| (a) | Amount beneficially owned:
(i) Immediately following the execution of the Securities Purchase Agreement with the Issuer on August 8, 2025 (the "SPA") (as disclosed in the Form 8-K filed by the Issuer with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 11, 2025), each of the Reporting Persons may have been deemed to have beneficial ownership of 1,519,928 shares of Common Stock, which consisted of (i) 1,176,472 shares of Common Stock to be issued to Intracoastal at the closing of the transaction contemplated by the SPA and (ii) 343,456 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a warrant to be issued to Intracoastal at the closing of the transaction contemplated by the SPA ("Intracoastal Warrant 1"), and all such shares of Common Stock represent beneficial ownership of approximately 9.99% of the Common Stock, based on (1) 13,694,570 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of August 8, 2025, as reported by the Issuer, plus (2) 1,176,472 shares of Common Stock to be issued to Intracoastal at the closing of the transaction contemplated by the SPA and (3) 343,456 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 1. The foregoing excludes (I) 2,597,724 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 1 because Intracoastal Warrant 1 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 1 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 9.99% of the Common Stock, (II) 212,766 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a warrant held by Intracoastal ("Intracoastal Warrant 2") because Intracoastal Warrant 2 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 2 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock, (III) 175,532 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a second warrant held by Intracoastal ("Intracoastal Warrant 3") because Intracoastal Warrant 3 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 3 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock and (IV) 745,342 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a third warrant held by Intracoastal ("Intracoastal Warrant 4") because Intracoastal Warrant 4 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 4 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock. Without such blocker provisions, each of the Reporting Persons may have been deemed to have beneficial ownership of 5,251,292 shares of Common Stock.
(ii) As of the close of business on August 15, 2025, each of the Reporting Persons may have been deemed to have beneficial ownership of 2,143,418 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 1, and all such shares of Common Stock represent beneficial ownership of approximately 9.99% of the Common Stock, based on (1) 13,694,570 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of August 8, 2025, as reported by the Issuer, plus (2) 5,617,648 shares of Common Stock issued at the closing of the transaction contemplated by the SPA and (3) 2,143,418 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 1. The foregoing excludes (I) 797,762 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 1 because Intracoastal Warrant 1 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 1 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 9.99% of the Common Stock, (II) 212,766 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 2 because Intracoastal Warrant 2 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 2 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock, (III) 175,532 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 3 because Intracoastal Warrant 3 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 3 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock and (IV) 745,342 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 4 because Intracoastal Warrant 4 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 4 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock. Without such blocker provisions, each of the Reporting Persons may have been deemed to have beneficial ownership of 4,074,820 shares of Common Stock. |