[424B2] Citigroup Inc. Prospectus Supplement

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co., is offering 2-year Capped Dual Directional Buffered Return Enhanced Notes linked equally to the Nasdaq-100 Index (NDX) and the S&P 500 Index (SPX). The notes are unsecured, senior obligations and expose investors to the credit risk of both entities.

Key economic terms

• Principal denomination: $1,000 per note
• Pricing date: 31 Jul 2025; Observation date: 02 Aug 2027; Maturity: 05 Aug 2027
• Upside leverage: 2.00× on the lesser-performing underlying when both indices finish above their initial values, subject to a Maximum Upside Return ≥ 22.50%
• Buffer: 10.00% protection on downside losses
• Dual-directional feature: If the lesser-performing index is flat or down ≤ 10%, investors receive a positive payoff equal to the absolute return of that index, effectively capping gains at 10.00% in these scenarios
• Estimated value on pricing date: ≥ $900 (90% of face), lower than the $1,000 purchase price
• CUSIP: 48136FFR8

Payout mechanics

• Both indices up: $1,000 + $1,000 × (Lesser-performing return × 2.0), capped by Maximum Upside Return
• Either index ≤ Initial and ≥ –10%: $1,000 + $1,000 × |Lesser-performing return| (effective cap 10%)
• Either index < –10%: $1,000 + $1,000 × (Lesser-performing return + 10%), leading to partial to full principal loss

Investor considerations & risks

• No interim coupon, dividend, or voting rights
• Return is capped on both the upside (≥ 22.5%) and the dual-directional feature (10%)
• Downside risk beyond the 10% buffer can result in significant loss of principal
• Secondary market is limited; J.P. Morgan Securities LLC may—but is not obliged to—provide liquidity
• Pricing includes an internal funding rate; the estimated value is below issue price, creating an upfront cost to investors
• Potential conflicts of interest as JPMorgan acts as issuer, guarantor, calculation agent, and hedger
• Complex tax treatment; investors should consult advisers

The notes may appeal to investors seeking short-term, equity-linked exposure with modest downside protection and a leveraged upside, but they carry credit, market, liquidity, and structural cap risks that can materially limit returns or erode principal.

Insights

Structured Products Analyst

TL;DR: Equity-linked note offers 2× upside and 10% buffer but caps gains and exposes buyers to JPM credit and liquidity risk.

From a product-design perspective, JPMorgan’s dual-directional structure gives investors a modest hedge on the first 10% of losses and a 2× participation when both indices rise, yet gains are constrained by (i) a hard Maximum Upside Return (≥ 22.5%) and (ii) a 10% cap when one index finishes down or flat. The exclusion of interim coupons forces total return reliance on the terminal payoff. The minimum estimated value of 90% implies roughly 1%-1.5% annualized embedded costs plus dealer margin, typical for retail-focused structured notes. Credit exposure to JPM remains investment-grade but is non-trivial over a 2-year horizon. Suitability hinges on investors accepting capped upside for limited—but not full—downside protection.

Risk Analyst

TL;DR: Product is capital-at-risk; buffer is thin, liquidity uncertain, and valuation starts 10% below purchase price.

The 10% buffer can evaporate quickly in a bear market; beyond that, losses track the weaker index one-for-one. Because the estimated value is at least $900, buyers incur an immediate mark-to-model haircut, limiting secondary-market exit prices. Liquidity is dealer-driven, giving JPM significant pricing power. Correlation risk is high: a single index breach destroys the upside leverage and triggers downside calculations. For risk-averse portfolios, these notes add concentrated issuer risk without compensation compared with direct ETF exposure plus options.

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The information in this preliminary pricing supplement is not complete and may be changed. A registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This preliminary pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, underlying supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus are not an offer to sell these securities, nor are they soliciting an offer to buy these securities, in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 2, 2025

Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. July&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; , 2025 Medium-Term Senior Notes, Series N Pricing Supplement No. 2025-USNCH27416 Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2) Registration Statement Nos. 333-270327 and 333-270327-01

Dual Directional Buffer Securities Linked to the Worst Performing of the Nasdaq-100 Index^&reg; and the S&P 500^&reg; Index Due August 3, 2029

&squarf; The securities offered by this pricing supplement are unsecured debt securities issued by Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and guaranteed by Citigroup Inc. Unlike conventional debt securities, the securities do not pay interest and do not repay a fixed amount of principal at maturity. Instead, the securities offer a payment at maturity that may be greater than, equal to or less than the stated principal amount, depending on the performance of the worst performing of the underlyings specified below from its initial underlying value to its final underlying value.

&squarf; The securities offer modified exposure to the performance of the worst performing underlying, with (i) the opportunity to participate in the potential appreciation of the worst performing underlying at the participation rate specified below, (ii) the opportunity for a positive return at maturity if the worst performing underlying depreciates within a limited range (not more than the buffer percentage specified below) based on the absolute value of that depreciation and (iii) a limited buffer against any depreciation of the worst performing underlying in excess of the buffer percentage. In exchange for these features, investors in the securities must be willing to forgo any dividends with respect to any underlying. In addition, investors in the securities must be willing to accept downside exposure to any depreciation of the worst performing underlying in excess of the buffer percentage specified below. If the worst performing underlying depreciates by more than the buffer percentage from its initial underlying value to its final underlying value, you will lose 1% of the stated principal amount of your securities for every 1% by which that depreciation exceeds the buffer percentage.

&squarf; You will be subject to risks associated with each of the underlyings and will be negatively affected by adverse movements in any one of the underlyings.

&squarf; In order to obtain the modified exposure to the worst performing underlying that the securities provide, investors must be willing to accept (i) an investment that may have limited or no liquidity and (ii) the risk of not receiving any amount due under the securities if we and Citigroup Inc. default on our obligations. All payments on the securities are subject to the credit risk of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc.

KEY TERMS
Issuer:	Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Citigroup Inc.
Guarantee:	All payments due on the securities are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Citigroup Inc.

Underlyings:	Underlying	Initial underlying value*	Final buffer value**
 	Nasdaq-100 Index®
 	S&P 500® Index
 	*For each underlying, its closing value on the pricing date **For each underlying, 85.00% of its initial underlying value

Stated principal amount:	$1,000 per security
Pricing date:	July 31, 2025
Issue date:	August 5, 2025
Valuation date:	July 31, 2029, subject to postponement if such date is not a scheduled trading day or certain market disruption events occur
Maturity date:	August 3, 2029
Payment at maturity:	You will receive at maturity for each security you then hold: § If the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is greater than or equal to its initial underlying value: $1,000 + the upside return amount § If the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is less than its initial underlying value but greater than or equal to its final buffer value: $1,000 + the absolute return amount § If the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is less than its final buffer value: $1,000 + [$1,000 × (the underlying return of the worst performing underlying + the buffer percentage)] If the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is less than its final buffer value, which means that the worst performing underlying has depreciated from its initial underlying value by more than the buffer percentage, you will lose 1% of the stated principal amount of your securities at maturity for every 1% by which that depreciation exceeds the buffer percentage.
Final underlying value:	For each underlying, its closing value on the valuation date
Upside return amount:	$1,000 × the underlying return of the worst performing underlying × the participation rate
Participation rate:	At least 103.50%. The actual participation rate will be determined on the pricing date.
Absolute return amount:	$1,000 × the absolute value of the underlying return of the worst performing underlying
Worst performing underlying:	The underlying with the lowest underlying return
Underlying return:	For each underlying, (i) its final underlying value minus its initial underlying value, divided by (ii) its initial underlying value
Buffer percentage:	15.00%
Listing:	The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange
CUSIP / ISIN:	17333LGD1 / US17333LGD10
Underwriter:	Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (“CGMI”), an affiliate of the issuer, acting as principal
Underwriting fee and issue price:	Issue price(1)	Underwriting fee(2)	Proceeds to issuer(3)
Per security:	$1,000.00	$10.00	$990.00
Total:	$	$	$

(1) Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. currently expects that the estimated value of the securities on the pricing date will be at least $920.00 per security, which will be less than the issue price. The estimated value of the securities is based on CGMI&rsquo;s proprietary pricing models and our internal funding rate. It is not an indication of actual profit to CGMI or other of our affiliates, nor is it an indication of the price, if any, at which CGMI or any other person may be willing to buy the securities from you at any time after issuance. See &ldquo;Valuation of the Securities&rdquo; in this pricing supplement.

(2) CGMI will receive an underwriting fee of up to $10.00 for each security sold in this offering. The total underwriting fee and proceeds to issuer in the table above give effect to the actual total underwriting fee. For more information on the distribution of the securities, see &ldquo;Supplemental Plan of Distribution&rdquo; in this pricing supplement. In addition to the underwriting fee, CGMI and its affiliates may profit from expected hedging activity related to this offering, even if the value of the securities declines. See &ldquo;Use of Proceeds and Hedging&rdquo; in the accompanying prospectus.

(3) The per security proceeds to issuer indicated above represent the minimum per security proceeds to issuer for any security, assuming the maximum per security underwriting fee. As noted above, the underwriting fee is variable.

Investing in the securities involves risks not associated with an investment in conventional debt securities. See &ldquo;Summary Risk Factors&rdquo; beginning on page PS-5.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the securities or determined that this pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, underlying supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus are truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

You should read this pricing supplement together with the accompanying product supplement, underlying supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus, which can be accessed via the hyperlinks below:

Product Supplement No. EA-02-10 dated March 7, 2023 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Underlying Supplement No. 11 dated March 7, 2023 Prospectus Supplement and Prospectus each dated March 7, 2023

The securities are not bank deposits and are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.

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Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.

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Additional Information

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The terms of the securities are set forth in the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus, as supplemented by this pricing supplement. The accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus contain important disclosures that are not repeated in this pricing supplement. For example, the accompanying product supplement contains important information about how the closing value of each underlying will be determined and about adjustments that may be made to the terms of the securities upon the occurrence of market disruption events and other specified events with respect to each underlying. The accompanying underlying supplement contains information about each underlying that is not repeated in this pricing supplement. It is important that you read the accompanying product supplement, underlying supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus together with this pricing supplement before deciding whether to invest in the securities. Certain terms used but not defined in this pricing supplement are defined in the accompanying product supplement.

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Payout Diagram

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The diagram below illustrates your payment at maturity for a range of hypothetical underlying returns of the worst performing underlying. The diagram assumes that the participation rate will be set at the lowest value indicated on the cover page of this pricing supplement. The actual participation rate will be determined on the pricing date.

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Investors in the securities will not receive any dividends with respect to the underlyings. The diagram and examples below do not show any effect of lost dividend yield over the term of the securities. See &ldquo;Summary Risk Factors&mdash;You will not receive dividends or have any other rights with respect to the underlyings&rdquo; below.

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Payout Diagram
n The Securities   	   n The Worst Performing Underlying

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PS-2&nbsp;

Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.

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Hypothetical Examples

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The examples below illustrate how to determine the payment at maturity on the securities, assuming the various hypothetical final underlying values indicated below. The examples are solely for illustrative purposes, do not show all possible outcomes and are not a prediction of what the actual payment at maturity on the securities will be. The actual payment at maturity will depend on the actual final underlying value of the worst performing underlying.

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The examples below are based on the following hypothetical values and do not reflect the actual initial underlying values or final buffer values of the underlyings. For the actual initial underlying value and final buffer value of each underlying, see the cover page of this pricing supplement. We have used these hypothetical values, rather than the actual values, to simplify the calculations and aid understanding of how the securities work. However, you should understand that the actual payment at maturity on the securities will be calculated based on the actual initial underlying value and final buffer value of each underlying, and not the hypothetical values indicated below. For ease of analysis, figures below have been rounded. The examples below assume that the participation rate will be set at the lowest value indicated on the cover page of this pricing supplement. The actual participation rate will be determined on the pricing date.

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Underlying	Hypothetical initial underlying value	Hypothetical final buffer value
Nasdaq-100 Index®	100.00	85.00 (85.00% of its hypothetical initial underlying value)
S&P 500® Index	100.00	85.00 (85.00% of its hypothetical initial underlying value)

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Example 1&mdash;Upside Scenario A. The final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is 105.00, resulting in a 5.00% underlying return for the worst performing underlying. In this example, the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is greater than its initial underlying value.

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Underlying	Hypothetical final underlying value	Hypothetical underlying return
Nasdaq-100 Index® *	105.00	5.00%
S&P 500® Index	140.00	40.00%

* Worst performing underlying

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Payment at maturity per security = $1,000 + the upside return amount

= $1,000 + ($1,000 &times; the underlying return of the worst performing underlying &times; the participation rate)

= $1,000 + ($1,000 &times; 5.00% &times; 103.50%)

= $1,000 + $51.75

= $1,051.75

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In this scenario, the worst performing underlying has appreciated from its initial underlying value to its final underlying value, and your total return at maturity would equal the underlying return of the worst performing underlying multiplied by the participation rate.

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Example 2&mdash;Upside Scenario B. The final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is 95.00, resulting in a -5.00% underlying return for the worst performing underlying. In this example, the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is less than its initial underlying value but greater than its final buffer value.

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Underlying	Hypothetical final underlying value	Hypothetical underlying return
Nasdaq-100 Index®	120.00	20.00%
S&P 500® Index*	95.00	-5.00%

* Worst performing underlying

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Payment at maturity per security = $1,000 + the absolute return amount

= $1,000 + ($1,000 &times; the absolute value of the underlying return of the worst performing underlying)

= $1,000 + ($1,000 &times; |-5.00%|)

= $1,000 + $50.00

= $1,050.00

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In this scenario, the worst performing underlying has depreciated from its initial underlying value to its final underlying value, but not by more than the buffer percentage. As a result, your total return at maturity in this scenario would reflect 1-to-1 positive exposure to the absolute value of the negative performance of the worst performing underlying.

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PS-3&nbsp;

Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.

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Example 3&mdash;Downside Scenario. The final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is 30.00, resulting in a -70.00% underlying return for the worst performing underlying. In this example, the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is less than its final buffer value.

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Underlying	Hypothetical final underlying value	Hypothetical underlying return
Nasdaq-100 Index® *	30.00	-70.00%
S&P 500® Index	105.00	5.00%

* Worst performing underlying

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Payment at maturity per security = $1,000 + [$1,000 &times; (the underlying return of the worst performing underlying + the buffer percentage)]

= $1,000 + [$1,000 &times; (-70.00% + 15.00%)]

= $1,000 + [$1,000 &times; -55.00%]

= $1,000 + -$550.00

= $450.00

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In this scenario, the worst performing underlying has depreciated from its initial underlying value to its final underlying value by more than the buffer percentage. As a result, your total return at maturity in this scenario would be negative and would reflect 1-to-1 exposure to the negative performance of the worst performing underlying beyond the buffer percentage.

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PS-4&nbsp;

Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.

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Summary Risk Factors

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An investment in the securities is significantly riskier than an investment in conventional debt securities. The securities are subject to all of the risks associated with an investment in our conventional debt securities (guaranteed by Citigroup Inc.), including the risk that we and Citigroup Inc. may default on our obligations under the securities, and are also subject to risks associated with each underlying. Accordingly, the securities are suitable only for investors who are capable of understanding the complexities and risks of the securities. You should consult your own financial, tax and legal advisors as to the risks of an investment in the securities and the suitability of the securities in light of your particular circumstances.

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The following is a summary of certain key risk factors for investors in the securities. You should read this summary together with the more detailed description of risks relating to an investment in the securities contained in the section &ldquo;Risk Factors Relating to the Securities&rdquo; beginning on page EA-7 in the accompanying product supplement. You should also carefully read the risk factors included in the accompanying prospectus supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference in the accompanying prospectus, including Citigroup Inc.&rsquo;s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, which describe risks relating to the business of Citigroup Inc. more generally.

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Citigroup Inc. will release quarterly earnings on July 15, 2025, which is during the marketing period and prior to the pricing date of these securities.

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&sect; You may lose a significant portion of your investment. Unlike conventional debt securities, the securities do not repay a fixed amount of principal at maturity. Instead, your payment at maturity will depend on the performance of the worst performing underlying. If the worst performing underlying depreciates by more than the buffer percentage from its initial underlying value to its final underlying value, you will lose 1% of the stated principal amount of your securities for every 1% by which that depreciation exceeds the buffer percentage.

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&sect; Your potential for positive return from depreciation of the worst performing underlying is limited. The return potential of the securities in the event that the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying is less than its initial underlying value is limited by the final buffer value. Any decline in the final underlying value of the worst performing underlying below its final buffer value will result in a loss, rather than a positive return, on the securities.

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&sect; The securities do not pay interest. Unlike conventional debt securities, the securities do not pay interest or any other amounts prior to maturity. You should not invest in the securities if you seek current income during the term of the securities.

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&sect; The securities are subject to heightened risk because they have multiple underlyings. The securities are more risky than similar investments that may be available with only one underlying. With multiple underlyings, there is a greater chance that any one underlying will perform poorly, adversely affecting your return on the securities.

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&sect; The securities are subject to the risks of each of the underlyings and will be negatively affected if any one underlying performs poorly. You are subject to risks associated with each of the underlyings. If any one underlying performs poorly, you will be negatively affected. The securities are not linked to a basket composed of the underlyings, where the blended performance of the underlyings would be better than the performance of the worst performing underlying alone. Instead, you are subject to the full risks of whichever of the underlyings is the worst performing underlying.

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&sect; You will not benefit in any way from the performance of any better performing underlying. The return on the securities depends solely on the performance of the worst performing underlying, and you will not benefit in any way from the performance of any better performing underlying.

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&sect; You will be subject to risks relating to the relationship between the underlyings. It is preferable from your perspective for the underlyings to be correlated with each other, in the sense that their closing values tend to increase or decrease at similar times and by similar magnitudes. By investing in the securities, you assume the risk that the underlyings will not exhibit this relationship. The less correlated the underlyings, the more likely it is that any one of the underlyings will perform poorly over the term of the securities. All that is necessary for the securities to perform poorly is for one of the underlyings to perform poorly. It is impossible to predict what the relationship between the underlyings will be over the term of the securities. The underlyings differ in significant ways and, therefore, may not be correlated with each other.

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&sect; You will not receive dividends or have any other rights with respect to the underlyings. You will not receive any dividends with respect to the underlyings. This lost dividend yield may be significant over the term of the securities. The payment scenarios described in this pricing supplement do not show any effect of such lost dividend yield over the term of the securities. In addition, you will not have voting rights or any other rights with respect to the underlyings or the stocks included in the underlyings.

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&sect; Your payment at maturity depends on the closing value of the worst performing underlying on a single day. Because your payment at maturity depends on the closing value of the worst performing underlying solely on the valuation date, you are subject to the risk that the closing value of the worst performing underlying on that day may be lower, and possibly significantly lower, than on one or more other dates during the term of the securities. If you had invested in another instrument linked to the worst performing underlying that you could sell for full value at a time selected by you, or if the payment at maturity were based on an average of closing values of the worst performing underlying, you might have achieved better returns.

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&sect; The securities are subject to the credit risk of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc. If we default on our obligations under the securities and Citigroup Inc. defaults on its guarantee obligations, you may not receive anything owed to you under the securities.

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&sect; The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange and you may not be able to sell them prior to maturity. The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange. Therefore, there may be little or no secondary market for the securities. CGMI currently intends to make a secondary market in relation to the securities and to provide an indicative bid price for the securities on a daily basis. Any indicative bid price for the securities provided by CGMI will be determined in CGMI&rsquo;s sole discretion, taking into account prevailing

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PS-5&nbsp;

Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.

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market conditions and other relevant factors, and will not be a representation by CGMI that the securities can be sold at that price, or at all. CGMI may suspend or terminate making a market and providing indicative bid prices without notice, at any time and for any reason. If CGMI suspends or terminates making a market, there may be no secondary market at all for the securities because it is likely that CGMI will be the only broker-dealer that is willing to buy your securities prior to maturity. Accordingly, an investor must be prepared to hold the securities until maturity.

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&sect; The estimated value of the securities on the pricing date, based on CGMI&rsquo;s proprietary pricing models and our internal funding rate, will be less than the issue price. The difference is attributable to certain costs associated with selling, structuring and hedging the securities that are included in the issue price. These costs include (i) any selling concessions or other fees paid in connection with the offering of the securities, (ii) hedging and other costs incurred by us and our affiliates in connection with the offering of the securities and (iii) the expected profit (which may be more or less than actual profit) to CGMI or other of our affiliates in connection with hedging our obligations under the securities. These costs adversely affect the economic terms of the securities because, if they were lower, the economic terms of the securities would be more favorable to you. The economic terms of the securities are also likely to be adversely affected by the use of our internal funding rate, rather than our secondary market rate, to price the securities. See &ldquo;The estimated value of the securities would be lower if it were calculated based on our secondary market rate&rdquo; below.

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&sect; The estimated value of the securities was determined for us by our affiliate using proprietary pricing models. CGMI derived the estimated value disclosed on the cover page of this pricing supplement from its proprietary pricing models. In doing so, it may have made discretionary judgments about the inputs to its models, such as the volatility of, and correlation between, the closing values of the underlyings, dividend yields on the underlyings and interest rates. CGMI&rsquo;s views on these inputs may differ from your or others&rsquo; views, and as an underwriter in this offering, CGMI&rsquo;s interests may conflict with yours. Both the models and the inputs to the models may prove to be wrong and therefore not an accurate reflection of the value of the securities. Moreover, the estimated value of the securities set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement may differ from the value that we or our affiliates may determine for the securities for other purposes, including for accounting purposes. You should not invest in the securities because of the estimated value of the securities. Instead, you should be willing to hold the securities to maturity irrespective of the initial estimated value.

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&sect; The estimated value of the securities would be lower if it were calculated based on our secondary market rate. The estimated value of the securities included in this pricing supplement is calculated based on our internal funding rate, which is the rate at which we are willing to borrow funds through the issuance of the securities. Our internal funding rate is generally lower than our secondary market rate, which is the rate that CGMI will use in determining the value of the securities for purposes of any purchases of the securities from you in the secondary market. If the estimated value included in this pricing supplement were based on our secondary market rate, rather than our internal funding rate, it would likely be lower. We determine our internal funding rate based on factors such as the costs associated with the securities, which are generally higher than the costs associated with conventional debt securities, and our liquidity needs and preferences. Our internal funding rate is not an interest rate that is payable on the securities.

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Because there is not an active market for traded instruments referencing our outstanding debt obligations, CGMI determines our secondary market rate based on the market price of traded instruments referencing the debt obligations of Citigroup Inc., our parent company and the guarantor of all payments due on the securities, but subject to adjustments that CGMI makes in its sole discretion. As a result, our secondary market rate is not a market-determined measure of our creditworthiness, but rather reflects the market&rsquo;s perception of our parent company&rsquo;s creditworthiness as adjusted for discretionary factors such as CGMI&rsquo;s preferences with respect to purchasing the securities prior to maturity.

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&sect; The estimated value of the securities is not an indication of the price, if any, at which CGMI or any other person may be willing to buy the securities from you in the secondary market. Any such secondary market price will fluctuate over the term of the securities based on the market and other factors described in the next risk factor. Moreover, unlike the estimated value included in this pricing supplement, any value of the securities determined for purposes of a secondary market transaction will be based on our secondary market rate, which will likely result in a lower value for the securities than if our internal funding rate were used. In addition, any secondary market price for the securities will be reduced by a bid-ask spread, which may vary depending on the aggregate stated principal amount of the securities to be purchased in the secondary market transaction, and the expected cost of unwinding related hedging transactions. As a result, it is likely that any secondary market price for the securities will be less than the issue price.

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&sect; The value of the securities prior to maturity will fluctuate based on many unpredictable factors. The value of your securities prior to maturity will fluctuate based on the closing values of the underlyings, the volatility of, and correlation between, the closing values of the underlyings, dividend yields on the underlyings, interest rates generally, the time remaining to maturity and our and Citigroup Inc.&rsquo;s creditworthiness, as reflected in our secondary market rate, among other factors described under &ldquo;Risk Factors Relating to the Securities&mdash;Risk Factors Relating to All Securities&mdash;The value of your securities prior to maturity will fluctuate based on many unpredictable factors&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement. Changes in the closing values of the underlyings may not result in a comparable change in the value of your securities. You should understand that the value of your securities at any time prior to maturity may be significantly less than the issue price.

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&sect; Immediately following issuance, any secondary market bid price provided by CGMI, and the value that will be indicated on any brokerage account statements prepared by CGMI or its affiliates, will reflect a temporary upward adjustment. The amount of this temporary upward adjustment will steadily decline to zero over the temporary adjustment period. See &ldquo;Valuation of the Securities&rdquo; in this pricing supplement.

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&sect; Our offering of the securities is not a recommendation of any underlying. The fact that we are offering the securities does not mean that we believe that investing in an instrument linked to the underlyings is likely to achieve favorable returns. In fact, as we are part of a global financial institution, our affiliates may have positions (including short positions) in the underlyings or in instruments related to the underlyings, and may publish research or express opinions, that in each case are inconsistent with an investment linked to the

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PS-6&nbsp;

Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.

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underlyings. These and other activities of our affiliates may affect the closing values of the underlyings in a way that negatively affects the value of and your return on the securities.

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&sect; The closing value of an underlying may be adversely affected by our or our affiliates&rsquo; hedging and other trading activities. We expect to hedge our obligations under the securities through CGMI or other of our affiliates, who may take positions in the underlyings or in financial instruments related to the underlyings and may adjust such positions during the term of the securities. Our affiliates also take positions in the underlyings or in financial instruments related to the underlyings on a regular basis (taking long or short positions or both), for their accounts, for other accounts under their management or to facilitate transactions on behalf of customers. These activities could affect the closing values of the underlyings in a way that negatively affects the value of and your return on the securities. They could also result in substantial returns for us or our affiliates while the value of the securities declines.

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&sect; We and our affiliates may have economic interests that are adverse to yours as a result of our affiliates&rsquo; business activities. Our affiliates engage in business activities with a wide range of companies. These activities include extending loans, making and facilitating investments, underwriting securities offerings and providing advisory services. These activities could involve or affect the underlyings in a way that negatively affects the value of and your return on the securities. They could also result in substantial returns for us or our affiliates while the value of the securities declines. In addition, in the course of this business, we or our affiliates may acquire non-public information, which will not be disclosed to you.

&nbsp;

&sect; The calculation agent, which is an affiliate of ours, will make important determinations with respect to the securities. If certain events occur during the term of the securities, such as market disruption events and other events with respect to an underlying, CGMI, as calculation agent, will be required to make discretionary judgments that could significantly affect your return on the securities. In making these judgments, the calculation agent&rsquo;s interests as an affiliate of ours could be adverse to your interests as a holder of the securities. See &ldquo;Risk Factors Relating to the Securities&mdash;Risk Factors Relating to All Securities&mdash;The calculation agent, which is an affiliate of ours, will make important determinations with respect to the securities&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement.

&nbsp;

&sect; Changes that affect the underlyings may affect the value of your securities. The sponsors of the underlyings may at any time make methodological changes or other changes in the manner in which they operate that could affect the values of the underlyings. We are not affiliated with any such underlying sponsor and, accordingly, we have no control over any changes any such sponsor may make. Such changes could adversely affect the performance of the underlyings and the value of and your return on the securities.

&nbsp;

&sect; The U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in the securities are unclear. There is no direct legal authority regarding the proper U.S. federal tax treatment of the securities, and we do not plan to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the &ldquo;IRS&rdquo;). Consequently, significant aspects of the tax treatment of the securities are uncertain, and the IRS or a court might not agree with the treatment of the securities as prepaid forward contracts. If the IRS were successful in asserting an alternative treatment of the securities, the tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the securities might be materially and adversely affected. Moreover, future legislation, Treasury regulations or IRS guidance could adversely affect the U.S. federal tax treatment of the securities, possibly retroactively.

&nbsp;

If you are a non-U.S. investor, you should review the discussion of withholding tax issues in &ldquo;United States Federal Tax Considerations&mdash;Non-U.S. Holders&rdquo; below.

&nbsp;

You should read carefully the discussion under &ldquo;United States Federal Tax Considerations&rdquo; and &ldquo;Risk Factors Relating to the Securities&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement and &ldquo;United States Federal Tax Considerations&rdquo; in this pricing supplement. You should also consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in the securities, as well as tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.

&nbsp;

&sect; The tax disclosure is subject to confirmation. The information set forth under &ldquo;United States Federal Tax Considerations&rdquo; in this pricing supplement remains subject to confirmation by our counsel following the pricing of the securities. If that information cannot be confirmed by our counsel, you may be asked to accept revisions to that information in connection with your purchase. Under these circumstances, if you decline to accept revisions to that information, your purchase of the securities will be canceled.

&nbsp;

PS-7&nbsp;

Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.

&nbsp;

Information About the Nasdaq-100 Index^&reg;

&nbsp;

The Nasdaq-100 Index^&reg; is a modified market capitalization-weighted index of stocks of the 100 largest non-financial companies listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market. All stocks included in the Nasdaq-100 Index^&reg; are traded on a major U.S. exchange. The Nasdaq-100 Index^&reg; was developed by the Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. and is calculated, maintained and published by Nasdaq, Inc.

&nbsp;

Please refer to the section &ldquo;Equity Index Descriptions&mdash; The Nasdaq-100 Index^&reg;&rdquo; in the accompanying underlying supplement for additional information.

&nbsp;

We have derived all information regarding the Nasdaq-100 Index^&reg; from publicly available information and have not independently verified any information regarding the Nasdaq-100 Index^&reg;. This pricing supplement relates only to the securities and not to the Nasdaq-100 Index^&reg;. We make no representation as to the performance of the Nasdaq-100 Index^&reg; over the term of the securities.

&nbsp;

The securities represent obligations of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. (guaranteed by Citigroup Inc.) only. The sponsor of the Nasdaq-100 Index^&reg; is not involved in any way in this offering and has no obligation relating to the securities or to holders of the securities.

&nbsp;

Historical Information

&nbsp;

The closing value of the Nasdaq-100 Index^&reg; on July 1, 2025 was 22,478.13.

&nbsp;

The graph below shows the closing value of the Nasdaq-100 Index^&reg; for each day such value was available from January 2, 2015 to July 1, 2025. We obtained the closing values from Bloomberg L.P., without independent verification. You should not take historical closing values as an indication of future performance.

&nbsp;

Nasdaq-100 Index^&reg; &ndash; Historical Closing Values January 2, 2015 to July 1, 2025

&nbsp;

PS-8&nbsp;

Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.

&nbsp;

Information About the S&P 500^&reg; Index

&nbsp;

The S&P 500^&reg; Index consists of the common stocks of 500 issuers selected to provide a performance benchmark for the large capitalization segment of the U.S. equity markets. It is calculated and maintained by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC.

&nbsp;

Please refer to the section &ldquo;Equity Index Descriptions&mdash; The S&P U.S. Indices&rdquo; in the accompanying underlying supplement for additional information.

&nbsp;

We have derived all information regarding the S&P 500^&reg; Index from publicly available information and have not independently verified any information regarding the S&P 500^&reg; Index. This pricing supplement relates only to the securities and not to the S&P 500^&reg; Index. We make no representation as to the performance of the S&P 500^&reg; Index over the term of the securities.

&nbsp;

The securities represent obligations of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. (guaranteed by Citigroup Inc.) only. The sponsor of the S&P 500^&reg; Index is not involved in any way in this offering and has no obligation relating to the securities or to holders of the securities.

&nbsp;

Historical Information

&nbsp;

The closing value of the S&P 500^&reg; Index on July 1, 2025 was 6,198.01.

&nbsp;

The graph below shows the closing value of the S&P 500^&reg; Index for each day such value was available from January 2, 2015 to July 1, 2025. We obtained the closing values from Bloomberg L.P., without independent verification. You should not take historical closing values as an indication of future performance.

&nbsp;

S&P 500^&reg; Index &ndash; Historical Closing Values January 2, 2015 to July 1, 2025

&nbsp;

PS-9&nbsp;

Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.

&nbsp;

United States Federal Tax Considerations

&nbsp;

You should read carefully the discussion under &ldquo;United States Federal Tax Considerations&rdquo; and &ldquo;Risk Factors Relating to the Securities&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement and &ldquo;Summary Risk Factors&rdquo; in this pricing supplement.

&nbsp;

We expect that our counsel will advise us that, based on current market conditions, a security should be treated as a prepaid forward contract for U.S. federal income tax purposes. By purchasing a security, you will agree (in the absence of an administrative determination or judicial ruling to the contrary) to this treatment. There is uncertainty regarding this treatment, and the IRS or a court might not agree with it. The information set forth under this section remains subject to confirmation by our counsel following the pricing of the securities. If that information cannot be confirmed by our counsel, you may be asked to accept revisions to that information in connection with your purchase. Under these circumstances, if you decline to accept revisions to that information, your purchase of the securities will be canceled.

&nbsp;

Assuming this treatment of the securities is respected and subject to the discussion in &ldquo;United States Federal Tax Considerations&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement, the following U.S. federal income tax consequences should result under current law:

&nbsp;

&middot; You should not recognize taxable income over the term of the securities prior to maturity, other than pursuant to a sale or exchange.

&nbsp;

&middot; Upon a sale or exchange of a security (including retirement at maturity), you should recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and your tax basis in the security. Such gain or loss should be long-term capital gain or loss if you held the security for more than one year.

&nbsp;

We do not plan to request a ruling from the IRS regarding the treatment of the securities. An alternative characterization of the securities could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of ownership and disposition of the securities, including the timing and character of income recognized. In addition, the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS have requested comments on various issues regarding the U.S. federal income tax treatment of &ldquo;prepaid forward contracts&rdquo; and similar financial instruments and have indicated that such transactions may be the subject of future regulations or other guidance. Furthermore, members of Congress have proposed legislative changes to the tax treatment of derivative contracts. Any legislation, Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the securities, possibly with retroactive effect. You should consult your tax adviser regarding possible alternative tax treatments of the securities and potential changes in applicable law.

&nbsp;

Non-U.S. Holders. Subject to the discussions below and in &ldquo;United States Federal Tax Considerations&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement, if you are a Non-U.S. Holder (as defined in the accompanying product supplement) of the securities, you generally should not be subject to U.S. federal withholding or income tax in respect of any amount paid to you with respect to the securities, provided that (i) income in respect of the securities is not effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States, and (ii) you comply with the applicable certification requirements.

&nbsp;

As discussed under &ldquo;United States Federal Tax Considerations&mdash;Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement, Section 871(m) of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (&ldquo;Section 871(m)&rdquo;) generally impose a 30% withholding tax on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain financial instruments linked to U.S. equities (&ldquo;U.S. Underlying Equities&rdquo;) or indices that include U.S. Underlying Equities. Section 871(m) generally applies to instruments that substantially replicate the economic performance of one or more U.S. Underlying Equities, as determined based on tests set forth in the applicable Treasury regulations. However, the regulations, as modified by an IRS notice, exempt financial instruments issued prior to January 1, 2027 that do not have a &ldquo;delta&rdquo; of one. Based on the terms of the securities and market conditions as of the date of this preliminary pricing supplement, we expect that the securities will not be treated as transactions that have a &ldquo;delta&rdquo; of one within the meaning of the regulations with respect to any U.S. Underlying Equity and, therefore, should not be subject to withholding tax under Section 871(m). However, the final determination regarding the treatment of the securities under Section 871(m) will be made as of the pricing date for the securities, and it is possible that the securities will be subject to withholding tax under Section 871(m) based on the circumstances as of that date.

&nbsp;

A determination that the securities are not subject to Section 871(m) is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this treatment. Moreover, Section 871(m) is complex and its application may depend on your particular circumstances, including your other transactions. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the potential application of Section 871(m) to the securities.

&nbsp;

If withholding tax applies to the securities, we will not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts withheld.

&nbsp;

You should read the section entitled &ldquo;United States Federal Tax Considerations&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement.

&nbsp;

You should also consult your tax adviser regarding all aspects of the U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences of an investment in the securities and any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.

&nbsp;

Supplemental Plan of Distribution

&nbsp;

CGMI, an affiliate of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and the underwriter of the sale of the securities, is acting as principal and will receive an underwriting fee of up to $10.00 for each security sold in this offering. The actual underwriting fee will be equal to the selling concession provided to selected dealers, as described in this paragraph. From this underwriting fee, CGMI will pay selected dealers not affiliated with CGMI a variable selling concession of up to $10.00 for each security they sell.

&nbsp;

See &ldquo;Plan of Distribution; Conflicts of Interest&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement and &ldquo;Plan of Distribution&rdquo; in each of the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus for additional information.

&nbsp;

PS-10&nbsp;

Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.

&nbsp;

Valuation of the Securities

&nbsp;

CGMI calculated the estimated value of the securities set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement based on proprietary pricing models. CGMI&rsquo;s proprietary pricing models generated an estimated value for the securities by estimating the value of a hypothetical package of financial instruments that would replicate the payout on the securities, which consists of a fixed-income bond (the &ldquo;bond component&rdquo;) and one or more derivative instruments underlying the economic terms of the securities (the &ldquo;derivative component&rdquo;). CGMI calculated the estimated value of the bond component using a discount rate based on our internal funding rate. CGMI calculated the estimated value of the derivative component based on a proprietary derivative-pricing model, which generated a theoretical price for the instruments that constitute the derivative component based on various inputs, including the factors described under &ldquo;Summary Risk Factors&mdash;The value of the securities prior to maturity will fluctuate based on many unpredictable factors&rdquo; in this pricing supplement, but not including our or Citigroup Inc.&rsquo;s creditworthiness. These inputs may be market-observable or may be based on assumptions made by CGMI in its discretionary judgment.

&nbsp;

The estimated value of the securities is a function of the terms of the securities and the inputs to CGMI&rsquo;s proprietary pricing models.&nbsp;&nbsp;As of the date of this preliminary pricing supplement, it is uncertain what the estimated value of the securities will be on the pricing date because certain terms of the securities have not yet been fixed and because it is uncertain what the values of the inputs to CGMI&rsquo;s proprietary pricing models will be on the pricing date.

&nbsp;

For a period of approximately three months following issuance of the securities, the price, if any, at which CGMI would be willing to buy the securities from investors, and the value that will be indicated for the securities on any brokerage account statements prepared by CGMI or its affiliates (which value CGMI may also publish through one or more financial information vendors), will reflect a temporary upward adjustment from the price or value that would otherwise be determined. This temporary upward adjustment represents a portion of the hedging profit expected to be realized by CGMI or its affiliates over the term of the securities. The amount of this temporary upward adjustment will decline to zero on a straight-line basis over the three-month temporary adjustment period. However, CGMI is not obligated to buy the securities from investors at any time.&nbsp;&nbsp;See &ldquo;Summary Risk Factors&mdash;The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange and you may not be able to sell them prior to maturity.&rdquo;

&nbsp;

Contact

&nbsp;

Clients may contact their local brokerage representative. Third-party distributors may contact Citi Structured Investment Sales at (212) 723-7005.

&nbsp;

&copy; 2025 Citigroup Global Markets Inc. All rights reserved. Citi and Citi and Arc Design are trademarks and service marks of Citigroup Inc. or its affiliates and are used and registered throughout the world.

&nbsp;

PS-11&nbsp;

FAQ

What indices underlie JPMorgan's Capped Dual Directional Notes?

The notes reference the Nasdaq-100 Index (NDX) and the S&P 500 Index (SPX).

How much downside protection do the notes provide?

A 10.00% buffer shields the principal only for losses up to 10%; deeper declines reduce principal dollar-for-dollar beyond the buffer.

What is the maximum potential gain on the notes?

If both indices rise, the payoff is capped by a Maximum Upside Return of at least 22.50%. If one index is flat or down ≤ 10%, gains are capped at 10%.

When do the notes mature and what is the term length?

The notes price on 31 Jul 2025 and mature on 05 Aug 2027, giving an approximate 2-year term.

Is there any secondary market for these structured notes?

J.P. Morgan Securities may offer to buy the notes, but is not obligated to provide liquidity, and resale values could be significantly below face.

Does the estimated value differ from the purchase price?

Yes. The estimated value will be ≥ $900 per $1,000 note on the pricing date, lower than the initial $1,000 issue price.