Green Plains Q3 2026 profit rises to $85.4M
Green Plains agreed to monetize $250 million to $325 million of 2026 45Z credits and updated its credit-value guidance.
Sentiment and the balance of points
Rhea-AI Sentiment reads the wording of the document, how positive or negative its language is on a 1 to 5 scale. The balance of points shown with the takes weighs what the document actually discloses, so the two can disagree, for example when a trial that missed its main goal is described in upbeat language.
Form Type
8-K
Rhea-AI Filing Summary
Green Plains Inc. (GPRE) reported third-quarter 2026 net income attributable to the company of $85.4 million, or $1.03 per diluted share, compared with $11.9 million and $0.17 per diluted share a year earlier. Revenue was $496.0 million, versus $508.5 million.
Adjusted EBITDA reached a record $118.0 million, compared with $52.6 million, including $65.4 million from Section 45Z production tax credits net of discounts, other costs and selling, general and administrative expenses. Green Plains updated 2026 guidance to $230 million to $250 million of adjusted EBITDA contribution from 45Z credit value net of discounts and other costs, and on October 29, 2026, executed an agreement to monetize $250 million to $325 million of 2026 credits. Eight operating ethanol plants ran at 95% utilization, with record quarterly ethanol and corn oil yields.
Operating cash flow was $47.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026. As of September 30, 2026, cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash totaled $225.1 million; $290.0 million was available under a committed revolving credit facility subject to restrictions and other lending conditions, and total debt outstanding was $477.7 million.
2 points · 0 major0 major · 0 points
How this balance works
Rhea-AI gives every point it takes from this document a weight. Minor counts 1, Moderate 3 and Major 9, so one Major point outweighs several Minor ones. The bar adds up the weights on each side, and when neither side holds more than 65% of the total the balance reads Mixed.
It reads the document as published, with the same rules for every company, and it does not look at what the market expected or at how the stock traded, so a point can be objectively good on a day the stock falls.
Rhea-AI Sentiment measures something else, the tone of the wording.
Positive
- Moderate pointNet income attributable to Green Plains reached $85.4 million, compared with $11.9 million.
- Moderate pointAdjusted EBITDA reached a record $118.0 million, compared with $52.6 million.
Negative
- None.
Filing Explained
Green Plains retrospectively changed its 45Z accounting: credits now reduce cost of goods sold instead of appearing as income-tax benefit, so 2025 comparisons were reclassified for
8-K Event Classification
2 items: 2.02, 9.01
2 items
Item 2.02
Results of Operations and Financial Condition
Financial
Disclosure of earnings results, typically an earnings press release or preliminary financials.
Item 9.01
Financial Statements and Exhibits
Exhibits
Financial statements, pro forma financial information, or exhibit attachments filed with this report.
Key Figures
Revenue: $496.0 million
Net income attributable to Green Plains: $85.4 million
Diluted earnings per share: $1.03 per diluted share
+5 more
8 metrics
Revenue
$496.0 million
Three months ended September 30, 2026; $508.5 million in the same 2025 period
Net income attributable to Green Plains
$85.4 million
Third quarter of 2026; $11.9 million in the same 2025 period
Diluted earnings per share
$1.03 per diluted share
Third quarter of 2026; $0.17 in the same 2025 period
Adjusted EBITDA
$118.0 million
Third quarter of 2026; $52.6 million in the same 2025 period
45Z credit monetization agreement
$250 million to $325 million
2026 Section 45Z production tax credits; agreement executed October 29, 2026
2026 45Z credit-value guidance
$230 million to $250 million
Adjusted EBITDA contribution from 45Z credit value net of discounts and other costs
Net cash provided by operating activities
$47.4 million
Nine months ended September 30, 2026
Total debt outstanding
$477.7 million
As of September 30, 2026
Key Terms
Adjusted EBITDA, Section 45Z production tax credits, consolidated ethanol crush margin, income model of ASU 2025-10
4 terms
Adjusted EBITDA financial
"record adjusted EBITDA of $118.0 million"
Adjusted EBITDA is a way companies measure how much money they make from their core operations, like running a business, by removing certain costs or income that aren’t part of regular business activities. It helps investors see how well a company is doing without distractions from unusual expenses or gains, making it easier to compare companies or track performance over time.
Section 45Z production tax credits regulatory
"Section 45Z production tax credits net of discounts"
consolidated ethanol crush margin financial
"The consolidated ethanol crush margin was $122.8 million"
Consolidated ethanol crush margin measures how much money a company makes, per unit of ethanol, after paying for the corn and other direct costs across all its plants. Think of it like a bakery’s profit per loaf after buying flour — it combines revenue from ethanol and co‑products (like animal feed) minus the feedstock cost. Investors watch it because it shows the core profitability of an ethanol producer and signals sensitivity to corn, energy and fuel prices.
income model of ASU 2025-10 technical
"under the income model of ASU 2025-10"
Earnings Snapshot
Net income attributable to Green Plains: $85.4 million · Guidance included
Third quarter of 2026
Net income attributable to Green Plains
$85.4 million
Compared with $11.9 million in the third quarter of 2025
Diluted earnings per share
$1.03 per diluted share
Compared with $0.17 per diluted share in the third quarter of 2025
Revenue
$496.0 million
Compared with $508.5 million in the third quarter of 2025
Adjusted EBITDA
$118.0 million
Compared with $52.6 million in the third quarter of 2025
Guidance
Updated 2026 guidance to $230 million to $250 million of adjusted EBITDA contribution from 45Z tax credit value net of discounts and other costs.
FAQ
AI-generated questions and answers. How Rhea-AI works. Not financial advice.
What were GPRE's third-quarter 2026 earnings?
Green Plains reported net income attributable to the company of $85.4 million, or $1.03 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2026. In the third quarter of 2025, net income attributable to the company was $11.9 million, or $0.17 per diluted share.
What 45Z credit agreement did GPRE announce?
Green Plains executed an agreement on October 29, 2026, to monetize $250 million to $325 million of 2026 Section 45Z production tax credits. The company also updated its 2026 guidance to $230 million to $250 million of adjusted EBITDA contribution from 45Z credit value net of discounts and other costs.
How much cash and debt did GPRE report at September 30, 2026?
Green Plains reported $225.1 million in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, and $477.7 million of total debt outstanding as of September 30, 2026. It also had $290.0 million available under a committed revolving credit facility, subject to restrictions and other lending conditions.
How did GPRE change its accounting for Section 45Z credits?
Green Plains early adopted ASU 2025-10 in the first quarter of 2026 and changed its policy to recognize Section 45Z credits by analogy under the standard’s income model, reducing cost of goods sold and recognizing production tax credits on the balance sheet. The retrospective change included $26.5 million recorded as a reduction of cost of goods sold for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.
AI-generated analysis. How Rhea-AI works. Not financial advice.
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_________________
FORM 8-K
_________________
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): November 5, 2026
_______________________________
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_______________________________
| (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation) | (Commission File Number) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||||
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(402 ) 884-8700
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||||||||
_______________________________
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
| Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) | ||||||||
| Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) | ||||||||
| Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) | ||||||||
| Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) | ||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Item 2.02. Results of Operations and Financial Condition.
Green Plains Inc. issued a press release announcing its financial results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026. A copy of this press release is attached as Exhibit 99.1.
The information in this current report on Form 8-K, including Exhibit 99.1, is “furnished,” not “filed,” for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not subject to liability of that section nor deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, before or after this date and regardless of any general incorporation language in the filing, unless explicitly incorporated by reference in such filing.
Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(d) Exhibits. The following exhibits are filed as part of this report.
| Exhibit No. | Description of Exhibit | |||||||
99.1 | Press Release, dated November 5, 2026 | |||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) | |||||||
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
| Green Plains Inc. | |||||||||||
| Date: November 5, 2026 | By: | /s/ Ann Reis | |||||||||
| Ann Reis | |||||||||||
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||||||||
 | Exhibit 99.1 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE | |||||||
Green Plains Reports Third Quarter 2026 Financial Results
Results for the Third Quarter of 2026:
•Net income attributable to Green Plains of $85.4 million, or EPS of $1.03 per diluted share
•Record adjusted EBITDA of $118.0 million, including $52.6 million from the base business and $65.4 million in 45Z production tax credit value net of discounts and other costs
•Strong operational execution, with 95% utilization across eight operating ethanol plants and record quarterly ethanol and corn oil yields supporting improved crush margins
•Cash flow from operating activities of $47.4 million through the third quarter of 2026
•Updated 2026 full-year guidance to $230 million to $250 million of adjusted EBITDA contribution from 45Z tax credit value net of discounts and other costs
•On October 29, 2026, executed agreement to monetize $250 million to $325 million of 2026 45Z production tax credits
OMAHA, Neb., November 5, 2026 (BUSINESS WIRE) - Green Plains Inc. (NASDAQ:GPRE) (“Green Plains” or the “company”) today announced financial results for the third quarter of 2026. Net income attributable to the company was $85.4 million, or $1.03 per diluted share compared to net income attributable to the company of $11.9 million or $0.17 per diluted share, for the same period in 2025. Revenues were $496.0 million for the third quarter of 2026 compared with $508.5 million for the same period last year. Core operating profitability strengthened with adjusted EBITDA of $118.0 million compared to $52.6 million for the same period in the prior year.
“Green Plains delivered record operating performance across the platform in the third quarter, demonstrating the earnings power we’ve built across the business,” said Chris Osowski, President and Chief Executive Officer of Green Plains. “Following quarter-end, the execution of our 45Z monetization agreement marked another important milestone by providing greater visibility into converting that value into cash. Together, a stronger base business and increased financial flexibility position us to invest in our platform and pursue opportunities where we believe Green Plains can create additional value for shareholders.”
“Our strong cash position and free cash flow allow us to explore a variety of options, but our standards for deploying capital have not changed,” said Ann Reis, Chief Financial Officer of Green Plains. “Every opportunity will be evaluated against risk-adjusted returns, strategic fit, and its ability to create long-term value. We intend to remain disciplined and selective as we determine where the next dollar of capital can generate attractive returns.”
Results of Operations
Green Plains’ ethanol production segment sold 174.9 million gallons of ethanol during the third quarter of 2026, compared with 197.3 million gallons for the same period in 2025. The consolidated ethanol crush margin was $122.8 million for the third quarter of 2026, compared with $59.6 million for the same period in 2025. The consolidated ethanol crush margin is the ethanol production segment’s operating income before depreciation and amortization, including intercompany marketing and agribusiness fees and excluding net nonethanol operating activities.
Consolidated revenues decreased $12.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared with the same period in 2025, primarily due to lower revenues within our ethanol production segment primarily as a result of lower volumes sold driven by the disposition of our Obion, Tennessee plant, offset by higher volumes sold and weighted average selling prices on ethanol and renewable corn oil.
Net income increased $74.6 million and adjusted EBITDA increased $65.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026 compared with the same period last year primarily due to an increase of $42.3 million in Section 45Z production tax credits recorded net of discounts, other costs and selling, general and administrative expenses, higher margins in our ethanol production segment and $2.7 million lower selling, general and administrative expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2026. Interest expense decreased $39.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026 compared with the same period in 2025 primarily due to prior year loan fees related to the refinancing and extinguishment of the junior mezzanine notes, partially offset by higher debt balances associated with carbon sequestration equipment. Income tax expense was $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared with income tax expense of $0.9 million for the same period in 2025.
During the first quarter of 2026, the company elected to early adopt ASU 2025-10, Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities. Concurrently, the company elected to change its accounting policy related to the recognition of Section 45Z production tax credits. The change in accounting policy results in the recognition of Section 45Z production tax credits by analogy under the income model of ASU 2025-10, which results in a reduction of cost of goods sold in the statements of operations and recognition as production tax credits on the consolidated balance sheets. The company previously recorded the credits under ASC
1
740, Accounting for Income Taxes, which resulted in recognition within income tax benefit in the statements of operations and deferred income taxes, net in the consolidated balance sheets. The company determined that the income model under ASU 2025-10 is preferable because it better reflects the financial benefit of Section 45Z production tax credits netted against the costs to produce the low-carbon fuels that the tax legislation was meant to incentivize. The company determined that retrospective adjustment to prior period financials is required. The impact for the change in accounting policy resulted in $26.5 million of 45Z production tax credits being recorded as a reduction of cost of goods sold during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, with related reclassifications from income tax benefit in the statements of operations. Additionally, the company has reclassified balances previously reported as deferred income taxes, net, and other long-term liabilities to production tax credits on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025.
Segment Information
The company reports the financial and operating performance for the following two operating segments: (1) ethanol production, which includes the production, storage, and transportation of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein, and renewable corn oil, in addition to CCS operations at our three Nebraska plants and (2) agribusiness and energy services, which includes grain handling and storage, commodity marketing and merchant trading for company-produced and third-party ethanol, distillers grains, renewable corn oil, natural gas and other commodities.
2
GREEN PLAINS INC.
SEGMENT OPERATIONS
(unaudited, in thousands)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Var. | 2026 | 2025 | % Var. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ethanol production | $ | 454,443 | $ | 473,912 | (4.1)% | $ | 1,258,570 | $ | 1,498,837 | (16.0)% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agribusiness and energy services | 46,707 | 40,789 | 14.5 | 144,858 | 182,149 | (20.5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intersegment eliminations | (5,160) | (6,214) | (17.0) | (15,410) | (18,155) | (15.1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 495,990 | $ | 508,487 | (2.5)% | $ | 1,388,018 | $ | 1,662,831 | (16.5)% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ethanol production (1) (2) | $ | 133,907 | $ | 69,066 | 93.9% | $ | 309,864 | $ | 96,864 | 219.9% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agribusiness and energy services | 8,901 | 9,621 | (7.5) | 33,920 | 26,432 | 28.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 142,808 | $ | 78,687 | 81.5% | $ | 343,784 | $ | 123,296 | 178.8% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ethanol production | $ | 22,779 | $ | 23,868 | (4.6)% | $ | 68,670 | $ | 67,821 | 1.3% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agribusiness and energy services (3) | 32 | 252 | (87.3) | 94 | 4,710 | (98.0) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate activities | 763 | 848 | (10.0) | 1,896 | 2,384 | (20.5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 23,574 | $ | 24,968 | (5.6)% | $ | 70,660 | $ | 74,915 | (5.7)% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ethanol production (2) (4) (5) | $ | 99,027 | $ | 30,895 | 220.5% | $ | 209,426 | $ | (20,873) | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agribusiness and energy services (3) | 5,968 | 6,942 | (14.0) | 26,499 | 10,224 | 159.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate activities (6) (7) | (12,402) | 22,553 | * | (30,686) | (19,584) | 56.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 92,593 | $ | 60,390 | 53.3% | $ | 205,239 | $ | (30,233) | * | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ethanol production (2) (4) (5) | $ | 122,268 | $ | 55,185 | 121.6% | $ | 279,778 | $ | 44,761 | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agribusiness and energy services | 6,304 | 6,665 | (5.4) | 27,239 | 14,849 | 83.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate activities (6) (7) | (10,636) | 22,745 | * | (24,278) | (45,404) | (46.5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | 117,936 | 84,595 | 39.4 | 282,739 | 14,206 | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring costs | — | 2,709 | * | — | 21,815 | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of assets, net | — | (36,006) | * | — | (31,962) | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of assets held for sale | — | — | — | — | 10,724 | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other expense (8) | — | 2,025 | * | — | 2,025 | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Gain) loss on sale of equity method investment | — | (800) | * | — | 26,187 | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proportional share of EBITDA adjustments to equity method investees | 45 | 45 | — | 135 | 1,873 | (92.8) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 117,981 | $ | 52,568 | 124.4% | $ | 282,874 | $ | 44,868 | * | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Ethanol production includes $67.2 million and $183.7 million of Section 45Z production tax credits net of discounts and other costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, and $25.0 million of Section 45Z production tax credits net of discounts and other costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, recorded as a reduction of cost of goods sold.
(2)Ethanol production includes margins from a one-time sale of accumulated RINs of $22.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.
(3)Depreciation and amortization for agribusiness and energy services includes impairment of property and equipment of $3.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.
(4)Ethanol production includes $65.4 million and $179.3 million of Section 45Z production tax credits recorded net of discounts, other costs and selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, and $25.0 million of Section 45Z production tax credits recorded net of discounts, other costs and selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.
(5)Ethanol production includes impairment of assets held for sale of $10.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.
(6)Corporate activities includes $1.5 million and $13.5 million of restructuring costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, as a result of the company's cost reduction initiative, including severance related to the departure of its former CEO.
(7)Corporate activities include a pretax gain on sale of assets, net of $36.0 million and $32.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively.
(8)Other expense includes non-cash expense related to the revaluation of liability-based warrants recorded in other, net on the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.
*Percentage variance not considered meaningful.
3
GREEN PLAINS INC.
SELECTED OPERATING DATA
(unaudited, in thousands)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Var. | 2026 | 2025 | % Var. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ethanol production | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ethanol (gallons) | 174,881 | 197,264 | (11.3)% | 509,777 | 586,163 | (13.0)% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distillers grains (equivalent dried tons) | 357 | 417 | (14.4) | 1,042 | 1,247 | (16.4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ultra-High Protein (tons) | 49 | 71 | (31.0) | 152 | 205 | (25.9) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Renewable corn oil (pounds) | 64,174 | 72,345 | (11.3) | 180,982 | 201,839 | (10.3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corn consumed (bushels) | 58,619 | 66,601 | (12.0) | 171,979 | 198,177 | (13.2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agribusiness and energy services (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ethanol sold (gallons) | 190,850 | 210,473 | (9.3) | 547,755 | 691,897 | (20.8) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Includes gallons from the ethanol production segment.
GREEN PLAINS INC.
CONSOLIDATED CRUSH MARGIN
(unaudited, in thousands)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| Ethanol production operating income | $ | 99,027 | $ | 30,895 | |||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 22,779 | 23,868 | |||||||||
| Adjusted ethanol production operating income | 121,806 | 54,763 | |||||||||
| Intercompany fees, net | |||||||||||
Intercompany fees and nonethanol operating activities, net (1) | 1,013 | 4,845 | |||||||||
| Consolidated ethanol crush margin | $ | 122,819 | $ | 59,608 | |||||||
(1) Includes certain nonrecurring decommissioning costs and nonethanol operating activities of ($2.5) million and $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
4
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of September 30, 2026, Green Plains had $225.1 million in total cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, and $290.0 million available under a committed revolving credit facility, which is subject to restrictions and other lending conditions. Total debt outstanding at September 30, 2026 was $477.7 million, including $22.7 million outstanding debt under working capital revolvers and other short-term borrowing arrangements.
Conference Call Information
On November 5, 2026, Green Plains Inc. will host a conference call at 4:30 p.m. Eastern time (3:30 p.m. Central time) to discuss third quarter 2026 operating results. Domestic and international participants can access the conference call by dialing 833.461.5787 and 585.542.9983, respectively, and referencing conference ID 198456298. Participants are advised to call at least 10 minutes prior to the start time. Alternatively, the conference call and presentation will be accessible on Green Plains website https://investor.gpreinc.com/events-and-presentations.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Management uses EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, segment EBITDA and consolidated ethanol crush margins to measure the company’s financial performance and to internally manage its businesses. EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization excluding the change in right-of-use assets and debt issuance costs. Adjusted EBITDA includes adjustments related to restructuring costs, loss on sale of assets, impairment of assets held for sale, loss on sale of equity method investment and our proportional share of EBITDA adjustments of our equity method investees. Management believes these measures provide useful information to investors for comparison with peer and other companies. These measures should not be considered alternatives to net income or segment operating income, which are determined in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). These non-GAAP calculations may vary from company to company. Accordingly, the company’s computation of adjusted EBITDA, segment EBITDA and consolidated ethanol crush margins may not be comparable with similarly titled measures of another company.
About Green Plains Inc.
Green Plains Inc. (NASDAQ: GPRE) is a leading producer of low-carbon biofuels and value-added products. The company operates a disciplined, performance-driven platform focused on maximizing yield, lowering carbon intensity, and delivering value to stakeholders. Built at scale and designed to perform across market conditions, Green Plains is focused on delivering consistent performance through operational excellence and disciplined execution. For more information, visit www.gpreinc.com.
Forward-Looking Statements
All statements in this press release (and oral statements made regarding the subjects of this communication), including those that express a belief, expectation or intention, may be considered forward-looking statements (as defined in Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended, and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from projected results. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, forward-looking statements contained in this communication include statements relying on a number of assumptions concerning future events and are subject to a number of uncertainties and factors, many of which are outside the control of the company, which could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. The forward-looking statements may include, but are not limited to the expected future growth, dividends and distributions; and plans and objectives of management for future operations. Forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as “believe,” “intend,” “expect,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “anticipate,” “could,” “estimate,” “plan,” “predict,” “project” and variations of these words or similar expressions (or the negative versions of such words or expressions). While the company believes that the assumptions concerning future events are reasonable, it cautions that there are inherent difficulties in predicting certain important factors that could impact the future performance or results of its business. Among the factors that could cause results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements are: the failure to realize the anticipated results from the new products being developed or new technologies being deployed; the failure to realize the anticipated selling, general and administrative expense savings from restructuring; local, regional and national economic conditions and the impact they may have on the company and its customers; disruption caused by health epidemics; conditions in the ethanol and biofuels industry, including a sustained decrease in the level of supply or demand for ethanol and biofuels or a sustained decrease in the price of ethanol or biofuels, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein, and renewable corn oil; competition in the ethanol industry and other industries in which we operate; commodity market risks, including those that may result from weather conditions, changes in government policies, and global political or economic issues; the financial condition of the company’s customers and counterparties; any non-performance by customers and counterparties of their contractual obligations; changes in safety, health, environmental and other governmental policy and regulation, including changes to tax laws such as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, tariffs, renewable fuel programs, tax credit programs, and low carbon programs; risks related to acquisition and disposition activities and achieving anticipated results; risks associated with merchant
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trading; the results of any reviews, investigations or other proceedings by government authorities; the performance of the company; and other factors detailed in reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. The forward-looking statements in this press release speak only as of the date they are made and the company assumes no obligation and does not intend to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by securities and other applicable laws. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and assumptions about future events. While the company’s management considers these expectations and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory and other risks, contingencies and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond the company’s control. These risks, contingencies and uncertainties relate to, among other matters, the risks and uncertainties set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the SEC, and any subsequent reports filed by the company with the SEC. These filings identify and address other important risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events and results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements.
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GREEN PLAINS INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands)
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| (unaudited) | |||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 159,987 | $ | 182,319 | |||||||
| Restricted cash | 65,078 | 47,813 | |||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | 90,673 | 74,374 | |||||||||
| Inventories | 146,910 | 148,095 | |||||||||
| Production tax credits | 209,851 | 40,328 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other | 14,701 | 18,117 | |||||||||
| Derivative financial instruments | 20,120 | 11,494 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 707,320 | 522,540 | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 909,104 | 957,256 | |||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | 62,725 | 63,849 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 48,979 | 41,242 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 1,728,128 | $ | 1,584,887 | |||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 88,809 | $ | 134,912 | |||||||
| Accrued and other liabilities | 59,154 | 39,427 | |||||||||
| Unearned revenue | 27,346 | 27,401 | |||||||||
| Derivative financial instruments | 15,153 | 7,901 | |||||||||
| Operating lease current liabilities | 23,504 | 21,557 | |||||||||
| Short-term notes payable and other borrowings | 22,686 | 33,584 | |||||||||
| Current maturities of long-term debt | 69,731 | 3,924 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 306,383 | 268,706 | |||||||||
| Long-term debt | 385,311 | 361,992 | |||||||||
| Operating lease long-term liabilities | 40,343 | 43,648 | |||||||||
| Carbon equipment liabilities | 13,278 | 104,217 | |||||||||
| Other liabilities | 27,596 | 34,353 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 772,911 | 812,916 | |||||||||
| Stockholders' equity | |||||||||||
| Total Green Plains stockholders' equity | 955,170 | 766,247 | |||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | 47 | 5,724 | |||||||||
| Total stockholders' equity | 955,217 | 771,971 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 1,728,128 | $ | 1,584,887 | |||||||
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GREEN PLAINS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited, in thousands except per share amounts)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 495,990 | $ | 508,487 | $ | 1,388,018 | $ | 1,662,831 | |||||||||||||||
| Costs and expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization expenses reflected below) | 353,182 | 429,800 | 1,044,234 | 1,539,535 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 26,641 | 29,335 | 67,885 | 99,852 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of assets, net | — | (36,006) | — | (31,962) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expenses | 23,574 | 24,968 | 70,660 | 74,915 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of assets held for sale | — | — | — | 10,724 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total costs and expenses | 403,397 | 448,097 | 1,182,779 | 1,693,064 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 92,593 | 60,390 | 205,239 | (30,233) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 1,656 | 1,089 | 6,025 | 2,726 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (8,090) | (47,763) | (27,705) | (70,575) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other, net | 88 | (2,673) | 756 | (4,227) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total other expense | (6,346) | (49,347) | (20,924) | (72,076) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes and income (loss) from equity method investees | 86,247 | 11,043 | 184,315 | (102,309) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (expense) benefit | (700) | (883) | 1,869 | (3,283) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from equity method investees, net of income taxes | 25 | 814 | 59 | (28,302) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 85,572 | $ | 10,974 | $ | 186,243 | $ | (133,894) | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 136 | (952) | 720 | (676) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains | $ | 85,436 | $ | 11,926 | $ | 185,523 | $ | (133,218) | |||||||||||||||
| Earnings per share | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains - basic | $ | 1.23 | $ | 0.17 | $ | 2.68 | $ | (1.99) | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Green Plains - diluted | $ | 1.03 | $ | 0.17 | $ | 2.27 | $ | (1.99) | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 69,735 | 69,855 | 69,233 | 66,826 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 85,505 | 77,869 | 85,063 | 66,826 | |||||||||||||||||||
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GREEN PLAINS INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited, in thousands)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 186,243 | $ | (133,894) | |||||||
| Noncash operating adjustments | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 70,660 | 74,915 | |||||||||
| Gain on sale of assets, net | — | (31,962) | |||||||||
| Impairment of assets held for sale | — | 10,724 | |||||||||
| Amortization of debt issuance costs and non-cash interest expense | 1,960 | 9,691 | |||||||||
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | — | 35,654 | |||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | (1,923) | 5,983 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 6,238 | 13,728 | |||||||||
| (Income) loss from equity method investees, net of income taxes | (59) | 28,302 | |||||||||
| Other | (497) | 9,125 | |||||||||
| Net change in working capital | (215,272) | 21,257 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 47,350 | 43,523 | |||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment, net | (29,043) | (31,864) | |||||||||
| Proceeds from the sale of assets | 2,000 | 184,249 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from the sale of equity method investment | — | 23,500 | |||||||||
| Investment in equity method investees | — | (4,909) | |||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (27,043) | 170,976 | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||||||
| Net payments - long term debt | (5,242) | (132,133) | |||||||||
| Net payments - short-term borrowings | (10,898) | (96,286) | |||||||||
| Net proceeds from product financing arrangement | — | 20,895 | |||||||||
| Purchase of minority interests | (4,700) | — | |||||||||
| Other | (4,534) | (4,745) | |||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (25,374) | (212,269) | |||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (5,067) | 2,230 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period | 230,132 | 209,395 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 225,065 | $ | 211,625 | |||||||
| Reconciliation of total cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 159,987 | $ | 135,903 | |||||||
| Restricted cash | 65,078 | 75,722 | |||||||||
| Total cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash | $ | 225,065 | $ | 211,625 | |||||||
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GREEN PLAINS INC.
RECONCILIATIONS TO NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
(unaudited, in thousands)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 85,572 | $ | 10,974 | $ | 186,243 | $ | (133,894) | |||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 8,090 | 47,763 | 27,705 | 70,575 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit), net of equity method income taxes | 700 | 890 | (1,869) | 2,610 | |||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization (1) | 23,574 | 24,968 | 70,660 | 74,915 | |||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | 117,936 | 84,595 | 282,739 | 14,206 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring costs | — | 2,709 | — | 21,815 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of assets, net | — | (36,006) | — | (31,962) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of assets held for sale | — | — | — | 10,724 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other expense (2) | — | 2,025 | — | 2,025 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Gain) loss on sale of equity method investment | — | (800) | — | 26,187 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Proportional share of EBITDA adjustments to equity method investees | 45 | 45 | 135 | 1,873 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 117,981 | $ | 52,568 | $ | 282,874 | $ | 44,868 | |||||||||||||||
(1) Excludes amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets and amortization of debt issuance costs.
(2) Other expense includes non-cash expense related to the revaluation of liability-based warrants recorded within other, net on the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.
Green Plains Inc. Contacts
Investors: Will Joekel, CFA | Vice President, Investor Relations and Treasurer | 402.952.4946 | will.joekel@gpreinc.com
Media: 402.884.8700 | media@gpreinc.com
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