STOCK TITAN

[Form 4] Optex Systems Holdings, INC Insider Trading Activity

Filing Impact
(Moderate)
Filing Sentiment
(Negative)
Form Type
4
Rhea-AI Filing Summary

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC, guaranteed by Morgan Stanley, is marketing SX5E Dual Directional Buffered PLUS notes maturing 1 August 2030 (pricing 28 July 2025, CUSIP 61778K7E1). The unsecured notes are linked solely to the EURO STOXX 50 Index (SX5E) and have a face amount of $1,000. The bank’s internal models place the estimated value at $920.20 (±$55), indicating an embedded cost of roughly 8 cts on the dollar.

The structure is dual-directional: (i) if SX5E ends above the initial level, investors receive the positive index return multiplied by a leverage factor of 157%–172% (exact rate set on pricing); (ii) if SX5E ends below the initial level but by no more than 15%, investors earn a 100% “absolute return” on that decline, turning a moderate loss in the index into a gain on the note; (iii) once the index falls beyond the 15% buffer, principal is exposed one-for-one, creating a maximum loss of 85%. The note pays no periodic coupon and redemption depends exclusively on the single observation date of 29 July 2030.

Key risks highlighted include credit exposure to Morgan Stanley, the absence of exchange listing or guaranteed liquidity, model-based valuation that is below issue price, potential adverse hedging impacts by affiliates, and uncertain U.S. tax treatment. The securities suit investors comfortable with MSCI Europe exposure, long holding periods and the possibility of substantial capital loss in exchange for leveraged upside and limited downside protection.

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC, garantita da Morgan Stanley, sta promuovendo le note SX5E Dual Directional Buffered PLUS con scadenza il 1° agosto 2030 (prezzo fissato il 28 luglio 2025, CUSIP 61778K7E1). Le note non garantite sono collegate esclusivamente all'indice EURO STOXX 50 (SX5E) e hanno un valore nominale di 1.000 dollari. I modelli interni della banca stimano un valore approssimativo di 920,20 $ (±55 $), indicando un costo implicito di circa 8 centesimi per dollaro.

La struttura è dual-directional: (i) se l'SX5E termina sopra il livello iniziale, gli investitori ricevono il rendimento positivo dell'indice moltiplicato per un fattore di leva tra il 157% e il 172% (tasso esatto definito al momento del prezzo); (ii) se l'SX5E termina sotto il livello iniziale ma con un calo non superiore al 15%, gli investitori ottengono un “rendimento assoluto” del 100% su tale diminuzione, trasformando una perdita moderata dell'indice in un guadagno sulla nota; (iii) se l'indice scende oltre il buffer del 15%, il capitale è esposto uno a uno, con una perdita massima dell'85%. La nota non paga cedole periodiche e il rimborso dipende esclusivamente dalla data di osservazione unica del 29 luglio 2030.

I rischi principali evidenziati includono l'esposizione creditizia a Morgan Stanley, l'assenza di quotazione in borsa o di liquidità garantita, la valutazione basata su modelli che risulta inferiore al prezzo di emissione, possibili impatti negativi di copertura da parte di affiliati e un trattamento fiscale statunitense incerto. Questi titoli sono adatti a investitori che accettano l'esposizione a MSCI Europe, con orizzonti di lungo termine e la possibilità di perdite di capitale significative in cambio di un potenziale rialzo con leva e una protezione limitata al ribasso.

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC, garantizado por Morgan Stanley, está comercializando las notas SX5E Dual Directional Buffered PLUS con vencimiento el 1 de agosto de 2030 (precio fijado el 28 de julio de 2025, CUSIP 61778K7E1). Las notas no garantizadas están vinculadas exclusivamente al índice EURO STOXX 50 (SX5E) y tienen un valor nominal de 1,000 dólares. Los modelos internos del banco estiman un valor aproximado de 920,20 $ (±55 $), lo que indica un costo implícito de aproximadamente 8 centavos por dólar.

La estructura es dual-directional: (i) si el SX5E termina por encima del nivel inicial, los inversores reciben el rendimiento positivo del índice multiplicado por un factor de apalancamiento entre 157% y 172% (tasa exacta establecida en la fijación del precio); (ii) si el SX5E termina por debajo del nivel inicial pero con una caída de no más del 15%, los inversores obtienen un “rendimiento absoluto” del 100% sobre esa disminución, convirtiendo una pérdida moderada del índice en una ganancia en la nota; (iii) si el índice cae más allá del margen del 15%, el capital está expuesto uno a uno, creando una pérdida máxima del 85%. La nota no paga cupones periódicos y el reembolso depende exclusivamente de la fecha única de observación del 29 de julio de 2030.

Los riesgos clave destacados incluyen la exposición crediticia a Morgan Stanley, la ausencia de cotización en bolsa o liquidez garantizada, la valoración basada en modelos que está por debajo del precio de emisión, posibles impactos adversos de cobertura por parte de afiliados y un tratamiento fiscal estadounidense incierto. Estos valores son adecuados para inversores cómodos con la exposición a MSCI Europe, con horizontes de inversión a largo plazo y la posibilidad de pérdidas de capital sustanciales a cambio de un potencial de ganancia apalancada y protección limitada a la baja.

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC는 Morgan Stanley가 보증하며, SX5E Dual Directional Buffered PLUS 노트를 2030년 8월 1일 만기(2025년 7월 28일 가격 책정, CUSIP 61778K7E1)로 마케팅하고 있습니다. 이 무담보 노트는 EURO STOXX 50 지수(SX5E)에만 연동되며 액면가는 1,000달러입니다. 은행 내부 모델에 따르면 추정 가치는 920.20달러(±55달러)로, 달러당 약 8센트의 내재 비용을 나타냅니다.

구조는 이중 방향성입니다: (i) SX5E가 초기 수준 이상으로 마감하면 투자자는 157%~172%의 레버리지 계수를 곱한 긍정적 지수 수익을 받습니다(정확한 비율은 가격 책정 시 결정); (ii) SX5E가 초기 수준 아래로 마감하지만 15% 이내 하락 시 투자자는 그 하락에 대해 100% “절대 수익”을 얻어 지수의 온건한 손실을 노트의 이익으로 전환합니다; (iii) 지수가 15% 버퍼를 넘어서 하락하면 원금이 1대1로 노출되어 최대 85% 손실이 발생합니다. 노트는 정기 쿠폰을 지급하지 않으며 상환은 2030년 7월 29일 단일 관찰일에만 의존합니다.

주요 위험 요소로는 Morgan Stanley에 대한 신용 노출, 거래소 상장 또는 보장된 유동성 부재, 발행가보다 낮은 모델 기반 평가, 계열사에 의한 불리한 헤징 영향 가능성, 그리고 미국 세금 처리의 불확실성이 포함됩니다. 이 증권은 MSCI Europe 노출에 익숙하고 장기 보유 기간을 견딜 수 있으며, 상당한 자본 손실 가능성을 감수하고 레버리지 상승과 제한된 하방 보호를 원하는 투자자에게 적합합니다.

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC, garantie de Morgan Stanley, commercialise des notes SX5E Dual Directional Buffered PLUS arrivant à échéance le 1er août 2030 (tarification au 28 juillet 2025, CUSIP 61778K7E1). Ces notes non garanties sont uniquement liées à l'indice EURO STOXX 50 (SX5E) et ont une valeur nominale de 1 000 $. Les modèles internes de la banque estiment une valeur approximative de 920,20 $ (±55 $), indiquant un coût implicite d'environ 8 cents par dollar.

La structure est dual-directional : (i) si le SX5E termine au-dessus du niveau initial, les investisseurs reçoivent le rendement positif de l'indice multiplié par un facteur de levier de 157 % à 172 % (taux exact fixé lors de la tarification) ; (ii) si le SX5E termine en dessous du niveau initial mais avec une baisse ne dépassant pas 15 %, les investisseurs obtiennent un rendement absolu de 100 % sur cette baisse, transformant une perte modérée de l'indice en gain sur la note ; (iii) si l'indice chute au-delà de la marge de 15 %, le capital est exposé un pour un, entraînant une perte maximale de 85 %. La note ne verse pas de coupon périodique et le remboursement dépend exclusivement de la date d'observation unique du 29 juillet 2030.

Les principaux risques soulignés incluent l'exposition au crédit de Morgan Stanley, l'absence de cotation en bourse ou de liquidité garantie, une valorisation basée sur des modèles inférieure au prix d'émission, des impacts potentiels défavorables de couverture par des affiliés, ainsi qu'un traitement fiscal américain incertain. Ces titres conviennent aux investisseurs à l'aise avec une exposition MSCI Europe, disposés à un horizon de détention long et à la possibilité de pertes en capital importantes en échange d'un potentiel de hausse avec effet de levier et d'une protection limitée à la baisse.

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC, garantiert von Morgan Stanley, vermarktet SX5E Dual Directional Buffered PLUS Notes mit Fälligkeit am 1. August 2030 (Preisfestsetzung am 28. Juli 2025, CUSIP 61778K7E1). Die unbesicherten Notes sind ausschließlich an den EURO STOXX 50 Index (SX5E) gekoppelt und haben einen Nennwert von 1.000 US-Dollar. Die internen Modelle der Bank schätzen den ungefähren Wert auf 920,20 $ (±55 $), was auf einen eingebetteten Kostenfaktor von etwa 8 Cent pro Dollar hinweist.

Die Struktur ist dual-directional: (i) wenn der SX5E über dem Anfangsniveau schließt, erhalten Anleger die positive Indexrendite multipliziert mit einem Hebelfaktor von 157 % bis 172 % (exakter Satz bei Preisfestsetzung); (ii) wenn der SX5E unter dem Anfangsniveau schließt, aber um nicht mehr als 15 % fällt, erzielen Anleger eine 100 % „Absolute Return“ auf diesen Rückgang, wodurch ein moderater Indexverlust in einen Gewinn auf die Note umgewandelt wird; (iii) fällt der Index über die 15 %-Pufferzone hinaus, ist das Kapital eins zu eins exponiert, was einen maximalen Verlust von 85 % bedeutet. Die Note zahlt keine periodischen Kupons und die Rückzahlung hängt ausschließlich vom einzigen Beobachtungstag am 29. Juli 2030 ab.

Wichtige Risiken umfassen die Kreditexponierung gegenüber Morgan Stanley, das Fehlen einer Börsennotierung oder garantierter Liquidität, modellbasierte Bewertungen, die unter dem Ausgabepreis liegen, potenzielle nachteilige Absicherungswirkungen durch verbundene Unternehmen sowie eine unsichere US-Steuerbehandlung. Die Wertpapiere eignen sich für Anleger, die mit einer MSCI Europe-Exponierung vertraut sind, langfristige Anlagehorizonte haben und bereit sind, erhebliche Kapitalverluste in Kauf zu nehmen, um von einem gehebelten Aufwärtspotenzial und begrenztem Abwärtsschutz zu profitieren.

Positive
  • 157%–172% leveraged participation on any positive SX5E performance, enhancing upside potential.
  • Dual-directional 15% buffer converts moderate index declines into gains, offering downside mitigation.
  • Full principal repayment at maturity if index change is between 0% and -15%, unlike plain vanilla notes.
  • Guarantee from Morgan Stanley provides investment-grade backing.
Negative
  • Estimated value of $920.20 sits about 8% below the $1,000 issue price, indicating high embedded costs.
  • No periodic coupon; total return entirely dependent on final index level.
  • Maximum loss of 85% if SX5E falls 100%, exposing investors to significant capital risk.
  • Unsecured credit exposure to Morgan Stanley; adverse rating moves can erode market value.
  • Notes will not be exchange-listed, leading to limited secondary liquidity and potentially wide spreads.
  • Single observation date concentrates market-timing risk.
  • U.S. tax treatment is uncertain, requiring specialist advice.

Insights

TL;DR: Leveraged upside and 15% buffer offset by 8% issue premium, no coupon and MS credit risk.

The note offers an attractive 1.57-1.72× participation on SX5E gains and converts the first 15% of losses into positive return, creating a convex pay-off that retail investors often seek. However, the $920.20 estimated value versus the $1,000 issue price means buyers surrender roughly 7.9% in upfront economic value to fees and hedging costs, eroding expected return. Lack of interim observations and no secondary listing add path-dependency and liquidity risk. Credit risk is non-trivial given the 5-year tenor, though Morgan Stanley remains investment-grade. Overall, suitable only for investors with a defined bullish-to-sideways view on European large-caps who are willing to buy-and-hold through 2030.

TL;DR: 85% maximum loss, single-date exposure and valuation discount make risk/return finely balanced.

While the 15% buffer shields moderate drawdowns, once breached losses accelerate linearly, producing a fat-tail loss of up to 85%. The product’s economics already embed an 8% cost, and the issuer’s hedging activity may widen bid-ask spreads, compounding exit risk. The single observation date creates event-risk concentration—any market shock near July 2030 directly impacts payout. Finally, investors face unsecured exposure to Morgan Stanley; any downgrade would directly pressure secondary pricing. These factors neutralize the headline leverage, resulting in a risk profile better classified as speculative than defensive.

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC, garantita da Morgan Stanley, sta promuovendo le note SX5E Dual Directional Buffered PLUS con scadenza il 1° agosto 2030 (prezzo fissato il 28 luglio 2025, CUSIP 61778K7E1). Le note non garantite sono collegate esclusivamente all'indice EURO STOXX 50 (SX5E) e hanno un valore nominale di 1.000 dollari. I modelli interni della banca stimano un valore approssimativo di 920,20 $ (±55 $), indicando un costo implicito di circa 8 centesimi per dollaro.

La struttura è dual-directional: (i) se l'SX5E termina sopra il livello iniziale, gli investitori ricevono il rendimento positivo dell'indice moltiplicato per un fattore di leva tra il 157% e il 172% (tasso esatto definito al momento del prezzo); (ii) se l'SX5E termina sotto il livello iniziale ma con un calo non superiore al 15%, gli investitori ottengono un “rendimento assoluto” del 100% su tale diminuzione, trasformando una perdita moderata dell'indice in un guadagno sulla nota; (iii) se l'indice scende oltre il buffer del 15%, il capitale è esposto uno a uno, con una perdita massima dell'85%. La nota non paga cedole periodiche e il rimborso dipende esclusivamente dalla data di osservazione unica del 29 luglio 2030.

I rischi principali evidenziati includono l'esposizione creditizia a Morgan Stanley, l'assenza di quotazione in borsa o di liquidità garantita, la valutazione basata su modelli che risulta inferiore al prezzo di emissione, possibili impatti negativi di copertura da parte di affiliati e un trattamento fiscale statunitense incerto. Questi titoli sono adatti a investitori che accettano l'esposizione a MSCI Europe, con orizzonti di lungo termine e la possibilità di perdite di capitale significative in cambio di un potenziale rialzo con leva e una protezione limitata al ribasso.

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC, garantizado por Morgan Stanley, está comercializando las notas SX5E Dual Directional Buffered PLUS con vencimiento el 1 de agosto de 2030 (precio fijado el 28 de julio de 2025, CUSIP 61778K7E1). Las notas no garantizadas están vinculadas exclusivamente al índice EURO STOXX 50 (SX5E) y tienen un valor nominal de 1,000 dólares. Los modelos internos del banco estiman un valor aproximado de 920,20 $ (±55 $), lo que indica un costo implícito de aproximadamente 8 centavos por dólar.

La estructura es dual-directional: (i) si el SX5E termina por encima del nivel inicial, los inversores reciben el rendimiento positivo del índice multiplicado por un factor de apalancamiento entre 157% y 172% (tasa exacta establecida en la fijación del precio); (ii) si el SX5E termina por debajo del nivel inicial pero con una caída de no más del 15%, los inversores obtienen un “rendimiento absoluto” del 100% sobre esa disminución, convirtiendo una pérdida moderada del índice en una ganancia en la nota; (iii) si el índice cae más allá del margen del 15%, el capital está expuesto uno a uno, creando una pérdida máxima del 85%. La nota no paga cupones periódicos y el reembolso depende exclusivamente de la fecha única de observación del 29 de julio de 2030.

Los riesgos clave destacados incluyen la exposición crediticia a Morgan Stanley, la ausencia de cotización en bolsa o liquidez garantizada, la valoración basada en modelos que está por debajo del precio de emisión, posibles impactos adversos de cobertura por parte de afiliados y un tratamiento fiscal estadounidense incierto. Estos valores son adecuados para inversores cómodos con la exposición a MSCI Europe, con horizontes de inversión a largo plazo y la posibilidad de pérdidas de capital sustanciales a cambio de un potencial de ganancia apalancada y protección limitada a la baja.

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC는 Morgan Stanley가 보증하며, SX5E Dual Directional Buffered PLUS 노트를 2030년 8월 1일 만기(2025년 7월 28일 가격 책정, CUSIP 61778K7E1)로 마케팅하고 있습니다. 이 무담보 노트는 EURO STOXX 50 지수(SX5E)에만 연동되며 액면가는 1,000달러입니다. 은행 내부 모델에 따르면 추정 가치는 920.20달러(±55달러)로, 달러당 약 8센트의 내재 비용을 나타냅니다.

구조는 이중 방향성입니다: (i) SX5E가 초기 수준 이상으로 마감하면 투자자는 157%~172%의 레버리지 계수를 곱한 긍정적 지수 수익을 받습니다(정확한 비율은 가격 책정 시 결정); (ii) SX5E가 초기 수준 아래로 마감하지만 15% 이내 하락 시 투자자는 그 하락에 대해 100% “절대 수익”을 얻어 지수의 온건한 손실을 노트의 이익으로 전환합니다; (iii) 지수가 15% 버퍼를 넘어서 하락하면 원금이 1대1로 노출되어 최대 85% 손실이 발생합니다. 노트는 정기 쿠폰을 지급하지 않으며 상환은 2030년 7월 29일 단일 관찰일에만 의존합니다.

주요 위험 요소로는 Morgan Stanley에 대한 신용 노출, 거래소 상장 또는 보장된 유동성 부재, 발행가보다 낮은 모델 기반 평가, 계열사에 의한 불리한 헤징 영향 가능성, 그리고 미국 세금 처리의 불확실성이 포함됩니다. 이 증권은 MSCI Europe 노출에 익숙하고 장기 보유 기간을 견딜 수 있으며, 상당한 자본 손실 가능성을 감수하고 레버리지 상승과 제한된 하방 보호를 원하는 투자자에게 적합합니다.

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC, garantie de Morgan Stanley, commercialise des notes SX5E Dual Directional Buffered PLUS arrivant à échéance le 1er août 2030 (tarification au 28 juillet 2025, CUSIP 61778K7E1). Ces notes non garanties sont uniquement liées à l'indice EURO STOXX 50 (SX5E) et ont une valeur nominale de 1 000 $. Les modèles internes de la banque estiment une valeur approximative de 920,20 $ (±55 $), indiquant un coût implicite d'environ 8 cents par dollar.

La structure est dual-directional : (i) si le SX5E termine au-dessus du niveau initial, les investisseurs reçoivent le rendement positif de l'indice multiplié par un facteur de levier de 157 % à 172 % (taux exact fixé lors de la tarification) ; (ii) si le SX5E termine en dessous du niveau initial mais avec une baisse ne dépassant pas 15 %, les investisseurs obtiennent un rendement absolu de 100 % sur cette baisse, transformant une perte modérée de l'indice en gain sur la note ; (iii) si l'indice chute au-delà de la marge de 15 %, le capital est exposé un pour un, entraînant une perte maximale de 85 %. La note ne verse pas de coupon périodique et le remboursement dépend exclusivement de la date d'observation unique du 29 juillet 2030.

Les principaux risques soulignés incluent l'exposition au crédit de Morgan Stanley, l'absence de cotation en bourse ou de liquidité garantie, une valorisation basée sur des modèles inférieure au prix d'émission, des impacts potentiels défavorables de couverture par des affiliés, ainsi qu'un traitement fiscal américain incertain. Ces titres conviennent aux investisseurs à l'aise avec une exposition MSCI Europe, disposés à un horizon de détention long et à la possibilité de pertes en capital importantes en échange d'un potentiel de hausse avec effet de levier et d'une protection limitée à la baisse.

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC, garantiert von Morgan Stanley, vermarktet SX5E Dual Directional Buffered PLUS Notes mit Fälligkeit am 1. August 2030 (Preisfestsetzung am 28. Juli 2025, CUSIP 61778K7E1). Die unbesicherten Notes sind ausschließlich an den EURO STOXX 50 Index (SX5E) gekoppelt und haben einen Nennwert von 1.000 US-Dollar. Die internen Modelle der Bank schätzen den ungefähren Wert auf 920,20 $ (±55 $), was auf einen eingebetteten Kostenfaktor von etwa 8 Cent pro Dollar hinweist.

Die Struktur ist dual-directional: (i) wenn der SX5E über dem Anfangsniveau schließt, erhalten Anleger die positive Indexrendite multipliziert mit einem Hebelfaktor von 157 % bis 172 % (exakter Satz bei Preisfestsetzung); (ii) wenn der SX5E unter dem Anfangsniveau schließt, aber um nicht mehr als 15 % fällt, erzielen Anleger eine 100 % „Absolute Return“ auf diesen Rückgang, wodurch ein moderater Indexverlust in einen Gewinn auf die Note umgewandelt wird; (iii) fällt der Index über die 15 %-Pufferzone hinaus, ist das Kapital eins zu eins exponiert, was einen maximalen Verlust von 85 % bedeutet. Die Note zahlt keine periodischen Kupons und die Rückzahlung hängt ausschließlich vom einzigen Beobachtungstag am 29. Juli 2030 ab.

Wichtige Risiken umfassen die Kreditexponierung gegenüber Morgan Stanley, das Fehlen einer Börsennotierung oder garantierter Liquidität, modellbasierte Bewertungen, die unter dem Ausgabepreis liegen, potenzielle nachteilige Absicherungswirkungen durch verbundene Unternehmen sowie eine unsichere US-Steuerbehandlung. Die Wertpapiere eignen sich für Anleger, die mit einer MSCI Europe-Exponierung vertraut sind, langfristige Anlagehorizonte haben und bereit sind, erhebliche Kapitalverluste in Kauf zu nehmen, um von einem gehebelten Aufwärtspotenzial und begrenztem Abwärtsschutz zu profitieren.

SEC Form 4
FORM 4 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP

Filed pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
or Section 30(h) of the Investment Company Act of 1940
OMB APPROVAL
OMB Number: 3235-0287
Estimated average burden
hours per response: 0.5
Check this box if no longer subject to Section 16. Form 4 or Form 5 obligations may continue. See Instruction 1(b).
Check this box to indicate that a transaction was made pursuant to a contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of equity securities of the issuer that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c). See Instruction 10.
1. Name and Address of Reporting Person*
Topline Capital Management, LLC

(Last) (First) (Middle)
544 EUCLID STREET

(Street)
SANTA MONICA CA 90402

(City) (State) (Zip)
2. Issuer Name and Ticker or Trading Symbol
Optex Systems Holdings Inc [ OPXS ]
5. Relationship of Reporting Person(s) to Issuer
(Check all applicable)
Director 10% Owner
Officer (give title below) X Other (specify below)
See Explanation in Footnotes
3. Date of Earliest Transaction (Month/Day/Year)
06/26/2025
4. If Amendment, Date of Original Filed (Month/Day/Year)
6. Individual or Joint/Group Filing (Check Applicable Line)
Form filed by One Reporting Person
X Form filed by More than One Reporting Person
Table I - Non-Derivative Securities Acquired, Disposed of, or Beneficially Owned
1. Title of Security (Instr. 3) 2. Transaction Date (Month/Day/Year) 2A. Deemed Execution Date, if any (Month/Day/Year) 3. Transaction Code (Instr. 8) 4. Securities Acquired (A) or Disposed Of (D) (Instr. 3, 4 and 5) 5. Amount of Securities Beneficially Owned Following Reported Transaction(s) (Instr. 3 and 4) 6. Ownership Form: Direct (D) or Indirect (I) (Instr. 4) 7. Nature of Indirect Beneficial Ownership (Instr. 4)
Code V Amount (A) or (D) Price
Common Stock 06/26/2025 S 30,945 D $11.07 748,956 I(1)(2) By Topline Capital Partners, LP(3)
Common Stock 06/27/2025 S 10,000 D $11.26 738,956 I(1)(2) By Topline Capital Partners, LP(3)
Common Stock 06/30/2025 S 47,700 D $11.68 691,256 I(1)(2) By Topline Capital Partners, LP(3)
Table II - Derivative Securities Acquired, Disposed of, or Beneficially Owned
(e.g., puts, calls, warrants, options, convertible securities)
1. Title of Derivative Security (Instr. 3) 2. Conversion or Exercise Price of Derivative Security 3. Transaction Date (Month/Day/Year) 3A. Deemed Execution Date, if any (Month/Day/Year) 4. Transaction Code (Instr. 8) 5. Number of Derivative Securities Acquired (A) or Disposed of (D) (Instr. 3, 4 and 5) 6. Date Exercisable and Expiration Date (Month/Day/Year) 7. Title and Amount of Securities Underlying Derivative Security (Instr. 3 and 4) 8. Price of Derivative Security (Instr. 5) 9. Number of derivative Securities Beneficially Owned Following Reported Transaction(s) (Instr. 4) 10. Ownership Form: Direct (D) or Indirect (I) (Instr. 4) 11. Nature of Indirect Beneficial Ownership (Instr. 4)
Code V (A) (D) Date Exercisable Expiration Date Title Amount or Number of Shares
1. Name and Address of Reporting Person*
Topline Capital Management, LLC

(Last) (First) (Middle)
544 EUCLID STREET

(Street)
SANTA MONICA CA 90402

(City) (State) (Zip)

Relationship of Reporting Person(s) to Issuer
Director 10% Owner
Officer (give title below) X Other (specify below)
See Explanation in Footnotes
1. Name and Address of Reporting Person*
McBirney Collin

(Last) (First) (Middle)
544 EUCLID STREET

(Street)
SANTA MONICA CA 90402

(City) (State) (Zip)

Relationship of Reporting Person(s) to Issuer
Director 10% Owner
Officer (give title below) X Other (specify below)
See Explanation in Footnotes
Explanation of Responses:
1. The reporting persons are (i) Topline Capital Management, LLC, an SEC registered adviser ("TCM"), and (ii) Collin McBirney, TCM's managing member.
2. Each reporting person may be deemed to beneficially own more than 10% of the issuer's outstanding shares of common stock. Each reporting person disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares of common stock reported herein except to the extent of its or his pecuniary interest therein, and this report shall not be deemed to be an admission that any reporting person is the beneficial owner of such shares for purposes of Section 16 or for any other purpose.
3. The shares of common stock reported in Table I on this Form 4 are beneficially owned by Topline Capital Partners, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the "Fund"). As a greater than 10% beneficial owner, the Fund is separately reporting its holdings in the issuer's securities on a Form 4 filed concurrently herewith. Each of TCM, as the investment manager and general partner of the Fund, and Mr. McBirney, as managing member of TCM, may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the shares of common stock beneficially owned by the Fund.
Topline Capital Management, LLC, By: Collin McBirney, its Managing Member 06/30/2025
Collin McBirney 06/30/2025
** Signature of Reporting Person Date
Reminder: Report on a separate line for each class of securities beneficially owned directly or indirectly.
* If the form is filed by more than one reporting person, see Instruction 4 (b)(v).
** Intentional misstatements or omissions of facts constitute Federal Criminal Violations See 18 U.S.C. 1001 and 15 U.S.C. 78ff(a).
Note: File three copies of this Form, one of which must be manually signed. If space is insufficient, see Instruction 6 for procedure.
Persons who respond to the collection of information contained in this form are not required to respond unless the form displays a currently valid OMB Number.

FAQ

What leverage does the Morgan Stanley (MS) SX5E Buffered PLUS provide?

The note offers 157%–172% participation in any positive EURO STOXX 50 return, finalized on the July 28 2025 pricing date.

How does the 15% buffer work on the Morgan Stanley Dual Directional note?

If SX5E falls by up to 15%, investors receive a 100% absolute return on that decline; losses begin only beyond the 15% threshold.

What is the estimated value versus the $1,000 issue price?

Morgan Stanley’s models place the value at $920.20 ± $55, about an 8% discount to face value due to fees and hedging costs.

Does the SX5E Buffered PLUS pay interest during its term?

No. The securities do not pay periodic coupons; all value is delivered at maturity based on SX5E performance.

When is the maturity date and observation date for these notes?

The observation date is 29 July 2030, and payment of principal occurs on the 1 August 2030 maturity date.

Are the notes exchange-listed or easily tradable?

No. The securities will not be listed on any exchange, and secondary market trading may be limited and at unfavorable prices.
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