STOCK TITAN

LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: RAMP) lifts margins and agrees $38.50 sale

(High)
(Neutral)
Form Type
8-K

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

LiveRamp Holdings reported Q1 fiscal 2027 results with total revenue of $214 million, up 10% year-over-year, including subscription revenue of $160 million and Marketplace & Other revenue of $54 million. GAAP gross margin was 71% and non-GAAP gross margin 72%, both stable.

Profitability improved, with GAAP operating income of $20 million versus $7 million a year earlier and non-GAAP operating income of $50 million, up 41%. GAAP diluted EPS was $0.28 compared with $0.12, while non-GAAP diluted EPS was $0.65 versus $0.44. Net cash provided by operating activities was $17 million, compared with a use of $16 million, and free cash flow was $16 million. The company repurchased roughly 0.6 million shares for $18 million and ended the quarter with cash and cash equivalents of $363.5 million.

Operational metrics included subscription net retention of 103%, platform net retention of 106%, 132 customers generating over $1 million in annualized subscription revenue, annualized recurring revenue of $539 million and current remaining performance obligations of $482 million, each up 7%. LiveRamp highlighted new AI-related collaborations with OpenAI, Databricks, Adobe and DoorDash, and reiterated that its all-cash acquisition by Publicis Groupe at $38.50 per share is expected to close before the end of calendar 2026, subject to shareholder approval and other customary conditions, with the shareholder vote scheduled for August 17, 2026.

Positive

  • Revenue up 10% to $214 million in Q1 fiscal 2027, with GAAP operating income rising to $20 million and non-GAAP operating income to $50 million, reflecting much higher profitability than the prior-year quarter.
  • GAAP diluted EPS more than doubled to $0.28 and non-GAAP EPS increased to $0.65, while operating cash flow improved to $17 million from a $16 million use, indicating a stronger earnings profile supported by cash generation.

Negative

  • None.

Filing Explained

This August 5 Form 8-K furnishes LiveRamp’s Q1 fiscal 2027 earnings release under Item 2.02; the release is not treated as filed under Section 18 and is not incorporated by reference into other filings unless expressly stated.

Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition Financial
Disclosure of earnings results, typically an earnings press release or preliminary financials.
Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits Exhibits
Financial statements, pro forma financial information, and exhibit attachments filed with this report.
Total revenue $214 million Q1 fiscal 2027, up 10% year-over-year
GAAP operating income $20 million Q1 fiscal 2027 vs $7 million in Q1 fiscal 2026
Non-GAAP operating income $50 million Q1 fiscal 2027, up 41% year-over-year
GAAP diluted EPS $0.28 Q1 fiscal 2027 vs $0.12 in prior-year quarter
Non-GAAP diluted EPS $0.65 Q1 fiscal 2027 vs $0.44 in prior-year quarter
Net cash from operating activities $17 million Q1 fiscal 2027 vs $(16) million in prior-year quarter
Annualized recurring revenue (ARR) $539 million As of quarter end, up 7% year-over-year
Publicis acquisition price $38.50 per share All-cash transaction valuing LiveRamp's equity
Adjusted EBITDA financial
"Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income from continuing operations before income taxes..."
Adjusted EBITDA is a way companies measure how much money they make from their core operations, like running a business, by removing certain costs or income that aren’t part of regular business activities. It helps investors see how well a company is doing without distractions from unusual expenses or gains, making it easier to compare companies or track performance over time.
Free cash flow financial
"Free cash flow is defined as operating cash flow less capital expenditures."
Free cash flow is the amount of money a company has left over after paying all its expenses and investing in its business, like buying equipment or updating facilities. It shows how much cash is available to reward shareholders, pay down debt, or save for future growth. This helps investors understand if a company is financially healthy and able to grow.
Current remaining performance obligations (CRPO) financial
"CRPO, which is contracted and committed revenue expected to be recognized over the next 12 months..."
Current remaining performance obligations (CRPO) is the part of a company’s signed customer contracts that it has promised to deliver soon but has not yet recognized as revenue. Think of it like a short-term order backlog — it shows upcoming, committed work that should turn into revenue in the near future and helps investors gauge how much sales are already secured, how predictable near-term revenue will be, and whether growth is likely to continue.
Annualized recurring revenue (ARR) financial
"Annualized recurring revenue (ARR), which is the last month of the quarter fixed subscription revenue annualized..."
Annualized recurring revenue (ARR) is the predictable amount of income a business expects to earn from ongoing customer subscriptions or contracts over a year. It provides a clear picture of the company's steady revenue stream, much like estimating the annual salary based on consistent monthly pay. Investors use ARR to gauge the company's growth and stability over time.
non-GAAP financial
"Our non-GAAP financial measures and schedules are not meant to be considered in isolation..."
Non-GAAP refers to financial measures that companies use to show their earnings or performance without including certain expenses or income that are often added back to give a different picture. It matters because it can make a company's results look better or more favorable, but it may also hide important costs, so investors need to look at both GAAP (official rules) and non-GAAP numbers to get a full understanding.
Total revenue $214 million up 10% year-over-year
Subscription revenue $160 million up 8% year-over-year
Marketplace & Other revenue $54 million up 15% year-over-year
GAAP operating income $20 million vs $7 million in prior-year quarter
Non-GAAP operating income $50 million up 41% year-over-year
GAAP diluted EPS $0.28 vs $0.12 in prior-year quarter
Non-GAAP diluted EPS $0.65 vs $0.44 in prior-year quarter
Net cash from operating activities $17 million vs $(16) million in prior-year quarter

AI-generated analysis. How Rhea-AI works. Not financial advice.

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FAQ

What were LiveRamp (RAMP) revenues in Q1 fiscal 2027?

LiveRamp reported Q1 fiscal 2027 revenue of $214 million, up 10% year-over-year. Subscription revenue was $160 million, up 8%, and Marketplace & Other revenue was $54 million, up 15%, showing growth across both primary revenue streams.

How profitable was LiveRamp (RAMP) in Q1 fiscal 2027?

LiveRamp generated GAAP operating income of $20 million, up from $7 million, and non-GAAP operating income of $50 million, up 41%. GAAP diluted EPS was $0.28 versus $0.12, and non-GAAP diluted EPS was $0.65 versus $0.44 a year earlier.

What cash flow did LiveRamp (RAMP) generate in Q1 fiscal 2027?

Net cash provided by operating activities was $17 million, compared with a use of $16 million in the prior-year quarter. Free cash flow was $16 million. LiveRamp ended the quarter with $363.5 million in cash and cash equivalents on its balance sheet.

What is the status of LiveRamp (RAMP) being acquired by Publicis Groupe?

LiveRamp has a definitive agreement to be acquired by Publicis Groupe in an all-cash deal at $38.50 per share. The transaction is expected to close before the end of calendar 2026, subject to customary conditions, with a shareholder vote scheduled for August 17, 2026.

Did LiveRamp (RAMP) repurchase shares in Q1 fiscal 2027?

Yes. LiveRamp repurchased approximately 0.6 million shares during Q1 fiscal 2027 for $18 million. Treasury stock on the balance sheet increased, and diluted weighted average shares fell to 61.8 million from 66.7 million in the prior-year quarter.
FALSE000073326900007332692026-08-052026-08-05

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 8-K
 
CURRENT REPORT
 Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported):   August 5, 2026
LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware001-3866983-1269307
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)(Commission File Number)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
225 Bush Street, Seventeenth Floor
San Francisco, CA
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
94104
(Zip Code)
(888) 987-6764
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.10 Par ValueRAMPNew York Stock Exchange
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the
Exchange Act.






Section 2—Financial Information

Item 2.02    Results of Operations and Financial Condition

On August 5, 2026, LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) issued a press release announcing the results of its financial performance for its first quarter ended June 30, 2026. The press release is furnished herewith as Exhibit 99.1 and incorporated by reference herein.

The information contained in this Item 2.02, including the exhibit attached hereto, is being “furnished” and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act. The information in this Item 2.02 shall not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement or other document pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or into any filing or other document pursuant to the Exchange Act, except as otherwise expressly stated in any such filing.

Section 9—Financial Statements and Exhibits

Item 9.01    Financial Statements and Exhibits
 
(d)    Exhibits
Exhibit NumberDescription
99.1
Press Release of the Company dated August 5, 2026
104Cover Page Interactive Data file (formatted as Inline XBRL)





SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

Dated: August 5, 2026


LiveRamp Holdings, Inc.
By:/s/ Jerry C. Jones
Name:Jerry C. Jones
Title:
EVP, Chief Ethics and Legal Officer and Secretary





LIVERAMP ANNOUNCES RESULTS FOR FIRST QUARTER FISCAL 2027
Revenue increased 10% year-over-year
GAAP operating income more than doubled year-over-year and non-GAAP increased 41%
Publicis Groupe transaction still expected to close before the end of CY26


SAN FRANCISCO, Calif., August 5, 2026—LiveRamp® (NYSE: RAMP), a leading data collaboration platform, today announced its financial results for the quarter ended June 30, 2026.

In light of the pending transaction with Publicis Groupe, LiveRamp will not host an earnings conference call or provide financial guidance in conjunction with this earnings release.

Q1 Financial Highlights
Unless otherwise indicated, all comparisons are to the prior year period.

Total revenue was $214 million, up 10%.

Subscription revenue was $160 million, up 8%.

Marketplace & Other revenue was $54 million, up 15%.

GAAP gross profit was $151 million, up 11%. GAAP gross margin of 71% was stable. Non-GAAP gross profit was $155 million, up 10%. Non-GAAP gross margin of 72% was stable.

GAAP income from operations was $20 million compared to $7 million. GAAP operating margin of 9% expanded by 6 percentage points. Non-GAAP operating income was $50 million, up 41%. Non-GAAP operating margin of 24% expanded by 5 percentage points.

GAAP and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share was $0.28 and $0.65, respectively.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $17 million compared to a use of $16 million.

Share repurchases in the first quarter totaled approximately 0.6 million shares for $18 million.


Commenting on the results, CEO Scott Howe said: "Fiscal 2027 is off to a strong start, with Q1 revenue and operating income ahead of our internal projections. We continue to make good progress with our AI and agentic initiatives with the launch of the LiveRamp Agent Builders Lab and new partnerships with OpenAI, Databricks and Adobe. Finally, our previously announced transaction with Publicis Groupe remains on track to close before the end of calendar 2026."
P 1


GAAP and Non-GAAP Results

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial results for the quarters ended June 30, 2026 and June 30, 2025 ($ in millions, except per share amounts):

GAAPNon-GAAP
Q1 FY27Q1 FY26Q1 FY27Q1 FY26
Subscription revenue$160 $148 ----
YoY change %%10 %----
Marketplace & Other revenue$54 $46 ----
YoY change %15 %13 %----
Total revenue$214 $195 ----
YoY change %10 %11 %----
Gross profit$151 $137 $155 $141 
% Gross margin71 %70 %72 %72 %
YoY change, pts— pts(1) pt— pts(1) pt
Operating income$20 $7 $50 $36 
% Operating margin%%24 %18 %
YoY change, pts6 pts7 pts5 pts3 pts
Net earnings$18 $$40 $30 
Diluted earnings per share$0.28 $0.12 $0.65 $0.44 
Shares to calculate diluted EPS61.8 66.7 61.8 66.7 
YoY change %(7)%%(7)%(3)%
Operating cash flow$17 $(16)
Free cash flow$16 $(16)
Totals and year-over-year changes may not reconcile due to rounding.

A detailed discussion of our non-GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation between GAAP and non-GAAP results is provided in the schedules to this press release.



P 2


Additional Business Highlights & Metrics

On May 17, 2026, LiveRamp announced that it entered into a definitive agreement to be acquired by Publicis Groupe in an all-cash transaction valuing LiveRamp's equity at $38.50 per share. The transaction is expected to close before the end of calendar 2026, subject to customary closing conditions, including approval by LiveRamp shareholders. The Proxy Statement contains additional information about the shareholder vote, which is scheduled for August 17, 2026.

We announced that we now enable marketers with ChatGPT ad campaigns to use LiveRamp’s Conversions API (CAPI) Hub to connect conversion events. Through this implementation, marketers can measure the effects of their ChatGPT ad campaigns on conversions anywhere, immediately improving measurement and optimization (link).

We announced the launch of embedded identity, activation, collaboration, and measurement solutions in Databrick's new Agentic Customer Data Platform, which enables joint customers to unlock intelligence for advertising and marketing (link).

We announced LiveRamp Agent Builders (LAB), a new program to bring more partner-built agents into our network and help marketers use AI to transform planning, activation and measurement. During LAB’s pilot, brands will have access to agents from all of the AI companies participating in the program, enabling customers to focus on finding tools that create value (link).

We announced a new integration with Adobe GenStudio for Commerce Media Networks (CMNs), making commerce purchase data available through LiveRamp’s platform for use in Adobe’s agentic content supply chain — enabling brands to build and launch more targeted campaigns within commerce media networks (link).

We announced a new partnership with DoorDash to enable privacy-centric measurement that matches advertiser data with DoorDash data — surfacing incremental reach and campaign impact (link).

LiveRamp ended the quarter with 132 customers whose annualized subscription revenue exceeds $1 million, compared to 127 in the prior year period.

LiveRamp ended the quarter with 845 direct subscription customers, compared to 835 in the prior year period.

Subscription net retention was 103% and platform net retention was 106%.

Approximately 84% of total subscription revenue was fixed and 16% was usage.

Data Marketplace revenue increased by 13% year-over-year to $40 million.

Annualized recurring revenue (ARR), which is the last month of the quarter fixed subscription revenue annualized, was $539 million, up 7% compared to the prior year period.

Current remaining performance obligations (CRPO), which is contracted and committed revenue expected to be recognized over the next 12 months, was $482 million, up 7% compared to the prior year period.
P 3



About LiveRamp

LiveRamp is a leading data collaboration technology company, empowering marketers and media owners to deliver and measure marketing performance everywhere it matters. LiveRamp’s data collaboration network seamlessly unites data across advertisers, ad tech platforms, publishers, data providers, and commerce media networks—unlocking insights that deliver transformational consumer experiences, and drive measurable business outcomes. As consumers embrace AI-powered experiences, the LiveRamp data collaboration network expands the breadth and accuracy of the data on which marketing AI capabilities operate. Our platform is engineered for AI agent accessibility, facilitating autonomous data collaboration between the specialized AI agents utilized by our customers and partners. Built on a foundation of strict neutrality, interoperability, and global scale, LiveRamp enables organizations to maximize the value of their data while accelerating business growth.

LiveRamp is headquartered in San Francisco, California, with offices worldwide. Learn more at LiveRamp.com.


P 4


Forward-Looking Statements

This communication contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of, and subject to the protections of, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, concerning LiveRamp, Publicis, the proposed transaction and other matters. Forward-looking statements contained herein could include, among other things, statements regarding the anticipated timing of the consummation of the proposed transaction; statements about management’s confidence in and strategies for performance of the combined businesses; expectations for new and existing products, technologies and opportunities; and expectations regarding growth, sales, cash flows, and earnings. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of such terms as “may,” “could,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “likely,” “estimate,” “outlook,” “plan,” “contemplate,” “project,” “target” or other comparable terms. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. Actual results may differ materially from the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside the control of LiveRamp or Publicis. Many factors could cause actual future events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements in this communication including, but not limited to: economic uncertainties that could impact LiveRamp or LiveRamp’s suppliers, customers and partners, geopolitical circumstances, including risk related to tariffs and other trade restrictions, the possibility of a recession, general inflationary pressure and high interest rates; the ability and willingness of LiveRamp’s customers to renew their agreements with LiveRamp upon their expiration; LiveRamp’s ability to add new customers and upsell within LiveRamp’s subscription business; LiveRamp’s reliance upon partners, including data suppliers, who may withdraw or withhold data from LiveRamp; increased competition and rapidly changing technology that could impact LiveRamp’s products and services; LiveRamp’s ability to keep up with rapidly changing technology practices in LiveRamp’s products and services or that expected benefits from utilization of technological innovations (including AI) may not be realized as soon as expected or at all; the risk that LiveRamp fails to realize the potential benefits of or have difficulty integrating acquired businesses; and LiveRamp’s inability to attract, motivate and retain talent. Additional risks include maintaining LiveRamp’s culture and LiveRamp’s ability to innovate and evolve while operating in a hybrid work environment, with some employees working remotely at least some of the time within a rapidly changing industry, while also avoiding disruption from reductions in LiveRamp’s current workforce as well as disruptions resulting from acquisition, divestiture and other activities affecting LiveRamp’s workforce. LiveRamp’s global workforce strategy could possibly encounter difficulty and not be as beneficial as planned. LiveRamp’s international operations are also subject to risks, including the performance of third parties as well as impacts from war and civil unrest, that may harm LiveRamp’s business. The risk of a significant breach of the confidentiality of the information or the security of LiveRamp’s or LiveRamp’s customers’, suppliers’, or other partners’ data and/or computer systems, or the risk that LiveRamp’s current insurance coverage may not be adequate for such a breach, that an insurer might deny coverage for a claim or that such insurance will continue to be available to LiveRamp on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, could be detrimental to LiveRamp’s business, reputation and results of operations. Other business risks include unfavorable publicity and negative public perception about LiveRamp’s industry; interruptions or delays in service from data center or cloud hosting vendors LiveRamp relies upon; and LiveRamp’s dependence on the continued availability of third-party data hosting and transmission services. LiveRamp’s clients’ ability to use data on LiveRamp’s platform could be restricted if the industry’s use of third-party cookies and tracking technology declines due to technology platform changes, regulation or increased user controls. Continued changes in the judicial, legislative, regulatory, accounting, cultural and consumer environments affecting LiveRamp’s business, including but not limited to litigation, investigations, legislation, regulations and customs at the state, federal and international levels relating to information collection and use represents a risk, as well as changes in tax laws and regulations that are applied to LiveRamp’s customers which could cause enterprise software budget tightening. In addition, third parties may claim that LiveRamp is infringing their intellectual property or may infringe LiveRamp’s intellectual property which could result in competitive injury and / or the incurrence of significant costs and draining of LiveRamp’s resources. Factors that could cause actual future events to differ materially from the forward looking-statements in this communication in regard to the proposed transaction concerning LiveRamp and Publicis include, but are not limited to: (1) failure of the closing conditions in the merger agreement to be satisfied, or any unexpected delay in closing the proposed transaction or the occurrence of any event, change, or other circumstance that could give rise to the right of one or multiple of the parties to terminate the definitive agreement between Publicis and LiveRamp; (2) the possibility that the transaction does not close when expected or at all because required regulatory, shareholder, or other approvals are not
received or satisfied on a timely basis or at all; (3) the possibility that the transaction may be more expensive to complete than anticipated, including as a result of unexpected factors or events, including those resulting from the announcement, pendency or completion of the transaction; (4) risks that the new businesses will not be integrated successfully or that the combined companies will not realize estimated cost savings, value of certain tax assets, synergies and growth or that such benefits may take longer to realize than expected; (5) failure to realize anticipated benefits of the combined operations; (6) risks relating to unanticipated costs of integration; (7) ability to hire and retain key personnel; (8) ability to successfully integrate the companies’ businesses; (9) the potential impact of announcement or consummation of the proposed transactions on relationships with third parties, including clients, employees and competitors, including reputational risk; (10) ability to attract new clients and retain existing clients in the manner anticipated; (11) reliance on and integration of information technology systems; (12) suffering reduced profits or losses as a result of intense competition; or (13) potential litigation that may be instituted against LiveRamp or its directors or officers related to the proposed transaction or the merger agreement. The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. You should carefully consider the foregoing factors and the other risks and uncertainties that affect the parties’ businesses, including those described in LiveRamp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2026, in Part I “Cautionary Statements Relevant to Forward-Looking Information” and Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” as updated by subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, which are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and those described in documents Publicis has filed with the Autorité des Marchés Financiers (the French securities regulator). The parties do not undertake, nor do they have, any obligation to provide updates or to revise any forward-looking statements.
P 5


NO OFFER OR SOLICITATION

This communication does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities or a solicitation of any vote or approval, nor shall there be any sale of securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction. No offer of securities shall be made except by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of Section 10 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and applicable regulations.


ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND WHERE TO FIND IT

In connection with the proposed transaction, LiveRamp Holdings, Inc. filed a definitive proxy statement with the SEC relating to the proposed transaction on July 6, 2026 (the “proxy statement”). LiveRamp commenced mailing of the proxy statement to its shareholders on or about July 8, 2026. This communication is not a substitute for the proxy statement or any other document that LiveRamp has filed or may file with the SEC in connection with the proposed transaction. BEFORE MAKING ANY VOTING DECISION, INVESTORS AND SECURITY HOLDERS ARE URGED TO READ THE PROXY STATEMENT AND ANY OTHER DOCUMENTS THAT ARE FILED OR WILL BE FILED WITH THE SEC IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROPOSED TRANSACTION OR INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN THE PROXY STATEMENT WHEN THEY BECOME AVAILABLE WITH THE SEC BECAUSE THEY CONTAIN OR WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROPOSED TRANSACTION. Any vote in respect of resolutions to be proposed at LiveRamp’s shareholder meeting to approve the proposed transaction should be made only on the basis of the information contained in LiveRamp’s proxy statement and documents incorporated by reference therein. Investors and security holders may obtain free copies of these documents (when they are available) and other related documents filed with the SEC at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov or on LiveRamp’s website at www.liveramp.com.


PARTICIPANTS IN THE SOLICITATION

Publicis, LiveRamp and their respective directors and certain of their respective executive officers may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation of proxies from the shareholders of LiveRamp in respect of the proposed transactions contemplated by the proxy statement. Information regarding the persons who are, under the rules of the SEC, participants in the solicitation of the shareholders of LiveRamp in connection with the proposed transaction, including a description of their direct or indirect interests, by security holdings or otherwise, is set forth in the proxy statement. Information about the directors and executive officers of LiveRamp and their ownership of shares of LiveRamp common stock and other securities of LiveRamp can be found in the sections entitled “Nominees and Continuing Directors,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Compensation Tables,” “Non-Employee Director Compensation” and “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” included in the proxy statement; in the Form 3 and Form 4 initial statements of beneficial ownership and statements of changes in beneficial ownership filed with the SEC by LiveRamp’s directors and executive officers; and in other documents subsequently filed by LiveRamp with the SEC. Investors and security holders may obtain free copies of these documents and other related documents filed with the SEC at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov or on LiveRamp’s website at www.liveramp.com.

P 6



The financial information set forth in this press release reflects estimates based on information available at this time.

LiveRamp assumes no obligation and does not currently intend to update these forward-looking statements.

To automatically receive LiveRamp financial news by email, please visit www.LiveRamp.com and subscribe to email alerts.


For more information, contact:
LiveRamp Investor Relations
Investor.Relations@LiveRamp.com


LiveRamp and RampIDTM and all other LiveRamp marks contained herein are trademarks or service marks of LiveRamp, Inc. All other marks are the property of their respective owners.
P 7


LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
For the three months ended June 30,
$%
20262025VarianceVariance
Revenues213,986 194,822 19,164 9.8 %
Cost of revenue63,043 58,319 4,724 8.1 %
Gross profit150,943 136,503 14,440 10.6 %
% Gross margin70.5 %70.1 %
Operating expenses
Research and development37,134 39,608 (2,474)(6.2)%
Sales and marketing51,934 51,906 28 0.1 %
General and administrative35,149 37,345 (2,196)(5.9)%
Gains, losses and other items, net6,563 423 6,140 N/A
Total operating expenses130,780 129,282 1,498 1.2 %
Income from operations20,163 7,221 12,942 179.2 %
% Margin9.4 %3.7 %
Total other income, net3,091 3,709 (618)(16.7)%
Income from continuing operations before income taxes23,254 10,930 12,324 112.8 %
Income tax expense5,739 3,183 2,556 80.3 %
Net earnings17,515 7,747 9,768 126.1 %
Basic earnings per share0.29 0.12 0.17 144.6 %
Diluted earnings per share0.28 0.12 0.17 143.9 %
Basic weighted average shares60,506 65,448 
Diluted weighted average shares61,846 66,731 
Some totals may not sum due to rounding.
P 8


LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP EPS (1)
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
For the three months ended June 30,
20262025
Income from continuing operations before income taxes23,254 10,930 
Income tax expense5,739 3,183 
Net earnings17,515 7,747 
Basic earnings per share0.29 0.12 
Diluted earnings per share0.28 0.12 
Excluded items:
Purchased intangible asset amortization (cost of revenue)2,750 2,750 
Non-cash stock compensation (cost of revenue and operating expenses)20,942 25,410 
Restructuring and merger charges (gains, losses, and other)6,563 423 
 Total excluded items from continuing operations30,255 28,583 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and excluding items53,509 39,513 
Income tax expense (2)13,378 9,878 
Non-GAAP net earnings from continuing operations40,131 29,635 
Non-GAAP earnings per share from continuing operations
Basic0.66 0.45 
Diluted0.65 0.44 
Basic weighted average shares60,506 65,448 
Diluted weighted average shares61,846 66,731 
(1) This presentation includes non-GAAP measures. Our non-GAAP measures are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable GAAP measures, and should be read only in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. For a detailed explanation of the adjustments made to comparable GAAP measures, the reasons why management uses these measures and the material limitations on the usefulness of these measures, please see Appendix A.
(2) Non-GAAP income taxes were calculated by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date pretax income. The differences between our GAAP and non-GAAP income taxes were primarily due to the net tax effects of the excluded items.
P 9


LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP INCOME FROM OPERATIONS (1)
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)
For the three months ended June 30,
20262025
Income from operations20,163 7,221 
Operating income margin9.4 %3.7 %
Excluded items:
Purchased intangible asset amortization (cost of revenue)2,750 2,750 
Non-cash stock compensation (cost of revenue and operating expenses)20,942 25,410 
Restructuring and merger charges (gains, losses, and other)6,563 423 
Total excluded items30,255 28,583 
Income from operations before excluded items50,418 35,804 
Non-GAAP operating income margin23.6 %18.4 %
(1) This presentation includes non-GAAP measures. Our non-GAAP measures are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable GAAP measures, and should be read only in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. For a detailed explanation of the adjustments made to comparable GAAP measures, the reasons why management uses these measures and the material limitations on the usefulness of these measures, please see Appendix A.
P 10


LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RECONCILIATION OF ADJUSTED EBITDA (1)
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)
For the three months ended June 30,
20262025
Net earnings from continuing operations17,515 7,747 
Income tax expense5,739 3,183 
Total other income, net(3,091)(3,709)
Income from operations20,163 7,221 
Depreciation and amortization3,330 3,389 
EBITDA23,493 10,610 
Other adjustments:
Non-cash stock compensation (cost of revenue and operating expenses)20,942 25,410 
Restructuring and merger charges (gains, losses, and other)6,563 423 
Other adjustments27,505 25,833 
Adjusted EBITDA50,998 36,443 
(1) This presentation includes non-GAAP measures. Our non-GAAP measures are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable GAAP measures, and should be read only in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. For a detailed explanation of the adjustments made to comparable GAAP measures, the reasons why management uses these measures, the usefulness of these measures and the material limitations on the usefulness of these measures, please see Appendix A.
P 11


LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands)
June 30,March 31,$%
20262026VarianceVariance
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents363,523 379,547 (16,024)(4.2)%
Short-term investments7,500 7,500 — — %
Trade accounts receivable, net216,711 212,977 3,734 1.8 %
Refundable income taxes, net6,179 10,243 (4,064)(39.7)%
Other current assets41,764 42,874 (1,110)(2.6)%
Total current assets635,677 653,141 (17,464)(2.7)%
Property and equipment23,673 23,396 277 1.2 %
Less - accumulated depreciation and amortization18,294 18,246 48 0.3 %
Property and equipment, net5,379 5,150 229 4.4 %
Intangible assets, net6,417 9,167 (2,750)(30.0)%
Goodwill502,023 502,067 (44)— %
Deferred commissions, net39,002 40,727 (1,725)(4.2)%
Deferred income taxes58,009 57,873 136 0.2 %
Other assets, net32,304 26,052 6,252 24.0 %
1,278,811 1,294,177 (15,366)(1.2)%
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable128,654 129,730 (1,076)(0.8)%
Accrued payroll and related expenses23,318 55,063 (31,745)(57.7)%
Other accrued expenses42,000 40,280 1,720 4.3 %
Deferred revenue45,265 39,714 5,551 14.0 %
Total current liabilities239,237 264,787 (25,550)(9.6)%
Other liabilities62,177 57,411 4,766 8.3 %
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock— — — n/a
Common stock16,315 16,183 132 0.8 %
Additional paid-in capital2,152,227 2,129,554 22,673 1.1 %
Retained earnings1,476,825 1,459,310 17,515 1.2 %
Accumulated other comprehensive income5,614 5,640 (26)(0.5)%
Treasury stock, at cost(2,673,584)(2,638,708)(34,876)1.3 %
Total stockholders' equity977,397 971,979 5,418 0.6 %
1,278,811 1,294,177 (15,366)(1.2)%
P 12



LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)
For the three months ended June 30,
20262025
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings17,515 7,747 
Non-cash operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization3,330 3,389 
Loss on disposal or impairment of assets119 
Lease-related impairment and restructuring charges— 274 
Gain on sale of strategic investments— (14)
Loss (gain) on marketable equity securities38 (141)
Provision for doubtful accounts284 1,256 
Deferred income taxes(90)112 
Non-cash stock compensation expense20,942 25,410 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net(4,021)(34,265)
Deferred commissions1,725 670 
Other assets2,510 5,284 
Accounts payable and other liabilities(37,255)(35,861)
Income taxes6,463 4,482 
Deferred revenue5,567 5,717 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities17,016 (15,821)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures(703)(336)
Proceeds from sale of strategic investment— 14 
Net cash used in investing activities(703)(917)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds related to the issuance of common stock under stock and employee benefit plans2,552 5,920 
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings upon vesting of stock-based awards(17,323)(10,845)
Acquisition of treasury stock(17,553)(29,872)
Net cash used in financing activities(32,324)(34,797)
Net cash used in continuing operations(16,011)(51,535)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash(13)1,221 
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(16,024)(50,314)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period379,547 413,926 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period363,523 363,612 
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash received for income taxes, net(639)(1,414)
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities2,610 2,474 
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities5,715 576 
Purchases of property, plant and equipment remaining unpaid at period end158 189 
P 13


LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CALCULATION OF FREE CASH FLOW (1)
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)
FY2026FY2027
6/30/20259/30/202512/31/20253/31/2026FY20266/30/2026
Net cash provided by operating activities$(15,821)$57,408 $67,266 $58,902 $167,755 $17,016 
Less:
Capital expenditures(336)(589)(162)(289)(1,376)(703)
Free Cash Flow$(16,157)$56,819 $67,104 $58,613 $166,379 $16,313 
(1) This presentation includes non-GAAP measures. Our non-GAAP measures are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable GAAP measures, and should be read only in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. For a detailed explanation of the adjustments made to comparable GAAP measures, the reasons why management uses these measures and the material limitations on the usefulness of these measures, please see Appendix A.
P 14





LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Qtr-to-Qtr
FY2026FY2027FY2027 to FY2026
6/30/20259/30/202512/31/20253/31/2026FY20266/30/2026%$
Revenues194,822 199,829 212,197 206,092 812,940 213,986 9.8 %19,164 
Cost of revenue58,319 59,594 59,656 60,548 238,117 63,043 8.1 %4,724 
Gross profit136,503 140,235 152,541 145,544 574,823 150,943 10.6 %14,440 
% Gross margin70.1 %70.2 %71.9 %70.6 %70.7 %70.5 %
Operating expenses
Research and development39,608 36,952 33,823 37,756 148,139 37,134 (6.2)%(2,474)
Sales and marketing51,906 48,685 48,864 56,192 205,647 51,934 0.1 %28 
General and administrative37,345 33,170 29,078 32,988 132,581 35,149 (5.9)%(2,196)
Gains, losses and other items, net423 — 1,252 3,315 4,990 6,563 1,451.5 %6,140 
Total operating expenses129,282 118,807 113,017 130,251 491,357 130,780 1.2 %1,498 
Income from operations7,221 21,428 39,524 15,293 83,466 20,163 179.2 %12,942 
% Margin3.7 %10.7 %18.6 %7.4 %10.3 %32.0 %
Total other income, net3,709 3,544 3,378 3,967 14,598 3,091 (16.7)%(618)
Income from continuing operations before income taxes10,930 24,972 42,902 19,260 98,064 23,254 112.8 %12,324 
Income tax expense (benefit)3,183 (2,448)3,029 (50,476)(46,712)5,739 80.3 %2,556 
Net earnings from continuing operations7,747 27,420 39,873 69,736 144,776 17,515 126.1 %9,768 
Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax— — — 1,176 1,176 — — %— 
Net earnings$7,747 $27,420 $39,873 $70,912 $145,952 $17,515 126.1 %9,768 
Basic earnings per share:
Continuing Operations0.12 0.42 0.63 1.12 2.26 0.29 144.6 %0.17 
Discontinued Operations0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 — %— 
Basic earnings per share0.12 0.42 0.63 1.14 2.28 0.29 144.6 %0.17 
Diluted earnings per share:
Continuing Operations0.12 0.42 0.62 1.10 2.23 0.28 143.9 %0.17 
Discontinued Operations0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 — %— 
Diluted earnings per share0.12 0.42 0.62 1.12 2.24 0.28 143.9 %0.17 
Basic weighted average shares65,448 65,074 63,517 62,382 64,105 60,506
Diluted weighted average shares66,731 65,781 64,285 63,382 65,045 61,846
Some earnings (loss) per share amounts may not add due to rounding.
P 15


LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP EXPENSES (1)
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)
FY2026FY2027
6/30/20259/30/202512/31/20253/31/2026FY20266/30/2026
Expenses:
Cost of revenue58,319 59,594 59,656 60,548 238,117 63,043 
Research and development39,608 36,952 33,823 37,756 148,139 37,134 
Sales and marketing51,906 48,685 48,864 56,192 205,647 51,934 
General and administrative37,345 33,170 29,078 32,988 132,581 35,149 
Gains, losses and other items, net423 — 1,252 3,315 4,990 6,563 
Gross profit, continuing operations:136,503 140,235 152,541 145,544 574,823 150,943 
% Gross margin70.1 %70.2 %71.9 %70.6 %70.7 %70.5 %
Excluded items:
Purchased intangible asset amortization (cost of revenue)2,750 2,750 2,750 2,750 11,000 2,750 
Non-cash stock compensation (cost of revenue)1,541 1,452 1,033 891 4,917 1,097 
Non-cash stock compensation (research and development)8,332 6,503 5,634 5,093 25,562 5,829 
Non-cash stock compensation (sales and marketing)6,014 5,469 5,018 6,419 22,920 3,975 
Non-cash stock compensation (general and administrative)9,523 7,093 6,446 6,527 29,589 10,041 
Restructuring charges (gains, losses, and other)423 — 1,252 3,315 4,990 6,563 
Total excluded items28,583 23,267 22,133 24,995 98,978 30,255 
Expenses, excluding items:
Cost of revenue54,028 55,392 55,873 56,907 222,200 59,196 
Research and development31,276 30,449 28,189 32,663 122,577 31,305 
Sales and marketing45,892 43,216 43,846 49,773 182,727 47,959 
General and administrative27,822 26,077 22,632 26,461 102,992 25,108 
Gross profit, excluding items:140,794 144,437 156,324 149,185 590,740 154,790 
% Gross margin72.3 %72.3 %73.7 %72.4 %72.7 %72.3 %
(1) This presentation includes non-GAAP measures. Our non-GAAP measures are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable GAAP measures, and should be read only in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. For a detailed explanation of the adjustments made to comparable GAAP measures, the reasons why management uses these measures, the usefulness of these measures and the material limitations on the usefulness of these measures, please see Appendix A.




P 16


LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP EPS (1)
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
FY2026FY2027
6/30/20259/30/202512/31/20253/31/2026FY20266/30/2026
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes10,930 24,972 42,902 19,260 98,064 23,254 
Income tax expense (benefit)3,183 (2,448)3,029 (50,476)(46,712)5,739 
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations7,747 27,420 39,873 69,736 144,776 17,515 
Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax— — — 1,176 1,176 — 
Net earnings (loss)7,747 27,420 39,873 70,912 145,952 17,515 
Earnings (loss) per share:
Basic0.12 0.42 0.63 1.14 2.28 0.29 
Diluted0.12 0.42 0.62 1.12 2.24 0.28 
Excluded items:
Purchased intangible asset amortization (cost of revenue)2,750 2,750 2,750 2,750 11,000 2,750 
Non-cash stock compensation (cost of revenue and operating expenses)25,410 20,517 18,131 18,930 82,988 20,942 
Restructuring and merger charges (gains, losses, and other)423 — 1,252 3,315 4,990 6,563 
Total excluded items from continuing operations28,583 23,267 22,133 24,995 98,978 30,255 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and excluding items39,513 48,239 65,035 44,255 197,042 53,509 
Income tax expense9,878 12,060 16,259 11,064 49,261 13,378 
Non-GAAP net earnings from continuing operations29,635 36,179 48,776 33,191 147,781 40,131 
Non-GAAP earnings per share from continuing operations
Basic0.45 0.56 0.77 0.53 2.31 0.66 
Diluted0.44 0.55 0.76 0.52 2.27 0.65 
Basic weighted average shares65,448 65,074 63,517 62,382 64,105 60,506 
Diluted weighted average shares66,731 65,781 64,285 63,382 65,045 61,846 
Some totals may not add due to rounding
(1) This presentation includes non-GAAP measures. Our non-GAAP measures are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable GAAP measures, and should be read only in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. For a detailed explanation of the adjustments made to comparable GAAP measures, the reasons why management uses these measures and the material limitations on the usefulness of these measures, please see Appendix A.
P 17


APPENDIX A
LIVERAMP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Q1 FISCAL 2027 FINANCIAL RESULTS
EXPLANATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES AND OTHER KEY METRICS
To supplement our financial results, we use non-GAAP measures which exclude certain acquisition related expenses, non-cash stock compensation and restructuring charges. We believe these measures are helpful in understanding our past performance and our future results. Our non-GAAP financial measures and schedules are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable GAAP measures and should be read only in conjunction with our consolidated GAAP financial statements. Our management regularly uses these non-GAAP financial measures internally to understand, manage and evaluate our business and to make operating decisions. These measures are among the primary factors management uses in planning for and forecasting future periods. Compensation of our executives is also based in part on the performance of our business based on these non-GAAP measures.
Our non-GAAP financial measures, including non-GAAP earnings (loss) per share, non-GAAP income (loss) from operations, non-GAAP operating income (loss) margin, non-GAAP expenses and adjusted EBITDA reflect adjustments based on the following items, as well as the related income tax effects when applicable:
Purchased intangible asset amortization: We incur amortization of purchased intangibles in connection with our acquisitions. Purchased intangibles include (i) developed technology, (ii) customer and publisher relationships, and (iii) trade names. We expect to amortize for accounting purposes the fair value of the purchased intangibles based on the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets will be consumed as revenue is generated. Although the intangible assets generate revenue for us, we exclude this item because this expense is non-cash in nature and because we believe the non-GAAP financial measures excluding this item provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our operational performance.
Non-cash stock compensation: Non-cash stock compensation consists of charges for employee restricted stock units, performance shares and stock options in accordance with current GAAP related to stock-based compensation including expense associated with stock-based compensation related to unvested options assumed in connection with our acquisitions. As we apply stock-based compensation standards, we believe that it is useful to investors to understand the impact of the application of these standards to our operational performance. Although stock-based compensation expense is calculated in accordance with current GAAP and constitutes an ongoing and recurring expense, such expense is excluded from non-GAAP results because it is not an expense that typically requires or will require cash settlement by us and because such expense is not used by us to assess the core profitability of our business operations.
Restructuring charges: During the past several years, we have initiated certain restructuring activities in order to align our costs in connection with both our operating plans and our business strategies based on then-current economic conditions. As a result, we recognized costs related to termination benefits for employees whose positions were eliminated, lease and other contract termination charges, and asset impairments. These items, as well as third party expenses associated with business acquisitions in the prior years, reported as gains, losses, and other items, net, are excluded from non-GAAP results because such amounts are not used by us to assess the core profitability of our business operations.
Transformation costs: In previous years, we incurred significant expenses to separate the financial statements of our operating segments, with particular focus on segment-level balance sheets, and to evaluate portfolio priorities. Our criteria for excluding transformation expenses from our non-GAAP measures is as follows: 1) projects are discrete in nature; 2) excluded expenses consist only of third-party consulting fees that we would not incur otherwise; and 3) we do not exclude employee related expenses or other costs associated with the ongoing operations of our business. We substantially completed those projects during the third quarter of fiscal year 2018. Beginning in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, and through most of fiscal 2019, we incurred transaction support expenses and system separation costs related to the Company's announced evaluation of strategic options for its Marketing Solutions (AMS) business. In the first and second quarters of fiscal 2021 in response to the potential COVID-19 pandemic impact on our business and again during fiscal 2023 in response to macroeconomic conditions, we incurred significant costs associated with the assessment of strategic and operating plans, including our long-term location strategy, and assistance in implementing the restructuring activities as a result of this assessment.  Our criteria for excluding these costs are the same. We believe excluding these items from our non-GAAP financial measures is useful for investors and provides meaningful supplemental information.
Our non-GAAP financial schedules are:
Non-GAAP EPS, Non-GAAP Income from Operations, and Non-GAAP expenses: Our Non-GAAP earnings per share, Non-GAAP income from operations, Non-GAAP operating income margin, and Non-GAAP expenses reflect adjustments as described above, as well as the related tax effects where applicable.
Adjusted EBITDA: Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income from continuing operations before income taxes, other income and expenses, depreciation and amortization, and including adjustments as described above. We use Adjusted EBITDA to measure our performance from period to period both at the consolidated level as well as within our operating segments and to compare our results to those of our competitors. We believe that the inclusion of Adjusted EBITDA provides useful supplementary information to and facilitates analysis by investors in evaluating the Company's performance and trends. The presentation of Adjusted EBITDA is not meant to be considered in isolation or as an alternative to net earnings as an indicator of our performance.
Free Cash Flow: To supplement our statement of cash flows, we use a non-GAAP measure of cash flow to analyze cash flows generated from operations. Free cash flow is defined as operating cash flow less capital expenditures. Management believes that this measure of cash flow is meaningful since it represents the amount of money available from continuing operations for the Company's discretionary spending. The presentation of non-GAAP free cash flow is not meant to be considered in isolation or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity.
P 18

Filing Exhibits & Attachments

4 documents