Intuitive Machines (LUNR) details Moon-first space infrastructure and key risks
Filing Impact
Filing Sentiment
Form Type
10-K
Intuitive Machines, Inc. describes itself as a space infrastructure and services company focused on enabling sustained human and robotic activity beyond Earth. It builds spacecraft and landers, connects them through communications and data networks, and operates them as infrastructure across low Earth orbit, geostationary orbit, cislunar space, and deep space.
The company follows a “Build–Connect–Operate” and Moon‑first strategy, leveraging NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services, Near Space Network awards, Lunar Terrain Vehicle work, and national security contracts such as Space Development Agency tracking layers. Recent acquisitions of KinetX and Lanteris expand satellite manufacturing, deep‑space navigation, and GEO communications capabilities.
Intuitive Machines highlights significant risks, including heavy dependence on U.S. government customers, high customer concentration, a history of net operating losses and potential capital needs, integration risks from acquisitions, launch and mission failures, supply‑chain constraints, cybersecurity threats, stringent export controls, and the emerging, uncertain nature of commercial cislunar and lunar markets.
Positive
- None.
Negative
- None.
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
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(Mark One)
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the transition period from ______ to ______
Commission file number 001-40823
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(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||||||||
| (Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) | ||||||||||
(281 ) 520-3703
Registrant's telephone number, including area code
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. o
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2025, based on the closing price of $10.87 for shares of the registrant’s Class A Common Stock as reported by the Nasdaq Stock Market, was approximately $1.3 billion.
As of March 11, 2026, the Registrant had 159,372,567 shares of Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value, 0 shares of Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value, and 57,428,185 shares of Class C common stock, $0.0001 par value, outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is to be filed no later than 120 days after December 31, 2025, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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INTUITIVE MACHINES, INC.
Table of Contents
| Page | |||||
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS | i | ||||
SUMMARY RISK FACTORS | iii | ||||
PART I | |||||
Item 1. Business | 1 | ||||
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 9 | ||||
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments | 31 | ||||
Item 1C. Cybersecurity | 32 | ||||
Item 2. Properties | 33 | ||||
Item 3. Legal Proceedings | 33 | ||||
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 34 | ||||
PART II | |||||
Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s, Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 35 | ||||
Item 6. Reserved | 35 | ||||
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 36 | ||||
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 51 | ||||
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 52 | ||||
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 101 | ||||
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures | 101 | ||||
Item 9B. Other Information | 102 | ||||
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | 102 | ||||
PART III | |||||
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 103 | ||||
Item 11. Executive Compensation | 103 | ||||
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 103 | ||||
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence | 103 | ||||
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 103 | ||||
PART IV | |||||
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 104 | ||||
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary | 106 | ||||
Signatures | 107 | ||||
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Each of the terms the “Company,” “Intuitive Machines,” “IM,” “we,” “us,” or “our” and similar terms used herein refer collectively to Intuitive Machines, Inc. (formerly known as Inflection Point Acquisition Corp or “IPAX”) and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise stated.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”) contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“the Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Annual Report are forward-looking statements. Such statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. When used in this Annual Report, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “strive,” “would,” “strategy,” “outlook,” the negative of these words or other similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to statements regarding our expectations and plans relating to our missions to the Moon and other projects, including the expected timing thereof and our progress and preparation thereof; our expectations with respect to, among other things, demand for our product portfolio, our submission of bids for contracts; our expectations regarding protests of government contracts awarded to us; our operations, our financial performance and our industry; our business strategy, business plan, and plans to drive long term sustainable shareholder value; and our expectations on revenue and cash generation. Our actual results, performance or achievements may differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, and you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The following important factors and uncertainties, among others, could cause actual outcomes or results to differ materially from those indicated by the forward-looking statements in this Annual Report:
•our reliance upon the efforts of our key personnel and Board of Directors (the “Board”) to be successful;
•as part of growing our business, we have made and may continue to make acquisitions. Any acquisitions, partnerships or joint ventures into which we enter subject to integration risks and could disrupt our operations;
•our failure to manage our growth effectively and failure to win new contracts;
•our ability to generate a sustainable order rate for the satellite and space operations and develop new technologies to meet the needs of our customers or potential new customers;
•our customer concentration;
•limited operating history;
•competition from existing or new companies;
•disruptions in U.S. government operations and funding, including government shutdowns;
•unsatisfactory safety performance of our spaceflight systems or security incidents at our facilities;
•failure of the market for commercial spaceflight to achieve the growth potential we expect;
•any delayed launches, launch failures, failure of landers to conduct all mission milestones, failure of our satellites to reach their planned orbital locations, failure of lunar landers to reach their planned locations, significant increases in the costs related to the launches of satellites and lunar landers, and insufficient capacity available from satellite developers and launch service providers;
•risks associated with commercial spaceflight, including any accident on launch or during the journey into space;
•risks associated with the handling, production and disposition of potentially explosive and ignitable energetic materials and other dangerous chemicals in our operations;
•our reliance on a limited number of suppliers for certain materials and supplied components, including a single launch service provider for our lunar missions;
•failure of our products to operate in the expected manner or defects in our sub-systems;
•the future revenue and operating results of the satellite integrated build capability are dependent on our ability to generate a sustainable order rate for the satellite and space operations and develop new technologies to meet the needs of our customers or potential new customers;
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•counterparty risks on customer contracts and failure of our prime contractors to maintain their relationships with their counterparties and fulfill their contractual obligations;
•failure to successfully defend protest from other bidders for government contracts;
•failure to comply with various laws and regulations relating to various aspects of our business, uncertainty in the regulatory environment and any changes in the funding levels of various governmental entities with which we do business;
•our failure to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets and unpatented know-how;
•our failure to comply with the terms of third-party open source software our systems utilize;
•our ability to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, and to address and remediate any material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting;
•we may use artificial intelligence (“AI”) in our business or systems, and challenges with properly managing its use could result in competitive and reputational harm;
•the U.S. government’s budget deficit and the national debt, as well as any inability of the U.S. government to complete its budget process for any government fiscal year that may result in government shutdowns or extended continuing resolution and our dependence on U.S. government contracts and the available funding or changing funding priorities by the U.S. government;
•our failure to comply with U.S. export and import control laws and regulations and U.S. economic sanctions and trade control laws and regulations;
•uncertain macro-economic and political conditions and elevated inflation and interest rates;
•our history of losses and failure to achieve profitability in the future or failure of our business to generate sufficient funds to continue operations;
•the cost and potential outcomes of pending and any future litigation;
•our public securities’ potential liquidity and trading;
•the sufficiency and anticipated use of our existing capital resources to fund our future operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements and needs for additional financing in light of our recent acquisitions; and
•other factors detailed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report.
These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this Annual Report and current expectations, forecasts, and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, risks, and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information.
We do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.
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SUMMARY RISK FACTORS
Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in the section entitled “Risk Factors” immediately following this Annual Report, that represent challenges that we face in connection with the successful implementation of our strategy and the growth of our business. In particular, the following considerations, among others, may offset our competitive strengths or have a negative effect on our business strategy, which could cause a decline in the price of shares of our Class A Common Stock and result in a loss of all or a portion of your investment:
•Our ability to be successful depends upon the efforts of our Board and our key personnel and the loss of such persons could negatively impact the operations and profitability of our business.
•As part of growing our business, we have made and may continue to make acquisitions. Any acquisitions, partnerships or joint ventures into which we enter subject us to integration risk and could disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
•If we fail to manage our growth effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan and our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be harmed.
•We have a history of net operating losses and may not achieve profitability in the future. We may need additional capital to fund our operations. If we fail to obtain additional capital, we may be unable to sustain operations.
•The future revenue and operating results of the satellite integrated build capability are dependent on our ability to generate a sustainable order rate for the satellite and space operations and develop new technologies to meet the needs of our customers or potential new customers.
•Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter.
•Customer concentration creates risks for our business.
•Competition from existing or new companies could cause us to experience downward pressure on prices, fewer customer work orders, reduced margins, the inability to take advantage of new business opportunities, and the loss of market share.
•Disruptions in U.S. government operations and funding, including government shutdowns, could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be harmed.
•Unsatisfactory safety performance of our spaceflight systems or security incidents at our facilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
•If any of our systems, the systems of any critical Third Parties upon which we rely or our customers’ systems are, or appear to be, breached, damaged, or if unauthorized processing of customer or third-party data is otherwise performed, public perception of our products services may be harmed, and we may lose business and incur losses or liabilities.
•The market for commercial spaceflight is still emerging and may not achieve the growth potential we expect or may grow more slowly than expected.
•We may experience delayed launches, launch failures, failure of lunar landers to reach their planned locations, failure of landers to conduct all mission milestones, significant increases in the costs related to launches of lunar landers, and insufficient capacity available from lunar lander launch providers. Any such issue could result in the loss of our lunar landers or cause significant delays in their deployment, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
•We may experience delayed satellite launches, failure of our satellites to reach their planned orbital locations, significant increases in production costs of our satellites. Any such issue could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
•We rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain materials and supplied components, including a single launch provider for our lunar missions. We may not be able to obtain sufficient materials or supplied components to meet our manufacturing and operating needs, or obtain such materials on favorable terms.
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•Our revenue, results of operations and reputation may be negatively impacted if our products contain defects or fail to operate in the expected manner.
•Rising inflation and costs may materially impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
•We are dependent on technology and automated systems to operate our business.
•We may use artificial intelligence (“AI”) in our business or systems, and challenges with properly managing its use could result in competitive and reputational harm and negatively impact the operations and profitability of our business.
•If our prime contractors fail to maintain their relationships with their counterparties and fulfill their contractual obligations, our performance as a subcontractor and our ability to obtain future business could be materially and adversely impacted and our actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
•We are subject to counterparty risk on contracts with our customers. If a counterparty to one of our contracts were to default or otherwise fail to perform or be delayed in its performance on any of its contractual obligations to us, such default, failure to perform or delay could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation, and financial condition.
•If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets and know-how, our business and competitive position may be harmed.
•Our business with various governmental entities is subject to the policies, priorities, regulations, mandates and funding levels of such governmental entities and may be negatively or positively impacted by any change thereto.
•We are subject to stringent U.S. export and import control laws and regulations and U.S. economic sanctions and trade control laws and regulations.
•Our systems utilize third-party open source software, and any failure to comply with the terms of one or more of these open source software licenses could adversely affect our business, subject us to litigation, or create potential liability.
•We depend significantly on U.S. government contracts, which often are only partially funded, subject to immediate termination, and heavily regulated and audited.
•Our indebtedness could expose us to risks that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
•Our business and operations could be negatively affected if it becomes subject to certain claims, litigation or shareholder activism, which could, among other things, cause us to incur significant expense, negatively impact our reputation, hinder execution of business and growth strategy and impact our stock price.
•Our principal asset is our interest in Intuitive Machines, LLC, and, accordingly, we will depend on distributions from Intuitive Machines, LLC to pay our taxes and expenses, including payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, and to pay dividends. Intuitive Machines, LLC’s ability to make such distributions may be subject to various limitations and restrictions.
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PART I
Item 1. Business
Description of our Business
Intuitive Machines, Inc., collectively with its subsidiaries (the “Company,” “IM,” “Intuitive Machines,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is a space infrastructure and services company founded in 2013 and focused on enabling sustained infrastructure and human activity beyond Earth. We believe the United States is transitioning from episodic space missions to long-duration operations and persistent presence, and we are building the systems and services required to support this evolution across civil, national security, and commercial markets.
We build spacecraft, connect space-based networks, and operate infrastructure as-a-service that support operations across low Earth orbit (“LEO”), geostationary orbit (“GEO”), cislunar space, and deep-space. Our strategy is to evolve space activity from single-mission execution toward continuously operating infrastructure by combining spacecraft delivery with network connectivity and long-term operations. We believe this approach positions us to support enduring government requirements while enabling the development of a commercial space economy.
On September 16, 2022, Inflection Point Acquisition Corp. (“IPAX”) entered into a business combination agreement with Intuitive Machines, LLC. On February 10, 2023, IPAX domesticated into a Delaware corporation and changed its name to “Intuitive Machines, Inc.” in connection with the domestication, Intuitive Machines, Inc. became a holding company whose principal assets are the Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units.
On October 1, 2025, the Company completed the stock purchase agreement to acquire 100% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of KinetX, Inc (“KinetX”).
On January 13, 2026, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Lanteris Space Holdings LLC (“Lanteris”).
For further description of these recent acquisitions, see Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – “Recent Developments”.
Our Business Strategy
From Missions to Infrastructure
Historically, space activity has relied on custom systems designed for finite missions. Our strategy is to build systems that can be deployed as missions, connected into broader networks, and operated as shared infrastructure over extended lifecycles. We believe this transition from missions to infrastructure is central to achieving sustained presence in space and to unlocking recurring service opportunities.
Our operating model is organized around three integrated capabilities:
•Build — designing, manufacturing, and delivering spacecraft, landers, satellites, surface systems, propulsion, and avionics for government and commercial customers;
•Connect — integrating deployed assets into communications, navigation, command and control, and data relay networks that enable persistent connectivity; and
•Operate — providing mission operations, hosted payload services, data services, navigation and timing capabilities, and other infrastructure-based offerings.
We believe that operating deployed systems as infrastructure, rather than concluding at delivery, creates opportunities for longer-duration contracts, recurring revenue, and margin expansion over time.
Moon-First Strategy
We are initially focused on the Moon and cislunar space, where U.S. civil and national security policy, funding, and urgency are converging. The Moon is increasingly recognized as a strategic operating environment, supporting exploration, science, national security objectives, and future commercial activity.
Operating at the Moon requires end-to-end, flight-proven capability across precision landing, deep-space communications, navigation, surface operations, and autonomous mission management. Our lunar missions under NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services (“CLPS”) initiative required us to develop integrated systems. We believe this capability positions us to operate persistently in one of the most demanding environments in space.
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We further believe that demonstrating sustained operations at the Moon establishes a technical and operational foundation that can be applied inward to Earth orbit and outward to Mars. While future opportunities depend on customer demand and funding, we view lunar operations as a proving ground for scalable space infrastructure.
Growth Through Operations and Services
While building and delivering spacecraft remains an important component of our business, our longer-term strategy emphasizes operating infrastructure and providing services enabled by connected assets. These services include data relay, communications, navigation and timing, mission operations, and hosted payload support for multiple users.
We believe that transitioning from milestone-based mission delivery to service-based offerings may support more predictable, recurring revenue and higher margins over time. The timing, scale, and profitability of these services depend on successful mission execution, customer adoption, and continued demand across civil, defense, and commercial markets. We believe that the Lanteris acquisition will help accelerate these growth opportunities.
Total Addressable Market
The Company’s total addressable market spans the full space value chain and includes:
•Earth-based ground stations and mission operations infrastructure
•Satellites operating in LEO, GEO and cislunar space
•Cislunar and lunar-orbit communications and navigation systems and space stations
•Lunar landers delivering payloads, cargo, and infrastructure
•Lunar surface infrastructure, including mobility systems, power systems and autonomous operations
•Space robotic systems
•Future deep-space missions extending to Mars and beyond
We believe the Build-Connect-Operate business strategy enables participation across this entire value chain.
Our Customers and Partners
We are an integral partner to our customers and partners. We execute on our commitments and develop end-to-end mission solutions for our commercial, civil and national security customers.
Our customers include, but are not limited to:
U.S. Government
•NASA. We are partnered with and service NASA by building power and propulsion spacecraft, connected data services, operating mobility infrastructure, lunar cargo delivery and other Artemis-related contracts. In 2019, NASA awarded us a contract to develop and construct the power and propulsion element for the agency’s lunar Gateway (the contract was awarded to Lanteris prior to the consummation of the Lanteris acquisition (as further discussed herein)). Through strategic acquisition, Intuitive Machines is providing advanced deep-space navigation services for multiple NASA Artemis-related missions. We are one of two awardees for NASA’s Near Space Network Direct-to-Earth data services to the lunar vicinity (1.2) and beyond the lunar vicinity (1.3). We are also the sole awardee for the Near Space Network’s data relay services (2.2), which will provide a constellation of satellites around the Moon to provide communications and navigation services. Intuitive Machines is one of three prime contractors for NASA’s developing Lunar Terrain Vehicle contract, that includes building the company’s heavy cargo lunar lander spacecraft. Through the agency’s CLPS initiative, Intuitive Machines has secured four lunar surface cargo delivery contracts. The first of four CLPS contracts delivered cargo to the Moon’s south pole in 2024 and the second mission was in 2025.
•National Security Space. Intuitive Machines continues to support the Space Development Agency (SDA) Proliferated Warfighter Space Architecture (PWSA). The PWSA consists of hundreds of optically linked small satellites in LEO, delivering rapid capability to warfighters. In 2022, our subsidiary was selected to build 16 satellite buses for its customer, L3Harris Technologies (L3Harris), which will be used to detect and track missile threats in real time using infrared sensors. Since 2022, we have begun delivery of these satellite buses in connection with SDA’s Tranche 1 Tracking Layer program (the contract was awarded to Lanteris prior to the consummation of the Lanteris acquisition). In 2024, we were selected for 18 additional spacecraft platforms and
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associated support for SDA’s Tranche 2 Tracking Layer program, building on its existing contract for the Tranche 1 Tracking Layer, awarded in 2022 (the contract was awarded to Lanteris prior to the consummation of the Lanteris acquisition). In 2025, Intuitive Machines received an indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contract from the Missile Defense Agency for the Scalable Homeland Innovative Enterprise Layered Defense (SHIELD) program. The SHIELD award positions Intuitive Machines to bid on future tasks and services that support the expansive U.S. defense initiative, which covers a broad range of work to strengthen defense against threats from land, sea, air, cyberspace, and space.
•U.S. Department of Defense. In 2023, we won our first significant award with the U.S. DoD Air Force Research Laboratory, the JETSON Low Power contract to design a stealth-like satellite, followed by the JETSON Stirling Technology Space Research Experiment (“START”) contract.
•State Governments. Many state governments are investing in space economy development, recognizing this as an emerging market with opportunities for growth for their constituents. With facilities in Texas, California, Arizona, Maryland, and Colorado we are actively engaged in partnering with state governments to expand our capabilities for economic growth.
Commercial
Our lunar cargo delivery missions include commercial customers including, Columbia Sportswear Company, Nokia Corporation, Aegis Aerospace, AstroForge, Jeff Koons, International Lunar Observatory Association, Galactic Legacy Labs, Lonestar Data Holdings and Lunar Outpost.
The Company, through its recently acquired subsidiary, Lanteris, is a world leader in commercial GEO communication satellites and a global leader in commercial satellite manufacturing. With over three decades of on-orbit performance, the 1300-class spacecraft platform is the world’s most popular GEO satellite with over 95 spacecraft still operational and in service. Key platform features include a scalable, lightweight and high-strength structure, fuel-efficient attitude and station-keeping subsystems. A growing application for commercial geostationary communication satellites is the delivery of data-centric applications, such as consumer broadband, in-flight communication, maritime and 4G/5G cellular backhaul, via high-capacity spot beam satellites commonly referred to as high-throughput satellites (“HTS”). Lanteris introduced the first HTS satellite in 2005, which used the 1300-class bus. Lanteris built JUPITER 3, a transformational Ultra High Density Satellite, for Hughes Network Systems to be designated EchoStar XXIV. This satellite is the world’s largest commercial communications satellite built in the U.S. and powers Hughes Network Systems’ consumer, enterprise, and aeronautical services across the Americas. In addition, Lanteris manufactured a constellation of advanced high-resolution Earth-imaging satellites for Vantor Inc., using its 500-class spacecraft platform.
International
Our global customers include national space agencies in Europe and Asia. Our lunar cargo delivery international customers include, Dymon Corporation, Puli Space, and German Aerospace Center. In addition, we also build geostationary satellites for numerous international telecommunications customers.
Our Partners
Our global-reaching partnerships are integral to our Build-Connect-Operate business strategy. Intuitive Machines is developing its Lunar Terrain Vehicle for NASA through its global partnership team including, AVL, Boeing, CSIRO, Fugro, Michelin, Northrop Grumman, and Roush. The Company has connected its ground data network with partners including CSIRO, Goonhilly Earth Station Ltd., and FUGRO. In addition, in December 2025, the Company signed a strategic cooperation agreement to advance interoperable infrastructures and provide communications and navigation services in support of lunar exploration with international partners, Leonardo, and Telespazio.
Our Services and Solutions
We are a space infrastructure and services company focused on enabling sustained infrastructure and human activity beyond Earth. We design, build, integrate, and operate space systems and infrastructure supporting civil, national security, and commercial customers across LEO, GEO, cislunar space, and deep space.
Our strategy is to evolve space activity from discrete, mission-specific systems toward continuously operating infrastructure by combining spacecraft delivery, persistent connectivity, and long-duration operations. We organize our business around an integrated Build–Connect–Operate operating model, which reflects how our systems are developed, deployed, and, where applicable, operated over time.
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While many of our current contracts remain mission-based and milestone-driven, we design systems with the intent to support extended operations and future service opportunities as deployed assets become connected and operational infrastructure.
Build
Spacecraft, Satellites, and Surface Systems
Build encompasses the design, manufacture, integration, testing, and delivery of spacecraft, satellites, landers, surface systems, and related technologies. These activities are primarily conducted under government and commercial contracts that provide funding to develop and deploy space systems that may serve as long-lived assets. Our build capabilities include flight-proven spacecraft platforms, high-rate satellite manufacturing, propulsion and power systems, avionics, autonomy software, and systems engineering supporting operations in LEO, GEO, cislunar orbit, interplanetary, and deep-space.
Representative Programs and Contracts
Civil Space:
•NASA CLPS missions, including our IM-3 and IM-4 lunar delivery missions
•NASA Lunar Terrain Vehicle (“LTV”) system and heavy cargo lunar lander development and demonstration missions
•NASA Gateway Power and Propulsion Element (“PPE”) satellite development
•Fission Surface Power (“FSP”) system development activities
National Security Space:
•Space Development Agency (“SDA”) Tranche 1, 2 and 3, and future transport and tracking layer satellite production
•National security satellite programs based on the IM 300, IM 500, and IM 1300 spacecraft series
•Orbital transfer vehicle development and mobility systems
•JETSON Low Power contract to design a stealth-like satellite
Commercial:
•GEO communications satellite manufacturing programs, including flexible payload and replacement architectures
•Commercial satellite production and hosted payload integration activities
•Commercial customers on our lunar surface cargo delivery contracts
These build contracts generate the majority of our near-term revenue and provide the foundation for subsequent network integration and operational services
Connect
Persistent Communications and Data Networks
Connect encompasses the integration of deployed spacecraft and systems into command, control, communications, navigation, and data relay networks that enable persistent connectivity across the space domain. Our connect capabilities include ground network services, lunar and deep-space communications, constellation networking, and network integration. These capabilities allow delivered systems to transition from standalone mission assets into connected infrastructure capable of sustained operations, data transmission, and multi-user access.
Representative Programs and Contracts
Civil Space:
•NASA Near Space Network (“NSN”) services ground network and data relay services
•Lunar Data Relay satellite system development and deployment
National Security Space:
•Space domain awareness and tracking network connectivity
•Constellation management and navigation support services
Commercial:
•Future commercial ground station services and data transport
•Hosted payload data relay and network access services
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Connect activities support both contract-based service revenue and enable future infrastructure operations by providing persistent access to deployed assets and data.
Operate
Mission Operations and Infrastructure-as-a-Service
Operate encompasses mission operations and infrastructure-enabled services delivered using deployed and connected assets. These offerings include spacecraft and mission operations, navigation and timing services, hosted payload data services, autonomous system management, and resilient infrastructure support. Our operate activities are intended to extend the value of deployed systems beyond initial mission objectives and support the development of longer-duration, service-based offerings with recurring revenue characteristics over time.
Representative Programs and Contracts
Civil Space:
•Mission operations for lunar delivery and surface systems
•Fission Surface Power surface operations and utility services
National Security Space:
•Persistent constellation operations and mission support
•Alternative positioning, navigation, and timing (“PNT”) services
•Space domain awareness operations and data services
Commercial:
•Hosted payload operations and data services
•Mission operations and constellation management for commercial satellite operators
Our Competition
Competition in our addressable market is mainly divided between incumbents, such as Lockheed Martin and Blue Origin who pursue larger, more complex contracts such as crewed lunar missions, and next generation players, including our competitors on the CLPS contract such as Astrobotic and Firefly Aerospace. Competitors for the next phases of LTVS include Lunar Outpost and Astrolab Venturi and our competitors for the NSN contract included Kongsberg Satellite Services (“KSAT”), Swedish Space Corporation (“SSC”), and Telespazio. Competitors of the Company’s recently acquired subsidiary, Lanteris, include, with respect to civil space missions various companies including BAE Systems, Blue Origin, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, SpaceX, and Voyager. For national security and defense market opportunities relevant to Lanteris, competitors include BAE Systems, K2 Space, Lockheed Martin, Millenium Space Systems, Northrop Grumman, Rocket Lab, and York Space Systems. Lanteris’ primary competitors for commercial geostationary satellite construction projects are Airbus, Astranis, Northrop Grumman, and ThalesAlenia Space.
Our Operations
Sales: Our sales organization operates directly and via our extensive customer and partner network, which spans across North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Our partner network consists of our rideshare delivery providers, lunar surface mobility providers, payload providers, communication satellite provider, and ground segment providers.
The main responsibilities for our sales organization include ensuring contract renewals, maintaining relationships and expanding business with existing customers and partners, and acquiring new customers. We have deep expertise in capture efforts with the government customers and have established processes to succeed with such customers. We leverage extensive existing relationships as well as our partner network and direct sales efforts to continue to win and grow business with commercial customers.
We work closely with our customers and partners to enable their success. Deeper adoption from our customers comes in many forms, including delivery of payloads to lunar orbit and the lunar surface, data and data relay services for users in the lunar vicinity, orbital services, lunar surface infrastructure, and space products and services.
Research and Development: Our research and development (“R&D”) team is integrated across our engineering organization to leverage the best engineers within each discipline and prevent stovepipes within our technology, yielding fully integrated systems that reduce time to market. Our R&D team is also responsible for developing and innovating our proprietary technology platforms. Our current and future business is dependent on developing new enhancements and technology that go into our existing and future products. We intend to continue our focus on research and development and
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product enhancements as a key strategy for innovation and growth. Our current areas of focus include enhancement of our Lanteris 300TM satellite bus and modernization of the Lanteris 1300TM satellite bus.
We also continue to invest in R&D, particularly as it relates to “survive the night” and our larger lander design to make our platform more accessible to a wider range of customers, as well as innovating our space technology to capture various types of data efficiently. Current priorities include advancing our pump and tank technologies to gain greater efficiencies and performance.
Marketing: Our marketing team utilizes a multi-channel approach to develop and increase our brand awareness, position and communicate the value of our differentiated offering, and develop engaging outbound demand-generation campaigns.
The team drives our overall market positioning and messaging across our key audiences and vertical markets, as well as provides strategic go-to-market assessments of use cases that emerge from new product capabilities and the market landscape. Our communications team works with targeted industry influencers and media outlets to drive interest through media channels, including blogs, social media, and video. This approach is important for our strategy to capture the entire market opportunity encompassing not only NASA and U.S. DoD, but also commercial aerospace and non-traditional customer segments engaged in partnership and content activity, who value brand activation from these engagements.
Supply Chain
Our ability to manufacture and operate our spacecraft is dependent upon sufficient availability of raw materials and supplied components including avionics, flight computers, radios, electrical power systems and fuel tanks. Disruptions in the supply of these materials or components could adversely affect our manufacturing schedules, mission timelines, and operating results.
We obtain raw materials and components from suppliers that we believe to be reputable and have established internal supplier qualification and quality control processes to consider quality, cost, delivery performance, and lead-time. We assign responsibility for quality at the program and functional leadership levels to help ensure that the supplied components and internally manufactured hardware meet the required quality standards and specifications. However, these controls may not prevent all quality issues, delays, or supply disruptions.
While we generally seek to source raw materials and components from multiple sources, certain materials and components are available from a limited number of qualified suppliers. In these situations, we face increased risk of supply disruption due to factors beyond our control, including capacity constraints, quality issues, geopolitical events, regulatory requirements, or supplier financial instability. The qualification of alternative suppliers may be time-consuming and costly and may not be feasible in all cases.
We seek to mitigate supply chain risks through, material requirements planning, including demand forecasting, safety stock strategies, and bulk and advance purchasing, particularly for long-lead items. Despite these efforts, supply chain disruptions could occur and may not be fully mitigated, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Also, for a further discussion on our supply chain risks, see Part I, Item 1A Risk Factors, “We rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain materials and supplied components. We may not be able to obtain sufficient materials or supplied components to meet our manufacturing and operating needs or obtain such materials on favorable terms.”
Human Capital
As of December 31, 2025, we had 525 employees throughout our operations, including the employees added through the acquisition of KinetX on October 1, 2025. On January 13, 2026, Intuitive Machines completed the acquisition of Lanteris. As a result of this transaction, we had approximately 1,695 employees across our combined operations.
At Intuitive Machines, our human capital management approach is grounded in our core RIDE values of Respect, Integrity, Dedication, and Excellence. These values guide how we operate as a space infrastructure company and inform how we work together to build spacecraft, connect networks, and operate mission-critical systems across the space domain. Our workforce is composed primarily of engineers, scientists, technicians, and business professionals who support the delivery of end-to-end mission solutions for civil, commercial, and national security customers.
We emphasize disciplined execution, technical rigor, accountability, and collaboration across teams and geographies. Operating in a high-consequence mission environment, our employees contribute across the full lifecycle of space infrastructure, from design and manufacturing to integration, mission operations, and lifecycle support.
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Attracting and Engaging Talent
We compete for talent in highly specialized and competitive technical fields, including but not limited to aerospace engineering, robotics, software, data science, manufacturing, and mission operations. Our people practices reflect the need to operate as one organization with shared standards and a unified purpose. We seek to foster a work environment that supports collaboration, knowledge-sharing, and alignment across disciplines, locations, and legacy organizations.
Total Rewards
Our total rewards programs include market-based compensation, performance-linked incentives, equity-based awards, and a comprehensive benefits portfolio. These programs are structured to support the attraction and retention of a highly skilled workforce and to align employee interests with company performance and long-term value creation. Compensation and benefits practices are administered in accordance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements across the jurisdictions in which we operate.
Workplace and Footprint
Our operations span multiple U.S. locations, including our lunar operations and production center in Houston, Texas; a mechanisms and robotics facility in Glen Burnie, Maryland; and engineering and data science offices in Phoenix, Arizona, among others. On October 1, 2025, we completed the acquisition of KinetX, expanding our operating footprint to include additional locations in Arizona, Colorado, and California. On January 13, 2026, we completed the acquisition of Lanteris, which significantly expanded our workforce and operating presence, primarily in California, along with additional engineering and manufacturing sites. Across our facilities, we maintain work environments intended to support collaboration, mission assurance, and the disciplined execution required to deliver reliable space infrastructure solutions at scale.
Intellectual Property
The protection of our technology and intellectual property is an important aspect of our business. We rely upon a combination of patents, trademarks, unpatented trade secrets, unpatented know-how, copyrights, license agreements, confidentiality procedures, contractual commitments and other legal rights to establish and protect our intellectual property. We enter into confidentiality agreements and invention or work product assignment agreements with our employees, suppliers, and consultants to protect, control access to, and clarify ownership of, our proprietary information and other intellectual property. We continually review and update our intellectual property portfolio to help ensure that we have adequate protections and rights.
Government and Environmental Regulations
Government Regulations
Compliance with various governmental regulations has an impact on our business, including our capital expenditures, earnings and competitive position, which can be material. We incur or will incur costs to monitor and take actions to comply with governmental regulations that are or will be applicable to our business, which include, among others, federal securities laws and regulations, applicable stock exchange requirements, export and import control, economic sanctions and trade embargo laws and restrictions and regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”), Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) and other government agencies in the United States.
We contract with U.S. government agencies and entities, principally NASA, which requires that we comply with various laws and regulations relating to the formation, administration and performance of contracts. U.S. government contracts are generally subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (the “FAR”), which sets forth policies, procedures and requirements for the acquisition of goods and services by the U.S. government, other agency-specific regulations that implement or supplement the FAR and other applicable laws and regulations. These regulations impose a broad range of requirements, many of which are unique to government contracting, including various procurement, import and export, security, contract pricing and cost, contract termination and adjustment and audit requirements. Depending on the contract, these laws and regulations require, among other things:
•certification and disclosure of all cost and pricing data in connection with certain contract negotiations;
•defining allowable and unallowable costs and otherwise govern our right to reimbursement under various cost-type U.S. government contracts;
•compliance with Cost Accounting Standards for U.S. government contracts (“CAS”);
•reviews by the Defense Contract Audit Agency (“DCAA”), Defense Contract Management Agency (“DCMA”) and other regulatory agencies for compliance with business systems requirements;
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•restricting the use and dissemination of and require the protection of unclassified contract-related information and information classified for national security purposes and the export of certain products and technical data; and
•prohibiting competing for work if an actual or potential organizational conflict of interest, as defined by these laws and regulations, related to such work exists and/or cannot be appropriately mitigated, neutralized or avoided.
We perform certain contracts under cost-reimbursable contracts with NASA and other U.S. governmental agencies. If the U.S. government concludes costs charged to a contract are not reimbursable under the terms of the contract or applicable procurement regulations, these costs are disallowed or, if already reimbursed, we may be required to refund the reimbursed amounts to the customer. Such conditions may also include interest and other financial penalties. If performance issues arise under any of our government contracts, the customer retains the right to pursue remedies, which could include termination under any affected contract. Generally, our customers have the contractual right to terminate or reduce the amount of work under our contracts at any time.
Further, our business is subject to, and we must comply with, stringent U.S. import and export control laws, including the International Trade in Arms Regulations administered by the U.S. Department of State (“ITAR”) and the Export Administration Regulations (“EAR”). See “Risk Factors - Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry” for a discussion of material risks to us, including, to the extent material, to our competitive position, relating to governmental regulations, and see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” together with our consolidated financial statements, including the related notes included therein, for a discussion of material information relevant to an assessment of our financial condition and results of operations, including, to the extent material, the effects that compliance with governmental regulations may have upon our capital expenditures and earnings.
Environmental Regulations
We are subject to various federal, state, provincial, local, and international environmental laws and regulations relating to the operation of our business, including those governing pollution, the handling, storage, disposal and transportation of hazardous substances and the cleanup of contamination should it arise. The imposition of more stringent standards or requirements under environmental laws or regulations or a determination that we are responsible for a release of hazardous substances at our sites could result in significant costs, including cleanup costs, fines, sanctions, and third-party claims. In addition, we could be affected by future regulations imposed in response to concerns over climate change, other aspects of the environment or natural resources.
At this time, we do not believe that federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to the discharge of materials into the environment, or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment, or any existing or pending climate change legislation, regulation, or international treaties or accords are reasonably likely to have a material effect in the foreseeable future on our business.
Our operations are regulated under various federal, state, local and international laws governing the environment, including laws governing the discharge of EPA’s Criteria Air Pollutants, the management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes and the cleanup of contaminated sites. We have infrastructure in place to ensure that our operations are in compliance with all applicable environmental regulations. We do not believe that the costs of compliance with these laws and regulations will have a material adverse effect on our capital expenditures, operating results or competitive position. The imposition of more stringent standards or requirements under environmental laws or regulations or a determination that we are responsible for the release of hazardous substances at our sites could result in expenditures in excess of amounts currently estimated to be required for such matters. We have been designated, along with numerous other companies, as a potentially responsible party for the clean-up of several hazardous waste sites. Based on currently available information, we do not believe that any costs incurred in connection with such sites will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, capital expenditures or competitive position. There can be no assurance that additional environmental matters will not arise in the future, or that costs will not be incurred with respect to sites at which no problem is currently known.
Available Information
Our website address is www.intuitivemachines.com. The contents of, or information accessible through, our website are not incorporated by reference herein and are not a part of this Annual Report. We make our filings with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports, as well as beneficial ownership filings available free of charge on our website under the “Investors” section as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such reports with, or furnish such reports to, the SEC.
We may use our website as a distribution channel of material information about us. Financial and other important information regarding the Company is routinely posted on and accessible through the Investors section of our website at www.investors.intuitivemachines.com.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information contained in this Annual Report. If any of the following events occur, our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected. In that event, the trading price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also become important factors that adversely affect our business or results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Our ability to be successful depends upon the efforts of our Board and key personnel and the loss of such persons could negatively impact the operations and profitability of our business.
Our ability to be successful will be dependent upon the efforts of our Board and key personnel. We cannot assure you that our Board and key personnel will be effective or successful or remain with us. In addition to the other challenges they will face, such individuals may be unfamiliar with the requirements of operating a public company, which could cause our management to expend time and resources becoming familiar with such requirements.
These challenges and uncertainties may impair our ability to attract, retain and motivate key personnel. The departure of key employees because of issues related to the uncertainty and difficulty of integration or a desire not to remain with us could have a negative effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
As part of growing our business, we have made and may continue to make acquisitions. Any acquisitions, partnerships or joint ventures into which we enter subject us to integration risks and could disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
From time to time, we may evaluate potential strategic acquisitions of businesses, including partnerships or joint ventures with third parties, to add new products and technologies, acquire talent, grow new sales channels or enter into new markets or sales territories. For example, on November 3, 2025, the Company entered into the Lanteris Purchase Agreement (defined herein), to acquire Lanteris, which closed in January 13, 2026. We may not be able to continue the operational success of Lanteris or other businesses we acquire or successfully finance or integrate such businesses or the businesses with which we form a partnership or joint venture. Furthermore, the integration of Lanteris or any acquisition may divert management’s time and resources from our core business and disrupt our operations or may result in conflicts with our business. Any acquisition, partnership or joint venture may not be successful, may reduce our cash reserves, may negatively affect our earnings and financial performance and, to the extent financed with the proceeds of debt, may increase our indebtedness. Further, depending on market conditions, investor perceptions of the Company and other factors, we might not be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms, or at all, to implement any such transaction. We cannot ensure that any acquisition, partnership or joint venture we make will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
In addition to possible shareholder approval, we may need approvals and licenses from relevant government authorities for the acquisitions to comply with applicable laws and regulations, and a failure to obtain such approvals and licenses could result in delays in completing an acquisition and increased costs and may disrupt our business strategy. Furthermore, acquisitions and the subsequent integration of new assets, businesses, key personnel, customers, vendors and suppliers require significant attention from our management and could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our operations. Acquired assets or businesses may not generate the financial results we expect. Acquisitions could result in the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities and potential exposure to unknown liabilities of the acquired business. Moreover, the costs of identifying and consummating acquisitions may be significant.
If we fail to manage our growth effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be harmed.
In order to achieve the substantial future revenue growth we have projected, we must develop and market new products and services. We intend to expand our operations significantly. To properly manage our growth, we will need to hire and retain additional personnel, upgrade our existing operational management and financial and reporting systems, and improve our business processes and controls. Our future expansion will include:
•hiring and training new personnel;
•developing new technologies;
•controlling expenses and investments in anticipation of expanded operations;
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•continuing to improve the existing operational management and financial reporting systems and team to comply with requirements as a public company; and
•implementing and enhancing administrative infrastructure, systems and processes.
If our operations continue to grow as planned, of which there can be no assurance, we will need to expand our sales and marketing, research and development, customer and commercial strategy, products and services, supply, information technology, cybersecurity and manufacturing functions. For example, on January 13, 2026, we completed the acquisition of Lanteris, approximately 1,170 employees to the Company. Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to manage our expanded business, which may pose substantial challenges for our management, increased costs and complexity associated with new operations. There can be no assurances that we will be successful in managing such expanded business or that we will realize the benefits currently anticipated from the acquisition of Lanteris. Future growth will require us to invest significant financial and other resources, including in industries and sales channels in which we have limited experience to date. We will also need to continue to leverage our manufacturing and operational systems and processes, and there is no guarantee that we will be able to scale the business as currently planned or within the planned timeframe. The continued expansion of our business may also require additional manufacturing and operational facilities, as well as space for administrative support, and there is no guarantee that we will be able to find suitable locations for the manufacture of our space vehicles and related equipment.
Our continued growth, including recent awards, could increase the strain on our resources, and we could experience operating difficulties, including difficulties in hiring and training employees, finding manufacturing capacity to produce our space vehicles and related equipment, and delays in production. These difficulties may divert the attention of management and key employees and impact financial and operational results. If we are unable to drive commensurate growth, these costs, which include lease commitments, headcount and capital assets, could result in decreased margins, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have a history of net operating losses and may not achieve profitability in the future. We may need additional capital to fund our operations. If we fail to obtain additional capital, we may be unable to sustain operations.
We have incurred operating losses and may incur operating losses in the future as we continue to expand and develop, our business, and we may need additional capital from external sources in the future. If we are unable to raise additional capital, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue one or more of our R&D programs. We may be required to cease operations or seek partners for our product candidates at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable and on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available. In the absence of additional capital we may also be required to relinquish, license or otherwise dispose of rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available. If we are unable to secure additional capital, we may be required to take additional measures to reduce costs in order to conserve our cash in amounts sufficient to sustain operations and meet our obligations. These measures could cause significant delays in the development of our product candidates which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The future revenue and operating results of the satellite integrated build capability are dependent on our ability to generate a sustainable order rate for the satellite and space operations and develop new technologies to meet the needs of our customers or potential new customers.
The satellite integrated build capability is dependent on its ability to generate a sustainable order rate satellite and space operations. This can be challenging and may fluctuate on an annual basis as the number of satellite construction contracts awarded varies. Many satellite operators in the communications industry have continued to defer new satellite construction awards to evaluate geostationary and other competing satellite system architectures and other market factors. If we are unable to win new awards or execute existing contracts as expected, our business, results of operations and financial position could be further adversely affected.
The cyclical nature of the commercial satellite market could negatively impact our ability to accurately forecast customer demand. The markets that we serve may not grow in the future and we may not be able to maintain adequate gross margins or profits in these markets. Specifically, sales of the 1300-class bus have historically been important to Lanteris and there is no assurance that this market will continue to grow or demand levels will increase, nor is there assurance that the market for the smaller bus, will offset any decreases in the market for the 1300-class bus or provide future growth. Our growth is dependent on the growth in the sales of services provided by our customers, our customers’ ability to anticipate market trends and our ability to anticipate changes in the businesses of our customers and to successfully identify and enter new markets. If we fail to anticipate such changes in demand, our business, results of operations and financial position could be adversely affected.
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The satellite manufacturing industry is driven by continued investment in technologies to meet changing customer demand for complex and reliable services. Our satellite systems embody complex technologies and may not always be compatible with current and evolving technical standards and systems developed by others. Other satellite manufacturers have developed or are developing digital payloads which increase flexibility for geostationary satellites in circumstances with unpredictable demand. We plan to team with providers of this technology to enhance our offering if our customers express interest in it.
Failure or delays to develop technologies or team with providers to obtain technologies to meet the requisite and evolving industry or user standards could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Failure of suppliers to deliver against end customer requirements could lead to a material adverse effect on our financial results.
Customer concentration creates risks for our business.
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, approximately 78% and 90% of our revenues, respectively, came from one major customer. To the extent that any large customer were to default or otherwise fail to perform or be delayed in the fulfillment of its contractual obligations to us, changes its ordering patterns or business strategy, or otherwise reduces its purchases or stops purchasing our products or services, or if we experience difficulty in meeting the demand by these customers for our products or services, our revenues and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter.
We have a limited operating history in a rapidly evolving industry that may not develop in a manner favorable to our business. While our business has grown, and much of that growth has occurred in recent periods, including through the recent acquisition of Lanteris, the markets for launch services, space systems, spacecraft components and space data applications may not continue to develop in a manner that we expect or that otherwise would be favorable to our business. As a result of our limited operating history and ongoing changes in our new and evolving industry, including evolving demand for our products and services, our ability to forecast our future results of operations and plan for and model future growth is limited and subject to a number of uncertainties. We have encountered and expect to continue to encounter risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly evolving industries, such as the risks and uncertainties described herein. Accordingly, we may be unable to prepare accurate internal financial forecasts or replace anticipated revenue that we do not receive as a result of delays arising from these factors, and our results of operations in future reporting periods may be below the expectations of investors or analysts. If we do not address these risks successfully, our results of operations could differ materially from our estimates and forecasts or the expectations of investors or analysts, causing our business to suffer and our common stock price to decline.
Competition from existing or new companies could cause us to experience downward pressure on prices, fewer customer orders, reduced margins, the inability to take advantage of new business opportunities, and the loss of market share.
We operate in highly competitive markets and generally encounter intense competition to win contracts from many other firms, including lower and mid-tier federal contractors with specialized capabilities and the federal government. Additionally, our markets are facing increasing industry consolidation, resulting in larger competitors who have more market share putting more downward pressure on prices and offering a more robust portfolio of products and services. Our primary competitors for satellite manufacturing contracts include the Boeing Company, Lockheed Martin Corporation and Northrop Grumman Corporation in the United States and Thales S.A. and Airbus Defence and Space, a subsidiary of the Airbus Group, in Europe. We may also face competition in the future from more emerging low-cost competitors, some of which could be subsidized or well-funded. Competition in our lunar market is mainly divided between incumbents, such as Lockheed Martin and Blue Origin who pursue larger, more complex contracts such as crewed lunar missions, and next generation players, including our competitors on the CLPS contract such as Astrobotic and Firefly Aerospace. Competitors for the next phases of LTVS include Lunar Outpost and Astrolab Venturi and our competitors for the NSN contract included Kongsberg Satellite Services (“KSAT”), Swedish Space Corporation (“SSC”), and Telespazio. We are subject to competition based upon product designs, performance, pricing, quality, and services. Our product performance, engineering expertise, and product quality have been important factors in our growth. While we try to maintain competitive pricing on those products that are directly comparable to products manufactured by others, in many instances our products will conform to more exacting specifications and carry a higher price than analogous products. Many of our customers and potential customers have the capacity to design and internally manufacture products that are similar to our products. We face competition from research and product development groups and the manufacturing operations of current and potential customers, who continually evaluate the benefits of internal research, product development, and manufacturing versus outsourcing.
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In addition, some of our foreign competitors currently benefit from, and others may benefit in the future from, protective measures by their home countries where governments are providing financial support, including significant investments in the development of new technologies. Government support of this nature greatly reduces the commercial risks associated with aerospace technology development activities for these competitors. This market environment may result in increased pressures on our pricing and other competitive factors.
We believe our ability to compete successfully in designing, engineering and manufacturing our products and services at significantly reduced cost to customers does and will depend on a number of factors, which may change in the future due to increased competition, our ability to meet our customers’ needs and the frequency and availability of our offerings. If we are unable to compete successfully, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be adversely affected.
Disruptions in U.S. government operations and funding, including government shutdowns, could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be harmed.
Any disruptions in federal government operations, including government shutdowns, could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, earnings, and cash flows. A prolonged failure to maintain significant U.S. government operations or delays or cancellations of U.S. programs based on budgetary constraints, particularly those pertaining to our business, could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, earnings, and cash flows. Continued uncertainty related to recent and future government shutdowns, including related to a change in administration, the budget and/or the failure of the government to enact annual appropriations, such as long-term funding under a continuing resolution, could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, earnings and cash flows. Additionally, disruptions in government operations may negatively impact regulatory approvals and guidance that are important to our operations.
Unsatisfactory performance of our satellite and space systems or security incidents at our facilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We manufacture and operate highly sophisticated satellites and space systems that depend on complex technology. We also work cooperatively with our suppliers, subcontractors, venture partners and other parties (collectively, “Third Parties”). Failures and disruptions or compromises to our or our Third Parties’ systems may be caused by natural disasters, fires (including wildfires), accidents, power disruptions, telecommunications failures, acts of terrorism or war, computer viruses, bugs or vulnerabilities, physical or electronic break-ins, human error, intentional conduct, targeted cyberattacks, or similar events or incidents. While we have built operational processes to ensure that the design, manufacture, performance and servicing of our space systems and our facilities meet rigorous performance goals, there can be no assurance that we will not experience operational or process failures and other problems, including through manufacturing or design defects, pilot error, failure of Third Party safeguards, natural disasters, cyber-attacks, or other intentional acts, that could result in potential safety risks. For example, the IM-2 mission experienced landing anomalies that impacted our ability to complete all mission milestones. There can be no assurance that our preparations, or those of Third Parties, will be able to prevent any such incidents.
Any actual or perceived safety issues may result in significant reputational harm to our businesses, in addition to tort liability, maintenance, increased safety infrastructure and other costs that may arise. Such issues with our space systems, facilities, or customer safety could result in delaying or cancelling planned flights, increased regulation or other systemic consequences. Our inability to meet our safety standards or adverse publicity affecting our reputation as a result of accidents, mechanical failures, damages to customer property or medical complications could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operation.
If any of our systems, the systems of any critical Third Parties upon which we rely or our customers’ systems are, or appear to be, breached, damaged, or if unauthorized processing of customer or third-party data is otherwise performed, public perception of our products services may be harmed, and we may lose business and incur losses or liabilities.
Threat actors (such as ransomware groups) are becoming increasingly sophisticated and using tools and techniques that are designed to circumvent security controls, to evade detection and to remove or obfuscate forensic evidence. Our and our Third Parties’ technology systems and networks may be damaged, disrupted, or compromised by malicious events, such as cyberattacks (including computer viruses, ransomware, and other malicious and destructive code, phishing attacks, and denial of service attacks), physical or electronic security breaches, natural disasters, fire (including wildfires), power loss, telecommunications failures, personnel misconduct, and human error. Such attacks or security breaches may be perpetrated by internal bad actors, such as employees or contractors, or by Third Parties. Furthermore, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until after they are launched against a target, we and our Third Parties may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. While we have implemented what we believe is an appropriate information security program with cybersecurity procedures, practices, and controls, the control systems, cybersecurity program, infrastructure, physical facilities of, and personnel associated with Third Parties that we rely on are beyond our control and we cannot guarantee
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that our or our Third Parties’ systems and networks have not been breached or that they do not contain exploitable defects or bugs that could result in a breach of or disruption to our systems and networks or the systems and networks of Third Parties that support us and our products and services. In addition, our defensive measures, including back-up systems and disaster recovery plans, or those of our critical Third Parties, may fail to timely or effectively anticipate, detect, prevent or allow us to recover from cyberattacks.
Our costs to adequately counter the risk of cyber-attacks and to comply with contractual and/or regulatory compliance requirements may increase significantly in the future. If there is a security vulnerability, error, or other bug in one of ours or our critical third-party systems or if there is a security exploit targeting them, we could face increased costs, claims, liability, reduced revenue, and harm to our reputation or competitive position. Because we do not maintain cybersecurity insurance, these costs will come directly from us and this could harm our financial condition. Any significant disruption in or unauthorized access to our computer systems or those of third parties that we utilize in our operations, including those relating to cybersecurity or arising from cyber-attacks, and security threats could result in a loss or degradation of service, unauthorized disclosure of data, or theft or tampering of intellectual property, any of which could materially adversely impact our business.
The market for commercial space systems in cislunar and beyond has not been established with precision. It is still emerging and may not achieve the growth potential we expect or may grow more slowly than expected.
The market for commercial space systems in cislunar and beyond has not been established with precision and is still emerging. Our estimates for the total addressable market for commercial space systems are based on a number of internal and third-party estimates, including our current backlog, the number of consumers, assumed flight cadence, our ability to leverage our current manufacturing and operational processes and general market conditions. While we believe our assumptions and the data underlying our estimates are reasonable, these assumptions and estimates may not be correct. The conditions supporting our assumptions or estimates may change at any time, thereby reducing the predictive accuracy of these underlying factors. As a result, our estimates of the annual total addressable market for commercial space systems, as well as the expected growth rate for the total addressable market for that experience, may prove to be incorrect.
We may experience delayed lunar launches, launch failures, failure of lunar landers to reach their planned locations, failure of landers to conduct all mission milestones, significant increases in the costs related to launches of lunar landers, and insufficient capacity available from lunar lander launch providers. Any such issue could result in the loss of our lunar landers or cause significant delays in their deployment, which could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Delays in launching landers are common and can result from manufacturing delays, unavailability of reliable launch opportunities with suppliers, launch supplier schedule delays, delays in obtaining required regulatory approvals, changes in landing coordinates, updates to mission specifications (including mission scope and objectives) and launch failures. If lander manufacturing schedules are not met, a launch opportunity may not be available at the time the landers are ready to be launched. We also share launches with other manufacturers who may cause launch delays that are outside of our control. In addition, launch vehicles may fail, which could result in the destruction of any landers we have in such launch vehicle or an inability for the landers to perform their intended mission. Launch failures also result in significant delays in the deployment of landers because of the need to manufacture replacement parts, which typically takes up to six months or longer, and to obtain another launch opportunity. We also regularly review intended landing coordinates in order to determine the optimal landing site for our landers in consultation with NASA, while also updating mission specifications such as the scope of missions and the mission objectives. As such, from time to time, we have made, and expect to continue to make, material modifications to our missions, each of which may, alone or in the aggregate, cause us to experience material delays. Further, it could be more costly, and potentially prohibitively more costly, for us to launch and deploy our landers in the future due to increases in the cost of launches, launch insurance rates and launch-related services. We are currently targeting a mission launch window of late 2026 for our IM-3 mission. Any launch failure, underperformance, delay or increased cost on lander launches or related services, including on our IM-3 mission, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We may experience delayed satellite launches, failure of our satellites to reach their planned orbital locations, significant increases in production costs of our satellites. Any such issue could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Delays in launching satellites are common and can result from manufacturing delays, updates to mission specifications (including mission scope and objectives) and launch failures. In September 2024, NASA awarded us a verification task order for NSN communication and navigation services for missions in the lunar region. For the Company to begin to have services under the NSN contract, we must successfully launch at least one satellite into a lunar orbit and five satellites to complete the constellation. If satellite schedules are not met, our operations may be materially adversely impacted. In addition, satellite deployment mechanisms may fail, which could result in an inability for the satellites to perform their
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intended mission. Further, it could be more costly, and potentially prohibitively more costly, for us to build and deploy our satellites in the future due to supplier cost increases. Any satellite failure, underperformance, delay or increase cost could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Delays in the construction of satellites and the procurement of requisite components, satellite damage or destruction during launch, launch failures, or incorrect orbital placement could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our business involves significant risks and uncertainties that may not be covered by insurance. Also, due to the inherent risks associated with commercial spaceflight, there is the possibility that any accident or catastrophe could lead to the loss of human life or a medical emergency.
Although there have been and will continue to be technological advances in spaceflight, it is still an inherently dangerous activity. Explosions and other accidents on launch or during the flight have occurred and will likely occur in the future. If such incident should occur, we will likely experience a total loss of our systems, products, technologies and services and our customers’ payloads. The total or partial loss of one or more of our products or customer payloads could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. For some missions, we can elect to buy launch insurance, which can reduce our monetary losses from the launch failure, but even in this case we may have uninsured losses associated with failures after launch and a launch failure will have losses associated with our inability to test our technology in space and delays with further technology development.
Further, commercial spaceflight is an inherently risky activity that can lead to accidents or catastrophes impacting human life. It is impossible to completely eliminate the potential for human error, and there is a possibility that other accidents may occur in the future as a result of human error or for a variety of other reasons, some of which may be out of our control. Any such accident could result in substantial losses to us, including reputational harm and legal liability, and, as a result, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The release, unplanned ignition, explosion, or improper handling of dangerous materials used in our business could disrupt and harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our business operations involve the handling, production and disposition of potentially explosive and ignitable energetic materials and other dangerous chemicals, including materials used in rocket propulsion. The handling, production, transport and disposition of hazardous materials could result in incidents that temporarily shut down or otherwise disrupt our manufacturing operations and could cause production delays. A release of these chemicals or an unplanned ignition or explosion could result in death or significant injuries to employees and others. Material property damage to us and Third Parties could also occur. Extensive regulations apply to the handling of explosive and energetic materials, including but not limited to regulations governing hazardous substances and hazardous waste. The failure to properly store and ultimately dispose of such materials could create significant liability and/or result in regulatory sanctions. Any release, unplanned ignition, or explosion could expose us to adverse publicity or liability for damages or cause production delays, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition and/or cash flows.
We rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain materials and supplied components. We may not be able to obtain sufficient materials or supplied components to meet our manufacturing and operating needs, or obtain such materials on favorable terms.
We rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain raw materials, supplied components and product equipment items, many of which particularly in our satellite integrated build capability, are procured or subcontracted on a single or sole-source basis. In addition, we currently rely on a single launch service provider for our lunar missions. We may not be able to obtain sufficient raw materials or supplied components to manage our inventory, meet our manufacturing and operating needs, or obtain such materials on favorable terms, which could impair our ability to fulfill our orders in a timely manner or increase our costs of production and could in turn result in reduced sales and profits, contract penalties or terminations and damage to customer relationships and could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows.
Our ability to manufacture our launch vehicles is dependent upon sufficient availability of raw materials and supplied components, which we secure from a limited number of suppliers. Our reliance on suppliers to secure these raw materials and supplied components exposes us to volatility in the prices, quality, and availability of these materials. We may not be able to obtain sufficient supply of raw materials or supplied components, on favorable terms or at all, which could result in delays in manufacturing our spacecraft or increased costs.
In addition, we have in the past and may in the future experience delays in manufacturing or operations as we go through the requalification process with any replacement third-party supplier, as well as the limitations imposed by the ITAR and other restrictions on transfer of sensitive technologies. Additionally, the imposition of tariffs on such raw materials or
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supplied components could have a material adverse effect on our operations. Prolonged disruptions in the supply of any of our key raw materials or components, difficulty qualifying new sources of supply, implementing use of replacement materials or new sources of supply or any volatility in prices could have a material adverse effect on our ability to operate in a cost-efficient, timely manner and could cause us to experience cancellations or delays of scheduled launches, customer cancellations or reductions in our prices and margins, any of which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our revenue, results of operations and reputation may be negatively impacted if our products contain defects or fail to operate in the expected manner.
We sell complex and technologically advanced products and services, including rocket launch services, mission services, spacecraft, satellites, and spacecraft components. Sophisticated software used in our products and services, including software developed by us, may contain defects that can unexpectedly interfere with the software’s intended operation. Defects may also occur in components and products that we manufacture or purchase from Third Parties. Most of the launch vehicles, spacecraft and spacecraft components we have developed must function under demanding and unpredictable operating conditions and in harsh and potentially destructive environments. Our products and services may not be successfully implemented, pass required acceptance criteria, or operate or give the desired output, or we may not be able to detect and fix all defects in the launch vehicles, spacecraft, spacecraft components and systems we sell and/or use. Failure to do so could result in lost revenue and damage to our reputation and may adversely affect our ability to win new contract awards.
Rising inflation may materially impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Inflation has increased recently. Inflation in the economy has resulted in, and may continue to result in, higher interest rates and capital costs, shipping costs, supply shortages, increased costs of labor and other similar effects. As a result of inflation, we have and may continue to experience cost increases. Although we may take measures to mitigate the impact of inflation, if these measures are not effective, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
We are subject to counterparty risk on contracts with customers. If a counterparty to one of our contracts were to default or otherwise fail to perform or be delayed in its performance on any of its contractual obligations to us, such default, failure to perform or delay could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our budgeted capital expenditures, forecasted growth and strategic plan are based on revenues expected to be generated pursuant to signed contracts existing as of the date such budget, forecast and strategic plan are approved by management and our Board. If a customer were to default or otherwise fail to perform or be delayed in the fulfillment of its contractual obligations to us, we would be required to adjust our budget, forecasts and strategic plans to mitigate the impact of such circumstance, which may negatively affect our business, financial condition, cash flows and/or liquidity. Additionally, if the scope of anticipated work related to any customer contract were to change due to unforeseen circumstances or evolving requirements of one or more of our counterparties, we may be unable to generate revenue on our anticipated timeline or may be required to incur increased costs from those originally estimated for a project, which could cause our budgets, forecasts and plans to be inaccurate. While we endeavor to mitigate this risk by assuming potential delays in revenue generation and estimated contract progress when preparing our budget, forecast and strategic plans, it is not possible to predict with accuracy the impact of any default, failure to perform or delay, which results in our inability to completely mitigate such risks. As such, the counterparty default, failure to perform or delay in performance may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We are dependent on technology and automated systems to operate our business.
We depend heavily on technology and automated systems to effectively operate our business. Any substantial, extended, or repeated failures of these systems could negatively affect our business, compromise the security of our information or other information stored on, transmitted by, or otherwise processed by these systems, result in the loss of or damage to important data, loss of revenue and increased costs, and generally harm our business. Additionally, loss of key talent required to maintain and advance these systems could have a material impact on our operations. Like other companies, our systems may be vulnerable to disruptions due to events beyond our control, including natural disasters, fire, power disruptions, software or equipment failures, terrorist attacks, cybersecurity incursions, computer viruses and hackers. There can be no assurance that the measures we have taken to reduce the adverse effects of certain potential failures or disruptions are adequate to prevent or remedy disruptions of our systems or prevent or mitigate all attacks. In addition, we will need to continuously make significant investments in technology to periodically upgrade and replace existing systems. If we are unable to make these investments or fail to successfully implement, upgrade or replace our systems, our operations and
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business could be adversely impacted. As of the date hereof, we have not experienced any significant impacts due to software updates, but we could in the future experience similar software-induced interruptions to our operations.
We may use artificial intelligence (“AI”) in our business or systems, and challenges with properly managing its use could result in competitive and reputational harm and negatively impact the operations and profitability of our business.
We may incorporate AI solutions into our core offerings and business, and these applications may become important in our operations over time. For example, we currently use an isolated private instance of a corporate AI chatbox and Gilab DUO. Our competitors or other third parties may incorporate AI into their products or services more quickly or more successfully than we may, which could impair our ability to compete effectively and adversely affect our results of operations. There are significant risks involved in developing, maintaining and deploying these technologies and there can be no assurance that the usage of such technologies will enhance our offerings or be beneficial to our business, including our efficiency or profitability. In particular, if these artificial intelligence or machine learning models are incorrectly designed or implemented; trained or reliant on incomplete, inadequate, inaccurate, biased or otherwise poor quality data or on data to which we do not have sufficient rights; and/or are adversely impacted by unforeseen defects, technical challenges, cyber security threats or material performance issues, the performance of our products, services, and business, as well as our reputation and the reputations of our customers, could suffer or we could incur liability through the violation of laws, contracts to which we are a party or civil claims. The rapid evolution of AI, including potential government regulation of AI, will require significant resources to develop, test and maintain our platform, offerings, services, and features to help us implement AI ethically in order to minimize unintended, harmful impact.
If our prime contractors fail to maintain their relationships with their counterparties and fulfill their contractual obligations, our performance as a subcontractor and our ability to obtain future business could be materially and adversely impacted and our actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
We act as a subcontractor to prime contractors on multiple government contracts, including NASA’s JETS Program and SDA’s Tracking Layer Program. Our performance as a subcontractor on a government contract, is dependent on the prime contractor’s ability to satisfactorily maintain its relationship with the government and fulfill its obligations under its contracts. A failure by the prime contractors to fulfill their obligations under their contracts could result in the termination of the prime contract or delayed revenue generation and recognition, thereby resulting in either the termination of our subcontract or material modifications to our subcontract. If any significant subcontract is terminated or delayed in this manner, it could cause our actual results to differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
Global pandemics, epidemics, outbreaks of infectious diseases or public health crises have disrupted our business and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The pandemics, epidemics, outbreaks of infectious diseases or public health crises across the globe have disrupted, and may in the future disrupt our business, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and/or future expectations. Any health crisis may negatively affect worldwide economic and commercial activity, disrupt global supply chains and the labor market and create significant volatility and disruption of financial and commodity markets. The extent to which our business may in the future be affected by pandemics, infectious disease outbreaks and other public health crises depends on a number of factors outside of our control, including but not limited to the extent and duration of labor disruptions, business operations disruptions from quarantines, travel restrictions and other requirements imposed by regulators and health authorities, delays, modifications and terminations of contracts, supply chain disruptions, increased cybersecurity and data protection risks, increased costs of doing business and other macroeconomic disruptions.
Risks Relating to Compliance with Law, Government Regulation and Litigation
Our business with various governmental entities is subject to the policies, priorities, regulations, mandates and funding levels of such governmental entities and may be negatively or positively impacted by any change thereto.
We are subject to a wide variety of laws and regulations relating to various aspects of our business, including with respect to our launch system operations, employment and labor, health care, tax, data privacy of the personal information we collect and process and data security of the operational and information technology we use, health and safety, and environmental issues. Laws and regulations at the foreign, federal, state and local levels frequently change and are often interpreted in different ways, especially in relation to new and emerging industries, and we cannot always reasonably predict the impact from, or the ultimate cost of compliance with, current or future regulatory or administrative changes. While we monitor these developments and devote a significant amount of management’s time and external resources towards compliance with these laws, regulations and guidelines, we cannot guarantee that these measures will be satisfactory to regulators or other third parties, such as our customers. Moreover, changes in law, the imposition of new or additional regulations or the enactment of any new or more stringent legislation that impacts our business could require us
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to change the way we operate and could have a material adverse effect on our sales, profitability, cash flows and financial condition.
Failure to comply with these laws, such as with respect to obtaining and maintaining licenses, certificates, authorizations and permits critical for the operation of our business, may result in civil penalties or private lawsuits, or the suspension or revocation of licenses, certificates, authorizations or permits, which would prevent us from operating our business. For example, the operation and launch of our spacecraft in the United States require licenses and permits from the FCC and the FAA, as well as review by other agencies of the U.S. Government, including the Department of Defense, Department of State, and NASA. Such license approvals may include an interagency review of safety, operational, national security, foreign policy implications and international obligations, as well as a review of foreign ownership. Any delays in regulatory actions allowing us to conduct our commercial space operations could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results.
If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our proprietary information, trade secrets and know-how, our business and competitive position may be harmed.
To protect our proprietary rights, we rely on a combination of patent protections, copyrights, trade secrets, trademark laws, confidentiality agreements with employees and third parties and protective contractual provisions such as those contained in license agreements with consultants, subcontractors, vendors and customers. We consider trade secrets and know-how to be our primary form of intellectual property protection. Although we follow processes to protect our intellectual property, there is no absolute assurance that the steps taken to protect our technology will prevent misappropriation or infringement. Monitoring unauthorized uses and disclosures is difficult, and we do not know whether the steps we have taken to protect our proprietary technologies will be effective. If any of the suppliers, subcontractors, venture partners, employees and consultants, and other third parties who are parties to these agreements breaches or violates the terms of any of these agreements, we may not have adequate remedies for any such breach or violation, and we could lose our trade secrets as a result. It is also possible that our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information could be obtained by third parties as a result of breaches of our physical or electronic security systems. Even where remedies are available, enforcing a claim that a party illegally disclosed or misappropriated our trade secrets, like patent litigation, is expensive and time consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, courts outside the United States are sometimes less willing to protect trade secrets.
Additionally, despite our efforts to protect our proprietary technology, our trade secrets could otherwise become known or be independently discovered by our competitors. If any of our trade secrets were to be lawfully obtained or independently developed by a competitor or other third party, we would have no right to prevent them, or those to whom they communicate, from using that technology or information to compete with us.
The U.S. government’s budget deficit and the national debt, as well as any inability of the U.S. government to complete its budget process for any government fiscal year could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The U.S. government’s budget deficit and the national debt, as well as any inability of the U.S. government to complete its budget process for any government fiscal year and consequently having to shut down or operate on funding levels equivalent to its prior fiscal year pursuant to a “continuing resolution,” could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Considerable uncertainty exists regarding how future budget and program decisions will unfold, including the defense spending priorities of the U.S. government, what challenges budget reductions will present for the defense industry and whether annual appropriations bills for all agencies will be enacted for U.S. government due to many factors, including but not limited to, changes in the political environment, including before or after a change to the leadership within the government administration, and any resulting uncertainty or changes in policy or priorities and resultant funding. The U.S. government’s budget deficit and the national debt could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in a number of ways, including the following:
•The U.S. government could reduce or delay its spending on, reprioritize its spending away from, or decline to provide funding for the government programs in which we participate;
•U.S. government spending could be impacted by alternate arrangements to sequestration, which increases the uncertainty as to, and the difficulty in predicting, U.S. government spending priorities and levels; and
•We may experience declines in revenue, profitability and cash flows as a result of reduced or delayed orders or payments or other factors caused by economic difficulties of our customers and prospective customers, including U.S. federal, state and local governments.
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Furthermore, we believe continued budget pressures could have serious negative consequences for the security of the U.S., the defense industrial base and the customers, employees, suppliers, investors and communities that rely on companies in the defense industrial base. Budget and program decisions made in this environment would have long-term implications for us and the entire defense industry.
Our systems utilize third-party open source software, and any failure to comply with the terms of one or more of these open source software licenses could adversely affect our business, subject us to litigation, or create potential liability.
Our systems include software licensed from third parties under any one or more open source licenses, and we expect to continue to incorporate open source software in our systems and technology in the future. Moreover, we cannot ensure that we have effectively monitored our use of open source software, or validated the quality or source of such software, or that we are in compliance with the terms of the applicable open source licenses or our current policies and procedures. From time to time, there have been claims against companies that use open source software in their products and services asserting that the use of such open source software infringes the claimants’ intellectual property rights. As a result, we could be subject to suits by third parties claiming that what we believe to be licensed open source software infringes such third parties’ intellectual property rights. Additionally, if an author or other third party that distributes such open source software were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of one or more of these licenses, we could be required to incur significant legal expenses defending against such allegations and could be subject to significant damages and required to comply with onerous conditions or restrictions on these solutions, which could disrupt the distribution and sale of these solutions. Litigation could be costly for us to defend, have a negative effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations, or require us to devote additional research and development resources to change our solutions. Furthermore, these third-party open source providers could experience service outages, data loss, privacy breaches, cyber-attacks, and other events relating to the applications and services they provide that could diminish the utility of these services, and which could harm our business as a result. In the past, we’ve experienced software vulnerabilities with our software providers. We may continue to experience such vulnerabilities in the future.
Use of open source software may entail greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or other contractual protections regarding infringement claims or the quality of the code, including with respect to security vulnerabilities where open source software may be more susceptible. In addition, certain open source licenses require that source code for software programs that incorporate, use or combine with such open source software be made available to the public at no cost and that any modifications or derivative works to such open source software continue to be licensed under the same terms as the open source software license. The terms of various open source licenses to which we are subject have not or may not have been interpreted by courts in the relevant jurisdictions, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to market or provide our software and data. By the terms of certain open source licenses, we could be required to release the source code of our proprietary software, and to make our proprietary software available under open source licenses, if we combine our proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner. In the event that portions of our proprietary software are determined to be subject to an open source license, we could be required to publicly release the affected portions of our source code, re-engineer all or a portion of our solutions, or otherwise be limited in the licensing of our solutions, each of which could reduce or eliminate the value of our solutions. Disclosing our proprietary source code could allow our competitors to create similar products with lower development effort and time and ultimately could result in a loss of sales. Furthermore, any such re-engineering or other remedial efforts could require significant additional research and development resources, and we may not be able to successfully complete any such re-engineering or other remedial efforts. Any of these events could create liability for us and damage our reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations and the market price of our shares.
Additionally, if any of our technology violates proprietary rights, including copyrights and patents, third parties may assert infringement claims against us. Certain software modules and other intellectual property used by us or in our satellites make use of or incorporate licensed software components and other licensed technology. These components are developed by third parties over whom we have no control. Any claims brought against us may result in limitations on our ability to use the intellectual property subject to these claims. We may be required to redesign our satellites or products or to obtain licenses from third parties to continue offering our satellites or products without substantially re-engineering such products or systems.
As a public reporting company, we are subject to rules and regulations established by the SEC regarding our internal control over financial reporting. Our internal controls may not be determined to be effective, which may adversely affect investor confidence in our company and, as a result, the value of our Class A Common Stock and your investment.
We are required, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to furnish a report by management on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K. This assessment, pursuant to Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, must include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by
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our management in our internal control over financial reporting. Additionally, once we are no longer an emerging growth company, pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we will be required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement on our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to establish or maintain appropriate internal control over financial reporting or implement these additional requirements in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, it could result in material misstatements to our consolidated financial statements, failure to meet our reporting obligations on a timely basis, loss of investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, increases in compliance costs, and subject us to adverse regulatory consequences, all of which may adversely affect investor confidence in, and the value of, our Class A Common Stock.
Any unremediated material weaknesses could result in material misstatements to our future annual or interim consolidated financial statements that might not be prevented or detected on a timely basis, or in delayed filing of required periodic reports. If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our common stock could be adversely affected and we could become subject to litigation or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.
We are subject to stringent U.S. export and import control laws and regulations and U.S. economic sanctions and trade control laws and regulations.
We are required to comply with U.S. export control laws and regulations, including ITAR, Bureau of Political Military Affairs’ directorate of Defense Trade controls administered by the U.S. Department of State, and the EAR, administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security. Pursuant to these foreign trade control laws and regulations, we are required, among other things, to (i) maintain a registration under ITAR, (ii) determine the proper licensing jurisdiction and export classification of products, software, and technology, and (iii) obtain licenses or other forms of U.S. government authorization to engage in the conduct of space transport. While our policies mandate compliance with applicable international trade, export control laws and financial crimes laws, failure by our employees, agents, subcontractors, suppliers and/or existing or future partners to comply with these and similar laws and regulations and our policies could impact us in various ways that include, but are not limited to, criminal, civil and administrative fines and/or legal sanctions, denial of export privileges, debarment and the inability to bid for or enter into contracts or sub-contracts with U.S. government customers and other entities, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, operations, and financial results.
The inability to secure and maintain necessary export authorizations could negatively impact our ability to compete successfully or to operate our spaceflight business as planned. For example, if we were unable to obtain or maintain our licenses to export certain spacecraft hardware, we would be effectively prohibited from launching our vehicles from certain non-U.S. locations, which would limit the number of launch providers we could use. In addition, if we were unable to obtain a Department of State Technical Assistance Agreement to export certain launch related services, we would experience difficulties or even be unable to perform integration activities necessary to safely integrate our transfer vehicles to non-U.S. launch vehicles. In both cases, these restrictions could lead to higher launch costs which may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. Similarly, if we were unable to secure effective export licensure to authorize the full scope of activity with a foreign partner or supplier, we may be required to make design changes to spacecraft or updates to our supplier chain, which may result in increased costs to us or delays in vehicle launches.
Any changes in the export control regulations or U.S. government licensing policy, such as those necessary to implement U.S. government commitments to multilateral control regimes, may restrict our operations. There is no inherent right to perform an export and given the significant discretion the government has adjudicating such authorizations in furtherance of U.S. national security and foreign policy interests, there can be no assurance we will be successful in our current and future efforts to secure and maintain necessary licenses, registrations, or other U.S. government regulatory approvals.
In addition, U.S. export control laws, including those applicable to sensitive technologies, continue to change. For example, the control lists under the ITAR and the EAR are periodically updated to reclassify specific types of export-controlled technology. For example, any changes to the jurisdictional assignment of controlled data or hardware used by us could result in the need for different export authorizations, each then subject to a subsequent approval. As a result of any changes, we may, despite our compliance efforts, inadvertently act inconsistently with these laws. In such circumstances, our efforts to investigate and disclose an apparent violation to the relevant U.S. government agency could lead to audits, enforcement actions, fines, penalties, remediation costs, and other consequences that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Similarly, should exceptions or exemptions under the EAR or ITAR, respectively, be changed, our activities otherwise authorized via these mechanisms may become unavailable and could result in the need for additional export authorizations. Additionally, changes to the administrative implementation of export control laws at the agency level may suddenly change
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as a result of geo-political events, which could result in existing or proposed export authorization applications being viewed in unpredictable ways, or potentially rejected, as a result of the changed agency level protocol.
We depend significantly on U.S. government contracts, which often are only partially funded, subject to immediate termination, and heavily regulated and audited. The termination or failure to fund, or negative audit findings for one or more of these contracts could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Over its lifetime, a U.S. government program may be implemented by the award of many different individual contracts and subcontracts. The funding of U.S. government programs is subject to U.S. Congressional appropriations. In recent years, U.S. government appropriations have been affected by larger U.S. government budgetary issues and related legislation. Furthermore, on January 20, 2025, President Donald J. Trump announced an executive order establishing the “Department of Government Efficiency” to maximize government efficiency and productivity. Pressures on and uncertainty surrounding the U.S. federal government’s budget and potential changes in budgetary priorities, could adversely affect the funding for individual programs and delay purchasing decisions by our customers. Although multi-year contracts may be authorized and appropriated in connection with major procurements, the U.S. Congress generally appropriates funds on a government fiscal year basis. Procurement funds are typically made available for obligation over the course of one to three years. Consequently, programs often initially receive only partial funding, and additional funds are obligated only as the U.S. Congress authorizes further appropriations. We cannot predict the extent to which total funding and/or funding for individual programs will be included, increased or reduced as part of the annual appropriations process ultimately approved by the U.S. Congress and the President of the United States or in separate supplemental appropriations or continuing resolutions, as applicable. The termination of funding for a U.S. government program would result in a loss of anticipated future revenue attributable to that program, which could have an adverse impact on our operations. In addition, the termination of a program or the failure to commit additional funds to a program that already has been started could result in lost revenue and increase our overall costs of doing business.
Generally, U.S. government contracts are subject to oversight audits by U.S. government representatives. Such audits could result in adjustments to our contract costs. Any costs found to be improperly allocated to a specific contract will not be reimbursed, and such costs already reimbursed must be refunded. We have recorded contract revenue based on costs we expect to realize upon final audit. However, we do not know the outcome of any future audits and adjustments, and we may be required to materially reduce our revenue or profits upon completion and final negotiation of audits. Negative audit findings could also result in termination of a contract, forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, fines or suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracting or subcontracting for a period of time.
In addition, U.S. government contracts generally contain provisions permitting termination, in whole or in part, without prior notice at the U.S. government’s convenience upon payment only for work done and commitments made at the time of termination. For some contracts, we are a subcontractor and not the prime contractor, and in those arrangements, the U.S. government could terminate the prime contractor for convenience without regard for our performance as a subcontractor. We can give no assurance that one or more of our U.S. government contracts will not be terminated under those circumstances. Also, we can give no assurance that we would be able to procure new contracts to offset the revenue or backlog lost as a result of any termination of our U.S. government contracts. Because a significant portion of our revenue is dependent on our performance and payment under our U.S. government contracts, the loss of one or more large contracts could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our contracts and services with the U.S. government are also subject to specific procurement regulations and a variety of socioeconomic and other requirements, including the procurement policies and procedures set forth in the FAR. FAR governs all aspects of government contracting, including contractor qualifications and acquisition procedures. These requirements, although customary in U.S. government contracts, increase our performance and compliance costs. These costs might increase in the future, thereby reducing our margins, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, the U.S. government has and may continue to implement initiatives focused on efficiencies, affordability and cost growth and other changes to its procurement practices. These initiatives and changes to procurement practices may change the way U.S. government contracts are solicited, negotiated and managed, which may affect whether and how we pursue opportunities to provide our products and services to the U.S. government, including the terms and conditions under which we do so, which may have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. For example, contracts awarded under the Department of Defense’s Other Transaction Authority for research and prototypes generally require cost-sharing and may not follow, or may follow only in part, standard U.S. government contracting practices and terms, such as the Federal Acquisition Regulation and Cost Accounting Standards.
Failure to comply with applicable regulations and requirements could lead to fines, penalties, repayments, or compensatory or treble damages, or suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracting or subcontracting for a period of time. Among the causes for debarment are violations of various laws and regulations, including those related to procurement integrity, export control (including ITAR), U.S. government security, employment practices, protection of the environment,
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accuracy of records, proper recording of costs and foreign corruption. The termination of a U.S. government contract or relationship as a result of any of these acts would have an adverse impact on our operations and could have an adverse effect on our standing and eligibility for future U.S. government contracts.
Uncertain macro-economic and political conditions could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our results of operations are materially affected by economic and political conditions in the U.S. and internationally, including inflation, deflation, interest rates, availability of capital, energy and commodity prices, trade laws and the effects of governmental initiatives to manage economic conditions. Current or potential customers may delay or decrease spending on our products and services as their business and/or budgets are impacted by economic and political conditions. The inability of current and potential customers to pay us for our products and services may adversely affect our earnings and cash flows.
The current invasion of Ukraine by Russia has escalated tensions among the U.S., the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (“NATO”) and Russia. The U.S. and other NATO member states, as well as non-member states, have announced new sanctions against Russia and certain Russian banks, enterprises and individuals. These and any future additional sanctions and any resulting conflict between Russia, the U.S. and NATO countries could have an adverse impact on our current operations.
Further, such invasion, ongoing military conflict, resulting sanctions and related countermeasures by NATO states, the U.S. and other countries have led, and are likely to continue to lead, to market disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices, credit and capital markets, as well as supply chain interruptions for equipment, which could have an adverse impact on our operations and financial performance.
Risks Relating to Our Capital Resources
Our indebtedness could expose us to risks that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our indebtedness could have significant negative consequences for our security holders, business, financial condition, and results of operations by, among other things:
•increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions;
•limiting our ability to obtain additional financing;
•requiring the dedication of a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to service our indebtedness, which will reduce the amount of cash available for other purposes;
•limiting our flexibility to plan for, or react to, changes in our business; and
•placing us at a possible competitive disadvantage with competitors that are less leveraged than us or have better access to capital.
Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, pay cash interest on, or refinance our indebtedness, including our Convertible Notes (defined herein), or any indebtedness that we may incur in the future, depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive, and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service our indebtedness and to make necessary capital expenditures, and we may otherwise be unable to maintain sufficient cash reserves to fund our current obligations or any additional indebtedness that we may incur. For example, in connection with the Lanteris acquisition, we entered into a Waiver, Consent, Amendment and Assignment Agreement with ING Belgium NV/SA (“ING”) and certain affiliates of Lanteris, pursuant to which the Company became a guarantor under the Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement (the “Orbital Receivables Purchase Facility”). Under the facility, through December 1, 2026, ING may purchase certain orbital payment receivables of Lanteris on a discretionary, transaction-by-transaction basis, up to an aggregate maximum of $250.0 million. If a customer prepays a receivable that has been purchased by ING, Lanteris is required to make a contractual make-whole payment based on a net present value formula.
Our actual results may differ significantly from our earnings guidance.
From time to time, we have released, and may continue to release, guidance in our quarterly earnings releases, quarterly earnings conference calls, or otherwise, regarding our future performance that represents our management’s estimates as of the date of release. This guidance, which includes forward-looking statements, has been and will be based on projections prepared by our management. These projections are prepared solely by management and have not been compiled,
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examined, or reviewed by our registered public accountants or any other independent party, and no assurance is provided with respect to such information.
Projections are based upon a number of assumptions and estimates that, while presented with numerical specificity, are inherently subject to significant business, economic, and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control and are based upon specific assumptions with respect to future business decisions, some of which will change. The rapidly evolving market in which we operate may make it difficult to evaluate our current business and our future prospects, including our ability to plan for and model future growth. We intend to state possible outcomes as high and low ranges which are intended to provide a sensitivity analysis as variables are changed. However, actual results will vary from our guidance and the variations may be material. The principal reason that we release guidance is to provide a basis for our management to discuss our business outlook as of the date of release with analysts and investors. We do not accept any responsibility for any projections or reports published by any such persons. Investors are urged not to rely upon our guidance in making an investment decision regarding our common stock.
Any failure to successfully implement our operating strategy or the occurrence of any of the events or circumstances set forth in this “Risk Factors” section could result in our actual operating results being different from our guidance, and the differences may be adverse and material.
Our operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter.
We expect our revenue and operating results to vary from quarter to quarter. Reductions in revenue in a particular quarter could lead to lower profitability in that quarter because a relatively large amount of our expenses are fixed in the short-term. We may incur significant operating expenses during the start-up and early stages of large contracts and may not be able to recognize corresponding revenue in that same quarter. We may also incur additional expenses when contracts are terminated or expire and are not renewed. We may also incur additional expenses when companies are newly acquired.
In addition, payments due to us from our customers may be delayed due to billing cycles or as a result of failures of government budgets to gain congressional and administration approval in a timely manner. The U.S. government’s fiscal year ends September 30. If a federal budget for the next federal fiscal year has not been approved by that date in each year, our customers may have to suspend engagements that we are working on until a budget has been approved. Any such suspensions may reduce our revenue in the fourth quarter of the federal fiscal year or the first quarter of the subsequent federal fiscal year. The U.S. government’s fiscal year end can also trigger increased purchase requests from customers for equipment and materials.
Any increased purchase requests we receive as a result of the U.S. government’s fiscal year end would serve to increase our third or fourth quarter revenue, but will generally decrease profit margins for that quarter, as these activities generally are not as profitable as our typical offerings.
Additional factors that may cause our financial results to fluctuate from quarter to quarter include those addressed elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section and the following factors, among others:
•the terms of customer contracts that affect the timing of revenue recognition;
•variability in demand for our services and solutions;
•commencement, completion or termination of contracts during any particular quarter;
•timing of shipments and product deliveries;
•timing of award or performance incentive fee notices;
•timing of significant bid and proposal costs;
•the costs of remediating unknown defects, errors or performance problems of our product offerings;
•variable purchasing patterns under blanket purchase agreements and other indefinite delivery/ indefinite quantity contracts;
•restrictions on and delays related to the export of defense articles and services;
•costs related to government inquiries;
•strategic decisions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions, divestitures, spin-offs and joint ventures;
•strategic investments or changes in business strategy;
•changes in the extent to which we use subcontractors;
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•seasonal fluctuations in our staff utilization rates;
•changes in our effective tax rate, including changes in our judgment as to the necessity of the valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax assets; and
•the length of sales cycles.
Significant fluctuations in our operating results for a particular quarter could cause us to fall out of compliance with the financial covenants related to our debt, which if not waived, could restrict our access to capital and cause us to take extreme measures to pay down the debt, if any.
Changes in our accounting estimates and assumptions could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial position.
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). These accounting principles require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements. We are also required to make certain judgments that affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during each reporting period. We periodically evaluate our estimates and assumptions including, but not limited to, those relating to revenue recognition, recoverability of assets, valuation of derivatives and nonredeemable non-controlling interests, contingencies, stock-based compensation and income taxes. We base our estimates on historical experience and various assumptions that we believe to be reasonable based on specific circumstances. These assumptions and estimates involve the exercise of judgment and discretion, which may evolve over time in light of operational experience, regulatory direction, developments in accounting principles and other factors. Actual results could differ from these estimates as a result of changes in circumstances, assumptions, policies or developments in the business, which could materially affect our consolidated financial statements.
Pension and other postretirement benefit obligations may materially impact our earnings, stockholders’ equity and cash flows from operations, and could have significant adverse impacts in future periods.
Lanteris maintains defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefits plans for some of our employees. Potential pension contributions include discretionary contributions to improve the plans’ funded status. The extent of future contributions depends heavily on market factors such as the discount rate and the actual return on plan assets. We estimate future contributions to these plans using assumptions with respect to these and other items. Changes to those assumptions could have a significant effect on future contributions, annual pension and other postretirement costs, the value of plan assets and our benefit obligations.
Significant changes in actual return on pension assets, discount rates and other factors could adversely affect our results of operations and require cash pension contributions in future periods. Changes in discount rates and actual asset returns different than our expected asset returns can result in significant non-cash actuarial gains or losses which we record in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year and, if applicable, in any quarter in which an interim re-measurement is triggered. With regard to cash pension contributions, funding requirements for our pension plans are largely dependent upon interest rates, actual investment returns on pension assets and the impact of legislative or regulatory changes related to pension funding obligations.
We also provide other postretirement benefits to certain of our employees, consisting principally of health care, dental and life insurance for eligible retirees and qualifying dependents. Our estimates of future costs associated with these benefits are also subject to assumptions, including estimates of the level of medical cost increases and discount rates.
Risks Relating to Our Convertible Notes
We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of the Convertible Notes in cash or to repurchase the Convertible Notes upon a fundamental change, and our future debt may contain limitations on our ability to pay cash upon conversion or repurchase of the Convertible Notes.
Holders of our Convertible Notes have the right, subject to certain conditions and limited exceptions, to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. In addition, upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our Class A Common Stock to settle such conversion (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we will be required to make cash payments in respect of the Convertible Notes being converted. However, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make repurchases of Convertible Notes surrendered therefor, pay cash with respect to notes being converted. In addition, our ability to repurchase the Convertible Notes and to pay cash upon conversions of the Convertible Notes may be limited by law, by regulatory authority or by
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agreements governing our future indebtedness. Our failure to repurchase notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the indenture or to pay any cash payable on future conversions of the Convertible Notes as required by the indenture would constitute a default under the indenture. A default under the indenture governing the Convertible Notes or the fundamental change itself could also lead to a default under agreements governing our future indebtedness and could trigger cross-defaults and cross-acceleration with other debt. If the repayment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness and repurchase the Convertible Notes or make cash payments upon conversions thereof.
The conditional conversion feature of the Convertible Notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
In the event the conditional conversion feature of the Convertible Notes is triggered, holders of Convertible Notes will be entitled to convert their Convertible Notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their Convertible Notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our Class A Common Stock (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we would be required to settle a portion or all of our conversion obligation through the payment of cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity. In addition, even if holders do not elect to convert their Convertible Notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the Convertible Notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our net working capital.
Conversions of the Convertible Notes may dilute the ownership interest of our stockholders or may otherwise depress the price of our Class A Common Stock.
The conversion of some or all of the Convertible Notes may dilute the ownership interests of our stockholders. Upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, we have the option to pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our Class A Common Stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our Class A Common Stock. If we elect to settle our conversion obligation in shares of our Class A Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of our Class A Common Stock, any sales in the public market of our Class A Common Stock issuable upon such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our Class A Common Stock.
The capped call transactions may affect the value of the Convertible Notes and our Class A Common Stock.
In connection with the pricing of the Convertible Notes, we entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions with certain option counterparties. The capped call transactions cover, subject to customary adjustments, the number of shares of our Class A Common Stock initially underlying the Convertible Notes. The capped call transactions are intended to reduce the potential dilution to our Class A Common Stock upon any conversion of Convertible Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap.
In connection with these transactions, the option counterparties or their respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to our Class A Common Stock and/or purchasing or selling our Class A Common Stock or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions following the pricing of the Convertible Notes and prior to the maturity of the Convertible Notes (and are likely to do so during any observation period prior to the maturity date of the Convertible Notes, or, to the extent we exercise the relevant termination election under the capped call transactions, following any repurchase, redemption or conversion of the Convertible Notes). This activity could also cause or avoid an increase or a decrease in the market price of our Class A Common Stock or the Convertible Notes, which could affect the ability of holders to convert the Convertible Notes and, to the extent the activity occurs during any observation period related to a conversion of Convertible Notes, it could affect the number of shares of Class A Common Stock, if any, and value of the consideration that holders will receive upon conversion of the Convertible Notes.
The potential effect, if any, of these transactions and activities on the market price of our Class A Common Stock or the Convertible Notes will depend in part on market conditions and cannot be ascertained at this time. Any of these activities could adversely affect the value of our Class A Common Stock and the value of the Convertible Notes (and as a result, the value of the consideration or the amount of cash and/or the number of shares, if any, that holders would receive upon the conversion of any notes) and, under certain circumstances, the ability of holders to convert their notes.
In addition, if any such capped call transactions fail to become effective, the option counterparties or their respective affiliates may unwind their hedge positions with respect to our Class A Common Stock, which could adversely affect the value of our Class A Common Stock and the value of the Convertible Notes.
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We are subject to counterparty risk with respect to the capped call transactions.
The option counterparties are financial institutions, and we are subject to the risk that any or all of them might default under the capped call transactions. Our exposure to the credit risk of the option counterparties is not secured by any collateral.
If an option counterparty becomes subject to insolvency proceedings, we will become an unsecured creditor in those proceedings with a claim equal to our exposure at that time under the capped call transaction with such option counterparty. Our exposure will depend on many factors but, generally, an increase in our exposure will be correlated to an increase in the market price and in the volatility of our Class A Common Stock. In addition, upon a default by an option counterparty, we may suffer more dilution than we currently anticipate with respect to our Class A Common Stock. We can provide no assurances as to the financial stability or viability of the option counterparties.
Risks Relating to Our Organizational Structure
Our principal asset is our interest in Intuitive Machines, LLC, and, accordingly, we will depend on distributions from Intuitive Machines, LLC to pay our taxes and expenses, including payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, and to pay dividends. Intuitive Machines, LLC’s ability to make such distributions may be subject to various limitations and restrictions.
We are a holding company and have no material assets other than our equity interest in Intuitive Machines, LLC. As such, we have no independent means of generating revenue or cash flow, and our ability to pay our taxes and operating expenses, declare and pay dividends in the future, and otherwise service our debt, including the Convertible Notes, are dependent upon the financial results and cash flows of Intuitive Machines, LLC and its subsidiaries and distributions we receive from Intuitive Machines, LLC. Intuitive Machines, LLC and its subsidiaries may not generate sufficient cash flow to distribute funds to us and applicable state law and contractual restrictions, including negative covenants in our debt instruments, may not permit such distributions.
We anticipate that Intuitive Machines, LLC will continue to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such, will not be subject to any entity-level U.S. federal income tax. Instead, taxable income will be allocated to holders of interests in Intuitive Machines, LLC, including us. Accordingly, we will incur income taxes on our allocable share of any net taxable income of Intuitive Machines, LLC. Under the terms of the Amended and Restated (“A&R”) Operating Agreement, Intuitive Machines, LLC is obligated, subject to various limitations and restrictions, including with respect to any applicable credit agreements, to make tax distributions to holders of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units and Series A Preferred Units, including us. In addition to tax expenses, we will also incur expenses related to our operations, including payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, which we expect could be significant.
We intend, as its managing member, to cause Intuitive Machines, LLC to make (i) pro rata tax distributions to the members of Intuitive Machines, LLC (“Intuitive Machine Members”) in an amount sufficient to fund all or part of their tax obligations in respect of taxable income allocated to them and to cover our tax obligations, other than with respect to income allocated to the Series A Preferred Units, but including payments due under the Tax Receivable Agreement, (ii) additional tax distributions to us to the extent necessary to cover our tax obligations with respect to income from the Series A Preferred Units and (iii) distributions to us to pay our operating expenses and to fund any dividends, including dividends made on the Series A Preferred Stock. However, Intuitive Machines, LLC’s ability to make such distributions may be subject to various limitations and restrictions, such as restrictions on distributions that would either violate any contract or agreement to which Intuitive Machines, LLC is then a party, including debt agreements, or any applicable law, or that would have the effect of rendering Intuitive Machines, LLC insolvent. If we do not have sufficient funds to pay our tax or other liabilities or to fund our operations (including, if applicable, as a result of an acceleration of our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement), we may have to borrow funds, which could materially adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition and subject us to various restrictions imposed by any such lenders. To the extent that we are unable to make timely payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement for any reason, such payments generally will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid; provided, however, that nonpayment for a specified period may constitute a material breach of a material obligation under the Tax Receivable Agreement resulting in a termination of the Tax Receivable Agreement and the acceleration of payments due under the Tax Receivable Agreement.
Under the A&R Operating Agreement, we intend to cause Intuitive Machines, LLC, from time to time, to make pro rata distributions in cash to each holder of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units (including us) in amounts at least sufficient to cover the taxes imposed on their allocable share of net taxable income of Intuitive Machines, LLC. As a result of (i) potential differences in the amount of net taxable income allocable to us and to Intuitive Machines, LLC’s other members, (ii) the lower tax rate applicable to corporations compared to individuals, and (iii) certain tax benefits that we anticipate from (a) future purchases or redemptions of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units from the Intuitive Machines Members (other than us) and (b) payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, these cash distributions may be in amounts that
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exceed our actual tax liabilities with respect to the relevant taxable year, including our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement. Our Board will determine the appropriate uses for any such excess cash, which may include, among other uses, the payment of obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement and the payment of other expenses. We will have no obligation to distribute such cash (or other available cash) to our stockholders. No adjustments to the exchange ratio for Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units and corresponding shares of Class A Common Stock will be made as a result of any cash distribution by us or any retention of cash by us, and in any event the ratio will remain one-to-one. To the extent we do not distribute such excess cash as dividends on our stock, we may take other actions with respect to such excess cash, for example, holding such excess cash, or lending it (or a portion thereof) to Intuitive Machines, LLC, which may result in shares of our Class A Common Stock increasing in value relative to the value of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units. Following such loan or a contribution of such excess cash to Intuitive Machines, LLC, we may, but are not required to, make an adjustment to the outstanding number of Intuitive Machine, LLC Common Units held by the Intuitive Machines Members (other than us). In the absence of such adjustment, the Intuitive Machines Members may benefit from any value attributable to such cash and/or loan balances if they acquire shares of Class A Common Stock in exchange for their Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units, notwithstanding that such holders may have participated previously as holders of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units in distributions that resulted in such excess cash balances.
The Tax Receivable Agreement with the TRA Holders (as defined below) requires us to make cash payments to them in respect of certain tax benefits to which we may become entitled, and we expect that the payments we will be required to make will be substantial.
We are party to a Tax Receivable Agreement with Intuitive Machines, LLC and certain Intuitive Machines Members (the “TRA Holders”). Under the Tax Receivable Agreement, we are required to make cash payments to the TRA Holders equal to 85% of the amount of cash tax savings, if any, that we actually realize, or in certain circumstances are deemed to realize (calculated using certain assumptions), as a result of the Existing Basis, Basis Adjustments and Interest Deductions (each as defined below). The actual amount of cash tax savings will depend on, among other things, changes in the relevant tax law, whether we earn sufficient taxable income to realize all tax benefits that are subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement and the timing of any future redemptions or exchanges of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units. We will depend on cash distributions from Intuitive Machines, LLC to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. Any payments made by us to the TRA Holders under the Tax Receivable Agreement will generally reduce the amount of cash that might have otherwise been available to us. Due to the uncertainty of various factors, we cannot precisely quantify the likely tax benefits we will realize as a result of the purchase of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units and Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Unit exchanges, and the resulting amounts we are likely to pay out to the TRA Holders pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement; however, we estimate that such payments will be substantial.
The payment obligation is an obligation of us and not of Intuitive Machines, LLC. Any payments made by us to the TRA Holders under the Tax Receivable Agreement will not be available for reinvestment in our business and will generally reduce the amount of overall cash flow that might have otherwise been available to us. To the extent that we are unable to make timely payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement for any reason, such payments will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid by us. Payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement are not conditioned upon one or more of the TRA Holders maintaining a continued ownership interest in Intuitive Machines, LLC or us. Furthermore, if we experience a Change of Control (as defined under the A&R Operating Agreement), which includes certain mergers, asset sales and other forms of business combinations, we would be obligated to make an immediate payment, and such payment may be significantly in advance of, and may materially exceed, the actual realization, if any, of the future tax benefits to which the payment relates. This payment obligation could (i) make us a less attractive target for an acquisition, particularly in the case of an acquirer that cannot use some or all of the tax benefits that are the subject of the Tax Receivable Agreement and (ii) result in holders of our Class A Common Stock receiving substantially less consideration in connection with a change of control transaction than they would receive in the absence of such obligation. Accordingly, the TRA Holders’ interests may conflict with those of the holders of our Class A Common Stock.
In addition, decisions we make in the course of running our business, such as with respect to mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations or other changes in control, may influence the timing and amount of payments made under the Tax Receivable Agreement. For example, the earlier disposition of assets following a redemption or exchange of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units may accelerate the recognition of associated tax benefits for which we would be required to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement and increase the present value of such payments, and the disposition of assets before a redemption or exchange of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units may increase the tax liability of the TRA Holders (or their transferees or assignees) without giving rise to any rights to receive payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement with respect to tax attributes associated with such assets.
The ability to generate tax assets covered by the Tax Receivable Agreement, and the actual use of any resulting tax benefits, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of redemptions or exchanges of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units by, or purchases of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units from, the TRA Holders (or their transferees or other
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assignees), the price of our Class A Common Stock at the time of the redemption, exchange or purchase, the extent to which such redemptions, exchanges or purchases are taxable, the amount and timing of the taxable income allocated to us or otherwise generated by us in the future; the tax rates and laws then applicable and the portion of our payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement constituting imputed interest.
In certain cases, payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement to the TRA Holders may be accelerated and/or significantly exceed any actual benefits we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement.
The Tax Receivable Agreement provides that if (i) we materially breach any of our material obligations thereunder or the Tax Receivable Agreement is rejected by operation of law, (ii) certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations or other changes of control were to occur after the Closing Date or (iii) we elect an early termination of the Tax Receivable Agreement, then our obligations, or our successor’s obligations, under the Tax Receivable Agreement to make payments would be accelerated and become immediately due and payable. The amount due and payable in those circumstances is based on the present value (at a discount rate equal to the secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) plus 100 basis points) of projected future tax benefits that are based on certain assumptions, including an assumption that we would have sufficient taxable income to fully use all potential future tax benefits that are subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement.
As a result of the foregoing, we would be required to make an immediate cash payment that may be made significantly in advance of the actual realization, if any, of such future tax benefits. We could also be required to make cash payments to the TRA Holders that are greater than 85% of the actual cash tax savings we ultimately realize in respect of the tax benefits that are subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement. In these situations, our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement could have a substantial negative impact on our liquidity and could have the effect of deferring or preventing certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations or other changes of control. We may need to incur debt to finance payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement to the extent our cash resources are insufficient to meet our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement as a result of timing discrepancies or otherwise. We may not be able to fund or finance our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement.
We will not be reimbursed for any payments made to the TRA Holders under the Tax Receivable Agreement in the event that any tax benefits are disallowed.
Payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be based on the tax reporting positions that we determine, which are complex and factual in nature, and the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or another taxing authority may challenge all or part of the tax basis increases or other tax benefits we claim, as well as other related tax positions we take, and a court could sustain such challenge. If the outcome of any such challenge would reasonably be expected to materially affect a recipient’s rights and obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement, then our ability to settle such challenges may be restricted by the rights of the TRA Holders pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement, and such restrictions apply for as long as the Tax Receivable Agreement remains in effect. In addition, we will not be reimbursed for any cash payments previously made to the TRA Holders under the Tax Receivable Agreement in the event that any tax benefits initially claimed by us and for which payment has been made to a TRA Holder are subsequently challenged by a taxing authority and are ultimately disallowed. Instead, any excess cash payments made by us to a TRA Holder will be netted against any future cash payments that we might otherwise be required to make to such TRA Holder under the terms of the Tax Receivable Agreement. However, we might not determine that we have effectively made an excess cash payment to a TRA Holder for a number of years following the initial time of such payment and, if any of our tax reporting positions are challenged by a taxing authority, we will not be permitted to reduce any future cash payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement until any such challenge is finally settled or determined. Moreover, the excess cash payments we made previously under the Tax Receivable Agreement could be greater than the amount of future cash payments against which we would otherwise be permitted to net such excess. As a result, payments could be made under the Tax Receivable Agreement significantly in excess of 85% of the actual cash tax savings that we realize in respect of the tax attributes with respect to a TRA Holder that are the subject of the Tax Receivable Agreement.
If Intuitive Machines, LLC were to become a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we and Intuitive Machines, LLC might be subject to potentially significant tax inefficiencies, and we would not be able to recover payments we previously made under the Tax Receivable Agreement even if the corresponding tax benefits were subsequently determined to have been unavailable due to such status.
We and Intuitive Machines, LLC intend to operate such that Intuitive Machines, LLC does not become a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A “publicly traded partnership” is a partnership, the interests of which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof. Under certain circumstances, exercises of the Intuitive Machines, LLC Options, redemptions and exchanges of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units pursuant to the Intuitive Machines Members’ redemption and
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exchange rights as described under the A&R Operating Agreement or other transfers of Intuitive Machines, LLC units could cause Intuitive Machines, LLC to be treated as a publicly traded partnership. Applicable U.S. Treasury regulations provide for certain safe harbors from treatment as a publicly traded partnership, and we intend to operate so that redemptions, exchanges and other transfers of Intuitive Machines, LLC units qualify for one or more such safe harbors. For example, we intend to limit the number of unitholders of Intuitive Machines, LLC, and the A&R Operating Agreement provides for limitations on the ability of unitholders of Intuitive Machines, LLC to transfer their Intuitive Machines, LLC units and will provide us, as managing member of Intuitive Machines, LLC, with the right to impose restrictions (in addition to those already in place) on the ability of owners of Intuitive Machines, LLC to redeem, exchange or otherwise transfer their Intuitive Machines, LLC units to the extent we believe it is necessary to ensure that Intuitive Machines, LLC will continue to be classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
If Intuitive Machines, LLC were to become a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, significant tax inefficiencies might result for us and for Intuitive Machines, LLC, including as a result of our inability to file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return with Intuitive Machines, LLC. In addition, we may not be able to realize tax benefits covered under the Tax Receivable Agreement, and we would not be able to recover any payments previously made by us under the Tax Receivable Agreement, even if the corresponding tax benefits (including any claimed increase in the tax basis of Intuitive Machines, LLC’s assets) were subsequently determined to have been unavailable.
If we were deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, as a result of our ownership of Intuitive Machines, LLC, applicable restrictions could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Under Sections 3(a)(1)(A) and (C) of the Investment Company Act, a company generally will be deemed to be an “investment company” for purposes of the Investment Company Act if (i) it is, or holds itself out as being, engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities or (ii) it engages, or proposes to engage, in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and it owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. We do not believe that we are an “investment company,” as such term is defined in either of those sections of the Investment Company Act.
As the sole managing member of Intuitive Machines, LLC, we control and operate Intuitive Machines, LLC. On that basis, we believe that our interest in Intuitive Machines, LLC is not an “investment security” as that term is used in the Investment Company Act. However, if we were to cease participation in the management of Intuitive Machines, LLC, our interest in Intuitive Machines, LLC could be deemed an “investment security” for purposes of the Investment Company Act.
We and Intuitive Machines, LLC intend to continue to conduct our operations so that we will not be deemed an investment company. However, if we were to be deemed an investment company, restrictions imposed by the Investment Company Act, including limitations on our capital structure and our ability to transact with affiliates, could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We and Intuitive Machines, LLC are controlled by our Founders (as defined below), whose interests may differ from those of our public stockholders.
Our Founders Dr. Kamal Ghaffarian, Stephen Altemus and Timothy Crain and their permitted transferees (collectively, the “Founders”), have control over almost all stockholder decisions because they control a substantial majority of the combined voting power. This may limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters. As of March 11, 2026, our Founders collectively control approximately 52% of the combined voting power of our common stock primarily as a result of their ownership of Class C Common Stock, each share of which is entitled to three votes on all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders.
As a result, the Intuitive Machines Founders have the ability to control any action requiring the general approval of our stockholders, including the election and removal of directors and thereby determine corporate and management policies, including potential mergers or acquisitions, payment of dividends, asset sales, amendments to the Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws and other significant corporate transactions for so long as they retain significant ownership of our Class C Common Stock. This concentration of ownership and voting power may also delay, defer or even prevent an acquisition by a third party or other change of control of us and may make some transactions more difficult or impossible without their support, even if such events are in the best interests of minority stockholders. This concentration of voting power may have a negative impact on the trading price of Class A Common Stock.
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Our Founders are entitled to vote their shares, and shares over which they have voting control, in their own interests, which may not always be in the interests of our stockholders generally. Because our Founders hold their economic interest in our business through Intuitive Machines, LLC, rather than through us, they may have conflicting interests with holders of shares of Class A Common Stock. For example, our Founders may have a different tax position from us, which could influence their decisions regarding whether and when we should dispose of assets or incur new or refinance existing indebtedness, especially in light of the existence of the Tax Receivable Agreement, and whether and when we should undergo certain changes of control within the meaning of the Tax Receivable Agreement or terminate the Tax Receivable Agreement. In addition, the structuring of future transactions may take into consideration these tax or other considerations even where no similar benefit would accrue to us. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement.” In addition, our Founders’ ability to effectively control us may discourage someone from making a significant equity investment in us, or could discourage transactions involving a change in control, including transactions in which you as a holder of shares of Class A Common Stock might otherwise receive a premium for your shares over the then-current market price.
We cannot predict the impact our multi-class structure may have on our stock price.
We cannot predict whether our multi-class structure will result in a lower or more volatile market price of our Class A Common Stock or in adverse publicity or other adverse consequences. Our multi-class capital structure may make us ineligible for inclusion in certain indices, and as a result, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and other investment vehicles that attempt to passively track these indices will not be investing in our stock. In addition, other stock indices may take similar actions. Given the sustained flow of investment funds into passive strategies that seek to track certain indices, exclusion from certain stock indices would likely preclude investment by many of these funds and would make our Class A Common Stock less attractive to other investors. As a result, the trading price and volume of our Class A Common Stock could be adversely affected.
Risks Relating to the Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock
Delaware law and the Certificate of Incorporation and our bylaws (the “By-Laws”) contain certain provisions, including anti-takeover provisions, that limit the ability of stockholders to take certain actions and could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable.
The Certificate of Incorporation, By-Laws, and the Delaware General Corporate Law (“DGCL”), contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by the Board and therefore depress the trading price of our Class A Common Stock. These provisions could also make it difficult for stockholders to take certain actions, including electing directors who are not nominated by the then-current members of the Board or taking other corporate actions, including effecting changes in management. Among other things, the Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws include provisions regarding:
•the ability of the Board to issue shares of preferred stock, including “blank check” preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer;
•the limitation of the liability of, and the indemnification of, our directors and officers;
•the right of the Board to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the Board or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on the Board;
•the requirement that directors may only be removed from the Board for cause and upon the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the total voting power of the then outstanding capital stock;
•a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent (except for actions by the holders of Class B Common Stock, Class C Common Stock or as required for holders of any series of preferred stock), which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of stockholders and could delay the ability of stockholders to force consideration of a stockholder proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors;
•the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by the Board, the chairman of the Board or chief executive officer, which could delay the ability of stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors;
•controlling the procedures for the conduct and scheduling of the Board and stockholder meetings;
•the requirement for the affirmative vote of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the total voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of the voting stock, voting together as a single class, to amend, alter, change or repeal certain provisions in the Certificate of Incorporation which could preclude stockholders from bringing matters before
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annual or special meetings of stockholders and delay changes in the Board and also may inhibit the ability of an acquirer to effect such amendments to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt;
•the ability of the Board to amend the By-Laws, which may allow the Board to take additional actions to prevent an unsolicited takeover and inhibit the ability of an acquirer to amend the By-Laws to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt; and
•advance notice procedures with which our stockholders must comply to nominate candidates to the Board or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which could preclude stockholders from bringing matters before annual or special meetings of stockholders and delay changes in the Board and also may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.
These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in the Board or management.
In addition, as a Delaware corporation, we are generally subject to provisions of Delaware law, including the DGCL. Any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, By-Laws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control could limit the opportunity for stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our Common Stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Common Stock.
The Certificate of Incorporation designates a state or federal court located within the State of Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings between us and our stockholders, and the federal district courts as the exclusive forum for Securities Act claims, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to choose the judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.
The Certificate of Incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction, any other court located in the State of Delaware with subject matter jurisdiction, will be the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, other employee or stockholder of Intuitive Machines, Inc. to it or its stockholders, (c) any action asserting a claim against us or our officers or directors arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or By-Laws or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, (d) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of the Certificate of Incorporation or the By-Laws or any provision thereof, (e) any action asserting a claim against us or any current or former director, officer, employee, stockholder or agent of Intuitive Machines, Inc. governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the law of the State of Delaware or (f) any action asserting an “internal corporate claim” as defined in Section 115 of the DGCL. The Certificate of Incorporation also provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the federal district courts of the United States will be the exclusive forum for the resolutions of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. This provision in the Certificate of Incorporation does not address or apply to claims that arise under the Exchange Act; however, Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. To the extent these provisions could be construed to apply to such claims, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provisions in connection with such claims, and stockholders cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any of our securities of will be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation described in the preceding paragraph. These exclusive-forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of its choosing for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, and other employees. The enforceability of similar exclusive-forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that, in connection with one or more actions or proceedings described above, a court could rule that this provision in the Certificate of Incorporation is inapplicable or unenforceable. If a court were to find these exclusive-forum provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, which could harm its results of operations.
Our business and operations could be negatively affected if it becomes subject to certain claims, litigation or shareholder activism, which could, among other things, cause us to incur significant expense, negatively impact our reputation, hinder execution of business and growth strategy and impact our stock price.
We may be subject to certain claims, litigation, shareholder activism or other proceedings, which could take many forms or arise in a variety of situations. Securities litigation and stockholder activism, including potential proxy contests, could
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result in substantial costs and divert management’s and our Board’s attention and resources from our business. Additionally, the Company has been, and may in the future become, subject to litigation from customers, suppliers or other parties. For example, on November 22, 2024, an alleged successor in interest to a purported former holder of shares of our Series A Preferred Stock (the “Plaintiff”) filed a breach of contract action in the Delaware Court of Chancery alleging that Plaintiff’s predecessor received fewer shares of common stock upon conversion of its shares of Series A Preferred Stock than it was allegedly entitled to receive under the terms of the applicable certificate of designation. The Plaintiff is seeking unspecified contractual damages and equitable relief. Although we believe that we have meritorious defenses and intend to vigorously defend the litigation, we cannot be certain as to the ultimate outcome of this matter or as to any potential losses we may incur, which may be material. In addition, in October 2023, the Civil Division of the U.S. Department of Justice issued a Civil Investigative Demand as part of an investigation into allegations that Lanteris submitted, or caused to be submitted, false claims to the federal government by failing to meet cybersecurity requirements in federal regulations and government contracts issued to Lanteris and made or used false records or statements material to these false claims. Any litigation could give rise to perceived uncertainties as to our future, adversely affect our relationships with service providers and make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel. Also, we may be required to incur significant legal fees and other expenses related to any litigation and activist stockholder matters. Further, our stock price could be subject to significant fluctuation or otherwise be adversely affected by the events, risks and uncertainties of any litigation and stockholder activism.
We may issue shares of preferred stock in the future, which could make it difficult for another company to acquire us or could otherwise adversely affect holders of Class A Common Stock, which could depress the trading price of our Class A Common Stock.
Our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes us to issue one or more series of preferred stock. Our Board has the authority to determine the preferences, limitations and relative rights of the shares of preferred stock and to fix the number of shares constituting any series and the designation of such series, without any further vote or action by our stockholders. Our preferred stock could be issued with voting, liquidation, dividend and other rights superior to the rights of Class A Common Stock. The potential issuance of preferred stock may delay or prevent a change in control of us, discourage bids for Class A Common Stock at a premium to the market price and materially and adversely affect the market price and the voting and other rights of the holders of Class A Common Stock.
Sales of a substantial number of our securities in the public market by our existing securityholders could cause the price of our shares of Common Stock to fall.
Sales of a substantial number of our shares of Class A Common Stock in the public market by our existing securityholders, including through the exercise of registration rights granted by us, or the perception that those sales might occur, could depress the market price of our Class A Common Stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that such sales may have on the prevailing market price of our Class A Common Stock.
Our issuance of additional capital stock in connection with financings, acquisitions, investments, the Equity Incentive Plan or otherwise will dilute all other stockholders.
We expect to issue additional capital stock in the future that will result in dilution to all other stockholders. We expect to grant equity awards to employees and directors under the Equity Incentive Plan. We also intend to raise capital through equity financings in the future. As part of our business strategy, we may acquire or make investments in complementary companies, products or technologies and issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition or investment. Any such issuances of additional capital stock may cause stockholders to experience significant dilution of their ownership interests and the per share value of our common stock to decline.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
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Item 1C. Cybersecurity
Risk Management and Strategy
Intuitive Machines uses several methods for controlling cybersecurity risks/threats. We use next generation firewall hardware to identify threats and malware and block those in transit before they reach our networks. We use software that identifies malware/viruses and blocks those before execution. We also implement software tools that create weekly reports of vulnerabilities for the Information Technology (“IT”) organization to review and action. Additionally, we have systems that collect logs and events from various elements within the networks including firewalls, servers, network hardware, and user equipment and displays all these events in one place for forensic analysis and tracking. If any security incidents do occur, they are tracked within our incident response system through to closure. We also engage with third party consultants to assess cyber risk to both our mission operations network and our business operations network.
In addition, in connection with the acquisition of Lanteris completed on January 13, 2026, we entered into a Transition Service Agreement (“TSA”) with Vantor under which Vantor provides comprehensive cybersecurity and IT security services to Lanteris for an initial nine-month period while Lanteris establishes independent cybersecurity infrastructure. Lanteris and Vantor were both part of Maxar Technologies, with Vantor managing cybersecurity and IT operations. Under the TSA, Vantor provides continuous security monitoring and incident response through a 24/7 Security Operations Center supplemented by managed detection and response services, endpoint and cloud security protections, email security, network threat detection, vulnerability management, threat intelligence, and vendor risk assessment capabilities. Vantor's cybersecurity organization is led by a Chief Information Security Officer, with dedicated teams for security operations, threat intelligence, cyber engineering, vulnerability management, cyber resiliency, governance risk and compliance, and program management. This organizational structure will continue through the duration of the TSA. Lanteris is transitioning these services to independently managed infrastructure, establishing direct vendor relationships, implementing security governance frameworks, and building equivalent monitoring and incident response capabilities. Lanteris has a dedicated cybersecurity team of 12 professionals covering security architecture and engineering, governance, risk and compliance, and application security. We expect to exit the TSA for cybersecurity services by October 2026.
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Governance
We have implemented cybersecurity policies and frameworks based on industry and governmental standards. As a government contractor, we must comply with extensive regulations, including requirements imposed by International Standards such as ISO/IEC 20000-1:2018 Information Technology – Service Management and ISO/IEC 27001:2013 Information Technology – Security Techniques, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication (SP) 800 Series requirements and controls, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) guidance, applicable Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) and Federal Acquisition Regulations guidance, and are continuing progress towards full implementation of the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) 2.0 standards in 2026.
Item 2. Properties
Houston, Texas. Our corporate headquarters, completed in late 2023, is a leased facility at the Houston Spaceport at Ellington Airport that provides office and advanced production space. In July 2025, we executed a sublease for additional office and production space at the Houston Spaceport at Ellington Airport. The leased production space includes turn-key production equipment, including test facilities.
Palo Alto and San Jose, California. Lanteris, the Company’s recent acquisition that closed in January 13, 2026, operates out of multiple locations in California that provides manufacturing and office space. The Palo Alto facility supports spacecraft design, systems engineering, and program management and the San Jose facility supports large-scale spacecraft manufacturing, assembly, integration, and testing.
In addition, we lease various other facilities within the United States to support mechanisms and robotics, research and development, manufacturing and office space. We believe that our facilities are adequate to meet our needs for the immediate future.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in various pending and threatened litigation matters. In the future, we may be subject to additional legal proceedings, the scope and severity of which is unknown and could adversely affect our business. In addition, from time to time, we may receive letters or other forms of communication asserting claims against us.
On November 22, 2024, Starlight Strategies IV LLC (“Plaintiff”), an alleged successor in interest to a purported former holder of shares of the Company’s 10% Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) filed a breach of contract action in Delaware Chancery Court. The complaint alleges that the Plaintiff’s predecessor received fewer shares of common stock upon conversion of its shares of Series A Preferred Stock than it was allegedly entitled to receive under the terms of the applicable certificate of designation. The Plaintiff is seeking unspecified contractual damages and equitable relief. The Company has filed its answer to the complaint and asserted counterclaims against the Plaintiff and third-party claims against certain entities affiliated with the Plaintiff. Also, on
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January 24, 2025, Kingstown 1740 Fund L.P. and Kingstown Capital Partners LLC (together, “Kingstown”) moved to intervene, seeking to file a complaint in intervention against Starlight. The court granted Kingstown leave to intervene. In connection with the intervention, the Company has agreed to pay Kingstown’s legal fees. In February 2026, the Company and Plaintiff filed motions for summary judgment. The court granted parties leave to move for summary judgment. The Company has not recorded an accrual related to this matter because a loss is not considered probable or reasonably estimable at this time.
In October 2023, the Civil Division of the U.S. Department of Justice issued a Civil Investigative Demand as part of an investigation into allegations that Lanteris submitted, or caused to be submitted, false claims to the federal government by failing to meet cybersecurity requirements in federal regulations and government contracts issued to Lanteris and made or used false records or statements material to these false claims. In late 2025, the Department of Justice presented its initial civil investigation review to Lanteris that it alleged constitute False Claims Act violations related to certain federal government contracts awarded to it. Lanteris is cooperating with the investigation. In connection with the Company’s acquisition of Lanteris, the Seller Parent (as defined in the Lanteris Purchase Agreement) agreed to indemnify Intuitive Machines and its affiliates for the liability of Lanteris related to this investigation. At the request of the Department of Justice, a response and counter arguments to dispute the department’s assertions against Lanteris of False Claims Act violations will be made in the coming months.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
Our Class A Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market (the “Nasdaq”) under the symbol “LUNR.”
Holders
As of March 11, 2026, there were 110 holders of record of our Class A Common Stock, 0 holders of record of our Class B Common Stock, 5 holders of record of our Class C Common Stock and 1 holder of record of our Series A Preferred Stock. The number of Class A common stockholders does not include the stockholders whose shares are held in “street name” by brokers, financial institutions, and other nominees. The actual number of stockholders is greater than the number of holders of record.
Dividend Policy
We have not declared or paid dividends on our common stock to date. We have no current plans to pay dividends on our Class A Common Stock in the foreseeable future. Holders of our Class B Common Stock and Class C Common Stock do not have any right to receive dividends. The declaration, amount, and payment of any future dividends on shares of Class A Common Stock is at the sole discretion of our Board and will depend on a number of factors, including general and economic conditions, our financial condition and operating results, our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax, and regulatory restrictions and implications on the payment of dividends by us to our stockholders or by our subsidiaries to us, and such other factors as our Board may deem relevant.
Sale of Unregistered Securities and Use of Proceeds
On October 1, 2025, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,104,178 shares of Class A Common Stock, valued at $11.7 million, to the seller as partial consideration in connection with the Company’s acquisition of KinetX. The shares of Class A Common Stock were issued in reliance upon the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act provided by Section 4(a)(2) thereof as a transaction by an issuer not involving any public offering. There were no other unregistered sales of our equity securities during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, that were not otherwise disclosed in a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or a Current Report on Form 8-K.
Issuer Purchases of Equity of Securities
None.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement for the 2026 Shareholders Meeting.
Item 6. Reserved
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
As a result of the closing of the Business Combination (as defined in Note 1) on February 13, 2023, which was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP, the financial statements of Intuitive Machines, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and our wholly-owned subsidiary, are now the financial statements of the Company. You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report. Certain of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Annual Report, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, including those factors set forth in the sections titled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and Part I. Item 1A. “Risk Factors” included in this Annual Report, our actual results could differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this section to the “Company,” “IM,” “Intuitive Machines,” “we,” “us,”, or “our” refer to Intuitive Machines, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Overview
Intuitive Machines, Inc., collectively with its subsidiaries (the “Company,” “IM,” “Intuitive Machines,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is a space infrastructure and services company founded in 2013 and focused on enabling sustained infrastructure and human activity beyond Earth. We believe the United States is transitioning from episodic space missions to long-duration operations and persistent presence, and we are building the systems and services required to support this evolution across civil, national security, and commercial markets.
We design, build, integrate and operate spacecraft, communications networks, and space systems that support operations across low Earth orbit (“LEO”), geostationary orbit (“GEO”), cislunar space, and deep space. Our strategy is to evolve space activity from single-mission execution toward continuously operating infrastructure by combining spacecraft delivery with network connectivity and long-term operations. We believe this approach positions us to support enduring government requirements while enabling the development of a commercial space economy.
Our operating model is organized around three integrated capabilities:
•Build — designing, manufacturing, and delivering spacecraft, landers, satellites, surface systems, propulsion, and avionics for government and commercial customers;
•Connect — integrating deployed assets into communications, navigation, command and control, and data relay networks that enable persistent connectivity; and
•Operate — providing mission operations, hosted payload services, data services, navigation and timing capabilities, and other infrastructure-based offerings.
We believe that operating deployed systems as infrastructure, rather than concluding at delivery, creates opportunities for longer-duration contracts, recurring revenue, and margin expansion over time.
Recent Developments
Stock Purchase Agreement - KinetX, Inc.
On October 1, 2025, we completed the stock purchase agreement to acquire 100% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of KinetX, Inc (“KinetX”), a privately-held, Arizona-based aerospace company with more than 30 years of experience delivering flight-proven, deep space navigation, systems engineering, ground software, and constellation mission to the U.S. government and international customers. The consideration for the acquisition totaled approximately $31.3 million, consisting of cash consideration of $15.0 million, seller payable adjustments of $1.1 million treated as consideration transferred, and the issuance of 1,104,178 shares of our Class A Common Stock valued at $11.7 million based on the acquisition date closing stock price of $10.61. Approximately 329,827 shares of Class A Common Stock, valued at $3.5 million, were held back in escrow to settle any post-closing adjustments and/or potential claims. We funded the cash consideration using cash on hand.
The acquisition is intended to reinforce our flight dynamics and navigation integrated connect capabilities. We plan to pair KinetX software and talent with its lunar-proven flight systems, positioning us to lead in emerging opportunities like NASA’s Near Space Network services, the potential for Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System replacement, Mars data
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relay missions, and commercial operations of legacy Deep Space Network infrastructure. See Note 3 - Acquisitions for more information on the acquisition of KinetX.
Subsequent Events
Lanteris Acquisition
On January 13, 2026, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Lanteris, pursuant to a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement with Vantor Holdings Inc. Formerly Maxar Space Systems, Lanteris is a spacecraft manufacturer serving national security, commercial and civil customers. In alignment with our vision, we believe the acquisition of Lanteris positions us as a vertically integrated, next generation space prime that can design, manufacture, deliver, and operate missions from earth orbit to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. See Note 19 - Subsequent Events for additional information on the Lanteris acquisition.
Stifel Loan Agreement
On January 12, 2026, the Company and Stifel Bank entered into a waiver, in respect to the loan agreement, pursuant to which Stifel Bank consented to the acquisition of Lanteris (as discussed above and in Note 19 - Subsequent Events) and halted any borrowing and covenant obligations by the Company under the revolving credit facility. See Note 8 - Debt for additional information on this loan and security agreement.
Securities Purchase Agreement
On February 27, 2026, the Company completed a definitive securities purchase agreement (“Securities Purchase Agreement”) with certain institutional investors or their affiliates (collectively, the “Investors”) relating to the issuance and sale to the Investors of shares of Class A Common Stock at a price of $15.12 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $175.0 million. See Note 19 - Subsequent Events for additional information.
Key Factors Affecting Our Performance
We believe that our future success and financial performance depend on several factors that present significant opportunities for our business, but also pose risks and challenges, including those discussed below and in the section titled Part I., Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report.
Inflation and Macroeconomic Pressures
The global economy continues to experience volatile disruptions including to the commodity and labor markets. These disruptions have contributed to an inflationary environment which has affected, and may continue to adversely affect, the price and availability of certain products and services necessary for our operations, which in turn, has adversely impacted, and may continue to adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We continue to monitor economic conditions and the impact of macroeconomic pressures, including repercussions from elevated interest rates, sustained inflation and recession fears, supply chain disruptions, monetary and fiscal policy measures (including future actions or inactions of the United States government related to the “debt-ceiling” or “Department of Government Efficiency” actions), heightened geopolitical tensions (such as the war in Ukraine and Israel), changes to the U.S. federal budget, current or future government shutdowns, and the political and regulatory environment (including changes as a result of policy shifts implemented by the current administration) on our business, customers, suppliers and other third parties. While rising costs and other inflationary pressures have not had a material impact on our business to date, we are monitoring the situation and assessing its impact on our business, including to our partners and customers.
During 2025, we observed a significant shift in U.S. trade policy, with increased tariffs and the imposition of new tariffs that could impact our supply chain and our business. While some of these wide-reaching tariffs have been paused, these trade policy decisions are outside of our control and may have consequences for our business. Changes in trade policies, such as new tariffs or increases in tariffs, or reactionary measures including retaliatory tariffs or legal challenges, could have an adverse impact on our business. Even though we primarily sell our products and services to U.S. Government customers and our suppliers are primarily domestic, we have some exposure to imported materials and components. Based on current conditions, we do not expect a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition over the next year. We will continue to monitor the evolving trade landscape and assess potential implications on our supply chain and business.
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On September 30, 2025, the continuing resolution allowing U.S. government departments and agencies to operate through the end of the government fiscal year expired and the U.S. government entered a shutdown. Recently, from January 31, 2026 to February 3, 2026, the U.S. government partially shut down. As a result of any U.S. government shutdown, our business, program performance and results of operations may be impacted by the disruptions to federal government offices, workers, and operations, including risks relating to the funding of certain programs, stop work orders, delay in contract awards, new program starts, payments for work performed from U.S. government entities, and other actions. We may also experience similar impacts in the event of a series of short-term continuing resolutions rather than full-year fiscal year 2026 appropriations. Generally, the significance of these impacts will primarily be based on the length of the shutdown and timing of passage of a new continuing resolutions or a full budget.
Our ability to expand our product and services offerings
We are in the preliminary stages of developing our full space infrastructure offerings. These services are expected to grant customers access to cislunar space and the lunar surface at lower price points than previous lunar missions. We are also working to provide data transmission services at lunar distance to include far-side connectivity, along with ancillary services that are likely to include orbital servicing, earth reentry, and payload development and manufacture.
Our growth opportunity is dependent on our ability to win lunar missions and expand our portfolio of services. Our ability to sell additional products and services to existing customers is a key part of our success, as follow-on purchases indicate customer satisfaction and decrease the likelihood of competitive substitution. To sell additional products and services to new and existing customers, we will need to continue to invest significant resources in our products and services as well as demonstrate reliability through a successful lunar landing. If we fail to make the right investment decisions, are unable to raise capital, if customers do not adopt our products and services, or if our competitors are able to develop technology or products and services that are superior to ours, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
We expect to make significant investments in our lunar and data programs in the short term. Although we believe that our financial resources will be sufficient to meet our capital needs in the short term, our timeline and budgeted costs for these offerings are subject to substantial uncertainty, including due to compliance requirements of U.S. federal export control laws and applicable foreign and local regulations, the impact of political and economic conditions, and the need to identify opportunities and negotiate long-term agreements with customers for these services, among other factors. Our business may not generate sufficient funds, and we may otherwise be unable to maintain sufficient cash reserves to pay any additional indebtedness that we may incur.
Our ability to expand spaceflight mission operations
Our success will partially depend on our ability to expand our lunar mission operations and win government contracts in 2026 and beyond. We completed the first mission in February 2024 and completed our second mission in March 2025. With binding agreements for additional launches as of December 31, 2025, we have $213.1 million in contracted backlog, and we are in active discussions with numerous potential customers, including government agencies and private companies, to potentially add to our contracted revenue backlog.
Prior to commencing missions, we must complete internal integration activities as well as launch vehicle integration with our launch provider, SpaceX. Any delays to our targeted mission launch date or in commencing our missions, including due to congestion at the pad launch site or delays in obtaining various approvals or licenses, could adversely impact our results and growth plans. As we improve production efficiency and schedule reliability and begin to launch our satellites for our lunar data network, we expect to improve our market penetration, which we believe will lead to higher revenue from both volume and mission complexity as well as increased operating leverage.
Ability to continue to capitalize on government expenditures and private enterprise investment in the space economy
Our future growth is largely dependent on our ability to continue to capitalize on increased government spending and private investment in the space economy. U.S. federal government expenditures and private enterprise investment have fueled our growth in recent years, and it has resulted in our continued ability to secure increasingly valuable contracts for products and services. An increased focus on U.S. federal government spending could unfavorably impact the space exploration sector in the future. On January 20, 2025, President Donald J. Trump announced an executive order establishing the “Department of Government Efficiency” to maximize government efficiency and productivity. Pressures on and uncertainty surrounding the U.S. federal government’s budget and potential changes in budgetary priorities, could adversely affect the funding for individual programs and delay purchasing decisions by our customers. If our existing programs and project pursuits are not focused on the federal government’s higher priorities, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
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Ability to improve profit margins and scale our business
The growth of our business is dependent on our ability to improve our profit margins over time while successfully scaling our business. We intend to continue investing in initiatives to improve our operating leverage and significantly increase utilization. Our ability to achieve our production-efficiency objectives could be negatively impacted by a variety of factors including, among other things, lower-than-expected facility utilization rates, manufacturing and production cost overruns, increased purchased material costs and unexpected supply-chain quality issues or interruptions. If we are unable to achieve our goals, we may not be able to increase operating margin, which would negatively impact gross margin and profitability.
Our ability to continue to innovate
We design, build, and test our landers, satellites, spacecraft and subsystems in-house and operate at the forefront of composite structures, liquid rocket engines, guidance, navigation and control software, precision landing and hazard avoidance software, and advanced manufacturing techniques. We believe the synergy of these technologies enables greater responsiveness to the commercial and government requirements for lunar exploration. To continue establishing market share and attracting customers, we plan to continue to make substantial investments in research and development for the continued enhancements of our landers, lunar data network, and other space systems. Over time, we expect our research and development expenditures to continue to grow on an absolute basis, but remain consistent or decrease as a percent of our total revenue as we expand our service offerings.
Components of Results of Operations
Service revenue
We perform work under contracts that broadly consist of fixed-price, cost-reimbursable, time-and-materials or a combination of the three. Pricing for all customers is based on specific negotiations with each customer. For a description of our revenue recognition policies, see the section titled “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.”
Historically, most of our revenue has been derived from fixed-price, long-term contracts for the delivery of payloads to the lunar surface. In order to satisfy these contracts, we undertake the engineering for the research, design, development, manufacturing, integration and sustainment of advanced technology space systems. The integration of these technologies and systems lead to an organic and integrated capability to provide lunar access on a commercial services basis. Individual contracts are aggregated by mission (e.g., IM-2, IM-3, IM-4) for management purposes. Revenue is measured based on the amount of consideration specified in a contract with the customer.
We recognize revenue when we transfer control of a promised good or service to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for the good or service. Under the overtime revenue recognition model, revenue and gross profit are recognized over the contract period as work is performed based on actual costs incurred and an estimate of costs to complete and resulting total estimated costs at completion.
Revenue from long-term contracts can fluctuate from period to period largely based on the stage of the project and overall mission. These projects will typically have a ramp up period in the beginning stage and wind down as the mission nears the targeted launch date. A significant portion of the revenue (approximately 10% of the contract price) contains variable consideration which is constrained to nil for accounting purposes as it is dependent on a successful mission landing. This may cause fluctuations in future revenue, profits and cash flows.
Since late 2023, we have been performing a more significant amount of work on cost-reimbursable contracts such as OMES III. Under cost-reimbursable contracts, the price is generally variable based upon our actual allowable costs incurred for materials, equipment, reimbursable labor hours, overhead and G&A expenses. Profit on cost-reimbursable contracts may be in the form of a fixed fee or a mark-up applied to costs incurred, or a combination of the two. The fee may also be an incentive fee based on performance indicators, milestones or targets and can be based on customer discretion or in the form of an award fee determined based on customer evaluation of the Company's performance against contractual criteria. Cost-reimbursable contracts are generally less risky because the owner/customer retains many of the project risks, however it generally requires us to use our best efforts to accomplish the scope of the work within a specified time and budget.
Cost-reimbursable contracts with the U.S. government are generally subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) and are competitively priced based on estimated or actual costs of providing the contractual goods or services. The FAR provides guidance on types of costs that are allowable in establishing prices for goods and services provided to the U.S. government and its agencies. Pricing for non-U.S. government agencies and commercial customers is based on specific negotiations with each customer.
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Grant revenue
From time to time, the Company may be awarded government grants. Government grants or awards are initially recognized when there is reasonable assurance the conditions of the grant or award will be met and the grant or award will be received. After initial recognition, government grants or awards are recognized as income under revenue within the statement of operations on a systematic basis in a manner consistent with the manner in which the Company recognizes the underlying costs included in the cost of revenue within the statement of operations for which the grant or award is intended to compensate.
Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization)
Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) consists primarily of direct material and labor costs, launch services, manufacturing overhead, freight expense, and other personnel-related expenses, which include salaries, bonuses, benefits and stock-based compensation expense. We expect our cost of revenue to increase in absolute dollars in future periods as we sell more products and services. As we grow into our current capacity and execute on cost-optimization initiatives, we expect our cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue to decrease over time.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation consists of the depreciation of tangible fixed assets for the relevant period based on the straight-line method over the useful life of the assets. Tangible fixed assets include property and equipment. Amortization consists of the amortization of finite-lived intangibles for the relevant period based on the straight-line method over the useful life of the assets. Our finite-lived intangible assets include customer relationships and developed technology.
Impairment of property and equipment
Impairment of long-lived assets occurs whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets consists of property and equipment, net. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable and exceeds it fair value. See Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information on the impairment of property and equipment.
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation and amortization)
Selling, general and administrative expense (excluding depreciation and amortization) consist primarily of personnel-related expenses for our sales, marketing, supply chain, finance, legal, human resources and administrative personnel, as well as the costs of customer service, information technology, professional services, insurance, travel, allocated overhead and other marketing, communications and administrative expenses. We also expect to invest in our corporate organization and incur additional expenses associated with transitioning to, and operating as, a public company, including increased legal and accounting costs, investor relations costs, higher insurance premiums and compliance costs. As a result, we expect that selling, general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars in future periods as a percentage of total revenue.
Interest income
Interest income consists of interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents and short-term investment balances held by us in interest bearing demand deposit accounts.
Interest expense
Interest expense is primarily incurred on the Convertible Notes as discussed in Note 8 - Debt, in addition to interest expense on our finance leases.
Change in fair value of earn-out liabilities
Earn Out Units are classified as liabilities transactions at initial issuance which were offset against paid-in capital as of the closing of the Business Combination. At each period end, the Earn Out Units are remeasured to their fair value with the changes during that period recognized in other income (expense) on the consolidated statement of operations. Upon issuance and release of the shares after each Triggering Event is met, the related Earn Out Units will be remeasured to fair value at that time with the changes recognized in other income (expense), and such Earn Out Units will be reclassed to stockholders’ equity (deficit) on the consolidated balance sheet. See Notes 2 and 13 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information on the earn-out liabilities.
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Change in fair value of warrant liabilities
In connection with the Private Placement, Warrant Exercise Agreement, and the Bridge Loan Conversion, the Company has issued warrants which are classified as liabilities on our balance sheet. At each period end, the warrants are remeasured to their fair value with the changes during the period recognized in other income (expense) on our consolidated statement of operations. See Notes 11 and 13 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information on the warrant liabilities.
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities
In connection with the acquisition of KinetX, the purchase price included a contingent consideration if certain future events or conditions are met and required the Company to holdback a number of shares of Class A Common Stock in escrow. The holdback was accounted for as contingent consideration and recorded as a liability based on its estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. We remeasure the contingent consideration at fair value each period with changes in fair value recorded in other income (expense) on our statements of operations. See Notes 3 and 13 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information on the contingent consideration liabilities.
Loss on issuance of securities
In connection with the Private Placement, Warrant Exercise Agreement, and the Bridge Loan Conversion as discussed in Notes 11 and 13 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company issued warrants and recognized a loss on the issuance as the fair value of the securities exceeded the gross proceeds at the issuance date. The Company evaluated the terms of the warrants and determined they meet the criteria in ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”, to be classified as a derivative liability, initially measured at fair value. The subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in earnings in other income (expense) on the consolidated statement of operations.
Other income, net
Other income, net primarily consists of immaterial miscellaneous income sources.
Income tax expense
Intuitive Machines, Inc. is a corporation and thus is subject to United States (“U.S.”) federal, state and local income taxes. Intuitive Machines, LLC is a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and therefore does not pay United States federal income tax on its taxable income. Instead, the Intuitive Machines, LLC unitholders, including Intuitive Machines, Inc., are liable for U.S. federal income tax on their respective shares of Intuitive Machines, LLC’s taxable income. Intuitive Machines, LLC is liable for income taxes in those states which tax entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest
Noncontrolling interests represents the portion of Intuitive Machines, LLC that the Company controls and consolidates but does not own. The noncontrolling interests was created as a result of the Business Combination and represents 68,150,754 Class A and Class B units issued by Intuitive Machines, LLC to the prior investors represents approximately 81.2% of the ownership interests in the Company at the Closing Date. The Company allocates net income or loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests based on the weighted average ownership interests during the period. The net income or loss attributable to noncontrolling interests is reflected in the consolidated statement of operations.
The financial results of Intuitive Machines, LLC were consolidated into Intuitive Machines, Inc. for the periods February 13, 2023 forward and resulted in the allocation of approximately 32.6% of Intuitive Machines, LLC’s net loss to noncontrolling interests.
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
Intuitive Machines and KBR entered into a joint venture agreement (the “OMES III JV Agreement”) within Space Network Solutions to execute the OMES III contract with a profits interest of 47% for Intuitive Machines and 53% for KBR, which represents the noncontrolling interest. We have determined that the OMES III JV Agreement represents a silo within Space Network Solutions and is a standalone VIE. Intuitive Machines is the primary beneficiary of this VIE which is consolidated for financial reporting purposes.
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Results of Operations
The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented. The period over period comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results.
The following table sets forth information regarding our consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024.
| Year Ended December 31, | $ Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service revenue | $ | 207,132 | $ | 228,000 | $ | (20,868) | |||||||||||||||||
| Grant revenue | 2,927 | — | 2,927 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 210,059 | 228,000 | (17,941) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 177,247 | 190,369 | (13,122) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) - affiliated companies | 23,822 | 34,862 | (11,040) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 3,597 | 1,859 | 1,738 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of property and equipment | — | 5,044 | (5,044) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 92,624 | 53,262 | 39,362 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 297,290 | 285,396 | 11,894 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating loss | (87,231) | (57,396) | (29,835) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 15,272 | 272 | 15,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (4,177) | (92) | (4,085) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of earn-out liabilities | (33,369) | (120,124) | 86,755 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | 8,384 | (77,651) | 86,035 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities | (1,854) | — | (1,854) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on issuance of securities | — | (93,136) | 93,136 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | 91 | 1,242 | (1,151) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other expense, net | (15,653) | (289,489) | 273,836 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (102,884) | (346,885) | 244,001 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | (3,962) | (37) | (3,925) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | (106,846) | (346,922) | 240,076 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest | (25,059) | (67,004) | 41,945 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | 1,507 | 3,495 | (1,988) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to the Company | (83,294) | (283,413) | 200,119 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Preferred dividends | (616) | (896) | 280 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Class A common shareholders | $ | (83,910) | $ | (284,309) | $ | 200,399 | |||||||||||||||||
Revenues
Revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was primarily driven by NASA and other commercial payload contracts associated with our lunar payload missions as well as the OMES III contract where we provide engineering services to the Landsat Servicing mission at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, the NSN contract for the development of a satellite communications and navigation network, and the LTV contract leading the development of the Moon RACER Lunar Terrain Vehicle.
The following provides a summary of the significant contracts and targeted mission launch dates for each lunar payload mission impacting our results of operations:
•The NASA payload contract for the IM-1 mission was awarded in June 2019 and was completed in February 2024. As a result of the successful landing on the lunar surface, previously constrained revenue of
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approximately $12.3 million as of December 31, 2023 was released and approximately $11.6 million was recognized as revenue during the first quarter of 2024, bringing the total IM-1 mission contract revenue under NASA and other commercial fixed-priced contracts to $132.4 million. As of March 31 2024, the IM-1 mission and all related contracts have been closed out.
•The initial NASA payload contract for the IM-2 mission was awarded in October 2020 and the mission was completed in March 2025. During the third quarter of 2025, the post-launch services were completed and the previously constrained revenue of $5.7 million was released and recognized as revenue, bringing the total IM-2 mission contract revenue under NASA and other commercial fixed-priced contracts to $131.2 million. As of September 30 2025, the IM-2 mission and all related contracts have been closed out.
•The initial NASA payload contract for the IM-3 mission was awarded in November 2021 with an initial targeted mission launch date no later than June 2024. Total IM-3 mission estimated revenue under fixed-priced contracts is $91.3 million (excluding constrained revenue of $9.7 million) as of December 31, 2025 as compared to $93.0 million as of December 31, 2024. The IM-3 mission timeline runs through March 2027.
•The initial NASA payload contract for the IM-4 mission was awarded in August 2024 with an initial targeted mission launch date no later than August 2028, although we expect the mission launch to occur during the second half of 2027. Total IM-4 mission estimated revenue under fixed-priced contracts is $123.7 million (excluding constrained revenue of $16.2 million) as of December 31, 2025.
Total revenue decreased by $17.9 million, or 8%, for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily driven by decreases on the OMES III contract of approximately $71.9 million due to NASA’s cancellation of the OSAM project task orders and decrease of $5.6 million on LTV contract which was completed during the second quarter of 2025. These decreases were partially offset by overall increases in revenue from CLPS mission contracts of $25.3 million (as further discussed below), and new projects ramping up in 2025, most notably the NSN contract with an increase in revenue of $16.8 million and various other engineering services revenue increased by approximately $17.5 million.
The IM-1 mission successfully completed in February 2024 and resulted in the release of approximately $12.3 million of previously constrained revenue during the first quarter of 2024. Revenue on the IM-2 mission decreased slightly by $0.5 million as the mission was completed in March 2025 and the mission close-out process was finalized in the third quarter of 2025. Revenue from the IM-3 mission increased by $3.7 million as activity picked up on IM-3 following the close-out of IM-2. The IM-4 mission which was awarded in August 2024, recognized revenue of $37.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to $2.4 million for the same period in 2024.
Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization)
Total cost of revenue decreased by $24.2 million, or 11%, for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily driven by the OMES III contract cost decrease of $68.4 million due to NASA’s cancellation of the OSAM project and decrease of $2.7 million on the LTV contract which was completed during the second quarter of 2025. These decreases were partially offset by overall cost increases related to the mission contracts of $23.8 million (as further discussed below), the NSN contract of $11.2 million, and various other engineering services of $12.0 million.
The IM-1 mission completed in February 2024 and incurred cost of revenue of $4.8 million during the first quarter of 2024. On the IM-2 mission, cost of revenue decreased by approximately $21.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 as the mission was completed in March 2025. IM-3 mission cost of revenue increased by approximately $12.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, as IM-3 mission activity increases following the final close-out of IM-2. As of December 31, 2025, the IM-3 contract is in a loss position and the accrued contract loss increased by approximately $7.6 million for year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, driven by cost adjustments during the second quarter of 2025 related to decisions to align the mission schedule with the completion of an internally-developed satellite to be placed in lunar orbit to meet NSN contract obligations. The IM-4 mission which was awarded in August 2024, incurred cost of revenue of $40.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to $2.7 million for the same period in 2024. During the second quarter of 2025, IM-4 became a loss contract and has accrued contract losses of approximately $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025.
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Impairment of property and equipment
During the third quarter of 2024, management determined that certain assets under development by a third party subcontractor were not in compliance according to the contract. Management concluded the carrying cost of these assets was not recoverable and recorded an impairment charge of approximately $5.0 million including capitalized interest of $0.5 million, in our consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024. No impairment charges were recorded for during the year ended December 31, 2025 related to these assets or other long-lived assets. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation and amortization)
General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation and amortization) increased by $39.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 and primarily reflects the Company’s investment in its workforce to support our operations and business infrastructure, business development (including acquisitions), and information technology to optimize corporate and operational processes and systems, and research and development initiatives to expand our product and service capabilities. The overall increase was primarily driven by professional fees of $12.1 million mostly related to legal and accounting fees, research and development of $11.1 million, higher employee compensation and benefits expense of $5.9 million, software licenses of $2.3 million, increase in bad debt expense of $3.0 million and various other administrative costs.
Other income (expense)
Total other expense, net favorable change of $273.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily driven by the favorable changes in fair value of warrant liabilities of $86.0 million, earn-out liabilities of $86.8 million (as the remaining Earn Out Units vested in the first quarter of 2025), loss on issuance of securities of $93.1 million in 2024, and $15.0 million increase in interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents balances held by us in highly liquid interest bearing overnight sweep and demand deposit accounts slightly offset by increase in interest expense of $4.1 million mostly related to our Convertible Notes issued in August 2025 and various other unfavorable changes of $1.1 million.
Income tax expense
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we recognized a combined U.S. federal and state expense for income taxes of $4.0 million and $37 thousand, respectively. The effective combined U.S. federal and state income tax rates were (3.85%) and (0.01%) for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. For years ended December 31, 2025, our effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate of 21% primarily due to deferred taxes for which no benefit is being recorded and losses attributable to noncontrolling interest unitholders that are taxable on their respective share of taxable income and the deferred tax consequence of our acquisition and subsequent contribution of KinetX assets into Intuitive Machines, LLC. For year ended December 31, 2024, our effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate of 21% primarily due to deferred taxes for which no benefit is being recorded and losses attributable to noncontrolling interest unitholders that are taxable on their respective share of taxable income.
Key Business Metrics and Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We monitor the following key business metrics and non-GAAP financial measures that assist us in evaluating our business, measuring our performance, identifying trends and making strategic decisions.
Backlog
We define backlog as our total estimate of the revenue we expect to realize in the future as a result of performing work on awarded contracts, less the amount of revenue previously recognized. Although backlog is not a guarantee of future revenue, we monitor backlog because it provides insight into the potential timing and volume of future work on awarded contracts, which can be helpful to investors in evaluating the performance of our business and identifying trends over time. We generally include total expected revenue in backlog when a contract is awarded by the customer under a legally binding agreement. Our backlog does not include any estimate of future potential work orders that might be awarded under government-wide acquisition contracts, agency-specific indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contracts or other multiple-award contract vehicles, nor does it include option periods that have not been exercised by the customer. Due to government procurement rules, in certain cases revenue included in backlog is subject to budget appropriation or other contract cancellation clauses. Nearly all contracts allow customers to terminate the agreement at any time for convenience.
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If any of our contracts with firm orders were to be terminated, our backlog would be reduced by the expected value of the unfilled orders of such contracts. Consequently, our backlog may differ from actual revenue recognized in our financial statements.
The following table presents our backlog as of the periods indicated:
(in thousands) | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Backlog | $ | 213,070 | $ | 328,345 | ||||||||||
Orders comprising backlog as of a given balance sheet date are typically invoiced in subsequent periods. As of December 31, 2025, based on current contract schedules, we expect to recognize approximately 60% to 65% of our backlog in 2026, approximately 35% to 40% in 2027 and the remaining thereafter. Our backlog could experience volatility between periods, including as a result of customer order volumes and the speed of our fulfillment, which in turn may be impacted by the nature of products and services ordered, the amount of inventory on hand to satisfy orders and the necessary development and manufacturing lead time required to satisfy certain orders.
Backlog decreased by $115.3 million as of December 31, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024, due to continued performance on existing contracts of $210.1 million (most notably the OMES III contract 73.1 million, CLPS mission contracts $72.3 million, and NSN contract $18.5 million), IM-2 mission close-out adjustments of $8.4 million and adjustments on the IM-3 mission of $1.8 million. These decreases were partially offset by $105.0 million in new awards primarily associated with the OMES III contract $33.4 million, NSN contract $18.0 million, TSC grant $10.0 million, mission rideshare contracts $7.7 million and various other contracts.
As of December 31, 2025, our backlog of $213.1 million exceeded our remaining performance obligations of $102.8 million as reported in Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements. The difference of $110.3 million was primarily due to $39.3 million of variable consideration associated with constrained revenue and $71.0 million in backlog related to the funded value of the OMES III contract, the NSN contract, and various other contracts where revenue is recognized when services are performed and contractually billable and therefore not included in remaining performance obligations.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA is a key performance measure that our management team uses to assess our operating performance. We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) excluding results from non-operating sources including interest income, interest expense, transaction and integration costs related to acquisitions, share based compensation, change in fair value instruments, gain or loss on issuance of securities, other income/expense, depreciation, impairment of property and equipment, and provision for income taxes.
We present Adjusted EBITDA because we believe it is helpful in highlighting trends in our operating results and because it is frequently used by analysts, investors, and other interested parties to evaluate companies in our industry.
Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical measure, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are:
•Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect interest income, interest expense, transaction and integration costs related to acquisitions or other non-operating gains and losses, which may represent an increase to or reduction in cash available to us;
•Adjusted EBITDA does not consider the impact of share-based compensation expense, which is expected to continue to be part of our compensation strategy;
•Adjusted EBITDA does not consider the impact of change in fair value of SAFE Agreements, change in fair value of earn-out liabilities, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities, loss on issuance of securities, or impairment of property and equipment, that we do not consider to be routine in nature for the ongoing financial performance of our business;
•Adjusted EBITDA excludes non-cash charges for depreciation of property and equipment, and although the assets being depreciated may have to be replaced in the future, Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements; and
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•Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect provisions for income taxes, which may represent a reduction in cash available to us.
Other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of these limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside other financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, net income (loss) and our other U.S. GAAP results.
The following table presents a reconciliation of net income (loss), the most directly comparable financial measure presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (106,846) | $ | (346,922) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted to exclude the following: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | 3,962 | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 3,597 | 1,859 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment on property and equipment | — | 5,044 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | (15,272) | (272) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 4,177 | 92 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction and integration costs related to acquisitions | 10,782 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | 8,609 | 8,798 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of earn-out liabilities | 33,369 | 120,124 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | (8,384) | 77,651 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities | 1,854 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on issuance of securities | — | 93,136 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense, net | (91) | (1,242) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (64,243) | $ | (41,695) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Free Cash Flow
We define free cash flow as net cash (used in) provided by operating activities less purchases of property and equipment. We believe that free cash flow is a meaningful indicator of liquidity that provides information to management and investors about the amount of cash generated from operations that, after purchases of property and equipment, can be used for strategic initiatives, including continuous investment in our business and strengthening our balance sheet.
Free Cash Flow has limitations as a liquidity measure, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our cash flows as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are:
•Free Cash Flow is not a measure calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP and should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for financial information prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
•Free Cash Flow may not be comparable to similarly titled metrics of other companies due to differences among methods of calculation.
•Free Cash Flow may be affected in the near to medium term by the timing of capital investments, fluctuations in our growth and the effect of such fluctuations on working capital and changes in our cash conversion cycle.
The following table presents a reconciliation of net cash used in operating activities, the most directly comparable financial measure presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, to free cash flow:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (14,318) | $ | (57,587) | |||||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | (41,634) | (10,111) | |||||||||||||||
| Free cash flow | $ | (55,952) | $ | (67,698) | |||||||||||||
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since inception, we have funded our operations through internally generated cash on hand, proceeds from sales of our capital stock, proceeds from warrant exercises, and our proceeds from the issuance of bank debt and Convertible Notes. We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to meet current and future needs. Our expected primary uses of cash on a short and long-term basis are for working capital requirements, general corporate purposes, and capital expenditures as well as research and development efforts and potential mergers and acquisitions. Our primary working capital requirements are for project execution activities including purchases of materials, subcontracted services and payroll which fluctuate during the year, driven primarily by the timing and extent of activities required on new and existing projects. Our capital expenditures are primarily related to machinery and equipment, computers and software, and leasehold improvements for general corporate and operational purposes. We expect construction in progress to continue to increase as we develop data relay satellites and ground networks associated with our Data Transmission Services business.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $582.6 million and working capital of $494.0 million. The Company invests excess cash in highly liquid, low risk interest-bearing overnight sweep and demand deposit accounts with major financial institutions.
Warrant Redemption
On February 4, 2025 the Company announced the redemption of all of its outstanding warrants (the Public Warrants and Private Warrants as defined in Note 11, collectively the “Warrants”) and Warrants remaining unexercised as of March 6, 2025 (the “Redemption Date”) were redeemed by the Company for $0.01 per Warrant. During the first quarter of 2025, the Company received approximately $176.6 million in gross proceeds from the exercise of 15,358,229 Warrants. On the Redemption Date, a total of 6,571,724 Warrants remained unexercised which were redeemed by the Company for an aggregate redemption price of $66 thousand. See Note 11 – Public and Private Warrants for additional information.
Stifel Bank
On March 4, 2025, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement with Stifel Bank which provides for a secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $40.0 million. As of December 31, 2025, the revolving credit facility remains unborrowed. On, January 12, 2026, the Company and Stifel Bank entered into a waiver, in respect to the loan agreement, pursuant to which Stifel Bank consented to the acquisition of Lanteris (as discussed in Note 19 - Subsequent Events and below) and halted any borrowing and covenant obligations by the Company under the revolving credit facility. See Note 8 - Debt for additional information on this loan and security agreement.
Convertible Notes
On August 18, 2025, the Company issued $345.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2.500% convertible senior notes due 2030 (the “Convertible Notes”). The Convertible Notes are general, unsecured obligations of the Company and bear interest at a fixed rate of 2.500% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on April 1, 2026. The Convertible Notes will mature on October 1, 2030, unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased. The net proceeds of the Convertible Notes were $334.6 million after deducting the initial purchasers’ discount and commissions and the offering expenses payable by the Company.
We used approximately $36.8 million of the net proceeds to pay the cost of the Capped Calls transactions (as further defined in Note 8 - Debt). The Capped Calls cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, the number of Class A Common Stock underlying the Convertible Notes. The Capped Calls can be settled in cash or shares at the Company’s option and are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to the Class A Common Stock upon any conversion of the Convertible Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes.
For further information on the Convertible Notes, including terms of conversion, and the Capped Calls, refer to Note 8 - Debt.
KinetX Acquisition
On October 1, 2025, the Company completed the stock purchase agreement to acquire 100% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of KinetX, Inc (“KinetX”). KinetX is a privately-held, Arizona-based aerospace company with more than 30 years of experience delivering flight-proven, deep-space navigation, systems engineering, ground software, and constellation mission design to the U.S. government and international customers. The consideration for the acquisition totaled approximately $31.3 million, consisting of cash consideration of $15.0 million plus $1.1 million for seller payable
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adjustments treated as consideration transferred, and the issuance of 1,434,005 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock valued at $15.2 million based on the October 1, 2025 closing price of $10.61. Of the issued shares, approximately 329,827 shares of Class A Common Stock was held back in escrow to settle any post-closing adjustments and/or potential claims. See Note 3 - Acquisitions for more information on the acquisition of KinetX.
Lanteris Acquisition
On January 13, 2026, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of the issued and outstanding membership interests Lanteris, pursuant to a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement with Vantor Holdings Inc. Formerly Maxar Space Systems, Lanteris is a spacecraft manufacturer serving national security, commercial and civil customers. The aggregate consideration transferred at closing was approximately $705.8 million, consisting of $403.3 million in cash and 22,991,028 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock valued at $283.7 million. In addition, the Company issued approximately 1,518,163 shares of Class A Common Stock valued at $18.7 million for retention and transaction bonuses, assumed indebtedness and funded obligations of approximately $134.9 million, and incurred transaction expenses of $11.7 million. The Company funded the cash portion of the purchase price using cash on hand.
Orbital Receivables Purchase Facility
In connection with the Lanteris acquisition, the Company entered into a Waiver, Consent, Amendment and Assignment Agreement with ING Belgium NV/SA (“ING”) and certain affiliates of Lanteris, pursuant to which the Company became a guarantor under the Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement (the “Orbital Receivables Purchase Facility”). Under the facility, through December 1, 2026, ING may purchase certain orbital payment receivables of Lanteris on a discretionary, transaction-by-transaction basis, up to an aggregate maximum of $250.0 million. If a customer prepays a receivable that has been purchased by ING, Lanteris is required to make a contractual make-whole payment based on a net present value formula. The Company expects the Orbital Receivables Purchase Facility to continue to support Lanteris’ working capital and liquidity needs.
Securities Purchase Agreement
On February 27, 2026, the Company completed the Securities Purchase Agreement with the Investors relating to the issuance and sale to the Investors of shares of Class A Common Stock at a price of $15.12 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $175.0 million.
Management believes that the cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2025 and the liquidity provided from the proceeds of the issuance of securities pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement and the issuance of the Convertible Notes, will be sufficient to fund the short-term liquidity needs and the execution of the business plan through at least the twelve-month period from the date the financial statements are issued.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (14,318) | $ | (57,587) | |||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (56,580) | $ | (10,111) | |||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 446,588 | $ | 272,787 | |||||||||||||
Operating Activities
During the year ended December 31, 2025, our operating activities used $14.3 million of net cash as compared to $57.6 million of net cash used during the year ended December 31, 2024. Changes in operating assets and liabilities, which consist primarily of working capital balances for our projects, may vary and are impacted by the stage of completion and contractual terms of projects. The primary components of our working capital accounts are trade accounts receivable, contract assets, accounts payable, and contract liabilities.
Investing Activities
During the year ended December 31, 2025, investing activities used $56.6 million of net cash as compared to $10.1 million of net cash used during the year ended December 31, 2024. The $46.5 million increase in investing activities was driven by higher capital expenditures of $31.5 million associated primarily with the fabrication and development of commercial communications satellites and navigation network, and capital expenditures related to our expansion to a new leased
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facility at Houston Spaceport to support the growth of our operations. In addition, in October 2025, the Company completed the business acquisition of KinetX for approximately $14.9 million, net of cash received. See Note 3 - Acquisitions for more information on the acquisition of KinetX.
Financing Activities
During the year ended December 31, 2025, financing activities provided $446.6 million of net cash as compared to $272.8 million of net cash provided during the year ended December 31, 2024.
During 2025, our financing activities primarily included $334.6 million in net proceeds from the issuance Convertible Notes, $176.6 million in proceeds from the exercise of warrants, slightly offset by $36.8 million for the purchase of Capped Calls transactions associated with the issuance of the Convertible Notes, $20.7 million for share repurchase, $4.8 million in net activity related to our share-based awards, and $2.2 million in distributions to noncontrolling interests.
During 2024, our financing activities primarily included $61.3 million in proceeds from the exercise of warrants, $224.0 million in net proceeds from the issuance of securities, $10.0 million in proceeds received in borrowings under the Bridge Loan offset by the repayment of $10.0 million, $8.0 million repayment on a loan under our Credit Mobilization Facility, $2.3 million in distributions to noncontrolling interests, and $2.2 million in net activity related to our share-based awards.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The following table presents our significant contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2025 (in thousands):
| Payments Due | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | Thereafter | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating lease obligations(1) | $ | 91,648 | $ | 12,597 | $ | 6,691 | $ | 3,603 | $ | 3,920 | $ | 3,940 | $ | 60,897 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finance lease obligations(1) | 73 | 45 | 21 | 7 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase commitments(2) | 58,121 | 38,527 | 19,594 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 149,842 | $ | 51,169 | $ | 26,306 | $ | 3,610 | $ | 3,920 | $ | 3,940 | $ | 60,897 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Refer to Note 7 for additional information on our operating and finance lease obligations.
(2) From time-to-time, we enter into long-term commitments with vendors to purchase launch services and for the development of certain components in conjunction with our obligations under revenue contracts with our customers. This represents our significant remaining purchase obligations under non-cancelable commitments.
See Note 9 of the consolidated financial statements for information regarding our tax receivable agreement.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We believe that the following accounting policies involve a high degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of our operations. Significant accounting policies employed by us, including the use of estimates, are presented in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates and judgements that affect the amounts reported in those financial statements and accompanying notes. Although we believe that the estimates we use are reasonable, due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making those estimates, actual results reported in future periods could differ from those estimates.
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Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Our revenue is primarily generated from the progress on long-term lunar mission contracts and engineering services for the research, design, development, and manufacturing of advancement technology aerospace system.
Revenue is measured based on the amount of consideration specified in a contract with a customer. Revenue is recognized when and as our performance obligations under the terms of the contract are satisfied which generally occurs with the transfer of services to the customer. For each long-term contract, we determine the transaction price based on the consideration expected to be received. We allocate the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation to deliver a good or service, or a collection of goods and/or services, based on the relative standalone selling prices.
For most of our business, where performance obligations are satisfied due to the continuous transfer of control to the customer, revenue is recognized over time. Where the customer contracts with us to provide a significant service of integrating a complex set of tasks and components into a single project or capability, those contracts are accounted for as single performance obligations. We recognize revenue generally using the cost-to-cost method, based primarily on contract costs incurred to date compared to total estimated contract costs at completion. This method is deemed appropriate in measuring performance towards completion because it directly measures the value of the goods and services transferred to the customer. Billing timetables and payment terms on our contracts vary based on a few factors, including the contract type. Typical payment terms under fixed-price contracts provide that the customer pays either performance-based payment based on the achievement of contract milestones or progress payments based on a percentage of costs we incur.
Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on many of our performance obligations, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion (the process described below in more detail) is complex and subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. The consideration to which we are entitled on our long-term contracts may include both fixed and variable amounts. Variable amounts can either increase or decrease the transaction price.
We include estimated amounts of variable consideration in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the contract price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us. We reassess the amount of variable consideration each accounting period until the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Changes in the assessed amount of variable consideration are accounted for prospectively as a cumulative adjustment to revenue recognized in the current period.
When changes are required for the estimated total revenue on a contract, these changes are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the current period. A significant change in one or more estimates could affect the profitability of one or more of our performance obligations. If estimates of total costs to be incurred exceed estimates of total consideration the Company expects to receive, a provision for the remaining loss on the contract is recorded in the period in which the loss becomes evident.
Business Combination
The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations and recognizes assets acquired and liabilities assumed measured at their fair values on the date acquired. The allocation of the purchase price in a business combination requires management to make significant estimates in determining the fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities, especially with respect to intangible assets. The excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. The determination of fair values of identifiable assets and liabilities requires estimates and the use of valuation techniques when fair value is not readily available and requires management judgment.
When determining the fair value of the assets and liabilities of an acquired business, we make judgments and estimates using all available information to us including, but not limited to, quoted market prices, carrying values, expected future cash flows, which includes consideration of future growth rates and margins, attrition rates, future changes in technology and brand awareness, loyalty and position and discount rates. We engage third-party appraisal firms when appropriate to assist in the fair value determination of intangible assets. The purchase price allocation recorded in a business combination may change during the measurement period, which is a period not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, as additional information about conditions existing at the acquisition date becomes available. Our purchase price allocation related to the acquisition of KinetX is discussed in Note 3 - Acquisitions in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
We evaluate our goodwill and intangible assets for impairment annually in the fourth quarter and in any interim period in which events or circumstances arise that indicate possible impairment. Indicators of impairment include, but are not limited
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to, a significant deterioration in overall economic conditions, a decline in our market capitalization, the loss of significant business, significant decreases in funding for our contracts, or other significant adverse changes in industry or market conditions.
We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level based on our reporting structure. We currently have one reporting unit which encompasses all operations including new acquisitions. We have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. The qualitative assessment includes a review of business changes, economic outlook, financial trends and forecasts, growth rates, industry data, market capitalization, and other relevant qualitative factors. If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, a quantitative test is required.
In connection with the acquisition of KinetX in October 2025, the Company initially recognized goodwill and intangible assets in our consolidated financial statements. The Company evaluated these goodwill and intangible assets for impairment as of December 31, 2025 and did not recognize any impairment changes, and will continue to evaluate them annually and during interim periods in which events or circumstances arise that indicate possible impairment. See Note 3 - Acquisitions and Note 6 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net for more information on our goodwill and intangible assets recognized in connection with the acquisition of KinetX.
Emerging Growth Company and Smaller Reporting Company Status
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012, (the “JOBS Act”), and may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is either not an emerging growth company or an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Loss of Smaller Reporting Company Status
As of June 30, 2025, the market value of shares of our common stock held by non-affiliates was more than $250 million, and our annual revenue during the most recently completed fiscal year was more than $100 million. Therefore, as of July 1, 2025, we no longer qualify as “smaller reporting company” as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. However, we are continuing to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are available to SRCs through the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, consistent with the SEC’s rules and related guidance under the Exchange Act.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are relying on the scaled disclosure requirements available to SRCs and are not required to provide the information otherwise required under this item.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
| Page | ||||||||
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID # | 53 | |||||||
| Consolidated Financial Statements | ||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 | 54 | |||||||
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 | 55 | |||||||
Consolidated Statements of Mezzanine Equity for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 | 56 | |||||||
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Deficit for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 | 57 | |||||||
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 | 59 | |||||||
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 61 | |||||||
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Shareholders
Intuitive Machines, Inc.
Opinion on the financial statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Intuitive Machines, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, mezzanine equity, shareholders’ deficit, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2021.
March 19, 2026
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INTUITIVE MACHINES, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share data and par value)
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $ | |||||||||||
| Contract assets | |||||||||||
| Prepaid and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | |||||||||||
| Finance lease right-of-use assets | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accounts payable - affiliated companies | |||||||||||
| Contract liabilities, current | |||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, current | |||||||||||
| Finance lease liabilities, current | |||||||||||
| Other current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Long-term debt | |||||||||||
| Contract liabilities, non-current | |||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, non-current | |||||||||||
| Finance lease liabilities, non-current | |||||||||||
| Earn-out liabilities | |||||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | |||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) | |||||||||||
| MEZZANINE EQUITY | |||||||||||
Series A preferred stock subject to possible redemption, $ | |||||||||||
| Redeemable noncontrolling interests | |||||||||||
| SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT | |||||||||||
Class A common stock, $ | |||||||||||
Class B common stock, $ | |||||||||||
Class C common stock, $ | |||||||||||
Treasury stock, at cost, | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total shareholders’ deficit attributable to the Company | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | |||||||||||
| Total shareholders’ deficit | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders’ deficit | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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INTUITIVE MACHINES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||
Service revenue | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
Grant revenue | |||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) | |||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) - affiliated companies | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of property and equipment | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation and amortization) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating loss | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of earn-out liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss on issuance of securities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Total other expense, net | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | |||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to the Company | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Less: Preferred dividends | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Class A common shareholders | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Net loss per share | |||||||||||||||||
| Net loss per share of Class A common stock - basic and diluted | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted | |||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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INTUITIVE MACHINES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Mezzanine Equity
(In thousands except per share data)
| Series A Preferred Stock | Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest | ||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Conversion of Series A preferred stock (Note 10) | ( | ( | — | ||||||||||||||
| Cumulative preferred dividends | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Accretion of preferred stock discount | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Subsequent remeasurement of redeemable noncontrolling interests | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Cumulative preferred dividends | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Accretion of preferred stock discount | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Subsequent remeasurement of redeemable noncontrolling interests | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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INTUITIVE MACHINES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Deficit
(In thousands except per share data)
| Common Stock Class A | Common Stock Class C | Treasury Stock | Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Deficit | Total Shareholders’ Deficit attributable to the Company | NCI | Total Shareholders’ Deficit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cumulative preferred dividends | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accretion of preferred stock discount | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of Series A preferred stock (Note 10) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A common stock issued for warrants exercised (Note 10) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A common stock issued related to loan conversion (Notes 8 and 10) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A common stock issued for stock options exercised | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A common stock issued for vested RSUs and PSUs | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A common stock issued for Class C canceled | ( | ( | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distribution to noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Class A common stock related to ATM Program (Note 10) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Class A common stock related to the 2024 Offering and Concurrent Private Placement (Note 10) | ( | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction costs (Note 10) | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax receivable agreement - obligation to partners | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsequent remeasurement of redeemable noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to the Company | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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INTUITIVE MACHINES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Deficit (continued)
(In thousands except per share data)
| Common Stock Class A | Common Stock Class C | Treasury Stock | Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Deficit | Total Shareholders’ Deficit attributable to the Company | NCI | Total Shareholders’ Deficit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cumulative preferred dividends | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accretion of preferred stock discount | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capped call transactions (Note 8) | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition of KinetX and related adjustments (Notes 3 and 9) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A common stock issued for warrants exercised (Note 10) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of Class A common stock (Note 10) | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A common stock issued for stock options exercised | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A common stock issued for vested RSUs and PSUs | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A common stock issued for Class C canceled | — | ( | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distribution to noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Class C common stock related to earn-out awards (Note 10) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsequent remeasurement of redeemable noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to the Company | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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Table of Contents INTUITIVE MACHINES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||
| Bad debt expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of property and equipment (Note 5) | |||||||||||||||||
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs | |||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of earn-out liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss on issuance of securities | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Trade accounts receivable, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Contract assets | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Other assets, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable – affiliated companies | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Contract liabilities – current and long-term | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Purchase of intangible assets | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes, net of discount | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of capped call transactions | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Payment of debt issuance costs | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of securities | |||||||||||||||||
| Transaction costs | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Warrants exercised | |||||||||||||||||
| Redemption of warrants | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of Class A Common Stock | ( | ||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from borrowings | |||||||||||||||||
Repayment of loans | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Stock option exercises | |||||||||||||||||
| Distributions to noncontrolling interests | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Payment of withholding taxes from share-based awards | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period | |||||||||||||||||
| Less: restricted cash | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
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Table of Contents INTUITIVE MACHINES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)
(In thousands)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes, net of income tax refunds | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Accrued capital expenditures | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Noncash investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Class A Common Stock issued in acquisition, at fair value | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration assumed at acquisition, Class A Common Stock | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Noncash financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Class C Common Stock related to earn-out awards (Note 10) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Conversion of Series A preferred stock (Note 10) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Preferred dividends | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
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INTUITIVE MACHINES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 - BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
Intuitive Machines, Inc. (formerly known as Inflection Point Acquisition Corp. or “IPAX”), collectively with its subsidiaries (the “Company,” “IM,” “Intuitive Machines,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is a space technology, infrastructure, and services company that is contributing to the establishment of cislunar infrastructure and commerce. Cislunar encompasses objects in orbit in the Earth-Moon system and on the Lunar surface. We are focused on establishing the lunar infrastructure and basis for commerce to inform and sustain human presence off Earth. We believe our business is well positioned for continued growth and expansion as we scale these services. Our vision is that our infrastructure services enable our customers to focus on their unique contributions to create a thriving, diverse cislunar economy and expand the commercial space exploration marketplace. IM is currently headquartered in Houston, Texas.
Intuitive Machines, Inc. was a blank check company originally incorporated on January 27, 2021 as a Cayman Islands exempted company for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. On September 24, 2021, IPAX consummated an initial public offering, after which its securities began trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (the “Nasdaq”).
IPAX Business Combination
On September 16, 2022, IPAX entered into a certain Business Combination Agreement (the “Business Combination Agreement”) by and between IPAX and Intuitive Machines, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (formerly, a Texas limited liability company). On February 10, 2023, IPAX filed a notice of deregistration with the Cayman Islands Registrar of Companies, together with the necessary accompanying documents, and filed a certificate of incorporation and certificate of corporate domestication with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, pursuant to which IPAX was domesticated and continues as a Delaware corporation, changing its name to “Intuitive Machines, Inc.”
On February 13, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), Intuitive Machines, Inc. and Intuitive Machines, LLC consummated the previously announced business combination (the “Business Combination”) and related transactions (the “Transactions”) contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement. As a result of the Transactions, all of the issued and outstanding common units of Intuitive Machines, LLC were converted into common stock of Intuitive Machines, Inc. using an exchange ratio of 0.5562 shares of Intuitive Machines, Inc. common stock per each unit of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Unit. In addition, Intuitive Machines, LLC’s share-based compensation plan and related share-based compensation awards were exchanged or converted, as applicable, into common stock of Intuitive Machines, Inc.
In connection with the Transactions, the Company was reorganized into an umbrella partnership C corporation (or “Up-C”) structure, in which substantially all of the assets and business of the Company are held by Intuitive Machines, LLC and continue to operate through Intuitive Machines, LLC and its subsidiaries. Intuitive Machines, Inc. is a holding company whose only material asset is its equity ownership interests of Intuitive Machines, LLC. While Intuitive Machines, LLC became a subsidiary of Intuitive Machines, Inc. and Intuitive Machines, Inc. was appointed as its managing member, Intuitive Machines, LLC was deemed to be the acquirer in the Business Combination for accounting purposes. Accordingly, the Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, in which case the consolidated financial statements of the Company represent a continuation of Intuitive Machines, LLC and the issuance of common stock in exchange for the net assets of Intuitive Machines, Inc. was recorded at historical cost with no recognition of goodwill or other intangible assets. Operations prior to the Business Combination are those of Intuitive Machines, LLC. In addition, the number of shares subject to, and the exercise price of, the Company’s outstanding options were adjusted to reflect the Business Combination. The treatment of the Business Combination as a reverse recapitalization was based upon the pre-merger members of Intuitive Machines, LLC holding the majority of the voting interests of Intuitive Machines, Inc., Intuitive Machines, LLC’s existing management team serving as the initial management team of Intuitive Machines, Inc., Intuitive Machines, LLC’s appointment of the majority of the initial board of directors of Intuitive Machines, Inc., and the significance of Intuitive Machines, LLC’s operations prior to the Business Combination which represent the entirety of Company’s operations.
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NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
Reclassifications
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. These reclassifications did not result in any changes to previously reported net income. The Company reclassed a certain amount to separate line item in the consolidated statement of operations.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results could differ from those estimates.
The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience, other factors, including the current economic environment, and various other judgments that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Changes in those estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future reporting periods.
Segment Reporting
Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company has determined that it operates in one operating segment and one reportable segment, as the CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. See Note 18 - Segment Information for additional disclosures on segment reporting.
Business Combination
The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, in accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations”. The acquisition method requires identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized and measured at fair value on the acquisition date, which is the date that the acquirer obtains control of the acquired business. The amount by which the fair value of consideration transferred exceeds the net fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. The determination of estimated fair value requires the Company to make significant estimates and assumptions, such as future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates, and asset lives, among other items. During the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the provisional amounts recognized for assets and liabilities assumed, with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill, to reflect new information about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. For changes in the valuation of intangible assets identified during the measurement period, the related amortization is adjusted to reflect the revised values as if they had been recognized as of the acquisition date. Subsequent to the purchase price allocation period, any adjustment to assets acquired or liabilities assumed is included in operating results in the period in which the adjustment is determined. See Note 3 for disclosures related to our recent acquisition.
Contingent Consideration
Under the terms of business combinations or asset acquisitions, we may be required to pay additional contingent consideration if specified future events occur or if certain conditions are met. In a business combination, in accordance with ASC 805, contingent consideration is recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date and classified as liabilities or equity. For contingent consideration classified as liabilities, we remeasure the contingent consideration at fair value each period with changes in fair value recorded in the statements of operations. With respect to contingent consideration that may be settled by issuance of shares of our Class A Common Stock, we account for the contingent consideration as a liability in
62
Concentration of Credit Risks
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. By their nature, all such financial instruments involve risks, including the credit risk of nonperformance by counterparties.
The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held at major financial institutions. Certain account balances exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits of $250,000 per account. The Company generally does not require collateral to support the obligations of the counterparties and cash levels held at banks are more than federally insured limits. The Company limits its exposure to credit loss by maintaining its cash and cash equivalents with highly rated financial institutions. The Company has not experienced material losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents.
The Company monitors the creditworthiness of its customers to whom it grants credit terms in the normal course of its business. The Company evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivable based on known collection risks and historical experience. In circumstances where the Company is aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to the Company (e.g., bankruptcy filings, substantial downgrading of credit ratings), the Company records a specific allowance for expected credit losses against amounts to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount it reasonably believes will be collected and revenue recognition is deferred until the amount is collected and the contract is completed. For all other customers, the Company records allowances for credit losses based on the specific analysis of the customer’s ability to pay on an as needed basis.
Major suppliers are defined as those individually comprising more than 10% of the annual goods or services purchased. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company had no major suppliers, and for the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company had one major supplier representing 17 11 % and one other major supplier representing 14 %, respectively, of the accounts payable balance.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025, and related notes were prepared on the basis of a going concern, which contemplates that the Company will be able to realize assets and discharge liabilities in the normal course of business.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $582.6 million and working capital of $494.0 million. The Company invests excess cash in highly liquid, low risk interest-bearing overnight sweep and demand deposit accounts with major financial institutions. The Company has historically funded its operations through internally generated cash on hand, proceeds from sales of its capital stock, proceeds from warrant exercises, and proceeds from the issuance of bank debt.
On February 27, 2026, the Company completed a definitive securities purchase agreement (“Securities Purchase Agreement”) with certain institutional investors or their affiliates (collectively, the “Investors”) relating to the issuance and sale to the Investors of shares of Class A Common Stock at a price of $15.12 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $175.0 million.
On January 13, 2026, the Company completed the acquisition of 100 % of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Lanteris Space Holdings LLC (“Lanteris”), pursuant to a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement with Vantor Holdings Inc. Formerly Maxar Space Systems, Lanteris is a spacecraft manufacturer serving national security, commercial
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and civil customers. The aggregate consideration transferred at closing was approximately $705.8 million, consisting of $403.3 million in cash and 22,991,028 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock valued at $283.7 million. In addition, the Company issued approximately 1,518,163 shares of Class A Common Stock valued at $18.7 million for retention and transaction bonuses, assumed indebtedness and funded obligations of approximately $134.9 million, and incurred transaction expenses of $11.7 million. The Company funded the cash portion of the purchase price using cash on hand. See Note 19 - Subsequent Events for additional information on this acquisition.
On October 1, 2025, the Company completed the stock purchase agreement to acquire 100 % of the issued and outstanding capital stock of KinetX, Inc (“KinetX”). KinetX is a privately-held, Arizona-based aerospace company with more than 30 years of experience delivering flight-proven, deep-space navigation, systems engineering, ground software, and constellation mission design to the U.S. government and international customers. The consideration for the acquisition totaled approximately $31.3 million, consisting of cash consideration of $15.0 million plus $1.1 million for transaction costs and other adjustments, and the issuance of 1,104,178 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock valued at $11.7 million based on the acquisition date closing stock price of $10.61 . Approximately 329,827 shares of Class A Common Stock, was held back in escrow to fund post-closing adjustments, in the amount of $3.5 million, based on the acquisition date closing stock price. The Company funded the cash consideration using cash on hand. See Note 3 - Acquisitions for more information on the acquisition of KinetX.
On August 18, 2025, the Company issued $345.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2.500 % convertible senior notes due 2030 (the “Convertible Notes”). The Convertible Notes are general, unsecured obligations of the Company and bear interest at a fixed rate of 2.500 % per year, payable semiannually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on April 1, 2026. The Convertible Notes will mature on October 1, 2030, unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased. The net proceeds of the Convertible Notes were $334.6 million after deducting the initial purchasers’ discount and commissions and the offering expenses payable by the Company. We used approximately $36.8 million of the net proceeds to pay the cost of the capped call transactions (as further defined in Note 8 - Debt). For further information on the Convertible Notes refer to Note 8 - Debt.
On March 4, 2025, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement with Stifel Bank which provides for a secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $40.0 million. As of December 31, 2025, the revolving credit facility remains unborrowed. Subsequently, on January 12, 2026, the Company and Stifel Bank entered into a waiver, in respect to the loan agreement, pursuant to which Stifel Bank consented to the acquisition of Lanteris (as discussed in Note 19 - Subsequent Events) while halting any borrowing and covenant obligations by the Company under the revolving credit facility. See Note 8 - Debt for additional information on this loan and security agreement.
Management believes that the cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2025 and the liquidity provided under the Securities Purchase Agreement and Convertible Notes, will be sufficient to fund the short-term liquidity needs and the execution of the business plan through at least the twelve-month period from the date the financial statements are issued.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers cash, time deposits and other highly liquid investments purchased with an initial maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists of cash not readily available for general purpose cash needs. Restricted cash relates to cash held at commercial banks to support credit accounts. Restricted cash serving as collateral will be released upon full repayment of the credit account.
Transaction Costs
Business Acquisitions
Transaction costs consists of direct legal, consulting, audit and other fees related to the business acquisitions of KinetX and Lanteris as further described herein this footnote under Liquidity and Capital Resources, and Notes 3 and 19. For the year
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ended December 31, 2025, transaction costs incurred related to acquisitions totaled approximately $10.8 million and was recorded to general and administrative expenses in our statement of operations.
Issuance of Securities
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
Accounts receivable consists of billed and unbilled receivable, less an allowance for any potential expected uncollectible amounts and do not bear interest. The Company estimates allowance for credit losses based on the credit worthiness of each customer, historical collections experience and other information, including the aging of the receivables. The Company writes off accounts receivable against the allowance for credit losses when a balance is unlikely to be collected.
The following table provides a roll-forward of the Company’s allowance for credit losses (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of year | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Write-offs | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
Prepayments and Other Current Assets
Prepaid and other current assets primarily consist of prepaid service fees, security deposits and other general prepayments.
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Property and equipment which are not in service are classified as construction-in-process.
Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives of assets:
| Asset | Useful Life | |||||||
| Leasehold improvements | ||||||||
| Vehicles and trailers | ||||||||
| Computers and software | ||||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | ||||||||
| Machinery and equipment | ||||||||
Long-Lived Assets
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Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Assets and liabilities of acquired businesses are recorded at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition. Goodwill represents costs in excess of fair values assigned to the underlying net assets of acquired businesses. The carrying value of goodwill is subject to an annual impairment test, which we will perform during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year. Impairment tests may also be triggered by any significant events or changes in circumstances affecting our business.
We currently have one reporting unit which encompasses all operations including new acquisitions. In performing our annual goodwill impairment test, we will perform a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying value of goodwill. The qualitative assessment includes a review of business changes, economic outlook, financial trends and forecasts, growth rates, industry data, market capitalization, and other relevant qualitative factors. If the qualitative factors indicate a potential impairment, we compare the fair value of our reporting unit to the carrying value of our reporting unit. If the fair value is less than its carrying value, an impairment charge is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. The loss recognized cannot exceed the carrying amount of goodwill.
Our intangible assets primarily represent allocations of purchase price to identifiable intangible assets of acquired businesses and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist. If such indicators are present, it is determined whether the sum of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows attributable to such assets is less than their carrying values. See Note 6 for additional information on goodwill and intangible assets.
Earn-Out Liabilities
The Series A Investment
Concurrently with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement (as described in Note 1), Intuitive Machines, Inc. entered into the Series A Purchase Agreement with Kingstown 1740 Fund, LP (an existing security holder of Intuitive Machines, Inc. and an affiliate of IPAX’s sponsor, Inflection Point Holdings LLC (the “Sponsor”) and Ghaffarian Enterprises, LLC (an affiliate of Kamal Ghaffarian, an Intuitive Machines, LLC founder) (collectively, the “Series A Investors”), pursuant to which, and on the terms and subject to the conditions of which, Intuitive Machines, Inc. agreed to issue and sell to the Series A Investors (i) an aggregate of 26,000 shares of 10 % Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) which will be convertible into shares of Class A Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of 10 % Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Certificate of Designation”) and (ii) warrants to purchase 541,667 shares of Class A Common Stock at an initial exercise price of $15.00 per share, subject to adjustment (the “Preferred Investor Warrants”).
In conjunction with the closing of the Business Combination, the Company received proceeds of $26.0 million and issued 26,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock and 541,667 Preferred Investor Warrants. The Series A Preferred Stock and Preferred Investor Warrants each represent freestanding financial instruments. The Series A Preferred Stock is not a mandatorily redeemable financial instrument and is redeemable at the option of the Series A Investors. The Series A Preferred Stock was recorded as Series A preferred stock subject to possible redemption and classified as temporary equity pursuant to ASC 480-10-S99. The Preferred Investor Warrants were classified as equity. The $26.0 million in proceeds
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received were allocated to the Series A Preferred Stock and Preferred Investor Warrants based on the relative fair value of the instruments at closing. See Note 10 for additional information on the Series A Preferred Stock and Note 11 for additional information on the Preferred Investor Warrants.
Warrants
Lease Liabilities and Right-of-Use Assets
Fair Value Measurements
The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade accounts receivables, accounts payables, amounts receivable or payable to related parties and long-term debt. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivables, accounts payables and receivables and payables from affiliates approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of the instruments. The fair value of debt approximates its carrying value because the cost of borrowing fluctuates based upon market conditions.
We utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. We estimate fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. When considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which is categorized in one of the following levels:
•Level 1: Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
•Level 2: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable; and
•Level 3: Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling interests represent the portion of Intuitive Machines, LLC that Intuitive Machines, Inc. controls and consolidates but does not own. The noncontrolling interests was created as a result of the Business Combination and represents 68,150,754 common units issued by Intuitive Machines, LLC to the prior investors. As of the Close of the Business Combination, Intuitive Machines, Inc. held an 18.8 % interest in Intuitive Machines, LLC, with the remaining 81.2 % interest held by Intuitive Machines, LLC’s prior investors. As of December 31, 2025, Intuitive Machines, Inc. held an 67.4 % interest in Intuitive Machines, LLC with the remaining 32.6 % interest held by the prior investors. The prior investors’ interests in Intuitive Machines, LLC represents a redeemable noncontrolling interest. At its discretion, the members have the right to exchange their common units in Intuitive Machines, LLC (along with the cancellation of the paired shares of Intuitive Machines Class C Common Stock in Intuitive Machines) for either shares of Class A Common Stock on a one -to-one basis or cash proceeds of equal value at the time of redemption. Any redemption of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units in cash must be funded through a private or public offering of Class A Common Stock and
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is subject to the Board’s approval. As of December 31, 2025, the prior investors of Intuitive Machines, LLC hold the majority of the voting rights on the Board.
As the redeemable noncontrolling interests are redeemable upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within the Company’s control, we classify our redeemable noncontrolling interests as temporary equity. The redeemable noncontrolling interests were initially measured at the Intuitive Machines, LLC prior investors’ share in the net assets of the Company upon consummation of the Business Combination. Subsequent remeasurements of the Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interests are recorded as a deemed dividend each reporting period, which reduces retained earnings, if any, or additional paid-in capital of Intuitive Machines. Remeasurements of the Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interests are based on the fair value of our Class A Common Stock. See Note 10 - Mezzanine Equity and Equity for additional information related to the redeemable noncontrolling interests.
General and Administrative Expense
General, selling, and administrative expenses consist of human capital related expenses for employees involved in general corporate functions, including executive management and administration, accounting, finance, tax, legal, information technology, marketing, and human resources; rent relating to the Company’s office space; professional fees and other general corporate costs; and research and development. Human capital expenses primarily include salaries and benefits. Research and development (“R&D”) represents costs incurred for the Company’s continued enhancements of our landers, lunar data network, other space systems, and also for the development and innovation of our proprietary technology platforms. R&D costs primarily include engineering personnel salaries and benefits, subcontractor costs, materials and supplies, and other related expenses.
Revenue Recognition
Most of our revenue is from long-term contracts associated with the engineering services for the research, design, development, manufacturing, integration and sustainment of advanced technology aerospace systems. Revenue is measured based on the amount of consideration specified in a contract with a customer. Revenue is recognized when and as our performance obligations under the terms of the contract are satisfied which generally occurs with the transfer of services to the customer. For each long-term contract, we determine the transaction price based on the consideration expected to be received. We allocate the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation to deliver a good or service, or a collection of goods and/or services, based on the relative standalone selling prices.
Contract Combination
To determine the proper revenue recognition method for contracts, we evaluate whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as one single contract and whether the combined or single contract should be accounted for as more than one performance obligation. This evaluation requires judgment and the decision to combine a group of contracts or separate a combined or single contract into multiple performance obligations could change the amount of revenue and profit recorded in each period. Contracts are considered to have a single performance obligation if the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts primarily because we provide a significant service of integrating a complex set of tasks and components into a single project or capability.
Contract Types
The Company performs work under contracts that broadly consist of fixed-price, cost-reimbursable, time-and-materials or a combination of the three. Pricing for all customers is based on specific negotiations with each customer.
For most of our business, where performance obligations are satisfied due to the continuous transfer of control to the customer, revenue is recognized over time. Where the customer contracts with us to provide a significant service of integrating a complex set of tasks and components into a single project or capability, those contracts are accounted for as single performance obligations. We recognize revenue generally using the cost-to-cost method, based primarily on contract costs incurred to date compared to total estimated contract costs at completion. This method is deemed appropriate in measuring performance towards completion because it directly measures the value of the goods and services transferred to the customer. Billing timetables and payment terms on our contracts vary based on a few factors, including the contract type. Typical payment terms under fixed-price contracts provide that the customer pays either performance-based payment based on the achievement of contract milestones or progress payments based on a percentage of costs we incur.
For a small portion of our business, where we have the right to consideration from the customer in an amount that corresponds directly with the value received by the customer based on our performance to date, revenue is recognized
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when services are performed and contractually billable. Under the typical payment terms of our services contracts, amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals (e.g., weekly, biweekly, or monthly) or upon achievement of contractual milestones.
Contract Costs
Contract costs include all direct materials, labor and subcontractor costs and an allocation of indirect costs related to contract performance. Customer-furnished materials are included in both contract revenue and cost of revenue when management concludes that the company is acting as a principal rather than as an agent. Revenue for uninstalled materials is recognized when the cost is incurred and control is transferred to the customer, which revenue is recognized using the cost-to-cost method. Certain costs associated with significant long-term service arrangements are capitalized and amortized across the life of the contract. Capitalized contract costs primarily relate to prepaid pre-launch integration and engineering services and launch services subcontracted with a third party. Pre-launch integration and engineering services and launch services are capitalized and amortized over the term of the contract on a systematic basis that is consistent with the transfer of the goods and services to our end customer. Project mobilization costs are generally charged to the project as incurred when they are an integrated part of the performance obligation being transferred to the client. Costs to obtain a contract are expensed as incurred unless they are expected to be recovered from the customer.
Variable Consideration
It is common for our contracts to contain variable consideration in the form of award fees, incentive fees, performance bonuses, liquidated damages or penalties that may increase or decrease the transaction price. These variable amounts generally are awarded upon achievement of certain performance metrics, program milestones or targets and can be based on customer discretion. We estimate the amount of variable consideration based on a weighted probability or the most likely amount to which we expect to be entitled. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price when it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur or when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include such amounts in the transaction price are based largely on our assessment of legal enforceability, anticipated performance, and any other information (historical, current or forecasted) that is reasonably available to us.
Contract Estimates and Modifications
Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on many of our performance obligations, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion is complex and subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. As a significant change in estimated total revenue and cost could affect the profitability of our contracts, we routinely review and update our contract-related estimates through a disciplined project review process in which management reviews the progress and execution of our performance obligations and the estimate at completion. As part of this process, management reviews information including, but not limited to, outstanding contract matters, progress towards completion, program schedule and the associated changes in estimates of revenue and costs. Management must make assumptions and estimates regarding the availability and productivity of labor, the complexity of the work to be performed, the availability and cost of materials, the performance of subcontractors and the availability and timing of funding from the customer, along with other risks inherent in performing services under all contracts where we recognize revenue over time using the cost-to-cost method.
We typically recognize changes in contract estimates on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the changes are identified. Such changes in contract estimates can result in the recognition of revenue in a current period for performance obligations which were satisfied or partially satisfied in prior period. Changes in contract estimates may also result in the reversal of previously recognized revenue if the current estimate differs from the previous estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, we recognize the total loss in the period it is identified.
Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. Most of our contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct from existing contracts due to the significant integration provided in the context of the contract and are accounted for as if they were part of the original contract. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price and our measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates, is recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) on a cumulative catch-up basis. We account for contract modifications prospectively when the modification results in the promise to deliver additional goods or services that are distinct and the increase in price of the contract is for the same amount as the stand-alone selling price of the additional goods or services included in the modification.
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Unbilled Receivables and Deferred Revenue
Billing practices are governed by the contract terms of each project based upon costs incurred, achievement of milestones or predetermined schedules. Billings do not necessarily correlate with revenue recognized over time using the cost-to-cost method. Unbilled receivables (contract assets) include unbilled amounts typically resulting from revenue under long-term contracts when the cost-to-cost method of revenue recognition is utilized, and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. Deferred revenue (contract liabilities) consists of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Our unbilled receivables and deferred revenue are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.
The payment terms of our contracts from time to time require the customer to make advance payments as well as interim payments as work progresses. The advance payment generally is not considered to contain a significant financing component as we expect to recognize those amounts in revenue within a year of receipt as work progresses on the related performance obligation.
Government Grants
Income Taxes
Intuitive Machines, Inc. is a corporation and thus is subject to United States (“U.S.”) federal, state and local income taxes. Intuitive Machines, LLC is a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and therefore does not pay United States federal income tax. Instead, the Intuitive Machines, LLC unitholders, including Intuitive Machines, Inc., are liable for U.S. federal income tax on their respective shares of Intuitive Machines, LLC’s taxable income. Intuitive Machines, LLC is liable for income taxes in those states which tax entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes for the Company. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and net operating loss (“NOL”) and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in income tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. The realizability of deferred tax assets is evaluated quarterly based on a “more likely than not” standard and, to the extent this threshold is not met, a valuation allowance is recorded.
The Company follows the guidance of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. Interest and penalties associated with tax positions are recorded in the period assessed as general and administrative expenses. The open tax years for the tax returns generally include 2022 through 2024 for state and federal reporting purposes.
Tax Receivable Agreement
In conjunction with the consummation of the Transactions, Intuitive Machines, Inc. entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement (the “TRA”) with Intuitive Machines, LLC and certain Intuitive Machines, LLC members (the “TRA Holders”). Pursuant to the TRA, Intuitive Machines, Inc. is required to pay the TRA Holders 85 % of the amount of cash tax savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, and local income tax that are based on, or measured with respect to, net income or profits, and any interest related thereto that Intuitive Machines, Inc. realizes, or is deemed to realize, as a result of certain tax attributes, including (A) existing tax basis of certain assets of Intuitive Machines, LLC and its subsidiaries, (B) tax basis adjustments resulting from taxable exchanges of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units acquired by Intuitive Machines, Inc., (C) certain tax benefits realized by Intuitive Machines, Inc. as a result of the Business Combination, and (D) tax
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deduction in respect of portions of certain payments made under the TRA. All such payments to the TRA Holders are the obligations of Intuitive Machines, Inc., and not that of Intuitive Machines, LLC. See Note 9 - Income Taxes for additional information on the TRA liability.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share (“EPS”)
The Company reports both basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding and excludes the dilutive effect of warrants, stock options, and other types of convertible securities. Diluted earnings per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding and the dilutive effect of stock options, warrants and other types of convertible securities are included in the calculation. Dilutive securities are excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation if their effect is anti-dilutive, such as in periods where a net loss has been reported.
Prior to the Business Combination, the membership structure of Intuitive Machines, LLC included membership units. In conjunction with the closing of the Business Combination, the Company effectuated a recapitalization whereby all membership units were converted to common units of Intuitive Machines, LLC, and Intuitive Machines, Inc. implemented a revised class structure including Class A Common Stock having one vote per share and economic rights, Class B Common Stock having one vote per share and no economic rights, and Class C Common Stock having three votes per share and no economic rights. The Company has determined that the calculation of loss per unit for periods prior to the Business Combination would not be meaningful to the users of these consolidated financial statements. As a result, loss per share information has not been presented for periods prior to the Business Combination on February 13, 2023.
Share-Based Compensation
We recognize all share-based awards to employees and directors as share-based compensation expense based upon their fair values on the date of grant.
We estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense during the requisite service periods. We have estimated the fair value for each option award as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model considers, among other factors, the expected life of the award and the expected volatility of our share price. We recognize the share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period using the straight-line method for service condition only awards, which is generally a vesting term of five years . Forfeitures are accounted for in the period in which they occur and reverses any previously recognized compensation cost associated with forfeited awards.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which focuses on the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU No. 2023-09 requires a public business entity to disclose, on an annual basis, a tabular rate reconciliation using both percentages and currency amounts, broken out into specified categories with certain reconciling items further broken out by nature and jurisdiction to the extent those items exceed a specified threshold. In addition, all entities are required to disclose income taxes paid, net of refunds received disaggregated by federal, state/local, and foreign and by jurisdiction if the amount is at least 5% of total income tax payments, net of refunds received. For public business entities, the new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. An entity may apply the amendments in this ASU prospectively by providing the revised disclosures for the period ending December 31, 2025 and continue to provide the pre-ASU disclosures for the prior periods, or may apply the amendments retrospectively by providing the revised disclosures for all period presented. The Company adopted the new standard as of January 1, 2025 and has applied this standard prospectively in the financial statements. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which is intended to improve the disclosures of expenses by providing more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The standard can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the standard on the presentation of its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
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In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments, which clarifies the requirements for determining whether to account for certain early settlements of convertible debt instruments as induced conversions or extinguishments. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The standard can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. Management does not expect this new guidance to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets which provides all entities a practical expedient option when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606, including those assets acquired in a transaction accounted for under Topic 805, Business Combinations. ASU 2025-05 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, and applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements disclosures.
In September 2025, FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. ASU 2025-06 modernizes the accounting for internal-use software costs by eliminating the prescriptive and sequential development stage model and introducing a principles-based framework requiring companies to capitalize internal-use software costs when management commits to funding the software project and it is probable the project will be completed. The amendment is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impacts of adopting this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2025, FASB issued ASU 2025-10, Government Grants (Topic 832) - Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities ASU 2025-10 which establishes authoritative guidance for the accounting of government grants received by business entities. The guidance requires recognition of grants when it is probable that the entity will comply with the related conditions and that the grant will be received. Asset-related grants may be recorded as deferred income or as a reduction of the related asset, while income-related grants are recognized in earnings over the periods in which the related costs are incurred. The amendment is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2028, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impacts of adopting this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.
Other Current Liabilities
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Payroll accruals | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Income tax liability | |||||||||||
| Professional fees accruals | |||||||||||
| Contingent consideration liabilities (Notes 3 and 13) | |||||||||||
| Loan interest payable | |||||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | |||||||||||
| Other current liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
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NOTE 3 - ACQUISITIONS
On October 1, 2025, the Company completed the stock purchase agreement to acquire 100 % of the issued and outstanding capital stock of KinetX. KinetX is a privately-held, Arizona-based aerospace company with more than 30 years of experience delivering flight-proven, deep-space navigation, systems engineering, ground software, and constellation mission design to the U.S. government and international customers. The consideration for the acquisition totaled approximately $31.3 million, consisting of cash consideration of $15.0 million, seller payable adjustments of $1.1 million treated as consideration transferred, and the issuance of 1,104,178 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock valued at $11.7 million based on the acquisition date closing stock price of $10.61 . Approximately 329,827 shares of Class A Common Stock valued at $3.5 million, were held back in escrow to settle any post-closing adjustments and/or potential claims. The holdback was accounted for as contingent consideration and recorded as a liability based on its estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. The Company funded the cash consideration using cash on hand. Goodwill primarily represents expected synergies, assembled workforce, and future growth opportunities. The goodwill is not fully deductible for income tax purposes.
The following table presents the purchase consideration and the preliminary estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed by the Company as of the acquisition date (in thousands):
| October 1, 2025 | ||||||||
| Cash consideration | $ | |||||||
| Fair value of Class A Common Stock issued | ||||||||
| Equity holdback in escrow | ||||||||
| Transaction costs and other adjustments payable to the seller | ||||||||
| Purchase consideration | $ | |||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | |||||||
| Trade accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Contract assets | ||||||||
| Prepaid and other current assets | ||||||||
Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||||||
Operating lease right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Total assets | ||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ||||||||
Operating lease liabilities, current | ||||||||
Deferred tax liability, current | ||||||||
Other current liabilities | ||||||||
Operating lease liabilities, non-current | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| Fair value of net identifiable assets acquired | ||||||||
| Goodwill | $ | |||||||
The following table summarizes the preliminary estimated fair values of intangible assets acquired by class and the related estimated lives (in thousands, except useful life in years):
| Intangible Asset | Estimated Life in Years | October 1, 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | $ | |||||||||||||
| Developed technology | ||||||||||||||
| Total intangible assets | $ | |||||||||||||
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The amounts presented in the tables above represent preliminary valuation analyses completed to assess the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the amount of goodwill to be recognized as of the acquisition date. These fair values were based on management’s estimates and assumptions but are preliminary in nature and are subject to adjustment as additional information is obtained about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. All values remain preliminary including, but not limited to, intangible assets, including the preliminary assumptions used in their estimates of fair values and their respective estimated useful lives, the valuation of certain tangible assets, working capital accounts, income taxes, and residual goodwill. The final determination of the fair values, purchase consideration, related income tax impacts and residual goodwill will be completed as soon as practicable, and within the measurement period of up to one year from the acquisition date as permitted under GAAP. Any adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period will be recorded in the reporting period in which the adjustment is determined.
The result of operations of KinetX has been included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations since the date of acquisition, October 1, 2025, and includes revenues of $1.3 million and operating loss of $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2025.
NOTE 4 - REVENUE
Disaggregated Revenue
We disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by contract type. The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue by Contract Type | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed price | $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost reimbursable | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time and materials | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from contracts with customers | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grant revenue | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contract Assets and Liabilities
Contract assets primarily relate to deferred contract costs for subcontracted launch services, as well as work completed not yet billed for performance obligations that are satisfied over time. Deferred contract costs and unbilled receivables are recorded contract assets on our consolidated balance sheets. Contract assets related to deferred contract costs are amortized straight-line across the life of the long-term service arrangement. Contract assets related to work completed for performance obligations that are satisfied over time are transferred to receivables when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract liabilities relate to billings or consideration received in advance of performance (obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer) under the contract as well as provisions for loss contracts. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when the performance obligation has been performed. Current deferred revenue and provisions for loss contracts are recorded in current contract liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Long-term deferred revenue and provisions for loss contracts are recorded in long-term contract liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.
The following table presents contract assets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Contract Assets | |||||||||||
| Unbilled receivables | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Deferred contract costs | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
Amortization expense associated with deferred contract costs for subcontracted launch services was recorded in cost of revenue and was $29.8 million and $10.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Launch
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delay fees are recorded directly to the cost of revenue and were $2.3 million and $3.6 million, for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The following table presents contract liabilities as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Contract liabilities – current | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Contract loss provision | |||||||||||
| Accrued launch costs | |||||||||||
| Total contract liabilities – current | |||||||||||
| Contract liabilities – long-term | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Contract loss provision | |||||||||||
| Total contract liabilities – long-term | |||||||||||
| Total contract liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
Revenue recognized from amounts included in contract liabilities at the beginning of the period was $53.3 million and $13.6 million, during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Loss Contracts
A contract loss occurs when the current estimate of the consideration that we expect to receive is less than the current estimate of total estimating costs to complete the contract. For purposes of determining the existence of or amount of a contract loss, we consider total contract consideration, including any variable consideration constrained for revenue recognition purposes. We may experience favorable or unfavorable changes to contract losses from time to time due to changes in estimated contract costs and modifications that result in changes to contract price. We recorded net losses related to contracts with customers of $22.6 million and $28.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The status of these loss contracts was as follows:
•Our IM-1 mission contract for lunar payload services, became a loss contract due to estimated contract costs exceeding the estimated amount of consideration that we expected to receive. The contract was successfully completed in February 2024. As a result of a successful mission, previously constrained variable consideration of $12.3 million as of December 31, 2023 was released and approximately $11.6 million was recognized as revenue during the first quarter of 2024. For the year ended December 31, 2024, changes in estimated contract costs resulted in an additional $5.7 million in contract loss.
•Our IM-2 mission contract for lunar payload services, became a loss contract in 2023 due to estimated contract costs exceeding the estimated amount of consideration that we expected to receive. The IM-2 mission associated with this contract was completed in March 2025. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, changes in estimated contract costs resulted in an additional $1.0 million and $9.9 million, in contract loss, respectively. During the third quarter of 2025, the IM-2 mission contract was closed-out and previously constrained revenue of approximately $5.5 million was recognized in revenue. As of December 31, 2024, the contract loss provision recorded in contract liabilities, current in our consolidated balance sheets was $0.9 million, and there was no contract loss provision remaining as of December 31, 2025.
•Our IM-3 mission contract for lunar payload services, became a loss contract in 2021 due to estimated contract costs exceeding the estimated amount of consideration that we expected to receive. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, changes in estimated contract costs resulted in an additional $20.1 million and $12.5 million, in contract loss, respectively. The increase in estimated contract costs was primarily driven by the alignment of the mission schedule with the completion of an internally-developed satellite to be placed in lunar orbit to meet NSN contract obligations. The period of performance for this contract currently runs through March 2027. As of December 31, 2025, this contract was approximately 85 % complete. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the contract loss provision recorded in contract liabilities, current was $6.5 million and $7.0 million, respectively, in our consolidated balance sheets.
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•Our IM-4 mission contract for lunar payload services, became a loss contract during the second quarter of 2025 due to estimated contract costs exceeding the estimated amount of consideration that we expect to receive. For the year ended December 31, 2025, changes in estimated contract costs resulted in $1.4 million in contract loss. As of December 31, 2025 this contract was approximately 32 % complete. The period of performance for this contract currently runs through August 2028. As of December 31, 2025, the contract loss provision recorded in contract liabilities, current was $0.5 million and $0.4 million in contract liabilities, non-current in our consolidated balance sheets.
•The remaining loss contracts are individually and collectively immaterial.
Remaining Performance Obligations
Remaining performance obligations represent the remaining transaction price of firm orders for which work has not been performed and excludes unexercised contract options. As of December 31, 2025, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $102.8 million. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately 60 -65 % of the remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months, 35 %-40 % in 2027 and the remaining thereafter. Remaining performance obligations do not include variable consideration that was determined to be constrained as of December 31, 2025 due to the uncertainty of achieving performance milestones or other factors not yet resolved.
For time and materials contracts and cost reimbursable contracts, we have adopted the practical expedient that allows us to recognize revenue based on our right to invoice; therefore, we do not report unfulfilled performance obligations for time and materials agreements and cost reimbursable agreements.
Grant Revenue and Related Matters
NOTE 5 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Vehicles and trailers | |||||||||||
| Computers and software | |||||||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | |||||||||||
| Machinery and equipment | |||||||||||
| Construction in progress | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment, gross | |||||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
Total depreciation expense related to property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, was $3.3 million and $1.9 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2025, construction in progress includes $50.8 million in capitalized costs associated with the fabrication and development of communications satellites and ground network assets, primarily in support of the NSN
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NOTE 6 - GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
On October 1, 2025, the Company acquired goodwill and intangible assets in connection with the completed stock purchase agreement of KinetX as further discussed in Note 3.
Goodwill
As of December 31, 2025, the carrying amount for goodwill was $18.7 million. There were no adjustments and no impairment recognized related to goodwill during the year ended December 31, 2025.
Intangible Assets, Net
The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of our intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands, except useful life in years):
| December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Estimated Useful Life | Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired intangible assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developed technology | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total intangible assets, net | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Our acquired intangible assets are amortized to expense on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense was $332 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2025. Over the next five years, estimated future amortization expense is approximately $1.3 no impairment recognized related to intangible assets during the year ended December 31, 2025.
NOTE 7 - LEASES
The Company leases real estate for administrative office space, research, marketing and light manufacturing operations of the lessee’s aerospace related research and development business under operating leases.
The Company has seven real estate leases with lease terms ranging from 30 months to 313 months and seven equipment leases (of which six are finance leases) with lease terms ranging from 36 months to 60 months, some of which contain options to extend and some of which contain options to terminate the lease without cause at the option of lessee.
The Company’s real estate leasing agreements include terms requiring the Company to reimburse the lessor for its share of real estate taxes, insurance, operating costs and utilities which the Company accounts for as variable lease costs when incurred since the Company has elected to not separate lease and non-lease components, and hence are not included in the measurement of lease liability. There are no restrictions or covenants imposed by any of the leases, and none of the Company’s leases contain material residual value guarantees.
Lunar Production and Operations Center Expansion
In July 2025, we executed an amendment to our ground lease agreement to expand our Lunar Production and Operations Center (“LPOC”) at the Houston Spaceport at Ellington Airport. The expansion calls for an additional investment of approximately $12.6 million by the Company for the construction of new production and testing facilities, plus support infrastructure, to scale our lunar lander assembly, Earth-reentry systems, Lunar Terrain Vehicle development, and NASA’s Near Space Network services. The amendment expands the total leased project site by an additional tract of approximately 3.0 acres. The amendment extends the lease term from 20 years to 25 years (ending October, 2048), with three optional renewal periods of 5 years each, and reduces the right-of-use assets and liabilities by approximately $7.1 million. The Company accounted for this amendment as a lease modification by remeasuring the right-of-use assets and liabilities as of
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the effective date. Should construction costs exceed the estimated expansion investment, the Company will consider and account for the excess as variable lease payments or, if the excess costs are significant, the Company will remeasure the lease liability and right-of-use asset. Furthermore, the amendment includes lease components that have not yet commenced. The Company expects to recognize additional lease liabilities of approximately $7.9 million as the expansion phases are completed in 2026.
Spaceport Facility Lease Agreement
In July 2025, we executed a sublease for additional office and production space at the Houston Spaceport at Ellington Airport totaling approximately 116,000 square feet. The leased production space includes turn-key production equipment, including test facilities, that allow for an efficient and cost-effective expansion of our manufacturing capabilities. The lease agreement has a remaining term of 7 years. As of December 31, 2025, the Company recorded operating right-of-use assets of $6.4 million and operating lease liabilities of $6.8 million.
The components of total lease expense are as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease cost | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Finance lease cost | |||||||||||||||||
| Variable lease cost | |||||||||||||||||
| Short-term lease cost | |||||||||||||||||
| Total lease cost | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
The components of supplemental cash flow information are as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Leases | Finance Leases | Operating Leases | Finance Leases | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | $ | — | $ | $ | — | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases (in months) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average discount rate - operating leases | % | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The operating and finance lease ROU assets, current operating lease liabilities, current finance lease liabilities, non-current operating lease liabilities, and non-current finance lease liabilities are disclosed in our consolidated balance sheets.
The table below includes the estimated future undiscounted cash flows for operating and finance leases as of December 31, 2025 (in thousands):
| Year Ending December 31, | Operating Leases | Finance Leases | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||||||||
| 2028 | ||||||||||||||
| 2029 | ||||||||||||||
| 2030 | ||||||||||||||
| Thereafter | ||||||||||||||
| Total undiscounted lease payments | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Less: imputed interest | ||||||||||||||
| Present value of lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
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NOTE 8 - DEBT
The following table summarizes our outstanding debt (in thousands):
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Convertible Notes | $ | $ | |||||||||
Less: unamortized debt discount | ( | ||||||||||
| Less: unamortized debt issuance costs | ( | ||||||||||
| Long-term debt, net of current maturities | $ | $ | |||||||||
Convertible Notes
On August 18, 2025, the Company issued $345.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2.500 % convertible senior notes due 2030. The Convertible Notes are general, unsecured obligations of the Company and bear interest at a fixed rate of 2.500 % per year, payable semiannually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on April 1, 2026. The Convertible Notes will mature on October 1, 2030, unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased.
The Convertible Notes are convertible at the option of the holders at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding July 1, 2030 only under the following conditions: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on December 31, 2025 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s Class A Common Stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130 % of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any ten consecutive trading day period (the “Measurement Period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the Convertible Notes for each trading day of the Measurement Period was less than 98 % of the product of the last reported sale price of the Class A Common Stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; (3) if the Company issues a notice of redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after July 1, 2030 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their notes at any time, in integral multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holder regardless of the foregoing conditions. Upon conversion, the Company may satisfy its conversion obligation by paying or delivering, as the case may be, cash, shares of Class A Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of Class A Common Stock, at the Company’s election.
The Company may not redeem the notes prior to October 6, 2028. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the notes, at the Company’s option, on or after October 6, 2028 and prior to the 26th scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, but only if the “liquidity condition” (as defined below) is satisfied and the last reported sale price of the Class A Common Stock has been at least 130 % of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, at a redemption price equal to 100 % of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. The “liquidity condition” is satisfied if the Company has filed all reports and other materials required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as applicable, during the preceding 12 months, after giving effect to all applicable grace periods thereunder and other than current reports on Form 8-K; or if the Company has elected to settle all conversions by cash settlement. If the Company redeems less than all the outstanding Convertible Notes, at least $75.0 million aggregate principal amount must be outstanding and not subject to redemption as of, and after giving effect to, delivery of the relevant notice of redemption (unless the Company makes an “all notes election” with respect to such partial redemption, in which case such partial redemption limitation shall not apply). No sinking fund is provided for the notes.
The initial conversion rate for the Convertible Notes is 76.2631 shares of Class A Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of the notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $13.1125 per share of Class A Common Stock. The conversion rate and conversion price are subject to customary adjustments upon the occurrence of certain events. In addition, holders who convert their notes in connection with a make-whole fundamental change or a notice of redemption may be entitled to an increase in the conversion rate. For the potential dilutive impact of the Convertible Notes if-converted, refer to Note 14 - Net Loss per Share.
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The Convertible Notes include customary covenants and certain events of default after which the notes may be declared immediately due and payable and set forth certain types of bankruptcy or insolvency events of default involving the Company after which the notes become automatically due and payable. As of December 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenant requirements related to the Convertible Notes.
As of December 31, 2025, the aggregate fair value of the Convertible Notes was $526.4 million based on an observable market quote in an active market (Level 2 inputs). Debt discount and issuance costs are comprised of costs incurred in connection with debt issuance and are presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as a deduction to the carrying amount of the debt and amortized using the effective interest method to interest expense over the term of the debt. The conversion feature was evaluated under ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” and ASC 470-20 “Debt with Conversion and Other Options” and was not separated as a derivative because it met the equity scope exception; therefore, the Convertible Notes are accounted for entirely as a liability. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the effective interest rate on the Convertible Notes, including the impact of the debt discount and issuance costs, was approximately 3.04 % and the Company recognized $3.9 million of interest expense related to the Convertible Notes which included the amortization of the debt discount and issuance costs of $0.8 million.
Capped Calls
On August 18, 2025, in connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes (as described above), the Company entered into capped call transactions (the “Capped Calls”) with certain financial institutions at an aggregate cost of approximately $36.8 million. The Capped Calls cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, the number of Class A Common Stock underlying the Convertible Notes. The Capped Calls can be settled in cash or shares at the Company’s option and are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to the Class A Common Stock upon any conversion of the Convertible Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes. The Capped Calls have an initial strike price of $13.1125 and an initial cap price of $20.9800 per share, which are subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Calls. The Capped Calls meet the criteria for equity classification under ASC 815-40 as they are indexed to the Company’s own stock and require settlement in shares or cash at the Company’s option. The Capped Calls cover approximately 26,310,770 of Class A Common Stock. These instruments are excluded from diluted earnings per share calculations as they are currently anti-dilutive.
Stifel Loan Agreement
On March 4, 2025, we entered into a loan and security agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Stifel Bank. The Loan Agreement provides for a secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $40.0 million (the “Revolving Facility”). The proceeds of the loans (and any letters of credit issued thereunder) may be used for the funding of growth initiatives, including working capital needs and general corporate purposes as the Company continues to focus on minimizing its cost of capital while maximizing available funding alternatives. Amounts outstanding under the Revolving Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the greater of (a) Term SOFR (secured overnight financing rate) plus 2.75 % and (b) 6.00 % and requires the Company to meet certain financial and other covenants. The Loan Agreement matures on April 30, 2027 (the “Maturity Date”). Subject to certain conditions in the Loan Agreement, amounts borrowed thereunder may be repaid and reborrowed at any time prior to the Maturity Date. As of December 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to the Loan Agreement. As of December 31, 2025, there was no outstanding debt under the Stifel Loan Agreement.
On January 12, 2026, the Company and Stifel Bank entered into a waiver, in respect to the Loan Agreement pursuant to which Stifel Bank consented to the acquisition of Lanteris (as discussed in Note 19 - Subsequent Events) and halted any borrowing and covenant obligations by the Company under Revolving Facility.
Live Oak Credit Mobilization Facility
On December 12, 2019, the Company entered into a loan agreement with Live Oak Banking Company (the “Credit Mobilization Facility”) which provided a $12.0 million credit mobilization facility that was paid in full as of November 2023. In July 2022, we entered into the Second Amended and Restated Loan Agreement with Live Oak Banking Company which provided an $8.0 million mobilization credit facility with a loan maturity of July 14, 2024. The Credit Mobilization Facility bears interest (payable monthly) at a rate per annum equal to the greater of (a) the prime rate, as published in the Wall Street Journal newspaper, plus 2.0 % and (b) 5.0 % and requires the Company to meet certain financial and other covenants and are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company. There was $8.0 million outstanding under the Credit Mobilization Facility as of December 31, 2023. The Company paid $5.0 million during the second quarter of 2024 and paid the remaining $3.0 million in July 2024 and the facility has been terminated.
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Bridge Loan
On January 10, 2024, the Company entered into a series of loan documents with Pershing LLC, an affiliate of Bank of New York Mellon, pursuant to which Pershing LLC agreed to an extension of credit in an amount not to exceed $10.0 million to the Company (the “Bridge Loan”). Borrowings under the Bridge Loan bear interest at the target interest rate set by the Federal Open Market Committee (“Fed Funds Rate”), subject to a 5.5 % floor, plus a margin. For borrowings, the applicable rate margin is 0.9 %. The $10.0 million in borrowings are available for working capital needs and other general corporate purposes were required to be repaid by February 22, 2024.
The Bridge Loan included guarantees (the “Credit Support Guarantees”) by Ghaffarian Enterprises, LLC (an affiliate of Dr. Kamal Ghaffarian) (“Ghaffarian Enterprises” or “Guarantor”) and documentation by which Ghaffarian Enterprises, LLC supported such Credit Support Guarantees with collateral including marketable securities (the “Credit Support”), in each case in favor of the lender for the benefit of the Company. On January 10, 2024, the Company and Ghaffarian Enterprises entered into a credit support fee and subrogation agreement, where the Company agreed to pay a support fee of $148 thousand for the Credit Support.
On January 29, 2024, the Bridge Loan was repaid in full as a result of $10.0 million in contributions from the Guarantor under the Bridge Loan Conversion transaction further described in Note 10.
NOTE 9 - INCOME TAXES
The Company’s consolidated income tax provision consisted of the following components (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Current: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| State | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | |||||||||||||||||
| State and local | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Total income tax provision (benefit) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes to the amount computed by applying the 21.0 % statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to income before income taxes for years after to the adoption of ASU 2023-09 is as follows (in thousands except for rates):
| Year Ended December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | $ | ( | ||||||||||||
| U.S. federal statutory tax rate | ( | % | ||||||||||||
State and local income tax, net of federal (national) income tax effect (1) | ( | % | ||||||||||||
| Changes in valuation allowance | ( | % | ||||||||||||
| Nontaxable or nondeductible items | ||||||||||||||
| Fair value activity on earn-out liabilities | ( | % | ||||||||||||
| Income passed through to partners | ( | % | ||||||||||||
| Equity compensation | ( | % | ||||||||||||
| Other | ( | % | ||||||||||||
| Other adjustments | ||||||||||||||
| KinetX investment deferred adjustment | ( | % | ||||||||||||
| Other | ( | % | ||||||||||||
| Total income tax provision | $ | ( | % | |||||||||||
(1) State and local taxes in Texas made up the majority (greater than 50%) of the tax effect in this category.
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The reconciliation of the income tax provision computed at the Company’s effective tax rate is as follows (in thousands except for rates):
| Year Ended December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | $ | ( | |||||||||
| % | |||||||||||
| Expected income tax benefit | ( | ||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest | |||||||||||
| Fair value activity on earn-out liabilities | |||||||||||
| Fair value activity on warrant liabilities | |||||||||||
| Other permanent differences | ( | ||||||||||
| Equity compensation | ( | ||||||||||
| State income tax expense | ( | ||||||||||
| Change in valuation allowance | |||||||||||
| Other | ( | ||||||||||
| Total income tax provision | $ | ||||||||||
| Effective tax rate | ( | % | |||||||||
The Company’s effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, were (3.85 )% and (0.01 )%, respectively. For years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, our effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate of 21 % primarily due to deferred taxes for which no benefit is being recorded and losses attributable to noncontrolling interest unitholders that are taxable on their respective share of taxable income. Additionally, for the year ended December 31, 2025, our effective tax rate difference from the statutory rate includes the deferred tax consequence of our acquisition and subsequent contribution of KinetX assets into Intuitive Machines, LLC.
The significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | |||||||||||
| Net operating losses | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted stock options | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Investment in Intuitive Machines, LLC | |||||||||||
| Excess Business Interest Expense | |||||||||||
| Other deferred tax assets | |||||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | |||||||||||
| Valuation allowance | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net deferred tax assets | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Section 481(a) adjustment | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net deferred tax asset (liability) | $ | $ | |||||||||
As a result of the Business Combination, the Company was appointed as the sole managing member of Intuitive Machines, LLC. Prior to the close of the Business Combination, the Company's financial reporting predecessor, Intuitive Machines, LLC, was treated as a pass-through entity for tax purposes and no provision, except for certain state taxes, was made in the consolidated financial statements for income taxes. Any income tax items for the periods prior to the close of the Business Combination are related to Intuitive Machines, LLC.
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The Company is a corporation and thus is subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes. Intuitive Machines, LLC is a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and therefore does not pay U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income. Instead, the Intuitive Machines, LLC unitholders, including the Company, are liable for U.S. federal income tax on their respective shares of Intuitive Machines, LLC’s taxable income. Intuitive Machines, LLC is liable for income taxes in those states which tax entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax base. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the consolidated financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the temporary differences are expected to be settled or recovered. Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded in the provision for income taxes.
Valuation Allowance
The Company has established a valuation allowance related to its domestic and state net deferred tax assets. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. The Company continues to closely monitor and weigh all available evidence, including both positive and negative, in making its determination whether to maintain a valuation allowance.
Tax Receivable Agreement
In conjunction with the consummation of the Transactions, Intuitive Machines, Inc. entered into a related party transaction, Tax Receivable Agreement (the “TRA”) with Intuitive Machines, LLC and certain Intuitive Machines, LLC members (the “TRA Holders”). Pursuant to the TRA, Intuitive Machines, Inc. is required to pay the TRA Holders 85 % of the amount of the cash tax savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, and local taxes that are based on, or measured with respect to, net income or profits, and any interest related thereto that the Company realizes, or is deemed to realize, as a result of certain tax attributes, including:
•existing tax basis in certain assets of Intuitive Machines, LLC and its subsidiaries;
•tax basis adjustments resulting from taxable exchanges of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units acquired by the Company;
•certain tax benefits realized by the Company as a result of the Business Combination; and
•tax deductions in respect of portions of certain payments made under the TRA.
All such payments to the TRA Holders are the obligations of the Company, and not that of Intuitive Machines, LLC. As of December 31, 2025, based primarily on historical losses of Intuitive Machines, Inc., management has determined it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will be unable to utilize its deferred tax assets subject to the TRA; therefore, management applies a full valuation allowance to deferred tax asset for a corresponding liability under the TRA related to the tax savings the Company may realize from the utilization of tax deductions related to basis adjustments created by the transactions in the Business Combination Agreement. The TRA is unrecognized. Due to the fact that the Company's deferred tax assets and corresponding TRA liability are unrecognized, changes to the TRA liability had no impact on the consolidated statements of operations.
Net Operating Loss
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had approximately $73.9 million of federal net operating loss carryforwards (“NOL carryforwards”), which do not have an expiration date. The Company’s deferred tax assets, including these NOL carryforwards have been reduced by a valuation allowance due to a determination made that it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred assets will not be realized based on the weight of all available evidence.
Uncertain Tax Positions
As of December 31, 2025, and 2024, the Company has no
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The Company files income tax returns in the U.S., including federal and various state filings. The number of years that are open under the statute of limitations and subject to audit varies depending on the tax jurisdiction. We remain subject to U.S. federal tax examinations for years after 2021.
NOTE 10 - MEZZANINE EQUITY AND EQUITY
Equity Transactions
Share Repurchase
In February 2025, related to the Warrant Redemption (as further discussed in Note 11), Michael Blitzer, a director and warrant holder, agreed to exercise 1,800,000 of the Warrants, and the Company agreed to repurchase 941,080 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $20.7 million.
Private Placement Transaction
On September 5, 2023, the Company consummated a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd (the “Purchaser”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell securities to the Purchaser in a private placement (the “Private Placement”). The Purchase Agreement provided for the sale and issuance by the Company of (i) an aggregate of 4,705,883 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock (the “PIPE Shares”) and (ii) an accompanying (a) warrant to purchase up to 4,705,883 shares of Class A Common Stock (the “Initial Series A Warrant”) at an exercise price of $4.75 per share and (b) warrant to purchase up to 4,705,883 shares of Class A Common Stock (the “Initial Series B Warrant”) at an exercise price of $4.75 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $20.0 million, before deducting related transaction costs of $1.4 million. The Initial Series A Warrant and the Initial Series B Warrant are immediately exercisable and will expire on March 5, 2029 and March 5, 2025, respectively. During the first quarter of 2024, the Initial Series A Warrant and the Initial Series B Warrant were fully exercised. See Note 11 for additional information on these warrants.
Bridge Loan Conversion
On January 28, 2024, the Company and the Guarantor entered into a letter agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) pursuant to which, on January 29, 2024 the Guarantor contributed $10.0 million to the Company for purposes of repaying the principal amount owed to the lender under the Bridge Loan in exchange for which the Company issued to the Guarantor 3,487,278 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock and Conversion Warrants described further in Note 11. Following the contribution, all amounts due to the Lender in satisfaction of the Bridge Loan were repaid in full.
Public Offering and Private Offering
On December 5, 2024, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 10,952,381 shares of its Class A Common Stock at a price to the public of $10.50 per share (the “Public Offering”), which included the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase an additional 1,275,714 shares of Class A Common Stock from the Company and 152,857 shares of Class A Common Stock from a selling stockholder. On December 2, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with an accredited investor, pursuant to which the Company sold to the investor 952,381 shares of its Class A Common Stock in a concurrent private placement at a purchase price per share equal to the Public Offering price per share of $10.50 (the “Private Offering” together with the Public Offering, the “2024 Offering”). The net proceeds to the Company from the 2024 Offering, after deducting transaction costs of $6.5 million, were approximately $116.9 million.
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Capital Stock
The table below reflects share information about the Company’s capital stock as of December 31, 2025.
| Par Value | Authorized | Issued | Treasury Stock | Outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A Common Stock | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class B Common Stock | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class C Common Stock | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series A Preferred Stock | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total shares | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class A Common Stock
Each holder of Class A Common Stock is entitled to one vote for each share of Class A Common Stock held of record in person or by proxy on all matters submitted to a vote of the holders of Class A Common Stock, whether voting separately as a class or otherwise. Class A Common Stock has rights to the economics of the Company and to receive dividend distributions, subject to applicable laws and the rights and preferences of holders of Series A Preferred Stock or any other series of stock having preference over or participation rights with Class A Common Stock. In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of Company, Class A Common Stock has rights to assets and funds of the Company available for distribution after making provisions for preferential and other amounts to the holders of Series A Preferred Stock or any other series of stock having preference over or participation rights with Class A Common Stock.
Class B Common Stock
Each holder of Class B Common Stock is entitled to one vote for each share of Class B Common Stock held of record in person or by proxy on all matters submitted to a vote of the holders of Class B Common Stock, whether voting separately as a class or otherwise. Class B Common Stock does not have rights to the economics of the Company nor to receive dividend distributions, except in limited circumstances. In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company, Class B Common Stock holders are entitled to receive par value per share only. Class B Common Stock ownership is limited only to Intuitive Machines, LLC members in an amount not to exceed at any time the aggregate number of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units held of record by such member.
Class C Common Stock
Each holder of Class C Common Stock is entitled to three votes for each share of Class C Common Stock held of record in person or by proxy on all matters submitted to a vote of the holders of Class C Common Stock, whether voting separately as a class or otherwise. Class C Common Stock does not have rights to the economics of the Company nor to receive dividend distributions, except in limited circumstances. In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company, Class C Common Stock holders are entitled to receive par value per share only. Class C Common Stock ownership is limited only to Intuitive Machines, LLC Founders in an amount not to exceed at any time the aggregate number of Intuitive Machines, LLC Founder Common Units held of record by such founder. The Intuitive Machines, LLC Founders are Dr. Kamal Ghaffarian, Stephen J. Altemus and Dr. Timothy Crain and their permitted transferees.
Class B and C Common Stock Conversions to Class A Common Stock
After the expiration of the applicable lock-up period on August 14, 2023, holders of certain Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units were permitted to exchange their Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units (along with the cancellation of the paired share of Class B Common Stock or share of Class C Common Stock) for shares of Class A Common Stock on a one -for-one basis (subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends and reclassifications) or at the Company’s election (determined by a majority of our directors who are disinterested with respect to such determination), cash from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale in an amount equal to the net amount, on a per share basis, of cash received as a result of such public offering or private sale.
During the third quarter of 2023, all of the previously issued shares of Class B Common Stock (and paired Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units) were exchanged for shares of Class A Common Stock on a one -for-one basis. The Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units and shares of Class B Common Stock were subsequently cancelled.
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Equity Facility
On September 16, 2022, in connection with the Business Combination discussed in Note 1, the Company entered into a common stock purchase agreement (the “Cantor Purchase Agreement” with CF Principal Investments LLC (“CFPI”), relating to an equity facility under which shares of Class A Common Stock may be sold to CFPI at the Company’s discretion, up to the lesser of (i) $50.0 million and (ii) the Exchange Cap (as defined in the common stock purchase agreement), subject to certain requirements and limitations. In connection with the execution of the Cantor Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to issue 100,000 shares of Class A Common Stock to CFPI. The Company entered into a registration rights agreement with CFPI, pursuant to which it agreed to register for resale, pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, the shares of Class A Common Stock that are sold to CFPI under the equity facility and the Commitment Shares. During the second quarter of 2023, we recorded a recapitalization adjustment to increase other current liabilities and decrease to paid-in capital for $1.0 million to recognize the Commitment Share liability within our consolidated balance sheets which was not previously recognized in the balance sheet of IPAX prior to the closing of the Business Combination.
In June 2023, the Company issued 95,785 Commitment Shares to CFPI. Under the terms of the Cantor Purchase Agreement, to the extent after the resale of the Commitment Shares by CFPI is less than $1.0 million, the Company agreed to pay CFPI the difference between $1.0 million and the net proceeds of the resale of the Commitment Shares received by CFPI in cash. During the first quarter of 2024, CFPI sold the 95,785 Commitment Shares resulting in a reduction of the Commitment Share liability to approximately $771 thousand. Under a separate agreement in March 2024, CFPI agreed to proportionally reduce the liability to the extent CFPI earned commissions under the Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement discussed below. As a result of the Class A Common Stock sold under the Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Commitment Share liability was reduced to zero and there is no remaining liability as of December 31, 2024. The Cantor Purchase Agreement contractually terminated on September 1, 2024 and no shares of Class A Common Stock were sold to CFPI under the Cantor Purchase Agreement.
Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement
On March 27, 2024, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor” or “agent”) to sell shares of the Class A Common Stock having an aggregate sale price of up to $100.0 million through our ATM Program under which Cantor acts as the sales agent. The sales of the shares made under the ATM Program may be made by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The agent sells the Class A Common Stock based upon the Company’s instructions (including any price, time or size limits or other customary parameters or conditions the Company may impose). Under the ATM Program, the agent is entitled to total compensation at a commission rate of up to 3.0 % of the sales price per share sold.
As of the third quarter of 2024, the Company had sold and issued 16,521,612 shares of Class A Common Stock under the ATM Program and received cash proceeds of approximately $97.5 million, net of $2.5 million in transaction fees, thereby reaching the $100.0 million limit of aggregate Class A Common Stock sales under the ATM Program.
Series A Preferred Stock (Mezzanine Equity)
The Series A Preferred Stock votes together with the Company’s Common Stock on an as-converted basis, except as required by law and under certain protective provisions. Each holder of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to cast the number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of Class A Common Stock into which the shares of Series A Preferred Stock are convertible. The Series A Preferred Stock pays dividends, semi-annually at the rate of 10 % of the original price per share, plus the amount of previously accrued, but unpaid dividends, compounded semi-annually, and participates with our Common Stock on all other dividends. Accrued dividends may be paid (i) in cash, (ii) subject to satisfaction of certain equity conditions, in shares of Class A Common Stock or (iii) accumulated, compounded and added to the liquidation preference described below.
Upon any liquidation or deemed liquidation event, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive out of the available proceeds, before any distribution is made to holders of Common Stock or any other junior securities, an amount per share equal to the greater of (i) 100 % of the Accrued Value (as defined in the Certificate of Designation) or (ii) such amount per share as would have been payable had all shares of Series A Preferred Stock been converted into Class A Common Stock immediately prior to the liquidation event.
Each share of Series A Preferred Stock will be convertible at the holder's option into shares of Class A Common Stock at an initial conversion ratio determined by dividing the Accrued Value (as defined in the Certificate of Designation) of such shares of Series A Preferred Stock by the conversion price of $12.00 per share subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Designation. As a result of the Private Placement on September 5, 2023 as discussed above and in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Designation, the Series A Preferred Stock conversion price was reduced to $5.10 per share. Additionally, as a result of the Warrant Exercise Agreement on January 10, 2024 in conjunction with
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the warrant transactions discussed in Note 11, the Series A Preferred Stock conversion price was further reduced from $5.10 per share to $3.00 per share.
In a series of notifications to the Company during February 2024, the registered holder of 21,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock elected to convert all of its Series A Preferred Stock holdings into Class A Common Stock at a conversion price of $3.00 per share. The Company issued 7,738,743 shares of Class A Common Stock as a result of the conversion and recorded an increase to equity of approximately $23.1 million and a corresponding decrease to Series A Preferred Stock in the consolidated balance sheets.
The Series A Preferred Stock shall be redeemable at the option of the holder commencing any time after the 5th year anniversary of the Closing Date at a price equal to the 100 % of the sum of (i) original purchase price plus (ii) all accrued/declared but unpaid dividends.
The Series A Preferred Stock shall be redeemable at the Company’s option commencing any time (A) after the 3rd year anniversary of the Closing Date at a price equal to the 115 % of the Accrued Value, (B) after the 4th anniversary of the Closing Date at a price equal to the 110 % of the Accrued Value and (C) after the 5th anniversary of the Closing Date at a price equal to the 100 % of the Accrued Value.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests (Mezzanine Equity)
As of December 31, 2025, the prior investors of Intuitive Machines, LLC owns 32.6 % of the common units of Intuitive Machines, LLC. The prior investors of Intuitive Machines, LLC have the right to exchange their common units in Intuitive Machines, LLC (along with the cancellation of the paired shares of Class B Common Stock or Class C Common Stock in Intuitive Machines, Inc.) for shares of Class A Common Stock on a one -to-one basis or cash proceeds for an equivalent amount. The option to redeem Intuitive Machines, LLC’s common units for cash proceeds must be approved by the Board, which as of December 31, 2025, is controlled by the prior investors. The ability to put common units is solely within the control of the holder of the redeemable noncontrolling interests. If the prior investors elect the redemption to be settled in cash, the cash used to settle the redemption must be funded through a private or public offering of Class A Common Stock and subject to the Company’s Board approval.
The financial results of Intuitive Machines, LLC and its subsidiaries are consolidated with Intuitive Machines, Inc. with the redeemable noncontrolling interests' share of our net loss separately allocated.
NOTE 11 - WARRANTS
Public and Private Warrants
In conjunction with the closing of the Business Combination, on February 13, 2023, the Company assumed a total of 23,332,500 warrants to purchase one share of the Company’s Class A Common Stock with an exercise price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment. Of the warrants, 16,487,500 Public Warrants were originally issued in the IPAX initial public offering (the “IPO”) and 6,845,000 private warrants (the “Private Warrants”) were originally issued in a private placement in connection with the IPO. The Company evaluated the terms of the warrants and determined they meet the criteria in ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”, to be classified in shareholders’ equity upon issuance. The warrants became exercisable 30 days after the closing of the Business Combination, and will expire five years after the closing of the Business Combination.
The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants except that the Private Warrants may not, subject to certain limited exceptions, be transferred assigned or sold by the holders until 30 days after the closing of the Business Combination. The Public Warrants and Private Warrants (collectively, the “Warrants”) do not entitle the holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a shareholder of the Company prior to exercise.
Once the Warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the outstanding warrants, in whole or in part, at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days prior written notice of redemption and if, and only if, the closing price of the Company’s Class A Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for adjustments to the number of shares issuable upon exercise pursuant to any anti-dilution adjustments) for any 20 days within a 30 -trading day period ending three business days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders. The number of Class A Common Stock issuable on exercise of each warrant will be increased in proportion to certain increases in outstanding Class A Common Stock including any share capitalization payable, sub-division of shares or other similar events.
On February 4, 2025, the Company announced the redemption of all of its outstanding Warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock that were issued under the warrant agreement, dated September 21, 2021 (the
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“Warrant Agreement”), by and between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and that remained unexercised at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on March 6, 2025 (the “Redemption Date”) for the redemption price of $0.01 per Warrant (the “Warrant Redemption”). During the period from January 1, 2025 and the Redemption Date, 15,358,229 of the Warrants were exercised resulting in gross proceeds of $176.6 million. As of the Redemption Date, 6,571,724 Warrants remained unexercised and were redeemed for an aggregate redemption price of $66 thousand. Trading of the Warrants on the Nasdaq was suspended prior to the market open on March 6, 2025, and the Warrants were subsequently delisted.
Preferred Investor Warrants
In conjunction with the issuance of Series A Preferred Stock at closing of the Business Combination, the Company issued 541,667 Preferred Investor Warrants (of which, 104,157 are owned by a related party, Ghaffarian Enterprises, LLC) to purchase one share of the Company’s Class A Common Stock with an exercise price of $15.00 , subject to adjustment. The Company evaluated the terms of the Preferred Investor Warrants and determined they meet the criteria to be classified in shareholders’ equity upon issuance.
The Preferred Investor Warrants were immediately exercisable upon issuance and expire five years from the closing of the Business Combination. The Preferred Investor Warrants include customary cash and cashless exercise provisions and may be exercised on a cashless basis if, at any time after the six month anniversary of the Closing Date, there is not an effective registration statement with respect to the Class A Common Stock. The Preferred Investor Warrants have the same terms and conditions as the Public Warrants. The Preferred Investor Warrants do not entitle the holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a shareholder of the Company prior to exercise.
As result of the Private Placement Transaction on September 5, 2023 discussed in Note 10 and in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Designation, the Preferred Investor Warrants exercise price was reduced from $15.00 to $11.50 per share and the aggregate number of shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Preferred Investor Warrants was proportionally increased to 706,522 .
As of December 31, 2025, there have been no exercises of the Preferred Investor Warrants.
Warrant Exercise Agreement
On January 10, 2024, the Company entered into a Warrant Exercise Agreement with the Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd (the “Purchaser”) to exercise in full the Initial Series B Warrant to purchase up to an aggregate 4,705,883 shares of Class A Common Stock. In consideration for the immediate and full exercise of the Initial Series B Warrant, the existing investor received (i) a new unregistered Series A Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 4,705,883 shares of Class A Common Stock with an exercise price of $2.75 per share and a term of 5.5 years (the “New Series A Warrant”) and (ii) a new unregistered Series B Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 4,705,883 shares of Class A Common Stock with an exercise price of $2.75 per share and a term of 18 months (the “New Series B Warrant”), collectively, (the “New Warrants”), in a private placement pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933. In connection with the Warrant Exercise Agreement, the Company also agreed to reduce the exercise price of the Initial Series B Warrant from $4.75 to $2.50 per share and reduced the exercise price of the Initial Series A Warrant to purchase up to 4,705,883 shares of Class A Common Stock from $4.75 to $2.75 per share.
As a result of the modifications to the 4,705,883 Initial Series A Warrant and the 4,705,883 Initial Series B Warrant, collectively (the “Initial Warrants”), the Company recognized an unfavorable change in fair value of warrant liabilities of $1.2 million in the consolidated statement of operations. Upon the immediate exercise of the 4,705,883 Initial Series B Warrants, the Company issued 4,705,883 shares of Class A Common Stock, received cash proceeds of approximately $11.8 million and recognized a gain on issuance of securities of approximately $1.3 million in the consolidated statements of operations.
The New Series A Warrant and New Series B Warrant were immediately exercisable and have a term of 5.5 years and 18 months, respectively. The Company evaluated the terms of the New Warrants and determined they meet the criteria in ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”, to be classified as a derivative liability, initially measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in other income (expense) on the consolidated statement of operations. The New Series A Warrant and New Series B Warrant had an initial fair value of $10.8 million and $5.7 million, respectively, which was recorded as a $16.6 million loss on issuance of securities in our consolidated statement of operations.
Subsequently, the Purchaser exercised 4,705,883 Initial Series A Warrants, 4,705,883 New Series A Warrants and 4,705,883 New Series B Warrants during the period from February 9, 2024 to February 23, 2024. As a result, the Company
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issued 14,117,649 shares of Class A Common Stock and received cash proceeds of approximately $38.8 million and all of the Initial Warrants and New Warrants have been settled and are no longer outstanding. The Company recorded a loss on issuance of securities of approximately $47.9 million as a result of these warrant exercises.
Conversion Warrants
In connection with the January 2024 Bridge Loan Conversion discussed further in Note 8, the Company agreed to issue to the Guarantor, pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, (i) a new unregistered Series A Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 4,150,780 shares of, at the guarantor’s election, Class A Common Stock (at an exercise price per share equal to $2.57 per share), Class C Common Stock (at an exercise price per share equal to $0.0001 per share), or a combination thereof, and a term of 5 years, (the “Conversion Series A Warrant”) and (ii) a new unregistered Series B Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 4,150,780 shares of, at the Guarantor’s election, Class A Common Stock (at an exercise price per share equal to $2.57 per share), Class C Common Stock (at an exercise price per share equal to $0.0001 per share), or a combination thereof, and a term of 18 months (the “Conversion Series B Warrant”), collectively (the “Conversion Warrants”). On May 31, 2024, the guarantor assigned the Conversion Warrants to a third party investor in a private transaction. Pursuant to the assignment to a third party investor, the Conversion Warrants are no longer exercisable for Class C Common Stock. All other terms related to the Conversion Warrants remain the same as previously discussed. Pursuant to the guidance under ASC 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,” the Company determined that the Conversion Warrants should be recorded as liabilities as of the issuance date and March 31, 2024 and subsequently determined that they meet the criteria in ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”, to be classified as a derivative liability as of May 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, initially measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings in other income (expense) on the consolidated statement of operations.
The Conversion Series A Warrant and Conversion Series B Warrant had an initial fair value of $10.0 million and $5.5 million, respectively. The gross proceeds of $10.0 million from the Letter Agreement were allocated to the Conversion Warrants resulting in a loss on the transaction of approximately $5.5 million recognized as loss on issuance of securities in our consolidated statement of operations.
During the period from June 5, 2024 to June 7, 2024, the investor exercised 300,000 Conversion Series B Warrants, resulting in the issuance of an equal number of shares of Class A Common Stock. The Company recorded a gain on issuance of securities of approximately $0.6 million as a result of these warrant exercises. During the period from November 21, 2024 to November 29, 2024, the investor exercised the remaining 3,850,780 Conversion Series B Warrants, resulting in the issuance of an equal number of Class A Common Stock, and recorded a loss on issuance of securities of approximately $25.0 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized a gain of $8.4 million from the change in fair value of the Conversion Series A Warrant liability in our consolidated statement of operations. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized a loss of $58.8 million and $17.7 million from the change in fair value of the Conversion Series A Warrant liability and Conversion Series B Warrant liability, respectively.
The following table provides the overall warrant activity through December 31, 2025:
| Public and Private Warrants | Preferred Investor Warrants | Series A Warrants | Series B Warrants | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant issuance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant exercises | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustment, effects of the Private Placement (Note 10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant issuance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant exercises | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant issuance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant exercises | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant redemptions | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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NOTE 12 - SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION AND RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Share-Based Compensation
2021 Unit Option Plan
On May 25, 2021, the Intuitive Machines, LLC’s board of directors adopted, and its members approved the 2021 Unit Option Plan (the “2021 Plan”). The 2021 Plan allowed Intuitive Machines, LLC to grant incentive unit options (“Incentive Unit Options”) to purchase Class B unit interests. Pursuant to the 2021 Plan, up to 6,125,000 shares of Class B units were reserved for issuance, upon exercise of the aforementioned Incentive Unit Options made to employees, directors and consultants.
As a result of the Business Combination discussed in Note 1 and per the terms of the Second Amended and Restated Intuitive Machines, LLC Operating Agreement, the unexpired and unexercised outstanding Incentive Unit Options at the closing of the Business Combination, whether vested or unvested, were proportionately adjusted using a conversion ratio of 0.5562 (rounded down to the nearest whole number of options). The exercise price of each option was adjusted accordingly. Each Incentive Unit Option continues to be subject to the terms and conditions of the 2021 Plan and will be exercisable for Class B common units of Intuitive Machines, LLC (the “Class B Common Units”). When an option is exercised, the participant will receive Class A Common Stock. As a result of the conversions, there was no incremental compensation cost and the terms of the outstanding options, including fair value, vesting conditions and classification, were unchanged.
As of December 31, 2025, Intuitive Machines, LLC was authorized to issue a total of 748,357 Class B Common Units upon exercise of the Incentive Unit Options under the 2021 Plan. The following table provides a summary of the option activity under the 2021 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2025:
| Number of Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited / Cancelled | ( | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Exercisable as of December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the exercise price of the options and the market price of our Class A Common Stock.
The following table provides a summary of weighted-average grant-date fair value of unit options under the 2021 Plan:
| Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||
| Non-vested as of December 31, 2024 | $ | ||||
| Granted | |||||
| Vested | |||||
| Forfeited | |||||
Non-vested as of December 31, 2025 | $ | ||||
Share-based compensation expense related to options was $186 thousand and $362 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and was classified in the consolidated statement of operations under general and administrative expense. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had $133 thousand in estimated unrecognized share-based compensation costs related to outstanding unit options that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.56 years.
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Following the consummation of the Business Combination, no new awards will be granted under the 2021 Plan.
Intuitive Machines, Inc. 2023 Long Term Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”)
The 2023 Plan, which became effective in conjunction with closing of the Business Combination, provides for the award to certain directors, officers, employees, consultants and advisors of the Company of incentive and nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stock-based awards as well as cash-based awards and dividend equivalents, as determined, and subject to the terms and conditions established, by the Company’s Compensation Committee. Under the 2023 Plan, a maximum of 12,706,811 shares of Class A Common Stock are authorized to be issued. As of December 31, 2025, the Company has issued restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance stock units (“PSUs”) as outlined in the following disclosures. No other awards have been granted under the 2023 Plan. As of December 31, 2025, approximately 7,654,172 shares were available for future grants under the 2023 Plan.
Restricted Stock Units and Performance Stock Units
Pursuant to the 2023 Plan, the Company grants RSUs with time-based vesting requirements which typically vest over one to four years and PSUs with target performance-based vesting requirements based on continuous service. The fair value of RSUs and PSUs are based on the Company’s closing stock price on the date of grant.
The following table provides a summary of the Company’s RSU and PSU activity:
Number of Units(1)(2) | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | ||||||||||
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2024 | $ | ||||||||||
| Granted | |||||||||||
| Vested | ( | ||||||||||
| Forfeited | ( | ||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2025 | $ | ||||||||||
(1) Includes PSUs of 53,333 granted in October 2024 at the 100% attainment level which are based on two performance goals related to the Company’s financial management plan. Each goal has a performance multiplier of 50 % and must be attained by September 1, 2025. In April 2025, the performance goals were attained and all 53,333 PSU grants fully vested.
The weighted average grant-date fair value per share of RSUs and PSUs granted to employees was $16.95 and $3.70 for fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. Share-based compensation expense related to RSUs was $8.1 million and $5.1 million, for years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Share-based compensation expense related to PSUs was $0.3 million and $3.3 million, for years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Share-based compensation expense for RSUs and PSUs are classified in the consolidated statement of operations under general and administrative expense. As of December 31, 2025, the estimated unrecognized share-based compensation costs related to unvested RSUs was $15.1 million that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.54 years. In April 2025, the remaining PSUs were fully vested and hence the Company has no estimated unrecognized share-based compensation costs related to unvested PSUs.
Defined Contribution Retirement Plan
We have an elective defined contribution plan for our employees that provides retirement benefits in return for services rendered. This plan provides an individual account for each participant and has terms that specify how contributions to the participant’s account are to be determined. Contributions to this plan are based on pretax income discretionary amounts determined on an annual basis. Our expense for the defined contribution plan totaled approximately $2.5 million and $2.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
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NOTE 13 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The following tables summarize the fair value of assets and liabilities that are recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands).
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Frequency of Measurement | Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant liabilities - Series A | Recurring | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant liabilities - Series B | Recurring | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contingent consideration liabilities | Recurring | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities measured at fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Frequency of Measurement | Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earn-out liabilities | Recurring | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant liabilities - Series A | Recurring | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant liabilities - Series B | Recurring | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities measured at fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table provides a roll-forward of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities (in thousands):
| Earn-out liabilities | Warrant liabilities Series A | Warrant liabilities Series B | Total Warrant liabilities | Contingent consideration liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additions | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Converted to equity | ( | ( | ( | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Converted to equity | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earn-out Liabilities
As a result of the Business Combination, certain Intuitive Machines, LLC members received 10,000,000 earn out units of Intuitive Machines, LLC (“Earn Out Units”) subject to certain triggering events. Upon the vesting of any Earn Out Units, each of the certain Intuitive Machines, LLC members will be issued (i) by Intuitive Machines, LLC an equal number of Intuitive Machines, LLC Common Units and (ii) by Intuitive Machines, an equal number of shares of Class C Common Stock, in exchange for surrender of the applicable Earn Out Units and the payment to Intuitive Machines, Inc. of a per-share price equal to the par value per share of the Class C Common Stock. Under the earn out agreement, Earn Out Units of 2,500,000 vested for the year ended December 31, 2023, and the remaining 7,500,000 Earn Out Units vested during the year ended December 31, 2025.
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Warrant Liabilities
Conversion Warrants
Pursuant to the Letter Agreement and the issuance of warrants on January 29, 2024 as described further in Notes 8 and 11, the fair values of the Conversion Series A Warrant and the Conversion Series B Warrant liabilities were estimated at $10.0 million and $5.1 million, respectively, utilizing the Black-Scholes-Merton model. The significant assumptions utilized in estimating the fair value of the Conversion Series A Warrant liabilities include: (i) a per share price of the Class A Common Stock of $3.05 ; (ii) a dividend yield of 0.0 %; (iii) a risk-free rate of 3.97 %; and (iv) expected volatility of 102 %. The significant assumptions utilized in estimating the fair value of the Conversion Series B Warrant liabilities include: (i) a per share price of the Class A Common Stock of $3.05 ; (ii) a dividend yield of 0.0 %; (iii) a risk-free rate of 4.53 %; and (iv) expected volatility of 76 %.
The fair value of the Conversion Series A Warrant liabilities as of December 31, 2025 was estimated using a Black-Scholes-Merton model. The significant assumptions utilized in estimating the fair value of the Conversion Series A Warrant liabilities include: (i) a per share price of the Class A Common Stock of $16.23 ; (ii) a dividend yield of 0.0 %; (iii) a risk-free rate of 3.56 %; and (iv) expected volatility of 104 %.
During June 2024 and November 2024, the investor fully exercised and converted to equity the Conversion Series B Warrants. As of December 31, 2025, the Conversion Series A Warrants remain outstanding. Refer to Note 11 for more information on the Conversion Warrants.
Initial Warrants
Pursuant to the Warrant Exercise Agreement on January 10, 2024 (as further described in Note 11 and discussed below), the terms of the Initial Warrants were modified, and the Initial Series B Warrant was exercised in full and converted to equity. The pre-modification fair value of the Initial Warrant liabilities was estimated using a Black-Scholes-Merton model. The significant assumptions utilized in estimating the pre-modification fair value of the Series A Warrant liabilities include: (i) a per share price of the Class A Common Stock of $2.83 ; (ii) a dividend yield of 0.0 %; (iii) a risk-free rate of 3.99 %; and (iv) expected volatility of 104 %. The significant assumptions utilized in estimating the pre-modification fair value of the Series B Warrant liabilities include: (i) a per share price of the Class A Common Stock of $2.83 ; (ii) a dividend yield of 0.0 %; (iii) a risk-free rate of 4.75 %; and (iv) expected volatility of 85 %.
During February 2024, the investor also fully exercised and converted to equity the Initial Series A Warrant. Refer to Note 11 for more information on the warrant exercises.
New Warrants
Pursuant to the Warrant Exercise Agreement on January 10, 2024 as described further in Note 11, the fair values of the New Series A Warrant and the New Series B Warrant liabilities were estimated at $10.8 million and $5.7 million, respectively, utilizing the Black-Scholes-Merton model. The significant assumptions utilized in estimating the fair value of the New Series A Warrant liabilities include: (i) a per share price of the Class A Common Stock of $2.83 ; (ii) a dividend yield of 0.0 %; (iii) a risk-free rate of 4.00 %; and (iv) expected volatility of 105 %. The significant assumptions utilized in estimating the fair value of the New Series B Warrant liabilities include: (i) a per share price of the Class A Common Stock of $2.83 ; (ii) a dividend yield of 0.0 %; (iii) a risk-free rate of 4.55 %; and (iv) expected volatility of 83 %.
During February 2024, the investor fully exercised and converted to equity the New Warrants. Refer to Note 11 for more information on the warrant exercises.
Contingent Consideration Liability
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Basic net income (loss) per share of Class A common stock is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Class A common shareholders for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding for the same periods.
Diluted net income per share of Class A common stock includes additional weighted average common shares that would have been outstanding if potential common shares with a dilutive effect had been issued using the if-converted method for the Series A Preferred Stock and Convertible Notes, and the treasury method for our RSUs, PSUs, options, and warrants. During loss periods, diluted net loss per share for all periods presented is the same as basic net loss per share as the inclusion of the potentially issuable shares would be anti-dilutive. The Capped Call transactions entered into in connection with the Convertible Notes (as discussed in Note 8) are excluded from diluted net income (loss) per share calculations as they are designed to reduce potential dilution and are currently anti-dilutive.
The following table presents the computation of the basic and diluted income (loss) per share of Class A Common Stock (in thousands, except share data):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Numerator | |||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Less: Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | |||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to the Company | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Less: Cumulative preferred dividends | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Class A common shareholders | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
| Denominator | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding | |||||||||||||||||
| Net loss per share of Class A common stock - basic and diluted | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
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The following table presents potentially dilutive securities, as of the end of the periods, excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share of Class A Common Stock as their effect would be anti-dilutive, their exercise price was out-of-the-money, or because of unsatisfied contingent issuance conditions.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
RSUs and PSUs(1) | |||||||||||||||||
Options(1)(4) | |||||||||||||||||
Series A Preferred Stock(2) | |||||||||||||||||
Warrants (publicly issued), Initial Warrants, Conversion Warrants, and Series A Preferred Warrants (1)(4) | |||||||||||||||||
Earn Out Units(3) | |||||||||||||||||
Escrow Shares(5) | |||||||||||||||||
Convertible Notes(2) | |||||||||||||||||
(1) Represents the number of instruments outstanding at the end of the period that were evaluated under the treasury stock method for potentially dilutive effects and were determined to be anti-dilutive. The number of RSUs outstanding at the year ended December 31, 2025 consists of 2,752,419 unvested RSUs and 189,312 vested RSUs with elected deferrals of the issuance of Class A common stock.
(2) Represents the number of instruments outstanding as converted at the end of the period that were evaluated under the if-converted method for potentially dilutive effects and were determined to be anti-dilutive. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Convertible Notes (if-converted) included in the table above that were out-of-the-money totaled 26,310,770 .
(3) Represents the number of Earn Out Units outstanding at the end of the period that were excluded due to unsatisfied contingent issuance conditions.
(4) Options and warrants with exercises prices greater than the average market price of our Class A common stock would be excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share because they are out-of-the-money. There was no none for the year ended December 31, 2025, and 22,636,485 for the year ended December 31, 2024.
(5) Represents the number of escrow shares outstanding at the end of the period due to unsatisfied contingent issuance conditions and were determined to be anti-dilutive.
During the first quarter of 2026, we issued 24,509,191 shares of Class A Common Stock related to the acquisition of Lanteris and 11,574,069 shares of Class A Common Stock in a private sale pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement. See Notes 2 and 19 for additional information on these transactions.
NOTE 15 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Legal Proceedings
We are subject to legal proceedings, claims and liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of business. We accrue for losses associated with legal claims when such losses are considered probable and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. The Company bases any accrual for losses on a variety of factors, including informal settlement discussions. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the aggregate amount accrued on our consolidated balance sheets was approximately $2.1
On November 22, 2024, Starlight Strategies IV LLC (“Plaintiff”), an alleged successor in interest to a purported former holder of shares of the Company’s 10 % Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) filed a breach of contract action in Delaware Chancery Court. The complaint alleges that the Plaintiff’s predecessor received fewer shares of common stock upon conversion of its shares of Series A Preferred Stock than it was allegedly entitled to receive under the terms of the applicable certificate of designation. The Plaintiff is seeking unspecified contractual damages and equitable relief. The Company has filed its answer to the complaint and asserted counterclaims against the Plaintiff and third-party claims against certain entities affiliated with the Plaintiff. Also, on
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January 24, 2025, Kingstown 1740 Fund L.P. and Kingstown Capital Partners LLC (together, “Kingstown”) moved to intervene, seeking to file a complaint in intervention against Starlight. The court granted Kingstown leave to intervene. In connection with the intervention, the Company has agreed to pay Kingstown’s legal fees. In February 2026, the Company and Plaintiff filed motions for summary judgment. The court granted parties leave to move for summary judgment. The Company has not recorded an accrual related to this matter because a loss is not considered probable or reasonably estimable at this time.
Purchase Commitments
From time-to-time, we enter into long-term commitments with vendors to purchase launch services and for the development of certain components in conjunction with our obligations under revenue contracts with our customers. Our aggregate purchases under these commitments totaled approximately $15.2 million and $51.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, we had remaining purchase obligations under non-cancelable commitments with various vendors totaling $58.1 million of which approximately $38.5 million due in 2026, and the remaining $19.6 million due in 2027.
NOTE 16 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Intuitive Machines, IX LLC and Space Network Solutions, LLC have entered into recurring transaction agreements with certain related parties, including sales agreements and loan agreements.
KBR, Inc.
KBR, Inc. (“KBR”), a U.S.-based firm operating in the science, technology and engineering industries holds approximately 10 % of the equity of Space Network Solutions, LLC (“SNS”), one of our operating subsidiaries. The Company recognized affiliate revenue from KBR related to engineering services of $1.8 million and $2.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of affiliate accounts receivable related to KBR revenue.
In addition, SNS incurred cost of revenue with KBR related to the OMES III contract of $21.7 million and $34.9 million for years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there was $1.6 million and $2.5 million, respectively, of affiliate accounts payable related to cost of revenue with KBR. See Note 17 - Variable Interest Entities for more information on the OMES III contract with KBR.
Revenue and expenses related to KBR are incurred in the normal course of business and amounts are settled under normal business terms.
ASES
The Company recognized revenue from ASES related to engineering services of $1.0 million and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there was $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively of affiliate accounts receivable related to ASES revenue. ASES is a joint venture between Aerodyne Industries, LLC and KBR. Kamal Ghaffarian, the Chairman of the Board and one of the co-founders of Intuitive Machines, is a current member of management at Aerodyne Industries, LLC. Revenue related to ASES are incurred in the normal course of business and amounts are settled under normal business terms.
In addition, SNS incurred cost of revenue with Aerodyne related to the OMES III contract of $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and none for the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2025, there was approximately $0.1 million of affiliate accounts payable related to cost of revenue with Aerodyne. See Note 15 - Variable Interest Entities for more information on the OMES III contract.
Revenue and expenses related to ASES are incurred in the normal course of business and amounts are settled under normal business terms.
X-energy, LLC
The Company incurred expenses with X-energy, LLC (“X-energy”) of $0.6 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there was no
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IBX, LLC and PTX, LLC
From time to time, the Company may incur expenses with IBX, LLC and PTX, LLC (“IBX/PTX”) for the provision of management and professional services in the day-to-day operation of our business. These expenses include, among others, fees for the provision of administrative, accounting and legal services. As such, expenses incurred in relation to IBX/PTX are incurred in the normal course of business and amounts are settled under normal business terms. IBX/PTX is an innovation and investment firm committed to advancing the state of humanity and human knowledge. Kamal Ghaffarian, the Chairman of the Board and one of the co-founders of Intuitive Machines, is a co-founder and current member of management of IBX/PTX. The Company incurred expenses with IBX, LLC and PTX, LLC (“IBX/PTX”) of $26 thousand and $54 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There was $26 thousand affiliate accounts payable related to IBX/PTX expenses as of December 31, 2025 and none as of December 31, 2024.
Axiom Space, Inc.
The Company recognized revenue from Axiom Space, Inc. (“Axiom”) related to space infrastructure development activities of $300 thousand and $50 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there was no
NOTE 17 - VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
The Company determines whether joint ventures in which it has invested meet the criteria of a variable interest entity or “VIE” at the start of each new venture and when a reconsideration event has occurred. A VIE is a legal entity that satisfies any of the following characteristics: (a) the legal entity does not have sufficient equity investment at risk; (b) the equity investors at risk as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest; or (c) the legal entity is structured with disproportionate voting rights.
The Company consolidates a VIE if it is determined to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The primary beneficiary has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
Space Network Solutions, LLC
The Company participates in the Space Network Solutions joint venture with KBR, a leading provider of specialized engineering, and professional, scientific and technical services primarily to the U.S. federal government. Under the terms of the Amended Space Network Solutions limited liability company agreement, we hold a 90 % interest in the Space Network Solutions and KBR holds a 10 % interest. Space Network Solutions is a VIE and Intuitive Machines is the primary beneficiary.
Space Network Solutions was formed to provide cyber security as well as communication & tracking services using its expertise in developing secure ground system architecture for lunar space missions. In the second quarter of 2023, NASA awarded Space Network Solutions a cost-plus-fixed-fee indefinite-delivery, indefinite quantity contract to support work related to the Joint Polar Satellite System, NASA’s Exploration and In-space Services. Intuitive Machines and KBR entered into a separate joint venture agreement (the “OMES III JV Agreement”) within Space Network Solutions to execute the OMES III contract with a profits interest of 47 % for Intuitive Machines and 53 % for KBR. We have determined that the OMES III JV Agreement represents a silo within Space Network Solutions and is a standalone VIE. Intuitive Machines is the primary beneficiary of this silo based on the governance structure of the OMES III JV Agreement.
IX, LLC Joint Venture
The Company participates in the IX, LLC joint venture (“IX LLC JV”) with X-energy, a nuclear reactor and fuel design engineering company, developing high-temperature gas cooled nuclear reactors and fuel to power them. We hold a 51 % interest in the X LLC JV and X-energy holds a 49 % interest. Kamal Ghaffarian is also the co-founder and current member of management of X-energy. Intuitive Machines and X-energy are common controlled entities. We have determined that IX, LLC JV is a variable interest entity and Intuitive Machines is the primary beneficiary because it is most closely associated with the activities of the joint venture. Therefore, we consolidate this VIE for financial reporting purposes.
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The IX LLC JV was formed to pursue nuclear space propulsion and surface power systems in support of future space exploration goals. In the third quarter of 2022, the IX LLC JV received an award from Battelle Energy Alliance to design a fission surface power system that can operate on the surface of the Moon to support sustained lunar presence and exploration of Mars.
Provided below is the summarized financial information for our consolidated VIEs (in thousands).
| Balance Sheet | SNS | IX, LLC | |||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Trade accounts receivable, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid and other current assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable - affiliated companies | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Statements of Operations | SNS | IX, LLC | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Service revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation and amortization) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
NOTE 18 - SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company operates in one operating segment and one reportable segment underpinned by our operating model organized around three integrated capabilities, Build-Connect-Operate that have similar customers. The Company’s chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) is our chief executive officer. Our CODM reviews and evaluates consolidated Net income (loss), a U.S. GAAP measure, and Adjusted Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”), a non-GAAP measure, for purposes of evaluating financial performance, making operating decisions, allocating resources, and planning and forecasting for future periods. Although we utilize a non-GAAP measure of Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our ability to generate cash and as an alternative measure of profitability, our primary profitability measure is the GAAP measure of Net income (loss).
All of the Company’s long-lived assets are maintained in the U.S. We geographically disaggregate our revenues based on the customer’s country of domicile. Most of our revenues are derived from customers in the U.S., and our revenues from foreign customers was 5 % of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2025, and was not material for the year ended
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December 31, 2024. Refer to Note 2 for information regarding our major customer and Note 4 for further information on revenues.
The following presents the significant financial information with respect to the Company’s one reportable segment (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Less: | |||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization)(1) | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of property and equipment | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation and amortization): | |||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing expense(2) | |||||||||||||||||
Other general and administrative expense(3) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total general and administrative expense (excluding depreciation and amortization) | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating loss | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of earn-out liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss on issuance of securities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||
(1) Cost of revenue consists primarily of direct material and labor costs, launch costs, manufacturing overhead, freight expense, and other personnel-related expenses, which include employee compensation and benefits and stock-based compensation expense.
(2) Sales and marketing expense primarily includes business development and research and development related expenses such as, employee compensation and benefits, subcontract costs, marketing, and materials and supplies costs. Costs incurred for business development were $3.4 million and $1.7 million and research and development costs were $12.4 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
(3) Other general and administrative expense primarily includes all other employee compensation and benefits, stock-based compensation, facilities costs, professional services, software licenses, and other administrative costs.
NOTE 19 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Purchase Agreement - Lanteris Space Holdings LLC
On January 13, 2026, the Company completed the acquisition of 100 % of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Lanteris, pursuant to a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement with Vantor Holdings Inc. The aggregate consideration transferred at closing was approximately $705.8 million consisting of $403.3 million in cash and 22,991,028 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock valued at $283.7 million. In addition, the Company issued approximately 1,518,163 shares of Class A Common Stock valued at $18.7 million for retention and transaction bonuses. Lanteris is a spacecraft manufacturer serving national security, commercial and civil customers. The acquisition expands the Company’s spacecraft manufacturing and space systems capabilities.
The acquisition will be accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. As of the date of this filing, the initial accounting for the acquisition is incomplete because the Company has not yet completed
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the valuation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company is continuing to gather the information necessary to complete the purchase accounting and to provide additional required disclosures, including unaudited pro forma financial information, in future filings. The operating results of Lanteris will be included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements beginning in the first quarter of 2026.
Stifel Bank - Waiver of Loan Security Agreement
On January 12, 2026, the Company and Stifel Bank entered into a waiver, in respect to the Loan Agreement pursuant to which Stifel Bank consented to the acquisition of Lanteris while halting any borrowing and covenant obligations by the Company under the Revolving Facility. See Note 8 - Debt for more information on the Loan Agreement and Revolving Facility.
Securities Purchase Agreement
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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreement with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based upon such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2025 at the reasonable assurance level.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting using the criteria set forth by Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).
Based on that assessment, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2025.
This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of internal controls from our independent registered public accounting firm due to our status as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act.
Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls
Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well-designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Because of these inherent limitations, our disclosure and internal controls may not prevent or detect all instances of fraud, misstatements or other control issues. In addition, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of disclosure or internal controls to future periods are subject to risks, including, among others, that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the quarter ended December 31, 2025, management identified and remediated material weaknesses of internal controls over financial reporting related to (i) evidence of management review controls for certain time and materials and firm fixed price revenue contracts, primarily related to the review of customer invoices and project cost estimates; and (ii) controls over our procure-to-pay process primarily related to improper access and segregation of duties within our financial applications, undue reliance placed on a third party system used for purchase order requisitions and approvals, and lack of independent review and approval controls for changes to vendor master files and vendor invoice postings. No misstatement arose as a result of these deficiencies. Except for the foregoing, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a or 15d of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter December 31, 2025, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Item 9B. Other Information
Securities Trading Plans
During the three months ended December 31, 2025, certain of our officers or directors listed below adopted or terminated trading arrangements for the purchase or sale of shares of our Class A Common Stock in amounts and prices determined in accordance with a formula set forth in each such plan:
| Duration of Plan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name | Title | Action | Date of Action | Start Date | End Date | Shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3/24/2026 | or until all securities under the plan have been sold | The potential sale of up to | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1) | (1) | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) On November 12, 2025, Michael Blitzer, a member of our Board, terminated a Rule 10b5-1 plan which was adopted on December 16, 2024. The terminated trading plan provided for the potential sale of up to 500,000 shares of our common stock, and was scheduled to be effective from December 16, 2024 until March 24, 2026.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
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PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our CEO, CFO and CAO as well as other officers, directors and employees of the Company. The code of business conduct and ethics, is available on-line at investors.intuitivemachines.com in the tab “Corporate Governance— Governance Documents.” We intend to post any amendments to the code of business conduct and ethics that apply to our officers and directors, and any required disclosure of waivers from the code of business conduct and ethics, to the “Corporate Governance— Governance Documents” tab at investors.intuitivemachines.com.
We have adopted an Insider Trading Policy governing the purchase, sale and other disposition of Company securities by directors, officers, employees, contractors and consultants providing services to the Company, that we believe is reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations and Nasdaq listing standards. The foregoing summary of the Insider Trading Policy does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Insider Trading Policy filed as Exhibit 19.1 to this Annual Report.
All other information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
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PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this report or incorporated by reference:
1. The index for the consolidated financial statements of Intuitive Machines is listed on page 52 of this Annual Report. The report of Intuitive Machines, Inc.’s independent registered accounting firm (PCAOB ID: 248 ) with respect to the above referenced financial statements are included in Item 8 and Item 9A of this Form 10-K. Their consent appears as Exhibit 23.1 of this Form 10-K.
2. The exhibits of Intuitive Machines are listed below under Item 15(b); all exhibits are incorporated herein by reference to a prior filing as indicated, unless noted as filed or furnished with this Annual Report.
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||
Exhibit Number | Description of Exhibit | Form | File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | |||||||||||||||
| 2.1 | Business Combination Agreement, dated as of September 16, 2022, by and between Inflection Point Acquisition Corp. and Intuitive Machines, LLC | S-4/A | 333-267846 | 4.5 | January 20, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| 2.2 | Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated November 3, 2025, by and among Intuitive Machines, Inc., Intuitive Machines, LLC, Vantor Holdings Inc., Galileo Topco, Inc., and Lanteris Space Holdings LLC | 8-K | 001-40823 | 2.1 | November 4, 2025 | |||||||||||||||
| 3.1 | Certificate of Incorporation of Intuitive Machines, Inc. | 8-K | 001-40823 | 3.1 | February 14, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| 3.2 | By-Laws of Intuitive Machines, Inc. | 8-K | 001-40823 | 3.2 | February 14, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| 3.3 | Certificate of Designation relating to the 10.0% Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock | 8-K | 001-40823 | 3.3 | February 14, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| 4.1 | Warrant Agreement | 8-K | 001-40823 | 4.1 | September 24, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| 4.2 | Specimen Class A Common Stock Certificate of Intuitive Machines, Inc. | S-4/A | 333-267846 | 4.5 | January 20, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| 4.3 | Specimen Warrant Certificate of Intuitive Machines, Inc. | S-4/A | 333-267846 | 4.6 | January 20, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| 4.4 | Form of Series A Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated as of September 5, 2023 | 8-K | 001-40823 | 4.1 | September 6, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| 4.5 | Form of Series B Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated as of September 5, 2023 | 8-K | 001-40823 | 4.2 | September 6, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| 4.6 | Form of Series A Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated as of January 10, 2024 | 8-K | 001-40823 | 4.1 | January 11, 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| 4.7 | Form of Series B Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated as of January 10, 2024 | 8-K | 001-40823 | 4.2 | January 11, 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| 4.8 | Form of Series A Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated as of January 29, 2024 | 8-K | 001-40823 | 4.3 | January 30, 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| 4.9 | Form of Series B Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated as of January 29, 2024 | 8-K | 001-40823 | 4.4 | January 30, 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| 4.10 | Indenture, dated as of August 18, 2025, by and between Intuitive Machines, Inc. and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee | 8-K | 001-40823 | 4.1 | August 18, 2025 | |||||||||||||||
| 4.11 | Description of Capital Stock | 10-K | 001-40823 | 4.10 | March 25, 2025 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.1+ | Intuitive Machines, Inc. 2023 Long Term Omnibus Incentive Plan | S-8 | 001-40823 | 99.1 | May 9, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.2 | Tax Receivable Agreement, dated February 13, 2023, by and among Intuitive Machines, Inc., Intuitive Machines, LLC, the TRA Parties and other persons from time to time party thereto | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.1 | February 14, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.3 | Second A&R Operating Agreement of Intuitive Machines, LLC, dated February 13, 2023 | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.2 | February 14, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.4+ | Intuitive Machines, Inc. 2023 Long Term Omnibus Incentive Plan | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.7 | February 14, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.5+ | Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.2 | June 23, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
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| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||
Exhibit Number | Description of Exhibit | Form | File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | |||||||||||||||
| 10.6+ | Form Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (under Intuitive Machines, Inc. 2023 Long Term Omnibus Incentive Plan) | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.8 | February 14, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.7+ | Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Compensation Program | 10-Q | 001-40823 | 10.1 | May 14, 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.8+ | Severance and Change of Control Agreement for Executives | 10-K | 001-40823 | 10.85 | March 25, 2025 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.9+ | Severance and Change of Control Agreement for Other Executives | 10-K | 001-40823 | 10.86 | March 25, 2025 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.10+* | Change in Control and Severance Agreement for Chris Johnson | |||||||||||||||||||
| 10.11 | Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 30, 2023, by and among Intuitive Machines, Inc. and the Purchaser named therein | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.1 | September 6, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.12 | Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of August 30, 2023, by and among Intuitive Machines, Inc. and the Purchaser named therein | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.2 | September 6, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.13 | Subscription Agreement, dated as of September 6, 2023, by and among Intuitive Machines, Inc. and Ghaffarian Enterprises, LLC | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.3 | September 6, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.14 | Subscription Agreement, dated as of September 6, 2023, by and among Intuitive Machines, Inc. and Ghaffarian Enterprises, LLC | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.4 | September 6, 2023 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.15+ | Non-Employee Director Deferral Plan | 10-K | 001-40823 | 10.13 | March 25, 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.16 | Form of Warrant Exercise Agreement, dated January 10, 2024, by and between Intuitive Machines, Inc. and the Investor | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.1 | January 11, 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.17 | Credit Agreement, dated as of January 10, 2024, by and between Intuitive Machines, LLC and Pershing LLC | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.1 | January 16, 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.18 | Letter Agreement, dated as of January 28, 2024, by and among Intuitive Machines, Inc., Intuitive Machines, LLC and Ghaffarian Enterprises, LLC | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.1 | January 30, 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.19 | Loan and Security Agreement, dated March 4, 2025 | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.1 | March 10, 2025 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.20 | Waiver, Consent, Amendment and Assignment Agreement, dated January 13, 2026, by and among Lanteris Space LLC, as seller and servicer, Vantor Parent Inc., as assignor and existing guarantor, Intuitive Machines, LLC, as assignee and new guarantor, and ING Belgium NV/SA. | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.2 | January 13, 2026 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.21 | Consent to Loan and Security Agreement, dated January 12, 2026, by and among Intuitive Machines, Inc., Intuitive Machines, LLC and Stifel Bank in respect of the Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of March 4, 2025. | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.3 | January 13, 2026 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.22 | Registration Rights Agreement, dated January 13, 2026, by and among Intuitive Machines, Inc. and the other parties thereto. | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.1 | January 13, 2026 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.23 | Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2026, by and among Intuitive Machines, Inc. and the Purchasers named therein | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.1 | February 27, 2026 | |||||||||||||||
| 10.24* | Amended and Restated Limited Recourse Receivables Purchase Agreement dated December 1, 2023 among Maxar Space LLC, and Maxar Technologies Inc., and ING Belgium NV/SA. | |||||||||||||||||||
| 19.1 | Insider Trading Policy | 10-K | 001-40823 | 19.1 | March 25, 2025 | |||||||||||||||
| 21.1* | List of Subsidiaries | |||||||||||||||||||
| 23.1* | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |||||||||||||||||||
| 31.1* | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 31.2* | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 | |||||||||||||||||||
105
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||
Exhibit Number | Description of Exhibit | Form | File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | |||||||||||||||
| 32.1** | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 32.2** | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 97.1 | Policy for Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation | 8-K | 001-40823 | 10.17 | March 5, 2025 | |||||||||||||||
| 101.INS* | Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document). | |||||||||||||||||||
| 101.SCH* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | |||||||||||||||||||
| 101.CAL* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | |||||||||||||||||||
| 101.DEF* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. | |||||||||||||||||||
| 101.LAB* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. | |||||||||||||||||||
| 101.PRE* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. | |||||||||||||||||||
| 104* | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.INS | |||||||||||||||||||
| * | Filed herewith. | ||||
| ** | Furnished. | ||||
| + | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan. | ||||
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
Intuitive Machines, Inc. | |||||||||||
| Date: | March 19, 2026 | By: | /s/ Peter McGrath | ||||||||
| Peter McGrath | |||||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President | |||||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||||||||
| Date: | March 19, 2026 | /s/ Steven Vontur | |||||||||
| Steven Vontur | |||||||||||
| Chief Accounting Officer and Controller | |||||||||||
| (Principal Accounting Officer) | |||||||||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Name | Title | Date | ||||||||||||
| /s/ Stephen Altemus | Chief Executive Officer, President and Director | March 19, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Stephen Altemus | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||||||||
| /s/ Peter McGrath | Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President | March 19, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Peter McGrath | (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||||||||||
| /s/ Steven Vontur | Chief Accounting Officer and Controller | March 19, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Steven Vontur | (Principal Accounting Officer) | |||||||||||||
| /s/ Dr. Kamal Ghaffarian | Chairman of the Board of Directors | March 19, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Dr. Kamal Ghaffarian | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Michael Blitzer | Director | March 19, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Michael Blitzer | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ William Liquori | Director | March 19, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| William Liquori | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Robert Masson | Director | March 19, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Robert Masson | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Nicole Seligman | Director | March 19, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Nicole Seligman | ||||||||||||||
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FAQ
What is Intuitive Machines (LUNR) core business model?
Intuitive Machines is a space infrastructure and services company that builds spacecraft and lunar landers, connects them via communications and data networks, and operates them as long‑duration infrastructure across low Earth orbit, geostationary orbit, cislunar space, and deep space for civil, national security, and commercial customers.
How does Intuitive Machines (LUNR) generate revenue from its space activities?
Revenue currently comes mainly from mission‑based and milestone‑driven contracts to design, build and deliver spacecraft, lunar landers, satellites, and related systems. Over time, the company aims to grow higher‑margin, recurring service revenue from operating connected infrastructure, including communications, navigation, data relay, hosted payloads, and mission operations.
Which major customers and markets does Intuitive Machines (LUNR) serve?
Key customers include NASA, the U.S. Department of Defense, the Space Development Agency, and commercial satellite and lunar payload clients. The company also serves international space agencies and telecom operators, providing lunar cargo delivery, GEO communications satellites, national security spacecraft, and deep‑space navigation services.
What recent acquisitions has Intuitive Machines (LUNR) completed?
On October 1, 2025, Intuitive Machines acquired KinetX, adding deep‑space navigation and additional U.S. locations. On January 13, 2026, it acquired Lanteris, a long‑standing GEO satellite manufacturer, significantly expanding its workforce, GEO platform portfolio, commercial customer base, and global satellite manufacturing and operations footprint.
What are the main risks highlighted by Intuitive Machines (LUNR)?
Key risks include reliance on a few major customers, particularly U.S. government entities; a history of operating losses and possible need for additional capital; launch delays or failures; supply‑chain concentration; cybersecurity and AI‑related issues; regulatory and export controls; acquisition integration challenges; and the still‑emerging commercial lunar and cislunar markets.
How concentrated is Intuitive Machines (LUNR) customer base?
The company reports significant customer concentration, with approximately 78% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 90% for 2024 coming from a single major customer. Any reduction, delay, or default by this customer could materially affect revenue, cash flows, and the company’s overall financial condition.
How did the Lanteris acquisition change Intuitive Machines (LUNR) workforce?
As of December 31, 2025, Intuitive Machines had 525 employees, including KinetX staff. After completing the Lanteris acquisition on January 13, 2026, the combined company had approximately 1,695 employees, markedly expanding engineering, manufacturing, and mission‑operations capacity across multiple U.S. locations and satellite product lines.
Intuitive Machines Inc
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2.69B
110.58M
Aerospace & Defense
Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical Sys
United States
HOUSTON