[424B2] Morgan Stanley Prospectus Supplement

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC is offering Contingent Income Memory Buffered Auto-Callable Securities due August 1 2030 linked to the S&P® U.S. Equity Momentum 40% VT 4% Decrement Index (ticker: SPUMP40). The $1,000-denominated notes are principal-at-risk, unsecured and unlisted obligations of MSFL, fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Morgan Stanley.

Key economic terms

• Contingent coupon: at least 8.28% p.a. (actual rate set on July 29 2025) paid quarterly only if the index closes ≥ 70 % of the initial level (coupon barrier). Missed coupons “memory” and may be paid later if the barrier is met.
• Automatic early redemption: from July 29 2026 and monthly thereafter; triggered if the index closes ≥ 85 % of the initial level (call threshold). Early redemption pays par plus the current and any unpaid coupons.
• Buffer: 15 %. If held to maturity and the final index level is < 85 % of the initial level, investors lose 1 % of principal for every 1 % decline beyond the buffer, subject to a minimum payment of 15 % of par.
• Estimated value: ≈ $905.70 on the pricing date, reflecting dealer margins and an internal funding rate that is “advantageous to the issuer.”
• Issue/strike date: July 29 2025  |  Maturity: August 1 2030  |  CUSIP: 61778NLY5  |  Not exchange-listed.

Investor profile The notes suit investors seeking enhanced income and limited downside protection who can tolerate: (1) full exposure to index losses below the 15 % buffer; (2) the possibility of receiving no coupons for the entire 5-year term; (3) credit risk of Morgan Stanley; and (4) limited secondary market liquidity.

Risk highlights

• No regular interest; contingent on index level at discrete dates.
• Principal at risk below the buffer; payment at maturity may be as low as $150 per $1,000.
• Secondary market value expected to be below issue price given the $94-premium to estimated value and bid-offer spreads.
• Underlying index launched March 14 2022; limited live history and incorporates a 4 % annual decrement and 40 % volatility target, adding complexity and drag on performance.
• Tax treatment uncertain; coupons expected to be ordinary income and may be subject to 30 % withholding for non-U.S. holders.

Structural mechanics A quarterly observation calendar begins August 29 2025 and runs through July 29 2030. If the notes are not called, investors receive the contingent coupon for the final period plus principal adjusted for index performance and buffer.

Credit & distribution MS&Co. acts as agent and calculation agent, will receive a fixed selling concession (amount TBD) and may hedge positions in the underlying futures, potentially affecting secondary prices. Client accounts over which Morgan Stanley has discretion cannot purchase the notes.

Overall, the product offers the potential for above-market coupons and a 15 % loss-buffer, balanced against meaningful tail risk, dependence on a new index, and the structural discount embedded in the issue price.

Positive

• High contingent coupon of at least 8.28% per annum, well above current investment-grade yields.
• 15% downside buffer shields initial losses if held to maturity and the index decline does not exceed 15%.
• Memory feature allows previously missed coupons to be recovered, enhancing income potential.
• Automatic call from year-one monthly dates can shorten duration and boost annualized return if the index stays at or above 85% of start.

Negative

• Principal at risk: investors absorb 1:1 losses below the 15% buffer, with a minimum redemption of only 15% of par.
• Estimated value only $905.70, implying an immediate 9.4% economic discount to buyers.
• No guaranteed coupons; income ceases entirely if the index remains below the 70% barrier on observation dates.
• Unlisted and illiquid; secondary market likely limited to issuer bid at materially below par.
• Underlying index has limited live history (since March 2022) and a built-in 4% decrement, increasing performance uncertainty.
• Uncertain tax treatment and potential 30% withholding for non-U.S. holders.
• Issuer credit risk; payments depend on Morgan Stanley’s ability to meet obligations.

Insights

Structured Products Analyst

TL;DR 8.28% memory coupon with 15% buffer is attractive, but principal is at risk and estimated value is only 90.6% of par.

The note packages yield enhancement with limited downside protection. The 85% call threshold increases call probability, limiting upside but accelerating capital return. Memory feature smooths income stream, yet investors face binary coupon outcomes. A 15% buffer offers moderate protection; anything beyond triggers linear losses down to 85% of par, with a hard floor at 15% of principal. The estimated value discount (≈$94) and lack of listing imply immediate mark-to-market erosion and low liquidity. Given Morgan Stanley’s high credit quality, credit risk is secondary but present. Overall, risk-adjusted appeal hinges on investors’ equity outlook and income needs.

Risk Analyst

TL;DR Product carries layered risks: equity downside, contingent income uncertainty, liquidity constraints, and issuer credit exposure.

Key risk drivers include the novel SPUMP40 index, whose 4% decrement and volatility targeting reduce transparency and may underperform conventional benchmarks. Coupon dependency on discrete observations introduces path risk; prolonged index weakness eliminates income while price falls. Early redemption, while capping duration, creates reinvestment risk if rates decline. Secondary market quotes will likely reflect a double discount—dealers’ bid-ask plus the ≈9% initial premium—exacerbating exit costs. Tax ambiguity (possible debt re-characterization) adds after-tax uncertainty. Investors must be comfortable absorbing a potential 85% principal loss in a stress scenario.

Preliminary Pricing Supplement No. 9,306

Registration Statement Nos. 333-275587; 333-275587-01

Dated July 14, 2025

Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2)

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

Structured Investments

Contingent Income Memory Buffered Auto-Callable Securities due August 1, 2030

Based on the Performance of the S&P® U.S. Equity Momentum 40% VT 4% Decrement Index

Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by Morgan Stanley

Principal at Risk Securities

￭The securities are unsecured obligations of Morgan Stanley Finance LLC (“MSFL”) and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Morgan Stanley. The securities have the terms described in the accompanying product supplement, index supplement and prospectus, as supplemented or modified by this document. The securities do not provide for the regular payment of interest.

￭Contingent coupon. The securities will pay a contingent coupon (as well as any previously unpaid contingent coupons) but only if the closing level of the underlier is greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level on the related observation date. However, if the closing level of the underlier is less than the coupon barrier level on any observation date, we will pay no interest with respect to the related interest period.

￭Automatic early redemption. The securities will be automatically redeemed if the closing level of the underlier is greater than or equal to the call threshold level on any redemption determination date for an early redemption payment equal to the stated principal amount plus the contingent coupon with respect to the related interest period and any previously unpaid contingent coupons. No further payments will be made on the securities once they have been automatically redeemed.

￭Payment at maturity. If the securities have not been automatically redeemed prior to maturity and the final level is greater than or equal to the buffer level, investors will receive (in addition to the contingent coupon with respect to the final observation date and any previously unpaid contingent coupons, if payable) the stated principal amount at maturity. If, however, the final level is less than the buffer level, investors will lose 1% for every 1% decline in the level of the underlier beyond the specified buffer amount. Under these circumstances, the payment at maturity will be less, and may be significantly less, than the stated principal amount of the securities, subject to the minimum payment at maturity.

￭The underlier was developed by S&P® Dow Jones Indices LLC, in coordination with Morgan Stanley, and was established on March 14, 2022. For more information about the underlier, see the information set forth in the accompanying index supplement.

￭The securities are for investors who are willing to risk their principal and accept the risk of receiving no coupons over the entire term of the securities in exchange for the buffer feature and the opportunity to earn interest at a potentially above-market rate. You will not participate in any appreciation of the underlier. Investors in the securities must be willing to accept the risk of losing a significant portion of their initial investment. The securities are notes issued as part of MSFL’s Series A Global Medium-Term Notes program.

￭All payments are subject to our credit risk. If we default on our obligations, you could lose some or all of your investment. These securities are not secured obligations and you will not have any security interest in, or otherwise have any access to, any underlying reference asset or assets.

TERMS
Issuer:	Morgan Stanley Finance LLC
Guarantor:	Morgan Stanley
Stated principal amount:	$1,000 per security  
Issue price:	$1,000 per security (see “Commissions and issue price” below ) 
Aggregate principal amount:	$
Underlier:	S&P® U.S. Equity Momentum 40% VT 4% Decrement Index (the “underlying index”)
Strike date:	July 29, 2025
Pricing date:	July 29, 2025
Original issue date:	July 31, 2025
Final observation date:	July 29, 2030, subject to postponement for non-trading days and certain market disruption events
Maturity date:	August 1, 2030
Terms continued on the following page
Agent:	Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (“MS & Co.”), an affiliate of MSFL and a wholly owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley. See “Supplemental information regarding plan of distribution; conflicts of interest.”
Estimated value on the pricing date:	Approximately $905.70 per security, or within $55.00 of that estimate. See “Estimated Value of the Securities” on page 5.
Commissions and issue price:	Price to public	Agent’s commissions and fees(1)	Proceeds to us(2)
Per security	$1,000	$	$
Total	$	$	$

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(1)Selected dealers and their financial advisors will collectively receive from the agent, MS & Co., a fixed sales commission of $ for each security they sell. See "Supplemental information regarding plan of distribution; conflicts of interest.” For additional information, see “Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)” in the accompanying product supplement.

(2)See “Use of Proceeds and Hedging” in the accompanying product supplement.

The securities involve risks not associated with an investment in ordinary debt securities. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 9.

The Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities regulators have not approved or disapproved these securities, or determined if this document or the accompanying product supplement, index supplement and prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The securities are not deposits or savings accounts and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency or instrumentality, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.

You should read this document together with the related product supplement, index supplement and prospectus, each of which can be accessed via the hyperlinks below. When you read the accompanying index supplement, please note that all references in such supplement to the prospectus dated November 16, 2023, or to any sections therein, should refer instead to the accompanying prospectus dated April 12, 2024 or to the corresponding sections of such prospectus, as applicable. Please also see “Additional Terms of the Securities” and “Additional Information About the Securities” at the end of this document.

References to “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Morgan Stanley or MSFL, or Morgan Stanley and MSFL collectively, as the context requires.

Product Supplement for Principal at Risk Securities dated February 7, 2025 Index Supplement dated November 16, 2023 Prospectus dated April 12, 2024

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Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

Contingent Income Memory Buffered Auto-Callable Securities

Principal at Risk Securities

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Terms continued from the previous page
Automatic early redemption:	The securities are not subject to automatic early redemption until the first redemption determination date. If, on any redemption determination date, the closing level of the underlier is greater than or equal to the call threshold level, the securities will be automatically redeemed for the early redemption payment on the related early redemption date. No further payments will be made on the securities once they have been automatically redeemed. The securities will not be redeemed on any early redemption date if the closing level of the underlier is less than the call threshold level on the related redemption determination date.
First redemption determination date:	July 29, 2026. Under no circumstances will the securities be redeemed prior to the first redemption determination date.
Redemption determination dates:	July 29, 2026, August 31, 2026, September 29, 2026, October 29, 2026, November 30, 2026, December 29, 2026, January 29, 2027, February 26, 2027, March 29, 2027, April 29, 2027, May 28, 2027, June 29, 2027, July 29, 2027, August 30, 2027, September 29, 2027, October 29, 2027, November 29, 2027, December 29, 2027, January 31, 2028, February 29, 2028, March 29, 2028, April 28, 2028, May 30, 2028, June 29, 2028, July 31, 2028, August 29, 2028, September 29, 2028, October 30, 2028, November 29, 2028, December 29, 2028, January 29, 2029, February 28, 2029, March 29, 2029, April 30, 2029, May 29, 2029, June 29, 2029, July 30, 2029, August 29, 2029, September 28, 2029, October 29, 2029, November 29, 2029, December 31, 2029, January 29, 2030, February 28, 2030, March 29, 2030, April 29, 2030, May 29, 2030 and June 28, 2030, subject to postponement for non-trading days and certain market disruption events
Call threshold level:	, which is 85% of the initial level
Early redemption payment:	The stated principal amount plus the contingent coupon with respect to the related interest period and any previously unpaid contingent coupons
Early redemption dates:	August 3, 2026, September 3, 2026, October 2, 2026, November 3, 2026, December 3, 2026, January 4, 2027, February 3, 2027, March 3, 2027, April 1, 2027, May 4, 2027, June 3, 2027, July 2, 2027, August 3, 2027, September 2, 2027, October 4, 2027, November 3, 2027, December 2, 2027, January 3, 2028, February 3, 2028, March 3, 2028, April 3, 2028, May 3, 2028, June 2, 2028, July 5, 2028, August 3, 2028, September 1, 2028, October 4, 2028, November 2, 2028, December 4, 2028, January 4, 2029, February 1, 2029, March 5, 2029, April 3, 2029, May 3, 2029, June 1, 2029, July 5, 2029, August 2, 2029, September 4, 2029, October 3, 2029, November 1, 2029, December 4, 2029, January 4, 2030, February 1, 2030, March 5, 2030, April 3, 2030, May 2, 2030, June 3, 2030 and July 3, 2030
Contingent coupon:	A contingent coupon at an annual rate of at least 8.28% will be paid on the securities on each coupon payment date but only if the closing level of the underlier is greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level on the related observation date. The actual contingent coupon rate will be determined on the pricing date. If the contingent coupon is not paid on any coupon payment date (because the closing level of the underlier is less than the coupon barrier level on the related observation date), such unpaid contingent coupon will be paid on a later coupon payment date but only if the closing level of the underlier is greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level on the related observation date. Any such unpaid contingent coupon will be paid on the first subsequent coupon payment date for which the closing level of the underlier is greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level on the related observation date; provided, however, in the case of any such payment of a previously unpaid contingent coupon, no additional interest shall accrue or be payable in respect of such unpaid contingent coupon from and after the end of the original interest period for such unpaid contingent coupon. You will not receive payment for any unpaid contingent coupons if the closing level of the underlier is less than the coupon barrier level on each subsequent observation date.
Coupon payment dates:	As set forth under “Observation Dates and Coupon Payment Dates” below. If any coupon payment date is not a business day, the coupon payment with respect to such date, if any, will be made on the next succeeding business day and no adjustment will be made to any coupon payment made on that succeeding business day. The coupon payment, if any, with respect to the final observation date shall be made on the maturity date.
Coupon barrier level:	, which is 70% of the initial level
Observation dates:	As set forth under “Observation Dates and Coupon Payment Dates” below, subject to postponement for non-trading days and certain market disruption events
Payment at maturity per security:	If the securities have not been automatically redeemed prior to maturity, investors will receive (in addition to the contingent coupon with respect to the final observation date and any previously unpaid contingent coupons, if payable) a payment at maturity determined as follows: •If the final level is greater than or equal to the buffer level: stated principal amount •If the final level is less than the buffer level: stated principal amount × (performance factor + buffer amount) Under these circumstances, the payment at maturity will be less, and may be significantly less, than the stated principal amount, subject to the minimum payment at maturity.
Buffer level:	, which is 85% of the initial level
Performance factor:	final level / initial level

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Contingent Income Memory Buffered Auto-Callable Securities

Principal at Risk Securities

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Buffer amount:	15%
Minimum payment at maturity:	15% of the stated principal amount
Initial level:	, which is the closing level of the underlier on the strike date
Final level:	The closing level of the underlier on the final observation date
CUSIP:	61778NLY5
ISIN:	US61778NLY57
Listing:	The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange.

Observation Dates and Coupon Payment Dates

Observation Dates	Coupon Payment Dates
August 29, 2025	September 4, 2025
September 29, 2025	October 2, 2025
October 29, 2025	November 3, 2025
November 28, 2025	December 3, 2025
December 29, 2025	January 2, 2026
January 29, 2026	February 3, 2026
February 27, 2026	March 4, 2026
March 30, 2026	April 2, 2026
April 29, 2026	May 4, 2026
May 29, 2026	June 3, 2026
June 29, 2026	July 2, 2026
July 29, 2026	August 3, 2026
August 31, 2026	September 3, 2026
September 29, 2026	October 2, 2026
October 29, 2026	November 3, 2026
November 30, 2026	December 3, 2026
December 29, 2026	January 4, 2027
January 29, 2027	February 3, 2027
February 26, 2027	March 3, 2027
March 29, 2027	April 1, 2027
April 29, 2027	May 4, 2027
May 28, 2027	June 3, 2027
June 29, 2027	July 2, 2027
July 29, 2027	August 3, 2027
August 30, 2027	September 2, 2027
September 29, 2027	October 4, 2027
October 29, 2027	November 3, 2027
November 29, 2027	December 2, 2027
December 29, 2027	January 3, 2028
January 31, 2028	February 3, 2028
February 29, 2028	March 3, 2028
March 29, 2028	April 3, 2028
April 28, 2028	May 3, 2028
May 30, 2028	June 2, 2028
June 29, 2028	July 5, 2028
July 31, 2028	August 3, 2028
August 29, 2028	September 1, 2028
September 29, 2028	October 4, 2028
October 30, 2028	November 2, 2028
November 29, 2028	December 4, 2028
December 29, 2028	January 4, 2029
January 29, 2029	February 1, 2029
February 28, 2029	March 5, 2029
March 29, 2029	April 3, 2029
April 30, 2029	May 3, 2029
May 29, 2029	June 1, 2029
June 29, 2029	July 5, 2029

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Contingent Income Memory Buffered Auto-Callable Securities

Principal at Risk Securities

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Observation Dates	Coupon Payment Dates
July 30, 2029	August 2, 2029
August 29, 2029	September 4, 2029
September 28, 2029	October 3, 2029
October 29, 2029	November 1, 2029
November 29, 2029	December 4, 2029
December 31, 2029	January 4, 2030
January 29, 2030	February 1, 2030
February 28, 2030	March 5, 2030
March 29, 2030	April 3, 2030
April 29, 2030	May 2, 2030
May 29, 2030	June 3, 2030
June 28, 2030	July 3, 2030
July 29, 2030 (final observation date)	August 1, 2030 (maturity date)

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Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

Contingent Income Memory Buffered Auto-Callable Securities

Principal at Risk Securities

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Estimated Value of the Securities

The original issue price of each security is $1,000. This price includes costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the securities, which are borne by you, and, consequently, the estimated value of the securities on the pricing date will be less than $1,000. Our estimate of the value of the securities as determined on the pricing date will be within the range specified on the cover hereof and will be set forth on the cover of the final pricing supplement.

What goes into the estimated value on the pricing date?

In valuing the securities on the pricing date, we take into account that the securities comprise both a debt component and a performance-based component linked to the underlier. The estimated value of the securities is determined using our own pricing and valuation models, market inputs and assumptions relating to the underlier, instruments based on the underlier, volatility and other factors including current and expected interest rates, as well as an interest rate related to our secondary market credit spread, which is the implied interest rate at which our conventional fixed rate debt trades in the secondary market.

What determines the economic terms of the securities?

In determining the economic terms of the securities, we use an internal funding rate, which is likely to be lower than our secondary market credit spreads and therefore advantageous to us. If the issuing, selling, structuring and hedging costs borne by you were lower or if the internal funding rate were higher, one or more of the economic terms of the securities would be more favorable to you.

What is the relationship between the estimated value on the pricing date and the secondary market price of the securities?

The price at which MS & Co. purchases the securities in the secondary market, absent changes in market conditions, including those related to the underlier, may vary from, and be lower than, the estimated value on the pricing date, because the secondary market price takes into account our secondary market credit spread as well as the bid-offer spread that MS & Co. would charge in a secondary market transaction of this type and other factors. However, because the costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the securities are not fully deducted upon issuance, to the extent that MS & Co. may buy or sell the securities in the secondary market during the amortization period specified herein, absent changes in market conditions, including those related to the underlier, and to our secondary market credit spreads, it would do so based on values higher than the estimated value. We expect that those higher values will also be reflected in your brokerage account statements.

MS & Co. may, but is not obligated to, make a market in the securities, and, if it once chooses to make a market, may cease doing so at any time.

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Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

Contingent Income Memory Buffered Auto-Callable Securities

Principal at Risk Securities

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Hypothetical Examples

The following hypothetical examples illustrate how to determine whether the securities will be automatically redeemed with respect to a redemption determination date, whether a contingent coupon is payable with respect to an observation date and how to calculate the payment at maturity if the securities have not been automatically redeemed prior to maturity. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only. Whether the securities are automatically redeemed prior to maturity will be determined by reference to the closing level of the underlier on each redemption determination date. Whether you receive a contingent coupon will be determined by reference to the closing level of the underlier on each observation date. The payment at maturity will be determined by reference to the closing level of the underlier on the final observation date. The actual initial level, call threshold level, coupon barrier level and buffer level will be determined on the strike date. All payments on the securities are subject to our credit risk. The numbers in the hypothetical examples below may have been rounded for ease of analysis. The below examples are based on the following terms:

Stated principal amount:	$1,000 per security
Hypothetical initial level:	100.00*
Hypothetical call threshold level:	85.00, which is 85% of the hypothetical initial level
Hypothetical coupon barrier level:	70.00, which is 70% of the hypothetical initial level
Hypothetical buffer level:	85.00, which is 85% of the hypothetical initial level
Buffer amount:	15%
Minimum payment at maturity:	15% of the stated principal amount
Hypothetical contingent coupon:	8.28% per annum (corresponding to approximately $6.90 per interest period per security). The actual contingent coupon will be an amount determined by the calculation agent based on the number of days in the applicable payment period, calculated on a 30/360 day-count basis. The hypothetical contingent coupon of $6.90 is used in these examples for ease of analysis. If the contingent coupon is not paid on any coupon payment date (because the closing level of the underlier is less than the coupon barrier level on the related observation date), such unpaid contingent coupon will be paid on a later coupon payment date but only if the closing level of the underlier is greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level on the related observation date. Any such unpaid contingent coupon will be paid on the first subsequent coupon payment date for which the closing level of the underlier is greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level on the related observation date.

*The hypothetical initial level of 100.00 for the underlier has been chosen for illustrative purposes only and does not represent the actual initial level of the underlier. Please see “Historical Information” below for historical data regarding the actual closing levels of the underlier.

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Contingent Income Memory Buffered Auto-Callable Securities

Principal at Risk Securities

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How to determine whether the securities will be automatically redeemed with respect to a redemption determination date:

 	Closing Level of the Underlier	Early Redemption Payment
Hypothetical Redemption Determination Date #1	65.00 (less than the call threshold level)	N/A
Hypothetical Redemption Determination Date #2	110.00 (greater than or equal to the call threshold level)	The stated principal amount + the contingent coupon with respect to the related interest period and any previously unpaid contingent coupons For more information, please see “How to determine whether a contingent coupon is payable with respect to an observation date (if the securities have not been previously automatically redeemed)” below.

On hypothetical redemption determination date #1, because the closing level of the underlier is less than the call threshold level, the securities are not automatically redeemed on the related early redemption date.

On hypothetical redemption determination date #2, because the closing level of the underlier is greater than or equal to the call threshold level, the securities are automatically redeemed on the related early redemption date for an early redemption payment equal to the stated principal amount plus the contingent coupon with respect to the related interest period and any previously unpaid contingent coupons. No further payments are made on the securities once they have been automatically redeemed.

If the closing level of the underlier is less than the call threshold level on each redemption determination date, the securities will not be automatically redeemed prior to maturity.

How to determine whether a contingent coupon is payable with respect to an observation date (if the securities have not been previously automatically redeemed):

 	Closing Level of the Underlier	Payment per Security
Hypothetical Observation Date #1	80.00 (greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level)	$6.90
Hypothetical Observation Date #2	50.00 (less than the coupon barrier level)	$0
Hypothetical Observation Date #3	40.00 (less than the coupon barrier level)	$0
Hypothetical Observation Date #4	85.00 (greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level)	$6.90 + $6.90 + $6.90 = $20.70
Hypothetical Observation Date #5	35.00 (less than the coupon barrier level)	$0

On hypothetical observation date #1, because the closing level of the underlier is greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level, the contingent coupon is paid on the related coupon payment date.

On hypothetical observation dates #2 and #3, because the closing level of the underlier is less than the coupon barrier level, no contingent coupon is paid on the related coupon payment date.

On hypothetical observation date #4, because the closing level of the underlier is greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level, investors receive the contingent coupon with respect to hypothetical observation date #4 as well as the previously unpaid contingent coupons with respect to hypothetical observation dates #2 and #3.

On hypothetical observation date #5, because the closing level of the underlier is less than the coupon barrier level, no contingent coupon is paid on the related coupon payment date.

If the closing level of the underlier is less than the coupon barrier level on each observation date, you will not receive any contingent coupons for the entire term of the securities.

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Contingent Income Memory Buffered Auto-Callable Securities

Principal at Risk Securities

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How to calculate the payment at maturity (if the securities have not been automatically redeemed):

The hypothetical examples below illustrate how to calculate the payment at maturity if the securities have not been automatically redeemed prior to maturity.

 	Final Level	Payment at Maturity per Security
Example #1	120.00 (greater than or equal to the buffer level)	The stated principal amount + the contingent coupon with respect to the final observation date and any previously unpaid contingent coupons For more information, please see “How to determine whether a contingent coupon is payable with respect to an observation date (if the securities have not been previously automatically redeemed)” above.
Example #2	80.00 (less than the buffer level but greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level)	[$1,000 × (performance factor + buffer amount)] + the contingent coupon with respect to the final observation date and any previously unpaid contingent coupons = {$1,000 × [(80.00 / 100.00) + 15%]} + the contingent coupon with respect to the final observation date and any previously unpaid contingent coupons = $950.00 + the contingent coupon with respect to the final observation date and any previously unpaid contingent coupons For more information, please see “How to determine whether a contingent coupon is payable with respect to an observation date (if the securities have not been previously automatically redeemed)” above.
Example #3	30.00 (less than the buffer level)	$1,000 × [(30.00 / 100.00) + 15%] = $450.00

In example #1, the final level is greater than or equal to the buffer level. Therefore, investors receive at maturity the stated principal amount. Because the final level is also greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level, investors receive the contingent coupon with respect to the final observation date and any previously unpaid contingent coupons. Investors do not participate in any appreciation of the underlier.

In example #2, the final level is less than the buffer level. Therefore, investors receive at maturity a payment that reflects a loss of 1% of principal for each 1% decline in the level of the underlier beyond the buffer amount. Because the final level is greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level, investors receive the contingent coupon with respect to the final observation date and any previously unpaid contingent coupons.

In example #3, the final level is less than the buffer level. Therefore, investors receive at maturity a payment that reflects a loss of 1% of principal for each 1% decline in the level of the underlier beyond the buffer amount. Moreover, because the final level is also less than the coupon barrier level, investors do not receive a contingent coupon with respect to the final observation date or any previously unpaid contingent coupons.

If the securities have not been automatically redeemed prior to maturity and the final level is less than the buffer level, you will be exposed to the negative performance of the underlier beyond the buffer amount at maturity, and your payment at maturity will be less, and may be significantly less, than the stated principal amount.

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Contingent Income Memory Buffered Auto-Callable Securities

Principal at Risk Securities

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Risk Factors

This section describes the material risks relating to the securities. For further discussion of these and other risks, you should read the section entitled “Risk Factors” in the accompanying product supplement, index supplement and prospectus. We also urge you to consult with your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers in connection with your investment in the securities.

Risks Relating to an Investment in the Securities

￭The securities provide for only the minimum payment at maturity. The terms of the securities differ from those of ordinary debt securities in that they provide for only the minimum payment at maturity. If the securities have not been automatically redeemed prior to maturity and the final level is less than the buffer level, the payout at maturity will be an amount in cash that is less than the stated principal amount of each security, and you will lose an amount proportionate to the full decline in the level of the underlier over the term of the securities beyond the buffer amount. You could lose a significant portion of your initial investment in the securities.

￭The securities do not provide for the regular payment of interest. The terms of the securities differ from those of ordinary debt securities in that they do not provide for the regular payment of interest. Instead, the securities will pay a contingent coupon on a coupon payment date but only if the closing level of the underlier is greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level on the related observation date. However, if the closing level of the underlier is less than the coupon barrier level on any observation date, we will pay no coupon with respect to the applicable interest period. Any such unpaid contingent coupon will be paid on a subsequent coupon payment date but only if the closing level of the underlier is greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level on the related observation date. You will not receive payment for any such unpaid contingent coupon if the closing level of the underlier is less than the coupon barrier level on each subsequent observation date. It is possible that the closing level of the underlier will remain below the coupon barrier level for extended periods of time or even throughout the entire term of the securities so that you will receive few or no contingent coupons. If you do not earn sufficient contingent coupons over the term of the securities, the overall return on the securities may be less than the amount that would be paid on a conventional debt security of ours of comparable maturity.

￭Payment of the contingent coupon is based on the closing level of the underlier on only the related observation date at the end of the related interest period. Whether the contingent coupon will be paid on any coupon payment date will be determined at the end of the related interest period based on the closing level of the underlier on the related observation date. As a result, you will not know whether you will receive the contingent coupon on a coupon payment date until near the end of the relevant interest period. Moreover, because the contingent coupon is based solely on the closing level of the underlier on the observation dates, if the closing level of the underlier on any observation date is less than the coupon barrier level, you will not receive a contingent coupon with respect to the related interest period (or any previously unpaid contingent coupons), even if the closing level of the underlier was greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level on other days during that interest period.

￭Investors will not participate in any appreciation in the value of the underlier. Investors will not participate in any appreciation in the value of the underlier from the strike date to the final observation date, and the return on the securities will be limited to the contingent coupons that are paid with respect to the observation dates on which the closing level of the underlier is greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level. It is possible that the closing level of the underlier will remain below the coupon barrier level for extended periods of time or even throughout the entire term of the securities so that you will receive few or no contingent coupons.

￭The securities are subject to early redemption risk. The term of your investment in the securities may be shortened due to the automatic early redemption feature of the securities. If the securities are automatically redeemed prior to maturity, you will receive no further payments on the securities, may be forced to invest in a lower interest rate environment and may not be able to reinvest at comparable terms or returns. However, under no circumstances will the securities be redeemed prior to the first redemption determination date.

￭The market price of the securities may be influenced by many unpredictable factors. Several factors, many of which are beyond our control, will influence the value of the securities in the secondary market and the price at which MS & Co. may be willing to purchase or sell the securities in the secondary market. We expect that generally the value of the underlier at any time will affect the value of the securities more than any other single factor. Other factors that may influence the value of the securities include:

othe volatility (frequency and magnitude of changes in value) of the underlier;

ointerest and yield rates in the market;

ogeopolitical conditions and economic, financial, political, regulatory or judicial events that affect the underlier or equity markets generally;

othe availability of comparable instruments;

othe composition of the underlier and changes in the component securities of the underlier;

othe time remaining until the securities mature; and

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oany actual or anticipated changes in our credit ratings or credit spreads.

Some or all of these factors will influence the price that you will receive if you sell your securities prior to maturity. Generally, the longer the time remaining to maturity, the more the market price of the securities will be affected by the other factors described above. For example, you may have to sell your securities at a substantial discount from the stated principal amount if, at the time of sale, the closing level of the underlier is at, below or not sufficiently above the buffer level and/or coupon barrier level, or if market interest rates rise.

You can review the historical closing levels of the underlier in the section of this document called “Historical Information.” You cannot predict the future performance of the underlier based on its historical performance. The value of the underlier may be, and has recently been, volatile, and we can give you no assurance that the volatility will lessen. There can be no assurance that the closing level of the underlier will be greater than or equal to the coupon barrier level on any observation date so that you will receive a contingent coupon with respect to the applicable interest period, or that the final level will be greater than or equal to the buffer level so that you do not suffer a loss on your initial investment in the securities.

￭The securities are subject to our credit risk, and any actual or anticipated changes to our credit ratings or credit spreads may adversely affect the market value of the securities. You are dependent on our ability to pay all amounts due on the securities, and, therefore, you are subject to our credit risk. The securities are not guaranteed by any other entity. If we default on our obligations under the securities, your investment would be at risk and you could lose some or all of your investment. As a result, the market value of the securities prior to maturity will be affected by changes in the market’s view of our creditworthiness. Any actual or anticipated decline in our credit ratings or increase in the credit spreads charged by the market for taking our credit risk is likely to adversely affect the market value of the securities.

￭As a finance subsidiary, MSFL has no independent operations and will have no independent assets. As a finance subsidiary, MSFL has no independent operations beyond the issuance and administration of its securities and will have no independent assets available for distributions to holders of MSFL securities if they make claims in respect of such securities in a bankruptcy, resolution or similar proceeding. Accordingly, any recoveries by such holders will be limited to those available under the related guarantee by Morgan Stanley and that guarantee will rank pari passu with all other unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of Morgan Stanley. Holders will have recourse only to a single claim against Morgan Stanley and its assets under the guarantee. Holders of securities issued by MSFL should accordingly assume that in any such proceedings they would not have any priority over and should be treated pari passu with the claims of other unsecured, unsubordinated creditors of Morgan Stanley, including holders of Morgan Stanley-issued securities.

￭The rate we are willing to pay for securities of this type, maturity and issuance size is likely to be lower than the rate implied by our secondary market credit spreads and advantageous to us. Both the lower rate and the inclusion of costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the securities in the original issue price reduce the economic terms of the securities, cause the estimated value of the securities to be less than the original issue price and will adversely affect secondary market prices. Assuming no change in market conditions or any other relevant factors, the prices, if any, at which dealers, including MS & Co., may be willing to purchase the securities in secondary market transactions will likely be significantly lower than the original issue price, because secondary market prices will exclude the issuing, selling, structuring and hedging-related costs that are included in the original issue price and borne by you and because the secondary market prices will reflect our secondary market credit spreads and the bid-offer spread that any dealer would charge in a secondary market transaction of this type as well as other factors.

The inclusion of the costs of issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the securities in the original issue price and the lower rate we are willing to pay as issuer make the economic terms of the securities less favorable to you than they otherwise would be.

However, because the costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the securities are not fully deducted upon issuance, to the extent that MS & Co. may buy or sell the securities in the secondary market during the amortization period specified herein, absent changes in market conditions, including those related to the underlier, and to our secondary market credit spreads, it would do so based on values higher than the estimated value, and we expect that those higher values will also be reflected in your brokerage account statements.

￭The estimated value of the securities is determined by reference to our pricing and valuation models, which may differ from those of other dealers and is not a maximum or minimum secondary market price. These pricing and valuation models are proprietary and rely in part on subjective views of certain market inputs and certain assumptions about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. As a result, because there is no market-standard way to value these types of securities, our models may yield a higher estimated value of the securities than those generated by others, including other dealers in the market, if they attempted to value the securities. In addition, the estimated value on the pricing date does not represent a minimum or maximum price at which dealers, including MS & Co., would be willing to purchase your securities in the secondary market (if any exists) at any time. The value of your securities at any time after the date of this document will vary based on many factors that cannot be predicted with accuracy, including our creditworthiness and changes in market conditions. See also “The market price of the securities may be influenced by many unpredictable factors” above.

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￭The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange and secondary trading may be limited. The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange. Therefore, there may be little or no secondary market for the securities. MS & Co. may, but is not obligated to, make a market in the securities and, if it once chooses to make a market, may cease doing so at any time. When it does make a market, it will generally do so for transactions of routine secondary market size at prices based on its estimate of the current value of the securities, taking into account its bid/offer spread, our credit spreads, market volatility, the notional size of the proposed sale, the cost of unwinding any related hedging positions, the time remaining to maturity and the likelihood that it will be able to resell the securities. Even if there is a secondary market, it may not provide enough liquidity to allow you to trade or sell the securities easily. Since other broker-dealers may not participate significantly in the secondary market for the securities, the price at which you may be able to trade your securities is likely to depend on the price, if any, at which MS & Co. is willing to transact. If, at any time, MS & Co. were to cease making a market in the securities, it is likely that there would be no secondary market for the securities. Accordingly, you should be willing to hold your securities to maturity.

￭As discussed in more detail in the accompanying product supplement, investing in the securities is not equivalent to investing in the underlier(s).

￭The U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the securities are uncertain. There is no direct legal authority regarding the proper U.S. federal income tax treatment of the securities, and significant aspects of the tax treatment of the securities are uncertain. Moreover, non-U.S. investors should note that persons having withholding responsibility in respect of the securities are, absent an exception, expected to withhold on any coupon paid to a non-U.S. investor, generally at a rate of 30%. We will not pay any additional amounts in respect of such withholding. You should review carefully the section entitled “United States Federal Income Tax Considerations” herein, in combination with the section entitled “United States Federal Income Tax Considerations” in the accompanying product supplement, and consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the securities.

Risks Relating to the Underlier(s)

￭Because your return on the securities will depend upon the performance of the underlier, the securities are subject to the following risks, as discussed in more detail in the accompanying index supplement. The accompanying index supplement refers to the underlier as the “Index.”

oNo assurance can be given that the investment strategy used to construct the Index will achieve its intended results or that the Index will be successful or will outperform any alternative index or strategy that might reference the Index Components.

oThe decrement of 4% per annum will adversely affect the performance of the Index in all cases, whether the Index appreciates or depreciates.

oThe Index is subject to risks associated with the use of significant leverage.

oThe Index may not be fully invested.

oThe Index was established on March 14, 2022 and therefore has very limited operating history.

oAs the Index is new and has very limited historical performance, any investment in the Index may involve greater risk than an investment in an index with longer actual historical performance and a proven track record.

oHigher future prices of the futures contract to which the Index is linked relative to its current prices may adversely affect the value of the Index and the value of instruments linked to the Index.

oSuspensions or disruptions of market trading in futures markets could adversely affect the price of instruments linked to the Index.

oLegal and regulatory changes could adversely affect the return on and value of your securities.

oThe E-mini Russell 2000 futures contracts are one of the Index Components and are subject to risks associated with small-capitalization companies.

oAdjustments to the Index could adversely affect the value of instruments linked to the Index.

Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest

In engaging in certain activities described below and as discussed in more detail in the accompanying product supplement, our affiliates may take actions that may adversely affect the value of and your return on the securities, and in so doing they will have no obligation to consider your interests as an investor in the securities.

￭The calculation agent, which is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley and an affiliate of MSFL, will make determinations with respect to the securities. As calculation agent, MS & Co. will make any determinations necessary to calculate any payment(s) on the securities. Moreover, certain determinations made by MS & Co., in its capacity as calculation agent, may require it to exercise

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discretion and make subjective judgments, which may adversely affect your return on the securities. In addition, MS & Co. has determined the estimated value of the securities on the pricing date.

￭Hedging and trading activity by our affiliates could potentially adversely affect the value of the securities.

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Historical Information

S&P® U.S. Equity Momentum 40% VT 4% Decrement Index Overview

Bloomberg Ticker Symbol: SPUMP40

The S&P® U.S. Equity Momentum 40% VT 4% Decrement Index is a rules-based, long-only index that was developed by S&P® Dow Jones Indices LLC, in coordination with Morgan Stanley, and was established on March 14, 2022. The underlying index publisher with respect to the S&P® U.S. Equity Momentum 40% VT 4% Decrement Index is S&P® Dow Jones Indices LLC, or any successor thereof. The underlier employs a rules-based quantitative strategy that consists of a risk-adjusted, momentum-based, or trend following, approach to construct a portfolio composed of equity futures contracts. In addition, the strategy applies an overall volatility-targeting feature upon the resulting portfolio and is subject to a 4.0% per annum daily decrement. For additional information about the S&P® U.S. Equity Momentum 40% VT 4% Decrement Index, see the information set forth in the accompanying index supplement.

The inception date for the underlier was March 14, 2022. All information regarding the underlier prior to March 14, 2022 is a hypothetical retrospective simulation calculated by the underlying index publisher, using the same methodology as is currently employed for calculating the underlier based on historical data. A retrospective simulation means that no actual investment which allowed a tracking of the performance of the underlier existed at any time during the period of the retrospective simulation. Investors should be aware that no actual investment which allowed a tracking of the performance of the underlier was possible at any time prior to March 14, 2022. Such data must be considered illustrative only.

The closing level of the underlier on July 10, 2025 was 990.76. The following graph sets forth the hypothetical retrospective and daily closing levels of the underlier for the period noted below. No assurance can be given as to the closing level of the underlier at any time.

Underlier Daily Closing Levels

January 1, 2020* to July 10, 2025

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*The red vertical line indicates March 14, 2022, which is the date on which the underlier was established. All information regarding the underlier prior to March 14, 2022 is a hypothetical retrospective simulation calculated by the underlying index publisher and must be considered illustrative only.

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Additional Terms of the Securities

Please read this information in conjunction with the terms on the cover of this document.

Additional Terms:
If the terms described herein are inconsistent with those described in the accompanying product supplement, index supplement or prospectus, the terms described herein shall control.
Denominations:	$1,000 per security and integral multiples thereof
Day-count convention:	Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.
Interest period:	The period from and including the original issue date (in the case of the first interest period) or the previous scheduled coupon payment date, as applicable, to but excluding the following scheduled coupon payment date, with no adjustment for any postponement thereof.
Amortization period:	The 6-month period following the issue date
Trustee:	The Bank of New York Mellon
Calculation agent:	Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (“MS & Co.”)

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Additional Information About the Securities

Additional Information:
Minimum ticketing size:	$1,000 / 1 security
United States federal income tax considerations:	You should review carefully the section in the accompanying product supplement entitled “United States Federal Income Tax Considerations.” The following discussion, when read in combination with that section, constitutes the full opinion of our counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, regarding the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of the securities. Generally, this discussion assumes that you purchased the securities for cash in the original issuance at the stated issue price and does not address other circumstances specific to you, including consequences that may arise due to any other investments relating to an underlier. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the effect any such circumstances may have on the U.S. federal income tax consequences of your ownership of a security. In the opinion of our counsel, which is based on current market conditions, it is reasonable to treat the securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes as prepaid financial contracts with associated coupons, and any coupons as ordinary income, as described in the section entitled “United States Federal Income Tax Considerations—Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders—Securities Treated as Prepaid Financial Contracts with Associated Coupons” in the accompanying product supplement. There is uncertainty regarding this treatment, and the IRS or a court might not agree with it. Moreover, because this treatment of the securities and our counsel’s opinion are based on market conditions as of the date of this preliminary pricing supplement, each is subject to confirmation on the pricing date. A different tax treatment could be adverse to you. We do not plan to request a ruling from the IRS regarding the treatment of the securities. An alternative characterization of the securities could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of ownership and disposition of the securities, including the timing and character of income recognized. In particular, there is a risk that the securities could be characterized as debt instruments for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in which case the tax consequences of an investment in the securities could be different from those described herein and possibly adverse to certain investors. In addition, the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS have requested comments on various issues regarding the U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar financial instruments and have indicated that such transactions may be the subject of future regulations or other guidance. Furthermore, members of Congress have proposed legislative changes to the tax treatment of derivative contracts. Any legislation, Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the securities, possibly with retroactive effect. Non-U.S. Holders. The U.S. federal income tax treatment of the coupons is unclear. To the extent that we have withholding responsibility in respect of the securities, we would expect generally to treat the coupons paid to Non-U.S. Holders (as defined in the accompanying product supplement) as subject to U.S. withholding tax. Moreover, you should expect that, if the applicable withholding agent determines that withholding tax should apply, it will be at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). In order to claim an exemption from, or a reduction in, the 30% withholding under an applicable treaty, you may need to comply with certification requirements to establish that you are not a U.S. person and are eligible for such an exemption or reduction under an applicable tax treaty. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the tax treatment of the coupons. As discussed under “United States Federal Income Tax Considerations—Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders—Dividend Equivalents under Section 871(m) of the Code” in the accompanying product supplement, Section 871(m) of the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 871(m)”) generally impose a 30% withholding tax on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. The Treasury regulations, as modified by an IRS notice, exempt financial instruments issued prior to January 1, 2027 that do not have a “delta” of one. Based on certain determinations made by us, we expect that Section 871(m) will not apply to the securities with regard to Non-U.S. Holders. Our determination is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this determination. If necessary, further information regarding the potential application of Section 871(m) will be provided in the final pricing supplement for the securities. We will not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to U.S. federal withholding taxes. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the securities, including possible alternative treatments, as well as tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.

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Additional considerations:	Client accounts over which Morgan Stanley, Morgan Stanley Wealth Management or any of their respective subsidiaries have investment discretion are not permitted to purchase the securities, either directly or indirectly.
Supplemental information regarding plan of distribution; conflicts of interest:	Selected dealers and their financial advisors will collectively receive from the agent, MS & Co., a fixed sales commission of $ for each security they sell. MS & Co. is an affiliate of MSFL and a wholly owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley, and it and other affiliates of ours expect to make a profit by selling, structuring and, when applicable, hedging the securities. MS & Co. will conduct this offering in compliance with the requirements of FINRA Rule 5121 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., which is commonly referred to as FINRA, regarding a FINRA member firm’s distribution of the securities of an affiliate and related conflicts of interest. MS & Co. or any of our other affiliates may not make sales in this offering to any discretionary account. See “Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)” and “Use of Proceeds and Hedging” in the accompanying product supplement.
Where you can find more information:	Morgan Stanley and MSFL have filed a registration statement (including a prospectus, as supplemented by the product supplement and the index supplement) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for the offering to which this communication relates. You should read the prospectus in that registration statement, the product supplement, the index supplement and any other documents relating to this offering that MSFL and Morgan Stanley have filed with the SEC for more complete information about Morgan Stanley and this offering. When you read the accompanying index supplement, please note that all references in such supplement to the prospectus dated November 16, 2023, or to any sections therein, should refer instead to the accompanying prospectus dated April 12, 2024 or to the corresponding sections of such prospectus, as applicable. You may get these documents without cost by visiting EDGAR on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. Alternatively, MSFL, Morgan Stanley, any underwriter or any dealer participating in the offering will arrange to send you the prospectus, the index supplement and the product supplement if you so request by calling toll-free 1-(800)-584-6837. Terms used but not defined in this document are defined in the product supplement, in the index supplement or in the prospectus. Each of the product supplement, the index supplement and the prospectus can be accessed via the hyperlinks set forth on the cover of this document.

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FAQ

What is the contingent coupon rate on the MS (424B2) notes?

The annual contingent coupon will be at least 8.28%; the exact rate is set on the July 29 2025 pricing date.

How does the 15% buffer work at maturity?

If the final index level is ≥ 85% of the initial level, investors receive full principal; below that, principal is reduced 1% for each 1% decline, subject to a $150 minimum per $1,000 note.

When can the notes be automatically redeemed?

Starting July 29 2026 and on 48 monthly dates thereafter, the notes are called if the index closes at least 85% of its initial level.

Can I lose money on these Morgan Stanley structured notes?

Yes. If held to maturity and the index drops more than 15%, or if Morgan Stanley defaults, investors can lose a significant portion of principal.

Will the notes be listed on an exchange?

No. The securities will not be listed, and secondary trading—if any—will depend on dealer quotes from MS&Co.

Why is the estimated value only about $905.70?

It reflects issuer funding costs, structuring fees and hedging expenses embedded in the $1,000 issue price.

What is the underlying index for these notes?

The notes reference the S&P® U.S. Equity Momentum 40% VT 4% Decrement Index, created in 2022 with a volatility-targeting, momentum strategy and a 4% annual decrement.