO | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00126 | 831.643/2024 | 352967 | 7945212 | 867 | CON | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00127 | 831.643/2024 | 352951 | 7945056 | 861 | RCO | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00128 | 831.643/2024 | 352974 | 7945069 | 864 | KAM | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00129 | 831.643/2024 | 353017 | 7945067 | 870 | KAM | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00130 | 831.643/2024 | 353031 | 7945075 | 868 | CON | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00131 | 831.643/2024 | 353029 | 7945068 | 860 | CON | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00132 | 831.643/2024 | 353119 | 7945100 | 873 | CON | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00133 | 831.643/2024 | 353143 | 7945107 | 876 | CON | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00134 | 831.643/2024 | 353323 | 7945140 | 881 | CON | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00135 | 831.643/2024 | 353426 | 7945156 | 883 | RCO | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00136 | 831.643/2024 | 352845 | 7944927 | 854 | RCO | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00137 | 831.643/2024 | 354696 | 7945472 | 900 | CON | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00138 | 831.643/2024 | 354690 | 7945470 | 905 | CON | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00139 | 831.643/2024 | 354901 | 7945370 | 929 | KAM | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00140 | 831.643/2024 | 355052 | 7945158 | 933 | RCO | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00141 | 831.643/2024 | 353917 | 7945414 | 891 | RCO | |||||||||||
| SPJ-00142 | 831.643/2024 | 353936 | 7945508 | 913 | RCO | |||||||||||
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| Sample ID | HREO (ppm) | LREO (ppm) | MREO (ppm) | TREO (ppm) | TiO2 (%) | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00124 | 104 | 1,645 | 382 | 1,749 | 9.6 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00125 | 145 | 1,898 | 449 | 2,043 | 10.3 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00126 | 129 | 1,620 | 384 | 1,748 | 12.5 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00127 | 192 | 2,710 | 642 | 2,901 | 16.1 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00128 | 106 | 786 | 190 | 892 | 7.4 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00129 | 106 | 1,623 | 383 | 1,730 | 7.6 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00130 | 172 | 2,173 | 522 | 2,345 | 11.2 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00131 | 80 | 1,090 | 255 | 1,170 | 7.4 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00132 | 89 | 995 | 235 | 1,084 | 7,0 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00133 | 115 | 1,510 | 358 | 1,624 | 10.3 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00134 | 99 | 869 | 199 | 969 | 7.7 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00135 | 180 | 2,471 | 584 | 2,650 | 14.7 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00136 | 171 | 2,329 | 564 | 2,500 | 13.5 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00137 | 141 | 1,477 | 366 | 1,617 | 8.9 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00138 | 163 | 2,017 | 494 | 2,180 | 9.5 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00139 | 208 | 2,968 | 721 | 3,176 | 15.4 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00140 | 173 | 2,475 | 597 | 2,649 | 13.4 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00141 | 196 | 2,543 | 607 | 2,739 | 15.3 | |||||||||||||||
| SPJ-00142 | 215 | 2,813 | 699 | 3,029 | 14.7 | |||||||||||||||
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| Sample ID | Description | |
| SPJ-00124 | Clast-supported conglomerate with clasts about 4 cm in size, composed of green volcanic rock and another whitish aphanitic rock. The matrix is composed of green mud | |
| SPJ-00125 | Reddish soil with clay-sized particles. | |
| SPJ-00126 | Clast-supported conglomerate with clasts about 4 cm in size, composed of green volcanic rock and another whitish aphanitic rock. The matrix is composed of green mud | |
| SPJ-00127 | Reddish soil with clay-sized particles | |
| SPJ-00128 | Volcanic rock with a greenish matrix and amygdales and vesicles filled with kaolinite | |
| SPJ-00129 | Volcanic rock with a greenish matrix and amygdales and vesicles filled with kaolinite | |
| SPJ-00130 | Clast-supported conglomerate with clasts about 4 cm in size, composed of green volcanic rock and another whitish aphanitic rock. The matrix is composed of green mud | |
| SPJ-00131 | Clast-supported conglomerate with clasts about 4 cm in size, composed of green volcanic rock and another whitish aphanitic rock. The matrix is composed of green mud | |
| SPJ-00132 | Clast-supported conglomerate with clasts about 4 cm in size, composed of green volcanic rock and another whitish aphanitic rock. The matrix is composed of green mud | |
| SPJ-00133 | Clast-supported conglomerate with clasts about 4 cm in size, composed of green volcanic rock and another whitish aphanitic rock. The matrix is composed of green mud | |
| SPJ-00134 | Clast-supported conglomerate with clasts about 4 cm in size, composed of green volcanic rock and another whitish aphanitic rock. The matrix is composed of green mud | |
| SPJ-00135 | Reddish soil with clay-sized particles | |
| SPJ-00136 | Reddish soil with clay-sized particles | |
| SPJ-00137 | Clast-supported conglomerate with clasts about 4 cm in size, composed of green volcanic rock and another whitish aphanitic rock. The matrix is composed of green mud | |
| SPJ-00138 | Clast-supported conglomerate with clasts about 4 cm in size, composed of green volcanic rock and another whitish aphanitic rock. The matrix is composed of green mud | |
| SPJ-00139 | Volcanic rock with a greenish matrix and amygdales and vesicles filled with kaolinite | |
| SPJ-00140 | Reddish soil with clay-sized particles | |
| SPJ-00141 | Reddish soil with clay-sized particles | |
| SPJ-00142 | Reddish soil with clay-sized particles |
Table 18 – Mineral Right 831.643/2024 - Surface samples details. RCO: Recent Cover; KAM: Kamafugite; CON: Conglomerate.
Geological mapping and surface sampling have been executed; 19 surface samples were collected and confirmed mineralization for both rare earths and titanium.
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Expected Costs for Planned Exploration
Phase 1
For the next phase of exploration, the work has been planned to seek synergies among the mineral rights areas, enabling proximity assessments and shared use of resources such as management teams, field supervision, and the necessary infrastructure to carry out the activities, as well as for service providers. The implementation will be divided into three phases.
In this first phase, the next steps will address mineral rights numbers 832.699/2024 and 832.698/2024, which are part of Block 1. The planned activities are described below:
● The work will begin with a geophysical magnetometric survey (drone MAG), aerophotogrammetry, and detailed topographic surveying using Lidar, with an estimated cost of US$ 65,000.
● In addition, the program will include a 4,000-meter drilling campaign, supported by the implementation of all necessary infrastructure for a complete sample management and quality control chain. This will encompass chemical analyses, proper sample storage in a dedicated facility, and the application of rigorous QA/QC protocols. The estimated cost for this phase is US$ 960,000.
● Our team which will be responsible for managing and supervising field such activities has an estimated cost of US$ 235,000.00.
● Metallurgical testing and the cost of preparing the Regulation S-K 1300 compliant technical report summary has an estimated cost of US$ 210,000.
● Contingency and other small items have an estimated cost of US$ 80,000.
Totaling the above items, an estimated cost of US$ 1,550,000 is reached to obtain the data and generate a Regulation S-K 1300 compliant technical report summary.
Phase 2
The second phase will subsequently focus on mineral rights 832.704/2024, 832.703/2024, and 832.702/2024, all of them part of Block 2. Located in the northernmost portion of the project area, these tenements will undergo the same set of activities previously described, as detailed below:
● The work will begin with a geophysical magnetometric survey (drone MAG), aerophotogrammetry, and detailed topographic surveying using Lidar, with an estimated cost of US$ 76,000.
● In addition, the program will include a 4,900-meter drilling campaign, supported by the implementation of all necessary infrastructure for a complete sample management and quality control chain. This will encompass chemical analyses, proper sample storage in a dedicated facility, and the application of rigorous QA/QC protocols. The estimated cost for this phase is US$ 1,175,000.
● Our team which will be responsible for managing and supervising such field activities has an estimated cost of US$ 290,000.
● Metallurgical testing and the cost of preparing the Regulation S-K 1300 compliant technical report summary has an estimated cost of US$ 230,000.
● Contingencies and other small items have an estimated cost of US$ 90,000.
Totaling the above items, an estimated cost of US$ 1,861,000 is reached to obtain the data and generate the Regulation S-K 1300 compliant technical report summary.
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Phase 3
In the third and final planned stage of the material property exploration plan, the focus will be on mineral rights 832.701/2024, 831.645/2024, and 831.643/2024, which are part of Block 2. These tenements are located in the southern portion of the block. The same exploration activities previously described will be implemented in this area, as outlined below:
● The work will begin with a geophysical magnetometric survey (drone MAG), aerophotogrammetry, and detailed topographic surveying using Lidar, with an estimated cost of US$ 71,000.
● In addition, the program will include a 4,100-meter drilling campaign, supported by the implementation of all necessary infrastructure for a complete sample management and quality control chain. This will encompass chemical analyses, proper sample storage in a dedicated facility, and the application of rigorous QA/QC protocols. The estimated cost for this phase is US$ 1,100,000.
● Our team which will be responsible for managing and supervising such field activities has an estimated cost of US$ 270,000.00.
● Metallurgical testing and the cost of preparing the S-K 1300 compliant technical report summary has an estimated cost of US$ 225,000.
● Contingencies and other small items have an estimated cost of US$ 80,000.
Totaling the above items, an estimated cost of US$ 1,746,000 is reached to obtain the data and generate the Regulation S-K 1300 compliant technical report summary.
Figure 18 - Alto Paranaíba Project mineral rights.
For purposes of geological exploration, these mineral rights have been divided into three blocks: (i) Block 1 – Carmo do Paranaíba; (ii) Block 2 – Patos de Minas; and (iii) Block 3 – Tiros.
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Figure 19 - Alto Paranaíba Project mineral rights included in Block 1, Block 2, and Block 3.
Exploration Activities
Our geology team, under the supervision of a Qualified Person under Regulation S-K 1300 for rare earths and titanium, has been performing several mineral research activities, including the following:
| ● | Compilation of public data: GIS database containing mainly lithologies, geophysics, public mapping data and information from neighboring competitors, such as the base elevation of the Mata da Corda Group. It also includes the ALOS PALSAR digital elevation model (12.5 m) for topography. |
| ● | Estimation of tonnage potential: Expedited cubing performed for the areas of greatest interest based on public data. Density used 1.8 g/cm³. The result includes recent coverage that overlaps the Mata da Corda Group. |
| ● | First-Step Reconnaissance: Rapid geological reconnaissance performed targeting the main outcrops that occur in the area and identification of units. Rock sampling is performed in parallel (chip sampling). |
| ● | Detailed Mapping: Semi-detailed geological mapping with identification and description of outcrops that represent the entire unit of interest in the area. The base, thickness and continuity or lateral variation of the layers are also identified. Focuses on identifying the main facies and distribution of the Mata da Corda group. It is also accompanied by rock sampling (chip sample). |
| ● | Lidar: by drone flight, for high-detail topography (50cm precision). |
| ● | Geophysics: Aeromag and terrestrial Gamma have been used so far, using publicly available regional geophysical maps (Figure 20 and Figure 21). |
| ● | Auger Drilling (AD): Performed with our own equipment, it is capable of drilling an average depth of 20 meters; useful for exploratory holes and large sample production. |
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Figure 20 – Two publicly available magnetometry maps: analytical signal and vertical derivative.
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Figure 21 – Ternary maps of radiometry and total magnetometry intensity.
Surface Sampling
We have carried out a soil sampling campaign, with 213 samples collected, and several strong results such as approximately 16,000 ppm of Total Rare-Earth Oxides (“TREO”) and 20% of TiO2 in our mineral right 831.268/2021.
We also carried out an auger drilling survey in two mineral rights of Block 3 (831.277/2019 and 831.278/2019), both of which are part of the Option. Five exploration drillholes, summing 62 drilled meters, intercepted Capacete Formation.
Mineral rights located in Block 2 show TREO > 1,500 ppm, reaching at times up to 7,000 ppm, and 8% < TiO2 <12% and including readings of TiO2 > 12% for some samples. In all such mineral rights the presence of Capacete Formation has been mapped, and in some places, it is up to 70 meters thick.
Block 3 also shows high grade locations, including samples which show TREO > 4,000 ppm and TiO2 > 20%.
High levels of TREO and TiO2 were obtained through an extensive whole rock sampling campaign (Figure 22), totaling 809 samples of soil, conglomerates, aphanitic porphyritic volcanic rocks, sandstones, mudstones, lateritic canga, among others. Among the 809 samples analyzed, 608 samples resulted in levels above 1,000 ppm of TREO, of which 121 resulted in levels above 3,000 ppm of TREO and 700 ppm of MREO. Of the total samples, 205 obtained TiO2 above 10%, while 27 obtained levels above 15%. In general, analytical results with high TREO and TiO2 contents were obtained, with some Block 3 contents being exceptional (TREO > 10,000 ppm, for example). While the sample with the highest content in Block 1 resulted in 5,894 ppm TREO, the areas of Block 2 demonstrate 3 samples with contents above 6,000 ppm TREO. Blocks 1 and 2 present similar results when comparing the content averages (TREO, TiO2 and MREO), with Block 1 presenting slightly higher averages (Table 19).
| Block 1 – Surface | Block 2 – Surface | |||||||
| Average TREO (ppm) | 1,928 | 1,735 | ||||||
| Average TiO2 (%) | 9 | 8 | ||||||
| Average MREO (ppm) | 451 | 402 | ||||||
Table 19 – Average contents in surface samples in Blocks 1 and 2.
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The samples from Blocks 1 and 2, as well as the high grades, are well distributed throughout the occurrence of the Mata da Corda Group within these areas, indicating lateral continuity for the mineralization of the unit. These samples reflect the occurrence of outcrops, which mostly occur in the slope region, so the plateau region has a smaller number of samples or even lower grades.
Figure 22 – Top whole rock sample results in the Alto Paranaíba Project.
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Block 1
Our mineral rights of Block 1 (832.698/2024 and 832.699/2024) have profiles with large thicknesses (~110 meters) of outcropping Capacete Formation (Figure 23 and Figure 24), potentially being a type of deposit similar to that of Resouro. The Mata da Corda Group occurs from elevations of 945m to 1050m, with a lateritic cover, suggestive of alteration of the Mata da Corda, overlapping the formation from 1050m to 1100m (Figure 25). The volcanic rocks present magnetism, mostly with an aphanitic texture, locally porphyritic or with amygdalae. Volcanic breccias also occur. The Capacete conglomerate has strong magnetism, is mostly polymictic (clasts of various types) and supported by the matrix, composed of green or reddish clay (Figure 26).
Detailed mapping observed intercalations of volcanic rock (“Patos Formation”) with sedimentary rock, with laterally restricted continuities. Sampling showed high levels of TREO and TiO2 in samples dispersed in the areas and at different topographic elevations. Significant levels of magnetic rare earths oxides (“MREO”) are also found in the areas (Figure 24).
Figure 23 – Block 1 representative TREO and TiO2 sample grades.
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Figure 24 – Block 1 representative MREO sample grades.
Figure 25 – Block 1 stratigraphic profiles, showing thick layers of conglomerates from the Capacete Formation and the Patos Formation.
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Figure 26 – Conglomerates of the Capacete Formation in Block 1, clast-supported facies and matrix-supported facies.
Block 2
In the mineral rights of Block 2, the Mata da Corda Group occurs over a wide area (Figure 27) and with thicknesses of up to 80 meters, outcropping from 940m to 1020m, with layers of conglomerates of the Capacete Formation up to 25m thick intercalated with layers of volcanic rock of the Patos Formation (Profiles 2). The lateritic cover in block 2 reaches 50 meters and in some places presents imbricated clasts, systematic granulometric variation and “clasts” with preserved igneous textures (e.g. porphyritic), suggesting that the cover is the product of alteration of the Capacete Formation in these places.
Sampling showed high levels of TREO and TiO2 distributed vertically and laterally along the Mata da Corda mapped in the areas (Figure 27). MREO levels are also promising levels (Figure 28).
In general, Patos and Capacete Formations appear in alternating layers with a very close distribution to each other (Figure 29). The Patos Formation presents varied textures: aphanitic, porphyritic (brown phenocrysts), with white amygdalae (possibly zeolites) and sometimes brecciated. In most cases, the volcanic rocks outcrop with advanced weathering, occurring in a friable state or even completely transformed into clay. The magnetism of these rocks, although present, is not as intense as in their sedimentary products. The Capacete Formation, for the most part, presents clast-supported conglomerates that vary between monomictic (only one type of clast) and polymictic, with a matrix composed of greenish clay and sometimes white in color. The clasts are predominantly composed of greenish aphanitic volcanic rocks and some brown and white mineral phases (Figure 30 and Figure 31).
Figure 27 – Geological Map of Block 2 with location of profiles and best TREO and TiO2 contents.
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Figure 28 – Geology and MREO contents for samples from Block 2, showing the lateral continuity of the high MREO content layer.
Figure 29 – Stratigraphic profiles of Block 2, demonstrating intercalations of volcanic rock and conglomerates.
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Figure 30 – Conglomerates of the Capacete Formation in Block 2, clast-supported facies and matrix-supported facies.
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Figure 31 – Samples of volcanic rock demonstrating aphanitic texture and outcrop of purple volcanic rock demonstrating vesicles filled with white clays, both classified in the literature as kamafugites.
Block 3 presents very high TREO contents, such as 10,000 < TREO < 28,000 ppm, but the occurrence dimensions of the Mata da Corda Group are restricted, since the mineral rights do not show many areas with elevations higher than 960 meters, the base level of the Mata da Corda in the region (Figure 32).
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At some spots is possible to identify magnetic sandstones with high grades of TREO, as in permit 831.268/2021 – Northwest Tiros Block. Probably these grades above 960 meters baselevel can relate to intrusion mechanisms or sedimentary/volcanic interactions.
Figure 32 – Grade map of Block 3.
Geological mapping in areas 831.277/2019 and 831.278/2019 shows that Mata da Corda occurs above 960 meters, with the Capacete formation predominating, with mainly supported matrix and polymictic conglomerates. A total of five auger holes were drilled in these mineral rights. All of these holes were positive, intercepting rocks of the Capacete formation with advanced weathering. The holes presented attractive average contents:
| ● | Average TREO: 4,906 ppm |
| ● | Average TiO2: 12 % |
| ● | Average MREO: 1,352 ppm |
A schematic representation of three of the auger drill holes and some of their results is in Figure 33.
The average of surface samples results (ppm) per individual rare earths element for each block is summarized in the table below:
| TER - TOTAL RARE EARTHS (ppm) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MRE - MAGNETIC RARE EARTHS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BLOCK | Nd | Pr | Dy | Tb | Ce | La | Sm | Er | Eu | Gd | Ho | Lu | Tm | Y | Yb | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AVERAGE | 1 | 287 | 79 | 15 | 3 | 733 | 373 | 41 | 6 | 10 | 29 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 56 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AVERAGE | 2 | 255 | 71 | 13 | 3 | 656 | 341 | 37 | 5 | 10 | 26 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 53 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AVERAGE | 3 | 266 | 73 | 11 | 2 | 1,050 | 360 | 35 | 4 | 8 | 22 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 42 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Table 20 – Average of surface samples results (ppm) per individual rare earths element for each block - Scandium (Sc) and Promethium (Pm) were not considered in the results above.
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Figure 33 – Section showing three auger drill holes (DHT-001, -002 and -003), with representative results at specific depths.
Quality Assurance and Quality Control
We have utilized Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) methodologies under the supervision of a qualified person as defined in Regulation S-K 1300.
In particular, as described above, we carried out a surface sampling and an auger drilling campaign, aiming to identify and delineate geochemical anomalies associated with rare earths mineralization. The surface sampling campaign included soil and chip rock samples of all lithology and layers across our mineral rights. The auger drilling campaign tested possible targets to evaluate the mineralization potential. Both campaigns had all geochemical analysis performed by SGS-Geosol, an analytical laboratory located in Vespasiano, Brazil, which is considered to be the premier such testing site in Brazil (“SGS-Geosol”). SGS-Geosol is ISO 14001 and 17025 accredited by the Standards Council. SGS-Geosol is an independent third-party and provides services pursuant to arms-length contracts.
The auger drillholes were vertical and the reported intervals corresponded to the true thickness. The cores were placed in boxes, aligned and measured by the technician or geologist for core recovery. The core boxes were identified with a code, a hole ID and tags. The logging and sampling were performed at our core logging facilities. The sample intervals were defined by 1 meter, varying depending on the lithological contact, and the material for chemical analysis consisted of the right half of the core, resulting in samples with an average weight of 5 Kg. These samples were then gathered in a labelled bag, and the remaining half is kept at the box with the sample ID tag, for reference. The bagged samples were then sent to SGS-Geosol.
All samples received at SGS-Geosol were inventoried and weighted prior to being processed. Drying was done to samples having excess humidity. Sample material was crushed using jaw crushers. The SGS-Geosol analytical method used for our samples is one of their standard packages. Analytical results were sent electronically by SGS-Geosol directly to us and results were compiled in an MS Excel spreadsheet by the project geologists.
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Similar procedures as described above were used for our graphite studies, described later in this report.
In addition to the laboratory quality assurance quality control (QA/QC) routinely implemented by SGS Geosol using pulp duplicate analysis, Atlas developed an internal QA/QC protocol for the projects, which consisted of the insertion of analytical standard reference materials (standards), blanks and core duplicates on a systematic basis with the samples shipped to the analytical laboratory.
Through the implementation of these protocols, Atlas ensures the quality and integrity of data, maintaining full traceability and accuracy in the results and in the processes related to geological interpretation and evaluation.
Goiás Project – Rare Earths – Exploration Phase
The Goiás Project is composed of the 18 mineral rights listed below. If the Option is exercised, an additional 18 mineral rights will be added, for a total of 36 mineral rights.
The mineral rights are located in western Goiás, in the region of Montes Claros de Goiás, Iporá and Santa Fé towns. In geological terms, this region comprises the Tocantins Structural Province in the Brasilia Fold Belt and has one geological formation with alkaline chemical affinity that are favorable for rare earths mineralization: Iporá Alkaline Complex, related to the Goiás Alkaline Province (Cretaceous). Such formation shows plutonic and subvolcanic/volcanic rocks, such as syenite, basaltic-andesite, gabbro, dunite, peridotite, pyroxenite, lamprophyre and others. They occur as sills, dikes, plugs and pipes, lava and pyroclastic deposits. These rocks can be intruded into older units such as Goiás Orthogneiss, Iporá Granite and Furnas Formation.
These rocks have high rare earths contents, as well as high P and may also have high Nb and Ni contents. Our mineral rights are in regions with odds of occurrence of the intrusions non-mapped by the regional and some mineral rights already have Iporá Alkaline Complex mapped by the regional public data. Other mineral rights (close to Iporá town) are directly adjacent to Appia, a listed company that has disclosed promising results for rare earths in its adjacent project. The weathering profile of the region can lead to laterization, which favors the formation of ionic clay deposits.
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While these mineral rights are an important part of our mineral rights portfolio, they currently are not the principal focus of our exploration efforts as of the date of this report. As the Company’s business develops and economic conditions justify their development and extraction, management intends to explore the development and extraction of these minerals. A regional geographical map showing the location of the mineral rights follows, although a further description of the Company’s mineral rights, including maps showing the specific locations, is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Form 20-F.
Figure 34: Regional geological map with our mineral rights (in blue) and the occurrence of the Ipora Alkaline Complex
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Figure 35: Geological map showing the proximity of our mineral rights to the Appia targets, and the Ipora Alkaline Complex occurrence.
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The Company’s mineral rights are listed below, consisting of 18 owned by the Company with an additional 18 mineral rights to be added in the event the Company exercises the Option, resulting in a total of 36 mineral rights:
| Project | Mineral Right Number | Area (size in hectares) | Mineral | Municipality | State, Country | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.756/2023 | 1,950.80 | Rare Earths, Potash | Jussara | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.752/2023 | 1,904.78 | Rare Earths, Potash | Jussara | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.751/2023 | 1,829.79 | Rare Earths, Potash | Montes Claros de Goiás | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.750/2023 | 1,877.82 | Rare Earths, Potash | Montes Claros de Goiás | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.749/2023 | 1,928.80 | Rare Earths, Potash | Jussara | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.748/2023 | 1,981.29 | Rare Earths, Potash | Montes Claros de Goiás | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.747/2023 | 1,976.96 | Rare Earths, Potash | Jussara | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.746/2023 | 1,990.71 | Rare Earths, Potash | Jussara | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.745/2023 | 1,945.80 | Rare Earths, Potash | Jussara | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.744/2023 | 1,934.35 | Rare Earths, Potash | Jussara | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.742/2023 | 1,927.43 | Rare Earths, Potash | Jussara | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.741/2023 | 1,992.67 | Rare Earths, Potash | Jussara, Santa Fé de Goiás | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.740/2023 | 1,969.60 | Rare Earths, Potash | Jussara, Santa Fé de Goiás | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.739/2023 | 1,955.89 | Rare Earths, Potash | Jussara | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.738/2023 | 1,940.81 | Rare Earths, Potash | Jussara | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.737/2023 | 1,951.10 | Rare Earths, Potash | Jussara | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.736/2023 | 1,958.39 | Rare Earths, Potash | Jussara, Britânia | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.735/2023 | 1,988.76 | Rare Earths, Potash | Jussara | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
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Graphite
Overview
Graphite has been on the list of the minerals considered critical to the economic and national security of the United States since an initial list published by the U.S. Department of the Interior on May 18, 2018. Graphite is the most used anode in lithium-ion batteries, benefitting from its high energy and power density. The global need for high-quality, low impurity graphite is directly related to the growth in electric vehicle (“EV”) adoption as discussed above. According to recent publication from Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, a well-respected mineral consultancy, to meet demand for anode materials, an estimated 97 natural flake graphite mines will need to be built by 2035, assuming an average size of 56,000 tons a year and no contribution from recycling.
Graphite plays a critical role in steel production, automotive manufacturing, lubricants, and battery technology—particularly as the anode material in most lithium-ion batteries. It also is used extensively in military applications including rocket and missile nozzles, jet engine components, submarine hulls to reduce acoustic signatures, and more.
China accounts for 77% of the world’s graphite production, with the U.S. sourcing 44% of its supply from China. Despite its reliance on imports, the U.S. has no active graphite mines.
Natural graphite is a naturally occurring form of carbon that is characterized by its crystalline structure and unique properties, including excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. It is primarily found in three forms: flake, amorphous, and lump graphite. Flake graphite is the most commercially valuable form, used in various applications due to its high purity and conductivity. Natural graphite is essential in numerous industries, particularly in the production of batteries, lubricants, and refractories, making it a critical mineral in the modern economy.
Countries with significant natural graphite reserves include China, Brazil, Mozambique, Madagascar, and India. As of 2023, China holds the largest reserves, estimated at around 78 million metric tons, which accounts for approximately 28% of the global total. Brazil follows with about 74 million metric tons, while Mozambique and Madagascar have reserves of 25 million and 24 million metric tons, respectively. Despite these reserves, the mining and processing of natural graphite are not evenly distributed globally. China dominates the processing sector, controlling over 60% of the world’s graphite production and refining capabilities. This concentration of processing capacity raises concerns about supply chain vulnerabilities for countries that rely heavily on imported graphite.
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Natural graphite is used in a wide range of applications, with the most significant demand coming from the battery industry, particularly for lithium-ion batteries (“LIBs”). As the world transitions to EVs and renewable energy storage solutions, the demand for natural graphite is expected to surge. In 2023, approximately 33% of natural graphite was used in batteries, while other applications included lubricants, refractories, and foundry products. The unique properties of natural graphite, such as its ability to withstand high temperatures and its excellent conductivity, make it an ideal material for these applications. Furthermore, the growing emphasis on sustainability and environmental responsibility has led to increased interest in natural graphite, as it is often considered more environmentally friendly compared to synthetic alternatives.
The importance of natural graphite to the U.S. economy is significant, particularly as the country seeks to enhance its technological capabilities and reduce dependence on foreign sources. The U.S. has identified natural graphite as a critical mineral, essential for national security and economic stability. Currently, the U.S. relies heavily on imports for its graphite supply, with a substantial portion coming from China. This reliance poses risks, especially in light of geopolitical tensions and trade restrictions. To mitigate these risks, the U.S. government is actively pursuing strategies to bolster domestic production and processing of natural graphite, which could enhance supply chain resilience and support the growth of clean energy technologies.
When comparing natural graphite to synthetic graphite, several advantages of natural graphite become apparent. Natural graphite typically has a higher crystalline structure, which results in better electrical and thermal conductivity than synthetic graphite. Additionally, natural graphite is often less expensive to produce, as it requires less energy and fewer resources compared to the energy-intensive processes involved in synthesizing graphite. The environmental impact of natural graphite extraction can also be lower than that of synthetic graphite production, particularly when sustainable mining practices are employed. As demand for graphite continues to rise, the benefits of natural graphite over synthetic alternatives will likely play a crucial role in shaping future supply chains and market dynamics.
In summary, natural graphite is a vital resource with significant reserves concentrated in a few countries, primarily China. Its applications in batteries and other industries underscore its importance to the U.S. economy, particularly as the nation seeks to enhance its technological capabilities and reduce reliance on imports. The advantages of natural graphite over synthetic graphite further highlight its potential role in supporting sustainable development and clean energy initiatives.
Graphite in Brazil
Brazil holds significant potential for natural graphite production, boasting the second-largest reserves of this critical mineral globally, estimated at approximately 74 million metric tons as of 2024. This positions Brazil as a key player in the graphite market, particularly as demand for natural graphite is projected to grow rapidly due to its essential role in various applications, including batteries for EVs, lubricants, and steel production. The Brazilian graphite market is expected to experience a compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”) of 6.1% from 2025 to 2030, with natural graphite being the fastest-growing segment within the industry.
The country is also strategically positioned to capitalize on the Increasing global demand for graphite, driven by the transition to renewable energy and the electrification of transportation. Brazil’s government is actively promoting the development of its mineral resources, including graphite, to enhance its industrial capabilities and reduce reliance on imports. However, challenges remain, such as the need for improved infrastructure and investment in mining technologies to fully exploit its graphite reserves. With the right policies and investments, Brazil could emerge as a leading supplier of natural graphite in the coming years.
Our Graphite Efforts
Our Malacacheta Project is strategically positioned to target critical minerals, specifically graphite. While in the early stages of exploration, this project offers significant long-term growth potential.
Our Arcos Project is a graphite project located near Nacional de Grafite, a leading graphite producer with over eight decades of experience in the Brazilian market. The Arcos Project requires further geological exploration but complements our overall portfolio and presents additional opportunities.
The studied area is located within the Araçuaí Orogen, situated in the central-eastern portion of Brazil, encompassing parts of the states of Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Espírito Santo. This orogen represents a Neoproterozoic belt that developed along the southern margin of the São Francisco Craton, as part of the Brasiliano/Pan-African system associated with the amalgamation of the Gondwana supercontinent (Almeida et al., 1973).
The evolution of the Araçuaí Orogen began around 880 Ma, with the opening of the Macaúbas Basin representing one of the earliest records of this process, in an advanced continental rift setting that later evolved into a confined oceanic basin with incipient oceanic crust (Pedrosa-Soares et al., 2007). This basin hosts important stratigraphic units, among which the Capelinha and Ribeirão da Folha formations—both part of the Macaúbas Group—are particularly noteworthy.
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Our Mineral Properties – Graphite
| Project | Mineral Right Number | Area (size in hectares) | Mineral | Municipality | State, Country | |||||||
| Malacacheta Project | 831.698/2021 | 260.95 | Graphite | Malacacheta | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Malacacheta Project | 830.954/2021 | 997.28 | Graphite | Malacacheta | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Arcos Project | 830.073/2022 | 1,655.23 | Graphite | Arcos | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Minas Gerais Project | 830.471/2025 | 1,938.04 | Graphite | Divisópolis | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Minas Gerais Project | 830.470/2025 | 1,901.46 | Graphite | Divisópolis | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Minas Gerais Project | 830.467/2025 | 1,988.02 | Graphite | Divisópolis | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Minas Gerais Project | 830.466/2025 | 1,957.21 | Graphite | Divisópolis | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Minas Gerais Project | 830.464/2025 | 1,684.88 | Graphite | Jacinto | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
The following mineral rights are currently deemed by management to be material to the Company’s business:
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Mineral Right 831.698/2021
Current Status: Exploration Permit, with a final research report filed by the prior owner with ANM and under current review.
Figure 36 – Map of Mineral Right 831.698/2021.
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Mineral Right 830.954/2021
Current Status: Exploration Permit, valid until June 25, 2026. We plan to prepare and file the necessary studies with ANM to continue to maintain ownership of this mineral right after the termination date.
Figure 37 – Map of Mineral Right 830.954/2021.
The following mineral right is deemed by management not to be material as of the date of this report; however, as economic and market conditions warrant, management may develop the mineral right in the future:
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Malacacheta Project – Graphite – Exploration Phase
In our Malacacheta Project, during our initial exploration phase in 2023, we successfully identified surface outcrops with visible graphite, delineated mineralized bodies, and established a primary structural trend. Rock samples were collected (nine samples), and preliminary auger core drilling was conducted (21 drill holes), providing strong indications of the project’s potential.
Figure 38 – Malacacheta Project – our interpretation of the local structural trend.
Figure 39 – Malacacheta Project – outcrop of graphitic mica schist with “flake”.
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Figure 40 – Malacacheta Project – outcrop of graphitic mica schist with intercalated gneiss layers.
Our latest exploration campaign has expanded our understanding of the Malacacheta Project’s mineral potential. We have systematically mapped and described 43 new tpoints, paying close attention to surface exposures and sub-surface features. A comprehensive sampling program has been completed, with 17 samples of graphite schist and mica-schist with graphite collected from mineral rights 830.954/2021 and 831.698/2021. These samples are currently undergoing detailed geochemical analysis at the SGS laboratory in Vespasiano, Minas Gerais, a well-regarded independent facility.
We have identified significant graphite schist bodies within both analyzed areas, intercalated as lenses within mica schist. The area identified by the registration 830.954/2021 stands out as the most promising, with two highly significant occurrences. The graphite observed exhibits strong characteristics indicative of high-quality, as evidenced by the distinctive mineralogical signature of the streak.
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Figure 41 – Flake-shaped graphite and graphite schist outcrop
For the next phase of exploration the planned expenditures during the resource exploration and resource reporting phases of the Malacacheta Project will be described, which covers mineral rights 831.698/2021 and 830.954/2021.
● The work will begin with a geophysical magnetometric survey (drone MAG), aerophotogrammetry, and detailed topographic surveying using Lidar, with an expected cost of US$ 75,000.
● Followed by detailed fieldwork, including the collection of samples for chemical analysis to support high-resolution geological mapping, to be carried out by our team of geologists, with an expected cost of US$ 85,000.
● In addition, the program will include a 5,000-meter drilling campaign, supported by the implementation of all necessary infrastructure for a complete sample management and quality control chain. This will encompass chemical analyses, proper sample storage in a dedicated facility, and the application of rigorous QA/QC protocols. The estimated cost for this phase is US$1,550,000.
● Our team that will be responsible for managing and supervising the field activities delineated above has an estimated cost of US$ 160,000.
● Metallurgical testing and the cost of the preparation of the Regulation S-K 1300 compliant technical report summary has an estimated cost of US$ 170,000.
● Contingency and other small items have an estimated cost of US$ 105,000.
Totaling the above items, an estimated cost of US$ 2,145,000 is reached to obtain the data and generate a Regulation S-K 1300 compliant technical report summary for the Malacacheta Project.
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Uranium
Overview
Uranium is essential for nuclear energy and weapons. The U.S. imports ~95% of uranium, primarily from Canada and Kazakhstan. China controls 13% of global production.
Uranium is a dense, silvery-white metal with the chemical symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, soil, and water, and it is best known for its role as the primary fuel for nuclear power plants. Uranium’s unique properties, including its ability to undergo nuclear fission—where the nucleus of an atom splits, releasing a significant amount of energy—make it a critical resource for generating electricity and powering nuclear reactors. In addition to its energy applications, uranium also has important uses in military technologies, including nuclear weapons and naval propulsion systems for submarines and aircraft carriers.
The global distribution of uranium reserves is concentrated in a few key countries. Australia holds the largest share, accounting for approximately 28% of the world’s known recoverable reserves, followed by Kazakhstan and Canada. Together, these three countries dominate global uranium production, with Kazakhstan being the largest producer, responsible for over 40% of the world’s supply. Other significant producers include Namibia, Niger, and Russia. The United States also has substantial uranium reserves, primarily in Wyoming and New Mexico, but domestic production has declined significantly in recent decades, leaving the country reliant on imports to meet its needs.
Uranium’s primary use is in the generation of nuclear energy. Nuclear power plants use enriched uranium, typically in the form of uranium dioxide pellets, as fuel to produce electricity through controlled nuclear fission reactions. This process provides a reliable, low-carbon source of energy, making nuclear power an important component of efforts to combat climate change. In addition to civilian energy production, uranium is essential for military applications. Highly enriched uranium is used in the production of nuclear weapons, while lower-enriched uranium powers naval reactors for submarines and aircraft carriers. The element is also used in research reactors and in the production of medical isotopes for cancer treatment and diagnostic imaging.
Kazakhstan’s dominance in uranium mining is largely due to its use of in situ recovery (ISR) technology, a cost-effective and environmentally less invasive method of extracting uranium from underground deposits. The country’s state-owned company, Kazatomprom, is the world’s largest uranium producer, supplying fuel to global markets. Canada, particularly through its high-grade uranium mines in Saskatchewan, also plays a crucial role in the global supply chain. However, the processing and enrichment of uranium are concentrated in a few countries, with Russia, the United States, France, and China leading in enrichment capacity. This concentration has raised geopolitical concerns, particularly in light of tensions between major powers.
For the United States, uranium is a critical mineral due to its importance in both energy security and national defense. Nuclear power provides about 20% of the country’s electricity and is its largest source of carbon-free energy. However, the U.S. currently imports over 90% of its uranium, primarily from Canada, Kazakhstan, and Australia, making it highly dependent on foreign sources. The U.S. government has been working to revitalize domestic uranium mining and processing capabilities, including the establishment of a strategic uranium reserve to reduce reliance on imports and ensure a stable supply for both civilian and military needs.
As the world transitions to cleaner energy sources, uranium’s role in the global economy is expected to grow. Nuclear power is increasingly recognized as a key component of strategies to reduce carbon emissions, particularly in countries seeking to replace coal and other fossil fuels. The development of advanced nuclear technologies, such as small modular reactors (SMRs) and next-generation reactors, could further increase demand for uranium. However, challenges such as public opposition to nuclear power, concerns about nuclear waste, and geopolitical tensions surrounding uranium supply chains must be addressed. Given its critical role in energy and security, uranium will continue to be a vital resource in the decades to come.
Uranium in Brazil
Brazil holds significant uranium reserves, ranking among the top ten countries globally in identified resources. However, uranium mining in Brazil is subject to stringent government control, as uranium extraction, processing, and commercialization fall under state monopoly, as defined by the Brazilian Constitution. Indústrias Nucleares do Brazil (“INB”) is the state-owned company responsible for uranium mining and nuclear fuel production in the country.
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The Federal Constitution establishes that “the exploration of nuclear services and facilities of any kind, as well as the state monopoly over the research, mining, enrichment, reprocessing, industrialization, and trade of nuclear ores and their derivatives,” is an exclusive competence of the Brazilian federal government. Furthermore, Law No. 14.514/2022 and Decree No. 51.726/1963 stipulate that Brazil’s federal monopoly includes:
| ● | Research and mining of nuclear ore deposits located within national territory; |
| ● | The trade of nuclear ores and their concentrates, nuclear elements and their compounds, fissile and fertile materials, artificial radioisotopes, radioactive substances from the three natural series, and nuclear by-products; |
| ● | The production and industrialization of nuclear materials. |
Nuclear activities in Brazil are monitored by the National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN), and operations are conducted exclusively by INB, the sole company authorized to mine and process uranium in the country. Recently, Law No. 14.514/2022 allowed INB to provide services to national and international entities, both public and private, within Brazil or abroad, while maintaining Brazil’s federal monopoly. Additionally, nuclear activities in Brazil require legislative approval and are permitted solely for peaceful purposes, as per international agreements ensuring responsible use of nuclear energy.
Anticipating potential legislative changes in Brazil in the coming years, we are strategically evaluating areas with uranium potential.
The following is a description of the uranium* mineral rights owned by the Company. These rights are currently deemed by management to be immaterial to the Company’s current business plans; however, as the Company’s business develops and market conditions render the further development and extraction of these minerals economically feasible, management intends to monetize its mineral rights set forth below. A further description of the Company’s immaterial rare earths, phosphate and uranium and mineral rights, including maps showing the locations, is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Form 20-F.
| Project | Mineral Right Number | Area (hectares) | Mineral | Municipalities | State, Country | |||||||
| Tocantins Project | 864.038/2025 | 9,784.21 | Rare Earths, Phosphate, (Uranium)* | Rio Sono | Tocantins, Brazil | |||||||
| Tocantins Project | 864.037/2025 | 9,878.47 | Rare Earths, Phosphate, (Uranium)* | Rio Sono | Tocantins, Brazil | |||||||
| Tocantins Project | 864.036/2025 | 9,512.65 | Rare Earths, Phosphate, (Uranium)* | Rio Sono | Tocantins, Brazil | |||||||
| Tocantins Project | 864.035/2025 | 9,507.05 | Rare Earths, Phosphate, (Uranium)* | Lizarda | Tocantins, Brazil | |||||||
| Tocantins Project | 864.034/2025 | 9,877.45 | Rare Earths, Phosphate, (Uranium)* | Rio Sono | Tocantins, Brazil | |||||||
| Tocantins Project | 864.033/2025 | 9,989.40 | Rare Earths, Phosphate, (Uranium)* | Miracema do Tocantins | Tocantins, Brazil | |||||||
| Tocantins Project | 864.032/2025 | 9,859.72 | Rare Earths, Phosphate, (Uranium)* | Miracema do Tocantins | Tocantins, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.161/2025 | 1,970.91 | Rare Earths, (Uranium)* | Iporá, Amorinópolis | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.160/2025 | 1,973.39 | Rare Earths, (Uranium)* | Ivolândia | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.150/2025 | 1,943.40 | Rare Earths, Phosphate, (Uranium)* | Ivolândia | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.149/2025 | 1,970.21 | Rare Earths, Phosphate, (Uranium)* | Moiporá | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.148/2025 | 1,824.27 | Rare Earths, Phosphate, (Uranium)* | Moiporá | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.144/2025 | 1,980.57 | Rare Earths, Phosphate, (Uranium)* | Iporá | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.133/2025 | 1,936.15 | Rare Earths, Phosphate, (Uranium)* | Iporá | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Goiás Project | 860.131/2025 | 1,977.18 | Rare Earths, Phosphate, (Uranium)* | Iporá | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Pará Project | 850.087/2025 | 9,905.37 | Copper (Uranium)* | Santana do Araguaia | Pará, Brazil | |||||||
| Pará Project | 850.077/2025 | 9,600.18 | Copper (Uranium)* | Santana do Araguaia | Pará, Brazil | |||||||
| Minas Gerais Project | 830.464/2025 | 1,929.49 | Rare Earths, Graphite (Uranium)* | Jacinto, Salto da Divisa | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
* Current Brazilian legislation does not allow uranium to be listed as a primary mineral; any discovery of uranium by us would be as a byproduct and in the context of exploring another mineral as listed.
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Copper
Overview
Copper is a highly conductive metal that plays a crucial role in various industries due to its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, and resistance to corrosion. It is one of the oldest metals used by humans, with applications dating back thousands of years. In modern times, copper is essential in the manufacturing of electrical wiring, plumbing, roofing, and various electronic devices. Its versatility makes it a critical component in renewable energy technologies, EVs, and infrastructure development, particularly as the world transitions to greener energy solutions.
As of 2023, the largest reserves of copper are found in Latin America, with Chile and Peru holding the most significant shares. Chile is home to approximately 200 million metric tons of copper reserves, making it the world’s largest producer, while Peru follows with about 87 million metric tons. Other countries with notable copper reserves include China, Australia, and the United States. Despite having substantial reserves, the U.S. only mines about 5% of the world’s copper, highlighting its reliance on imports to meet domestic demand.
China plays a dominant role in the processing of copper, controlling a significant portion of the global refining capacity. Although China holds only about 4% of the world’s copper reserves, it produces approximately 45% of the world’s refined copper. This processing capacity is largely fueled by imports of raw copper from countries like Chile and Peru, which have established long-term supply agreements with Chinese firms. The concentration of processing capabilities in China raises concerns for other nations, particularly the United States, which seeks to diversify its copper supply chains to reduce vulnerability to geopolitical tensions and trade disruptions.
Copper is utilized in a wide range of applications across various sectors. In the electrical industry, it is used for wiring and power transmission due to its excellent conductivity. In construction, copper is employed in plumbing, roofing, and HVAC systems. The automotive industry also relies on copper for EVs, where it is used in batteries and wiring harnesses. Furthermore, copper is critical in renewable energy technologies, such as solar panels and wind turbines, where it facilitates efficient energy transfer. The demand for copper is expected to increase significantly as the world moves towards electrification and sustainable energy solutions.
The importance of copper to the U.S. economy is substantial, particularly as the country aims to enhance its technological capabilities and reduce dependence on foreign sources. The Biden administration had set ambitious goals for clean energy and infrastructure development, which would require a significant increase in copper supply. By 2035, the U.S. would need to double its annual copper supply to meet such targets. Additionally, copper is classified as a critical mineral by the U.S. government, emphasizing its strategic importance for national security and economic stability. Efforts are underway to bolster domestic copper production and processing capabilities, including investments in mining projects and partnerships with Latin American countries to secure a stable supply.
In conclusion, copper is a vital metal with significant reserves concentrated in Latin America, particularly in Chile and Peru. Its diverse applications across various industries underscore its importance to the U.S. economy, especially in the context of the growing demand for clean energy technologies and infrastructure development. Ensuring a stable supply chain and enhancing domestic production capabilities will be crucial for maintaining the U.S.’s competitive edge in technology and manufacturing.
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Copper in Brazil
Brazil has significant potential for copper production, with the country being the fourteenth-largest producer of copper globally as of 2023. In that year, Brazil produced approximately 344 thousand metric tons of copper, which, while a decrease from the previous year, still reflects a substantial increase compared to the early 2010s when production was below 214 thousand tons. The country accounts for about 1% of global copper production, with major mining companies like Vale and Lundin Mining leading the sector. Vale, in particular, has been focusing on increasing its output and improving operational efficiencies to capitalize on the growing demand for copper, especially in the context of the global transition to renewable energy and electric vehicles.
Brazil’s copper production is expected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 3% between 2023 and 2027, driven by increasing investments in mining infrastructure and exploration activities. The country’s rich mineral resources, combined with favorable geological conditions, position Brazil as a key player in the copper market. Additionally, the Brazilian government is actively promoting the mining sector, aiming to attract foreign investment and enhance the regulatory framework to support sustainable mining practices. This strategic focus on copper production aligns with global trends, as the demand for copper is projected to rise significantly due to its essential role in various industries, including construction, electronics, and renewable energy technologies.
The following is a description of our copper mineral rights owned by the Company. These rights are currently deemed by management to be immaterial to the Company’s current development plan; however, as the Company’s business develops and market conditions render the further development and extraction of copper economically feasible, management intends to monetize its mineral rights set forth below. A further description of the Company’s immaterial copper mineral rights, including maps showing the locations, is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Form 20-F.
| Project | Mineral Right Number | Area (hectares) | Mineral | Municipality | State, Country | |||||||
| Bom Jardim de Goiás Project | 860.730/2023 | 1,994.83 | Copper | Bom Jardim de Goiás | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Bom Jardim de Goiás Project | 860.729/2023 | 1,245.00 | Copper | Bom Jardim de Goiás | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Bom Jardim de Goiás Project | 860.728/2023 | 1,974.10 | Copper | Bom Jardim de Goiás | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
| Bom Jardim de Goiás Project | 860.727/2023 | 1,942.13 | Copper | Baliza | Goiás, Brazil | |||||||
Nickel
Overview
Nickel is a silvery-white metal that is highly valued for its strength, corrosion resistance, and ability to withstand high temperatures. It is primarily used in the production of stainless steel, batteries, and various alloys. Nickel is classified as a critical mineral due to its essential role in modern technologies, particularly in the manufacturing of EV batteries, where it enhances energy density and overall performance. In 2023, over 50% of batteries produced utilized nickel-rich chemistries, underscoring its importance in the transition to cleaner energy sources.
The global distribution of nickel reserves is concentrated in a few key countries. As of 2023, Indonesia is the largest producer of nickel, accounting for approximately 54% of the world’s mined nickel supply. Other significant nickel-producing countries include the Philippines, Russia, Australia, and Canada. Indonesia’s dominance in nickel production is expected to increase, with forecasts suggesting it will represent over 60% of global supply by 2028. The reserves are primarily found in laterite ores, which are rich in nickel and can be processed to produce nickel metal.
China plays a crucial role in the processing of nickel, controlling a significant portion of the global nickel refining capacity. In 2023, it was reported that around 54% of Indonesia’s nickel output came from Chinese majority-owned producers, highlighting the interconnectedness of the two countries in the nickel supply chain. This concentration of processing capabilities raises concerns for other nations, particularly the United States, which relies heavily on imported nickel for its industrial and technological needs.
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Nickel is utilized in a wide range of applications beyond batteries. Its primary use is in the production of stainless steel, which accounts for approximately 70% of global nickel consumption. Nickel is also essential in the aerospace and defense industries, where it is used in high-performance alloys and components that require exceptional strength and resistance to corrosion. Additionally, nickel is used in the production of catalysts for chemical processes and in various electronic applications, including data centers and AI technologies.
The importance of nickel to the U.S. economy cannot be overstated, particularly as the country seeks to enhance its technological capabilities and reduce reliance on foreign sources. In 2023, the U.S. imported over 159,000 tons of nickel, with 46% of these imports coming from Canada, which accounted for only 4% of global production. The U.S. government has recognized nickel as a critical mineral, essential for national security and economic stability. Efforts are underway to bolster domestic production and processing capabilities, including investments in mining projects and partnerships with Canadian companies to secure a stable supply of nickel for future needs.
In summary, nickel is a vital metal with significant reserves concentrated in a few countries, primarily Indonesia and the Philippines. Its diverse applications across various industries highlight its importance to the U.S. economy, particularly in the context of the growing demand for electric vehicles and renewable energy technologies. Ensuring a stable supply chain and enhancing domestic production capabilities will be crucial for maintaining the U.S.’s competitive edge in technology and manufacturing.
Nickel in Brazil
Brazil has significant potential for nickel production, positioning itself as one of the key players in the global nickel market. As of 2023, Brazil ranks as the eighth-largest nickel producer in the world, contributing approximately 2% of global nickel output. The country has seen a CAGR of 3% in nickel production from 2017 to 2022, with expectations of an accelerated growth rate of 8% CAGR from 2023 to 2027. Major producers in Brazil include mining giants such as Vale and Anglo American, which have been expanding their operations and increasing output. For instance, Vale’s nickel production has been bolstered by its extensive mining infrastructure and commitment to sustainable practices, while Anglo American reported a 32% increase in output during 2020-2021.
The demand for nickel is expected to rise significantly, driven by its critical role in battery production for EVs and renewable energy technologies. Brazil’s rich nickel reserves, combined with its strategic initiatives to enhance mining operations and attract foreign investment, position the country to capitalize on this growing demand. The Brazilian government is actively promoting the development of its mineral resources, which includes streamlining licensing processes and improving environmental standards to ensure sustainable mining practices. As global markets shift towards greener technologies, Brazil’s nickel industry is poised for substantial growth, potentially increasing its share in the international market and contributing to the country’s economic development.
The following is a description of our nickel mineral right owned by the Company. This right is currently deemed by management to be immaterial to the Company’s current development plan; however, as the Company’s business develops and market conditions render the further development and extraction of nickel economically feasible, management intends to monetize its mineral right set forth below.
| Project | Mineral Right Number | Area (hectares) | Mineral | Municipality | State, Country | |||||||
| Piauí | 803.031/2021 | 1,101.24 | Nickel | Capitão Gervásio | Piauí, Brazil | |||||||
Iron Ore
Overview
The following is an overview of our planned iron ore operations, including Rio Piracicaba Project, which is permitted and currently in operation. As discussed throughout this section, our operations in Rio Piracicaba started on November 28, 2025.
Historically, iron has been an essential metal to human development and economic growth. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, over 98% of mined iron ore is used in steel manufacturing. Brazil exported approximately $30 billion in iron ore in 2024 and is the second biggest iron ore producer and exporter in the world, after Australia. China remains the world’s largest importer of iron ore, and its demand continues to be a primary driver of the global iron ore market. While fluctuations occur due to various economic factors within China, including government policies and the performance of its real estate sector, its vast industrial base and ongoing infrastructure projects maintain a significant appetite for steel and, consequently, iron ore. India’s demand also continues to grow, contributing to the overall global demand for iron ore.
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Iron ore is a naturally occurring mineral from which iron (Fe) is extracted. It is primarily composed of iron oxides, with the most common types being hematite (Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4). Iron ore is a critical raw material in the production of steel, which is essential for construction, manufacturing, and various industrial applications. The extraction and processing of iron ore involve several stages, including mining, crushing, and beneficiation, which enhance the ore’s iron content before it is smelted in blast furnaces to produce pig iron and subsequently steel.
As of 2023, the largest reserves of iron ore are concentrated in a few key countries. Australia leads the world with approximately 50 billion metric tons of iron ore reserves, accounting for about 29% of the global total. Brazil follows with around 30 billion metric tons, while Russia, China, and India also hold significant reserves, with estimates of 25 billion, 23 billion, and 9 billion metric tons, respectively. These countries play a crucial role in the global iron ore market, with Australia and Brazil being the top exporters, supplying a substantial portion of the iron ore consumed worldwide.
Australia is not only the largest holder of iron ore reserves but also the leading producer and exporter of iron ore globally. Major mining companies such as BHP, Rio Tinto, and Fortescue Metals Group operate extensive mining operations in Australia, particularly in the Pilbara region, which is renowned for its high-quality iron ore deposits. Brazil’s Vale S.A. is another significant player in the iron ore market, operating the Carajás mine, one of the largest and most productive iron ore mines in the world. The concentration of production and processing in these countries raises concerns about supply chain vulnerabilities for nations that rely heavily on imported iron ore, including the United States.
Iron ore is primarily used in the production of steel, which is vital for various industries, including construction, automotive, and manufacturing. Approximately 98% of the mined iron ore is used to produce steel, making it one of the most important commodities in the global economy. Additionally, iron ore is used in the production of cast iron, which is utilized in pipes, machinery, and automotive components. The demand for iron ore is closely linked to global economic growth, as increased infrastructure development and industrial activity drive the need for steel.
The importance of iron ore to the U.S. economy is significant, particularly as the country seeks to enhance its manufacturing capabilities and infrastructure. The U.S. is one of the largest consumers of iron ore, with domestic production meeting only a fraction of its needs. In 2023, the U.S. produced approximately 48 million metric tons of iron ore, while importing around 60 million metric tons to satisfy demand. The reliance on imported iron ore, primarily from Brazil and Canada, underscores the need for a stable supply chain to support the U.S. steel industry, which is critical for national security and economic stability.
Iron ore is a vital mineral resource with significant reserves concentrated in Australia and Brazil. Its primary use in steel production highlights its importance to various industries and the overall economy. As the U.S. continues to rely on imported iron ore, ensuring a stable supply chain and enhancing domestic production capabilities will be crucial for maintaining competitiveness in manufacturing and infrastructure development.
Iron Ore in Brazil
Brazil is a powerhouse in iron ore production, with significant potential for growth in the coming years. In 2023, Brazil’s iron ore mine production experienced a robust growth of 6.1%, reaching approximately 410 million tons. This growth trajectory is expected to continue, with projections indicating that production will rise to 436.1 million tons in 2024, driven primarily by Vale, the country’s largest iron ore producer. Vale’s strategic initiatives, including the expansion of its S11D and Vargem Grande mines, have been pivotal in enhancing production capacity. Vale aims to increase its output to between 340 and 360 million tons by 2026, further solidifying Brazil’s position in the global iron ore market.
Brazil’s iron ore production is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 3.8% from 2024 to 2030, potentially reaching 544.6 million tons by the end of the decade. This growth will be supported by ongoing developments in various mining projects, including the Capanema, Amapa, Morro do Pilar, and Colomi projects. However, the industry faces challenges such as environmental concerns, infrastructure bottlenecks, and social conflicts, which could hinder its growth. Despite these hurdles, Brazil’s abundant iron ore reserves and the expansion plans of leading producers position the country well for continued growth in the iron ore sector.
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The following is a description of our iron ore mineral rights owned by the Company. All but one of these mineral rights are currently deemed by management to be immaterial to the Company’s current business plans; however, as the Company’s business develops and market conditions render the further development and extraction of iron ore economically feasible, management intends to monetize its mineral rights set forth below. A further description of the Company’s immaterial iron ore mineral rights, including maps showing the locations, is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Form 20-F.
| Project | Mineral Right Number | Area (size in hectares) | Mineral | Municipalities | State, Country | |||||||
| Rio Piracicaba Project | 833.114/2012 | 188.31 | Iron Ore | Rio Piracicaba | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Barão de Cocais Project | 831.616/2019 | 147.24 | Iron Ore | Barão de Cocais | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Itabira Project | 830.627/2019 | 1,534.74 | Iron Ore | Itabira | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Rio Pardo de Minas Project | 830.632/2021 | 1,390.35 | Iron Ore | Rio Pardo de Minas | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Rio Pardo de Minas Project | 830.633/2021 | 659.75 | Iron Ore | Riacho dos Machados | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Rio Pardo de Minas Project | 830.634/2021 | 155.16 | Iron Ore | Rio Pardo de Minas | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Rio Pardo de Minas Project | 830.635/2021 | 188.53 | Iron Ore | Rio Pardo de Minas | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Rio Pardo de Minas Project | 830.636/2021 | 1,227.66 | Iron Ore | Rio Pardo de Minas | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Rio Pardo de Minas Project | 830.638/2021 | 1,907.12 | Iron Ore | Riacho dos Machados | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Antonio Dias Project | 831.343/2021 | 319.35 | Iron Ore | Antonio Dias | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Corumbá Project | 868.008/2021 | 1,970.32 | Iron Ore | Corumbá | Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil | |||||||
| Alagoas Project | 844.009/2021 | 1,904.58 | Iron Ore | Limonero de Anadia | Alagoas, Brazil | |||||||
| Alagoas Project | 844.010/2021 | 1,939.93 | Iron Ore | Girau do Ponciano | Alagoas, Brazil | |||||||
| Alagoas Project | 844.026/2020 | 1,892.54 | Iron Ore | Palmeira dos Índios | Alagoas, Brazil | |||||||
| Alagoas Project | 844.027/2020 | 1,368.47 | Iron Ore | Tanque D´arca | Alagoas, Brazil | |||||||
| Alagoas Project | 844.028/2020 | 1,946.50 | Iron Ore | Limonero de Anadia | Alagoas, Brazil | |||||||
| Alagoas Project | 844.029/2020 | 1,976.47 | Iron Ore | Coité do Nóia | Alagoas, Brazil | |||||||
| Alagoas Project | 844.030/2020 | 1,563.76 | Iron Ore | Tanque D´Arca | Alagoas, Brazil | |||||||
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Mineral Right 833.114/2012)
This iron ore mineral right is considered by management to be material to the Company’s current business plan. Current Status: Mining concession, the highest title of mineral property in Brazil.
Figure 42 – Map of Mineral Right 833.114/2012.
Rio Piracicaba Project – Iron Ore
The Rio Piracicaba Project is in the rural area of the municipality of Rio Piracicaba in Minas Gerais state at coordinates 19°56’23.9 “S / 43°12’01.7 “W. The project is located 130 km from Belo Horizonte, capital of the state of Minas Gerais, and is served by paved roads and is also intersected by a railroad used by several mining companies to transport iron ore to the coast.
We hold the title of the mineral right number 833.114/2012, inside which the Rio Piracicaba Project was developed. We acquired the mineral right where its Rio Piracicaba Project is now located from a third-party in 2020 for the equivalent of $925,000. This mineral right sits immediately adjacent to the Água Limpa iron ore mine that belongs to Vale S.A., listed in NYSE, one of the world’s top iron ore producers and the largest Brazilian mining company.
The Rio Piracicaba Project is in the Iron Quadrangle, one of the largest mineral provinces in Brazil. It contains the Cauê Formation, main iron mineralized materials unit that occurs in the region, consisting of itabirites and other rocks with a high iron content, represented mainly by hematite and magnetite.
The Cauê Formation has its genesis based on chemical sedimentation under stable platform conditions, which made the Lake Superior type iron deposits. The entire project area falls within the same geological formation, but three iron mineralized lithologies were defined, thus characterizing the deposit: colluvial coverage, friable itabirite and semi-compact itabirite.
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Figure 43 - Mineral right limits and researched area.
Working under Regulation S-K 1300 standards, during the first and second quarters of 2021, detailed drilling and trenching was carried out in approximately 10% of the mineral right encompassing the Rio Piracicaba Project.
Field activities started in March 2021 and drilling began in April 2021, when 11 diamond drill holes were drilled with drill core recovery, totaling 384 m. During this work, 19 pits were excavated either manually or mechanically with a backhoe loader, totaling 60 m. 27 hectares were also mapped in detail. The diamond drilling generated 55 samples and the sampling of the test pits, 15 samples, all analyzed in four granulometric ranges. During this geological exploration work, 48 density measurements of different lithotypes were made.
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Figure 44 - Drill Core FRP 03
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Figure 45 - Geological map within the outline of our mineral right.
A Technical Report Summary of the Rio Piracicaba Project (the “Rio Piracicaba TRS”) prepared in accordance with Regulation S-K 1300 is an exhibit to this Form 20-F.
We have full and titled ownership of the mineral right in which the Rio Piracicaba Project is being developed and 100% ownership of such project. A summary table for each class of mineral resource (measured, indicated, and inferred) as found in the Rio Piracicaba TRS is also included below:
| Measured Mineral Resource | Indicated Mineral Resource | Inferred Mineral Resource | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount (tons) | Grade | Amount (tons) | Grade (% iron) | Amount (tons) | Grade (% iron) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rio Piracicaba Project– Minas Gerais, Brazil – Iron Ore | - | - | 2,768,046 | 33.62 | 5,084,867 | 30.39 | ||||||||||||||||||
The following disclosures apply to the summary table above:
| 1. | For purposes of the above disclosure, “mineral resource” has the meaning set forth in Regulation S-K 1300. |
| 2. | Mineral Resources are estimated at a cut-off grade of 20% iron. |
| 3. | Mineral Resources are estimated using a long-term iron ore price of U.S.$90 per dry metric ton for the Platts/IODEX 62% iron fines CFR China, and U.S./BRL exchange rate of 5.25. |
| 4. | Reasonable prospects for economic extraction were determined by benchmarking similar operations and developing a 20% iron cut-off grade based on operating costs. |
| 5. | The effective date of the updated Rio Piracicaba TRS is June 16, 2025. |
Tonnages (t) in this TRS are presented “in situ”.
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The specific point of reference for the mineral resources estimated in the Rio Piracicaba Project has the following coordinates: 19o 56’ 24.40” S and 43o 12’ 7.58” W. The specific point of reference is also identified in the map below.
Figure 46 - Specific point of reference for the mineral resources estimated in the Rio Piracicaba Project.
Operations
On July 1, 2025 we (the “Lessor”) entered into a lease agreement with an unaffiliated third-party company (the “Lessee”) that has expertise in mining iron ore and owns a processing facility for raw iron ore. The transaction is one through which we leased our mineral right 833.114/2012 to such a company for mining and transporting of the mined ore to its plant for further processing. Leasing a mineral right to a third-party is a common business modality in Brazil which is provided for in Article 130 of ANM Ordinance 155/2016.
The signed contract is one where we, as the holder of a mining concession, grant the exploration of the deposit to the Lessee, without transferring ownership of the mineral right. The Lessee assumes the exploration and mining of the ROM (Run-of-Mine), the raw, unprocessed ore extracted from the mine, from the permitted area of our mineral right 833.114/2012, transport it to its processing plant outside the enterprise, and process and sell the concentrated iron ore on the market. We receive payment on the quantity of ROM extracted.
For such operational activities to be started, the Company has obtained all necessary approvals from ANM. Preparation activities were started in July 2025 with the removal and suppression of vegetation as authorized by the environmental license. The estimated cost to us is limited to the suppression activity, estimated at approximately $90,500.
Iron ore operations started in November 2025 resulting in revenue generation.
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The relevant terms of the agreement are presented below:
| Expected role and responsibilities | Lessor: is responsible for monitoring compliance with environmental conditions for maintaining the environmental license and obligations to the National Mining Agency for maintaining the mining concession.
Lessee: assumes environmental responsibility and technical and financial responsibility for the operation, reporting to the National Mining Agency and environmental agencies for the mine’s activities during the term of the lease. Assumes the obligation to environmentally rehabilitate the area after the contract ends. Also assumes royalty payments and Financial Compensation for the Exploration of Mineral Resources (CFEM). | |
| Work and additional costs | Lessor: cost of vegetation removal + 0.45% royalty due to the property owner
Lessee: exploration cost, understood as the costs of opening the pit, operating the mine, mining the ROM, transporting the ROM and processing the material extracted from the mine + 1.75% royalty due to the property owner | |
| Volumes of ore expected to be extracted and processed | 50,000 tons per quarter is the minimum contracted mining volume. | |
| Volumes of processed products expected to be sold by the lessee | All material extracted from the 50,000 tons will be transported by the lessee and used to feed its industrial processing and concentration plant, generating sinter feed sales product at 64% Fe. | |
| Payment terms to the lessor from the lessee with regard to the mineral right leasing | The lessee monthly pays to the Lessor an amount per tonne of ROM extracted calculated as a percentage of the Platts IODEX CFR CHINA 62% Fe $/DMT index determined in the reference month, with a minimum threshold determined by the contract; |
The Lessee expects the metallurgical recovery from our ROM to be above 50% and may reach as high as 65%.
Quartzite
Overview
Quartzite is a naturally occurring metamorphic rock that forms when quartz-rich sandstone undergoes intense heat and pressure over millions of years. Composed primarily of quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO₂), quartzite is known for its exceptional hardness, durability, and resistance to chemical weathering. These qualities make it a highly sought-after material for a variety of industrial, architectural, and decorative applications. Quartzite occurs in a range of colors, including white, gray, pink, and red, depending on the mineral impurities present during its formation. Its unique combination of strength and aesthetic appeal has made it increasingly popular in construction and interior design.
Quartzite deposits are found worldwide, often in regions with significant geological activity where sandstone has been subjected to metamorphism. Major producers of quartzite include the United States, Brazil, India, South Africa, and Norway. In the United States, quartzite is primarily mined in states like South Dakota, Utah, and Wisconsin. Brazil, known for its vibrant and colorful quartzite varieties, is a leading exporter of high-quality quartzite slabs for the global market. India and South Africa are also significant players, supplying both raw quartzite and finished products for industrial and decorative use.
Quartzite is used in a variety of applications due to its strength, hardness, and resistance to heat and chemicals. In the construction industry, it is commonly used as a building stone for walls, flooring, countertops, and roofing. Its durability makes it an ideal choice for high-traffic areas and outdoor installations. In interior design, quartzite has gained popularity as a premium material for kitchen countertops and bathroom surfaces, offering a natural alternative to engineered quartz and granite. Quartzite is also used in industrial applications, such as the production of silica, an essential component in glassmaking, ceramics, and silicon-based technologies. Additionally, crushed quartzite is used as a base material for roads, railways, and construction projects.
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Brazil is a global leader in the production and export of decorative quartzite, known for its vibrant colors and intricate patterns. These slabs are highly prized in international markets, particularly in North America and Europe, for use in luxury interiors. In contrast, countries like India and South Africa focus on supplying quartzite for industrial purposes, including silica production. The processing of quartzite into finished products, such as tiles and countertops, often takes place in countries with advanced manufacturing capabilities, such as Italy and China. This global trade network underscores the importance of quartzite as both a raw material and a finished product in diverse industries.
In the United States, quartzite is increasingly recognized as an important material for both construction and design. Domestic production focuses on supplying raw material for local markets, while high-end decorative quartzite is often imported. The growing popularity of quartzite in residential and commercial projects has driven demand, particularly in the countertop and flooring markets. However, the environmental impact of quartzite mining and processing, including land degradation and energy use, has raised concerns. Efforts to implement sustainable quarrying practices and reduce waste are becoming more prominent in the industry.
As global demand for durable and aesthetically appealing materials continues to rise, quartzite is expected to play an increasingly important role in construction, design, and manufacturing. Its natural beauty and strength have made it a preferred choice for architects, designers, and homeowners seeking sustainable and long-lasting materials. Additionally, the industrial use of quartzite in silica production will remain critical for the glass, ceramics, and technology sectors. The challenges of addressing environmental impacts and ensuring responsible sourcing will be key to the future of quartzite as a vital resource in the global economy.
Quartzite in Brazil
Brazil has significant potential for quartzite production, leveraging its status as the largest global supplier of this highly sought-after natural stone. In 2023, Brazil accounted for over 35% of the world’s quartzite supply, making it a critical player in the global market for this material, which is prized for its aesthetic appeal and durability in construction and design applications. The country’s geological diversity, with over 1,200 varieties of natural stones, enhances its competitive edge, particularly in the quartzite segment, which remains the most popular choice among architects and designers.
The quartzite industry in Brazil is poised for growth, driven by increasing demand in both domestic and international markets. In 2023, the Brazilian natural stone sector exported approximately $1.11 billion, with quartzite being a significant contributor to this figure.
Our Mineral Property – Quartzite
| Project | Mineral Right Number | Area (size in hectares) | Mineral | Municipalities | State, Country | |||||||
| Quartzite Project | 831.665/2016 | 94.44 | Quartzite | Augusto de Lima, Diamantina | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
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Mineral Right 831.665/2016
Current Status: Mining concession, the highest title of mineral property in Brazil.
Figure 47 – Map of Mineral Right 831.665/2016.
Quartzite Project
Our Quartzite Project is in the rural zone of Conselheiro Mata, a district in the municipality of Diamantina (population: 47,702 according to 2022 census), in Minas Gerais state. Diamantina offers all the basic infrastructure needs such as labor and supplies. Belo Horizonte, the capital of Minas Gerais, and where we have our principal place of business, is 172 miles away.
The application for the permitting process occurred in August 2021. On April 4, 2022, our Quartzite Project received the necessary permit from ANM, the Brazilian mining agency On December 12, 2022, our Quartzite Project received the operational license from the state of Minas Gerais environmental department (“SEMAD”). These approvals from ANM and SEMAD have allowed the Quartzite Project to begin its operations and to be able to commercialize production.
Preparation of the site for operations of the Quarry began in June 2023. The first quartzite block was retrieved on August 31, 2023. For the period between September 1, 2023, and December 31, 2023, a mining trial period, the Quarry team was comprised of one manager, one supervisor, and five mine workers. The processing was done by cutting the blocks with diamond wire. The blocks produced had dimensions varying between 6 m3 and 12 m3.
In 2024, our quartzite operation generated gross revenues of $748,654 and gross margins of $265,694 or 35.49%. During 2024, our quartzite operation produced 610.09 cubic meters (m3) of quartzite blocks and 1,384.92 square meters (m2) of polished quartzite slabs, of which 946.49 m2 were from our own blocks and 438.43 m2 were from acquired third-party blocks destined only for slab production. During 2024, we sold 550.92 m3 of blocks and 893.63 m2 of polished slabs. In 2025, our quartzite operation did not produce blocks or slabs, however generated gross revenues of $94,177 and negative gross margins of $80,848 arising from the sale of inventories produced in the previous year. As of December 31, 2025, our inventory was 337.46 m2 of slabs.
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Exploration Plan:
As the date of this report, there is no plan for further geological exploration of the mineral right encompassing the Quartzite Project.
Gold
Overview
Currently it is estimated that, of the gold being produced, 50% is used in jewelry, 40% in investments, and 10% in industry. Brazil has been a gold producer for over 200 years. According to the World Gold Council, in 2024, Brazil produced 83.7 tons of gold and was the 15th largest gold producer country. Minas Gerais was the largest gold producing state in the country, accounting for around 30% of the gold output that year according to Statista, a market intelligence firm.
Our gold mineral rights are listed below, and those which we consider material are further described below. A further description of the Company’s immaterial gold mineral rights, including maps showing the locations, is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Form 20-F.
| Project | Mineral Right Number | Area (size in hectares) | Mineral | Municipalities | State, Country | |||||||
| Alpha Project | 831.942/2016 | 1,883.01 | gold | Dionisio, Marlieria, Sao Domingos do Prata | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alpha Project | 831.140/2019 | 1,859.51 | gold | Marlieria, Sao Domingos do Prata | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alpha Project | 831.141/2019 | 777.94 | gold | Antonio Dias, Sao Domingos do Prata | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alpha Project | 831.142/2019 | 1,294.65 | gold | Antonio Dias, Sao Domingos do Prata | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alpha Project | 831.143/2019 | 50.68 | gold | Sao Domingos do Prata | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alpha Project | 831.144/2019 | 1,739.78 | gold | Dionisio, Marlieria, Sao Domingos do Prata | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alpha Project | 831.145/2019 | 936.01 | gold | Dionisio, Sao Domingos do Prata | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alpha Project | 831.146/2019 | 557.57 | gold | Sao Domingos do Prata | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alpha Project | 830.066/2021 | 1,603.58 | gold | Dionisio, Marlieria, Sao Domingos do Prata | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Alta Floresta Project | 867.176/2019 | 9,740.91 | gold | Peixoto de Azevedo | Mato Grosso, Brazil | |||||||
| Alta Floresta Project | 867.173/2019 | 83.99 | gold | Terra Nova do Norte | Mato Grosso, Brazil | |||||||
| Alta Floresta Project | 867.174/2019 | 47.55 | gold | Matupa, Nova Guarita | Mato Grosso, Brazil | |||||||
| Apui Project | 880.133/2016 | 9,325.31 | gold | Apui | Amazonas, Brazil | |||||||
| Apui Project | 880.134/2016 | 9,391.67 | gold | Apui | Amazonas, Brazil | |||||||
| Apui Project | 880.135/2016 | 9,340.04 | gold | Apui | Amazonas, Brazil | |||||||
| Cavalcante Project | 860.479/2019 | 1,930.79 | gold | Parana (TO), Cavalcante (GO) | Goiás and Tocantins, Brazil | |||||||
| Paracatu Project | 831.883/2016 | 312.66 | gold | Paracatu | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Diamantina Project | 802.267/1977 | 529.50 | gold | Olhos-d’Água | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Diamantina Project | 806.569/1977 | 170.89 | gold | Olhos-d’Água | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Diamantina Project | 806.684/1969 | 2,128.79 | gold | Diamantina | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Diamantina Project | 807.497/1968 | 476.76 | gold | Diamantina | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Diamantina Project | 817.734/1968 | 2,104.98 | gold | Diamantina | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Diamantina Project | 817.737/1968 | 169.57 | gold | Diamantina | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Diamantina Project | 830.062/1980 | 476.42 | gold | Diamantina | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Diamantina Project | 830.746/1981 | 1,940.33 | gold | Diamantina | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Diamantina Project | 830.797/1982 | 9,859.72 | gold | Diamantina | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Diamantina Project | 833.938/2006 | 15.89 | gold | Diamantina | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Diamantina Project | 830.919/1980 | 128.75 | gold | Diamantina | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Diamantina Project | 830.998/1984 | 295.31 | gold | Diamantina | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
| Diamantina Project | 831.742/1987 | 118.79 | gold | Diamantina | Minas Gerais, Brazil | |||||||
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Mineral Right 831.942/2016
Current Status: Exploration Permit, with a final research report filed by us with ANM and under current review.
Figure 48 – Map of Mineral Right 831.942/2016.
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Mineral Right 867.176/2019
Current Status: Exploration Permit, valid until April 2, 2028. We plan to prepare and file the necessary studies with ANM to continue to maintain ownership of this mineral right after the expiration date.
Figure 49 – Map of Mineral Right 867.176/2019.
Mineral Right 867.173/2019
Current Status: Exploration Permit, valid until April 2, 2028. We plan to prepare and file the necessary studies with ANM to continue to maintain ownership of this mineral right after the expiration date.
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Figure 50 – Map of Mineral Right 867.173/2019.
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Mineral Right 867.174/2019
Current Status: Exploration Permit, valid until April 2, 2028. We plan to prepare and file the necessary studies with ANM to continue to maintain ownership of this mineral right after the termination date.
Figure 51 – Map of Mineral Right 867.174/2019.
Future Production and Sales
We expect the demand for critical minerals to be facilitated by Brazil’s strong mining tradition and its substantial annual trade with China, the United States, and the European Union. We intend to utilize intermediaries for sales as to focus on our core competencies of exploration and extraction.
Raw Materials
We do not have any material dependence on any raw materials or raw material supplier. All of the raw materials that we need are available from numerous suppliers and at market-driven prices.
Dependence on Licenses, Commercial or Financial Contracts or New Manufacturing Methods
We depend on permitting to carry out our exploratory activities. Such permitting is standard in Brazil for mineral exploration activities.
Intellectual Property
We do not own or license any intellectual property which we consider to be material.
Government Regulation
Mining Regulation and Compliance
Mining regulation in Brazil is carried out by Agência Nacional de Mineração (“ANM”), the national mining agency, a federal entity, and each state in Brazil has an ANM office. We believe that we maintain a good relationship with ANM and that our methods of monitoring are adequate for our current needs.
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The mining department normally inspects our operations once a year via an unannounced visit. We estimate that it costs us $25,000 to $50,000 annually to maintain compliance with various mining regulations.
Environmental Regulation and Compliance
Environmental regulation in Brazil is carried out by a state-level agency, which may have multiple offices, one for each region of the state. For each mineral right that we own, we file any paperwork related to it in the local office of the environmental agency that has the applicable geographical jurisdiction. We believe that we maintain a good relationship with the offices of the environmental agency and believe that our methods of monitoring are adequate for our current needs.
The environmental agency normally inspects our operations once every one or two years which is the standard practice for companies in good standing. We estimate that it costs us $25,000 to $50,000 annually to maintain compliance with various environmental regulations.
Surface disturbance from any open pit mining performed by us is in full compliance with our mining plan as approved by the local regulatory agencies. We regularly restore areas that have been exploited by us. The current environmental regulations state that after all mining has ceased (however long that may take), there would still be five years of available time for any necessary recuperation to be performed. Our mining and recovery processing for diamonds and gold does not use any chemical products. Tests are conducted regularly and there are no records of groundwater contamination that has occurred to date.
The table below presents the principal Federal mining and environmental regulatory laws that are material to our operations.
| MINING | ||
| Legislative | Description | |
| Decree-Law nº. 227, of February, 28 of 1967 | Mining Code – Addresses the topics of mineral prospecting and research, as well as mine development and production and respective costs, as well as the rights and duties of the owners of mineral rights | |
Law nº. 7,990 of 28 December 1989 |
Establishes, for the States, Federal District and Municipalities, financial compensation for the result of the exploration of oil or natural gas, of water resources for the purpose of generating electrical energy, of mineral resources in their respective territories | |
| Law nº. 8,001 of 13 March 1990 | Defines the percentages for the distribution of financial compensation as set out in Law No. 7,990 of December 28, 1989 | |
| DNPM Ordinance nº. 155, of May 12, 2016 | Ordinance consolidates, systematizes and orders the normative acts related to the regiment for the use of mineral resources | |
| Decree nº. 9,406 of June 12 of 2018 | Regulates the Mining Code | |
| ANM Resolution nº. 85, of 12/02/2021 | Provides procedures for the use of waste materials | |
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| ENVIRONMENTAL | ||
| Ordinary Law No. 6,938, of August 31, 1981 | Provides for the National Environmental Policy, its purposes and formulation mechanisms, and other measures | |
| CONAMA Resolution No. 1, of January 23, 1986 | Establishes basic criteria and general guidelines for the Environmental Impact Study – EIA and respective Environmental Impact Report – RIMA | |
| Ordinary Law No. 9,985, of July 18, 2000 | Regulates Art. 225, § 1, Items I, II, III and VII of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988; institutes the National System of Nature Conservation Units, and provides other measures | |
| Law No. 11,428/2004, of December 22, 2006 | Provides for the use and protection of native vegetation in the Atlantic Forest biome | |
| Law No. 12,651 of 25 May of 2012 | Provides for the protection of native vegetation (Forest Code) | |
The table below presents the state of Minas Gerais mining and environmental regulatory laws that are material to our operations:
| Legislation | Description | |
| ENVIRONMENTAL | ||
COPAM Normative Resolution No. 94, of April 12, 2006 |
Establishes guidelines and procedures for the application of environmental compensation for projects considered to have a significant environmental impact, as set out in Law No. 9,985 of July 18, 2000 | |
| Law No. 21,972, of January 21, 2016 | Provides for the State Environmental and Water Resources System – Sisema, among other measures | |
COPAM Normative Resolution No. 217 of December 6, 2017 |
It establishes criteria for classification, according to size and polluting potential, as well as the locational criteria to be used to define the environmental licensing modalities for enterprises and activities that use environmental resources in the state of Minas Gerais, among other provisions | |
Decree No. 47,383, of March 2, 2018 |
Establishes standards for environmental licensing, typifies and classifies violations of environmental and water resource protection standards, and establishes administrative procedures for monitoring and applying penalties. Repeals Decree No. 44,844 of June 25, 2008, and Decree No. 46,967 of March 10, 2016 | |
COPAM Normative Resolution No. 220, of March 21, 2018 |
Establishes guidelines and procedures for the temporary suspension of mining activity and mine closure; establishes criteria for the preparation and presentation of the report on the Suspension of Mining Activity, the Degraded Areas Recovery Plan - PRAD and the Mine Closure Environmental Plan – PAFEM, among other measures | |
| Decree No. 47,705, of September 4, 2019 | Establishes standards and procedures for the regularization of the use of water resources under the jurisdiction of the state of Minas Gerais | |
Decree No. 47,749, of November 11, 2019 |
Provides for the authorization processes for environmental intervention and forestry production within the state of Minas Gerais and other provisions. This decree fully repeals Decree No. 43,710/2004 | |
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4.C Organizational Structure.
We are affiliated with Atlas Lithium, and our Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, Marc Fogassa, is also the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of Atlas Lithium. Currently, Atlas Lithium and Mr. Fogassa own 20.4% and 24.3% of our outstanding common stock, respectively, such that Mr. Fogassa controlled approximately 62.9% of the voting power of our outstanding securities. For more information, see “Major Shareholders.”
Our subsidiaries as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 20-F are set forth below:
| Subsidiary Name | Country of Incorporation | Company Ownership Interest | ||||||
| Mineração Jupiter Ltda | Brazil | 99.99 | % | |||||
| Mineração Apollo Ltda | Brazil | 100 | % | |||||
| Mineração Duas Barras Ltda | Brazil | 99.99 | % | |||||
| RST Recursos Minerais Ltda | Brazil | 99.99 | % | |||||
4.D Property, Plants and Equipment.
As of December 31, 2025, we had 9 different facilities in Brazil, as detailed below:
| ● | 4 rural properties (1 owned by us and 3 leased) totaling approximately 132 hectares; |
| ● | 1 leased sample storage shed of approximately 180 square meters; |
| ● | 2 houses for employee accommodation totaling approximately 330 square meters; |
| ● | 1 office for operational facilities of 120 square meters; and |
| ● | 1 corporate office of 531 square meters. |
For more information regarding our material properties, including maps and summaries of such properties, the book value of such properties, and descriptions of infrastructure, mineral rights, completed work and exploration plans, see “Item 4.B. Information on the Company—Business Overview.”
Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the related notes and other information included elsewhere in Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on management’s current expectations, estimates and projections about our business and operations. Our actual results may differ materially from those currently anticipated and expressed in such forward-looking statements and as a result of the factors we describe under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements” and “Risk Factors.” We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available or other events occur in the future, other than as required by law.
5.A Operating Results
Except as may be otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts are stated in U.S. dollars, our reporting currency. The following table sets out the exchange rates, based on the data from the website of Brazil’s “Banco Central” (an equivalent to the U.S. Federal Reserve), for the conversion of the Brazilian real (R$) currency into the United States dollar (US$), for the period from January 1, 2024, to December 31, 2024 and the period from January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2025. The average exchange rates are based on the average of the daily closing exchange rates during such periods:
| Average | High | Low | Close | |||||||||||||
| Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2025 | R$ | 5.5855 | R$ | 6.2086 | R$ | 5.2729 | R$ | 5.5024 | ||||||||
| Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2024 | R$ | 5.3905 | R$ | 6.1991 | R$ | 4.8543 | R$ | 6.1923 | ||||||||
| Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/2023 | R$ | 4.9953 | R$ | 5.4459 | R$ | 4.7202 | R$ | 4.8413 | ||||||||
The exchange rate on December 31, 2025 was R$5.5024 Brazilian reais per one U.S. dollar. The exchange rate on December 31, 2024 was R$6.1923 Brazilian reais per one U.S. dollar.
Year Ended December 31, 2025 compared to the Year ended December 31, 2024
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2025 totaled $5,420,195, compared to net loss of $1,713,123 the year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $3,707,072 or 216%. The decrease is mainly due to:
| ● | We generated gross profit of $265,694 in the year ended on December 31, 2024, compared to gross loss of $59,431 in 2025, a reduction of $325,125. We generated limited revenues in year ended on December 31, 2025 since our production of quartzite blocks and slabs paused in April 2025, while we undergo modifications to our operations which are expected to resume during the second semester of 2026. | |
| In December 2025 our iron ore operations registered its first revenue arising from the lease of our Rio Piracicaba mineral right, generating net revenues of $24,693. | ||
| ● | General and administrative increased to $3,370,391 in the year ended on December 31, 2025 compared to $1,054,124 in the year ended December 31, 2024, a $2,316,267 or 220% increase. The increase was mainly influenced by: |
| i) | Increase of $722,601 in payroll related expenses due to i) the increase in the number of employees following the increase in the Company’s level of activities and the merger of the Company with Apollo Resources in November 2024; and ii) due to the payment of bonuses to certain employees based on the achievement of milestones, which were not applicable in 2024; | |
| ii) | Increase in services rendered by third parties of $1,063,180 as a higher volume of such services have been contracted in the year ended on December 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 to support projects exploration activities and reflecting the merger with Apollo Resources in November 2024; | |
| iii) | Increase in expenses related to investor relations of $298,493 as a result of a higher volume of sales of shares of the Company made under private offerings. |
| ● | Stock based compensation totaled $1,923,217 in the year ended on December 31, 2025 compared to $849,513 in the year ended on December 31, 2024: a $1,073,704 or 126% increase. During the year ended on December 31, 2025, 152,965 equity instruments were issued to our executives (118,290 immediately vested, 8,984 vesting in 4 years and 25,000 with vesting dates based on the achievement of certain milestones) compared to 59,430 issued in the year ended on December 31, 2024 (16,390 immediately vested, 43,040 vesting in 4 years). |
Net cash used in operating activities was $2,983,086 for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $846,948 used in operations during the year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $2,136,138. Main impacts can be explained by:
| ● | In 2025, we generated negative gross margins amounting to $59,431 (negative $83,383 from our quartzite operations partially offset by a positive $23,938 from our iron ore operation) compared to a positive gross margin of $265,694 generated in 2024 by our quartzite operations, increasing the use of cash flow in $325,125. |
| ● | General and Administrative expenses increased by $2,316,267 from 2024 to 2025, as a result of the increase in the Company’s level of activities; |
| ● | Variation of the need working capital (accounts payable, receivable and inventories) produced a positive impact on cash flow generation of $439,571 in 2025, compared to $384 in 2024. The main impact arises from inventories: in 2025, the Company sold inventories produced in prior years, generating $151,167 of positive cash flow; in 2024, the Company produced and stocked blocks and slabs in excess of volumes sold, generating a $205,128 negative impact on cash flow. |
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Net cash used in investing activities was $ 67,304 for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $153,718 for the year ended December 31, 2024. Cash used in investing activities in 2024 is mainly represented by the acquisition of an excavator to our quartzite operation, amounting to $133,424, while in 2025 the Company only acquired mineral rights amounting to $47,000 and land amounting to $20,000.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $2,684,141 for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $1,312,416 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The $1,371,725 increase derives from:
| ● | In 2025, the issuance and sale of 448,759 shares of our common stock generated a $2,516,900 inflow, compared to issuance and sales of 250,764 shares generating a $1,582,250 inflow in 2024; | |
| ● | In 2025, we received a net of $167,241 of intercompany loans from Atlas Lithium, compared to the repayment of $283,334 in intercompany loans in 2024. |
Please refer to our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the SEC on February 28, 2025 for discussions comparing years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
5. B Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2025, we had total current assets of $710,262 and total current liabilities of $1,819,159 for a current ratio of 0.39 to 1.00 (important to highlight that current liabilities include an amount of $1,088,540 payable to Atlas Lithium, a related party) and negative working capital of $1,108,897. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had total current assets of $663,422 and $96,434, respectively, and total current liabilities of $1,227,371 and $734,118, respectively, for a current ratio of 0.54 to 1.00 (important to highlight that current liabilities include an amount of $872,942 payable to Atlas Lithium, a related party) and negative working capital of $563,949 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The variation of the working capital was primarily driven by the increase in the level of activities of the Company in 2025, increasing short-term accounts payable and loans from related parties, used to fund Company’s exploration activities.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, we funded operations primarily through the sale of equity securities ($2,516,900) and loans received from related parties ($167,241).
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. We have incurred losses since its inception resulting in an accumulated deficit of approximately $14.5 million as of December 31, 2025, and further losses are anticipated in the development of its business.
The Company announced on January 12, 2026 the closing of its upsized firm commitment underwritten public offering of 1,380,000 shares of its common stock, including 180,000 shares of its common stock pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option, at a public price of $8.00 per share. The net proceeds from the offering were approximately $9.7 million after deducting offering expenses and underwriting discounts and commissions.
Following the offering in January 2026, the Company believes it has sufficient cash to fund normal operations and meet debt obligations for the next 12 months and therefore the financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis.
5.C. Research & Development, Patents and Licenses
None.
5.D. Trend Information
Quartzite
Our quartzite project started its activities in 2023, with a trial mining period. In 2024, our quartzite operation generated gross revenues of $748,654 and gross margins of $265,694 or 35.49%. During 2024, our quartzite operation produced 610.09 cubic meters (m3) of quartzite blocks and 1,384.92 square meters (m2) of polished quartzite slabs, of which 946.49 m2 were from our own blocks and 438.43 m2 were from acquired third-party blocks destined only for slab production.
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During 2024, we sold 550.92 m3 of blocks and 893.63 m2 of polished slabs. As of December 31, 2024, our inventory was 147.99 m3 of blocks and 641.12 m2 of slabs. During 2025, we sold 147.99 m3 of blocks and 303.66 m2 of polished slabs. As of December 31, 2025, our inventory was 337.46 m2 of slabs.
5.E. Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingencies at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Going Concern
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of December 31, 2025, we had incurred losses since the inception of the Company and had not yet generated material revenues from the sale of its products or services. These factors created substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustment that might be necessary if we were unable to continue as a going concern.
Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on us generating cash from our operations, the sale of our stock and/or obtaining debt financing. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we funded operations primarily through the sale of equity securities ($2,516,900 in 2025).
In January 2026, the Company completed its upsized firm commitment underwritten public offering of shares of its common stock and concurrently listing of its common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market, generating approximately US$9.7 million in net proceeds. The proceeds from the offering have significantly strengthened the Company’s liquidity position and are expected to fund planned exploration activities. As a result, the net proceeds from the offering mitigate the substantial doubt previously identified regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and provide sufficient liquidity to support the Company’s operations.
Following the offering in January 2026, the Company believes it has sufficient cash to fund normal operations and meet debt obligations for the next 12 months and therefore the financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
We follow the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820 – Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure. Fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The guidance also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of us. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect our assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability. The guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1. Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
Level 2. Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3. Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
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As of December 31, 2025, we did not have any level 2 or 3 assets or liabilities.
Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, and accrued expenses. The carrying amount of these financial instruments approximates fair value due to either length of maturity or interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates unless otherwise disclosed in these consolidated financial statements.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Major improvements and betterments are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life. At the time of retirement or other disposition of property and equipment, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the statements of operations as other gain or loss, net.
The diamond and gold processing plant and other machinery are depreciated over an estimated useful life of ten years; vehicles are depreciated over an estimated life of five years; and computer and other office equipment over an estimated useful life of three years.
Mineral Properties
Costs of exploration, carrying and retaining unproven mineral lease properties are expensed as incurred. Mineral property acquisition costs, including licenses and lease payments, are capitalized. Impairment losses are recorded on mineral properties used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets’ carrying amount. We did not recognize any impairment losses related to mineral properties held during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
For intangible assets purchased in a business combination, the estimated fair values of the assets received are used to establish their recorded values. For intangible assets acquired in a non-monetary exchange, the estimated fair values of the assets transferred (or the estimated fair values of the assets received, if more clearly evident) are used to establish their recorded values, unless the values of neither the assets received nor the assets transferred are determinable within reasonable limits, in which case the assets received are measured based on the carrying values of the assets transferred. Valuation techniques consistent with the market approach, income approach and/or cost approach are used to measure fair value. These rights are held in perpetuity provided that we remain in compliance with various government regulations and industry requirements.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
For long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization, we continually monitor events and changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances are present, we assess the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, we recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less costs to sell.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company records stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. ASC 718 requires companies to measure compensation cost for stock-based employee compensation at fair value at the grant date and recognize the expense over the employee’s requisite service period. Under ASC 718, volatility is based on the historical volatility of our stock or the expected volatility of the stock of similar companies. The expected life assumption is primarily based on historical exercise patterns and employee post-vesting termination behavior. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.
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We utilize the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which was developed for use in estimating the fair value of options. Option-pricing models require the input of highly complex and subjective variables including the expected life of options granted and the expected volatility of our stock price over a period equal to or greater than the expected life of the options. Because changes in the subjective assumptions can materially affect the estimated value of our employee stock options, it is management’s opinion that the Black-Scholes option-pricing model may not provide an accurate measure of the fair value of our employee stock options. Although the fair value of employee stock options is determined in accordance with ASC Topic 718 using an option-pricing model, that value may not be indicative of the fair value observed in a willing buyer/willing seller market transaction.
On June 20, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07 which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments granted to non-employees for goods and services. Under the ASU, most of the guidance on such payments to non-employees would be aligned with the requirements for share-based payments granted to employees.
Equity classified share-based payments for employees are fixed at the time of grant. Equity-classified non-employee share-based payment awards are measured at the grant date of the award which is the same as share-based payments for employees. We adopted the requirements of the new rule as of January 1, 2019, the effective date of the new guidance.
Foreign Currency
Our subsidiaries, MJL, MAL, MDB and RST, use their local currency (Brazilian Real) as their functional currency. Resulting translation gains or losses are recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Transaction gains or losses related to balances denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees.
6.A. Directors and Senior Management.
Our officers and directors as of February 20, 2026, were as follows:
| Name | Age | Position | ||
| Marc Fogassa | 58 | Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| Rodrigo Nazareth Menck | 51 | Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | ||
| Igor Tkachenko | 39 |
Vice-President of Corporate Strategy | ||
| Joel de Paiva Monteiro, Esq. | 36 | Vice-President of Administration and Operations, Chief Compliance Officer, Secretary and Director | ||
| Areli Nogueira da Silva Júnior | 45 | Vice-President, Mineral Exploration and Director | ||
| Agenor Narcisco Drumond de Cuculicchio, Esq. | 53 | Independent Director, and member of the Audit, the Compensation, and the Nominating and Governance Committees of the Board of Directors | ||
| Gabriel Santos Cordeiro de Andrade, Esq. | 46 | Independent Director, and member of the Audit, the Compensation, and the Nominating and Governance Committees of the Board of Directors |
Executive officers are appointed by and serve at the pleasure of our Board of Directors. A biography of each director and officer follows.
Marc Fogassa is our Founder and has been our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer since July 2016. He has lengthy experience in executive management for mining projects, as well as in venture capital and capital markets, and has served on boards of directors of multiple private companies. Mr. Fogassa double majored at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.), graduating with two Bachelor of Science degrees in 1990. He later graduated from the Harvard Medical School with a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1995, and also from the Harvard Business School with a Master in Business Administration degree in 1999. Mr. Fogassa was born in Brazil and is fluent in Portuguese and English. Mr. Fogassa is also the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Atlas Lithium Corporation (“Atlas Lithium”), a related party.
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Rodrigo Menck was appointed our Chief Financial Officer in September 2024. Mr. Menck is currently a director of Atlas Lithium, a related party. Since September 2023 he has been an advisor to Atlas Lithium covering a range of topics, including operational readiness and interface with institutional investors. Previously, from January 2023 to July 2023, Mr. Menck was the Chief Financial Officer of Sigma Lithium Corp., a Canadian publicly listed company (“Sigma”). Between February 2019 and July 2022, Mr. Menck held the position of Senior Vice President of Finance & Group CFO at Nexa Resources SA, a NYSE and TSX listed company, controlled by the traditional Brazilian group Votorantim. From April 2016 to January 2019, he was the Global Treasurer at Nexa Resources. From January 2011 to March 2016, Mr. Menck was an Investment Director at the Odebrecht group in Brazil. From May 2008 to January 2011 Mr. Menck held positions at Braskem SA, a large Brazilian petrochemical company. From January 1996 to May 2008, Mr. Menck had a 12-year career in several Brazilian and international banks based in Brazil, such as BankBoston, Banco Francês e Brasileiro, WestLB, Citibank and BNP Paribas, holding several different positions such as Trader, Trade Finance Manager, Securitization Officer, Product Manager, DCM & Export Finance Structurer and Relationship Manager, while covering a variety of clients in a diverse range of segments in Brazil. Mr. Menck has a degree in Business Administration, and an MBA in Economics of the Financial Sector, both from the University of São Paulo in Brazil. Mr. Menck is fluent in Portuguese, English and Spanish and is a Certified CFO by the Brazilian Institute of Financial Executives in Brazil.
Igor Tkachenko was appointed as our Vice President of Corporate Strategy on February 1, 2026. Mr. Tkachenko began consulting for Atlas Critical Minerals in March 2025. As a consultant, he played a role in the corporate development efforts that culminated in the Company’s successful uplisting to the Nasdaq Capital Market in January 2026. Mr. Tkachenko brings significant relevant experience from his tenure at Atlas Lithium), where he has served as Vice President of Corporate Strategy since 2023. At Atlas Lithium, he oversaw the rapid expansion of investor relations efforts and participated in the design and execution of the organizational growth strategy. Mr. Tkachenko is now focused on translating these proven experiences to help drive Atlas Critical Minerals’ next phase of growth. His education includes a Bachelor of Science (Summa Cum Laude) and a Doctor of Medicine degrees.
Joel de Paiva Monteiro, Esq., has served as our director since 2018. Mr. Monteiro has been a consultant to us since 2017 and became our Vice-President, Administration and Operations, in 2020. On November 3, 2025, the Board appointed Mr. Monteiro as Company’s Chief Compliance Officer. Previously he was a partner of the Brazilian law firm PRA Advogados - Pimenta da Rocha Andrade, with three offices and headquarters in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais. Mr. Monteiro has worked with all aspects of Brazilian business law, and has extensive experience in a wide range of areas from strategic business planning to litigation. His prior clients included large corporations in a variety of economic sectors in diverse states in Brazil. Mr. Monteiro has a law degree from the Milton Campos Faculty in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Subsequently he achieved a post-graduate degree in Business and Civil Law from the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais. Mr. Monteiro is also an officer at Atlas Lithium, one of our shareholders.
Areli Nogueira da Silva Júnior has served as our director since 2019. Mr. da Silva Júnior has been a consultant to us since 2018 and became our Vice-President, Mineral Exploration, in 2021. He is the Founder and was the Chief Technical Officer of MineXplore, a consultancy focused on mineral rights in Brazil. Mr. da Silva Júnior has been a consultant geologist with GeoEspinhaço, a firm that undertakes geological studies in a variety of minerals across Brazil. Mr. da Silva Júnior has also been a college faculty member teaching geology. Previously, he worked at the Brazilian mining department and before that as a geologist at Usiminas Mineração. Mr. da Silva Júnior has a Master of Geology degree from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and an undergraduate degree in Geological Engineering from the School of Mines of the Federal University of Ouro Preto, a premier and the oldest mining-focused college in Brazil. Mr. da Silva is also an officer of Atlas Lithium.
Gabriel Santos Cordeiro de Andrade, Esq., has served as our director since 2024. Mr. Andrade has been the founder and lead partner of ARM Mentoria Jurídica, a law firm operating in all areas of business law and with offices in Belo Horizonte, the capital of the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil, and in Montes Claros, a large regional center northern Minas Gerais since 2019. Mr. Andrade is particularly involved as lead counsel in complex negotiations including mergers, spin-offs and real estate development operations. From 2007 to 2019, Mr. Andrade was a Partner at PRA Advogados, a law firm where he focused on the management and leadership of high-level legal operations, focusing on business and real estate law. He supervised complex real estate operations, including subdivisions and hotel projects. He was also responsible for the implementation of conciliation and arbitration practices, significantly reducing the time and cost of resolving disputes. Mr. Andrade graduated from Milton Campos Law School in Belo Horizonte with a law degree. He has a postgraduate degree in business law from Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais in Belo Horizonte. Mr. Andrade is a member of our Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating and Governance Committee.
Agenor Narcizo Drumond Cuculicchio, Esq., has served as our director since 2024. Mr. Cuculicchio has been a founding partner of Cuculicchio & Fontes Advogados Associados in Belo Horizonte, a law firm focusing on mining law, including guidance on the legal process to obtain mining titles, concessions, authorizations, and other licenses specific to the mining sector. In 2006, he began his legal activities in mining law, providing advice on mining regulation, due diligence, strategic consultancy, preparation and analysis of contracts and transactions involving mining rights and related to the exploration and use of mineral resources, assistance in the negotiation of mining securities, and defense in all types of administrative and judicial proceedings related to mining infractions. He is currently also dedicated to entrepreneurship in the mineral sector, including being a non-management shareholder in small local mining companies. Mr. Cuculicchio graduated from the Fundação Educacional Monsenhor Messias in Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. He has a postgraduate degree in civil procedural law from the Elpídio Donizetti Institute in Belo Horizonte. Mr. Cuculicchio is a member of our Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating and Governance Committee.
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There are no family relationships between or among any of the persons listed above, and there are no arrangement or understanding between our directors any other person pursuant to which any of our directors have been appointed as a director.
6.B. Compensation.
We adopted an incentive plan (the “2016 Incentive Plan”) to compensate employees, directors, and consultants, and allow it to acquire and retain human talent.
Compensation of Named Executive Officers
This section discusses the material components of the executive compensation program in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, for our “named executive officers.” We have identified the following individuals as our named executive officers according to this definition:
| Name | Position | |
| Marc Fogassa | Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer | |
| Rodrigo Nazareth Menck | Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | |
| Igor Tkachenko | Vice-President Corporate Strategy | |
| Joel de Paiva Monteiro, Esq. | Vice-President of Administration and Operations, Chief Compliance Officer, Secretary and Director | |
| Areli Nogueira da Silva Júnior | Vice-President, Mineral Exploration and Director | |
| Agenor Narcizo Drumond de Cuculicchio, Esq. | Independent Director, and member of the Audit, the Compensation, and the Nominating and Governance Committees of the Board of Directors | |
| Gabriel Santos Cordeiro de Andrade, Esq. | Independent Director, and member of the Audit, the Compensation, and the Nominating and Governance Committees of the Board of Directors |
The primary objectives of our executive compensation programs are to attract and retain talented executives to effectively manage and lead us. The compensation packages for our named executive officers generally include a base salary, an annual cash bonus and equity.
Summary Compensation Table
Name and | Year | Salary | Bonus | Option/RSU /Common Stock Awards | All Other Compensation | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Principal Position (5) | Ended | ($) | ($) | ($) (1) | ($) | ($) | ||||||||||||||||
| Marc Fogassa | 12/31/2025 | 478,573 | - | 887,502 | (2) | 61,045 | 1,427,120 | |||||||||||||||
| 12/31/2024 | 243,890 | - | 474,254 | (2) | - | 718,144 | ||||||||||||||||
| Rodrigo Nazareth Menck | 12/31/2025 | 180,000 | - | - | - | 180,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| 12/31/2024 | 60,000 | - | 1,656 | (4) | - | 61,656 | ||||||||||||||||
| Joel de Paiva Monteiro, Esq. | 12/31/2025 | 24,000 | (3) | - | - | - | 24,000 | |||||||||||||||
| 12/31/2024 | 82,000 | (3) | - | - | - | 82,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Areli Nogueira da Silva Júnior | 12/31/2025 | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| 12/31/2024 | 75,447 | - | - | - | 75,447 | |||||||||||||||||
| (1) | The amounts in this column reflect the aggregate grant date fair value of equity instruments granted in 2025 and 2024, respectively, to our executives calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. |
| (2) | Pursuant to the terms of Mr. Fogassa’s amended and restated employment agreement, he is entitled to receive an annual compensation for each calendar year corresponding to 4% of the outstanding shares of our common stock as of January 1st of each year. |
| (3) | Represents Mr. Monteiro’s base salary of $2,000 per month fully paid in shares. In 2024, we paid Mr. Monteiro amounts owed from August 2021 to December 2024. |
| (4) | Mr. Menck received 4,167 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) of our common stock. The RSUs are vested 25% annually, starting in September 2024. |
| (5) | Mr. Tkachenko was appointed our officer in February 2026, therefore received no compensation in the quality of an officer of the Company in 2025 and 2024. |
Narrative to Summary Compensation Table
On October 30, 2025, we entered into an employment agreement with Igor Tkachenko, which became effective on February 1, 2026 (“Start date”) provided that Company has commenced trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market by the Start Date. Upon its effectiveness, this Agreement shall continue until March 1, 2028, subject to renewal by mutual consent. The agreement provides that Mr. Tkachenko will serve as our Vice President of Corporate Strategy and will be entitled to a base salary of $420,000 per year. Additionally, Mr. Tkachenko will have the right to receive time-based restricted stock units (“RSUs”) of the Company with value equivalent to two times his annual base salary, which will vest over 24 months, being 25% on each 6-month anniversary of the contract. Mr. Tkachenko will also be entitled to receive fully vested shares of the Company’s common stock with value equivalent to one time his annual base salary if and when the Company reaches for the first time $300 million in market capitalization as determined by Bloomberg L.P. The agreement further provides that in the event that we undergo a change in control and any of the RSUs or the shares of the Company’s common stock have not yet vested, Mr. Tkachenko’s right to receive such RSUs and shares will be accelerated. The agreement also contains a non-compete provision pursuant to which Mr. Tkachenko has agreed not to engage in competitive activities during his employment period and for a period of one year thereafter.
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Non-executive directors
The following table sets forth a summary of compensation paid to non-executive directors for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. We do not sponsor a pension benefits plan, a non-qualified deferred compensation plan, or a non-equity incentive plan for directors; therefore, these columns have been omitted from the following table. No other or additional compensation for services were paid to any of the directors.
| Name | Fees
Earned or Paid in Cash ($) | Option Awards ($) | Stock Awards ($) | Total ($) | ||||||||||||
| Agenor Narciso Drumond de Cuculicchio, Esq.(1) | 10,714 | $ | $ | 64,509 | $ | 75,224 | ||||||||||
| Gabriel Santos Cordeiro de Andrade, Esq.(2) | 10,714 | $ | $ | 64,509 | $ | 75,224 | ||||||||||
| (1) | Mr. Cuculicchio was appointed as a member of the Board of Directors in August, 2024. The agreement with Mr. Cuculicchio provides that he is entitled to receive quarterly compensation of R$15,000 (approximately $2,700) and shares of the Company’s common stock representing 0.05% of the Company’s then issued common stock. |
| (2) | Mr. Andrade was appointed as a member of the Board of Directors in August, 2024. The agreement with Mr. Andrade provides that he is entitled to receive quarterly compensation of R$15,000 (approximately $2,700) and shares of the Company’s common stock representing 0.05% of the Company’s then issued common stock.was appointed as a member of the Board of Directors in August, 2024. |
We do not set aside or accrue any amounts to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits to the directors and officers set forth above.
6.C. Board Practices.
Our business is managed by the directors who exercise all of our powers, subject to the Business Corporations Act of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (as amended, the “Articles of Incorporation”), our Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”), and any special resolution of the Board of Directors.
Our Board of Director is composed of five individuals, as described in Item 6.A. Four of our directors are not U.S. residents. The Board of Directors currently has three board committees: the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nomination and Governance Committee. Except for Marc Fogassa, our Chairman, none of our directors’ service contracts us or any of our subsidiaries provide for benefits upon termination of employment.
Our Bylaws provide that each director shall be elected at the annual meeting of our shareholders, to serve until the next annual meeting and until a successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, except in the event of death, resignation, removal or earlier termination of term of office.
Overview of Corporate Governance
We are committed to maintaining high standards of business conduct and corporate governance, which we believe are fundamental to the overall success of our business, serving our stockholders well, and maintaining our integrity in the marketplace. As discussed below, our Board of Directors has established three standing committees to assist it in fulfilling its responsibilities to us and our stockholders:
| 1. | The Audit Committee; | |
| 2. | The Compensation Committee; and | |
| 3. | The Nominations and Corporate Governance Committee. |
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Director Independence
We currently have two independent directors on our Board of Directors. We use the definition of “independence” found in the Listing Rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) to make this determination. Our Board of Directors has undertaken a review of the independence of each director and will review the independence of any new directors based on information provided by each director concerning their background, employment, and affiliations, in order to make a determination of independence. Our Board of Directors has determined that Messrs. Cuculicchio and Andrade are independent. Nasdaq listing rules require that a majority of the members of our Board of Directors be independent directors. We are relying on the phase-in provisions of Rule 5615(b) to achieve compliance with the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market.
Meetings of the Board of Directors
No director has attended fewer than 75% of the meetings of our Board. It is the policy of our Board that all directors should attend the annual meeting of shareholders unless unavoidably prevented from doing so by unforeseen circumstances.
Role of our Board of Directors in Risk Oversight
One of the key functions of our Board of Directors is informed oversight of our risk management process. As described above, we have formed supporting committees, including the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, and the Nominations and Corporate Governance Committee, each of which supports the Board of Directors by addressing risks specific to its respective areas of oversight. In particular, our Audit Committee has the responsibility to consider and discuss our major financial risk exposures and the steps our management takes to monitor and control these exposures, including guidelines and policies to govern the process by which risk assessment and management is undertaken. The Audit Committee also monitors compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, in addition to oversight of the performance of our internal audit function. Our Compensation Committee assesses and monitors whether any of our compensation policies and programs has the potential to encourage excessive risk-taking. Our Nominations and Corporate Governance Committee provides oversight with respect to corporate governance and ethical conduct and monitors the effectiveness of our corporate governance guidelines, including whether such guidelines are successful in preventing illegal or improper liability-creating conduct.
Committees of our Board of Directors
Our Board of Directors has established three standing committees - the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, and the Nominations and Corporate Governance Committee.
Audit Committee
Nasdaq rules require that our Audit Committee be composed of at least three members all of whom are “independent directors” who are “financially literate” as defined under the Nasdaq listing standards. While we established an Audit Committee, we intend to utilize the phase-in provisions of Rule 5615(b) for the composition of the Audit Committee requirement so that the Company has three Audit Committee members who are considered independent under the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market.
The Nasdaq listing standards define “financially literate” as being able to read and understand fundamental financial statements, including a company’s balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. In addition, we are required to certify to Nasdaq that the committee has, and will continue to have, at least one member who has past employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite professional certification in accounting, or other comparable experience or background that results in the individual’s financial sophistication. As of the date hereof, our Audit Committee was composed of the following two directors, all of whom have been affirmatively determined by our Board of Directors to meet the definition of “independent director” for purposes of serving on an Audit Committee under Rule 10A-3 and Nasdaq rules, all of whom qualify as financial experts:
| 1. | Agenor Narciso Drumond de Cuculicchio, Esq. |
| 2. | Gabriel Santos Cordeiro de Andrade, Esq. |
Mr. Andrade is an independent member of our Audit Committee who qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K.
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We have established a written charter for our Audit Committee, in which we set forth the duties of the Audit Committee that include, among other matters, oversight responsibilities with respect to the integrity of our financial statements, our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, the external auditor’s qualifications, independence, and performance, and the performance of our internal audit function as applicable. The Audit Committee’s primary duties and responsibilities are to:
| ● | oversee our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of our financial statements; | |
| ● | identify and monitor the management of the principal risks that could impact our financial reporting; | |
| ● | monitor the integrity of our financial reporting process and system of internal controls regarding financial reporting and accounting appropriateness and compliance; | |
| ● | provide oversight of the qualifications, independence, and performance of our external auditors and the appointed actuary; | |
| ● | provide an avenue of communication among the external auditors, the appointed actuary, management, and the Board; and | |
| ● | review the annual audited and quarterly financial statements with management and the external auditors. |
The Audit Committee is also responsible for discussing policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management, including regularly reviewing our cybersecurity and other information technology risks, controls, and procedures and our plans to mitigate cybersecurity risks and respond to data breaches.
Compensation Committee
Our Compensation Committee is currently comprised of the following directors, each of whom are independent directors as determined in accordance with the Nasdaq rules:
| 1. | Agenor Narcizo Drumond Cuculicchio, Esq. |
| 2. | Gabriel Santos Cordeiro de Andrade, Esq. |
The Compensation Committee’s main function is to assist our Board in the discharge of its responsibilities related to the compensation of our executive officers. Pursuant to its charter, the Compensation Committee is primarily responsible for, among other things:
| ● | reviewing our compensation programs and arrangements applicable to our executive officers, including all employment-related agreements or arrangements under which compensatory benefits are awarded or paid to, or earned or received by, our executive officers, and advising management and the Board regarding such programs and arrangements; | |
| ● | reviewing and recommending to the Board the goals and objectives relevant to CEO compensation, evaluating CEO performance in light of such goals and objectives, and determining CEO compensation based on the evaluation; | |
| ● | retaining, reviewing and assessing the independence of compensation advisers; | |
| ● | monitoring issues associated with CEO succession and management development; | |
| ● | overseeing and administering our equity incentive plans; | |
| ● | reviewing and making recommendations to our Board with respect to compensation of our executive officers and senior management; |
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| ● | reviewing and making recommendations to our Board with respect to director compensation; | |
| ● | endeavoring to ensure that our executive compensation programs are reasonable and appropriate, meet their stated purpose (which, among other things, includes rewarding and creating incentives for individuals and Company performance), and effectively serve the interests of the Company and our stockholders; and | |
| ● | upon becoming subject to the Exchange Act, preparing and approving an annual report on executive compensation and such other statements to stockholders which are required by the SEC and other governmental bodies. |
Nominating and Governance Committee
Our Nominating and Governance Committee is currently comprised of the following directors, each of whom are independent directors as determined in accordance with the Nasdaq rules:
| 1. | Agenor Narcizo Drumond Cuculicchio, Esq. |
| 2. | Gabriel Santos Cordeiro de Andrade, Esq. |
Pursuant to its charter, the Nominating and Governance Committee is primarily responsible for, among other things:
| ● | assisting the Board in identifying qualified candidates to become directors, and recommending to our Board nominees for election at the next annual meeting of stockholders; | |
| ● | leading the Board in its annual review of the Board’s performance; | |
| ● | recommending to the Board nominees for each Board committee and each committee Chair; | |
| ● | reviewing and overseeing matters related to the independence of Board and committee members, in light of the independence requirement of the Nasdaq Stock Market and the rules and regulations of the SEC; | |
| ● | overseeing the process of succession planning of our CEO and other executive officers; and | |
| ● | developing and recommending to the Board corporate governance guidelines, including our Code of Business Conduct, applicable to the Company. |
Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance
We are deeply committed to environmental, social, and corporate governance (“ESG”) causes. We have an ESG Chief who coordinates our efforts in these important matters.
Our Board’s Leadership Structure
Our Board of Directors has discretion to determine whether to separate or combine the roles of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Fogassa has served in both roles since our founding in 2016 and our Board of Directors continues to believe that his combined role is most advantageous to the Company and its stockholders. Mr. Fogassa possesses in-depth knowledge of the issues, opportunities and risks facing us, as well as our business and our industry. Mr. Fogassa is best positioned to fulfill the Chairman’s responsibility to develop meeting agendas that focus our Board of Directors’ time and attention on critical matters and to facilitate constructive dialogue among our director on strategic issues.
In addition to Mr. Fogassa’s leadership, the Board maintains effective independent oversight through a number of governance practices, including open and direct communication with management, input on meeting agendas, and regular executive sessions.
6.D. Employees.
As of December 31, 2025, we had thirteen full time equivalent employees. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had thirteen and six full time equivalent employees, respectively.
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6.E. Share Ownership.
The following table sets forth certain information as of February 18, 2026, regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock by: each of our executive officers, each member of our board of directors and all officers and directors as a group. The number and percentage of our common stock beneficially owned by each person is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). The information contained in the table below is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options or warrants or the conversion of other securities held by that person that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days are deemed to be issued and outstanding. These shares, however, are not deemed outstanding for the purposes of computing percentage ownership of each other shareholder.
| Name and Address of Officers and Directors (1) | Common stock | Series A Preferred | Combined voting power | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Marc Fogassa | 1,222,383 | 24.3 | % | 1 | (2) | 100.0 | % | 1,222,384 | 62.9 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Igor Tkachenko | 24,223 | 0.5 | % | - | - | 24,223 | 0.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Joel de Paiva Monteiro, Esq. | 33,074 | 0.7 | % | - | - | % | 33,074 | 0.3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Areli Nogueira da Silva Júnior | 602 | 0.0 | % | - | - | % | 602 | 0.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Rodrigo Nazareth Menck | 1,042 | 0.0 | % | - | - | % | 1,042 | 0.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Agenor Narcizo Drumond de Cuculicchio, Esq. | 8,587 | 0.2 | % | - | - | % | 8,587 | 0.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Gabriel Santos Cordeiro de Andrade, Esq. | 8,587 | 0.2 | % | - | - | % | 8,587 | 0.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| All Officers and Directors as a group (7 persons) | 1,298,998 | 25.8 | % | 1 | 100.0 | % | 1,298,999 | 63.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| (1) | The address for each officer and director is: c/o Atlas Critical Minerals Corporation, Rua Antonio de Albuquerque, 156, Suite 1720, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30.112-010, Brazil. |
| (2) | Mr. Fogassa has owned the only outstanding share of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Preferred A Stock”) since 2016. The Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of our Preferred A Stock provides that for so long as Preferred A Stock is issued and outstanding, the holders of Preferred A Stock shall vote together as a single class with the holders of our common stock, with the holders of Preferred A Stock being entitled to 51% of the total votes on all matters regardless of the actual number of shares of Preferred A Stock then outstanding, and the holders of our common stock being entitled to their proportional share of the remaining 49% of the total votes based on their respective voting power. Mr. Fogassa is thus deemed to have voting control on all matters requiring a stockholder vote. |
6.F Disclosure of a Registrant’s Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation.
Not applicable.
Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions.
7.A. Major Shareholders
The following table sets forth certain information as of February 18, 2026, regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock by our major shareholders who beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities. The number and percentage of our common stock beneficially owned by each person is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). The information contained in the table below is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose.
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Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options or warrants or the conversion of other securities held by that person that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days are deemed to be issued and outstanding. These shares, however, are not deemed outstanding for the purposes of computing percentage ownership of each other shareholder.
| Common stock | Series A Preferred stock | Combined voting power | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name and Address of Shareholder (1) | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Marc Fogassa | 1,222,883 | 24.3 | % | 1 | (2) | 100.0 | % | 1,222,884 | 62.9. | % | ||||||||||||||
| Atlas Lithium Corporation | 1,024,966 | 20.4 | % | - | 0.0 | % | 1,024,966 | 10.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Ronald Zelazo | 343,293 | (3) | 6.8 | % | - | 0.0 | % | 343,293 | 3.4 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Citadel | 298,520 | (4) | 5.9 | % | - | 0.0 | % | 298,520 | 2.9 | % | ||||||||||||||
| (1) | The mailing address for each listed shareholder is c/o Atlas Critical Minerals Corporation, Rua Antônio de Albuquerque, 156, Suite 1720, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30112-010, Brazil. |
| (2) | Since 2016, Mr. Fogassa has owned the only outstanding share of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Preferred A Stock”). The Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of our Preferred A Stock provides that for so long as Preferred A Stock is issued and outstanding, the holders of Preferred A Stock shall vote together as a single class with the holders of our common stock, with the holders of Preferred A Stock being entitled to 51% of the total votes on all matters regardless of the actual number of shares of Preferred A Stock then outstanding, and the holders of common stock being entitled to their proportional share of the remaining 49% of the total votes based on their respective voting power. Mr. Fogassa is thus deemed to have voting control on all matters requiring a stockholder vote. |
| (3) | Information relating to Mr. Zelazo was based as of January 9, 2026, following the Offering. |
| (4) | Information relating to Citadel was based on the Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on January 20, 2026. |
Major Shareholders - Comparison to prior years
As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, Mr. Fogassa beneficially owned 931,475 and 146,309 shares of our common stock, representing 33.5% and 18.1% of our total shares then-outstanding, respectively.
As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, Atlas Lithium Corporation beneficially owned 908,467 and 221.049 shares of our common stock, representing 32.7% and 28.7% of our total shares then-outstanding, respectively.
Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions.
During 2024, we formally memorialized an agreement with Atlas Lithium, a related party, with respect to an intercompany loan facility between the parties. The loan facility bears annual interest at 6.5% and is payable in full in 5 years from its beginning. Following the uplisting on Nasdaq in January 2026, the Company used part of the funds raised to repay the loan owed to Atlas Lithium. Currently, there is no outstanding balance between the Company and Atlas Lithium.
On October 31, 2024, we entered into an agreement with Atlas Lítio do Brasil Ltda (an affiliate) to put in place a cost sharing agreement between the parties. The agreement was constructed to rationalize the use of resources from the Geology department between the parties. All shared costs are accrued for on a monthly basis and paid quarterly. We owed $83,493 to Atlas Lítio do Brasil Ltda as of December 2025. Currently, we owe $26,367 to Atlas Lítio do Brasil Ltda.
Registration Rights Agreement with Atlas Lithium Corporation
On July 27, 2016, we entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with Atlas Lithium Corporation (f/k/a Brazil Minerals, Inc. (the “Registration Rights Agreement”).The Registration Rights Agreement provides that whenever we propose to register any of its securities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and the registration form to be used may be used for the registration and contemplated disposition of Registrable Securities (a “Piggyback Registration”), we will give prompt written notice to Atlas Lithium of its intention to effect such a registration so that such notice is received by Atlas Lithium at least twenty (20) days before the anticipated filing date. We will include in such registration all securities covered by the Registration Agreement (“Registrable Securities”) with respect to which we have received a written request for inclusion therein subject to any limitations on the number of shares that may be registered for resale that may be imposed by law, including positions of the staff of the SEC.
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In connection with each Piggyback Registration, all of the expenses incurred in compliance with the aforesaid, including, without limitation, all registration and filing fees, printing expenses, fees and disbursements of our counsel and our blue sky fees and expenses will be paid by us and Atlas Lithium shall pay all of the underwriting discounts and selling commissions applicable to the sale of Registrable Securities and all fees and disbursements of counsel for Atlas Lithium attributable to the sale of its securities pursuant to the Piggyback Registration
Merger Agreement with Apollo Resources Corporation
On October 31, 2024, we entered an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Apollo Resources Corporation, pursuant to which Apollo Resources Corporation merged with and into us (the “Merger”), with us being the surviving entity of the Merger. The Merger was consummated on November 19, 2024 upon the satisfaction of waiver of the closing conditions to the Merger Agreement. For more information, see “Item 4.A. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company.”
Option Agreement with Atlas Lithium Corporation
On December 19, 2024, we entered into the Option Agreement with Atlas Lithium, pursuant to which we acquired an option to acquire 100% of the equity interests of Brazil Minerals Resources Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Atlas Lithium Corporation. As consideration for the Option, we issued to Atlas Lithium 66,496 shares of our common stock, representing $500,000 divided by a value per share of $7.519. For more information, see “Item 4.A. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company.”
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Marc Fogassa
On June 26, 2024, we amended our employment agreement with Marc Fogassa for the Chief Executive Officer position, effective on July 1, 2024. Per agreement, Mr. Fogassa is entitled to receive monthly compensation of $25,000 to be paid in cash or in shares of our common stock and an annual incentive compensation equivalent to 4% of our outstanding common stock count as of January 1.
Item 7.C. Interests of Experts and Counsel.
Not applicable.
Item 8. Financial Information.
8.A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information.
Our consolidated financial statements are stated in U.S. dollars (US$) and are prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”).
The financial statements as required under Item 18 of Form 20-F are attached hereto and found immediately following the text of this Annual Report. The audit report of Pipara & Co LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, is included herein immediately preceding the financial statements.
8.A.7. Legal/Arbitration Proceedings.
None that are material.
8.A.8. Policy on Dividend Distributions.
No dividends are intended to be declared or paid by us in the foreseeable future.
8.B. Significant Changes.
None
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Item 9. The Offer and Listing.
Our common stock symbol is “ATCX” and we are currently listed on Nasdaq Capital Markets.
Item 10. Additional Information.
10.A. Share Capital.
Not applicable.
10.B. Memorandum and Articles of Association.
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation
Article I, Section 2 of our Articles of Incorporation provides that our purpose is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act.
Reverse Stock Split
On December 3, 2025, we filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Articles of Incorporation (the “Amendment”) with the Republic of the Marshall Islands effecting a reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock at a ratio of 1-for 12 (the “Reverse Stock Split”), prior to the listing of our common stock on Nasdaq.
Following the Reverse Stock Split, each twelve (12) shares of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock was automatically converted into one issued and outstanding share of common stock, without any change in par value per share. No fractional shares were issued as a result of the Reverse Stock Split and no cash or other consideration was paid. Instead, we issued one whole share of the post-split common stock to any stockholder who otherwise would have received a fractional share as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. The Reverse Stock Split did not affect the number of shares of authorized stock.
Unless otherwise noted, we have retroactively adjusted all share amounts and per share data herein to give effect to the Reverse Stock Split.
Common Stock
Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share in connection with the election of directors and all other matters submitted to a vote of shareholders. With respect to the common stock, our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws place no restrictions on: (i) the payment of dividends, (ii) voting rights, (iii) rights to share in our profits, or (iv) rights to share in any surplus upon liquidation. Additionally, neither of our Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws contain (i) any redemption provisions with respect to the common stock, (ii) sinking fund provisions, (iii) liability to further capital calls by us, or (iv) discriminatory provisions against major shareholders. Dividends may be paid at the discretion of the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting of the shareholders in the form of cash, stock, or other of our property.
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Preferred Stock
The Board may, with respect to any series of preferred stock, fix by resolution or resolutions the designations and the powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereon, including, without limitation, (1) the designation of the series; (2) the number of shares in the series, which the Board of Directors may, except where otherwise provided in the Preferred Shares designation, increase or decrease, but not below the number of shares then outstanding; (3) whether dividends, if any, will be cumulative or non-cumulative and the dividend rate of the series; (4) the dates at which dividends, if any, will be payable; (5) the redemption rights and price or prices, if any, for shares of the series; (6) the terms and amounts of any sinking fund provided for the purchase or redemption of shares of the series; (7) the amounts payable on shares of the series in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Corporation; (8) whether the shares of the series will be convertible into shares of any other class or series, or any other security, of the Corporation or any other corporation, and, if so, the specification of the other class or series or other security, the conversion price or prices or rate or rates, any rate adjustments, the date or dates as of which the shares will be convertible and all other terms and conditions upon which the conversion may be made; (9) conditions or restrictions on the issuance of shares of the same series or of any other class or series of the Preferred Shares; (10) the voting rights, if any, of the holders of the series; and (11) the rights to elect one or more directors of the Corporation. In case the number of shares of any series shall be decreased, the shares constituting such decrease shall resume the status of undesignated Preferred Shares.
Series A Preferred Stock
The holder of the single authorized and outstanding share of our Series A Preferred Stock is entitled to 51% of the total number of votes, voted together with the holders of our common stock as a single class, in connection with the election of directors and all other matters submitted to a vote of shareholders. The holder of our Series A Preferred Stock is not entitled to dividends, except that if a dividend is declared on our common stock, the holder of the Series A Preferred Stock shall participate in such dividend as if such Series A Preferred Stock had been converted into our common stock.
The holder of the Series A Preferred Stock is not entitled to any special redemption rights and there is no sinking fund provision with respect to outstanding shares of our Series A Preferred Stock. In the event of liquidation, the holder of Series A Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to a liquidation preference over the holders of common stock, but shall share pro rata in any sum owed to the holders of our common in connection with a liquidation event as if such Series A Preferred Stock had been converted into common stock.
The Series A Preferred Stock is convertible at any time, upon ten days’ notice to us, into one share of our common stock at the option of the Series A Preferred Stock holder.
For as long as there is one share of the Series A Preferred Stock outstanding, the holder of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to nominate one director to our Board of Directors. Since 2016, Marc Fogassa, our Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman has owned the only issued and outstanding share of Series A Preferred Stock.
Amended and Restated Bylaws
Our Bylaws provide that the annual meeting of the shareholder shall be on such day within or without the Marshall Islands as the Board of Directors may determine, for the purpose of electing directors and other business as may be properly brought to such meeting.
A special meeting of the shareholders can be called at any time by the Board of Directors, the Chairman, the President, or by shareholders owning not less than 25% of all the outstanding shares entitled to vote at such special meeting.
10.C. Material Contracts.
The following descriptions of the material provisions of the referenced agreements do not purport to be complete and are subject to and qualified in their entirety by reference to the agreements.
On July 27, 2016, we entered into a Registration Rights Agreement (as defined herein) with Atlas Lithium, pursuant to which Atlas Lithium will have the right to participate in certain securities registrations under the Securities Act.
On October 31, 2024, we entered into the Merger Agreement with Apollo Resources Corporation, pursuant to which Apollo Resources Corporation merged with and into us, with us being the surviving entity of the Merger. The Merger was consummated on November 19, 2024.
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On December 19, 2024, we entered into the Option Agreement with Atlas Lithium, pursuant to which we acquired an option to acquire 100% of the equity interests of Brazil Minerals Resources Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Atlas Lithium Corporation.
For additional information regarding the Registration Rights Agreement, the Option Agreement and the Merger Agreement, please see “Item 7.B Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions.”
10.D. Exchange Controls
Foreign direct investment in Brazil is governed by Law number 14.286 of December 29, 2021 (the “New Foreign Exchange Law”), replacing Brazilian Laws number. 4.131 (1962) and number 11.371 (2006), incorporating crucial amendments. Under the New Foreign Exchange Law, foreign direct investors must adhere to a set of reporting and regulatory obligations.
Foreign investments, whether in the form of portfolio investments or direct investments in the capital market by individuals or entities, are subject to rigorous registration requirements. Portfolio investments, now regulated by Brazil Monetary Council (“CMN”) Resolution number 4.373 since March 30, 2015, have introduced changes aimed at facilitating the entry of foreign investors into the Brazilian financial and capital markets.
Non-resident investors are obligated to report their status to the Brazilian Central Bank, appoint a tax representative, and engage a representative in Brazil for service of process in suits under Brazilian Corporate Law. Additionally, investments exceeding US$ 100,000.00 require prompt reporting to the Brazilian Central Bank through the Foreign Capital Information Reporting System – Foreign Direct Investment within 30 days of funds flowing into Brazil.
The reporting obligations extend to various aspects, including the remittance of profits abroad, the repatriation of capital, and the formalization of reinvestments. Investments are reported in the foreign currency of origin or in Brazilian currency if derived from a non-resident account in Brazil.
Other than such reporting obligations, foreign investment is not subject to government approvals or authorizations and there are no requirements regarding minimum investment or local participation in capital (except in very limited cases such as in regard to financial institutions, insurance companies and other entities subject to specific regulations). Foreign participation, however, is limited (that is, subject to approvals) or forbidden in several sectors.
Foreign investments in currency must be officially channeled through financial institutions duly authorized to deal in foreign exchange. Foreign currency must be converted into Brazilian currency and vice versa through the execution of an exchange contract. Foreign investments may also be made through the contribution of assets and equipment intended for the local production of goods and services.
The role of attorneys-in-fact from the previous legislation has evolved into the appointment of a representative in Brazil. This representative, authorized by the Brazilian Central Bank, assumes responsibility for compliance with registration and reporting requirements.
Remittances abroad, covering the distribution of profits or interest on equity and repatriation of capital, follow a meticulous process involving foreign exchange contracts. These contracts are established between the Brazilian company and an authorized Brazilian commercial bank, reflecting the exchange of Brazilian currency into foreign currency at an agreed-upon rate.
While historical instances, such as the freeze on dividend and capital repatriations in 1989 and 1990, demonstrated the government’s use of temporary restrictions to protect foreign currency reserves, the New Foreign Exchange Law provides a framework for potential future restrictions. The likelihood of such restrictions is influenced by factors such as Brazil’s foreign currency reserves, availability of foreign currency, debt service burden, policy towards the International Monetary Fund, and broader political constraints.
10.E. Taxation
Investors should consult their own tax advisor regarding the specific tax consequences of owning and disposing of our common stock, including eligibility for the benefits of any treaty for the avoidance of double taxation, the applicability or effect of any special rules to which they may be subject, and the effect of any state, local, or other tax laws.
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Marshall Islands Tax Considerations
The following is applicable only to persons who are not citizens of and do not reside in, maintain offices in or engage in business, transactions or operations in the Marshall Islands.
Non-resident shareholders in Marshall Islands are not subject to Marshall Islands stamp, capital gains or other taxes on the purchase, ownership or disposition of our common shares, and will not be required by the Marshall Islands to file a tax return related to our common shares.
10.F. Dividends and Paying Agents.
Not applicable.
10.G. Statement by Experts.
Orlando Garcia Rocha Filho (“Orlando”) is a professional Geologist whose education and experience satisfy the requirements of a “qualified person” under S-K 1300 and who prepared the Rio Piracicaba Technical Report Summary. Orlando is not an affiliated with us or has any interest in us and has approved the summary of the Rio Piracicaba Technical Report Summary set forth in this “Properties” section.
Bruno Vieira Pereira (“Bruno”) is a professional Engineer whose education and experience satisfy the requirements of a “qualified person” under S-K 1300 and who prepared the Rio Piracicaba Technical Report Summary. Bruno is not an affiliated with us or has any interest in us and has approved the summary of the Rio Piracicaba Technical Report Summary set forth in this “Properties” section.
SGS Canada Inc. is a third-party firm that employs a professional geologist whose education and experience satisfy the requirements of a “qualified person” under S-K 1300 and who prepared the Alto Paranaíba, the Malacacheta and the Iporá Technical Reports Summary. Neither SGS Canada Inc. nor such qualified person is affiliated with us or has any interest in us and has approved the summaries of the Technical Reports set forth in this “Properties” section.
10.H. Documents on Display.
We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to foreign private issuers and, in accordance with these requirements, we file reports with the SEC. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act relating to the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act.
You may read and copy any documents that we file with the SEC, including this Report and the related exhibits, without charge at the web site maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov.
10.I. Subsidiary Information.
Not applicable.
10.J. Annual Report to Securities Holders
Not applicable.
Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk.
We consider market risk to be the potential loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices. In the ordinary course of our business as currently conducted, which primarily consists of our mining development activities, we are not exposed to market risk of the sort that may arise from changes in commodity prices, interest rates or foreign currency exchange rates.
Foreign Exchange Risk
Foreign currency risk is created by fluctuations in the fair value or cash flows of financial instruments due to changes in foreign exchange rates. Our foreign currency risk arises primarily with respect to the Brazilian real, as fluctuations in the exchange rates between these currencies and the U.S. dollar could have a material impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Interest Rate Risk
As of the date of this report on Form 20-F, we have no floating rate indebtedness.
Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities.
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies.
None material.
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds.
Not applicable.
Item 15. Controls and Procedures.
(a) Disclosure Controls And Procedures
Our management has evaluated the design, operation, and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act as of December 31, 2025. On the basis of that evaluation, management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are designed, and are effective, to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted pursuant to the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b) Management’s Report On Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.
Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and financial officer and effected by our Board of Directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements on a timely basis. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management performed an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting at December 31, 2025, utilizing the criteria described in the “Internal Control — Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The objective of this assessment was to determine whether our internal control over financial reporting was effective on December 31, 2025.
Based on the management’s assessment, we have concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective on December 31, 2025.
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(c) Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm.
Not applicable.
(d) Changes In Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 2025, which have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 16. Reserved
16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
Nasdaq rules require that our Audit Committee be composed of at least three members all of whom are “independent directors” who are “financially literate” as defined under the Nasdaq listing standards. While we established an Audit Committee, we intend to utilize the phase-in provisions of Rule 5615(b) for the composition of the Audit Committee requirement so that the Company has three Audit Committee members who are considered independent under the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market.
The Nasdaq listing standards define “financially literate” as being able to read and understand fundamental financial statements, including a company’s balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. In addition, we are required to certify to Nasdaq that the committee has, and will continue to have, at least one member who has past employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite professional certification in accounting, or other comparable experience or background that results in the individual’s financial sophistication. As of the date hereof, our Audit Committee was composed of the following two directors, all of whom have been affirmatively determined by our Board of Directors to meet the definition of “independent director” for purposes of serving on an Audit Committee under Rule 10A-3 and Nasdaq rules, all of whom qualify as financial experts:
| 1. | Agenor Narciso Drumond de Cuculicchio, Esq. |
| 2. | Gabriel Santos Cordeiro de Andrade, Esq. |
Mr. Andrade is an independent member of our Audit Committee who qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K.
Item 16B. Code of Ethics.
We have adopted a code of ethics to apply to all of our directors, officers, and employees.
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
Pipara & Co. LLP has served as our independent registered public accounting firm for our financial statements as of December 31, 2025 and has audited our fiscal years ended December 31,2024 and 2023. This firm billed the following fees to us for professional services related to such date and periods:
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Audit Fees | $ | 85,717 | 46,500 | 22,000 | ||||||||
| Audit-Related Fees | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Tax Fees | — | — | — | |||||||||
| All Other Fees | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 85,717 | 46,500 | 22,000 | ||||||||
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“Audit Fees” are the aggregate fees billed for the audit of our annual financial statements. This category also includes services that generally the independent accountant provides, such as consents and assistance with and review of documents filed with the SEC.
“Audit-Related Fees” are the aggregate fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit and are not reported under Audit Fees. These fees include mainly accounting consultations regarding the accounting treatment of matters that occur in the regular course of business, implications of new accounting pronouncements and other accounting issues that occur from time to time.
“Tax Fees” are the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered for tax compliance, tax advice, other than in connection with the audit. Tax compliance involves preparation of original and amended tax returns, tax planning and tax advice.
“All Other Fees” are the aggregate fees billed for products and services, other than the services reported on the preceding lines.
All of the audit and non-audit services to us were pre-approved by our Board of Directors.
Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees.
Not applicable.
Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.
None.
Item 16F. Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant.
Not applicable.
Item 16G. Corporate Governance.
Nasdaq Listing Rules require listed companies to have, among other things, a majority of its board members be independent. The corporate governance practice in our home country does not require a majority of our board to consist of independent directors. Although, as a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to follow home country practice in lieu of the above requirements, we will comply with the above requirement from Nasdaq within one year of listing.
In addition, Nasdaq Listing Rules also require foreign private issuers to have a compensation committee, a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors, and an audit committee with a minimum of three members. Even though we, as foreign private issuers, are not subject to these requirements, we already have all the required committees and will fully comply with Nasdaq Listing Rules requirements within one year from the listing.
Nasdaq Listing Rules may require shareholder approval for certain corporate matters, such as requiring that shareholders be given the opportunity to vote on all equity compensation plans and material revisions to those plans, certain common share issuances. We intend to comply with the requirements of Nasdaq Listing Rules in determining whether shareholder approval is required on such matters and to appoint a nominating and corporate governance committee.
Item 16H. Mine Safety Disclosure.
Not applicable.
Item 16I. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.
Not applicable.
Item 16J. Insider Trading Policies.
We
have
Item 16K. Cybersecurity.
We currently manage our cybersecurity risk through a variety of practices that are applicable to all users of our information technology and information assets, including our employees and contractors. We use a combination of technology, policies, training, and monitoring to promote security awareness and prevent security incidents.
Due to the early stage of development of our projects, we believe we have limited exposure to cyber threats other than emails and project data storage. Financial transactions are enabled through well-stablished financial institutions and accounting and employee information storage are outsourced to an external accounting firm.
We
Our
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PART III
Item 17. Financial Statements.
We have responded to Item 18 in lieu of this item.
Item 18. Financial Statements.
The financial statements required by this item are found at the end of this annual report, beginning on page F-1.
Item 19. Exhibits.
| Exhibit Number | Description of Exhibit | |
| 1.1 | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Report on Form F-1/A, filed with the SEC on January 2, 2026) | |
| 1.2 | Articles of Amendment, dated as of December 20, 2024, to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Report on Form F-1/A, filed with the SEC on January 2, 2026) | |
| 1.3 | Certificate of Correction, dated as of January 27, 2025, to Articles of Amendment of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 to the Company’s Form 20-F filed February 28, 2025). | |
| 1.4 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 of the Company’s Report on Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on November 22, 2024) | |
| 2.1 | Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.4 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1, filed with the SEC on December 1, 2016) | |
| 3.1 | Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2016, by and between the Company and Atlas Lithium Corporation (f/k/a Brazil Minerals, Inc.) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1, filed with the SEC on December 1, 2016) | |
| 4.1 | Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 31, 2024, by and between Jupiter Gold Corporation and Apollo Resources Corporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Report on Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on November 6, 2024) | |
| 4.3 | Jupiter Gold Corporation 2016 Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-1, filed with the SEC on December 1, 2016) | |
| 8.1 | List of subsidiaries of Atlas Critical Minerals Corporation* | |
| 10.1 | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Marc Fogassa, dated June 26, 2024 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-1, filed with the SEC on January 2, 2026) | |
| 10.2 | Executive Employment Agreement dated October 30, 2025, by and between the Company and Igor Tkachenko* | |
| 10.3 | Option Agreement, dated as of December 19, 2024, between Jupiter Gold Corporation and Atlas Lithium Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 20-F, filed on February 28, 2025) | |
| 10.4 | Insider Trading Policy* | |
| 12.1 | Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”)* |
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| 12.2 | Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act* | |
| 13.1 | Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act** | |
| 13.2 | Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act** | |
| 15.1 | Consent of Pipara & Co LLP – Auditor’s report for the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025 – Atlas Critical Minerals Corporation | |
| 96.1 | Technical Report Summary regarding the Rio Piracicaba Project, updated as of June 16, 2025 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 96.1 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1, filed with the SEC on January 2, 2026) | |
| 96.2 | Technical Report Summary regarding the Alto do Paranaiba Project, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 96.1 to the Company’s Form 6-K filed on August 14, 2025) | |
| 96.3 | Technical Report Summary regarding the Malacacheta Project, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 96.1 to the Company’s Form 6-K filed on November 12, 2025) | |
| 96.4 | Technical Report Summary regarding the Iporá Project, Goiás State, Brazil (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 96.1 to the Company’s Form 6-K, filed on October 3, 2025) | |
| 99.1 | Immaterial Mineral Rights of Atlas Critical Minerals Corporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1, filed with the SEC on January 2, 2026) | |
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document | |
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document Section 1350 | |
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |
*Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith.
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SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
| ATLAS CRITICAL MINERALS CORPORATION | ||
| (Registrant) | ||
| /s/ Marc Fogassa | ||
| By: | Marc Fogassa | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
| Date: February 20, 2026 | ||
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ATLAS CRITICAL MINERALS CORPORATION
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2025 and 2024
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Atlas Critical Minerals Corporation (ATCX)
Opinion on the Financial Statements
Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern
The Company suffered losses from operations in CY 2025 and CY2024 and has an accumulated deficiency in the period ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 that raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going-concern basis. Management’s plans to alleviate this substantial doubt are also described in Note 1 and include the completion of an upsized firm commitment underwritten public offering of the Company’s common stock in January’2026, which resulted in net proceeds of approximately $9.7 million. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.
/s/ Pipara & Co LLP
For,
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2024
Place:
Date: February 20, 2026
| F-1 |
ATLAS CRITICAL MINERALS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accounts Receivable | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Taxes recoverable | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Inventories | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Other current assets | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total current assets | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Other non-current assets | ||||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT | ||||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Related party transactions | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Other current liabilities | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Non Current liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Other non-current liabilities | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total non-current liabilities | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||||||
| Series A preferred stock, $ par value, shares authorized; share issued and outstanding | ||||||||||||
| Common stock, $ par value. shares authorized; and and shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025, December 31, 2024, December 31, 2023 respectively | ||||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | ||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
| F-2 |
ATLAS CRITICAL MINERALS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
| Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Gross revenues | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Sales deductions | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cost of revenue | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||
| Gross profit | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Stock based compensation | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Total operating expenses | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Loss from operations | $ | ( | ) | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Other expense (income): | ||||||||||||
| Other (expense) income | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Finance (costs) income | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||
| Total other expense (income) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Loss before provision for income taxes | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Basic and diluted loss per share | ||||||||||||
| Net loss per share | $ | ) | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||||
| Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | ||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss: | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||
| Comprehensive loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
| F-3 |
ATLAS CRITICAL MINERALS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
| Series A Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in | Other Comprehensive | Accumulated | Total Stockholders’ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Value | Shares | Value | Capital | Income (Loss) | Deficit | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with sales made under private offerings | - | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | - | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in foreign currency translation | - | - | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | - | - | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with sales made under private offerings | - | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | - | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in foreign currency translation | - | - | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | - | - | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with sales made under private offerings | - | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effects of the merger with Apollo Resources Corp. | - | $ | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | - | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in foreign currency translation | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with sales made under private offerings | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BMR Purchase Option Agreement | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in foreign currency translation | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2025 | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
| F-4 |
ATLAS CRITICAL MINERALS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities of continuing operations: | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation and services | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Provisions for contingencies | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Impairment losses | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Gain/loss in foreign exchange transactions | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ||||||||||||
| Income taxes, net | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
| Inventories | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Trade receivable and other assets | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||||||
| Cash received from the merger transaction | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Acquisition of capital assets | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||||||
| Related party | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||
| Net proceeds from sale of common stock | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||
| Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
The non-cash impacts of the merger with Apollo did not impact the cash flow statement. Please refer to note 2 for the details of the balances merged into the Company’s financial statements.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
| F-5 |
ATLAS CRITICAL MINERALS CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION, BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization and Description of Business
On July 27, 2016, Atlas Critical Minerals Corporation
(“Atlas Critical Minerals”) was incorporated as Jupiter Gold Corporation (“Jupiter Gold”) under the laws of the
Republic of the Marshall Islands. Concurrently, Atlas Lithium Corporation (“Atlas Lithium”), a Nevada corporation, exchanged
its
On October 31, 2024, the Company and Apollo Resources
Corporation, a Republic of the Marshall Islands corporation (“Apollo”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, which
provided for, among other things, the merger of Apollo with and into the Company (the “Merger”), with the Company continuing
its corporate existence as the surviving corporation. Prior to the Merger, Apollo Resources was
On November 19, 2024, following satisfaction and/or waiver of the closing conditions in the Merger Agreement, including (i) approval of the transactions contemplated under the Merger Agreement by the requisite vote of the shareholders of Jupiter Gold and Apollo, respectively, (ii) Apollo delivering letters of transmittal to the Company completed and executed by Participating Securityholders (as defined in the Merger Agreement) holding at least 95% of the Outstanding Apollo Securities (as defined in the Merger Agreement), which included a waiver of their appraisal or dissenters’ rights under the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act (the “BCA”), and (iii) each of the Company and Apollo having performed or complied in all material respects with all agreements and covenants required by the Merger Agreement on or prior to the Effective Time (as defined in the Merger Agreement), the Merger was consummated and Apollo merged with and into the Company.
In connection with the consummation of the Merger,
Following the Merger, the previously subsidiaries of Apollo became subsidiaries of the Company. After the merger, the Company’s subsidiaries include the previously held MJL and the acquired through the Merger Mineração Apollo Ltda (“MAL”), Mineração Duas Barras (“MDB”) and RST Recursos Minerais (“RST”), each organized under the laws of Brazil and wholly owned by the Company.
On December 20, 2024, the Articles of Incorporation of the Company were amended to change the name of the Company to Atlas Critical Minerals Corporation. This name change was carried out to reflect a broader focus of the Company following its merger with Apollo Resources Corporation.
| F-6 |
The Company’s mineral properties are in exploration or pre-exploration phases except for the following:
| ● | Rio Piracicaba Iron Ore
Project: located in Rio Piracicaba, in the Iron Ore Quadrangle region of Minas Gerais state; our project is fully permitted for an
open pit mine operation and a dry processing facility. The Company has entered into a lease agreement with a third party
(“Lessee”). The Lessee is responsible for the mining activities and pays the Company an amount for each tonne mined
based on a percentage of the international price of iron ore 62% Fe. Such iron ore operations started on November 28, 2025 and
resulted in net revenues of $ |
| ● | Quartzite Project: located
in Minas Gerais state. In 2024, operations were started, and we produced and sold both quartzite blocks and beneficiated slabs to
clients in Brazil and abroad. Net revenues generated during 2024 amounted to $ |
Segment reporting
The Company has one reportable segment: mining. The mining segment derives revenue in Brazil by mining, beneficiating and selling material mined from the Company’s several mining rights. Currently the Company generates revenue solely from two operating projects: Quartzite and Iron Ore. The other mining projects are in exploration phase.
The accounting policies of the mining segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies.
The chief operating decision maker (CODM) of the mining segment is the Company’s chief executive officer. The CODM regularly reviews the revenue, significant expenses categories, including exploration and evaluation costs, and general and administrative expenses.
Total segment assets as of December 31, 2025,
were $
The CODM uses the gross profit of the reportable segment, presented on the Company’s consolidated statements of operation, as the only profit and loss measure for the decision-making process for the allocation of resources.
All of the Company’s revenue and long-lived
assets are located in Brazil. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company had 4 customers accounting for more than 10% of the Company’s
revenue each (the combination of them represented
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements of the Company
have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) of the United States of America and
are expressed in United States dollars. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the consolidated financial statements include
the accounts of the Company, its
All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingencies at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Going Concern
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has incurred losses since its inception and has not yet generated material revenues from the sale of its products or services. These factors created substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustment that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.
The Company announced on
January 12, 2026 the closing of its upsized firm commitment underwritten public offering of shares of its common stock, including
shares of its common stock pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option, at a public price of
$ per share. The net proceeds from the offering were approximately $
Following the offering in January 2026, the Company believes it has sufficient cash to fund normal operations and meet debt obligations for the next 12 months and therefore the financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company follows the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820 – Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure. Fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The guidance also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability. The guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1. Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
Level 2. Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3. Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company did not have any level 2 or 3 assets or liabilities.
The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses. The carrying amount of these financial instruments approximates fair value due to either length of maturity or interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates unless otherwise disclosed in these consolidated financial statements.
| F-7 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid instruments
purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents to the extent that the funds are not being held for investment
purposes. Funds held in Brazilian banks are insured up to
Trade Receivable
Trade receivables represent amounts to be received from clients due to the sale of quartzite products and the lease of of one of our iron ore mineral rights. The Company recognizes it following revenue recognition when control of the product is transferred to customers and the company has an unconditional right to receive payment for it.
Initial recognition is made at fair value, which usually corresponds to the price of the transaction (invoice), and subsequently assessed to determine the recoverability of the amounts in every balance sheet date.
Inventories
The Company values its inventories in accordance with ASC 330 - Inventory, which requires that inventories be valued at the lower of cost or market. The cost of inventories is determined using the weighted average cost method.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Major improvements and betterments are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life. At the time of retirement or other disposition of property and equipment, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the statements of operations as other gain or loss, net.
The diamond and gold processing plant, facilities
and other machinery are depreciated over an estimated useful life of
Mineral Properties
Costs of exploration, carrying and retaining unproven mineral lease properties are expensed as incurred. Mineral property acquisition costs, including licenses and lease payments, are capitalized. Impairment losses are recorded on mineral properties used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets’ carrying amount. The Company did not recognize any impairment losses related to mineral properties held during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
For intangible assets purchased in a business combination, the estimated fair values of the assets received are used to establish their recorded values. For intangible assets acquired in a non-monetary exchange, the estimated fair values of the assets transferred (or the estimated fair values of the assets received, if more clearly evident) are used to establish their recorded values, unless the values of neither the assets received nor the assets transferred are determinable within reasonable limits, in which case the assets received are measured based on the carrying values of the assets transferred. Valuation techniques consistent with the market approach, income approach and/or cost approach are used to measure fair value. These rights are held in perpetuity provided the Company remains in compliance with various government regulations and industry requirements.
Mineral properties are amortized throughout the life of the property based on an units-of-production method.
Revenue recognition
Revenues from sales are recognized when control of the product is transferred to customers, in accordance with the INCOTERMS involved in each sales contract. Following ASC 606, the Company follows the 5-step model in order to recognize revenue in accordance with the core principle.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
For long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization, the Company continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances are present, the Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less costs to sell.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company records stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. ASC 718 requires companies to measure compensation cost for stock-based employee compensation at fair value at the grant date and recognize the expense over the employee’s requisite service period. Under ASC 718, volatility is based on the historical volatility of our stock or the expected volatility of the stock of similar companies. The expected life assumption is primarily based on historical exercise patterns and employee post-vesting termination behavior. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.
| F-8 |
The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which was developed for use in estimating the fair value of options. Option-pricing models require the input of highly complex and subjective variables including the expected life of options granted and the expected volatility of our stock price over a period equal to or greater than the expected life of the options. Because changes in the subjective assumptions can materially affect the estimated value of our employee stock options, it is management’s opinion that the Black-Scholes option-pricing model may not provide an accurate measure of the fair value of our employee stock options. Although the fair value of employee stock options is determined in accordance with ASC Topic 718 using an option-pricing model, that value may not be indicative of the fair value observed in a willing buyer/willing seller market transaction.
On June 20, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07 which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments granted to nonemployees for goods and services. Under the ASU, most of the guidance on such payments to nonemployees would be aligned with the requirements for share-based payments granted to employees. Equity classified share-based payments for employees are fixed at the time of grant. Equity-classified nonemployee share-based payment awards are measured at the grant date of the award which is the same as share-based payments for employees. The Company adopted the requirements of the new rule as of January 1, 2019, the effective date of the new guidance.
Foreign Currency
The Company’s subsidiaries, MJL, MAL, MDB, and RST, use their local currency (Brazilian Real) as their functional currency. Resulting translation gains or losses are recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Transaction gains or losses related to balances denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.
The Company computes loss per share in accordance with ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share, which requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share on the face of the statement of operations. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during the period. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s potentially dilutive securities relate to common stock issuable in connection with options. Diluted EPS excludes all dilutive potential shares if their effect is anti-dilutive.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect and that may impact its financial statements and does not believe that there are any other new pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations except as noted below:
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The amendments in this Update require disclosure, in the notes to financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses. The amendments in this Update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will analyse the impacts of this Update in the upcoming years and anticipate that it will not adopt the Update early.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments. The Board issued this Update to improve the relevance and consistency in application of the induced conversion guidance in Subtopic 470-20, Debt— Debt with Conversion and Other Options. The amendments in this Update clarify the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments should be accounted for as an induced conversion. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted for all entities that have adopted the amendments in Update 2020-06. Management does not expect this new guidance to have any impacts on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-03, Business Combinations and Consolidation — Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a Variable Interest Entity. The amendments in this Update require an entity involved in an acquisition transaction effected primarily by exchanging equity interests when the legal acquiree is a VIE that meets the definition of a business to consider the factors in paragraphs 805-10-55-12 through 55-15 to determine which entity is the accounting acquirer. The amendments in this Update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company will analyse the impacts of this Update in the upcoming years and anticipate that it will not adopt the Update early.
In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-04, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Clarifications to Share-Based Consideration Payable to a Customer. The amendments in this Update revise the Master Glossary definition of the term performance condition for share-based consideration payable to a customer. The revised definition incorporates conditions (such as vesting conditions) that are based on the volume or monetary amount of a customer’s purchases (or potential purchases) of goods or services from the grantor (including over a specified period of time). The revised definition also incorporates performance targets based on purchases made by other parties that purchase the grantor’s goods or services from the grantor’s customers. The revised definition of the term performance condition cannot be applied by analogy to awards granted to employees and nonemployees in exchange for goods or services to be used or consumed in the grantor’s own operations. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods (including interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods) beginning after December 15, 2026. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. Management does not expect this new guidance to have any impacts on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
| F-9 |
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. The amendments in this Update provide (1) all entities with a practical expedient and (2) entities other than public business entities with an accounting policy election when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606, as follows:
1. Practical expedient. In developing reasonable and supportable forecasts as part of estimating expected credit losses, all entities may elect a practical expedient that assumes that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset.
2. Accounting policy election. An entity other than a public business entity that elects the practical expedient is permitted to make an accounting policy election to consider collection activity after the balance sheet date when estimating expected credit losses.
The amendments will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Management does not expect this new guidance to have material impacts on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-07, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) — Derivatives Scope Refinements and Scope Clarification for Share-Based Noncash Consideration from a Customer in a Revenue Contract. The amendments in this Update exclude from derivative accounting nonexchange-traded contracts with underlying that are based on operations or activities specific to one of the parties to the contract. However, this scope exception does not apply to (1) variables based on a market rate, market price, or market index, (2) variables based on the price or performance of a financial asset or financial liability of one of the parties to the contract, (3) contracts (or features) involving the issuer’s own equity that are evaluated under the guidance in Subtopic 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, and (4) call options and put options on debt instruments. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. Management does not expect this new guidance to have material impacts on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-09, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) — Hedge Accounting Improvements. The amendments in this Update clarify certain aspects of the guidance on hedge accounting and to address several incremental hedge accounting issues arising from the global reference rate reform initiative. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Management does not expect this new guidance to have material impacts on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270) — Narrow-Scope Improvements. The amendments in this Update clarify interim disclosure requirements and the applicability of Topic 270. The amendments in this Update are effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company will analyse the impacts of this Update in the upcoming years and anticipate that it will not adopt the Update early.
| F-10 |
NOTE 2 – ACCOUNTING IMPACTS ARISING FROM THE MERGER WITH APOLLO
As discussed in Note 1, Organization and Description of Business, on November 19, 2024, the Company consummated a merger transaction through which Apollo Resources Corporation (“Apollo”), an entity under the same control of the Company, was merged with and into the Company. Such a transfer of net assets between entities under the control of the same parent is referred to under US GAAP as a common-control transaction.
The growing demand for critical minerals needed for clean energy technologies and high-tech applications presents significant long-term opportunities. The Company’s goal is to become a leading critical mineral resources company supplying materials for the rapidly growing clean energy technologies. The acquisition of Apollo Resources’ mineral rights on critical minerals strengthens the Company’s portfolio of critical minerals and improves its position to become a leading supplier in this industry.
The fair value of the net assets acquired was determined
at $
While a common-control asset acquisition transaction is similar to a business combination for the entity that receives the net assets or equity interests, such a transaction does not meet the definition of a business combination. Acquisition of assets that are under common control are excluded from the scope of the business combinations guidance and are addressed specifically by subsection ASC 805-50, which requires the receiving entity to recognize the net assets received at their historical carrying amounts, as reflected in the ultimate parent’s financial statements.
The table below presents the consolidated balance sheet of the Company in the effective date of the merger and the accounting impacts arising from the recognition of the net assets of Apollo at their historical carrying value, as required by ASC 805-50 for common-control transactions:
| Consolidated | Merged | Consolidated | ||||||||||
| pre-merger | entity | post-merger | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||||||
| Accounts Receivable | ||||||||||||
| Taxes recoverable | ||||||||||||
| Inventory | ||||||||||||
| Other current assets | ||||||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||||||||||
| Total assets | ||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT | ||||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ||||||||||||
| Related party transactions | ||||||||||||
| Other current liabilities | ||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||||||
| Non Current liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Other non-current liabilities | ||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | ||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | ||||||||||||
| F-11 |
The table below presents the balance sheet of Atlas Critical Minerals including the acquired assets and assumed liabilities as if the acquisition had occurred in the beginning of the period, compared to the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024:
ATLAS CRITICAL MINERALS CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| ATLAS CRITICAL MINERALS CORP December 31, | APOLLO RESOURCES CORP December 31, | INTRAGROUP | PRO- FORMA CONSOLIDATED December 31, | ATLAS CRITICAL MINERALS CORP December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2023 | TRANSACTIONS | 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Accounts Receivable | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxes recoverable | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Related party transactions | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other current assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Related party transactions | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other current liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non Current liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-current liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | ||||||||||||||||||||
| F-12 |
NOTE 3 – COMPOSITION OF CERTAIN FINANCIAL STATEMENT ITEMS
Inventories
Inventories are composed of quartzite blocks and slabs generated by the cut and polishing process of the blocks. Both products are actively sold in the market, therefore considered finished products:
| December 31 | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Quartzite unprocessed blocks | ||||||||||||
| Quartzite processed slabs | ||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||
Quartzite inventories only contain slabs produced through the cutting and polishing of natural quartzite, which are currently stored in the manufacturer’s warehouse. Slabs are actively sold in the market and classified as finished goods.
Property and Equipment, Net
The following table sets forth the components of the Company’s property and equipment as at December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:
| December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Cost | Accumulated Depreciation | Net Book Value | ||||||||||
| Computers and office equipment | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||
| Machinery and equipment | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Mining Rights (1) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Land | ||||||||||||
| Facilities | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total fixed assets | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Cost | Accumulated Depreciation | Net Book Value | ||||||||||
| Computers and office equipment | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Machinery and equipment (2) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||
| Mining rights (3) | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Facilities | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||
| Vehicles | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Total fixed assets | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||
| F-13 |
| December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Cost | Accumulated Depreciation | Net Book Value | ||||||||||
| Computers and office equipment | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Machinery and equipment | ||||||||||||
| Vehicles | ||||||||||||
| Total fixed assets | $ | |||||||||||
For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and
2023, the Company recorded depreciation expense of $
| (1) | ||
| (2) | ||
| (3) |
In 2023, the Company proceeded to an impairment analysis
on its property and equipment and intangibles and concluded that, other than the gold processing plant acquired in 2023, there was no
expectation of future economic benefits being generated from the assets use or disposal, affecting the main condition for an asset to
be recognized. As a result, an impairment loss of $
| December 31, | Foreign currency | Impairment | December 31, | |||||||||||||
| 2022 | translation | losses | 2023 | |||||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Intangibles, net | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| ( | ) | |||||||||||||||
| F-14 |
Related Party Receivables/Payables
As of December 31, 2025, there are $
Following the uplisting on Nasdaq in January 2026, the Company used part of the funds raised to repay the loan owed to Atlas Lithium. Currently, there is no outstanding balance between the Company and Atlas Lithium.
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||
| Trade payables | $ | |||||||||||
| Payroll and social charges | $ | |||||||||||
| Taxes payable | $ | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
Other current assets are essentially comprised
of the amounts paid to Atlas Lithium following the Option Agreement, pursuant to which we acquired an option to
acquire
The table below summarizes the amounts presented as Other Current Assets:
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||
| Option agreement | ||||||||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||
NOTE 4 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Issued and Authorized
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had shares of its common stock and share of its preferred stock issued and outstanding. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had shares of its common stock and share of its preferred stock issued and outstanding. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had ( on December 31, 2024) common shares and ( on December 31, 2024) preferred shares authorized.
Common Stock
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock, as follows:
| Number of shares | $ | |||||||
| Shares arising from stock-based compensation to executives | ||||||||
| Issuance of shares in connection with sales made under private offerings | ||||||||
| Purchase Option Agreement | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company
issued and sold shares of common stock for cash proceeds of $
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company
issued and sold shares of common stock for cash proceeds of $
Preferred A Stock
In 2016, the Company issued to Marc Fogassa, its Founder,
Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman, one share of a Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Preferred A Stock”). The Certificate
of Designations, Preferences and Rights of Preferred A Stock provides that for so long as it is issued and outstanding, its holders shall
vote together as a single class with the holders of the Company’s common stock, with
| F-15 |
Stock Options
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company did not issue options to acquire shares of its common stock.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company
granted Mr. Fogassa as contractual compensation options to purchase an aggregate of shares of its common stock. Such options corresponded
to the period between January 1, 2024 to June 30, 2024. The options issued in 2024 were valued at $ in total. The options were valued
using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following average assumptions: our stock price on date of grant $ to $,
a strike price of $
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company
granted Mr. Fogassa as contractual compensation options to purchase an aggregate of
shares of its common stock. Such awards corresponded to the period between January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023. The options issued
in 2023 were valued at $
in total. The options were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following average assumptions: our stock price
on date of grant $
to $,
a strike price of $
| Number of Options | Average Exercise | Remaining Contractual Life | ||||||||||
| Outstanding | Price | (Years) | ||||||||||
| Outstanding, December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Issued in 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Exercised in 2023 | - | |||||||||||
| Outstanding, December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Issued in 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Exercised in 2024 | - | |||||||||||
| Outstanding, December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Issued in 2025 | - | - | ||||||||||
| Exercised in 2025 | - | - | ||||||||||
| Expired in 2025 | - | |||||||||||
| Outstanding, December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||
Stock Warrants
During the years ended December 31 2025, 2024 and
2023 the company did
Restricted Stock Units
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company granted RSUs to certain executives of the Company. Each RSU is redeemable for one share of the Company’s common stock immediately upon vesting. The RSUs granted with immediate-vesting and time-vesting conditions were as follows:
| 1) | RSUs which vested immediately upon grant. | |
| 2) | RSUs time-vest based, being % of the RSUs annually vested from 2025 to 2028. |
These RSUs granted with immediate-vesting and time-vesting
conditions were issued with a total grant date fair value of $
NOTE 5 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In January 2026, the Company successfully
completed an underwritten public offering of
shares of its common stock at a public offering price of US$
per share. In addition, the underwriters fully exercised their over-allotment option, contributing an additional
shares to the total offering, resulting in total gross proceeds of approximately US$
The proceeds are expected to be used to advance exploration and development activities on the Company’s mineral properties in Brazil and for general working capital purposes.
Concurrently with the offering, the Company received approval for the listing of its common shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market. The Company’s common stock commenced trading on Nasdaq on January 9, 2026, under the ticker symbol “ATCX”.
Appointment of New Vice-President Corporate Strategy
On February 1, 2026, the Company appointed Igor Tkachenko,
age 39, as the Company’s new Vice President of Corporate Strategy effectively immediately.
In accordance with FASB ASC 855-10 Subsequent Events, the Company has analyzed its operations subsequent to December 31, 2025 to the date these consolidated financial statements were issued, and has determined that it does not have any material subsequent events to disclose in these consolidated financial statements.
.
| F-16 |
FAQ
What is Atlas Critical Minerals Corporation (ATCX) and where does it operate?
What financial position does ATCX report in its 2025 Form 20-F?
How did Atlas Critical Minerals (ATCX) raise capital in early 2026?
What major corporate transactions has ATCX recently completed?
What is the option agreement between ATCX and Atlas Lithium?
What are the key risks highlighted for Atlas Critical Minerals (ATCX)?
How is voting control structured at Atlas Critical Minerals (ATCX)?
