[10-Q] CUSTOMERS BANCORP INC Quarterly Earnings Report

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

Assured Guaranty Ltd. (NYSE: AGO) filed a Form 8-K on 7 Aug 2025 under Item 2.02 to notify investors that it has issued a press release covering second-quarter 2025 results and released its 30 Jun 2025 financial supplement. The detailed figures are contained in Exhibit 99.1 (press release) and Exhibit 99.2 (supplement) rather than in the body of the filing.

The company reiterates the NYSE listings for its common shares and three series of guaranteed senior notes (6.125% 2028, 3.150% 2031, 3.600% 2051). No other material events, transactions or corporate actions are disclosed. The report was signed by CFO Benjamin G. Rosenblum.

Insights

Financial Analyst

TL;DR — Routine 8-K: earnings press release referenced, no numbers; impact neutral until exhibits are reviewed.

The filing merely alerts the market that Q2 2025 results and a financial supplement are now available. Because the actual revenue, EPS, credit metrics and guidance are not reproduced, the document in isolation carries no immediate valuation impact. Investors must examine Exhibit 99.1/99.2 to assess performance. Timely disclosure is standard practice, so the event is procedural rather than market-moving. Pending review of the exhibits, I classify the impact as neutral.

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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒			Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
			For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025

☐			Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
			For the transition period from                      to                     .

001-35542

(Commission File number)

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Customers Bancorp, Inc.

Pennsylvania

27-2290659

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(IRS Employer Identification No.)

701 Reading Avenue

West Reading, PA 19611

(Address of principal executive offices)

(610) 933-2000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class

Trading Symbols

Name of Each Exchange on which Registered

Voting Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share

CUBI

New York Stock Exchange

Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series F, par value $1.00 per share

CUBI/PF

New York Stock Exchange

5.375% Subordinated Notes due 2034

CUBB

New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

x

Accelerated Filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

o

Smaller Reporting Company

☐

Emerging Growth Company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)    Yes  ☐    No  x

________________________________________ 

On August 5, 2025, 31,623,490 shares of Voting Common Stock were outstanding.

Table of Contents

CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Table of Contents

Part I
Item 1.			Customers Bancorp, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements as of June 30, 2025 and for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)			5
Item 2.			Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			55
Item 3.			Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk			86
Item 4.			Controls and Procedures			87
PART II
Item 1.			Legal Proceedings			88
Item 1A.			Risk Factors			88
Item 2.			Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			88
Item 3.			Defaults Upon Senior Securities			89
Item 4.			Mine Safety Disclosures			89
Item 5.			Other Information			89
Item 6.			Exhibits			90
SIGNATURES						91

2

Table of Contents

GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

The following list of abbreviations and acronyms may be used throughout this Report, including Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

2024 Share Repurchase Program			Share repurchase program authorized by the Board of Directors of Customers Bancorp in 2024
ACL			Allowance for credit losses
AFS			Available for sale
AOCI			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
ASC			Accounting Standards Codification
ASU			Accounting Standards Update
Bancorp			Customers Bancorp, Inc.
Bank			Customers Bank
BBB spread			BBB rated corporate bond spreads to U.S. Treasury securities
BM Technologies			BM Technologies, Inc.
BOLI			Bank-owned life insurance
CECL			Current expected credit losses
CMO			Collateralized mortgage obligation
CODM			Chief operating decision maker
Commission			U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Company			Customers Bancorp, Inc. and subsidiaries
COVID-19			Coronavirus Disease 2019
CPI			Consumer Price Index
CRA			Community Reinvestment Act
CUBI			Symbol for Customers Bancorp, Inc. common stock traded on the NYSE
Customers			Customers Bancorp, Inc. and Customers Bank, collectively
Customers Bancorp			Customers Bancorp, Inc.
DCF			Discounted cash flow
EPS			Earnings per share
EVE			Economic value of equity
Exchange Act			Securities Exchange Act of 1934
FASB			Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC			Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Fed Funds			Federal Reserve Board’s Effective Federal Funds Rate
Federal Reserve, Federal Reserve Board			Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
FHLB			Federal Home Loan Bank
FICO			Fair, Isaac and Company
Fintech			Third-Party Financial Technology
FMV			Fair Market Value
FRB			Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
GDP			Gross domestic product
HTM			Held to maturity
LIBOR			London Interbank Offered Rate
LPO			Limited Purpose Office
MFAC			Megalith Financial Acquisition Corp.
MMDA			Money market deposit accounts
NIM			Net interest margin, tax equivalent
NM			Not meaningful
NPA			Non-performing asset
NPL			Non-performing loan
NYSE			New York Stock Exchange
OCI			Other comprehensive income (loss)
OREO			Other real estate owned
PCD			Purchased Credit-Deteriorated
PPP			Paycheck Protection Program
PUT			Purchase Upon Termination

3

Table of Contents

Rate Shocks			Interest rates rising or falling immediately
ROU			Right-of-use
SBA			U.S. Small Business Administration
SBA loans			Loans originated pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SBA
SEC			U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Securities Act			Securities Act of 1933, as amended
Series E Preferred Stock			Fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, series E
Series F Preferred Stock			Fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, series F
SERP			Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan
Share Repurchase Program			Share repurchase program authorized by the Board of Directors of Customers Bancorp in 2021
SOFR			Secured Overnight Financing Rate
TRAC			Terminal Rental Adjustment Clause
U.S. GAAP			Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
VIE			Variable interest entity

4

Table of Contents

CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET — UNAUDITED

(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks			$	72,986					$	56,787
Interest earning deposits			3,430,525						3,729,144
Cash and cash equivalents			3,503,511						3,785,931
Investment securities, at fair value (includes allowance for credit losses of $17,356 and $7,604, respectively)			1,877,406						2,019,694
Investment securities held to maturity			853,126						991,937
Loans held for sale (includes $5,281 and $163,891, respectively, at fair value)			32,963						204,794
Loans and leases receivable			13,719,829						13,127,634
Loans receivable, mortgage finance, at fair value			1,536,254						1,321,128
Loans receivable, installment, at fair value			123,354						—
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases			(147,418)						(136,775)
Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases			15,232,019						14,311,987
FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank, and other restricted stock			100,590						96,214
Accrued interest receivable			101,481						108,351
Bank premises and equipment, net			5,978						6,668
Bank-owned life insurance			300,747						297,641
Other real estate owned			12,306						—
Goodwill and other intangibles			3,629						3,629
Other assets			527,044						481,395
Total assets			$	22,550,800					$	22,308,241
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Demand, non-interest bearing			$	5,481,065					$	5,608,288
Interest bearing			13,494,953						13,238,173
Total deposits			18,976,018						18,846,461
FHLB advances			1,195,377						1,128,352
Other borrowings			99,138						99,068
Subordinated debt			182,649						182,509
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities			234,060						215,168
Total liabilities			20,687,242						20,471,558
Commitments and contingencies (NOTE 17)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value $1.00 per share; liquidation preference $25.00 per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 3,400,000 and 5,700,000 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024			82,201						137,794
Common stock, par value $1.00 per share; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 36,122,879 and 35,758,246 shares issued as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 31,606,934 and 31,346,507 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024			36,123						35,758
Additional paid in capital			572,473						575,333
Retained earnings			1,391,380						1,326,011
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net			(71,325)						(96,560)
Treasury stock, at cost (4,515,945 and 4,411,739 shares as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024)			(147,294)						(141,653)
Total shareholders’ equity			1,863,558						1,836,683
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity			$	22,550,800					$	22,308,241

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5

Table of Contents

CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS) — UNAUDITED

(amounts in thousands, except per share data)

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
Interest income:
Loans and leases			$	246,869					$	224,265					$	477,877					$	442,264
Investment securities			37,381						47,586						71,720						94,388
Interest earning deposits			39,972						45,506						82,886						98,323
Loans held for sale			1,806						13,671						6,567						25,719
Other			1,973						3,010						3,860						5,121
Total interest income			328,001						334,038						642,910						665,815
Interest expense:
Deposits			134,045						148,784						265,353						302,509
FHLB advances			12,717						13,437						24,518						26,922
Subordinated debt			3,229						2,734						6,441						5,423
Other borrowings			1,307						1,430						2,449						2,923
Total interest expense			151,298						166,385						298,761						337,777
Net interest income			176,703						167,653						344,149						328,038
Provision for credit losses			20,781						18,121						49,078						35,191
Net interest income after provision for credit losses			155,922						149,532						295,071						292,847
Non-interest income:
Commercial lease income			11,056						10,282						21,724						19,965
Loan fees			9,106						5,233						16,341						10,513
Bank-owned life insurance			2,249						2,007						6,909						5,268
Mortgage finance transactional fees			1,175						1,058						2,108						2,004
Net gain (loss) on sale of loans and leases			—						(238)						2						(228)
Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities			(1,797)						(719)						(1,797)						(749)
Impairment loss on debt securities			—						—						(51,319)						—
Unrealized gain on equity method investments			—						11,041						—						11,041
Other			7,817						2,373						11,148						4,454
Total non-interest income			29,606						31,037						5,116						52,268
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits			45,848						44,947						88,522						80,972
Technology, communication and bank operations			10,382						16,227						21,694						38,131
Commercial lease depreciation			8,743						7,829						17,206						15,799
Professional services			13,850						6,104						25,707						12,457
Loan servicing			4,053						3,516						8,683						7,547
Occupancy			3,551						3,120						6,963						5,467
FDIC assessments, non-income taxes and regulatory fees			11,906						10,236						23,656						23,705
Advertising and promotion			461						1,254						989						1,936
Other			7,832						10,219						15,977						16,607
Total non-interest expense			106,626						103,452						209,397						202,621
Income before income tax expense			78,902						77,117						90,790						142,494
Income tax expense			17,963						19,032						16,939						34,683
Net income			60,939						58,085						73,851						107,811
Preferred stock dividends			3,185						3,785						6,574						7,585
Loss on redemption of preferred stock			1,908						—						1,908						—
Net income available to common shareholders			$	55,846					$	54,300					$	65,369					$	100,226
Basic earnings per common share			$	1.77					$	1.72					$	2.07					$	3.18
Diluted earnings per common share			1.73						1.66						2.02						3.06

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) — UNAUDITED

(amounts in thousands)

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
Net income			$	60,939					$	58,085					$	73,851					$	107,811
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale debt securities:
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period			(8,011)						(851)						(21,260)						3,629
Income tax effect			2,119						219						5,603						(919)
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in net income			1,797						719						53,116						749
Income tax effect			(475)						(185)						(13,972)						(193)
Amortization of unrealized loss on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity			1,206						1,406						2,375						2,612
Income tax effect			(320)						(361)						(627)						(667)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale debt securities			(3,684)						947						25,235						5,211
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax effect			(3,684)						947						25,235						5,211
Comprehensive income (loss)			$	57,255					$	59,032					$	99,086					$	113,022

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY — UNAUDITED

(amounts in thousands, except shares outstanding data)

			Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
			Preferred Stock												Common Stock
			Shares of Preferred Stock Outstanding						Preferred Stock						Shares of Common Stock Outstanding						Common Stock						Additional Paid in Capital						Retained Earnings						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Treasury Stock						Total
Balance, March 31, 2025			5,700,000						$	137,794					31,479,132						$	35,995					$	570,172					$	1,335,534					$	(67,641)					$	(147,294)					$	1,864,560
Net income			—						—						—						—						—						60,939						—						—						60,939
Other comprehensive income (loss)			—						—						—						—						—						—						(3,684)						—						(3,684)
Preferred stock dividends (1)			—						—						—						—						—						(3,185)						—						—						(3,185)
Redemption of preferred stock (2)			(2,300,000)						(55,593)						—						—						—						—						—						—						(55,593)
Loss on redemption of preferred stock (2)			—						—						—						—						—						(1,908)						—						—						(1,908)
Share-based compensation expense			—						—						—						—						4,442						—						—						—						4,442
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation arrangements			—						—						127,802						128						(2,141)						—						—						—						(2,013)
Balance, June 30, 2025			3,400,000						$	82,201					31,606,934						$	36,123					$	572,473					$	1,391,380					$	(71,325)					$	(147,294)					$	1,863,558
			Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
			Preferred Stock												Common Stock
			Shares of Preferred Stock Outstanding						Preferred Stock						Shares of Common Stock Outstanding						Common Stock						Additional Paid in Capital						Retained Earnings						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Treasury Stock						Total
Balance, March 31, 2024			5,700,000						$	137,794					31,521,931						$	35,540					$	567,490					$	1,205,508					$	(132,305)					$	(122,410)					$	1,691,617
Net income			—						—						—						—						—						58,085						—						—						58,085
Other comprehensive income (loss)			—						—						—						—						—						—						947						—						947
Preferred stock dividends (1)			—						—						—						—						—						(3,785)						—						—						(3,785)
Share-based compensation expense			—						—						—						—						3,270						—						—						—						3,270
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation arrangements			—						—						145,724						146						(3,415)						—						—						—						(3,269)
Balance, June 30, 2024			5,700,000						$	137,794					31,667,655						$	35,686					$	567,345					$	1,259,808					$	(131,358)					$	(122,410)					$	1,746,865

(1)Dividends per share of $0.613042 and $0.589155 were declared on Series E and F preferred stock, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2025. Dividends per share of $0.700488 and $0.675813 were declared on Series E and F preferred stock, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2024.

(2)Refer to NOTE 11 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY for additional information about the redemption of Series E Preferred Stock.

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			Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
			Preferred Stock												Common Stock
			Shares of Preferred Stock Outstanding						Preferred Stock						Shares of Common Stock Outstanding						Common Stock						Additional Paid in Capital						Retained Earnings						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Treasury Stock						Total
Balance, December 31, 2024			5,700,000						$	137,794					31,346,507						$	35,758					$	575,333					$	1,326,011					$	(96,560)					$	(141,653)					$	1,836,683
Net income			—						—						—						—						—						73,851						—						—						73,851
Other comprehensive income (loss)			—						—						—						—						—						—						25,235						—						25,235
Preferred stock dividends (1)			—						—						—						—						—						(6,574)						—						—						(6,574)
Redemption of preferred stock (2)			(2,300,000)						(55,593)						—						—						—						—						—						—						(55,593)
Loss on redemption of preferred stock (2)			—						—						—						—						—						(1,908)						—						—						(1,908)
Share-based compensation expense			—						—						—						—						8,737						—						—						—						8,737
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation arrangements			—						—						364,633						365						(11,597)						—						—						—						(11,232)
Repurchase of common shares			—						—						(104,206)						—						—						—						—						(5,641)						(5,641)
Balance, June 30, 2025			3,400,000						$	82,201					31,606,934						$	36,123					$	572,473					$	1,391,380					$	(71,325)					$	(147,294)					$	1,863,558
			Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
			Preferred Stock												Common Stock
			Shares of Preferred Stock Outstanding						Preferred Stock						Shares of Common Stock Outstanding						Common Stock						Additional Paid in Capital						Retained Earnings						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Treasury Stock						Total
Balance, December 31, 2023			5,700,000						$	137,794					31,440,906						$	35,459					$	564,538					$	1,159,582					$	(136,569)					$	(122,410)					$	1,638,394
Net income			—						—						—						—						—						107,811						—						—						107,811
Other comprehensive income (loss)			—						—						—						—						—						—						5,211						—						5,211
Preferred stock dividends (1)			—						—						—						—						—						(7,585)						—						—						(7,585)
Share-based compensation expense			—						—						—						—						7,246						—						—						—						7,246
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation arrangements			—						—						226,749						227						(4,439)						—						—						—						(4,212)
Balance, June 30, 2024			5,700,000						$	137,794					31,667,655						$	35,686					$	567,345					$	1,259,808					$	(131,358)					$	(122,410)					$	1,746,865

(1)Dividends per share of $1.229832 and $1.182057 were declared on Series E and F preferred stock, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2025. Dividends per share of $1.382118 and $1.333556 were declared on Series E and F preferred stock, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

(2)Refer to NOTE 11 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY for additional information about the redemption of Series E Preferred Stock.

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS — UNAUDITED

(amounts in thousands)

			Six Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income			$	73,851					$	107,811
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Provision for credit losses			49,078						35,191
Depreciation and amortization			27,282						14,709
Share-based compensation expense			8,652						7,071
Deferred taxes			(10,973)						(529)
Net amortization (accretion) of investment securities premiums and discounts			(1,773)						(4,689)
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment securities			(160)						69
Impairment loss on debt securities			51,319						—
Impairment loss on equity securities			2,278						—
Net (gain) loss on sale of investment securities			1,797						749
Unrealized gain on equity method investments			—						(11,041)
Unrealized (gain) loss on derivatives			(1,514)						(720)
(Gain) loss on sale of leased assets under lessor operating leases			(1,636)						(1,660)
Fair value adjustment on loans held for sale			378						—
Fair value adjustment on loans held for investment			(2,050)						—
Net (gain) loss on sale of loans and leases			(2)						86
Origination and purchases of loans held for sale			(417,808)						(694,847)
Proceeds from the sales and repayments of loans held for sale			466,171						655,749
Amortization (accretion) of loan net deferred fees, discounts and premiums			(11,616)						(16,809)
Earnings on investment in bank-owned life insurance			(6,909)						(5,268)
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable and other assets			3,465						(43,888)
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable and other liabilities			26,445						(54,727)
Net Cash Provided By (Used In) Operating Activities			256,275						(12,743)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal repayments of investment securities available for sale			167,483						259,666
Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal repayments of investment securities held to maturity			155,580						142,791
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale			450,423						240,688
Purchases of investment securities available for sale			(506,771)						(599,311)
Purchases of investment securities held to maturity			(14,022)						—
Purchases of equity method investments			—						(5,000)
Origination of mortgage finance loans			(12,162,399)						(10,386,402)
Proceeds from repayments of mortgage finance loans			11,969,037						10,278,131
Net (increase) decrease in loans and leases, excluding mortgage finance loans			(461,034)						(276,242)
Proceeds from sales of loans and leases			1,081						23,708
Purchases of loans			(182,000)						(50,644)
Purchases of bank-owned life insurance			(1,462)						—
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance			5,634						2,563
Net (purchases of) proceeds from sale of FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank, and other restricted stock			(4,376)						18,267
Purchases of bank premises and equipment			(772)						(736)
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned			—						79
Proceeds from sales of leased assets under lessor operating leases			4,207						13,724
Purchases of leased assets under lessor operating leases			(39,811)						(19,601)
Net Cash Provided By (Used In) Investing Activities			(619,202)						(358,319)
			(continued)
			Six Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net increase (decrease) in deposits			101,644						(239,772)
Proceeds from long-term borrowed funds from FHLB and FRB			160,000						75,000
Repayments of long-term borrowed funds from FHLB and FRB			(100,000)						(250,000)
Redemption of preferred stock			(57,501)						—
Preferred stock dividends paid			(6,848)						(7,713)
Purchase of treasury stock			(5,641)						—
Payments of employee taxes withheld from share-based awards			(12,280)						(4,989)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock			1,133						777
Net Cash Provided By (Used In) Financing Activities			80,507						(426,697)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents			(282,420)						(797,759)
Cash and Cash Equivalents – Beginning			3,785,931						3,846,346
Cash and Cash Equivalents – Ending			$	3,503,511					$	3,048,587
Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Transfer of loans held for investment to held for sale			$	—					$	24,804
Transfer of loans held for sale to held for investment			137,011						3,194
Transfer of loans to other real estate owned			12,306						—

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 — DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS

Customers Bancorp, Inc. (“Customers Bancorp”) is a bank holding company engaged in banking activities through its wholly owned subsidiary, Customers Bank (“the Bank”), collectively referred to as “Customers” herein.

Customers Bancorp and its wholly owned subsidiaries, the Bank, and non-bank subsidiaries, serve businesses and residents in Berks County and Southeastern Pennsylvania (Bucks, Chester and Philadelphia Counties); New York (Westchester and Suffolk Counties, and Manhattan); Hamilton, New Jersey; Boston, Massachusetts; Providence, Rhode Island; Portsmouth, New Hampshire; California (Southern California and the Bay Area); Nevada (Las Vegas and Reno); and nationally for certain loan and deposit products. The Bank has seven branches and provides commercial banking products, primarily loans and deposits. In addition, the Bank also administratively supports loan and other financial products, including equipment finance leases, to customers through its limited-purpose offices. The Bank also serves specialized businesses nationwide, including its mortgage finance loans, commercial equipment financing, SBA lending and specialized lending. The Bank also offers consumer loans through relationships with fintech companies.

The Bank is subject to regulation of the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities and the Federal Reserve Bank and is periodically examined by those regulatory authorities.

NOTE 2 — SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Basis of Presentation

The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present a fair statement of the financial position and the results of operations and cash flows of Customers Bancorp and subsidiaries for the interim periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements have been omitted from these interim unaudited consolidated financial statements as permitted by SEC rules and regulations. The December 31, 2024 consolidated balance sheet presented in this report has been derived from Customers Bancorp’s audited 2024 consolidated financial statements. Management believes that the disclosures are adequate to present fairly the consolidated financial statements as of the dates and for the periods presented. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the 2024 consolidated financial statements of Customers Bancorp and subsidiaries included in Customers’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2025 (the “2024 Form 10-K”). The 2024 Form 10-K describes Customers Bancorp’s significant accounting policies. There have been no material changes to Customers Bancorp’s significant accounting policies noted above for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Presented below are recently issued accounting standards that Customers has adopted as well as those that the FASB has issued but are not yet effective.

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Accounting Standards Adopted in 2025

Standard

Summary of Guidance

Effects on Financial Statements

ASU 2023-08, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Crypto Assets (Subtopic 250-60) Issued December 2023

• Requires crypto assets meeting certain criteria to be subsequently measured at fair value with changes recognized in net income each reporting period. • Requires crypto assets measured at fair value to be presented separately from other intangible assets in the balance sheet and changes from the remeasurement of crypto assets separately from changes in the carrying amounts of other intangible assets in the income statement. • Requires cash receipts arising from crypto assets that are received as noncash consideration in the ordinary course of business and converted nearly immediately into cash as operating activities in the statement of cash flows. • Effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued.

• Customers adopted this guidance on January 1, 2025. This guidance did not have any impact on Customers’ financial condition, results of operations and consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2025-02, Liabilities (Topic 450) - Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 122 Issued March 2025

• Rescinds interpretive guidance regarding the SEC staff’s views on how an entity that has an obligation to safeguard crypto-assets for another party should account for that obligation. An entity with a safeguarding obligation recognizes a safeguarding liability with an accompanying safeguarding asset, measured at the fair value of the safeguarded crypto-asset. • Effective for the annual period beginning after December 15, 2024, on a fully retrospective basis.

• Customers adopted this guidance on January 1, 2025. This guidance did not have any impact on Customers’ financial condition, results of operations and consolidated financial statements.

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Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

Standard

Summary of Guidance

Effects on Financial Statements

ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures Issued December 2023

• Requires public entities to disclose annually a tabular reconciliation of specific reconciling items, including those items exceeding five percent of the amount computed by multiplying income from continuing operations before income taxes by the statutory income tax rate, in the income tax rate reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory tax rate. • Requires disclosures of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, disaggregated by federal, state and foreign taxes and by individual jurisdictions where income taxes paid is equal to or greater than five percent of total income taxes paid, net of refunds received. • Effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued.

• Customers will adopt this ASU and provide the newly required disclosures in the consolidated financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2025.

ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) Issued November 2024 and ASU 2025-01, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date Issued January 2025

• Requires disclosure in the notes to financial statements at each interim and annual reporting period of specified information about certain costs and expenses including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization and depreciation, depletion, and amortization recognized as part of oil-and gas-producing activities. • Requires disclosure of certain amounts already required to be disclosed under U.S. GAAP in the same disclosure as the other disaggregation requirements. • Requires disclosure of a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively. • Requires disclosure of the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity's definition of selling expenses. • Effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted.

• Customers is currently evaluating the expected impact of this ASU on Customers’ consolidated financial statements.

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NOTE 3 — EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

The following are the components and results of Customers’ earnings per common share calculations for the periods presented:

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)			2025						2024						2025						2024
Net income available to common shareholders			$	55,846					$	54,300					$	65,369					$	100,226
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding – basic			31,585,390						31,649,715						31,516,887						31,561,569
Share-based compensation plans			788,671						1,049,434						915,108						1,215,273
Weighted-average number of common shares – diluted			32,374,061						32,699,149						32,431,995						32,776,842
Basic earnings per common share			$	1.77					$	1.72					$	2.07					$	3.18
Diluted earnings per common share			1.73						1.66						2.02						3.06

The following are securities that could potentially dilute basic earnings per common share in future periods that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because either the performance conditions for certain of the share-based compensation awards have not been met or to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented:

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
Anti-dilutive securities:
Share-based compensation awards			18,975						87,531						18,975						1,680

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NOTE 4 — CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) BY COMPONENT

The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Amounts in parentheses indicate reductions to AOCI:

																											Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available for Sale Securities (1)
																											Three Months Ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands)																											2025																																	2024
Balance at April 1																											$	(67,641)																																$	(132,305)
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during period, before tax																											(8,011)																																	(851)
Income tax effect																											2,119																																	219
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications																											(5,892)																																	(632)
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in net income, before tax																											1,797																																	719
Income tax effect																											(475)																																	(185)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income																											1,322																																	534
Amortization of unrealized loss on securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity																											1,206																																	1,406
Income tax effect																											(320)																																	(361)
Amortization of unrealized loss on securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity																											886																																	1,045
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)																											(3,684)																																	947
Balance at June 30																											$	(71,325)																																$	(131,358)

																											Unrealized Gains (Losses) Available for Sale Securities (1)
																											Six Months Ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands)																											2025						2024
Balance at January 1																											$	(96,560)					$	(136,569)
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during period, before tax																											(21,260)						3,629
Income tax effect																											5,603						(919)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications																											(15,657)						2,710
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in net income, before tax																											53,116						749
Income tax effect																											(13,972)						(193)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income																											39,144						556
Amortization of unrealized loss on securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity																											2,375						2,612
Income tax effect																											(627)						(667)
Amortization of unrealized loss on securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity																											1,748						1,945
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)																											25,235						5,211
Balance at June 30																											$	(71,325)					$	(131,358)

(1)    Reclassification amounts for AFS debt securities are reported as net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities or impairment loss on investment securities, and amortization of unrealized losses on debt securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity is reported within interest income on the consolidated statements of income.

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NOTE 5 — INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Investment securities at fair value

The amortized cost, approximate fair value and allowance for credit losses of investment securities at fair value as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized as follows:

			June 30, 2025 (1)
(amounts in thousands)			Amortized Cost						Allowance for Credit Losses						Gross Unrealized Gains						Gross Unrealized Losses						Fair Value
Available for sale debt securities:
Asset-backed securities			$	230,077					$	(584)					$	—					$	(795)					$	228,698
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities			457,217						—						831						(3,417)						454,631
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations			337,857						—						869						(11,388)						327,338
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations			97,755						—						321						(3,345)						94,731
Collateralized loan obligations			10,800						—						—						(248)						10,552
Corporate notes			402,854						(16,772)						1,079						(20,951)						366,210
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations			391,532						—						—						(27,126)						364,406
Available for sale debt securities			$	1,928,092					$	(17,356)					$	3,100					$	(67,270)					1,846,566
Equity securities (2)																											30,840
Total investment securities, at fair value																											$	1,877,406

			December 31, 2024 (1)
(amounts in thousands)			Amortized Cost						Allowance for Credit Losses						Gross Unrealized Gains						Gross Unrealized Losses						Fair Value
Available for sale debt securities:
Asset-backed securities			$	14,820					$	(362)					$	—					$	(1,222)					$	13,236
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities			330,637						—						146						(3,745)						327,038
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations			242,858						—						—						(16,112)						226,746
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations			95,850						—						44						(2,819)						93,075
Collateralized loan obligations			257,500						—						100						(2,193)						255,407
Commercial mortgage-backed securities			78,707						—						—						(999)						77,708
Corporate notes			564,524						(7,135)						347						(41,406)						516,330
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations			502,985						(107)						95						(27,075)						475,898
Available for sale debt securities			$	2,087,881					$	(7,604)					$	732					$	(95,571)					1,985,438
Equity securities (2)																											34,256
Total investment securities, at fair value																											$	2,019,694

(1)Accrued interest on AFS debt securities totaled $11.5 million and $15.0 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is included in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet.

(2)Includes perpetual preferred stock issued by domestic banks and domestic bank holding companies and equity securities issued by fintech companies, without a readily determinable fair value, and CRA-qualified mutual fund shares at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Impairments of $2.3 million have been recorded on certain equity securities without a readily determinable fair value during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and included within other non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income.

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Customers’ transactions with unconsolidated VIEs include sales of consumer installment loans and investments in the securities issued by the VIEs. Customers is not the primary beneficiary of the VIEs because Customers has no right to make decisions that will most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIEs. Customers’ continuing involvement with the unconsolidated VIEs is not significant. Customers’ continuing involvement is not considered to be significant where Customers only invests in securities issued by the VIE and was not involved in the design of the VIE or where Customers has transferred financial assets to the VIE for only cash consideration. Customers’ investments in the securities issued by the VIEs are classified as AFS or HTM debt securities on the consolidated balance sheets, and represent Customers’ maximum exposure to loss.

Proceeds from the sale of AFS debt securities were $450.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. Proceeds from the sale of AFS debt securities were $218.7 million and $240.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. The following table presents gross realized gains and realized losses from the sale of AFS debt securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands)			2025						2024						2025						2024
Gross realized gains			$	3,248					$	176					$	3,248					$	176
Gross realized losses			(5,045)						(895)						(5,045)						(925)
Net realized gains (losses) on sale of available for sale debt securities			$	(1,797)					$	(719)					$	(1,797)					$	(749)

These gains (losses) were determined using the specific identification method and were reported as net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities within non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income.

The following table presents AFS debt securities by stated maturity. Debt securities backed by mortgages and other assets have expected maturities that differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay and, therefore, these debt securities are classified separately with no specific maturity date.

			June 30, 2025
(amounts in thousands)			Amortized Cost						Fair Value
Due in one year or less			$	34,170					$	33,748
Due after one year through five years			304,280						275,437
Due after five years through ten years			59,404						51,932
Due after ten years			5,000						5,093
Asset-backed securities			230,077						228,698
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities			457,217						454,631
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations			337,857						327,338
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations			97,755						94,731
Collateralized loan obligations			10,800						10,552
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations			391,532						364,406
Total available for sale debt securities			$	1,928,092					$	1,846,566

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Gross unrealized losses and fair value of Customers’ AFS debt securities for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

			June 30, 2025
			Less Than 12 Months												12 Months or More												Total
(amounts in thousands)			Fair Value						Unrealized Losses						Fair Value						Unrealized Losses						Fair Value						Unrealized Losses
Available for sale debt securities:
Asset-backed securities			$	—					$	—					$	3,200					$	(216)					$	3,200					$	(216)
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities			308,429						(3,417)						—						—						308,429						(3,417)
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations			115,580						(1,540)						96,069						(9,848)						211,649						(11,388)
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations			44,598						(1,926)						30,891						(1,419)						75,489						(3,345)
Collateralized loan obligations			—						—						10,552						(248)						10,552						(248)
Corporate notes			25,766						(1,734)						143,729						(9,544)						169,495						(11,278)
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations			29,701						(299)						334,705						(26,827)						364,406						(27,126)
Total			$	524,074					$	(8,916)					$	619,146					$	(48,102)					$	1,143,220					$	(57,018)

			December 31, 2024
			Less Than 12 Months												12 Months or More												Total
(amounts in thousands)			Fair Value						Unrealized Losses						Fair Value						Unrealized Losses						Fair Value						Unrealized Losses
Available for sale debt securities:
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities			$	266,568					$	(3,745)					$	—					$	—					$	266,568					$	(3,745)
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations			126,602						(2,717)						100,144						(13,395)						226,746						(16,112)
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations			85,902						(2,819)						—						—						85,902						(2,819)
Collateralized loan obligations			35,710						(265)						205,639						(1,928)						241,349						(2,193)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities			—						—						77,708						(999)						77,708						(999)
Corporate notes			74,373						(976)						239,509						(16,064)						313,882						(17,040)
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations			29,419						(581)						351,040						(24,552)						380,459						(25,133)
Total			$	618,574					$	(11,103)					$	974,040					$	(56,938)					$	1,592,614					$	(68,041)

At June 30, 2025, there were 30 AFS debt securities with unrealized losses in the less-than-twelve-months category and 40 AFS debt securities with unrealized losses in the twelve-months-or-more category. Except for certain AFS debt securities where there was a change in future estimated cash flows as further discussed below, the unrealized losses were principally due to changes in credit spreads that resulted in a negative impact on the respective securities’ fair value and expected to be recovered when market prices recover or at maturity. Customers does not intend to sell any of the 70 securities with unrealized losses, and it is not more likely than not that Customers will be required to sell any of the 70 securities before recovery of the amortized cost basis. At December 31, 2024, there were 117 AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position.

Customers recorded an allowance for credit losses on certain AFS debt securities where there was a change in future estimated cash flows during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. A discounted cash flow approach is used to determine the amount of the allowance. The cash flows expected to be collected, after considering expected prepayments, are discounted at the original effective interest rate. The amount of the allowance is limited to the difference between the amortized cost basis of the security and its estimated fair value.

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The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses on AFS debt securities, by major security type, for the periods presented:

			Three Months Ended June 30,
			2025																								2024
(amounts in thousands)			Asset-backed securities						Corporate notes						Private label CMOs						Total						Asset-backed securities						Corporate notes						Total
Balance at April 1			$	353					$	12,774					$	—					$	13,127					$	450					$	4,619					$	5,069
Credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded			400						128						—						528						—						466						466
Credit losses on previously impaired securities			—						2,189						—						2,189						—						242						242
Decrease in allowance for credit losses on previously impaired securities			(169)						(124)						—						(293)						(83)						(355)						(438)
Reduction due to sales and intent to sell			—						(100)						—						(100)						—						—						—
Allowance for credit losses on PCD debt securities			—						1,905						—						1,905						—						—						—
Balance at June 30			$	584					$	16,772					$	—					$	17,356					$	367					$	4,972					$	5,339

			Six Months Ended June 30,
			2025																								2024
(amounts in thousands)			Asset-backed securities						Corporate notes						Private label CMOs						Total						Asset-backed securities						Corporate notes						Total
Balance at January 1			$	362					$	7,135					$	107					$	7,604					$	483					$	3,469					$	3,952
Credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded			400						128						—						528						—						631						631
Credit losses on previously impaired securities			16						9,188						—						9,204						—						1,057						1,057
Decrease in allowance for credit losses on previously impaired securities			(194)						(223)						—						(417)						(116)						(185)						(301)
Reduction due to sales and intent to sell			—						(1,361)						(107)						(1,468)						—						—						—
Allowance for credit losses on PCD debt securities			—						1,905						—						1,905						—						—						—
Balance at June 30			$	584					$	16,772					$	—					$	17,356					$	367					$	4,972					$	5,339

Customers acquired $5.1 million of corporate notes at a discount that are PCD debt securities classified as available-for-sale during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. The reconciliation between the purchase price and the par value of the PCD debt securities was as follows:

(amounts in thousands)
Par value						$	5,100
Unamortized discount						(1,165)
Allowance for credit losses						(1,905)
Purchase price						$	2,030

Customers has elected to not estimate an ACL on accrued interest receivable on AFS debt securities, as it already has a policy in place to reverse or write-off accrued interest, through interest income, for debt securities in nonaccrual status in a timely manner. At June 30, 2025, there were eleven positions in two corporate note issuers in nonaccrual status. At December 31, 2024, there was one corporate note in nonaccrual status. No accrued interest income was reversed for the three months ended June 30, 2025. Customers recorded a reversal of $4.1 million in accrued interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2025. No accrued interest income was reversed for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no AFS investment securities holding of any one issuer, other than the U.S. government and its agencies, amounted to greater than 10% of shareholders’ equity.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Customers Bank had pledged AFS investment securities aggregating $1.2 billion and $1.3 billion in fair value, respectively, as collateral primarily for immediately available liquidity from the FRB and the FHLB. The counterparty does not have the ability to sell or repledge these securities.

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Investment securities held to maturity

The amortized cost, approximate fair value and allowance for credit losses of investment securities held to maturity as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized as follows:

			June 30, 2025 (1)
(amounts in thousands)			Amortized Cost						Allowance for Credit Losses						Net Carrying Value						Gross Unrealized Gains						Gross Unrealized Losses						Fair Value
Held to maturity debt securities:
Asset-backed securities			$	352,781					$	—					$	352,781					$	251					$	(1,597)					$	351,435
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities			6,792						—						6,792						—						(942)						5,850
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities			1,729						—						1,729						—						(243)						1,486
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations			161,284						—						161,284						—						(17,502)						143,782
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations			170,372						—						170,372						—						(25,156)						145,216
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations			160,168						—						160,168						—						(13,502)						146,666
Total held to maturity debt securities			$	853,126					$	—					$	853,126					$	251					$	(58,942)					$	794,435

			December 31, 2024 (1)
(amounts in thousands)			Amortized Cost						Allowance for Credit Losses						Net Carrying Value						Gross Unrealized Gains						Gross Unrealized Losses						Fair Value
Held to maturity debt securities:
Asset-backed securities			$	471,996					$	—					$	471,996					$	1,775					$	(401)					$	473,370
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities			6,880						—						6,880						—						(940)						5,940
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities			1,770						—						1,770						—						(146)						1,624
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations			169,754						—						169,754						—						(21,984)						147,770
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations			158,320						—						158,320						—						(22,689)						135,631
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations			183,217						—						183,217						574						(13,449)						170,342
Total held to maturity debt securities			$	991,937					$	—					$	991,937					$	2,349					$	(59,609)					$	934,677

(1)Accrued interest on HTM debt securities totaled $1.9 million and $2.4 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is included in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet.

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The following table presents HTM debt securities by stated maturity, including debt securities backed by mortgages and other assets with expected maturities that differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay and, therefore, are classified separately with no specific maturity date:

			June 30, 2025
(amounts in thousands)			Amortized Cost						Fair Value
Asset-backed securities			$	352,781					$	351,435
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities			6,792						5,850
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities			1,729						1,486
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations			161,284						143,782
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations			170,372						145,216
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations			160,168						146,666
Total held to maturity debt securities			$	853,126					$	794,435

Customers recorded no allowance for credit losses on investment securities classified as held to maturity at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The U.S. government agency securities represent obligations issued by a U.S. government-sponsored enterprise or other federal government agency that are explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. federal government and therefore, assumed to have zero credit losses. The private label collateralized mortgage obligations that are highly rated with sufficient overcollateralization are estimated to have no expected credit losses. Customers recorded no allowance for its investments in the asset-backed securities. Customers considered the seniority of its beneficial interests, which include overcollateralization of these asset-backed securities in the estimate of the ACL at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The unrealized losses on HTM debt securities with no ACL were primarily due to changes in market interest rates that resulted in a negative impact on the respective securities’ fair value and are expected to be recovered when market prices recover or at maturity.

Credit Quality Indicators

Customers monitors the credit quality of HTM debt securities primarily through credit ratings provided by rating agencies. Investment grade debt securities are rated BBB- or higher by S&P Global Ratings, Baa3 or higher by Moody’s Investors Service or equivalent ratings by other rating agencies, and are generally considered to be of low credit risk. Except for the asset-backed securities and a private label collateralized mortgage obligation, all of the HTM debt securities held by Customers were investment grade or U.S. government agency guaranteed securities that were not rated at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The asset-backed securities and a private label collateralized mortgage obligation are not rated by rating agencies. Customers monitors the credit quality of these asset-backed securities and a private label collateralized mortgage obligation by evaluating the performance of the sold consumer installment loans and other underlying loans against the overcollateralization available for these securities.

The following table presents the amortized cost of HTM debt securities based on their lowest credit rating available:

			June 30, 2025
(amounts in thousands)			AAA						AA																																																Not Rated						Total
Held to maturity debt securities:
Asset-backed securities			$	—					$	—																																															$	352,781					$	352,781
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities			—						—																																																6,792						6,792
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities			—						—																																																1,729						1,729
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations			—						—																																																161,284						161,284
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations			—						—																																																170,372						170,372
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations			98,151						9,348																																																52,669						160,168
Total held to maturity debt securities			$	98,151					$	9,348																																															$	745,627					$	853,126

Customers has elected to not estimate an ACL on accrued interest receivable on HTM debt securities, as it already has a policy in place to reverse or write-off accrued interest, through interest income, for debt securities in nonaccrual status in a timely manner. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no HTM debt securities past due under the terms of their agreements or in nonaccrual status.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Customers Bank had pledged HTM investment securities aggregating $391.2 million and $386.4 million in fair value, respectively, as collateral primarily for immediately available liquidity from the FRB and the FHLB. The counterparties do not have the ability to sell or repledge these securities.

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NOTE 6 – LOANS HELD FOR SALE

The composition of loans held for sale as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was as follows:

(amounts in thousands)			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Residential mortgage loans, at fair value			$	5,180					$	1,836
Personal installment loans, at lower of cost or fair value			27,682						40,903
Other installment loans, at fair value			101						162,055
Total loans held for sale			$	32,963					$	204,794

Total loans held for sale included NPLs of $0.4 million and $2.8 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Refer to NOTE 7 — LOANS AND LEASES RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS AND LEASES for additional information on the transfer of other consumer installment loans, at fair value, from loans held for sale to held for investment during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

NOTE 7 — LOANS AND LEASES RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS AND LEASES

The following table presents loans and leases receivable as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

(amounts in thousands)			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Loans and leases receivable:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial:
Specialized lending (1)			$	6,454,661					$	5,842,420
Other commercial and industrial			1,127,194						1,182,350
Multifamily			2,247,282						2,252,246
Commercial real estate owner occupied			1,065,006						1,100,944
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied			1,497,385						1,359,130
Construction			98,626						147,209
Total commercial loans and leases receivable			12,490,154						11,884,299
Consumer:
Residential real estate			520,570						496,559
Manufactured housing			30,287						33,123
Installment:
Personal			457,728						463,854
Other			221,090						249,799
Total consumer loans receivable			1,229,675						1,243,335
Loans and leases receivable			13,719,829						13,127,634
Loans receivable, mortgage finance, at fair value			1,536,254						1,321,128
Loans receivable, installment, at fair value			123,354						—
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases			(147,418)						(136,775)
Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases (2)			$	15,232,019					$	14,311,987

(1)Includes direct finance and sales-type equipment leases of $264.3 million and $262.7 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(2)Includes deferred (fees) costs and unamortized (discounts) premiums, net of $(47.2) million and $(20.8) million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

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Customers’ total loans and leases receivable includes loans receivable reported at fair value based on an election made to account for these loans at fair value and loans and leases receivable predominately reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balance, net of charge-offs, deferred costs and fees and unamortized premiums and discounts, and evaluated for impairment. The total amount of accrued interest recorded for total loans was $85.9 million and $88.2 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is presented in accrued interest receivable in the consolidated balance sheet. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were $18.3 million and $31.9 million of individually evaluated loans that were collateral-dependent, respectively. Substantially all individually evaluated loans are collateral-dependent and consisted primarily of commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, and residential real estate loans. Collateral-dependent commercial and industrial loans were secured by accounts receivable, inventory and equipment; collateral-dependent commercial real estate loans were secured by commercial real estate assets; and residential real estate loans were secured by residential real estate assets.

Loans and leases receivable

The following tables summarize loans and leases receivable by loan and lease type and performance status as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

			June 30, 2025
(amounts in thousands)			30-59 Days past due (1)						60-89 Days past due (1)						90 Days or more past due (2)						Total past due						Loans and leases not past due (3)(4)						Total loans and leases (4)
Commercial and industrial, including specialized lending			$	5,611					$	1,492					$	3,548					$	10,651					$	7,560,142					$	7,570,793
Multifamily			—						—						—						—						2,247,282						2,247,282
Commercial real estate owner occupied			533						—						7,004						7,537						1,057,469						1,065,006
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied			—						—						62						62						1,497,323						1,497,385
Construction			—						—						—						—						98,626						98,626
Residential real estate			6,279						2,935						3,769						12,983						507,587						520,570
Manufactured housing			439						196						1,906						2,541						27,746						30,287
Installment			4,843						6,507						4,944						16,294						662,524						678,818
Total			$	17,705					$	11,130					$	21,233					$	50,068					$	13,658,699					$	13,708,767

			December 31, 2024
(amounts in thousands)			30-59 Days past due (1)						60-89 Days past due (1)						90 Days or more past due (2)						Total past due						Loans and leases not past due (3)(4)						Total loans and leases (4)
Commercial and industrial, including specialized lending			$	3,655					$	19,854					$	3,606					$	27,115					$	6,974,904					$	7,002,019
Multifamily			—						—						11,834						11,834						2,240,412						2,252,246
Commercial real estate owner occupied			11,395						—						8,071						19,466						1,081,478						1,100,944
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied			—						—						17,007						17,007						1,342,123						1,359,130
Construction			—						—						—						—						147,209						147,209
Residential real estate			9,541						4,560						3,384						17,485						479,074						496,559
Manufactured housing			766						155						2,262						3,183						29,940						33,123
Installment			7,918						5,108						5,613						18,639						695,014						713,653
Total			$	33,275					$	29,677					$	51,777					$	114,729					$	12,990,154					$	13,104,883

(1)Includes past due loans and leases that are accruing interest because collection is considered probable.

(2)Includes loans amounting to $4.7 million and $17.1 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, that are still accruing interest because collection is considered probable.

(3)Loans and leases where next payment due is less than 30 days from the report date. The tables exclude PPP loans.

(4)Includes PCD loans of $109.3 million and $126.4 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Customers acquired $32.1 million of PCD commercial and industrial loans and recognized $1.0 million of allowance for credit losses upon acquisition during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

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Nonaccrual Loans and Leases

The following table presents the amortized cost of loans and leases held for investment on nonaccrual status:

			June 30, 2025																		December 31, 2024
(amounts in thousands)			Nonaccrual loans with no related allowance						Nonaccrual loans with related allowance						Total nonaccrual loans						Nonaccrual loans with no related allowance						Nonaccrual loans with related allowance						Total nonaccrual loans
Commercial and industrial, including specialized lending			$	4,218					$	—					$	4,218					$	4,041					$	—					$	4,041
Multifamily			—						—						—						11,834						—						11,834
Commercial real estate owner occupied			7,005						—						7,005						8,090						—						8,090
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied			62						—						62						354						—						354
Residential real estate			7,964						270						8,234						8,274						440						8,714
Manufactured housing			—						1,608						1,608						—						1,852						1,852
Installment			—						4,944						4,944						—						5,613						5,613
Total			$	19,249					$	6,822					$	26,071					$	32,593					$	7,905					$	40,498

Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was insignificant for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Accrued interest reversed when the loans went to nonaccrual status was insignificant for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Loans receivable, mortgage finance, at fair value

Mortgage finance loans consist of commercial loans to mortgage companies. These mortgage finance lending transactions are subject to master repurchase agreements. As a result of the contractual provisions, for accounting purposes, control of the underlying mortgage loan has not transferred and the rewards and risks of the mortgage loans are not assumed by Customers. The mortgage finance loans are designated as loans held for investment and reported at fair value based on an election made to account for the loans at fair value. Pursuant to the agreements, Customers funds the pipelines for these mortgage lenders by sending payments directly to the closing agents for funded mortgage loans and receives proceeds directly from third party investors when the underlying mortgage loans are sold into the secondary market. The fair value of the mortgage finance loans is estimated as the amount of cash initially advanced to fund the mortgage, plus accrued interest and fees, as specified in the respective agreements. The interest rates on these loans are variable, and the lending transactions are short-term, with an average life under 30 days from purchase to sale. The primary goal of these lending transactions is to provide liquidity to mortgage companies.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, all of Customers’ mortgage finance loans were current in terms of payment. As these loans are reported at their fair value, they do not have an ACL and are therefore excluded from ACL-related disclosures.

Loans receivable, installment, at fair value

Customers has a lending arrangement with a fintech company, which recently was acquired by a bank, whereby Customers has been originating consumer installment loans and holding these loans prior to sale. These consumer installment loans were designated as loans held for sale and reported at fair value based on an election made to account for the loans at fair value. The lending arrangement with this fintech company expired during the three months ended June 30, 2025. Customers transferred these consumer installment loans from held for sale to held for investment during the three months ended March 31, 2025, and continue to be reported at fair value based on an election made to account for the loans at fair value.

At June 30, 2025, Customers had $2.0 million of consumer installment loans, at fair value, in nonaccrual status. As these loans are reported at their fair value, they do not have an ACL and are therefore excluded from ACL-related disclosures.

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Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases

The changes in the ACL on loans and leases by loan and lease type for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are presented in the tables below:

(amounts in thousands)			Commercial and industrial (1)						Multifamily						Commercial real estate owner occupied						Commercial real estate non-owner occupied						Construction						Residential real estate						Manufactured housing						Installment												Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Ending Balance, March 31, 2025			$	30,584					$	18,790					$	10,780					$	18,058					$	1,264					$	6,163					$	3,800					$	51,637											$	141,076
Allowance for credit losses on PCD loans, net of charge-offs and recoveries (2)			1,000						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												1,000
Charge-offs			(5,996)						—						(417)						—						—						—						—						(10,750)												(17,163)
Recoveries			2,125						—						6						—						3						4						—						1,910												4,048
Provision (benefit) for credit losses on loans and leases			8,549						2,074						2,145						2,621						893						164						(79)						2,090												18,457
Ending Balance, June 30, 2025			$	36,262					$	20,864					$	12,514					$	20,679					$	2,160					$	6,331					$	3,721					$	44,887											$	147,418
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Ending Balance, December 31, 2024			$	29,379					$	18,511					$	10,755					$	17,405					$	1,250					$	5,968					$	3,829					$	49,678											$	136,775
Allowance for credit losses on PCD loans, net of charge-offs (2)			1,000						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												1,000
Charge-offs			(10,503)						(3,834)						(436)						—						—						—						—						(23,153)												(37,926)
Recoveries			3,401						—						9						—						6						4						—						4,247												7,667
Provision (benefit) for credit losses on loans and leases			12,985						6,187						2,186						3,274						904						359						(108)						14,115												39,902
Ending Balance, June 30, 2025			$	36,262					$	20,864					$	12,514					$	20,679					$	2,160					$	6,331					$	3,721					$	44,887											$	147,418

(amounts in thousands)			Commercial and industrial (1)						Multifamily						Commercial real estate owner occupied						Commercial real estate non-owner occupied						Construction						Residential real estate						Manufactured housing						Installment												Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Ending Balance, March 31, 2024			$	23,003					$	18,307					$	10,201					$	18,320					$	1,866					$	6,707					$	4,160					$	50,732											$	133,296
Charge-offs			(7,348)						(1,433)						—						—						—						—						—						(13,943)												(22,724)
Recoveries			1,683						—						—						—						7						20						—						2,303												4,013
Provision (benefit) for credit losses on loans and leases			6,383						3,778						(1,770)						(354)						(17)						(843)						(66)						10,740												17,851
Ending Balance, June 30, 2024			$	23,721					$	20,652					$	8,431					$	17,966					$	1,856					$	5,884					$	4,094					$	49,832											$	132,436
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Ending Balance, December 31, 2023			$	23,503					$	16,343					$	9,882					$	16,859					$	1,482					$	6,586					$	4,239					$	56,417											$	135,311
Charge-offs			(12,744)						(1,906)						(22)						—						—						(19)						—						(30,860)												(45,551)
Recoveries			3,407						—						—						—						7						21						—						5,437												8,872
Provision (benefit) for credit losses on loans and leases			9,555						6,215						(1,429)						1,107						367						(704)						(145)						18,838												33,804
Ending Balance, June 30, 2024			$	23,721					$	20,652					$	8,431					$	17,966					$	1,856					$	5,884					$	4,094					$	49,832											$	132,436

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(1)    Includes specialized lending.

(2)    Represents $1.0 million of allowance for credit losses on PCD loans recognized upon acquisition of commercial and industrial loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

At June 30, 2025, the ACL on loans and leases was $147.4 million, an increase of $10.6 million from the December 31, 2024 balance of $136.8 million. The increase in ACL for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was primarily attributable to slight deterioration in macroeconomic forecasts and an increase in loan balances held for investment.

Loan Modifications for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

A borrower is considered to be experiencing financial difficulty when there is a significant doubt about the borrower’s ability to make the required principal and interest payments on the loan or to get an equivalent financing from another creditor at a market rate for a similar loan.

When borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty, Customers may make certain loan modifications as part of loss mitigation strategies to maximize expected payment. To be classified as a modification made to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, the modification must be in the form of an interest rate reduction, principal forgiveness, or an other-than-insignificant payment delay (payment deferral), term extension, or combinations thereof.

Customers will generally try other forms of relief before principal forgiveness. Any contractual reduction in the amount of principal due without receiving payment or assets is considered forgiveness. For the purpose of this disclosure, Customers considers any contractual change in interest rate that results in a reduction in interest rate relative to the current stated interest rate as an interest rate reduction. Generally, Customers considers any delay in payment of greater than 90 days in the last twelve months to be significant. Term extensions extend the original contractual maturity of the loan. For the purpose of this disclosure, modification of contingent payment features or covenants that would have accelerated payment are not considered term extensions.

The following tables present the amortized cost of loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and type of modification granted:

									Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)									Term Extension						Payment Deferral						Debt Forgiveness						Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension						Total						Percentage of Total by Financing Class
Personal installment									$	665					$	233					$	789					$	—					$	1,687					0.37		%
Total									$	665					$	233					$	789					$	—					$	1,687

									Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
(dollars in thousands)									Term Extension						Payment Deferral						Debt Forgiveness						Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension						Total						Percentage of Total by Financing Class
Commercial and industrial, including specialized lending									$	1,997					$	1,756					$	—					$	—					$	3,753					0.06		%
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied									17,265						—						—						—						17,265						1.44		%
Manufactured housing									82						—						—						49						131						0.36		%
Personal installment									373						34						35						—						442						0.09		%
Total									$	19,717					$	1,790					$	35					$	49					$	21,591

									Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)									Term Extension						Payment Deferral						Debt Forgiveness						Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension						Total						Percentage of Total by Financing Class
Commercial and industrial, including specialized lending									$	731					$	760					$	—					$	—					$	1,491					0.02		%
Personal installment									2,922						1,491						888						126						5,427						1.19		%
Total									$	3,653					$	2,251					$	888					$	126					$	6,918

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									Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
(dollars in thousands)									Term Extension						Payment Deferral						Debt Forgiveness						Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension						Total						Percentage of Total by Financing Class
Commercial and industrial, including specialized lending									$	1,997					$	3,743					$	—					$	—					$	5,740					0.09		%
Multifamily									—						10,691						—						—						10,691						0.52		%
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied									17,265						—						—						—						17,265						1.44		%
Residential real estate									—						53						—						—						53						0.01		%
Manufactured housing									82						—						—						49						131						0.36		%
Personal installment									3,840						189						68						—						4,097						0.86		%
Total									$	23,184					$	14,676					$	68					$	49					$	37,977

As of June 30, 2025, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors experiencing financial difficulty whose loans have been modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

The following tables summarize the impacts of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

			Three Months Ended June 30, 2025																								Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
			Weighted Average																								Weighted Average
(dollars in thousands)			Interest Rate Reduction (%)						Term Extension (in months)						Payment Deferral (in months)						Debt Forgiven						Interest Rate Reduction (%)						Term Extension (in months)						Payment Deferral (in months)						Debt Forgiven
Commercial and industrial, including specialized lending			—%						0						0						$	—					—%						1						7						$	—
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied			—						0						0						—						—						12						0						—
Manufactured housing			—						0						0						—						4.3						50						0						—
Personal installment			—						5						9						794						—						4						7						41

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2025																								Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
			Weighted Average																								Weighted Average
(dollars in thousands)			Interest Rate Reduction (%)						Term Extension (in months)						Payment Deferral (in months)						Debt Forgiven						Interest Rate Reduction (%)						Term Extension (in months)						Payment Deferral (in months)						Debt Forgiven
Commercial and industrial, including specialized lending			—		%				11						6						$	—					—		%				1						5						$	—
Multifamily			—						0						0						—						—						0						5						—
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied			—						0						0						—						—						12						0						—
Residential real estate			—						0						0						—						—						0						5						—
Manufactured housing			—						0						0						—						4.3						50						0						—
Personal installment			11.5						5						7						867						—						6						7						141

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The performance of loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in which modifications were made is closely monitored to understand the effectiveness of modification efforts. Loans are considered to be in payment default at 90 days or more past due. The following tables present an aging analysis of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the twelve months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

			June 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)			30-59 Days past due						60-89 Days past due						90 Days or more past due						Current						Total
Commercial and industrial, including specialized lending			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	6,286					$	6,286
Residential real estate			—						—						—						301						301
Manufactured housing			—						—						—						167						167
Personal installment			542						574						517						5,431						7,064
Total			$	542					$	574					$	517					$	12,185					$	13,818

			June 30, 2024
(dollars in thousands)			30-59 Days past due						60-89 Days past due						90 Days or more past due						Current						Total
Commercial and industrial, including specialized lending			$	—					$	—					$	3,743					$	14,101					$	17,844
Multifamily			—						—						—						10,691						10,691
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied			—						—						—						17,265						17,265
Residential real estate			—						—						—						99						99
Manufactured housing			124						36						—						317						477
Personal installment			510						312						417						9,317						10,556
Total			$	634					$	348					$	4,160					$	51,790					$	56,932

The loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the twelve months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, that subsequently defaulted were not material. Customers’ ACL is influenced by loan level characteristics that inform the assessed propensity to default. As such, the provision for credit losses is impacted by changes in such loan level characteristics, such as payment performance. Loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty can be classified as either accrual or nonaccrual.

Credit Quality Indicators

The ACL represents management’s estimate of expected losses in Customers’ loans and leases receivable portfolio, excluding mortgage finance and consumer installment loans reported at fair value pursuant to a fair value option election and PPP loans as these loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA, provided that the eligibility criteria are met. Commercial and industrial including specialized lending, multifamily, owner occupied commercial real estate, non-owner occupied commercial real estate, and construction loans are rated based on an internally assigned risk rating system which is assigned at the time of loan origination and reviewed on a periodic, or on an “as needed” basis. Residential real estate, manufactured housing and installment loans are evaluated based on the payment activity of the loan.

To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality within the commercial and industrial including specialized lending, multifamily, owner occupied commercial real estate, non-owner occupied commercial real estate, and construction loan portfolios, and as an input in the ACL lifetime loss rate model for the commercial and industrial loan portfolio, the Bank utilizes the following categories of risk ratings: pass/satisfactory (includes risk rating 1 through 6), special mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss. The risk rating categories, which are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions, are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter. Pass ratings, which are assigned to those borrowers who do not have identified potential or well-defined weaknesses and for whom there is a high likelihood of orderly repayment, are updated periodically based on the size and credit characteristics of the borrower. All other categories are updated on a quarterly basis during the month preceding the end of the calendar quarter. While assigning risk ratings involves judgment, the risk-rating process allows management to identify riskier credits in a timely manner and allocate the appropriate resources to manage those loans and leases. The 2024 Form 10-K describes Customers Bancorp’s risk rating grades.

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Risk ratings are not established for certain consumer loans, including residential real estate, home equity, manufactured housing, and installment loans, mainly because these portfolios consist of a larger number of homogeneous loans with smaller balances. Instead, these portfolios are evaluated for risk mainly based upon aggregate payment history through the monitoring of delinquency levels and trends and are classified as performing and non-performing. The following tables present the credit ratings of loans and leases receivable and current period gross write-offs as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

			Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year as of June 30, 2025
(amounts in thousands)			2025						2024						2023						2022						2021						Prior						Revolving loans amortized cost basis						Revolving loans converted to term						Total
Commercial and industrial loans and leases, including specialized lending:
Pass			$	1,542,752					$	1,416,872					$	678,303					$	1,073,219					$	308,666					$	154,004					$	2,018,133					$	144,228					$	7,336,177
Special mention			7,200						11,194						—						22,625						3,993						—						13,736						7,956						66,704
Substandard			—						3,750						1,399						19,790						394						94,403						45,629						2,547						167,912
Doubtful			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total commercial and industrial loans and leases			$	1,549,952					$	1,431,816					$	679,702					$	1,115,634					$	313,053					$	248,407					$	2,077,498					$	154,731					$	7,570,793
Commercial and industrial loans and leases charge-offs:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	5,565					$	—					$	431					$	—					$	—					$	5,996
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025			—						—						103						9,578						12						810						—						—						10,503
Multifamily loans:
Pass			$	152,314					$	239,500					$	794					$	1,165,607					$	274,385					$	311,652					$	—					$	—					$	2,144,252
Special mention			—						—						—						11,242						9,535						17,890						—						—						38,667
Substandard			—						—						—						7,243						11,955						45,165						—						—						64,363
Doubtful			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total multifamily loans			$	152,314					$	239,500					$	794					$	1,184,092					$	295,875					$	374,707					$	—					$	—					$	2,247,282
Multifamily loans charge-offs:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025			—						—						—						—						—						3,834						—						—						3,834
Commercial real estate owner occupied loans:
Pass			$	66,025					$	394,619					$	53,471					$	208,759					$	164,087					$	134,525					$	7,605					$	34					$	1,029,125
Special mention			—						—						—						392						1,520						7,086						—						11,061						20,059
Substandard			—						—						2,944						—						—						12,878						—						—						15,822
Doubtful			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total commercial real estate owner occupied loans			$	66,025					$	394,619					$	56,415					$	209,151					$	165,607					$	154,489					$	7,605					$	11,095					$	1,065,006
Commercial real estate owner occupied loans charge-offs:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	417					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	417
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025			—						—						—						417						—						19						—						—						436
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans:
Pass			$	197,119					$	162,718					$	16,348					$	393,371					$	94,341					$	573,579					$	2,000					$	—					$	1,439,476
Special mention			—						—						21,971						26,639						—						547						—						—						49,157
Substandard			—						—						—						—						—						8,752						—						—						8,752
Doubtful			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans			$	197,119					$	162,718					$	38,319					$	420,010					$	94,341					$	582,878					$	2,000					$	—					$	1,497,385
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans charge-offs:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—

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			Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year as of June 30, 2025
(amounts in thousands)			2025						2024						2023						2022						2021						Prior						Revolving loans amortized cost basis						Revolving loans converted to term						Total
Construction loans:
Pass			$	9,917					$	32,740					$	36,512					$	19,457					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	98,626
Special mention			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Substandard			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Doubtful			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total construction loans			$	9,917					$	32,740					$	36,512					$	19,457					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	98,626
Construction loans charge-offs:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total commercial loans and leases receivable			$	1,975,327					$	2,261,393					$	811,742					$	2,948,344					$	868,876					$	1,360,481					$	2,087,103					$	165,826					$	12,479,092
Total commercial loans and leases receivable charge-offs:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	5,982					$	—					$	431					$	—					$	—					$	6,413
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025			—						—						103						9,995						12						4,663						—						—						14,773
Residential real estate loans:
Performing			$	41,585					$	43,880					$	20,275					$	158,868					$	119,203					$	80,485					$	48,282					$	—					$	512,578
Non-performing			—						135						416						1,200						1,160						4,796						285						—						7,992
Total residential real estate loans			$	41,585					$	44,015					$	20,691					$	160,068					$	120,363					$	85,281					$	48,567					$	—					$	520,570
Residential real estate loans charge-offs:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Manufactured housing loans:
Performing			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	29,186					$	—					$	—					$	29,186
Non-performing			—						—						—						—						—						1,101						—						—						1,101
Total manufactured housing loans			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	30,287					$	—					$	—					$	30,287
Manufactured housing loans charge-offs:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Installment loans:
Performing			$	35,106					$	89,950					$	194,252					$	199,486					$	64,404					$	40,627					$	43,786					$	2					$	667,613
Non-performing			951						6,010						1,830						1,367						641						313						93						—						11,205
Total installment loans			$	36,057					$	95,960					$	196,082					$	200,853					$	65,045					$	40,940					$	43,879					$	2					$	678,818
Installment loans charge-offs:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025			$	364					$	1,081					$	3,258					$	3,437					$	1,713					$	897					$	—					$	—					$	10,750
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025			581						1,739						6,557						8,266						4,277						1,733						—						—						23,153
Total consumer loans			$	77,642					$	139,975					$	216,773					$	360,921					$	185,408					$	156,508					$	92,446					$	2					$	1,229,675
Total consumer loans charge-offs:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025			$	364					$	1,081					$	3,258					$	3,437					$	1,713					$	897					$	—					$	—					$	10,750
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025			581						1,739						6,557						8,266						4,277						1,733						—						—						23,153

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			Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year as of June 30, 2025
(amounts in thousands)			2025						2024						2023						2022						2021						Prior						Revolving loans amortized cost basis						Revolving loans converted to term						Total
Loans and leases receivable			$	2,052,969					$	2,401,368					$	1,028,515					$	3,309,265					$	1,054,284					$	1,516,989					$	2,179,549					$	165,828					$	13,708,767
Loans and leases receivable charge-offs:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025			$	364					$	1,081					$	3,258					$	9,419					$	1,713					$	1,328					$	—					$	—					$	17,163
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025			$	581					$	1,739					$	6,660					$	18,261					$	4,289					$	6,396					$	—					$	—					$	37,926

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			Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year as of December 31, 2024
(amounts in thousands)			2024						2023						2022						2021						2020						Prior						Revolving loans amortized cost basis						Revolving loans converted to term						Total
Commercial and industrial loans and leases, including specialized lending:
Pass			$	2,103,150					$	738,456					$	1,278,246					$	333,068					$	107,840					$	6,742					$	1,907,480					$	336,100					$	6,811,082
Special mention			16,905						—						6,933						1,522						—						62						8,144						3,630						37,196
Substandard			—						1,631						43,668						11,525						4,178						62,095						27,830						2,814						153,741
Doubtful			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total commercial and industrial loans and leases			$	2,120,055					$	740,087					$	1,328,847					$	346,115					$	112,018					$	68,899					$	1,943,454					$	342,544					$	7,002,019
Commercial and industrial loans and leases charge-offs:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024 (1)			$	312					$	2,765					$	5,833					$	4,865					$	2,429					$	7,531					$	—					$	—					$	23,735
Multifamily loans:
Pass			$	235,685					$	813					$	1,182,371					$	288,055					$	124,779					$	314,967					$	—					$	—					$	2,146,670
Special mention			—						—						14,040						12,093						—						32,316						—						—						58,449
Substandard			—						—						—						—						—						47,127						—						—						47,127
Doubtful			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total multifamily loans			$	235,685					$	813					$	1,196,411					$	300,148					$	124,779					$	394,410					$	—					$	—					$	2,252,246
Multifamily loans charge-offs:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	4,073					$	—					$	—					$	4,073
Commercial real estate owner occupied loans:
Pass			$	395,522					$	54,356					$	211,300					$	195,169					$	42,078					$	118,677					$	7,605					$	104					$	1,024,811
Special mention			—						—						159						16,429						10,000						15,885						—						11,136						53,609
Substandard			—						2,944						703						—						—						18,877						—						—						22,524
Doubtful			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total commercial real estate owner occupied loans			$	395,522					$	57,300					$	212,162					$	211,598					$	52,078					$	153,439					$	7,605					$	11,240					$	1,100,944
Commercial real estate owner occupied loans charge-offs:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	365					$	—					$	—					$	365
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans:
Pass			$	163,429					$	30,367					$	412,352					$	96,656					$	165,111					$	413,336					$	2,000					$	—					$	1,283,251
Special mention			—						12,000						4,277						—						—						431						—						—						16,708
Substandard			—						—						—						—						—						59,171						—						—						59,171
Doubtful			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans			$	163,429					$	42,367					$	416,629					$	96,656					$	165,111					$	472,938					$	2,000					$	—					$	1,359,130
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans charge-offs:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	145					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	145
Construction loans:
Pass			$	16,103					$	22,610					$	94,957					$	—					$	—					$	4,446					$	—					$	—					$	138,116
Special mention			—						9,093						—						—						—						—						—						—						9,093
Substandard			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Doubtful			—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Total construction loans			$	16,103					$	31,703					$	94,957					$	—					$	—					$	4,446					$	—					$	—					$	147,209
Construction loans charge-offs:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Total commercial loans and leases receivable			$	2,930,794					$	872,270					$	3,249,006					$	954,517					$	453,986					$	1,094,132					$	1,953,059					$	353,784					$	11,861,548

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			Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year as of December 31, 2024
(amounts in thousands)			2024						2023						2022						2021						2020						Prior						Revolving loans amortized cost basis						Revolving loans converted to term						Total
Total commercial loans and leases receivable charge-offs:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024			$	312					$	2,765					$	5,833					$	4,865					$	2,574					$	11,969					$	—					$	—					$	28,318
Residential real estate loans:
Performing			$	45,757					$	20,701					$	163,473					$	123,170					$	5,827					$	77,989					$	50,807					$	—					$	487,724
Non-performing			138						273						925						1,077						317						5,425						680						—						8,835
Total residential real estate loans			$	45,895					$	20,974					$	164,398					$	124,247					$	6,144					$	83,414					$	51,487					$	—					$	496,559
Residential real estate loans charge-offs:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	38					$	—					$	—					$	38
Manufactured housing loans:
Performing			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	31,570					$	—					$	—					$	31,570
Non-performing			—						—						—						—						—						1,553						—						—						1,553
Total manufactured housing loans			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	33,123					$	—					$	—					$	33,123
Manufactured housing loans charge-offs:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
Installment loans:
Performing			$	86,018					$	164,223					$	255,777					$	98,375					$	31,808					$	25,733					$	46,126					$	5					$	708,065
Non-performing			238						1,829						1,698						918						260						504						141						—						5,588
Total installment loans			$	86,256					$	166,052					$	257,475					$	99,293					$	32,068					$	26,237					$	46,267					$	5					$	713,653
Installment loans charge-offs:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024			$	2,797					$	8,791					$	22,707					$	15,211					$	2,811					$	3,792					$	—					$	—					$	56,109
Total consumer loans			$	132,151					$	187,026					$	421,873					$	223,540					$	38,212					$	142,774					$	97,754					$	5					$	1,243,335
Total consumer loans charge-offs:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024			$	2,797					$	8,791					$	22,707					$	15,211					$	2,811					$	3,830					$	—					$	—					$	56,147
Loans and leases receivable			$	3,062,945					$	1,059,296					$	3,670,879					$	1,178,057					$	492,198					$	1,236,906					$	2,050,813					$	353,789					$	13,104,883
Loans and leases receivable charge-offs:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024			$	3,109					$	11,556					$	28,540					$	20,076					$	5,385					$	15,799					$	—					$	—					$	84,465

(1)    Charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 included $5.0 million of commercial and industrial loans originated under the PPP that were subsequently determined to be ineligible for SBA forgiveness and guarantee and were ultimately deemed uncollectible.

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Loan Purchases and Sales

Purchases and sales of loans held for investment were as follows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands)			2025						2024						2025						2024
Purchases (1)
Other commercial and industrial			$	52,776					$	—					$	53,855					$	7,403
Construction			10,080						—						10,080						—
Personal installment (2)			40,700						43,241						145,641						43,241
Total			$	103,556					$	43,241					$	209,576					$	50,644
Sales (3)
Other commercial and industrial			$	—					$	23,708					$	—					$	23,708
Multifamily			—						—						8,000						—
Personal installment			—						—						281						—
Total			$	—					$	23,708					$	8,281					$	23,708

(1)Amounts reported in the above table are the unpaid principal balance at time of purchase. The purchase price was 74.4% and 99.5% of the loans’ unpaid principal balance for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The purchase price was 87.1% and 99.6% of the loans’ unpaid principal balance for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(2)Installment loan purchases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 consist of third-party originated unsecured consumer loans. None of the loans held for investment are considered sub-prime at the time of origination. Customers considers sub-prime borrowers to be those with FICO scores below 660.

(3)The gain on sales of loans held for investment was insignificant for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, sales of loans held for investment resulted in net losses of $0.2 million included in net gain (loss) on sale of loans and leases in the consolidated statements of income.

$32.1 million of the other commercial and industrial loans purchased during three and six months ended June 30, 2025 were classified as PCD. The reconciliation between the purchase price and the unpaid principal balance was as follows:

(amounts in thousands)
Par value						$	32,050
Unamortized discount						(16,217)
Allowance for credit losses						(1,000)
Purchase price						$	14,833

Loans Pledged as Collateral

Customers has pledged eligible commercial and residential real estate, multifamily, commercial and industrial, PPP and consumer installment loans as collateral for borrowings outstanding or available immediately from the FHLB and FRB in the amount of $7.9 billion and $8.0 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

NOTE 8 — LEASES

Lessee

Customers has operating leases for its branches, certain LPOs, and administrative offices, with remaining lease terms ranging between one month and ten years. These operating leases comprise substantially all of Customers’ obligations in which Customers is the lessee. These lease agreements typically consist of initial lease terms ranging between one and ten years, with options to renew the leases or extend the term up to ten years at Customers’ sole discretion. Some operating leases include variable lease payments that are based on an index or rate, such as the CPI. Variable lease payments are not included in the liability or ROU asset and are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments are incurred. Customers’ operating lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Pursuant to these agreements, Customers does not have any commitments that would meet the definition of a finance lease.

As most of Customers’ operating leases do not provide an implicit rate, Customers utilized its incremental borrowing rate when determining the present value of lease payments.

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The following table summarizes operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities and their corresponding balance sheet location:

(amounts in thousands)			Classification						June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
ASSETS
Operating lease ROU assets			Other assets						$	33,110					$	35,322
LIABILITIES
Operating lease liabilities			Other liabilities						$	36,575					$	37,882

The following table summarizes operating lease cost and its corresponding income statement location for the periods presented:

									Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands)			Classification						2025						2024						2025						2024
Operating lease cost (1)			Occupancy expenses						$	1,877					$	1,300					$	3,826					$	2,485

(1) There were no variable lease costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and sublease income for operating leases was immaterial.

Maturities of non-cancelable operating lease liabilities were as follows at June 30, 2025:

(amounts in thousands)			June 30, 2025
2025			$	3,174
2026			6,647
2027			6,161
2028			5,546
2029			4,802
Thereafter			17,171
Total minimum payments			43,501
Less: interest			6,926
Present value of lease liabilities			$	36,575

Customers does not have leases where it is involved with the construction or design of an underlying asset. Cash paid pursuant to the operating lease liabilities was $1.5 million and $3.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. Cash paid pursuant to the operating lease liabilities was $1.3 million and $2.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. These payments were reported as cash flows used in operating activities in the statement of cash flows.

The following table summarizes the weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate for Customers’ operating leases at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

June 30, 2025

December 31, 2024

Weighted average remaining lease term (years)

Operating leases

8.0 years

8.2 years

Weighted average discount rate

Operating leases

4.15

%

4.22

%

Equipment Lessor

Customers’ commercial equipment financing group goes to market through the following origination platforms: vendors, intermediaries, direct and capital markets. The commercial equipment financing group is primarily focused on serving the following industries: transportation, construction (includes crane and utility), marine, franchise, general manufacturing (includes machine tool), helicopter/fixed wing, solar, packaging, plastics and food processing. Lease terms typically range from 24 months to 120 months. The commercial equipment financing group offers the following products: Loans, Capital Lease, PUT, TRAC, Split-TRAC, and FMV. Customers’ commercial equipment financing group leases equipment under direct finance, sales-type or operating leases.

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The estimated residual values for direct finance, sales-type and operating leases are established by utilizing internally developed analyses, external studies, and/or third-party appraisals to establish a residual position. For the direct finance leases, only Customers’ Split-TRAC leases have residual risk and the unguaranteed portions are typically nominal. Expected credit losses on direct financing and sales-type leases and the related estimated residual values are included in the ACL on loans and leases.

Direct finance and sales-type equipment leases, are included in commercial and industrial loans and leases receivable and are recorded at the discounted amounts of lease payments receivable and the estimated residual value of the leased assets. Interest income on direct finance and sales-type leases is recognized over the term of the leases using the effective interest method. Any difference between the lower of the fair value of the underlying leased asset or the sum of the lease receivables and the carrying amount of the underlying leased asset would result to a gain or loss at the lease commencement date. Customers’ direct finance and sales-type lease activity primarily relates to leasing of new equipment.

Customers’ commercial equipment financing group has executed leases of commercial clean vehicles that qualified for investment tax credits in 2024. Customers accounted for these leases as sales-type leases and were included in loans and leases receivable on the balance sheet. Customers did not enter into sales-type leases of commercial clean vehicles that qualified for investment tax credits during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Customers’ commercial equipment financing group had total interest income, including from direct financing and sales-type leases of $15.3 million and $10.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Customers’ commercial equipment financing group had total interest income, including from direct financing and sales-type leases of $29.8 million and $20.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Leased assets under operating leases are reported at amortized cost, net of accumulated depreciation and any impairment charges, and are presented in other assets. The depreciation expense of the leased assets is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of the leases up to the expected residual value. The expected residual value and, accordingly, the monthly depreciation expense, may change throughout the term of the lease. Operating lease rental income for leased assets is recognized in commercial lease income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Customers periodically reviews its operating leased assets for impairment. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the operating leased asset exceeds its fair value and is not recoverable. The carrying amount of operating leased assets is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the lease payments and the estimated residual value upon the eventual disposition of the equipment.

The following table summarizes lease receivables and investment in operating leases and their corresponding balance sheet location at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

(amounts in thousands)			Classification						June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
ASSETS
Direct financing and sales-type leases
Lease receivables			Loans and leases receivable						$	250,112					$	251,507
Guaranteed residual assets			Loans and leases receivable						26,977						24,045
Unguaranteed residual assets			Loans and leases receivable						11,513						10,463
Deferred initial direct costs			Loans and leases receivable						1,329						1,352
Unearned income			Loans and leases receivable						(25,592)						(24,673)
Net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases									$	264,339					$	262,694
Operating leases
Investment in operating leases			Other assets						$	331,187					$	308,993
Accumulated depreciation			Other assets						(98,189)						(95,053)
Deferred initial direct costs			Other assets						1,061						978
Net investment in operating leases									234,059						214,918
Total lease assets									$	498,398					$	477,612

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Maturities of operating and direct financing and sales-type lease receivables were as follows at June 30, 2025:

(amounts in thousands)			Operating leases						Direct financing and sales-type leases
2025			$	27,599					$	40,990
2026			56,305						65,940
2027			43,816						57,294
2028			67,332						38,480
2029			29,261						26,264
Thereafter			44,460						21,144
Total minimum payments			$	268,773					250,112
Less: interest									25,592
Present value of lease receivables									$	224,520

NOTE 9 – DEPOSITS

The components of deposits at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
(amounts in thousands)
Demand, non-interest bearing			$	5,481,065					$	5,608,288
Demand, interest bearing			4,912,839						5,553,698
Savings, including money market deposit accounts			5,581,588						4,976,270
Time			3,000,526						2,708,205
Total deposits			$	18,976,018					$	18,846,461

The scheduled maturities for time deposits at June 30, 2025 were as follows:

(amounts in thousands)			June 30, 2025
2025			$	411,584
2026			1,065,068
2027			470,409
2028			534,721
2029			394,887
Thereafter			123,857
Total time deposits			$	3,000,526

Time deposits greater than the FDIC limit of $250,000 totaled $916.7 million and $803.1 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Demand deposit overdrafts reclassified as loans were $0.9 million and $1.2 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Bank had $1.6 billion and $1.5 billion in deposits, respectively, to which it had pledged $1.7 billion and $1.5 billion of available borrowing capacity through the FHLB to the depositors through a standby letter of credit arrangement, respectively.

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NOTE 10 - BORROWINGS

Short-term debt

Short-term debt at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was as follows:

			June 30, 2025												December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)			Amount						Rate						Amount						Rate
FHLB advances			$	100,000					4.49		%				$	100,000					4.61		%
Total short-term debt			$	100,000											$	100,000

The following is a summary of additional information relating to Customers’ short-term debt:

(dollars in thousands)			June 30, 2025 (1)						December 31, 2024 (2)
FHLB advances
Maximum outstanding at any month end			$	100,000					$	150,000
Average balance during the period			72,928						8,880
Weighted-average interest rate during the period			4.58		%				5.71		%

(1)    For the six months ended June 30, 2025.

(2)    For the year ended December 31, 2024.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Customers Bank had aggregate availability under federal funds lines totaling $1.6 billion and $1.7 billion, respectively.

Long-term debt

FHLB and FRB advances

Long-term FHLB and FRB advances at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

			June 30, 2025																		December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)			Amount									Rate									Amount									Rate
FHLB advances (1)			$	1,095,377		(2)						4.19		%	(3)						$	1,028,352		(2)						4.11		%	(3)
Total long-term FHLB and FRB advances			$	1,095,377																	$	1,028,352

(1)    Amounts reported in the above table include fixed rate long-term advances from FHLB of $850.0 million with maturities ranging from September 2025 to March 2028, and variable rate long-term advances from FHLB of $240.0 million with maturities ranging from December 2026 to December 2028 with a returnable option that can be repaid without penalty on certain predetermined dates at Customers Bank’s option, at June 30, 2025.

(2)    Includes $5.4 million and $(1.6) million of unamortized basis adjustments from interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of long-term advances from FHLB at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Refer to NOTE 16 — DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES for additional information.

(3)    Excludes the effect of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of long-term advances from FHLB.

Maturities of long-term FHLB advances were as follows at June 30, 2025:

			June 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)			Amount (1)						Rate (2)
2025			$	100,000					4.42		%
2026			250,000						4.43		%
2027			560,000						3.93		%
2028			180,000						4.55		%
2029			—						—		%
Thereafter			—						—		%
Total long-term FHLB advances			$	1,090,000

(1)    Amounts reported in the above table include variable rate long-term advances from FHLB of $240.0 million with maturities ranging from December 2026 to December 2028 with a returnable option that can be repaid without penalty on certain predetermined dates at Customers Bank’s option.

(2)    Excludes the effect of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of long-term advances from FHLB.

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The maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB and FRB at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was as follows:

(amounts in thousands)			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Total maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB			$	3,819,412					$	3,562,171
Total maximum borrowing capacity with the FRB			4,134,678						4,357,519
Qualifying loans and securities serving as collateral against FHLB and FRB			9,471,384						9,722,736

Senior and Subordinated Debt

Long-term senior notes and subordinated debt at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

(dollars in thousands)												Carrying Amount
Issued by						Ranking						June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024						Rate						Issued Amount						Date Issued						Maturity						Price
Customers Bancorp						Senior (1)						$	99,138					$	99,068					2.875		%				$	100,000					August 2021						August 2031						100.000		%
Total other borrowings												$	99,138					$	99,068
Customers Bancorp						Subordinated (2)(3)						$	73,038					$	72,947					5.375		%				$	74,750					December 2019						December 2034						100.000		%
Customers Bank						Subordinated (2)(4)						109,611						109,562						6.125		%				110,000						June 2014						June 2029						100.000		%
Total subordinated debt												$	182,649					$	182,509

(1)The senior notes will bear an annual fixed rate of 2.875% until August 15, 2026. From August 15, 2026 until maturity, the notes will bear an annual interest rate equal to a benchmark rate, which is expected to be the three-month term SOFR, plus 235 basis points. Customers Bancorp has the ability to call the senior notes, in whole, or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal balance at certain times on or after August 15, 2026.

(2)The subordinated notes qualify as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes.

(3)Customers Bancorp has the ability to call the subordinated notes, in whole, or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal balance at certain times on or after December 30, 2029.

(4)The subordinated notes had an annual fixed rate of 6.125% until June 26, 2024. From June 26, 2024 until maturity, the notes bear an annual interest rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 344.3 basis points. Pursuant to the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act enacted by Congress on March 15, 2022, Customers substituted three-month term SOFR plus a tenor spread adjustment of 26.161 basis points for three-month LIBOR as the benchmark reference rate in order to calculate the annual interest rate after June 26, 2024. Customers Bank has the ability to call the subordinated notes, in whole, or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal balance at certain times on or after June 26, 2024.

NOTE 11 — SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock

On June 26, 2024, the Board of Directors of Customers Bancorp authorized a new common stock repurchase program, the 2024 Share Repurchase Program, to repurchase up to 497,509 shares of the Company’s common stock. The term of the 2024 Share Repurchase Program will extend for one year from June 26, 2024, unless earlier terminated. Purchases of shares under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program may be executed through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, through the use of Rule 10b5-1 plans, or otherwise. The exact number of shares, timing for such purchases, and the price and terms at and on which such purchases are to be made will be at the discretion of the Company and will comply with all applicable regulatory limitations. Customers Bancorp purchased 104,206 shares of its common stock for $5.6 million under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program during the six months ended June 30, 2025. As of March 30, 2025, Customers had purchased all shares authorized under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program.

Preferred Stock

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Customers Bancorp had one and two series of preferred stock outstanding, respectively. On June 16, 2025, Customers redeemed all of the outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock for an aggregate payment of $57.5 million, at a redemption price of $25.00 per share. The redemption price paid in excess of the carrying value of Series E Preferred Stock of $1.9 million is included as a loss on redemption of preferred stock in the consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. After giving effect to the redemption, no shares of the Series E Preferred Stock remained outstanding.

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The table below summarizes Customers’ issuances of preferred stock that remain outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and the dividends paid per share:

(amounts in thousands except share and per share data)												Shares at												Carrying value at																		Initial Fixed Rate						Date at which dividend rate becomes floating and earliest redemption date						Floating rate of Three-Month SOFR (1) Plus:						Dividend Paid Per Share in 2025 (2)
Fixed-to-floating rate:						Issue Date						June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024						June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Series E						April 28, 2016						—						2,300,000						$	—					$	55,593											6.45		%				June 15, 2021						5.140		%				$	1.23
Series F						September 16, 2016						3,400,000						3,400,000						82,201						82,201												6.00		%				December 15, 2021						4.762		%				$	1.18
Totals												3,400,000						5,700,000						$	82,201					$	137,794

(1)    Pursuant to the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act enacted by Congress on March 15, 2022, Customers substituted three-month term SOFR plus a tenor spread adjustment of 26.161 basis points for three-month LIBOR as the benchmark reference rate on Series E and F Preferred Stock, plus 5.14% and 4.762%, respectively, beginning with dividends declared on October 25, 2023.

(2)    For the six months ended June 30, 2025.

NOTE 12 — SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Customers’ 2019 Plan is administered by the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the aggregate number of shares of common stock available for grant under the 2019 Plan was 533,513 and 841,513 shares, respectively.

Share-based compensation expense relating to stock options and restricted stock units is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting periods of the awards and is a component of salaries and employee benefits expense. Total share-based compensation expense for the team members’ incentives for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $4.1 million and $2.9 million, respectively. Total share-based compensation expense for the team members’ incentives for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $8.0 million and $6.4 million, respectively. At June 30, 2025, there was $29.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to all non-vested share-based compensation awards. This cost is expected to be recognized through 2029.

Restricted Stock Units

The fair value of restricted stock units granted under the 2019 Plan is determined based on the closing market price of Customers’ common stock on the date of grant, except for the performance based restricted stock units with market conditions under a long-term incentive compensation plan. There were 59,683 and 73,126 restricted stock units granted under the 2019 Plan during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were 338,498 and 277,401 restricted stock units granted under the 2019 Plan during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The grants are mostly subject to either a three-year waterfall vesting (with one third of the amount vesting annually) or a three-year cliff vesting, with 41,823 and 39,555 of those units for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, also subject to the performance metrics, including total shareholder return, return on average common equity, and average NPAs to total assets over a three-year period relative to the performance of its peer group. The performance conditions are considered probable.

The tables below present the status of the restricted stock units at June 30, 2025 and 2024, and changes during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

			Three Months Ended June 30, 2025												Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
			Restricted Stock Units						Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value						Restricted Stock Units						Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value
Outstanding and unvested at April 1,			980,921						$	39.18					1,273,595						$	29.69
Granted			59,683						42.77						73,126						46.03
Vested			(167,172)						27.25						(202,113)						24.86
Forfeited			(37,489)						45.87						(63,506)						33.09
Outstanding and unvested at June 30,			835,943						41.52						1,081,102						31.50

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			Six Months Ended June 30, 2025												Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
			Restricted Stock Units						Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value						Restricted Stock Units						Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value
Outstanding and unvested at December 31,			1,110,122						$	32.61					1,159,782						$	26.78
Granted			338,498						49.28						277,401						48.82
Vested			(570,949)						28.31						(286,751)						28.46
Forfeited			(41,728)						45.20						(69,330)						32.54
Outstanding and unvested at June 30,			835,943						41.52						1,081,102						31.50

On July 25, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Company, upon the recommendation of the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee, approved the grant of an incentive award of 225,000 performance-based restricted stock units subject to certain performance conditions under the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan in connection with an executive appointment. These restricted stock units vest if the executive is employed by the Company as of January 1, 2031 and, at any time during a five-year period commencing on January 1, 2026, the average closing price of the Company’s common stock is, for 20 consecutive trading days, equal to or greater than $125.00.

NOTE 13 — FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITH OFF-BALANCE SHEET RISK

Customers is involved with financial instruments and other commitments with off-balance sheet risks. Financial instruments with off-balance sheet risks are incurred in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of the Bank’s customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, including unused portions of lines of credit, and standby letters of credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized on the balance sheet.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the following off-balance sheet commitments, financial instruments and other arrangements were outstanding:

(amounts in thousands)			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Commitments to fund loans and leases			$	239,753					$	165,881
Unfunded commitments to fund mortgage finance loans			1,406,308						1,562,593
Unfunded commitments under lines of credit and credit cards			3,769,483						3,825,727
Letters of credit			35,019						31,832
Other unused and unfunded commitments			30,486						28,904

Allowance For Credit Losses on Lending-Related Commitments

ACL on lending related commitments is a liability account, calculated in accordance with ASC 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (“ASC 326”), representing expected credit losses over the contractual period for which Customers is exposed to credit risk resulting from a contractual obligation to extend credit. Customers recognized a provision for credit losses of $1.6 million and $2.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 resulting in an ACL of $7.7 million as of June 30, 2025. Customers recognized a provision for credit losses of $1.6 million and $2.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 resulting in an ACL of $4.9 million as of June 30, 2024. Customers had an ACL on unfunded lending-related commitments of $4.9 million as of December 31, 2024. The ACL on lending-related commitments is recorded in accrued interest payable and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet and the credit loss expense is recorded as a provision for credit losses within other non-interest expense in the consolidated statement of income.

NOTE 14 — REGULATORY CAPITAL

The Bank and the Bancorp are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet the minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on Customers’ financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank and the Bancorp must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items, as calculated under the regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.

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In first quarter 2020, the U.S federal banking regulatory agencies permitted banking organizations to phase-in, for regulatory capital purposes, the day-one impact of the new CECL accounting rule on retained earnings over a period of three years. As part of its response to the impact of COVID-19, on March 31, 2020, the U.S. federal banking regulatory agencies issued an interim final rule that provided the option to temporarily delay certain effects of CECL on regulatory capital for two years, followed by a three-year transition period. The interim final rule allowed banking organizations to delay for two years 100% of the day-one impact of adopting CECL and 25% of the cumulative change in the reported allowance for credit losses since adopting CECL. Customers elected to adopt the interim final rule, which is reflected in the regulatory capital data presented below. The cumulative CECL capital transition impact as of December 31, 2021 which amounted to $61.6 million was phased in at 25% per year beginning on January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, our regulatory capital ratios reflected the full impact of the CECL transition provisions.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank and the Bancorp to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of common equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and total capital to risk-weighted assets, and Tier 1 capital to average assets (as defined in the regulations). At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Bank and the Bancorp satisfied all capital requirements to which they were subject.

Generally, to comply with the regulatory definition of adequately capitalized, or well capitalized, respectively, or to comply with the Basel III capital requirements, an institution must at least maintain the common equity Tier 1, Tier 1 and total risk-based capital ratios and the Tier 1 leverage ratio in excess of the related minimum ratios as set forth in the following table:

															Minimum Capital Levels to be Classified as:
			Actual												Adequately Capitalized												Well Capitalized												Basel III Compliant
(dollars in thousands)			Amount						Ratio						Amount						Ratio						Amount						Ratio						Amount						Ratio
As of June 30, 2025:
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.			$	1,846,512					12.050		%				$	689,552					4.500		%				N/A						N/A						$	1,072,636					7.000		%
Customers Bank			$	1,989,341					13.003		%				$	688,458					4.500		%				$	994,439					6.500		%				$	1,070,935					7.000		%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.			$	1,928,713					12.587		%				$	919,402					6.000		%				N/A						N/A						$	1,302,487					8.500		%
Customers Bank			$	1,989,341					13.003		%				$	917,944					6.000		%				$	1,223,925					8.000		%				$	1,300,421					8.500		%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.			$	2,220,223					14.489		%				$	1,225,870					8.000		%				N/A						N/A						$	1,608,954					10.500		%
Customers Bank			$	2,206,899					14.425		%				$	1,223,925					8.000		%				$	1,529,907					10.000		%				$	1,606,402					10.500		%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.			$	1,928,713					8.583		%				$	898,830					4.000		%				N/A						N/A						$	898,830					4.000		%
Customers Bank			$	1,989,341					8.860		%				$	898,110					4.000		%				$	1,122,638					5.000		%				$	898,110					4.000		%
As of December 31, 2024:
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.			$	1,803,601					12.087		%				$	671,841					4.500		%				N/A						N/A						$	1,044,526					7.000		%
Customers Bank			$	1,930,951					12.955		%				$	670,719					4.500		%				$	968,817					6.500		%				$	1,043,341					7.000		%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.			$	1,941,394					13.011		%				$	895,308					6.000		%				N/A						N/A						$	1,268,353					8.500		%
Customers Bank			$	1,930,951					12.955		%				$	894,292					6.000		%				$	1,192,390					8.000		%				$	1,266,914					8.500		%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.			$	2,219,984					14.878		%				$	1,193,744					8.000		%				N/A						N/A						$	1,566,789					10.500		%
Customers Bank			$	2,136,594					14.335		%				$	1,192,390					8.000		%				$	1,490,487					10.000		%				$	1,565,012					10.500		%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.			$	1,941,394					8.694		%				$	893,254					4.000		%				N/A						N/A						$	893,254					4.000		%
Customers Bank			$	1,930,951					8.652		%				$	892,755					4.000		%				$	1,115,944					5.000		%				$	892,755					4.000		%

The Basel III Capital Rules require that we maintain a 2.500% capital conservation buffer with respect to each of common equity Tier 1, Tier 1 and total capital to risk-weighted assets, which provides for capital levels that exceed the minimum risk-based capital adequacy requirements. A financial institution with a conservation buffer of less than the required amount is subject to limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and stock repurchases, and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers.

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NOTE 15 — DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Customers uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to disclose the fair value of its financial instruments. ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of the estimated fair value of an entity’s assets and liabilities considered to be financial instruments. For Customers, as for most financial institutions, the majority of its assets and liabilities are considered to be financial instruments. Many of these instruments lack an available trading market as characterized by a willing buyer and a willing seller engaging in an exchange transaction. For fair value disclosure purposes, Customers utilized certain fair value measurement criteria under ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), as explained below.

In accordance with ASC 820, the fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for Customers’ various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, focusing on an exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.

The fair value guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy and describes the following three levels used to classify fair value measurements.

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require adjustments to inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported with little or no market activity).

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of Customers’ financial instruments as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Investment securities:

The fair values of equity securities with a readily determinable fair value, AFS debt securities and debt securities reported at fair value based on a fair value option election are determined by obtaining quoted market prices on nationally recognized and foreign securities exchanges (Level 1), quoted prices in markets that are not active (Level 2), matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices, or internally and externally developed models that use unobservable inputs due to limited or no market activity of the instrument (Level 3).

When quoted market prices are not available, Customers employs an independent pricing service that utilizes matrix pricing to calculate fair value. Such fair value measurements consider observable data such as dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, yield curves, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayments speeds, credit information, and respective terms and conditions for debt instruments. Management maintains procedures to monitor the pricing service’s results and has an established process to challenge their valuations, or methodologies, that appear unusual or unexpected.

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Customers also utilizes internally and externally developed models that use unobservable inputs due to limited or no market activity of the instrument. These models use unobservable inputs that are inherently judgmental and reflect our best estimates of the assumptions a market participant would use to calculate fair value. Certain unobservable inputs in isolation may have either a directionally consistent or opposite impact on the fair value of the instrument for a given change in that input. When multiple inputs are used within the valuation techniques, a change in one input in a certain direction may be offset by an opposite change from another input. These assets are classified as Level 1, 2 or 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Loans held for sale - Residential mortgage loans (fair value option):

Customers generally estimates the fair values of residential mortgage loans held for sale based on commitments on hand from investors within the secondary market for loans with similar characteristics. These assets are classified as Level 2 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Loans held for sale and Loans receivable - Consumer other installment loans (fair value option):

The fair value of medical and home improvement installment loans within consumer other installment loans is the amount of cash initially advanced to fund the loan, as specified in the agreement with fintech companies, and generally held for up to 90 days prior to sale. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, Customers transferred medical installment loans from held for sale to held for investment in connection with a lending arrangement with a fintech company that expired in the second quarter of 2025. These assets are classified as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Loans receivable - Mortgage finance loans (fair value option):

The fair value of mortgage finance loans is the amount of cash initially advanced to fund the mortgage, plus accrued interest and fees, as specified in the respective agreements. The loan is used by mortgage companies as short-term bridge financing between the funding of the mortgage loans and the finalization of the sale of the loans to an investor. Changes in fair value are not generally expected to be recognized because at inception of the transaction the underlying mortgage loans have already been sold to an approved investor. Additionally, the interest rate is variable, and the transaction is short-term, with an average life of under 30 days from purchase to sale. These assets are classified as Level 2 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Derivatives (assets and liabilities):

The fair values of interest rate swaps, caps and collars and credit derivatives are determined using models that incorporate readily observable market data into a market standard methodology. This methodology nets the discounted future cash receipts and the discounted expected cash payments. The discounted variable cash receipts and payments are based on expectations of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves. In addition, fair value is adjusted for the effect of nonperformance risk by incorporating credit valuation adjustments for Customers and its counterparties. These assets and liabilities are classified as Level 2 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Derivative assets and liabilities are presented in other assets and accrued interest payable and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Collateral-dependent loans:

Collateral-dependent loans are those loans that are accounted for under ASC 326, in which the Bank has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral or DCF analysis. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties that collateralize the loans, DCF based upon the expected proceeds, sales agreements or letters of intent with third parties. These assets are generally classified as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Other real estate owned:

The fair value of OREO is determined by using appraisals, which may be discounted based on management’s review and changes in market conditions or sales agreements with third parties. All appraisals must be performed in accordance with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice. Appraisals are certified to the Bank and performed by appraisers on the Bank’s approved list of appraisers. Evaluations are completed by a person independent of management. The content of the appraisal depends on the complexity of the property. Appraisals are completed on a “retail value” and an “as is value”. These assets are classified as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

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The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of Customers’ fair value in its entirety because fair value calculations are only provided for a limited portion of Customers’ assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making these estimates, comparisons between Customers’ disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful.

The estimated fair values of Customers’ financial instruments at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

															Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2025
(amounts in thousands)			Carrying Amount						Estimated Fair Value						Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)						Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)						Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents			$	3,503,511					$	3,503,511					$	3,503,511					$	—					$	—
Debt securities, available for sale			1,846,566						1,846,566						—						1,617,868						228,698
Debt securities, held to maturity			853,126						794,435						—						443,000						351,435
Loans held for sale			32,963						32,963						—						5,180						27,783
Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases			15,232,019						14,954,795						—						1,536,254						13,418,541
FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank, and other restricted stock			100,590						100,590						—						100,590						—
Derivatives			13,611						13,611						—						13,515						96
Liabilities:
Deposits			$	18,976,018					$	18,996,060					$	15,975,492					$	3,020,568					$	—
FHLB advances			1,195,377						1,194,067						—						1,194,067						—
Other borrowings			99,138						82,000						—						82,000						—
Subordinated debt			182,649						168,868						—						168,868						—
Derivatives			18,824						18,824						—						18,824						—

															Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024
(amounts in thousands)			Carrying Amount						Estimated Fair Value						Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)						Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)						Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents			$	3,785,931					$	3,785,931					$	3,785,931					$	—					$	—
Debt securities, available for sale			1,985,438						1,985,438						—						1,972,202						13,236
Debt securities, held to maturity			991,937						934,677						—						461,307						473,370
Loans held for sale			204,794						204,794						—						1,836						202,958
Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases			14,311,987						14,104,884						—						1,321,128						12,783,756
FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank, and other restricted stock			96,214						96,214						—						96,214						—
Derivatives			15,263						15,263						—						15,223						40
Liabilities:
Deposits			$	18,846,461					$	18,842,810					$	16,138,256					$	2,704,554					$	—
FHLB advances			1,128,352						1,103,324						—						1,103,324						—
Other borrowings			99,068						88,000						—						88,000						—
Subordinated debt			182,509						167,601						—						167,601						—
Derivatives			22,570						22,570						—						22,570						—

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For financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

			June 30, 2025
			Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
(amounts in thousands)			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)						Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)						Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)						Total
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:
Assets
Available for sale debt securities:
Asset-backed securities			$	—					$	—					$	228,698					$	228,698
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities			—						454,631						—						454,631
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations			—						327,338						—						327,338
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations			—						94,731						—						94,731
Collateralized loan obligations			—						10,552						—						10,552
Corporate notes			—						366,210						—						366,210
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations			—						364,406						—						364,406
Derivatives			—						13,515						96						13,611
Loans held for sale – fair value option			—						5,180						27,783						32,963
Loans receivable, mortgage finance – fair value option			—						1,536,254						—						1,536,254
Loans receivable, installment – fair value option			—						—						123,354						123,354
Total assets – recurring fair value measurements			$	—					$	3,172,817					$	379,931					$	3,552,748
Liabilities
Derivatives			$	—					$	18,824					$	—					$	18,824
Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis:
Assets
Collateral-dependent loans			$	—					$	—					$	5,490					$	5,490
Other real estate owned			—						—						12,306						12,306
Total assets – nonrecurring fair value measurements			$	—					$	—					$	17,796					$	17,796

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			December 31, 2024
			Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
(amounts in thousands)			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)						Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)						Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)						Total
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:
Assets
Available for sale debt securities:
Asset-backed securities			$	—					$	—					$	13,236					$	13,236
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage–backed securities			—						327,038						—						327,038
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations			—						226,746						—						226,746
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations			—						93,075						—						93,075
Collateralized loan obligations			—						255,407						—						255,407
Commercial mortgage-backed securities			—						77,708						—						77,708
Corporate notes			—						516,330						—						516,330
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations			—						475,898						—						475,898
Derivatives			—						15,223						40						15,263
Loans held for sale – fair value option			—						1,836						162,055						163,891
Loans receivable, mortgage finance – fair value option			—						1,321,128						—						1,321,128
Total assets – recurring fair value measurements			$	—					$	3,310,389					$	175,331					$	3,485,720
Liabilities
Derivatives			$	—					$	22,570					$	—					$	22,570
Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis:
Assets
Collateral-dependent loans			$	—					$	—					$	18,048					$	18,048
Total assets – nonrecurring fair value measurements			$	—					$	—					$	18,048					$	18,048

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The changes in asset-backed securities (Level 3 assets) measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are summarized in the tables below:

			Asset-backed securities
(amounts in thousands)			Three Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024
Balance at April 1			$	168,475					$	28,263
Purchases			78,429						—
Principal payments and premium amortization			(17,922)						(6,834)
Increase in allowance for credit losses			(400)						—
Decrease in allowance for credit losses			169						83
Change in fair value recognized in OCI			(53)						350
Balance at June 30			$	228,698					$	21,862

			Asset-backed securities
(amounts in thousands)			Six Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024
Balance at January 1			$	13,236					$	34,949
Purchases			236,256						—
Principal payments and premium amortization			(20,999)						(13,948)
Increase in allowance for credit losses			(466)						—
Decrease in allowance for credit losses			244						116
Change in fair value recognized in OCI			427						745
Balance at June 30			$	228,698					$	21,862

The changes in other installment loans (Level 3 assets) classified as held for sale and held for investment, and measured at fair value on a recurring basis, based on an election made to account for the loans at fair value for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are summarized in the tables below:

			Other Installment Loans
(amounts in thousands)			Three Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024
Balance at April 1			$	138,224					$	219,015
Originations			1,625						245,025
Sales			(357)						(160,015)
Principal payments			(18,087)						(56,583)
Change in fair value recognized in earnings			2,050						—
Balance at June 30			$	123,455					$	247,442

			Other Installment Loans
(amounts in thousands)			Six Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024
Balance at January 1			$	162,055					$	188,062
Originations			195,958						480,456
Sales			(175,921)						(318,230)
Principal payments			(60,687)						(102,846)
Change in fair value recognized in earnings			2,050						—
Balance at June 30			$	123,455					$	247,442

There were no transfers between levels during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

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The following tables summarize financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 on a recurring and nonrecurring basis for which Customers utilized Level 3 inputs to measure fair value. The unobservable Level 3 inputs noted below contain a level of uncertainty that may differ from what is realized in an immediate settlement of the assets. Therefore, Customers may realize a value higher or lower than the current estimated fair value of the assets.

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

(dollars in thousands)

Fair Value Estimate

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range  (Weighted Average)

June 30, 2025

Asset-backed securities

$

228,698

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate Annualized loss rate Constant prepayment rate

9% - 9% (9%) 2% - 10% (4%) 19% - 20% (19%)

Other real estate owned

12,306

Collateral appraisal (1)

Liquidation expenses (2)

6% - 7% (6%)

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

(dollars in thousands)

Fair Value Estimate

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range  (Weighted Average)

December 31, 2024

Asset-backed securities

$

13,236

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate Annualized loss rate Constant prepayment rate

9% - 10% (10%) 5% - 10% (7%) 19% - 20% (19%)

(1)    Obtained from approved independent appraisers. Appraisals are current and in compliance with credit policy. Customers does not generally discount appraisals. Fair value is also estimated based on sale agreements or letters of intent with third parties.

(2)    Appraisals are adjusted by management for liquidation expenses. The range and weighted average of liquidation expense adjustments are presented as a percentage of the appraisal.

NOTE 16 — DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

Risk Management Objectives of Using Derivatives

Customers is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. Customers manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources, and durations of its assets and liabilities. Specifically, Customers enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the values of which are determined by interest rates. Customers’ derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of Customers’ known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to certain borrowings and deposits. Customers also has interest-rate derivatives resulting from an accommodation provided to certain qualifying customers, and therefore, they are not used to manage Customers’ interest-rate risk in assets or liabilities. Customers manages a matched book with respect to its derivative instruments used in this customer service in order to minimize its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions.

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Fair Value Hedges of Benchmark Interest-Rate Risk

Customers is exposed to changes in the fair value of certain of its fixed rate AFS debt securities, deposits and FHLB advances due to changes in the benchmark interest rate. Customers uses interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in fair value on these instruments attributable to changes in the designated benchmark interest rate such as the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate. Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of certain fixed rate AFS debt securities involve the payment of fixed-rate amounts to a counterparty in exchange for Customers receiving variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of certain deposits and FHLB advances involve the payment of variable-rate amounts to a counterparty in exchange for Customers receiving fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in net interest income.

At June 30, 2025, Customers had 46 outstanding interest rate derivatives with notional amounts totaling $2.6 billion that were designated as fair value hedges of certain deposits and FHLB advances. Customers did not enter into any interest rate derivatives during the three months ended June 30, 2025. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, Customers entered into three interest rate derivatives with notional amounts totaling $320.2 million that were designated as fair value hedges of certain deposits. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, Customers entered into 25 interest rate derivatives with notional amounts totaling $1.4 billion that were designated as fair value hedges of certain deposits and FHLB advances. At December 31, 2024, Customers had 46 outstanding interest rate derivatives with notional amounts totaling $2.4 billion that were designated as fair value hedges of certain deposits and FHLB advances.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the following amounts were recorded on the consolidated balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges:

						Amortized Cost												Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment to Hedged Items
(amounts in thousands)						June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024						June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
AFS debt securities						$	—					$	10,000					$	—					$	—
Deposits						1,715,082						1,794,923						21,870						(6,042)
FHLB advances						850,000						1,200,000						5,377						(1,648)

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

Customers executes interest rate swaps (typically the loan customers will swap a floating-rate loan for a fixed-rate loan), caps and collars with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. The customer interest rate swaps, caps and collars are simultaneously offset by interest rate swaps, caps and collars that Customers executes with a third party in order to minimize interest-rate risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate swaps, caps and collars associated with this program do not meet the hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps, caps and collars and the offsetting third-party market swaps, caps and collars are recognized directly in earnings. At June 30, 2025, Customers had 122 interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $1.2 billion and eight interest rate caps and collars with an aggregated notional amount of $310.2 million related to this program. At December 31, 2024, Customers had 128 interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $1.2 billion and two interest rate caps with an aggregate notional amount of $150.0 million related to this program.

Fair Value of Derivative Instruments on the Balance Sheet

The following tables present the fair value of Customers’ derivative financial instruments as well as their presentation on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

June 30, 2025

Derivative Assets

Derivative Liabilities

(amounts in thousands)

Balance Sheet Location

Fair Value

Balance Sheet Location

Fair Value

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:

Interest rate swaps, caps and collars (1)

Other assets

$

13,515

Other liabilities

$

18,664

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December 31, 2024

Derivative Assets

Derivative Liabilities

(amounts in thousands)

Balance Sheet Location

Fair Value

Balance Sheet Location

Fair Value

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:

Interest rate swaps and caps (1)

Other assets

$

15,223

Other liabilities

$

22,567

(1)    Customers’ centrally cleared derivatives are legally settled through variation margin payments and these payments are reflected as a reduction of the related derivative asset or liability, including accrued interest, on the consolidated balance sheet.

Effect of Derivative Instruments on Net Income

The following table presents amounts included in the consolidated statements of income related to derivatives designated as fair value hedges and derivatives not designated as hedges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

									Amount of Income (Loss) Recognized in Earnings
									Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands)			Income Statement Location						2025						2024						2025						2024
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
Recognized on interest rate swaps			Net interest income						$	(2,322)					$	3,563					$	(4,290)					$	11,736
Recognized on hedged AFS debt securities			Net interest income						—						(256)						—						(433)
Recognized on hedged deposits			Net interest income						1,563						(1,686)						2,736						(1,686)
Recognized on hedged FHLB advances			Net interest income						996						(1,621)						1,890						(9,617)
Total									$	237					$	—					$	336					$	—
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps, caps and collars			Other non-interest income						$	892					$	63					$	1,671					$	735

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features

By entering into derivative contracts, Customers is exposed to credit risk. The credit risk associated with derivatives executed with customers is the same as that involved in extending the related loans and is subject to the same standard credit policies. To mitigate the credit-risk exposure to major derivative dealer counterparties, Customers only enters into agreements with those counterparties that maintain credit ratings of high quality or with central clearing parties.

Agreements with major derivative dealer counterparties contain provisions whereby default on any of Customers’ indebtedness would be considered a default on its derivative obligations. Customers also has entered into agreements that contain provisions under which the counterparty could require Customers to settle its obligations if Customers fails to maintain its status as a well/adequately capitalized institution. As of June 30, 2025, the fair value of derivatives in a net asset position related to these agreements was $3.8 million. In addition, Customers, which has collateral posting thresholds with certain of these counterparties, had received $4.6 million of cash as collateral at June 30, 2025. Customers records cash posted or received as collateral with these counterparties, except with a central clearing entity, as a reduction or an increase in the outstanding balance of cash and cash equivalents and an increase in the balance of other assets or other liabilities.

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Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

The following tables present derivative instruments that are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements. Customers’ interest rate swaps and interest rate caps with institutional counterparties are subject to master netting arrangements and are included in the tables below. Interest rate swaps and interest rate caps with commercial banking customers are not subject to master netting arrangements and are excluded from the tables below. Customers has not made a policy election to offset its derivative positions.

			Gross Amounts Recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet																		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet												Net Amount
(amounts in thousands)									Financial Instruments						Cash Collateral Received/Posted
June 30, 2025
Interest rate derivative assets with institutional counterparties			$	8,814																	$	(4,986)					$	(3,828)					$	—
Interest rate derivative liabilities with institutional counterparties			$	4,986																	$	(4,986)					$	—					$	—

			Gross Amounts Recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet																		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet												Net Amount
(amounts in thousands)									Financial Instruments						Cash Collateral Received/Posted
December 31, 2024
Interest rate derivative assets with institutional counterparties			$	14,782																	$	(577)					$	(14,205)					$	—
Interest rate derivative liabilities with institutional counterparties			$	577																	$	(577)					$	—					$	—

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NOTE 17 — LOSS CONTINGENCIES

Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there are any such matters that will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements that are not currently accrued for. However, in light of the uncertainties inherent in these matters, it is possible that the ultimate resolution may have a material adverse effect on Customers’ results of operations for a particular period, and future changes in circumstances or additional information could result in accruals or resolution in excess of established accruals, which could adversely affect Customers’ results of operations, potentially materially.

Chun Yao Chang Matter

On December 2, 2024, a federal securities class action complaint was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, captioned Chang v. Customers Bancorp, Inc. et al., Case No. 2:24-cv-06416-JS, by Chun Yao Chang against Customers Bancorp, Jay Sidhu, its Chief Executive Officer and Executive Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors, and Carla Leibold, its former Chief Financial Officer. The action alleges that Customers Bancorp and the individual defendants made materially false and/or misleading statements and/or omissions during the class period of March 1, 2024 through August 8, 2024, and that such statements violated Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The action also alleges that the individual defendants are liable pursuant to Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act as controlling persons of Customers Bancorp. The suit seeks to recover damages caused by the alleged violations of federal securities laws, along with the plaintiffs’ costs incurred in the lawsuit, including their reasonable attorneys’ and experts’ witness fees and other costs. On January 31, 2025, Chun Yao Chang filed the only application for appointment as lead plaintiff with The Rosen Law Firm, P.A. as counsel. On June 24, 2025, the court denied plaintiff’s motion for appointment as lead counsel, finding that plaintiff had not made the required prima facie showing that he will be an adequate class representative. Customers Bancorp intends to defend itself against this action.

Demand Letter

On or about June 17, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors received a letter demanding it investigate and pursue causes of action, purportedly on behalf of the Company, against certain current and former directors and/or officers of the Company based on alleged deficiencies in the Company’s disclosures concerning anti-money laundering and bank secrecy compliance (the “Demand Letter”). In response to the Demand Letter, on July 23, 2025, the Board approved the formation of a Special Litigation Committee comprised entirely of independent directors to investigate the allegations raised.

NOTE 18 — BUSINESS SEGMENTS

Customers has one reportable segment. Customers derives its revenues from customers by providing loans and deposit products in the United States, and manages the business on a consolidated basis. Customers’ accounting policies of the reportable segment are the same as those described in NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION to the audited consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Form 10-K.

Customers’ CODM is the Executive Committee (the “Executive Committee”) that includes the Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, the Bank’s Chief Financial Officer, Chief Banking Officer, Chief Risk Officer and Chief Credit Officer. The Executive Committee assesses performance of Customers on a consolidated basis, and decides how to allocate resources based on net income that is also reported as net income available to common shareholders on the consolidated statement of income.

The Executive Committee uses net income, which is the measure of segment profit and loss, to evaluate income generated from segment assets (return on assets) and other measures, such as net interest margin, tax equivalent, return on average assets, return on common equity and tangible common equity per common share, in deciding how to reinvest profits, such as originating loans and leases, investing in investment securities, or to redeem shares in Customers’ preferred stock or repurchase shares in Customers’ common stock.

Net income available to common shareholders is used to monitor budget versus actual results. The Executive Committee also uses net income available to common shareholders and other measures in comparing to Customers’ peer banks. The comparison of Customers’ net income available to common shareholders and other measures to its peer banks, along with the comparison of budgeted versus actual results are used in assessing Customers’ performance and in establishing management compensation.

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The following table presents Customers’ reported segment revenues, profit or loss and significant segment expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Segment profit or loss
			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
Total interest income			$	328,001					$	334,038					$	642,910					$	665,815
Total interest expense			151,298						166,385						298,761						337,777
Net interest income			176,703						167,653						344,149						328,038
Provision for credit losses			20,781						18,121						49,078						35,191
Net interest income after provision for credit losses			155,922						149,532						295,071						292,847
Total non-interest income (1)			29,606						31,037						5,116						52,268
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits			45,848						44,947						88,522						80,972
Technology, communication and bank operations			10,382						16,227						21,694						38,131
Commercial lease depreciation			8,743						7,829						17,206						15,799
Professional services			13,850						6,104						25,707						12,457
Loan servicing			4,053						3,516						8,683						7,547
Occupancy (2)			3,551						3,120						6,963						5,467
FDIC assessments, non-income taxes and regulatory fees			11,906						10,236						23,656						23,705
Advertising and promotion			461						1,254						989						1,936
Other (3)			7,832						10,219						15,977						16,607
Total non-interest expense			106,626						103,452						209,397						202,621
Income before income tax expense			78,902						77,117						90,790						142,494
Income tax expense			17,963						19,032						16,939						34,683
Segment net income			60,939						58,085						73,851						107,811
Preferred stock dividends			3,185						3,785						6,574						7,585
Loss on redemption of preferred stock			1,908						—						1,908						—
Segment net income available to common shareholders			$	55,846					$	54,300					$	65,369					$	100,226
Reconciliation of profit or loss
Adjustments and reconciling items			—						—						—						—
Consolidated net income available to common shareholders			$	55,846					$	54,300					$	65,369					$	100,226
Basic earnings per common share			$	1.77					$	1.72					$	2.07					$	3.18
Diluted earnings per common share			1.73						1.66						2.02						3.06

(1)    Includes Customers’ equity in the net income of investees accounted for under the equity method consisting primarily of investments in the SBA’s small business investment companies, and income from investments in affordable housing projects.

(2)    Includes depreciation expense for furniture, fixture and equipment and amortization of leasehold improvements of $0.8 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Depreciation expense for furniture, fixture and equipment and amortization of leasehold improvements were $1.5 million and $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(3)    Other expenses include fees paid to a fintech company related to consumer installment loans originated and held for sale, provision for credit losses on unfunded lending-related commitments, loan workout and non-capitalizable origination costs, provision for operating losses, insurance expenses, charitable contributions and other miscellaneous expenses.

Substantially all revenues generated and long-lived assets held by Customers are derived from customers that reside in the United States. Customers did not earn revenues from a single external customer that represents ten percent or more of consolidated total revenues.

The measure of segment assets is reported as total assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The following table presents Customers’ reported segment assets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Segment assets
(amounts in thousands)			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Total assets			$	22,550,800					$	22,308,241
Adjustments and reconciling items			—						—
Consolidated total assets			$	22,550,800					$	22,308,241

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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report and all attachments hereto, as well as other written or oral communications made from time to time by us, may contain forward-looking information within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include statements with respect to Customers Bancorp, Inc.’s strategies, goals, beliefs, expectations, estimates, intentions, capital raising efforts, financial condition and results of operations, future performance and business. Statements preceded by, followed by, or that include the words “may,” “could,” “should,” “pro forma,” “looking forward,” “would,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” or similar expressions generally indicate a forward-looking statement. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on various important factors (some of which, in whole or in part, are beyond Customers Bancorp, Inc.’s control). Numerous competitive, economic, regulatory, legal and technological events and factors, among others, could cause Customers Bancorp, Inc.’s financial performance to differ materially from the goals, plans, objectives, intentions and expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements, including: a continuation of the recent turmoil in the banking industry, responsive measures taken by us and regulatory authorities to mitigate and manage related risks, regulatory actions taken that address related issues and the costs and obligations associated therewith, such as the FDIC special assessments; the potential for negative consequences resulting from regulatory violations, investigations and examinations, including potential supervisory actions, the assessment of fines and penalties, the imposition of sanctions, the need to undertake remedial actions and possible damage to our reputation; effects of competition on deposit rates and growth, loan rates and growth and net interest margin; failure to identify and adequately and promptly address cybersecurity risks, including data breaches and cyberattacks; public health crises and pandemics and their effects on the economic and business environments in which we operate; geopolitical conditions, including acts or threats of terrorism, actions taken by the United States or other governments in response to acts or threats of terrorism and military conflicts, including the war between Russia and Ukraine and ongoing conflict in the Middle East, which could impact the economic conditions in the United States; the impact that changes in the economy have on the performance of our loan and lease portfolio, the market value of our investment securities, the demand for our products and services and the availability of sources of funding; the effects of actions by the federal government, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and other government agencies, that affect market interest rates and the money supply; actions that we and our customers take in response to these developments and the effects such actions have on our operations, products, services and customer relationships; higher inflation and its impacts; the effects of changes in U.S. trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs and retaliatory tariffs on its trading partners; and the effects of any changes in accounting standards or policies. Customers Bancorp, Inc. cautions that the foregoing factors are not exclusive, and neither such factors nor any such forward-looking statement takes into account the impact of any future events. All forward-looking statements and information set forth herein are based on management’s current beliefs and assumptions as of the date hereof and speak only as of the date they are made. For a more complete discussion of the assumptions, risks and uncertainties related to our business, you are encouraged to review Customers Bancorp, Inc.’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its most recent annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, including any amendments thereto, that update or provide information in addition to the information included in the Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filings, if any. Customers Bancorp, Inc. does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time by Customers Bancorp, Inc. or by or on behalf of Customers Bank, except as may be required under applicable law.

Management’s discussion and analysis represents an overview of the financial condition and results of operations, and highlights the significant changes in the financial condition and results of operations, as presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for Customers Bancorp, Inc. (the “Bancorp” or “Customers Bancorp”), a financial holding company, and its wholly owned subsidiaries, including Customers Bank (the “Bank”), collectively referred to as “Customers” herein. This information is intended to facilitate your understanding and assessment of significant changes and trends related to Customers’ financial condition and results of operations as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. All quarterly information in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis is unaudited. You should read this section in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in Customers’ 2024 Form 10-K.

Overview

Like most financial institutions, Customers derives the majority of its income from interest it receives on its interest-earning assets, such as loans, leases and investments. Customers’ primary source of funds for making these loans, leases and investments are its deposits and borrowings, on which it pays interest. Consequently, one of the key measures of Customers’ success is the amount of its net interest income, or the difference between the interest income on its interest-earning assets and the interest expense on its interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Another key measure is the difference between the interest income generated by interest earning assets and the interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, relative to the amount of average interest earning assets, which is referred to as net interest margin.

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There is credit risk inherent in loans and leases requiring Customers to maintain an ACL to absorb credit losses on existing loans and leases that may become uncollectible. Customers maintains this allowance by charging a provision for credit losses on loan and leases against its operating earnings. Customers has included a detailed discussion of this process in “NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION” to Customers’ audited consolidated financial statements in its 2024 Form 10-K, as well as several tables describing its ACL in “NOTE 7 – LOANS AND LEASES RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS AND LEASES” to Customers’ unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Impact of Macroeconomic and Banking Industry Uncertainties and Military Conflicts

Inflation remains slightly elevated in 2025. The Federal Reserve has maintained the federal funds rate, and stated that they would assess incoming data, the evolving outlook and the balance of risks in further lowering the federal funds rate. Significant uncertainties exist as to the extent and timing of future rate cuts and their effects on the economic conditions.

Significant uncertainties as to future economic conditions continue to exist, including risks of higher inflation and sustained higher interest rate environment, changes in U.S. trade policies including the imposition of tariffs and retaliatory tariffs on its trading partners, elevated liquidity risk to the U.S. banking system and the exposure to the U.S. commercial real estate market, particularly to the regional banks, disruptions to global supply chain and labor markets and higher oil and commodity prices exacerbated by the military conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and in the Middle East. Customers has maintained higher levels of liquidity, reserves for credit losses on loans and leases and off-balance sheet credit exposures and strong capital ratios, and shifted the mix of its loan portfolio towards low credit risk commercial loans with floating or adjustable interest rates during the period of high interest rates. As the interest rates begin to decline, Customers has been reducing the Bank’s asset sensitivity through derivative hedging and investment securities portfolio rebalancing. Customers remains focused on growing its non-interest bearing and lower-cost interest-bearing deposits. Customers’ exposure to the higher risk commercial real estate office sector is minimal, representing approximately 1% of the loan portfolio as of June 30, 2025. The Bank’s debt securities available for sale and held to maturity are available to be pledged as collateral to the FRB and FHLB for additional liquidity. The Bank had approximately $5.1 billion in immediate available liquidity from the FRB and FHLB and cash on hand of $3.5 billion as of June 30, 2025. The Bank’s estimated FDIC insured deposits represented approximately 61% of our deposits (inclusive of accrued interest) as of June 30, 2025. When including collateralized and affiliate deposits as FDIC insured, this number increased to 70% of our deposits as of June 30, 2025. Customers continues to monitor closely the impact of uncertainties affecting the macroeconomic conditions, the U.S. banking system, particularly regional banks, the military conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and in the Middle East, as well as any effects that may result from the federal government’s responses including future rate and regulatory actions; however, the extent to which inflation, interest rates and other macroeconomic and industry factors, the geopolitical conflicts and developments in the U.S. banking system will impact Customers’ operations and financial results during the remainder of 2025 is highly uncertain.

Other Developments

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted on July 4, 2025 and includes a broad range of tax reform provisions affecting businesses, including extending and modifying certain Tax Cuts & Jobs Act provisions and expanding certain Inflation Reduction Act incentives while accelerating the phase-out of others, among other provisions. Customers does not expect the provisions of the OBBBA to have a material impact on Customers’ consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements

For information about the impact that recently adopted or issued accounting guidance will have on us, refer to “NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION” to Customers’ unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Customers has adopted various accounting policies that govern the application of U.S. GAAP and that are consistent with general practices within the banking industry in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements. Customers’ significant accounting policies are described in “NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION” in Customers’ audited consolidated financial statements included in its 2024 Form 10-K. Certain accounting policies involve significant judgments and assumptions by Customers that have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets. Customers considers these accounting policies to be critical accounting policies. The judgments and assumptions used are based on historical experience and other factors, which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Because of the nature of the judgments and assumptions management makes, actual results could differ from these judgments and estimates, which could have a material impact on the carrying values of Customers’ assets.

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The critical accounting policy that is both important to the portrayal of Customers’ financial condition and results of operations and requires complex, subjective judgments is the ACL. This critical accounting policy and material estimate, along with the related disclosures, are reviewed by Customers’ Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Customers’ ACL at June 30, 2025 represents Customers’ current estimate of the lifetime credit losses expected from its loan and lease portfolio and its unfunded lending-related commitments that are not unconditionally cancellable. Management estimates the ACL by projecting a lifetime loss rate conditional on a forecast of economic parameters and other qualitative adjustments, for the loans’ and leases’ expected remaining term.

Customers uses external sources in the creation of its forecasts, including current economic conditions and forecasts for macroeconomic variables over its reasonable and supportable forecast period (e.g., GDP growth rate, unemployment rate, BBB spread, commercial real estate and home price index). After the reasonable and supportable forecast period, which ranges from two to five years, the models revert the forecasted macroeconomic variables to their historical long-term trends, without specific predictions for the economy, over the expected life of the pool, while also incorporating prepayment assumptions into its lifetime loss rates. Internal factors that impact the quarterly allowance estimate include the level of outstanding balances, portfolio performance and assigned risk ratings. Significant loan/borrower attributes utilized in the models include property type, initial loan to value, assigned risk ratings, delinquency status, origination date, maturity date, initial FICO scores, and borrower industry and state.

The ACL may be affected materially by a variety of qualitative factors that Customers considers to reflect its current judgment of various events and risks that are not measured in our statistical procedures, including uncertainty related to the economic forecasts used in the modeled credit loss estimates, nature and volume of the loan and lease portfolio, credit underwriting policy exceptions, peer comparison, industry data, and model and data limitations. The qualitative allowance for economic forecast risk is further informed by multiple alternative scenarios, as deemed applicable, to arrive at a scenario or a composite of scenarios supporting the period-end ACL balance. The evaluation process is inherently imprecise and subjective as it requires significant management judgment based on underlying factors that are susceptible to changes, sometimes materially and rapidly. Customers recognizes that this approach may not be suitable in certain economic environments such that additional analysis may be performed at management’s discretion. Due in part to its subjectivity, the qualitative evaluation may be materially impacted during periods of economic uncertainty and late breaking events that could lead to a revision of reserves to reflect management’s best estimate of expected credit losses.

The ACL is established in accordance with our ACL policy. The ACL Committee, which includes the President, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer, Chief Banking Officer, and Chief Credit Officer, among others, reviews the adequacy of the ACL each quarter, together with Customers’ risk management team. The ACL policy, significant judgments and the related disclosures are reviewed by Customers’ Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

The net increase in our estimated ACL as of June 30, 2025 as compared to December 31, 2024 resulted primarily from slight deterioration in macroeconomic forecasts and higher loan balances held for investment. The provision for credit losses on loans and leases was $18.5 million and $39.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, for an ending ACL balance of $155.1 million ($147.4 million for loans and leases and $7.7 million for unfunded lending-related commitments) as of June 30, 2025.

To determine the ACL as of June 30, 2025, Customers utilized Moody’s June 2025 Baseline forecast to generate its modeled expected losses and considered Moody’s other alternative economic forecast scenarios to qualitatively adjust the modeled ACL by loan portfolio in order to reflect management’s reasonable expectations of current and future economic conditions. The Baseline forecast at June 2025 assumed slight deterioration in macroeconomic forecasts from the first quarter 2025 forecasts of macroeconomic conditions used by Customers; the Federal Reserve Board lowering interest rates in September and December 2025 and gradually reducing the policy rate to its neutral level by late 2026; high tariffs, including those on China, prove brief, but that tariffs remain materially higher than in 2024 through the end of the current administration’s term; failures of several banks in the first half of 2023 are not symptomatic of a serious broader problem in the financial system and policymakers’ aggressive response will ensure that the failures do not weaken the financial system or undermine economic growth; a cessation of the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine looks increasingly likely but the impact on energy, agriculture and other commodity markets will be modest; the war in Israel not spreading to other parts of the Middle East, including Iran and mitigating any disruption to global energy markets and global shipping; the CPI rising 2.8% in 2025 and 3.2% in 2026; and the unemployment rate rising to 4.2% in 2025 and 4.7% in 2026 as the outlook for the job market remains weak from the global trade war. Customers continues to monitor the impact of the U.S. banking system weaknesses, the military conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and in the Middle East, high tariffs, inflation, and monetary and fiscal policy measures on the U.S. economy and, if pace of the expected recovery is worse than expected, further meaningful provisions for credit losses could be required.

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As of December 31, 2024, the ACL ending balance was $141.7 million ($136.8 million for loans and leases and $4.9 million for unfunded lending-related commitments). To determine the ACL as of December 31, 2024, Customers utilized the Moody’s December 2024 Baseline forecast to generate its modeled expected losses and considered Moody’s other alternative economic forecast scenarios to qualitatively adjust the modeled ACL by loan portfolio in order to reflect management’s reasonable expectations of current and future economic conditions. The Baseline forecast at December 31, 2024 assumed slight improvements in macroeconomic forecasts compared to the macroeconomic forecasts used by Customers in 2023; the Federal Reserve Board lowering interest rates twice in 2025 and gradually reducing the policy rate to its neutral level by late 2026, as slower progress in reducing inflation and additional inflationary pressures from the new administration’s fiscal, tariff and immigration plans suggest a slower pace of normalization than previously expected; failures of several regional banks in the first half of 2023 and recent issues around other banks are not symptomatic of a broader problem in the U.S. financial system and policymakers’ aggressive response will ensure that the failures do not weaken the financial system or further undermine economic growth; the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine continuing for the foreseeable future but its impact on energy, agriculture and other commodity markets and the global economy has largely faded; the war in Israel not spreading to other parts of the Middle East and disrupting global energy markets and global shipping; the CPI rising 2.3% in 2025 and 2.8% in 2026; and the unemployment rate rising to 4.1% in 2025 and 2026.

One of the most significant judgments influencing the ACL is the macroeconomic forecasts from Moody’s. Changes in the economic forecasts could significantly affect the estimated credit losses which could potentially lead to materially different allowance levels from one reporting period to the next. Given the dynamic relationship between macroeconomic variables within Customers’ modeling framework, it is difficult to estimate the impact of a change in any one individual variable on the ACL. However, to illustrate a hypothetical sensitivity analysis, management calculated a quantitative allowance using a 100% weighting applied to an adverse scenario. This scenario includes assumptions around the impact of the current administration’s tariffs and deportations on the economy being significantly worse than expected causing inflation to rise and the Federal Reserve Board to raise the fed fund rate; elevated interest rates weakening credit-sensitive spending more than anticipated and business and consumer confidence to decline; military conflict between Russia and Ukraine persisting longer than expected; the conflict in Israel widening; the combination of tariffs, rising inflation, deportations, political tensions, elevated interest rates and reduced credit availability causing the economy to fall into recession in the third quarter of 2025; real GDP declining cumulatively by 2.6% from the second quarter of 2025 through the first quarter of 2026; declines in European economies and retaliatory tariffs hurting U.S. exports; and unemployment beginning to increase significantly in the third quarter of 2025 and peaking in the third quarter of 2026. Under this scenario, as an example, the unemployment rate is estimated at 5.4% and 8.2% in 2025 and 2026, respectively. These numbers represent a 1.2% and 3.5% higher unemployment estimate than the Baseline scenario projection of 4.2% and 4.7% for the same time periods, respectively. To demonstrate the sensitivity to key economic parameters, management calculated the difference between a 100% Baseline weighting and a 100% adverse scenario weighting for modeled results. This would result in an incremental quantitative impact to the ACL of approximately $82 million at June 30, 2025. This resulting difference is not intended to represent an expected increase in ACL levels since (i) Customers may use a weighted approach applied to multiple economic scenarios for its ACL process, (ii) the highly uncertain economic environment, (iii) the difficulty in predicting inter-relationships between macroeconomic variables used in various economic scenarios, and (iv) the sensitivity analysis does not account for any qualitative adjustments incorporated by Customers as part of its overall ACL framework.

There is no certainty that Customers’ ACL will be appropriate over time to cover losses in our portfolio as economic and market conditions may ultimately differ from our reasonable and supportable forecast. Additionally, events adversely affecting specific customers, industries, or Customers’ markets, such as geopolitical instability, risks of rising inflation including a near-term recession, or worsening of the U.S. banking system could severely impact our current expectations. If the credit quality of Customers’ customer base materially deteriorates or the risk profile of a market, industry, or group of customers changes materially, Customers’ net income and capital could be materially adversely affected which, in turn could have a material adverse effect on Customers’ financial condition and results of operations. The extent to which the geopolitical instability, risks of rising inflation and worsening of the U.S. banking system have and will continue to negatively impact Customers’ businesses, financial condition, liquidity and results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be forecasted with precision at this time.

For more information, refer to “NOTE 7 – LOANS AND LEASES RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS AND LEASES” to Customers’ unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth the condensed statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

			Three Months Ended June 30,												QTD												Six Months Ended June 30,												YTD
(dollars in thousands)			2025						2024						Change						% Change						2025						2024						Change						% Change
Net interest income			$	176,703					$	167,653					$	9,050					5.4		%				$	344,149					$	328,038					$	16,111					4.9		%
Provision for credit losses			20,781						18,121						2,660						14.7		%				49,078						35,191						13,887						39.5		%
Total non-interest income			29,606						31,037						(1,431)						(4.6)		%				5,116						52,268						(47,152)						(90.2)		%
Total non-interest expense			106,626						103,452						3,174						3.1		%				209,397						202,621						6,776						3.3		%
Income before income tax expense			78,902						77,117						1,785						2.3		%				90,790						142,494						(51,704)						(36.3)		%
Income tax expense			17,963						19,032						(1,069)						(5.6)		%				16,939						34,683						(17,744)						(51.2)		%
Net income			60,939						58,085						2,854						4.9		%				73,851						107,811						(33,960)						(31.5)		%
Preferred stock dividends			3,185						3,785						(600)						(15.9)		%				6,574						7,585						(1,011)						(13.3)		%
Loss on redemption of preferred stock			1,908						—						1,908						NM						1,908						—						1,908						NM
Net income available to common shareholders			$	55,846					$	54,300					$	1,546					2.8		%				$	65,369					$	100,226					$	(34,857)					(34.8)		%

Customers reported net income available to common shareholders of $55.8 million and $65.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, compared to net income available to common shareholders of $54.3 million and $100.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. Factors contributing to the change in net income available to common shareholders for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 were as follows:

Net interest income

Net interest income increased $9.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to lower interest expense on deposits and an increase in interest income from specialized lending, multifamily and mortgage finance, partially offset by a decrease in interest income from investment securities, consumer installment loans and interest-bearing deposits. Average interest-earning assets increased by $1.2 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in interest-earning assets was primarily driven by an increase in specialized lending, partially offset by a decrease in investment securities. NIM decreased by 2 basis points to 3.27% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from 3.29% for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The NIM decrease was primarily attributable to decreases in market interest rates in specialized lending and interest-earning deposits, partially offset by lower cost of deposits from a favorable shift in deposit mix and lower market interest rates on deposits, which drove a 52 basis point decrease in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. Customers’ total cost of funds, including non-interest bearing deposits was 2.99% and 3.51% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Net interest income increased $16.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to lower interest expense on deposits and an increase in interest income from specialized lending, multifamily and

mortgage finance, partially offset by a decrease in interest income from investment securities, interest-bearing deposits and consumer installment loans. Average interest-earning assets increased by $966.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in interest-earning assets was primarily driven by an increase in specialized lending. NIM remained unchanged at 3.20% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 3.20% for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The NIM for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily attributable to lower cost of deposits from a favorable shift in deposit mix and lower market interest rates on deposits, which drove a 53 basis point decrease in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, partially offset by decreases in market interest rates in specialized lending and interest-earning deposits. Customers’ total cost of funds, including non-interest bearing deposits was 2.98% and 3.53% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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Provision for credit losses

The $2.7 million increase in the provision for credit losses for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 included $0.6 million increase in provision for credit losses on loans and leases for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, which primarily reflects a slight deterioration in macroeconomic forecasts and an increase in loan balances held for investment. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is presented within accrued interest payable and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet and the related provision is presented as part of other non-interest expense on the consolidated statement of income. The ACL on loans and leases held for investment represented 1.07% of total loans and leases receivable at June 30, 2025, compared to 1.08% of total loans and leases receivable at June 30, 2024. Net charge-offs for the three months ended June 30, 2025 were $13.1 million, or 35 basis points of average loans and leases on an annualized basis, compared to net charge-offs of $18.7 million, or 56 basis points on an annualized basis, for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in net charge-offs for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily due to lower charge-offs for consumer installment loans.

The $13.9 million increase in the provision for credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 included $6.1 million increase in provision for credit losses on loans and leases for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, which primarily reflects a slight deterioration in macroeconomic forecasts and an increase in loan balances held for investment. Net charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 were $30.3 million, or 41 basis points of average loans and leases on an annualized basis, compared to net charge-offs of $36.7 million, or 56 basis points on an annualized basis, for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in net charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily due to lower charge-offs for consumer installment loans.

The provision for credit losses for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 also included a provision for credit losses of $2.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively, on certain debt securities available for sale. The provision for credit losses on certain debt securities available for sale was $9.2 million and $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Refer to “NOTE 5 – INVESTMENT SECURITIES” to Customers’ unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Non-interest income

The $1.4 million decrease in non-interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from $11.0 million of unrealized gain on equity method investment with a fair value of $16.0 million purchased at a discount for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and an increase of $1.1 million in net loss on sale of investment securities, partially offset by increases of $5.4 million in other non-interest income, $3.9 million in loan fees, $0.8 million in commercial lease income and $0.2 million in bank-owned life insurance income for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

The $47.2 million decrease in non-interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from $51.3 million of impairment loss on certain AFS debt securities that the Bank decided to sell in order to further improve structural liquidity, enhance credit profile, reduce asset sensitivity and benefit margin during the six months ended June 30, 2025, $11.0 million of unrealized gain on equity method investment with a fair value of $16.0 million purchased at a discount for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and an increase of $1.0 million in net loss on sale of investment securities, partially offset by increases of $6.7 million in other non-interest income, $5.8 million in loan fees, $1.8 million in commercial lease income and $1.6 million in bank-owned life insurance income for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Non-interest expense

The $3.2 million increase in non-interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from increases of $7.7 million in professional services, $1.7 million in FDIC assessments, non-income taxes and regulatory fees, $0.9 million in commercial lease depreciation and $0.9 million in salaries and employee benefits. These increases were offset in part by decreases of $5.8 million in technology, communication and bank operations and $2.4 million in other non-interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

The $6.8 million increase in non-interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from increases of $13.3 million in professional services, $7.6 million in salaries and employee benefits, $1.5 million in occupancy, $1.4 million in commercial lease depreciation and $1.1 million in loan servicing. These increases were offset in part by a decrease of $16.4 million in technology, communication and bank operations for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. Included in the $16.4 million decrease in technology, communication and bank operations for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $7.1 million of deposit servicing fees related to periods prior to 2024 that were recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2024.

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Included in the slight decrease in FDIC assessments, non-income taxes and regulatory fees for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $4.2 million in FDIC premiums related to periods prior to 2024 that were recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Income tax expense

Customers’ effective tax rate was 22.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 24.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in the effective tax rate primarily resulted from an increase in estimated income tax credits for 2025.

Customers’ effective tax rate was 18.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 24.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in the effective tax rate primarily resulted from lower pre-tax income, an increase in estimated income tax credits for 2025 and an increase in discrete tax benefits from share-based compensation for 2025.

Preferred stock dividends and loss on redemption of preferred stock

Preferred stock dividends were $3.2 million and $3.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Preferred stock dividends were $6.6 million and $7.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. On June 16, 2025, Customers redeemed all of the outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock for an aggregate payment of $57.5 million, at a redemption price of $25.00 per share. The redemption price paid in excess of the carrying value of Series E Preferred Stock of $1.9 million is included as a loss on redemption of preferred stock in the consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. After giving effect to the redemption, no shares of the Series E Preferred Stock remained outstanding. There were no changes to the amount of preferred stock outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. Refer to “NOTE 11 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY” to Customers’ unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

NET INTEREST INCOME

Net interest income (the difference between the interest earned on loans and leases, investments and interest-earning deposits with banks, and interest paid on deposits, borrowed funds and subordinated debt) is the primary source of Customers’ earnings. The following table summarizes Customers’ net interest income, related interest spread, net interest margin and the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense for the major categories of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Information is provided for each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities with respect to (i) changes attributable to volume (i.e., changes in average balances multiplied by the prior-period average rate) and (ii) changes attributable to rate (i.e., changes in average rate multiplied by prior-period average balances). For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume which cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.

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			Three Months Ended June 30,																																				Three Months Ended June 30,
			2025																		2024																		2025 vs. 2024
(dollars in thousands)			Average Balance						Interest Income or Expense						Average Yield or Cost (%)						Average Balance						Interest Income or Expense						Average Yield or Cost (%)						Due to rate						Due to volume						Total
Assets
Interest-earning deposits			$	3,565,168					$	39,972					4.50		%				$	3,325,771					$	45,506					5.50		%				$	(8,668)					$	3,134					$	(5,534)
Investment securities (1)			2,890,878						37,381						5.19		%				3,732,565						47,586						5.13		%				558						(10,763)						(10,205)
Loans and leases:
Commercial and industrial:
Specialized lending loans and leases (2)			6,785,684						126,854						7.50		%				5,446,882						120,977						8.93		%				(21,199)						27,076						5,877
Other commercial and industrial loans (2)			1,484,528						25,862						6.99		%				1,540,191						25,119						6.56		%				1,652						(909)						743
Mortgage finance loans			1,501,484						18,349						4.90		%				1,151,407						15,087						5.27		%				(1,114)						4,376						3,262
Multifamily loans			2,317,381						25,281						4.38		%				2,108,835						21,461						4.09		%				1,595						2,225						3,820
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans			1,581,087						23,003						5.84		%				1,396,771						20,470						5.89		%				(174)						2,707						2,533
Residential mortgages			537,008						6,344						4.74		%				520,791						5,955						4.60		%				192						197						389
Installment loans			879,972						22,982						10.48		%				1,186,486						28,867						9.79		%				1,946						(7,831)						(5,885)
Total loans and leases (3)			15,087,144						248,675						6.61		%				13,351,363						237,936						7.17		%				(19,260)						29,999						10,739
Other interest-earning assets			133,824						1,973						5.91		%				110,585						3,010						10.95		%				(1,583)						546						(1,037)
Total interest-earning assets			21,677,014						328,001						6.07		%				20,520,284						334,038						6.54		%				(24,523)						18,486						(6,037)
Non-interest-earning assets			685,975																		464,919
Total assets			$	22,362,989																	$	20,985,203
Liabilities
Interest checking accounts			$	4,935,587					47,245						3.84		%				$	5,719,698					64,047						4.50		%				(8,685)						(8,117)						(16,802)
Money market deposit accounts			4,137,035						40,397						3.92		%				3,346,718						38,167						4.59		%				(6,058)						8,288						2,230
Other savings accounts			1,325,639						12,767						3.86		%				1,810,375						21,183						4.71		%				(3,389)						(5,027)						(8,416)
Certificates of deposit			2,852,645						33,636						4.73		%				2,034,605						25,387						5.02		%				(1,536)						9,785						8,249
Total interest-bearing deposits (4)			13,250,906						134,045						4.06		%				12,911,396						148,784						4.63		%				(18,603)						3,864						(14,739)
Borrowings			1,417,370						17,253						4.88		%				1,454,010						17,601						4.87		%				41						(389)						(348)
Total interest-bearing liabilities			14,668,276						151,298						4.14		%				14,365,406						166,385						4.66		%				(18,609)						3,522						(15,087)
Non-interest-bearing deposits (4)			5,593,581																		4,701,695
Total deposits and borrowings			20,261,857												2.99		%				19,067,101												3.51		%
Other non-interest-bearing liabilities			221,465																		203,714
Total liabilities			20,483,322																		19,270,815
Shareholders’ equity			1,879,667																		1,714,388
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity			$	22,362,989																	$	20,985,203
Net interest income									176,703																		167,653												$	(5,914)					$	14,964					$	9,050
Tax-equivalent adjustment									366																		393
Net interest earnings									$	177,069																	$	168,046
Interest spread															3.07		%																3.03		%
Net interest margin															3.27		%																3.28		%
Net interest margin tax equivalent (5)															3.27		%																3.29		%

(1)For presentation in this table, average balances and the corresponding average yields for investment securities are based upon historical cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts.

(2)Includes owner occupied commercial real estate loans.

(3)Includes non-accrual loans, the effect of which is to reduce the yield earned on loans and leases, and deferred loan fees.

(4)Total costs of deposits (including interest bearing and non-interest-bearing) were 2.85% and 3.40% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(5)Tax-equivalent basis, using an estimated marginal tax rate of 26% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, presented to approximate interest income as a taxable asset.

Net interest income increased $9.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to lower interest expense on deposits and an increase in interest income from specialized lending, multifamily and mortgage finance, partially offset by a decrease in interest income from investment securities, consumer installment loans and interest-bearing deposits. Average interest-earning assets increased by $1.2 billion, primarily related to an increase in specialized lending, partially offset by a decrease in investment securities.

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The NIM decreased by 2 basis points to 3.27% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from 3.29% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 resulting primarily from decreases in market interest rates in specialized lending and interest-earning deposits, partially offset by lower cost of deposits from a favorable shift in deposit mix and lower market interest rates on deposits. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased 52 basis points for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. Customers’ total cost of funds, including non-interest bearing deposits was 2.99% and 3.51% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

			Six Months Ended June 30,																																				Six Months Ended June 30,
			2025																		2024																		2025 vs. 2024
(dollars in thousands)			Average Balance						Interest Income or Expense						Average Yield or Cost (%)						Average Balance						Interest Income or Expense						Average Yield or Cost (%)						Due to rate						Due to volume						Total
Assets
Interest-earning deposits			$	3,710,585					$	82,886					4.50		%				$	3,595,400					$	98,323					5.50		%				$	(18,467)					$	3,030					$	(15,437)
Investment securities (1)			2,995,074						71,720						4.83		%				3,751,831						94,388						5.06		%				(4,169)						(18,499)						(22,668)
Loans and leases:
Commercial and industrial:
Specialized lending loans and leases (2)			6,630,720						247,805						7.54		%				5,357,613						236,567						8.88		%				(39,183)						50,421						11,238
Other commercial and industrial loans (2)			1,513,526						49,795						6.63		%				1,597,428						51,833						6.53		%				766						(2,804)						(2,038)
Mortgage finance loans			1,377,730						33,101						4.85		%				1,092,292						27,917						5.14		%				(1,663)						6,847						5,184
Multifamily loans			2,295,757						48,945						4.30		%				2,115,243						42,716						4.06		%				2,549						3,680						6,229
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans			1,565,815						44,567						5.74		%				1,372,619						40,649						5.96		%				(1,558)						5,476						3,918
Residential mortgages			533,828						12,572						4.75		%				521,659						11,663						4.50		%				640						269						909
Installment loans			908,922						47,659						10.57		%				1,183,104						56,638						9.63		%				5,100						(14,079)						(8,979)
Total loans and leases (3)			14,826,298						484,444						6.59		%				13,239,958						467,983						7.11		%				(36,161)						52,622						16,461
Other interest-earning assets			130,825						3,860						5.95		%				109,055						5,121						9.44		%				(2,142)						881						(1,261)
Total interest-earning assets			21,662,782						642,910						5.98		%				20,696,244						665,815						6.46		%				(52,091)						29,186						(22,905)
Non-interest-earning assets			676,326																		463,972
Total assets			$	22,339,108																	$	21,160,216
Liabilities
Interest checking accounts			$	5,145,729					97,148						3.81		%				$	5,629,272					125,578						4.49		%				(18,141)						(10,289)						(28,430)
Money market deposit accounts			4,010,647						78,164						3.93		%				3,289,911						74,978						4.58		%				(11,618)						14,804						3,186
Other savings accounts			1,239,021						23,458						3.82		%				1,781,746						42,582						4.81		%				(7,711)						(11,413)						(19,124)
Certificates of deposit			2,801,467						66,583						4.79		%				2,392,696						59,371						4.99		%				(2,474)						9,686						7,212
Total interest-bearing deposits (4)			13,196,864						265,353						4.05		%				13,093,625						302,509						4.65		%				(39,504)						2,348						(37,156)
Borrowings			1,382,349						33,408						4.87		%				1,480,359						35,268						4.79		%				563						(2,423)						(1,860)
Total interest-bearing liabilities			14,579,213						298,761						4.13		%				14,573,984						337,777						4.66		%				(39,134)						118						(39,016)
Non-interest-bearing deposits (4)			5,651,789																		4,661,341
Total deposits and borrowings			20,231,002												2.98		%				19,235,325												3.53		%
Other non-interest-bearing liabilities			233,891																		234,195
Total liabilities			20,464,893																		19,469,520
Shareholders’ equity			1,874,215																		1,690,696
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity			$	22,339,108																	$	21,160,216
Net interest income									344,149																		328,038												$	(12,957)					$	29,068					$	16,111
Tax-equivalent adjustment									729																		787
Net interest earnings									$	344,878																	$	328,825
Interest spread															3.00		%																2.93		%
Net interest margin															3.20		%																3.19		%
Net interest margin tax equivalent (5)															3.20		%																3.20		%

(1)For presentation in this table, average balances and the corresponding average yields for investment securities are based upon historical cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts.

(2)Includes owner occupied commercial real estate loans.

(3)Includes non-accrual loans, the effect of which is to reduce the yield earned on loans and leases, and deferred loan fees.

(4)Total costs of deposits (including interest bearing and non-interest-bearing) were 2.84% and 3.43% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(5)Tax-equivalent basis, using an estimated marginal tax rate of 26% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, presented to approximate interest income as a taxable asset.

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Net interest income increased $16.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to lower interest expense on deposits and an increase in interest income from specialized lending, multifamily and mortgage finance, partially offset by a decrease in interest income from investment securities, interest-bearing deposits and consumer installment loans. Average interest-earning assets increased by $966.5 million, primarily related to an increase in specialized lending.

The NIM was 3.20% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 3.20% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 resulting primarily from lower cost of deposits from a favorable shift in deposit mix and lower market interest rates on deposits, partially offset by decreases in market interest rates in specialized lending and interest-earning deposits. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased 53 basis points for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. Customers’ total cost of funds, including non-interest bearing deposits was 2.98% and 3.53% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The provision for credit losses is a charge to earnings to maintain the ACL at a level consistent with management’s assessment of expected lifetime losses in the loan and lease portfolio, lending-related commitments and investment securities at the balance sheet date. Customers recorded a provision for credit losses on loans and leases during the three months ended June 30, 2025, which resulted primarily from slight deterioration in macroeconomic forecasts and an increase in loan balances held for investment. Customers recorded a provision for credit losses of $18.5 million for loans and leases and $1.6 million for lending-related commitments, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2025. Customers recorded a provision for credit losses of $17.9 million for loans and leases and $1.6 million for lending-related commitments, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2024. Net charge-offs for the three months ended June 30, 2025 were $13.1 million, or 35 basis points of average loans and leases on an annualized basis, compared to net charge-offs of $18.7 million, or 56 basis points of average loans and leases on an annualized basis, for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in net charge-offs for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily due to lower charge-offs for consumer installment loans.

Customers recorded a provision for credit losses of $39.9 million for loans and leases and $2.8 million for lending-related commitments, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2025, which resulted primarily from slight deterioration in macroeconomic forecasts and an increase in loan balances held for investment. Customers recorded a provision for credit losses of $33.8 million for loans and leases and $2.0 million for lending-related commitments, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Net charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 were $30.3 million or 41 basis points of average loans and leases on an annualized basis, compared to net charge-offs of $36.7 million, or 56 basis points of average loans and leases on an annualized basis, for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in net charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, was primarily due to lower charge-offs for consumer installment loans.

For more information about the provision and ACL and our loss experience on loans and leases, refer to “Credit Risk” and “Asset Quality” herein.

The provision for credit losses for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 also included a provision for credit losses of $2.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively, on certain debt securities available for sale. The provision for credit losses on certain debt securities available for sale was $9.2 million and $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Refer to “NOTE 5 – INVESTMENT SECURITIES” to Customers’ unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

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NON-INTEREST INCOME

The table below presents the components of non-interest income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

			Three Months Ended June 30,												QTD												Six Months Ended June 30,												YTD
(dollars in thousands)			2025						2024						Change						% Change						2025						2024						Change						% Change
Commercial lease income			$	11,056					$	10,282					$	774					7.5		%				$	21,724					$	19,965					$	1,759					8.8		%
Loan fees			9,106						5,233						3,873						74.0		%				16,341						10,513						5,828						55.4		%
Bank-owned life insurance			2,249						2,007						242						12.1		%				6,909						5,268						1,641						31.2		%
Mortgage finance transactional fees			1,175						1,058						117						11.1		%				2,108						2,004						104						5.2		%
Net gain (loss) on sale of loans and leases			—						(238)						238						(100.0)		%				2						(228)						230						(100.9)		%
Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities			(1,797)						(719)						(1,078)						149.9		%				(1,797)						(749)						(1,048)						139.9		%
Impairment loss on debt securities			—						—						—						—		%				(51,319)						—						(51,319)						NM
Unrealized gain on equity method investments			—						11,041						(11,041)						(100.0)		%				—						11,041						(11,041)						(100.0)		%
Other			7,817						2,373						5,444						229.4		%				11,148						4,454						6,694						150.3		%
Total non-interest income			$	29,606					$	31,037					$	(1,431)					(4.6)		%				$	5,116					$	52,268					$	(47,152)					(90.2)		%

Commercial lease income

Commercial lease income represents income earned on commercial operating leases originated by Customers’ commercial equipment financing group in which Customers is the lessor. The $0.8 million increase in commercial lease income for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from the growth of Customers’ equipment finance business.

The $1.8 million increase in commercial lease income for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from the growth of Customers’ equipment finance business.

Loan fees

The $3.9 million increase in loan fees for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from increases in fees earned on unused lines of credit and servicing fees on consumer installment loans.

The $5.8 million increase in loan fees for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from increases in fees earned on unused lines of credit and servicing fees on consumer installment loans.

Bank-owned life insurance

Bank-owned life insurance income represents income earned on life insurance policies owned by Customers including an increase in cash surrender value of the policies and any benefits paid by insurance carriers under the policies. The $0.2 million increase in bank-owned life insurance income for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from increases in death benefits received from insurance carriers and cash surrender value of the policies.

The $1.6 million increase in bank-owned life insurance income for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from increases in death benefits received from insurance carriers and cash surrender value of the policies.

Net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities

The $1.1 million increase in net loss on sale of investment securities for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 reflects net losses realized from the sales of $452.2 million in AFS debt securities for the three months ended June 30, 2025, mostly those securities that the Bank decided to sell during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the sales of $218.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024. There can be no assurance that Customers will realize gains from sales of investment securities in 2025, given the significant uncertainty in the capital markets and fluctuations in our funding needs, which may impact Customers’ investment strategy.

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The $1.0 million increase in net loss on sale of investment securities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 reflects net losses realized from the sales of $452.2 million in AFS debt securities for the six months ended June 30, 2025, mostly those securities that the Bank decided to sell during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the sales of $240.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024. There can be no assurance that Customers will realize gains from sales of investment securities in 2025, given the significant uncertainty in the capital markets and fluctuations in our funding needs, which may impact Customers’ investment strategy.

Impairment loss on debt securities

The $51.3 million increase in impairment loss on debt securities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from impairment loss recorded on certain AFS debt securities that the Bank decided to sell in order to further improve structural liquidity, reduce asset sensitivity and benefit margin during the six months ended June 30, 2025.

Unrealized gain on equity method investments

The $11.0 million decrease in unrealized gain on the equity method investments for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 reflects unrealized gain from the equity method investment with a fair value of $16.0 million purchased at a discount during the three months ended June 30, 2024.

The $11.0 million decrease in unrealized gain on the equity method investments for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 reflects unrealized gain from the equity method investment with a fair value of $16.0 million purchased at a discount during the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Other non-interest income

The $5.4 million increase in other non-interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from $1.8 million of fees associated with the sunsetting of a loan origination program with a fintech company, which was recently acquired by a bank, and an increase of $1.7 million in deposit account fees.

The $6.7 million increase in other non-interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from $1.8 million of fees associated with the sunsetting of a loan origination program with a fintech company, which was recently acquired by a bank, and an increase of $3.8 million in deposit account fees.

NON-INTEREST EXPENSE

The table below presents the components of non-interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

			Three Months Ended June 30,												QTD												Six Months Ended June 30,												YTD
(dollars in thousands)			2025						2024						Change						% Change						2025						2024						Change						% Change
Salaries and employee benefits			$	45,848					$	44,947					$	901					2.0		%				$	88,522					$	80,972					$	7,550					9.3		%
Technology, communication and bank operations			10,382						16,227						(5,845)						(36.0)		%				21,694						38,131						(16,437)						(43.1)		%
Commercial lease depreciation			8,743						7,829						914						11.7		%				17,206						15,799						1,407						8.9		%
Professional services			13,850						6,104						7,746						126.9		%				25,707						12,457						13,250						106.4		%
Loan servicing			4,053						3,516						537						15.3		%				8,683						7,547						1,136						15.1		%
Occupancy			3,551						3,120						431						13.8		%				6,963						5,467						1,496						27.4		%
FDIC assessments, non-income taxes and regulatory fees			11,906						10,236						1,670						16.3		%				23,656						23,705						(49)						(0.2)		%
Advertising and promotion			461						1,254						(793)						(63.2)		%				989						1,936						(947)						(48.9)		%
Other			7,832						10,219						(2,387)						(23.4)		%				15,977						16,607						(630)						(3.8)		%
Total non-interest expense			$	106,626					$	103,452					$	3,174					3.1		%				$	209,397					$	202,621					$	6,776					3.3		%

Salaries and employee benefits

The $0.9 million increase in salaries and employee benefits for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from an increase in average full-time equivalent team members and annual merit increases.

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The $7.6 million increase in salaries and employee benefits for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from an increase in average full-time equivalent team members and annual merit increases.

Technology, communication and bank operations

The $5.8 million decrease in technology, communication and bank operations expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from decreases in deposit servicing-related expenses resulting from lower servicing fees and $1.3 million in fees for software as a service.

The $16.4 million decrease in technology, communication and bank operations expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from decreases in deposit servicing-related expenses resulting from lower servicing fees and $3.2 million in fees for software as a service.

Customers incurred expenses of $0.1 million and $3.4 million to BM Technologies under the deposit servicing agreement included within the technology, communication and bank operations expense during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Customers incurred expenses of $2.2 million and $14.1 million to BM Technologies under the deposit servicing agreement included within the technology, communication and bank operations expense during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The deposit servicing fees of $14.1 million incurred to BM Technologies for the six months ended June 30, 2024 included $7.1 million for periods prior to 2024. Customers’ deposits serviced by BM Technologies under a white label relationship decreased by approximately $187.0 million, including $166.7 million of deposits transferred to a new sponsor bank during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

Commercial lease depreciation

The $0.9 million increase in commercial lease depreciation for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from the growth of the operating lease arrangements originated by Customers’ commercial equipment financing group in which Customers is the lessor.

The $1.4 million increase in commercial lease depreciation for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from the growth of the operating lease arrangements originated by Customers’ commercial equipment financing group in which Customers is the lessor.

Professional services

The $7.7 million increase in professional services for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from increases in consulting fees including to enhance the Bank’s risk management infrastructure.

The $13.3 million increase in professional services for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from increases in consulting fees including to enhance the Bank’s risk management infrastructure.

Loan servicing

The $0.5 million increase in loan servicing for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from the growth in consumer loan portfolios serviced by third parties.

The $1.1 million increase in loan servicing for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from the growth in consumer loan portfolios serviced by third parties.

Occupancy

The $0.4 million increase in occupancy for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from higher lease expense and depreciation and amortization associated with the Bank’s expansion.

The $1.5 million increase in occupancy for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from higher lease expense and depreciation and amortization associated with the Bank’s expansion.

FDIC assessments, non-income taxes and regulatory fees

The $1.7 million increase in FDIC assessments, non-income taxes and regulatory fees for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from an increase in FDIC assessments.

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The $49 thousand decrease in FDIC assessments, non-income taxes and regulatory fees for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from a decrease in FDIC assessments. The FDIC assessments for the six months ended June 30, 2024 included $4.2 million for periods prior to 2024.

Other non-interest expense

The $2.4 million decrease in other non-interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from a decrease in fees paid to a fintech company related to a consumer installment loan origination program.

The $0.6 million decrease in other non-interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from a decrease in fees paid to a fintech company related to a consumer installment loan origination program, partially offset by an increase in provision for credit losses on unfunded lending-related commitments.

INCOME TAXES

The table below presents income tax expense and the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

			Three Months Ended June 30,												QTD												Six Months Ended June 30,												YTD
(dollars in thousands)			2025						2024						Change						% Change						2025						2024						Change						% Change
Income before income tax expense			$	78,902					$	77,117					$	1,785					2.3		%				$	90,790					$	142,494					$	(51,704)					(36.3)		%
Income tax expense			17,963						19,032						(1,069)						(5.6)		%				16,939						34,683						(17,744)						(51.2)		%
Effective tax rate			22.8		%				24.7		%																18.7		%				24.3		%

The $1.1 million decrease in income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025, when compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily resulted from an increase in estimated income tax credits for the year ending December 31, 2025, partially offset by an increase in pre-tax income. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2025, when compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily resulted from an increase in estimated income tax credits for the year ending December 31, 2025.

The $17.7 million decrease in income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025, when compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily resulted from lower pre-tax income, an increase in estimated income tax credits for the year ending December 31, 2025, and an increase in discrete tax benefits from share-based compensation for 2025. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2025, when compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily resulted from lower pre-tax income, an increase in estimated income tax credits for the year ending December 31, 2025 and an increase in discrete tax benefits from share-based compensation for 2025.

PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS AND LOSS ON REDEMPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK

Preferred stock dividends were $3.2 million and $3.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Preferred stock dividends were $6.6 million and $7.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. On June 16, 2025, Customers redeemed all of the outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock for an aggregate payment of $57.5 million, at a redemption price of $25.00 per share. The redemption price paid in excess of the carrying value of Series E Preferred Stock of $1.9 million is included as a loss on redemption of preferred stock in the consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. After giving effect to the redemption, no shares of the Series E Preferred Stock remained outstanding. There were no changes to the amount of preferred stock outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. Refer to “NOTE 11 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY” to Customers’ unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Financial Condition

General

Customers’ total assets were $22.6 billion at June 30, 2025. This represented an increase of $242.6 million from total assets of $22.3 billion at December 31, 2024. The increase in total assets was primarily driven by increases of $592.2 million in loans and leases receivable, $215.1 million in loans receivable, mortgage finance, at fair value and $123.4 million in loans receivable, installment, at fair value, partially offset by decreases of $282.4 million in cash and cash equivalents, $171.8 million in loans held for sale, $142.3 million in investment securities, at fair value and $138.8 million in investment securities held to maturity.

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Total liabilities were $20.7 billion at June 30, 2025. This represented an increase of $215.7 million from $20.5 billion at December 31, 2024. The increase in total liabilities primarily resulted from an increase of $129.6 million in total deposits and $67.0 million in FHLB advances.

The following table sets forth certain key condensed balance sheet data as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

(dollars in thousands)			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024						Change						% Change
Cash and cash equivalents			$	3,503,511					$	3,785,931					$	(282,420)					(7.5)		%
Investment securities, at fair value			1,877,406						2,019,694						(142,288)						(7.0)		%
Investment securities held to maturity			853,126						991,937						(138,811)						(14.0)		%
Loans held for sale			32,963						204,794						(171,831)						(83.9)		%
Loans and leases receivable			13,719,829						13,127,634						592,195						4.5		%
Loans receivable, mortgage finance, at fair value			1,536,254						1,321,128						215,126						16.3		%
Loans receivable, installment, at fair value			123,354						—						123,354						NM
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases			(147,418)						(136,775)						(10,643)						7.8		%
Bank-owned life insurance			300,747						297,641						3,106						1.0		%
Other assets			527,044						481,395						45,649						9.5		%
Total assets			22,550,800						22,308,241						242,559						1.1		%
Total deposits			18,976,018						18,846,461						129,557						0.7		%
FHLB advances			1,195,377						1,128,352						67,025						5.9		%
Other borrowings			99,138						99,068						70						0.1		%
Subordinated debt			182,649						182,509						140						0.1		%
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities			234,060						215,168						18,892						8.8		%
Total liabilities			20,687,242						20,471,558						215,684						1.1		%
Total shareholders’ equity			1,863,558						1,836,683						26,875						1.5		%
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity			$	22,550,800					$	22,308,241					$	242,559					1.1		%

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash and due from banks and interest-earning deposits. Cash and due from banks consists mainly of vault cash and cash items in the process of collection. Cash and due from banks were $73.0 million and $56.8 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Cash and cash due from banks balances vary from day to day, primarily due to variations in customers’ deposit activities with the Bank.

Interest-earning deposits consist of cash deposited at other banks, primarily the FRB. Interest-earning deposits were $3.4 billion and $3.7 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The balance of interest-earning deposits varies from day to day, depending on several factors, such as fluctuations in customers’ deposits with Customers, payment of checks drawn on customers’ accounts and strategic investment decisions made to optimize Customers’ net interest income, while effectively managing interest-rate risk and liquidity. The decrease in interest-earning deposits since December 31, 2024 primarily resulted from deploying excess cash into loans.

Investment securities at fair value

The investment securities portfolio is an important source of interest income and liquidity. It consists primarily of mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations guaranteed by agencies of the United States government, asset-backed securities, collateralized loan obligations, private label collateralized mortgage obligations, corporate notes and certain equity securities. In addition to generating revenue, the investment portfolio is maintained to manage interest-rate risk, provide liquidity, serve as collateral for other borrowings, and diversify the credit risk of interest-earning assets. The portfolio is structured to optimize net interest income given the changes in the economic environment, liquidity position and balance sheet mix.

At June 30, 2025, investment securities at fair value totaled $1.9 billion compared to $2.0 billion at December 31, 2024. The decrease primarily resulted from sales of $452.2 million, maturities, calls and principal repayments totaling $167.5 million and a decrease in the fair value of AFS debt securities, or an increase in unrealized losses of $21.3 million primarily due to changes in market interest rates and credit spreads, partially offset by purchases of $506.8 million of investment securities for the six months ended June 30, 2025.

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For financial reporting purposes, AFS debt securities are reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on AFS debt securities that the Bank does not intend to sell, other than credit losses, are included in other comprehensive income (loss) and reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity, net of the related tax effect. Changes in the fair value of equity securities with a readily determinable fair value and securities reported at fair value based on a fair value option election are recorded in non-interest income in the period in which they occur. Customers recorded a provision for credit losses of $2.3 million and $9.2 million on certain debt securities available for sale for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. Refer to “NOTE 5 – INVESTMENT SECURITIES” and “NOTE 15 – DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS” to Customers’ unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

The following table sets forth information about the maturities and weighted-average yield of the AFS debt securities portfolio. The weighted-average yield is computed based on a constant effective interest rate over the contractual life of each security adjusted for prepayment estimates, and considers the contractual coupon, amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Yields exclude the impact of related hedging derivatives.

			June 30, 2025
			Within one year						After one but within five years						After five but within ten years						After ten years						No specific maturity						Total
Asset-backed securities			—		%				—		%				—		%				—		%				7.93		%				7.93		%
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities			—						—						—						—						5.66						5.66
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations			—						—						—						—						4.39						4.39
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations			—						—						—						—						4.88						4.88
Collateralized loan obligations			—						—						—						—						6.58						6.58
Corporate notes			8.25						7.28						4.69						8.13						—						7.02
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations			—						—						—						—						4.81						4.81
Weighted-average yield			8.25		%				7.28		%				4.69		%				8.13		%				4.32		%				5.78		%

The agency-guaranteed mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations in the AFS portfolio were issued by Ginnie Mae and Freddie Mac, and contain guarantees for the collection of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.

Investment securities held to maturity

At June 30, 2025, investment securities held to maturity totaled $853.1 million compared to $991.9 million at December 31, 2024. The decrease primarily resulted from the maturities, calls and principal repayments totaling $155.6 million, partially offset by purchases of $14.0 million of investment securities for the six months ended June 30, 2025.

The following table sets forth information about the maturities and weighted-average yield of the investment securities held to maturity. The weighted-average yield is computed based on a constant effective interest rate over the contractual life of each security adjusted for prepayment estimates, and considers the contractual coupon, amortization of premiums, accretion of discounts and amortization of unrealized losses upon transfer from investment securities available for sale to held to maturity, along with the unrealized loss in accumulated other comprehensive income.

			June 30, 2025
			Within one year						After one but within five years						After five but within ten years												No specific maturity						Total
Asset-backed securities			—		%				—		%				—		%										5.43		%				5.43		%
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities			—						—						—												1.79						1.79
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities			—						—						—												1.77						1.77
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations			—						—						—												1.87						1.87
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations			—						—						—												2.44						2.44
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations			—						—						—												4.04						4.04
Weighted-average yield			—		%				—		%				—		%										3.79		%				3.79		%

The agency-guaranteed mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations in the HTM portfolio were issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae, and contain guarantees for the collection of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.

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Investment securities classified as HTM are those debt securities that Customers has both the intent and ability to hold to maturity regardless of changes in market conditions, liquidity needs, or changes in general economic conditions. For financial reporting purposes, these securities are reported at cost, adjusted for the amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, computed by a method which approximates the interest method over the terms of the securities. Refer to “NOTE 5 – INVESTMENT SECURITIES” and “NOTE 15 – DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS” to Customers’ unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

LOANS AND LEASES

Existing lending relationships are primarily with small and middle market businesses and individual consumers primarily in Berks County and Southeastern Pennsylvania (Bucks, Chester and Philadelphia Counties); New York (Westchester and Suffolk Counties, and Manhattan); Hamilton, New Jersey; Boston, Massachusetts; Providence, Rhode Island; Portsmouth, New Hampshire; California (Southern California and the Bay Area); Nevada (Las Vegas and Reno); and nationally for certain loan and deposit products. The portfolio of specialized lending loans and leases and mortgage finance loans is nationwide. The loan portfolio consists primarily of loans to support mortgage companies’ funding needs, multifamily, commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. Customers continues to focus on small and middle market business loans to grow its commercial lending efforts, particularly its commercial and industrial loan and lease portfolio and its specialized lending business. Customers also focuses its lending efforts on local-market mortgage and home equity lending and the origination and purchase of unsecured consumer loans (installment loans), including personal, student loan refinancing, home improvement and medical loans through arrangements with fintech companies and other market place lenders nationwide.

Commercial Lending

Customers’ commercial lending is broadly divided into the following groups: small and middle market business banking, specialized banking, multifamily and commercial real estate lending, mortgage finance, and SBA lending. This diversity is designed to allow for greater resource deployment, higher standards of risk management, strong asset quality, lower interest-rate risk and higher productivity levels.

As of June 30, 2025, Customers had $14.0 billion in commercial loans outstanding, totaling approximately 91.0% of its total loan and lease portfolio, which includes loans held for sale, loans receivable, mortgage finance, at fair value, and loans receivable, installment, at fair value, compared to commercial loans outstanding of $13.2 billion, comprising approximately 90.1% of its total loan and lease portfolio at December 31, 2024.

The commercial lending group focuses primarily on companies with annual revenues ranging from $1 million to $100 million, which typically have credit requirements between $0.5 million and $10 million. The small and middle market business banking platform originates loans, including SBA loans, through the branch network sales force and a team of dedicated relationship managers. The support administration of this platform is centralized, including technology, risk management, product management, marketing, performance tracking and overall strategy. Credit and sales training has been established for Customers’ sales force, ensuring that it has small business experts in place providing appropriate financial solutions to the small business owners in its communities.

Customers’ specialized banking includes commercial equipment finance, healthcare lending, real estate specialty finance, fund finance, technology and venture capital banking and financial institutions group. Customers’ lender finance vertical within fund finance provides variable rate loans secured by diverse collateral pools to private debt funds. Customers’ capital call lines vertical within fund finance provides variable rate loans secured by collateral pools and limited partnership commitments from institutional investors in private equity funds and cash management services to the alternative investment industry. Customers’ technology and venture capital banking group services the venture-backed growth industry from seed-stage through late-stage.

Customers’ mortgage finance primarily provides financing to mortgage bankers for residential mortgage originations from loan closing until sale in the secondary market. The underlying residential loans are taken as collateral for Customers’ commercial loans to the mortgage companies. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, mortgage finance loans totaled $1.5 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively, and are reported as loans receivable, mortgage finance, at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet.

Customers’ commercial equipment financing group goes to market through the following origination platforms: vendors, intermediaries, direct and capital markets. The commercial equipment financing group is primarily focused on serving the following industries: transportation, construction (includes crane and utility), marine, franchise, general manufacturing (includes machine tool), helicopter/fixed wing, solar, packaging, plastics and food processing. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Customers had $745.7 million and $675.4 million, respectively, of equipment finance loans outstanding. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Customers had $264.3 million and $262.7 million, respectively, of equipment finance leases outstanding. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Customers had $234.1 million and $214.9 million, respectively, of operating leases entered into under this program, net of accumulated depreciation of $98.2 million and $95.1 million, respectively.

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Customers’ multifamily lending group is focused on retaining a portfolio of high-quality multifamily loans within Customers’ covered markets. These lending activities use conservative underwriting standards and primarily target the refinancing of loans with other banks or provide purchase money for new acquisitions by borrowers. The primary collateral for these loans is a first lien mortgage on the multifamily property, plus an assignment of all leases related to such property. Customers had multifamily loans of $2.2 billion outstanding, comprising approximately 14.6% of the total loan and lease portfolio at June 30, 2025, compared to $2.3 billion, or approximately 15.4% of the total loan and lease portfolio at December 31, 2024.

Consumer Lending

Customers provides unsecured consumer installment loans, residential mortgage and home equity loans to customers nationwide primarily through relationships with fintech companies. The installment loan portfolio consists largely of originated and purchased personal, student loan refinancing, home improvement and medical loans. None of the loans held for investment are considered sub-prime at the time of origination. Customers considers sub-prime borrowers to be those with FICO scores below 660. Customers has been selective in the consumer loans it has been purchasing. Home equity lending is offered to solidify customer relationships and grow relationship revenues in the long term. This lending is important in Customers’ efforts to grow total relationship revenues for its consumer households. As of June 30, 2025, Customers had $1.4 billion in consumer loans outstanding (including consumer loans held for investment and held for sale), or 9.0% of the total loan and lease portfolio, compared to $1.4 billion, or 9.9% of the total loan and lease portfolio, as of December 31, 2024.

Purchases and sales of loans held for investment were as follows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands)			2025						2024						2025						2024
Purchases (1)
Other commercial and industrial			$	52,776					$	—					$	53,855					$	7,403
Construction			10,080						—						10,080						—
Personal installment (2)			40,700						43,241						145,641						43,241
Total			$	103,556					$	43,241					$	209,576					$	50,644
Sales (3)
Other commercial and industrial			$	—					$	23,708					$	—					$	23,708
Multifamily			—						—						8,000						—
Personal installment			—						—						281						—
Total			$	—					$	23,708					$	8,281					$	23,708

(1)Amounts reported in the above table are the unpaid principal balance at time of purchase. The purchase price was 74.4% and 99.5% of the loans’ unpaid principal balance for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The purchase price was 87.1% and 99.6% of the loans’ unpaid principal balance for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(2)Installment loan purchases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 consist of third-party originated unsecured consumer loans. None of the loans held for investment are considered sub-prime at the time of origination. Customers considers sub-prime borrowers to be those with FICO scores below 660.

(3)The gain on sales of loans held for investment was insignificant for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, sales of loans held for investment resulted in net losses of $0.2 million included in net gain (loss) on sale of loans and leases in the consolidated statements of income.

Loans Held for Sale

The composition of loans held for sale as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was as follows:

(amounts in thousands)			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Residential mortgage loans, at fair value			$	5,180					$	1,836
Personal installment loans, at lower of cost or fair value			27,682						40,903
Other installment loans, at fair value			101						162,055
Total loans held for sale			$	32,963					$	204,794

Loans held for sale are reported on the consolidated balance sheet at either fair value (due to the election of the fair value option) or at the lower of cost or fair value. An ACL is not recorded on loans that are classified as held for sale.

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Refer to NOTE 7 — LOANS AND LEASES RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS AND LEASES to Customers’ unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information on the transfer of other consumer installment loans, at fair value, from loans held for sale to held for investment during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Total Loans and Leases Receivable

The composition of total loans and leases receivable (excluding loans held for sale) was as follows:

(amounts in thousands)			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Loans and leases receivable:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial:
Specialized lending (1)			$	6,454,661					$	5,842,420
Other commercial and industrial			1,127,194						1,182,350
Multifamily			2,247,282						2,252,246
Commercial real estate owner occupied			1,065,006						1,100,944
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied			1,497,385						1,359,130
Construction			98,626						147,209
Total commercial loans and leases receivable			12,490,154						11,884,299
Consumer:
Residential real estate			520,570						496,559
Manufactured housing			30,287						33,123
Installment:
Personal			457,728						463,854
Other			221,090						249,799
Total consumer loans receivable			1,229,675						1,243,335
Loans and leases receivable			13,719,829						13,127,634
Loans receivable, mortgage finance, at fair value			1,536,254						1,321,128
Loans receivable, installment, at fair value			123,354						—
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases			(147,418)						(136,775)
Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases (2)			$	15,232,019					$	14,311,987

(1)Includes direct finance and sales-type equipment leases of $264.3 million and $262.7 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(2)Includes deferred (fees) costs and unamortized (discounts) premiums, net of $(47.2) million and $(20.8) million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Loans receivable, mortgage finance, at fair value

The mortgage finance product line primarily provides financing to mortgage companies nationwide from the time of origination of the underlying mortgage loans until the mortgage loans are sold into the secondary market. As a mortgage finance lender, Customers provides a form of financing to mortgage bankers by purchasing for resale the underlying residential mortgages on a short-term basis under a master repurchase agreement. These loans are reported as loans receivable, mortgage finance, at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. Because these loans are reported at their fair value, they do not have an ACL and are therefore excluded from ACL-related disclosures. At June 30, 2025, all of Customers’ mortgage finance loans were current in terms of payment.

Customers is subject to the risks associated with such lending, including, but not limited to, the risks of fraud, bankruptcy and default of the mortgage banker or of the underlying residential borrower, any of which could result in credit losses. Customers’ mortgage finance lending team members monitor these mortgage originators by obtaining financial and other relevant information to reduce these risks during the lending period. Loans receivable, mortgage finance, at fair value totaled $1.5 billion and $1.3 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

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Loans receivable, installment, at fair value

Customers has a lending arrangement with a fintech company, which recently was acquired by a bank, whereby Customers has been originating consumer installment loans and holding these loans prior to sale. These consumer installment loans were designated as loans held for sale and reported at fair value based on an election made to account for the loans at fair value. The lending arrangement with this fintech company expired in the second quarter of 2025. Customers transferred these consumer installment loans from held for sale to held for investment during the three months ended March 31, 2025, and continue to be reported at fair value based on an election made to account for the loans at fair value. Because these loans are reported at their fair value, they do not have an ACL and are therefore excluded from ACL-related disclosures. At June 30, 2025, Customers had $2.0 million of consumer installment loans, at fair value, on nonaccrual status.

Credit Risk

Customers manages credit risk by maintaining diversification in its loan and lease portfolio, establishing and enforcing prudent underwriting standards and collection efforts, and continuous and periodic loan and lease classification reviews. Management also considers the effect of credit risk on financial performance by reviewing quarterly and maintaining an adequate ACL. Credit losses are charged-off when they are identified, and provisions are added for current expected credit losses, to the ACL at least quarterly. The ACL is estimated at least quarterly.

The provision for credit losses on loans and leases was $18.5 million and $39.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. The provision for credit losses on loans and leases was $17.9 million and $33.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. The ACL maintained for loans and leases receivable (excluding loans held for sale, loans receivable, mortgage finance, at fair value, and loans receivable, installment, at fair value) was $147.4 million, or 1.07% of loans and leases receivable at June 30, 2025, and $136.8 million or 1.04% of loans and leases receivable at December 31, 2024.

The increase in the ACL resulted primarily from slight deterioration in macroeconomic forecasts and an increase in loan balances held for investment. Net charge-offs were $13.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, a decrease of $5.6 million compared to the same period in 2024. Net charge-offs were $30.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, a decrease of $6.4 million compared to the same period in 2024. The decrease in net charge-offs was primarily due to lower charge-offs for consumer installment loans. Refer to the tables of changes in Customers’ ACL for annualized net-charge offs to average loans by loan type for the periods indicated.

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The tables below present changes in Customers’ ACL for the periods indicated:

(amounts in thousands)			Commercial and industrial (1)						Multifamily						Commercial real estate owner occupied						Commercial real estate non-owner occupied						Construction						Residential real estate						Manufactured housing						Installment												Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Ending Balance, March 31, 2025			$	30,584					$	18,790					$	10,780					$	18,058					$	1,264					$	6,163					$	3,800					$	51,637											$	141,076
Allowance for credit losses on PCD loans, net of charge-offs and recoveries (2)			1,000						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												1,000
Charge-offs (3)			(5,996)						—						(417)						—						—						—						—						(10,750)												(17,163)
Recoveries (3)			2,125						—						6						—						3						4						—						1,910												4,048
Provision (benefit) for credit losses on loans and leases			8,549						2,074						2,145						2,621						893						164						(79)						2,090												18,457
Ending Balance, June 30, 2025			$	36,262					$	20,864					$	12,514					$	20,679					$	2,160					$	6,331					$	3,721					$	44,887											$	147,418
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Ending Balance, December 31, 2024			$	29,379					$	18,511					$	10,755					$	17,405					$	1,250					$	5,968					$	3,829					$	49,678											$	136,775
Allowance for credit losses on PCD loans, net of charge-offs (2)			1,000						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												1,000
Charge-offs (3)			(10,503)						(3,834)						(436)						—						—						—						—						(23,153)												(37,926)
Recoveries (3)			3,401						—						9						—						6						4						—						4,247												7,667
Provision (benefit) for credit losses on loans and leases			12,985						6,187						2,186						3,274						904						359						(108)						14,115												39,902
Ending Balance, June 30, 2025			$	36,262					$	20,864					$	12,514					$	20,679					$	2,160					$	6,331					$	3,721					$	44,887											$	147,418
Annualized Net Charge-offs to Average Loans and Leases
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025			(0.22)		%				—		%				(0.15)		%				—		%				0.01		%				0.00		%				—		%				(4.92)		%										(0.39)		%
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025			(0.20)		%				(0.34)		%				(0.08)		%				—		%				0.01		%				0.00		%				—		%				(5.15)		%										(0.46)		%

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(amounts in thousands)			Commercial and industrial (1)						Multifamily						Commercial real estate owner occupied						Commercial real estate non-owner occupied						Construction						Residential real estate						Manufactured housing						Installment												Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Ending Balance, March 31, 2024			$	23,003					$	18,307					$	10,201					$	18,320					$	1,866					$	6,707					$	4,160					$	50,732											$	133,296
Charge-offs (3)			(7,348)						(1,433)						—						—						—						—						—						(13,943)												(22,724)
Recoveries (3)			1,683						—						—						—						7						20						—						2,303												4,013
Provision (benefit) for credit losses on loans and leases			6,383						3,778						(1,770)						(354)						(17)						(843)						(66)						10,740												17,851
Ending Balance, June 30, 2024			$	23,721					$	20,652					$	8,431					$	17,966					$	1,856					$	5,884					$	4,094					$	49,832											$	132,436
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Ending Balance, December 31, 2023			$	23,503					$	16,343					$	9,882					$	16,859					$	1,482					$	6,586					$	4,239					$	56,417											$	135,311
Charge-offs (3)			(12,744)						(1,906)						(22)						—						—						(19)						—						(30,860)												(45,551)
Recoveries (3)			3,407						—						—						—						7						21						—						5,437												8,872
Provision (benefit) for credit losses on loans and leases			9,555						6,215						(1,429)						1,107						367						(704)						(145)						18,838												33,804
Ending Balance, June 30, 2024			$	23,721					$	20,652					$	8,431					$	17,966					$	1,856					$	5,884					$	4,094					$	49,832											$	132,436
Annualized Net Charge-offs to Average Loans and Leases
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024			(0.37)		%				(0.28)		%				—		%				—		%				0.02		%				0.02		%				—		%				(5.95)		%										(0.64)		%
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024			(0.30)		%				(0.18)		%				(0.01)		%				—		%				0.01		%				0.00		%				—		%				(6.32)		%										(0.63)		%

(1)Includes specialized lending.

(2)Represents $1.0 million of allowance for credit losses on PCD loans recognized upon acquisition of commercial and industrial loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

(3)Charge-offs and recoveries on PCD loans that are accounted for in pools are recognized on a net basis when the pool matures.

The ACL is based on a quarterly evaluation of the loan and lease portfolio held for investment and is maintained at a level that management considers adequate to absorb expected losses as of the balance sheet date. All commercial loans, with the exception of PPP loans and mortgage finance loans, which are reported at fair value, are assigned internal credit-risk ratings, based upon an assessment of the borrower, the structure of the transaction and the available collateral and/or guarantees. All loans and leases are monitored regularly by the responsible officer, and the risk ratings are adjusted when considered appropriate. The risk assessment allows management to identify problem loans and leases timely. Management considers a variety of factors and recognizes the inherent risk of loss that always exists in the lending process. Management uses a disciplined methodology to estimate an appropriate level of ACL. Refer to Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates herein and “NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION” to Customers’ audited consolidated financial statements in its 2024 Form 10-K for further discussion on management’s methodology for estimating the ACL.

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Customers’ commercial real estate, commercial and residential construction, consumer residential and owner occupied commercial and industrial loan types have real estate as collateral (collectively, “the real estate portfolio”) primarily in the form of a first lien position. Current appraisals providing current value estimates of the property are received when Customers’ credit group determines that the facts and circumstances have significantly changed since the date of the last appraisal, including that real estate values have deteriorated. A designated credit committee and loan officers review all non-accrual loans on a periodic basis. In addition, loans where the loan officers have identified a “borrower of interest” are discussed to determine if additional analysis is necessary to apply the risk-rating criteria properly. The risk ratings for the real estate loan portfolio are determined based upon the current information available, including but not limited to discussions with the borrower, updated financial information, economic conditions within the geographic area and other factors that may affect the cash flow of the loan. If a loan is individually evaluated for impairment, the collateral value or discounted cash flow analysis is generally used to determine the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, net of estimated selling costs, and compared to the outstanding loan balance to determine the amount of reserve necessary, if any. Appraisals used in this evaluation process are typically less than two years aged. For loans where real estate is not the primary source of collateral, updated financial information is obtained, including any relevant supplemental financial data to estimate the fair value of the loan, net of estimated selling costs, and compared to the outstanding loan balance to estimate the required reserve. Customers’ exposure to the higher risk commercial real estate office sector is minimal, representing approximately 1% of the total loan and lease portfolio as of June 30, 2025.

These impairment measurements are inherently subjective as they require material estimates, including, among others, estimates of property values in appraisals, the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows on individual loans, and general considerations for historical loss experience, economic conditions, uncertainties in estimating losses and inherent risks in the various credit portfolios, all of which require judgment and may be susceptible to significant change over time and as a result of changing economic conditions or other factors. Pursuant to ASC 326, individually assessed loans, consisting primarily of non-accrual and restructured loans, are considered in the methodology for determining the ACL. Individually assessed loans are generally evaluated based on the expected future cash flows or the fair value of the underlying collateral if principal repayment is expected to substantially come from the operation of the collateral or fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell if repayment of the loan is expected to be provided from the sale of such collateral. Shortfalls in the underlying collateral value for loans or leases determined to be collateral dependent are charged off immediately. Subsequent to an appraisal or other fair value estimate, management will assess whether there was a further decline in the value of the collateral based on changes in market conditions or property use that would require additional impairment to be recorded to reflect the particular situation, thereby increasing the ACL on loans and leases held for investment.

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Asset Quality

Customers classifies the loan and lease receivables by product or other characteristic generally defining a shared characteristic with other loans or leases in the same group. Charge-offs from originated and acquired loans and leases held for investment are absorbed by the ACL. The schedule that follows includes both loans held for sale and loans held for investment:

Asset Quality at June 30, 2025

(dollars in thousands)			Total Loans and Leases						Current						30-89 Days Past Due						90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing						Non-accrual/NPL (a)						OREO and Repossessed Assets (b)						NPA (1) (a)+(b)						NPL to Loan and Lease Type (%)						NPA to Loans and Leases + OREO and Repossessed Assets (%)
Loan and Lease Type
Commercial and industrial, including specialized lending			$	7,581,855					$	7,566,430					$	6,789					$	4,418					$	4,218					$	12,262					$	16,480					0.06		%				0.22		%
Multifamily			2,247,282						2,247,282						—						—						—						—						—						—		%				—		%
Commercial real estate owner occupied			1,065,006						1,057,468						533						—						7,005						—						7,005						0.66		%				0.66		%
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied			1,497,385						1,497,323						—						—						62						—						62						0.00		%				0.00		%
Construction			98,626						98,626						—						—						—						—						—						—		%				—		%
Total commercial loans and leases receivable			12,490,154						12,467,129						7,322						4,418						11,285						12,262						23,547						0.09		%				0.19		%
Residential			520,570						504,039						8,297						—						8,234						44						8,278						1.58		%				1.59		%
Manufactured housing			30,287						27,746						635						298						1,608						40						1,648						5.31		%				5.43		%
Installment			678,818						662,524						11,350						—						4,944						—						4,944						0.73		%				0.73		%
Total consumer loans receivable			1,229,675						1,194,309						20,282						298						14,786						84						14,870						1.20		%				1.21		%
Loans and leases receivable			13,719,829						13,661,438						27,604						4,716						26,071						12,346						38,417						0.19		%				0.28		%
Loans receivable, mortgage finance, at fair value			1,536,254						1,536,254						—						—						—						—						—						—		%				—		%
Loans receivable, installment, at fair value			123,354						119,261						2,132						—						1,961						—						1,961						1.59		%				1.59		%
Total loans held for sale			32,963						31,473						1,079						—						411						—						411						1.25		%				1.25		%
Total portfolio			$	15,412,400					$	15,348,426					$	30,815					$	4,716					$	28,443					$	12,346					$	40,789					0.18		%				0.26		%

Asset Quality at June 30, 2025 (continued)

(dollars in thousands)			Total Loans and Leases						Non-accrual / NPL						ACL																		Reserves to Loans and Leases (%)						Reserves to NPLs (%)
Loan and Lease Type
Commercial and industrial, including specialized lending			$	7,581,855					$	4,218					$	36,262																	0.48		%				859.70		%
Multifamily			2,247,282						—						20,864																		0.93		%				—		%
Commercial real estate owner occupied			1,065,006						7,005						12,514																		1.18		%				178.64		%
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied			1,497,385						62						20,679																		1.38		%				33353.23		%
Construction			98,626						—						2,160																		2.19		%				—		%
Total commercial loans and leases receivable			12,490,154						11,285						92,479																		0.74		%				819.49		%
Residential			520,570						8,234						6,331																		1.22		%				76.89		%
Manufactured housing			30,287						1,608						3,721																		12.29		%				231.41		%
Installment			678,818						4,944						44,887																		6.61		%				907.91		%
Total consumer loans receivable			1,229,675						14,786						54,939																		4.47		%				371.56		%
Loans and leases receivable			13,719,829						26,071						147,418																		1.07		%				565.45		%
Loans receivable, mortgage finance, at fair value			1,536,254						—						—																		—		%				—		%
Loans receivable, installment, at fair value			123,354						1,961						—																		—		%				—		%
Total loans held for sale			32,963						411						—																		—		%				—		%
Total portfolio			$	15,412,400					$	28,443					$	147,418																	0.96		%				518.29		%

(1)    Excludes non-performing investment securities, at fair value of $20.0 million with ACL of $9.5 million at June 30, 2025.

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The total loan and lease portfolio was $15.4 billion at June 30, 2025 compared to $14.7 billion at December 31, 2024, and $28.4 million, or 0.18% of loans and leases, were non-performing at June 30, 2025 compared to $43.3 million, or 0.30% of loans and leases, at December 31, 2024. The total loan and lease portfolio was supported by an ACL of $147.4 million (518.29% of NPLs and 0.96% of total loans and leases) and $136.8 million (316.06% of NPLs and 0.93% of total loans and leases), at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The tables below set forth non-accrual loans, NPAs and asset quality ratios:

(amounts in thousands)			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Loans 90+ days delinquent still accruing (1)			$	4,716					$	17,084
Non-accrual loans			$	28,443					$	43,275
OREO and repossessed assets			12,346						—
Investment securities, at fair value			19,989						12,532
Total non-performing assets			$	60,778					$	55,807

(1)Excludes PCD loans at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Non-accrual loans to loans and leases receivable (1)			0.19		%				0.31		%
Non-accrual loans to total loans and leases portfolio			0.18		%				0.30		%
Non-performing assets to total assets (2)			0.27		%				0.25		%
Non-accrual loans and loans 90+ days delinquent to total assets			0.15		%				0.27		%
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases to:
Loans and leases receivable			1.07		%				1.04		%
Non-accrual loans			518.29		%				316.06		%

(1)    Excludes loans held for sale, loans receivable, mortgage finance, at fair value and loans receivable, installment, at fair value.

(2)Includes non-performing investment securities, at fair value of $20.0 million with ACL of $9.5 million at June 30, 2025 and fair value of $12.5 million with ACL of $4.3 million at December 31, 2024, respectively.

The asset quality ratios related to NPAs, including non-performing investment securities, at fair value, and non-accrual loans remained low at June 30, 2025 as compared to December 31, 2024. Refer to Credit Risk above for information about the increase in ACL affecting the related asset quality ratios at June 30, 2025 as compared to December 31, 2024.

DEPOSITS

Customers offers a variety of deposit accounts, including checking, savings, MMDA, and time deposits. Deposits are primarily obtained from Customers’ geographic service area and nationwide through our single point of contact relationship managers, our branchless digital banking products, deposit brokers, listing services and other relationships.

The components of deposits were as follows at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024						Change						% Change
Demand, non-interest bearing			$	5,481,065					$	5,608,288					$	(127,223)					(2.3)		%
Demand, interest bearing			4,912,839						5,553,698						(640,859)						(11.5)		%
Savings, including MMDA			5,581,588						4,976,270						605,318						12.2		%
Non-time deposits			15,975,492						16,138,256						(162,764)						(1.0)		%
Time deposits			3,000,526						2,708,205						292,321						10.8		%
Total deposits			$	18,976,018					$	18,846,461					$	129,557					0.7		%

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Total deposits were $19.0 billion at June 30, 2025, an increase of $129.6 million, or 0.7%, from $18.8 billion at December 31, 2024. The increase in total deposits was primarily due to increases in savings, including MMDA of $605.3 million, or 12.2%, to $5.6 billion at June 30, 2025, from $5.0 billion at December 31, 2024 and time deposits of $292.3 million, or 10.8%, to $3.0 billion at June 30, 2025, from $2.7 billion at December 31, 2024. These increases were partially offset by decreases in interest bearing demand deposits of $640.9 million, or 11.5%, to $4.9 billion at June 30, 2025, from $5.6 billion at December 31, 2024 and non-interest bearing demand deposits of $127.2 million, or 2.3%, to $5.5 billion at June 30, 2025 from $5.6 billion at December 31, 2024.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Bank had $1.6 billion and $1.5 billion in deposits, respectively, to which it had pledged $1.7 billion and $1.5 billion of available borrowing capacity through the FHLB to the depositors through a standby letter of credit arrangement, respectively.

The total amount of estimated uninsured deposits was $7.4 billion and $7.3 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Time deposits greater than the FDIC limit of $250,000 totaled $916.7 million and $803.1 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. At June 30, 2025, the scheduled maturities of uninsured time deposits were as follows:

(amounts in thousands)			June 30, 2025
3 months or less			$	155,481
Over 3 through 6 months			130,607
Over 6 through 12 months			353,784
Over 12 months			276,784
Total			$	916,656

Average deposit balances by type and the associated average rate paid are summarized below:

			Three Months Ended June 30, 2025												Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
(dollars in thousands)			Average Balance						Average Rate Paid						Average Balance						Average Rate Paid
Demand, non-interest bearing			$	5,593,581					0.00		%				$	4,701,695					0.00		%
Demand, interest-bearing			4,935,587						3.84		%				5,719,698						4.50		%
Savings, including MMDA			5,462,674						3.90		%				5,157,093						4.63		%
Time deposits			2,852,645						4.73		%				2,034,605						5.02		%
Total			$	18,844,487					2.85		%				$	17,613,091					3.40		%

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2025												Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
(dollars in thousands)			Average Balance						Average Rate Paid						Average Balance						Average Rate Paid
Demand, non-interest bearing			$	5,651,789					0.00		%				$	4,661,341					0.00		%
Demand, interest-bearing			5,145,729						3.81		%				5,629,272						4.49		%
Savings, including MMDA			5,249,668						3.90		%				5,071,657						4.66		%
Time deposits			2,801,467						4.79		%				2,392,696						4.99		%
Total			$	18,848,653					2.84		%				$	17,754,966					3.43		%

FHLB ADVANCES AND OTHER BORROWINGS

Borrowed funds from various sources are generally used to supplement deposit growth and meet other operating needs. Customers’ borrowings include short-term and long-term advances from the FHLB, FRB, federal funds purchased, senior unsecured notes and subordinated debt. Subordinated debt is also considered as Tier 2 capital for certain regulatory calculations.

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Short-term debt

Short-term debt at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was as follows:

			June 30, 2025												December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)			Amount						Rate						Amount						Rate
FHLB advances			$	100,000					4.49		%				$	100,000					4.61		%
Total short-term debt			$	100,000											$	100,000

Long-term debt

FHLB and FRB Advances

Long-term FHLB and FRB advances at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

			June 30, 2025																		December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)			Amount									Rate									Amount									Rate
FHLB advances (1)			$	1,095,377		(2)						4.19		%	(3)						$	1,028,352		(2)						4.11		%	(3)
Total long-term FHLB and FRB advances			$	1,095,377																	$	1,028,352

(1)    Amounts reported in the above table include fixed rate long-term advances from FHLB of $850.0 million with maturities ranging from September 2025 to March 2028, and variable rate long-term advances from FHLB of $240.0 million with maturities ranging from December 2026 to December 2028 with a returnable option that can be repaid without penalty on certain predetermined dates at Customers Bank’s option, at June 30, 2025.

(2)    Includes $5.4 million and $(1.6) million of unamortized basis adjustments from interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of long-term advances from FHLB at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Refer to “NOTE 16 — DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES” to Customers’ unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

(3)    Excludes the effect of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of long-term advances from FHLB.

The maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB and FRB at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was as follows:

(dollars in thousands)			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Total maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB			$	3,819,412					$	3,562,171
Total maximum borrowing capacity with the FRB			4,134,678						4,357,519
Qualifying loans and securities serving as collateral against FHLB and FRB			9,471,384						9,722,736

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Senior Notes and Subordinated Debt

Long-term senior notes and subordinated debt at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

(dollars in thousands)												Carrying Amount
Issued by						Ranking						June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024						Rate						Issued Amount						Date Issued						Maturity						Price
Customers Bancorp						Senior (1)						$	99,138					$	99,068					2.875		%				$	100,000					August 2021						August 2031						100.000		%
Total other borrowings												$	99,138					$	99,068
Customers Bancorp						Subordinated (2)(3)						$	73,038					$	72,947					5.375		%				$	74,750					December 2019						December 2034						100.000		%
Customers Bank						Subordinated (2)(4)						109,611						109,562						6.125		%				110,000						June 2014						June 2029						100.000		%
Total subordinated debt												$	182,649					$	182,509

(1)The senior notes will bear an annual fixed rate of 2.875% until August 15, 2026. From August 15, 2026 until maturity, the notes will bear an annual interest rate equal to a benchmark rate, which is expected to be the three-month term SOFR, plus 235 basis points. Customers Bancorp has the ability to call the senior notes, in whole, or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal balance at certain times on or after August 15, 2026.

(2)The subordinated notes qualify as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes.

(3)Customers Bancorp has the ability to call the subordinated notes, in whole, or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal balance at certain times on or after December 30, 2029.

(4)The subordinated notes had an annual fixed rate of 6.125% until June 26, 2024. From June 26, 2024 until maturity, the notes bear an annual interest rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 344.3 basis points. Pursuant to the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act enacted by Congress on March 15, 2022, Customers substituted three-month term SOFR plus a tenor spread adjustment of 26.161 basis points for three-month LIBOR as the benchmark reference rate in order to calculate the annual interest rate after June 26, 2024. Customers Bank has the ability to call the subordinated notes, in whole, or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal balance at certain times on or after June 26, 2024.

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The components of shareholders' equity were as follows at the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024						Change						% Change
Preferred stock			$	82,201					$	137,794					$	(55,593)					(40.3)		%
Common stock			36,123						35,758						365						1.0		%
Additional paid in capital			572,473						575,333						(2,860)						(0.5)		%
Retained earnings			1,391,380						1,326,011						65,369						4.9		%
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net			(71,325)						(96,560)						25,235						(26.1)		%
Treasury stock			(147,294)						(141,653)						(5,641)						4.0		%
Total shareholders’ equity			$	1,863,558					$	1,836,683					$	26,875					1.5		%

Shareholders’ equity increased $26.9 million, or 1.5%, to $1.9 billion at June 30, 2025 when compared to shareholders’ equity of $1.8 billion at December 31, 2024. The increase primarily resulted from increases of $65.4 million in retained earnings and $25.2 million in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net, partially offset by a decrease of $55.6 million in preferred stock and an increase in treasury stock of $5.6 million.

The decrease in preferred stock resulted from redemption of all of the outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock on June 16, 2025. Refer to “NOTE 11 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY” to Customers’ unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

The increase in common stock and a decrease in additional paid in capital resulted primarily from the issuance of common stock under share-based compensation arrangements for the six months ended June 30, 2025.

The increase in retained earnings resulted from net income of $73.9 million, partially offset by preferred stock dividends of $6.6 million and a loss of $1.9 million on redemption of Series E Preferred Stock for the six months ended June 30, 2025.

The increase in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net primarily resulted from reclassification of $53.1 million in losses included in net income and income tax effect of $14.0 million, partially offset by an increase of $21.3 million in unrealized losses on AFS debt securities due to changes in market interest rates and credit spreads, and income tax effect of $5.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025.

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The increase in treasury stock resulted from repurchases of 104,206 shares of its common stock for $5.6 million under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program during the six months ended June 30, 2025. On June 26, 2024, the Board of Directors of Customers Bancorp authorized a new common stock repurchase program, the 2024 Share Repurchase Program, to repurchase up to 497,509 shares of the Company’s common stock. As of March 30, 2025, Customers had purchased all shares authorized under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity for a financial institution is a measure of that institution’s ability to meet depositors’ needs for funds, to satisfy or fund loan and lease commitments and for other operating purposes. Ensuring adequate liquidity is an objective of the asset/liability management process. Customers coordinates its management of liquidity with its interest rate sensitivity and capital position, and strives to maintain a strong liquidity position that is sufficient to meet Customers’ short-term and long-term needs, commitments and contractual obligations.

Customers is involved with financial instruments and other commitments with off-balance sheet risks. Financial instruments with off-balance sheet risks are incurred in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of the Bank’s customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, including unused portions of lines of credit, and standby letters of credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized on the consolidated balance sheet.

With commitments to extend credit, exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial instrument is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The same credit policies are used in making commitments and conditional obligations as for on-balance sheet instruments. Because they involve credit risk similar to extending a loan and lease, these financial instruments are subject to the Bank’s credit policy and other underwriting standards.

Customers recognized a provision for credit losses on unfunded lending-related commitments of $1.6 million and $2.8 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, resulting in an ACL of $7.7 million as of June 30, 2025. Customers had an ACL on unfunded lending-related commitments of $4.9 million as of December 31, 2024.

Customers’ contractual obligations and other commitments representing required and potential cash outflows include operating leases, demand deposits, time deposits, short-term and long-term advances from FHLB, unsecured senior notes, subordinated debt, loan and other commitments as of June 30, 2025. Refer to “NOTE 8 – LEASES”, “NOTE 9 – DEPOSITS”, “NOTE 10 – BORROWINGS” and “NOTE 13 — FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITH OFF-BALANCE SHEET RISK” to Customers’ unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

At June 30, 2025, Customers had $3.5 billion of cash on hand and $2.7 billion of investment securities. Customers’ investment portfolio, including debt securities available for sale and held to maturity provides periodic cash flows through regular maturities and amortization and can be used as collateral to secure additional funding. We maintain a strong liquidity position, with $8.6 billion of liquidity immediately available consisting of cash on hand and available borrowing capacity from the FHLB and the FRB, which covered approximately 115% of uninsured deposits and approximately 150% of uninsured deposits less collateralized and affiliate deposits at June 30, 2025. Our loan to deposit ratio was 81% at June 30, 2025. Customers’ principal sources of funds are deposits, borrowings, principal and interest payments on loans and leases, other funds from operations, and proceeds from common and preferred stock issuances. Borrowing arrangements are maintained with the FHLB and the FRB to meet short-term liquidity needs. Longer-term borrowing arrangements are also maintained with the FHLB and the FRB. As of June 30, 2025, Customers’ borrowing capacity with the FHLB was $3.8 billion, of which $1.2 billion was utilized in borrowings and $1.7 billion of available capacity was utilized to collateralize deposits. As of December 31, 2024, Customers’ borrowing capacity with the FHLB was $3.6 billion, of which $1.1 billion was utilized in borrowings and $1.5 billion of available capacity was utilized to collateralize deposits. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Customers’ borrowing capacity with the FRB was $4.1 billion and $4.4 billion, respectively. None of this capacity was utilized as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The table below summarizes Customers’ cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

			Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)			2025						2024						Change						% Change
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities			$	256,275					$	(12,743)					$	269,018					NM
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities			(619,202)						(358,319)						(260,883)						72.8		%
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities			80,507						(426,697)						507,204						(118.9)		%
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents			$	(282,420)					$	(797,759)					$	515,339					(64.6)		%

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Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities

Cash provided by operating activities of $256.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 resulted from proceeds from the sales and repayments of loans held for sale of $466.2 million, net non-cash operating adjustments of $104.2 million, net income of $73.9 million, an increase in accrued interest payable and other liabilities of $26.4 million and an increase in accrued interest receivable and other assets of $3.5 million, partially offset by origination and purchases of loans held for sale of $417.8 million.

Cash used in operating activities of $12.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 resulted from origination and purchases of loans held for sale of $694.8 million, a decrease in accrued interest payable and other liabilities of $54.7 million and an increase in accrued interest receivable and other assets of $43.9 million, partially offset by proceeds from the sales and repayments of loans held for sale of $655.7 million, net income of $107.8 million and net non-cash operating adjustments of $17.2 million.

Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities

Cash used in investing activities of $619.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily resulted from purchases of investment securities available for sale of $506.8 million, net increase in loans and leases, excluding mortgage finance loans of $461.0 million, net origination of mortgage finance loans of $193.4 million, purchases of loans of $182.0 million, purchases of leased asset under lessor operating leases of $39.8 million and purchases of investment securities held to maturity of $14.0 million, partially offset by proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale of $450.4 million, proceeds from maturities, calls, and principal repayments of investment securities available for sale of $167.5 million and held to maturity of $155.6 million.

Cash used in investing activities of $358.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from purchases of investment securities available for sale of $599.3 million, net increase in loans and leases, excluding mortgage finance loans of $276.2 million, net origination of mortgage finance loans of $108.3 million, purchases of loans of $50.6 million and purchases of leased asset under lessor operating leases of $19.6 million, partially offset by proceeds from maturities, calls, and principal repayments of investment securities available for sale of $259.7 million and held to maturity of $142.8 million, proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale of $240.7 million, proceeds from sales of loans and leases of $23.7 million, net proceeds from sale of FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank, and other restricted stock of $18.3 million and proceeds from sales of leased assets under lessor operating leases of $13.7 million.

Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities

Cash provided by financing activities of $80.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily resulted from proceeds from long-term borrowed funds from the FHLB and the FRB of $160.0 million and net increase in deposits of $101.6 million, partially offset by repayments of long-term borrowed funds from the FHLB and the FRB of $100.0 million, redemption of preferred stock of $57.5 million, payments of employee taxes withheld from share-based awards of $12.3 million, dividends paid on preferred stock of $6.8 million and purchases of treasury stock of $5.6 million. Refer to “NOTE 11 — SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY” to Customers’ unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information on preferred stock and treasury stock.

Cash used in financing activities of $426.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily resulted from repayments of long-term borrowed funds from the FHLB and the FRB of $250.0 million and a net decrease in deposits of $239.8 million, partially offset by proceeds from long-term borrowed funds from the FHLB and the FRB of $75.0 million.

CAPITAL ADEQUACY

The Bank and the Bancorp are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on Customers’ financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank and the Bancorp must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items, as calculated under the regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.

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In first quarter 2020, the U.S federal banking regulatory agencies permitted banking organizations to phase-in, for regulatory capital purposes, the day-one impact of the new CECL accounting rule on retained earnings over a period of three years. As part of its response to the impact of COVID-19, on March 31, 2020, the U.S. federal banking regulatory agencies issued an interim final rule that provided the option to temporarily delay certain effects of CECL on regulatory capital for two years, followed by a three-year transition period. The interim final rule allowed banking organizations to delay for two years 100% of the day-one impact of adopting CECL and 25% of the cumulative change in the reported allowance for credit losses since adopting CECL. Customers elected to adopt the interim final rule, which is reflected in the regulatory capital data presented below. The cumulative CECL capital transition impact as of December 31, 2021 which amounted to $61.6 million was phased in at 25% per year beginning on January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, our regulatory capital ratios reflected the full impact of the CECL transition provisions.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank and the Bancorp to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of common equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and total capital to risk-weighted assets, and Tier 1 capital to average assets (as defined in the regulations). At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Bank and the Bancorp met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.

Generally, to comply with the regulatory definition of adequately capitalized, or well capitalized, respectively, or to comply with the Basel III capital requirements, an institution must at least maintain the common equity Tier 1, Tier 1, and total risk-based capital ratios and the Tier 1 leverage ratio in excess of the related minimum ratios set forth in the following table:

															Minimum Capital Levels to be Classified as:
			Actual												Adequately Capitalized												Well Capitalized												Basel III Compliant
(dollars in thousands)			Amount						Ratio						Amount						Ratio						Amount						Ratio						Amount						Ratio
As of June 30, 2025:
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.			$	1,846,512					12.050		%				$	689,552					4.500		%				N/A						N/A						$	1,072,636					7.000		%
Customers Bank			$	1,989,341					13.003		%				$	688,458					4.500		%				$	994,439					6.500		%				$	1,070,935					7.000		%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.			$	1,928,713					12.587		%				$	919,402					6.000		%				N/A						N/A						$	1,302,487					8.500		%
Customers Bank			$	1,989,341					13.003		%				$	917,944					6.000		%				$	1,223,925					8.000		%				$	1,300,421					8.500		%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.			$	2,220,223					14.489		%				$	1,225,870					8.000		%				N/A						N/A						$	1,608,954					10.500		%
Customers Bank			$	2,206,899					14.425		%				$	1,223,925					8.000		%				$	1,529,907					10.000		%				$	1,606,402					10.500		%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.			$	1,928,713					8.583		%				$	898,830					4.000		%				N/A						N/A						$	898,830					4.000		%
Customers Bank			$	1,989,341					8.860		%				$	898,110					4.000		%				$	1,122,638					5.000		%				$	898,110					4.000		%
As of December 31, 2024:
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.			$	1,803,601					12.087		%				$	671,841					4.500		%				N/A						N/A						$	1,044,526					7.000		%
Customers Bank			$	1,930,951					12.955		%				$	670,719					4.500		%				$	968,817					6.500		%				$	1,043,341					7.000		%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.			$	1,941,394					13.011		%				$	895,308					6.000		%				N/A						N/A						$	1,268,353					8.500		%
Customers Bank			$	1,930,951					12.955		%				$	894,292					6.000		%				$	1,192,390					8.000		%				$	1,266,914					8.500		%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.			$	2,219,984					14.878		%				$	1,193,744					8.000		%				N/A						N/A						$	1,566,789					10.500		%
Customers Bank			$	2,136,594					14.335		%				$	1,192,390					8.000		%				$	1,490,487					10.000		%				$	1,565,012					10.500		%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.			$	1,941,394					8.694		%				$	893,254					4.000		%				N/A						N/A						$	893,254					4.000		%
Customers Bank			$	1,930,951					8.652		%				$	892,755					4.000		%				$	1,115,944					5.000		%				$	892,755					4.000		%

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The Basel III Capital Rules require that we maintain a 2.500% capital conservation buffer with respect to each of common equity Tier 1, Tier 1 and total capital to risk-weighted assets, which provides for capital levels that exceed the minimum risk-based capital adequacy requirements. A financial institution with a conservation buffer of less than the required amount is subject to limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and stock repurchases, and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. As of June 30, 2025, the Bank and the Bancorp were in compliance with the Basel III requirements.

Effect of Government Monetary Policies

Our earnings are and will be affected by domestic economic conditions and the monetary and fiscal policies of the United States government and its agencies. An important function of the Federal Reserve Board is to regulate the money supply and interest rates. Among the instruments used to implement those objectives are open market operations in United States government securities and changes in reserve requirements against member bank deposits. These instruments are used in varying combinations to influence overall growth and distribution of bank loans and leases, investments, and deposits, and their use may also affect rates charged on loans and leases or paid for deposits.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Sensitivity

The largest part of Customers’ net income is net interest income, and the majority of its financial instruments are interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities with various term structures and maturities. One of the primary goals of management is to optimize net interest income while minimizing interest rate risk. Interest rate risk is derived from timing differences in the repricing of assets and liabilities, loan prepayments, deposit withdrawals and differences in lending and funding rates. Customers’ asset/liability committee actively looks to monitor and control the economic impact of changes in interest rates on the mix of interest rate sensitive assets and interest rate sensitive liabilities.

Customers uses two complementary methods to effectively measure and manage interest rate risk. The two types of simulation analysis used to determine the impact of changes in interest rates under various hypothetical interest rate scenarios are income scenario modeling and estimates of economic value (EVE). The combination of these two methods supplies a reasonably comprehensive summary of the levels of interest rate risk of Customers’ exposure to time factors and changes in interest rate environments.

In the three months ended June 30, 2025, Customers transitioned to a new balance sheet forecasting model used to determine and manage interest rate risk. The Bank made this change to enhance the modeling of sensitivity to interest rates. Principal assumptions including those of investment performance, loan prepayments and deposit modeling were enhanced resulting in differences from the previous model.

Income scenario modeling is used to measure interest rate sensitivity and manage interest rate risk over a near term horizon. Income scenario considers not only the impact of changing market interest rates upon forecasted net interest income but also other factors such as yield curve relationships, the volume and mix of assets and liabilities, customer preferences and general market conditions.

Through the use of income scenario modeling, Customers has estimated the net interest income for the twelve months ending June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, based upon the assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet financial instruments including derivatives in existence at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Customers has also estimated changes to that projected twelve-month net interest income based upon implied forward interest rates rising or falling immediately (“rate shocks”). For upward rate shocks modeling a rising rate environment at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Customers used a parallel and sustained shift in interest rates, in which the base market interest rate forecast was immediately increased by 100, 200, and 300 basis points. For downward rate shocks modeling a falling rate environment at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Customers used a parallel and sustained shift in interest rates, in which the base market interest rate forecast was immediately decreased by 100, 200 and 300 basis points. The following table reflects the estimated percentage change in projected twelve-month net interest income under the rate shocks versus the base projected net interest income for the twelve months ending June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, resulting from changes in interest rates under the new balance sheet forecasting model:

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Net change in net interest income

			% change from base
Rate Shocks			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Up 3%			6.7%						5.2%
Up 2%			4.6%						3.4%
Up 1%			2.2%						1.5%
Down 1%			(1.5)%						(1.2)%
Down 2%			(4.4)%						(4.2)%
Down 3%			(7.7)%						(7.2)%

EVE considers a longer-term horizon and estimates the hypothetical discounted net present value of asset and liability cash flows. Discount rates are based upon market prices for comparable assets and liabilities. Upward and downward rate shocks are used to measure sensitivity of EVE in relation to a constant rate environment using implied forward interest rates. For upward rate shocks modeling a rising rate environment at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, current market interest rates were shocked by a parallel and sustained shift in interest rates, in which the base market interest rate forecast was immediately increased by 100, 200, and 300 basis points. For downward rate shocks modeling a falling rate environment at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, current market interest rates were shocked by a parallel and sustained shift in interest rates, in which the base market interest rate forecast was immediately decreased by 100, 200 and 300 basis points. This method of measurement primarily evaluates the longer term repricing risks and embedded options in Customers Bank’s balance sheet. The following table reflects the estimated change in EVE at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, resulting from shocks to interest rates under the new balance sheet forecasting model:

			% change from base
Rate Shocks			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Up 3%			(9.0)%						(9.0)%
Up 2%			(5.2)%						(5.3)%
Up 1%			(2.2)%						(2.2)%
Down 1%			1.7%						1.9%
Down 2%			3.1%						3.6%
Down 3%			4.4%						4.6%

Management believes that the assumptions and combination of methods used in evaluating interest rate risk in the new balance sheet forecasting model as described above are reasonable. However, the interest rate sensitivity of our assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet financial instruments, as well as the estimated effect of changes in interest rates on estimated net interest income, could vary substantially if different assumptions are used or actual experience differs from the assumptions used in the model.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

(a) Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As of the end of the period covered by this report, Customers Bancorp carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of Customers Bancorp’s management, including Customers Bancorp’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Customers Bancorp’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). Based upon the evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that Customers Bancorp’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2025.

(b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, there have been no changes in Customers Bancorp’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Customers Bancorp’s internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

For information on Customers’ legal proceedings, refer to “NOTE 17 – LOSS CONTINGENCIES” to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in “Risk Factors” included within the 2024 Form 10-K. There are no material changes from the risk factors included within the 2024 Form 10-K. The risks described within the 2024 Form 10-K are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. Refer to “Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On June 16, 2025, Customers redeemed all of the outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock for an aggregate payment of $57.5 million, at a redemption price of $25.00 per share. The shares of Series E Preferred Stock redeemed during the three months ended June 30, 2025 were as follows:

Period						Total Number of Shares Purchased						Average Price Paid per Share						Total Number of Shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs						Maximum Number of Shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
April 1 - April 30, 2025						—						—						—						—
May 1 - May 31, 2025						—						—						—						—
June 1 - June 30, 2025						2,300,000						$	25.00					2,300,000						—
Total						2,300,000						$	25.00					2,300,000						—

Dividends on Common Stock

Customers Bancorp historically has not paid any cash dividends on its shares of common stock and does not expect to do so in the foreseeable future.

Any future determination relating to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of Customers Bancorp’s Board of Directors and will depend on a number of factors, including earnings and financial condition, liquidity and capital requirements, the general economic and regulatory climate, ability to service any equity or debt obligations senior to our common stock, including obligations to pay dividends to the holders of Customers Bancorp’s issued and outstanding shares of preferred stock and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors.

In addition, as a bank holding company, Customers Bancorp is subject to general regulatory restrictions on the payment of cash dividends. Federal bank regulatory agencies have the authority to prohibit bank holding companies from engaging in unsafe or unsound practices in conducting their business, which, depending on the financial condition and liquidity of the holding company at the time, could include the payment of dividends. Further, various federal and state statutory provisions limit the amount of dividends that bank subsidiaries can pay to their parent holding company without regulatory approval. Generally, subsidiaries are prohibited from paying dividends when doing so would cause them to fall below the regulatory minimum capital levels, and limits exist on paying dividends in excess of net income for specified periods. The ability to pay dividends and the amounts that can be paid is limited to the extent the Bank’s capital ratios do not exceed the minimum required levels plus 250 basis points.

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Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

During the second quarter of 2025, no director or officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted, terminated or modified any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.						Description
3.1						Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Customers Bancorp, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Customers Bancorp Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 30, 2012
3.2						Amended and Restated Bylaws of Customers Bancorp, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Customers Bancorp Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 30, 2012
3.3						Articles of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Customers Bancorp, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Customers Bancorp Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 2, 2012
3.4						Articles of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Customers Bancorp, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Customers Bancorp’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 3, 2019
3.5						Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of Customers Bancorp, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Customers Bancorp’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 19, 2019
3.6						Statement with Respect to Shares of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Customers Bancorp Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 28, 2016
3.7						Statement with Respect to Shares of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series F, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Customers Bancorp Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 16, 2016
10.1						Employment Agreement, dated as of June 10, 2025, by and between Customers Bancorp, Inc. and Mark R. McCollom incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Customers Bancorp Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on June 11, 2025
10.2						Form of Amended Long-Term Incentive Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement relating to the 2019 Stock Incentive Plan filed herewith
31.1						Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule15d-14(a)
31.2						Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule15d-14(a)
32.1						Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2						Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101						The following financial statements from the Customers’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as of and for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL include: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document.
101.LAB						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

			Customers Bancorp, Inc.
August 7, 2025			By:						/s/ Jay S. Sidhu
			Name:						Jay S. Sidhu
			Title:						Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
August 7, 2025			By:						/s/ Philip S. Watkins
			Name:						Philip S. Watkins
			Title:						Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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FAQ

What did Assured Guaranty (AGO) disclose in its 7 Aug 2025 Form 8-K?

The company announced that its Q2 2025 earnings press release and 30 Jun 2025 financial supplement are available as Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2.

Does the 8-K include AGO's actual Q2 2025 financial figures?

No. The filing references the figures but directs investors to Exhibit 99.1 (press release) and Exhibit 99.2 (supplement) for details.

Where can investors access AGO's 30 June 2025 financial supplement?

It is filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Form 8-K and can be downloaded from the SEC's EDGAR system.

Who signed the Form 8-K for Assured Guaranty Ltd.?

Chief Financial Officer Benjamin G. Rosenblum signed the report.

Which AGO securities are listed on the NYSE according to the filing?

Common shares, 6.125% Senior Notes 2028 (AGO/28), 3.150% Senior Notes 2031 (AGO/31) and 3.600% Senior Notes 2051 (AGO/51).