STOCK TITAN

[10-Q] Ribbon Communications Inc. Quarterly Earnings Report

Filing Impact
(Moderate)
Filing Sentiment
(Neutral)
Form Type
10-Q
Rhea-AI Filing Summary

Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (HOV) – Form 144/A

A shareholder intends to sell 750 Class A shares via Fidelity Brokerage Services on or about 8 Jul 2025. Based on the referenced market price, the lot is valued at $84,943. With roughly 5.07 million Class A shares outstanding, the proposed sale equals just 0.015 % of the class, implying negligible dilution or market impact.

The shares originated from restricted-stock vesting on 14 Jun 2024, reflecting compensation rather than an investment disposal. The same filer already sold another 750-share block on 7 Jul 2025 for $82,491. The signer attests to possessing no undisclosed adverse information about the issuer.

No operational, earnings or guidance data accompany the filing; it is a routine compliance notice that should have minimal effect on HOV’s valuation unless followed by larger insider activity.

Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (HOV) – Modulo 144/A

Un azionista intende vendere 750 azioni di Classe A tramite Fidelity Brokerage Services intorno al 8 luglio 2025. Basandosi sul prezzo di mercato indicato, il lotto ha un valore di 84.943 $. Con circa 5,07 milioni di azioni di Classe A in circolazione, la vendita proposta rappresenta solo lo 0,015% della classe, implicando un impatto trascurabile su diluizione o mercato.

Le azioni derivano da un vesting di azioni vincolate avvenuto il 14 giugno 2024, riflettendo una compensazione piuttosto che una cessione di investimento. Lo stesso soggetto ha già venduto un altro blocco di 750 azioni il 7 luglio 2025 per 82.491 $. Il firmatario dichiara di non possedere informazioni negative non divulgate sull’emittente.

Non sono presenti dati operativi, di utili o guidance nel modulo; si tratta di una comunicazione di conformità di routine che dovrebbe avere un effetto minimo sulla valutazione di HOV, salvo attività insider più rilevanti a seguire.

Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (HOV) – Formulario 144/A

Un accionista planea vender 750 acciones Clase A a través de Fidelity Brokerage Services alrededor del 8 de julio de 2025. Según el precio de mercado referenciado, el lote tiene un valor de 84,943 $. Con aproximadamente 5.07 millones de acciones Clase A en circulación, la venta propuesta representa solo el 0.015% de la clase, lo que implica una dilución o impacto en el mercado insignificante.

Las acciones provienen de un vesting de acciones restringidas el 14 de junio de 2024, reflejando una compensación más que una disposición de inversión. El mismo declarante ya vendió otro bloque de 750 acciones el 7 de julio de 2025 por 82,491 $. El firmante declara no poseer información adversa no divulgada sobre el emisor.

No se acompañan datos operativos, de ganancias o pronósticos en la presentación; es un aviso rutinario de cumplimiento que debería tener un efecto mínimo en la valoración de HOV, a menos que se produzca una actividad interna mayor posteriormente.

호브나니언 엔터프라이즈, Inc. (HOV) – Form 144/A

한 주주가 2025년 7월 8일경 Fidelity Brokerage Services를 통해 클래스 A 주식 750주를 매도할 예정입니다. 참조된 시장 가격에 따르면 해당 주식의 가치는 84,943달러입니다. 약 507만 주의 클래스 A 주식이 발행된 상태에서 이번 매도는 클래스 전체의 단지 0.015%에 해당해 희석 효과나 시장 영향은 거의 없습니다.

해당 주식은 2024년 6월 14일 제한 주식 베스팅에서 발생한 것으로, 투자 처분이 아닌 보상 성격입니다. 동일한 신고인은 이미 2025년 7월 7일에 750주를 또 매도하여 82,491달러를 받았습니다. 서명자는 발행자에 대한 미공개 부정 정보가 없음을 증명합니다.

운영, 수익 또는 가이던스 데이터는 포함되어 있지 않으며, 이는 일상적인 준수 통지로 HOV 평가에 미미한 영향만 미칠 것으로 보입니다. 단, 대규모 내부자 거래가 뒤따를 경우는 예외입니다.

Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (HOV) – Formulaire 144/A

Un actionnaire a l’intention de vendre 750 actions de Classe A via Fidelity Brokerage Services aux alentours du 8 juillet 2025. Sur la base du prix de marché indiqué, le lot est évalué à 84 943 $. Avec environ 5,07 millions d’actions de Classe A en circulation, la vente proposée représente seulement 0,015 % de la catégorie, ce qui implique une dilution ou un impact de marché négligeable.

Les actions proviennent d’un vesting d’actions restreintes le 14 juin 2024, reflétant une rémunération plutôt qu’une cession d’investissement. Le même déclarant a déjà vendu un autre bloc de 750 actions le 7 juillet 2025 pour 82 491 $. Le signataire atteste ne pas détenir d’informations défavorables non divulguées concernant l’émetteur.

Aucune donnée opérationnelle, de résultats ou de prévisions n’accompagne le dépôt ; il s’agit d’un avis de conformité de routine qui devrait avoir un impact minimal sur la valorisation de HOV, sauf en cas d’activités d’initiés plus importantes par la suite.

Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (HOV) – Formular 144/A

Ein Aktionär beabsichtigt, etwa am 8. Juli 2025 750 Class A Aktien über Fidelity Brokerage Services zu verkaufen. Basierend auf dem angegebenen Marktpreis hat das Paket einen Wert von 84.943 $. Bei rund 5,07 Millionen ausstehenden Class A Aktien entspricht der geplante Verkauf nur 0,015 % der Klasse, was auf eine vernachlässigbare Verwässerung oder Markteinwirkung hinweist.

Die Aktien stammen aus dem Restricted-Stock-Vesting am 14. Juni 2024 und spiegeln eine Vergütung und keine Investitionsveräußerung wider. Derselbe Meldende hat bereits am 7. Juli 2025 einen weiteren Block von 750 Aktien für 82.491 $ verkauft. Der Unterzeichner bestätigt, keine nicht offengelegten negativen Informationen über den Emittenten zu besitzen.

Es sind keine operativen, Gewinn- oder Prognosedaten mit der Meldung verbunden; es handelt sich um eine routinemäßige Compliance-Mitteilung, die minimalen Einfluss auf die Bewertung von HOV haben sollte, sofern nicht größere Insideraktivitäten folgen.

Positive
  • None.
Negative
  • Insider is selling shares, which can be interpreted as a mildly negative signal even though the volume is immaterial

Insights

TL;DR: De minimis insider sale; no material change to investment thesis.

The proposed disposition amounts to roughly 0.015 % of HOV’s Class A float—far below any threshold that typically moves price or signals broad insider sentiment. Proceeds near $85 k suggest ordinary liquidity, especially given prior day’s matching sale. Absence of accompanying business updates limits informational value. I view the filing as routine with negligible impact on valuation or liquidity.

TL;DR: Filing reflects standard Rule 144 compliance; governance posture unchanged.

The issuer and filer adhered to Rule 144 disclosure, listing acquisition source (restricted-stock vesting) and broker details. Affirmation of no undisclosed material facts supports transparency. Size of sale is immaterial to control considerations and does not raise governance red flags. Overall effect: neutral.

Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (HOV) – Modulo 144/A

Un azionista intende vendere 750 azioni di Classe A tramite Fidelity Brokerage Services intorno al 8 luglio 2025. Basandosi sul prezzo di mercato indicato, il lotto ha un valore di 84.943 $. Con circa 5,07 milioni di azioni di Classe A in circolazione, la vendita proposta rappresenta solo lo 0,015% della classe, implicando un impatto trascurabile su diluizione o mercato.

Le azioni derivano da un vesting di azioni vincolate avvenuto il 14 giugno 2024, riflettendo una compensazione piuttosto che una cessione di investimento. Lo stesso soggetto ha già venduto un altro blocco di 750 azioni il 7 luglio 2025 per 82.491 $. Il firmatario dichiara di non possedere informazioni negative non divulgate sull’emittente.

Non sono presenti dati operativi, di utili o guidance nel modulo; si tratta di una comunicazione di conformità di routine che dovrebbe avere un effetto minimo sulla valutazione di HOV, salvo attività insider più rilevanti a seguire.

Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (HOV) – Formulario 144/A

Un accionista planea vender 750 acciones Clase A a través de Fidelity Brokerage Services alrededor del 8 de julio de 2025. Según el precio de mercado referenciado, el lote tiene un valor de 84,943 $. Con aproximadamente 5.07 millones de acciones Clase A en circulación, la venta propuesta representa solo el 0.015% de la clase, lo que implica una dilución o impacto en el mercado insignificante.

Las acciones provienen de un vesting de acciones restringidas el 14 de junio de 2024, reflejando una compensación más que una disposición de inversión. El mismo declarante ya vendió otro bloque de 750 acciones el 7 de julio de 2025 por 82,491 $. El firmante declara no poseer información adversa no divulgada sobre el emisor.

No se acompañan datos operativos, de ganancias o pronósticos en la presentación; es un aviso rutinario de cumplimiento que debería tener un efecto mínimo en la valoración de HOV, a menos que se produzca una actividad interna mayor posteriormente.

호브나니언 엔터프라이즈, Inc. (HOV) – Form 144/A

한 주주가 2025년 7월 8일경 Fidelity Brokerage Services를 통해 클래스 A 주식 750주를 매도할 예정입니다. 참조된 시장 가격에 따르면 해당 주식의 가치는 84,943달러입니다. 약 507만 주의 클래스 A 주식이 발행된 상태에서 이번 매도는 클래스 전체의 단지 0.015%에 해당해 희석 효과나 시장 영향은 거의 없습니다.

해당 주식은 2024년 6월 14일 제한 주식 베스팅에서 발생한 것으로, 투자 처분이 아닌 보상 성격입니다. 동일한 신고인은 이미 2025년 7월 7일에 750주를 또 매도하여 82,491달러를 받았습니다. 서명자는 발행자에 대한 미공개 부정 정보가 없음을 증명합니다.

운영, 수익 또는 가이던스 데이터는 포함되어 있지 않으며, 이는 일상적인 준수 통지로 HOV 평가에 미미한 영향만 미칠 것으로 보입니다. 단, 대규모 내부자 거래가 뒤따를 경우는 예외입니다.

Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (HOV) – Formulaire 144/A

Un actionnaire a l’intention de vendre 750 actions de Classe A via Fidelity Brokerage Services aux alentours du 8 juillet 2025. Sur la base du prix de marché indiqué, le lot est évalué à 84 943 $. Avec environ 5,07 millions d’actions de Classe A en circulation, la vente proposée représente seulement 0,015 % de la catégorie, ce qui implique une dilution ou un impact de marché négligeable.

Les actions proviennent d’un vesting d’actions restreintes le 14 juin 2024, reflétant une rémunération plutôt qu’une cession d’investissement. Le même déclarant a déjà vendu un autre bloc de 750 actions le 7 juillet 2025 pour 82 491 $. Le signataire atteste ne pas détenir d’informations défavorables non divulguées concernant l’émetteur.

Aucune donnée opérationnelle, de résultats ou de prévisions n’accompagne le dépôt ; il s’agit d’un avis de conformité de routine qui devrait avoir un impact minimal sur la valorisation de HOV, sauf en cas d’activités d’initiés plus importantes par la suite.

Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. (HOV) – Formular 144/A

Ein Aktionär beabsichtigt, etwa am 8. Juli 2025 750 Class A Aktien über Fidelity Brokerage Services zu verkaufen. Basierend auf dem angegebenen Marktpreis hat das Paket einen Wert von 84.943 $. Bei rund 5,07 Millionen ausstehenden Class A Aktien entspricht der geplante Verkauf nur 0,015 % der Klasse, was auf eine vernachlässigbare Verwässerung oder Markteinwirkung hinweist.

Die Aktien stammen aus dem Restricted-Stock-Vesting am 14. Juni 2024 und spiegeln eine Vergütung und keine Investitionsveräußerung wider. Derselbe Meldende hat bereits am 7. Juli 2025 einen weiteren Block von 750 Aktien für 82.491 $ verkauft. Der Unterzeichner bestätigt, keine nicht offengelegten negativen Informationen über den Emittenten zu besitzen.

Es sind keine operativen, Gewinn- oder Prognosedaten mit der Meldung verbunden; es handelt sich um eine routinemäßige Compliance-Mitteilung, die minimalen Einfluss auf die Bewertung von HOV haben sollte, sofern nicht größere Insideraktivitäten folgen.

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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025

or

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-38267

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

    

82-1669692

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

6500 Chase Oaks Boulevard, Suite 100, Plano, Texas

    

75023

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip code)

(978614-8100

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.0001

RBBN

The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes     No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes     No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act)  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes     No 

As of July 18, 2025, there were 177,081,847 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item

Page

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

3

PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

1.

Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (unaudited)

4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)

5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)

6

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)

7

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)

9

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

11

2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

39

3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

54

4.

Controls and Procedures

54

PART II OTHER INFORMATION

1.

Legal Proceedings

55

1A.

Risk Factors

55

2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

55

5.

Other Information

56

6.

Exhibits

57

Signatures

58

Table of Contents

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this report, including statements regarding the effect of U.S. tariffs and the responses from other countries, future expenses and restructuring activities and the anticipated benefits thereof, results of operations and financial position, capital structure, impacts from the wars in Ukraine and Israel, financial sanctions and trade restrictions, beliefs about our business strategy, availability of components for the manufacturing of our products, ongoing litigation, plans and objectives of management for future operations and manufacturing are forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “anticipates”, “believes”, “could”, “estimates”, “expects”, “intends”, “may”, “plans”, “seeks” and other similar language, whether in the negative or affirmative, are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are unknown and/or difficult to predict and that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, unpredictable fluctuations in quarterly revenue and operating results; the impact of restructuring and cost-containment activities; increases in tariffs, trade restrictions or taxes on our products; supply chain disruptions resulting from component availability and/or geopolitical instabilities and disputes (including those related to the wars in Israel and Ukraine); the impact of military call-ups of our employees in Israel; material litigation; the impact of fluctuations in interest rates; material cybersecurity and data intrusion incidents, including any security breaches resulting in the theft, transfer, or unauthorized disclosure of customer, employee, or company information; our ability to comply with applicable domestic and foreign information security and privacy laws, regulations and technology platform rules or other obligations related to data privacy and security; failure to compete successfully against telecommunications equipment and networking companies; failure to grow our customer base or generate recurring business from our existing customers; credit risks; the timing of customer purchasing decisions and our recognition of revenues; macroeconomic conditions, including inflation; our ability to adapt to rapid technological and market changes; our ability to generate positive returns on our research and development; our ability to protect our intellectual property rights and obtain necessary licenses; our ability to maintain partner, reseller, distribution and vendor support and supply relationships; the potential for defects in our products; risks related to the terms of our credit agreement; higher risks in international operations and markets; currency fluctuations; unanticipated adverse changes in legal, regulatory or tax laws; future accounting pronouncements or changes in our accounting policies; and/or failure or circumvention of our controls and procedures. We therefore caution you against relying on any of these forward-looking statements. Additional important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in these forward-looking statements are also discussed in Part I, Item 2, "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Part I, Item 1A and Part II, Item 7A, "Risk Factors" and "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," respectively, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this report speaks only as of the date on which this report was first filed. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by law.

3

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PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

June 30, 

December 31, 

    

2025

    

2024

Assets

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

$

60,450

$

87,770

Restricted cash

1,824

2,709

Accounts receivable, net

 

249,360

 

254,718

Inventory

 

80,299

 

79,179

Other current assets

 

42,007

 

39,286

Total current assets

 

433,940

 

463,662

Property and equipment, net

 

66,659

 

60,364

Intangible assets, net

 

164,742

 

187,537

Goodwill

 

300,892

 

300,892

Deferred income taxes

 

99,314

 

88,982

Operating lease right-of-use assets

 

47,383

 

34,544

Other assets

 

29,242

 

26,573

$

1,142,172

$

1,162,554

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

 

  

 

  

Current liabilities:

 

  

 

  

Current portion of term debt

$

8,750

$

6,125

Accounts payable

 

88,697

 

87,759

Accrued expenses and other

 

90,144

 

106,251

Operating lease liabilities

 

10,816

 

9,443

Deferred revenue

 

115,212

 

119,295

Total current liabilities

 

313,619

 

328,873

Long-term debt, net of current

 

327,625

 

330,726

Warrant liability

 

6,273

 

8,064

Operating lease liabilities, net of current

 

62,063

 

37,376

Deferred revenue, net of current

 

31,749

 

20,991

Deferred income taxes

 

5,941

 

5,941

Other long-term liabilities

 

24,467

 

25,962

Total liabilities

 

771,737

 

757,933

Commitments and contingencies (Note 20)

 

  

 

  

Stockholders’ equity:

 

  

 

  

Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share; 390,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2025; 240,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2024; 177,156,341 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2025; 175,599,250 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024

 

18

 

18

Additional paid-in capital

 

1,973,990

 

1,970,708

Accumulated deficit

 

(1,611,505)

 

(1,574,185)

Accumulated other comprehensive income

 

7,932

 

8,080

Total stockholders’ equity

 

370,435

 

404,621

$

1,142,172

$

1,162,554

See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

    

Three months ended

Six months ended

    

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

    

2025

    

2024

    

2025

    

2024

    

Revenue:

Product

$

115,057

$

99,133

$

197,048

$

186,743

Service

 

105,526

 

93,487

 

204,814

 

185,541

 

Total revenue

 

220,583

 

192,620

 

401,862

 

372,284

 

Cost of revenue:

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

Product

 

66,746

 

54,845

 

124,639

 

100,639

 

Service

 

39,253

 

33,376

 

74,881

 

68,740

 

Amortization of acquired technology

 

5,277

 

6,532

 

10,665

 

13,083

 

Total cost of revenue

 

111,276

 

94,753

 

210,185

 

182,462

 

Gross profit

 

109,307

 

97,867

 

191,677

 

189,822

 

Operating expenses:

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

Research and development

 

44,696

 

43,489

 

88,264

 

89,252

 

Sales and marketing

 

32,536

 

32,984

 

64,324

 

67,700

 

General and administrative

 

16,630

 

14,901

 

31,758

 

30,092

 

Amortization of acquired intangible assets

 

5,975

 

6,508

 

12,130

 

13,214

 

Acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related

 

3,898

 

 

3,898

 

 

Restructuring and related

 

1,346

 

1,920

 

6,687

 

4,985

 

Total operating expenses

 

105,081

 

99,802

 

207,061

 

205,243

 

Income (loss) from operations

 

4,226

 

(1,935)

 

(15,384)

 

(15,421)

 

Interest expense, net

 

(10,977)

 

(3,879)

 

(21,477)

 

(9,866)

 

Other (expense) income, net

 

(2,159)

 

(9,503)

 

970

 

(17,016)

 

Loss before income taxes

 

(8,910)

 

(15,317)

 

(35,891)

 

(42,303)

 

Income tax provision

 

(2,183)

 

(1,499)

 

(1,429)

 

(4,874)

 

Net loss

$

(11,093)

$

(16,816)

$

(37,320)

$

(47,177)

Loss per share:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Basic

$

(0.06)

$

(0.10)

$

(0.21)

$

(0.27)

Diluted

$

(0.06)

$

(0.10)

$

(0.21)

$

(0.27)

Weighted average shares used to compute loss per share:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Basic

 

176,749

 

173,793

 

176,237

 

173,110

Diluted

 

176,749

 

173,793

 

176,237

 

173,110

See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

    

Three months ended

Six months ended

    

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

    

2025

    

2024

    

2025

    

2024

    

Net loss

$

(11,093)

$

(16,816)

$

(37,320)

$

(47,177)

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:

Unrealized loss on interest rate swap, net of reclassifications and amortization into earnings

 

 

(4,698)

 

 

(6,019)

Foreign currency translation adjustments

 

(58)

 

176

 

(148)

 

60

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax

 

(58)

 

(4,522)

 

(148)

 

(5,959)

Comprehensive loss, net of tax

$

(11,151)

$

(21,338)

$

(37,468)

$

(53,136)

See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except shares)

(unaudited)

Three months ended June 30, 2025

    

    

Accumulated

    

    

Additional

    

other

Total

Common stock

paid-in

Accumulated

comprehensive

stockholders'

Shares

    

Amount

capital

deficit

(loss) income

equity

Balances, April 1, 2025

 

175,967,875

$

18

$

1,974,219

$

(1,600,412)

$

7,990

$

381,815

Exercise of stock options

3,273

 

 

5

 

 

 

5

Exercise of warrants

 

 

 

 

 

Repurchase of common stock

(572,810)

(2,253)

(2,253)

Vesting of restricted stock awards and units

 

2,439,889

 

 

 

 

 

Vesting of performance-based stock units

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shares of restricted stock returned to the Company under net share settlements to satisfy tax withholding obligations

 

(681,886)

 

 

(2,458)

 

 

 

(2,458)

Stock-based compensation expense

 

 

 

4,477

 

 

 

4,477

Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

(58)

 

(58)

Net loss

 

 

 

 

(11,093)

 

 

(11,093)

Balances, June 30, 2025

 

177,156,341

$

18

$

1,973,990

$

(1,611,505)

$

7,932

$

370,435

Six months ended June 30, 2025

Accumulated

    

    

Additional

    

    

other

    

Total

Common stock

paid-in

Accumulated

comprehensive

stockholders'

Shares

    

Amount

capital

deficit

(loss) income

equity

Balances, January 1, 2025

 

175,599,250

$

18

$

1,970,708

$

(1,574,185)

$

8,080

$

404,621

Exercise of stock options

 

3,697

 

 

6

 

 

 

6

Exercise of warrants

 

32,573

 

 

150

 

 

 

150

Repurchase of common stock

(572,810)

 

 

(2,253)

 

 

 

(2,253)

Vesting of restricted stock awards and units

 

2,624,628

 

 

 

 

 

Vesting of performance-based stock units

 

377,751

 

 

 

 

 

Shares of restricted stock returned to the Company under net share settlements to satisfy tax withholding obligations

 

(908,748)

 

 

(3,396)

 

 

 

(3,396)

Stock-based compensation expense

 

 

 

8,775

 

 

 

8,775

Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

(148)

 

(148)

Net loss

 

 

 

 

(37,320)

 

 

(37,320)

Balances, June 30, 2025

 

177,156,341

$

18

$

1,973,990

$

(1,611,505)

$

7,932

$

370,435

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except shares)

(unaudited)

Three months ended June 30, 2024

    

Accumulated

    

Additional

    

    

other

    

Total

Common stock

paid-in

Accumulated

comprehensive

stockholders'

Shares

    

Amount

capital

deficit

(loss) income

equity

Balances, April 1, 2024

 

172,714,429

$

17

$

1,962,602

$

(1,550,311)

$

12,350

$

424,658

Vesting of restricted stock awards and units

 

2,138,848

 

 

 

 

 

Vesting of performance-based stock units

 

257,390

 

 

 

 

 

Shares of restricted stock returned to the Company under net share settlements to satisfy tax withholding obligations

 

(673,425)

 

 

(1,792)

 

 

 

(1,792)

Stock-based compensation expense

 

 

 

3,494

 

 

 

3,494

Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

(4,522)

 

(4,522)

Net loss

 

 

 

 

(16,816)

 

 

(16,816)

Balances, June 30, 2024

 

174,437,242

$

17

$

1,964,304

$

(1,567,127)

$

7,828

$

405,022

Six months ended June 30, 2024

    

Accumulated

    

Additional

other

    

Total

    

Common stock

paid-in

    

Accumulated

comprehensive

stockholders'

Shares

    

Amount

capital

deficit

(loss) income

equity

Balances, January 1, 2024

 

172,083,667

$

17

$

1,958,909

$

(1,519,950)

$

13,787

$

452,763

Exercise of stock options

 

8,624

 

 

17

 

 

 

17

Vesting of restricted stock awards and units

 

3,027,037

 

 

 

 

 

Vesting of performance-based stock units

 

288,672

 

 

 

 

 

Shares of restricted stock returned to the Company under net share settlements to satisfy tax withholding obligations

 

(970,758)

 

 

(2,638)

 

 

 

(2,638)

Stock-based compensation expense

 

 

 

8,016

 

 

 

8,016

Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

(5,959)

 

(5,959)

Net loss

 

 

 

 

(47,177)

 

 

(47,177)

Balances, June 30, 2024

 

174,437,242

$

17

$

1,964,304

$

(1,567,127)

$

7,828

$

405,022

See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

    

Six months ended

June 30, 

June 30, 

2025

    

2024

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net loss

$

(37,320)

$

(47,177)

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment

 

7,757

 

6,770

Amortization of intangible assets

 

22,795

 

26,297

Amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount

 

1,401

 

3,445

Amortization of accumulated other comprehensive gain related to interest rate swap

 

 

(8,196)

Stock-based compensation

 

8,775

 

8,016

Deferred income taxes

 

(8,984)

 

(8,104)

Change in fair value of warrant liability

 

(1,641)

 

875

Change in fair value of preferred stock liability

 

 

8,091

Dividends accrued on preferred stock liability

 

 

2,743

Payment of dividends accrued on preferred stock liability

(6,686)

Foreign currency exchange losses

 

587

 

2,023

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

 

 

  

Accounts receivable

 

4,578

 

56,146

Inventory

 

(2,820)

 

(4,405)

Other operating assets

 

(186)

 

8,854

Accounts payable

 

5,083

 

(20,541)

Accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities

 

(11,030)

 

(8,407)

Deferred revenue

 

6,675

 

(16,422)

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities

 

(4,330)

 

3,322

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

 

  

Purchases of property and equipment

 

(17,831)

 

(5,613)

Purchases of software licenses

 

 

(263)

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(17,831)

 

(5,876)

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

  

 

  

Borrowings under revolving line of credit

 

 

44,106

Principal payments on revolving line of credit

 

 

(44,106)

Proceeds from issuance of term debt

 

 

342,300

Principal payments of term debt

 

(1,750)

 

(235,395)

Payment of debt issuance costs

 

 

(3,978)

Payment of preferred stock liability

 

(56,850)

Proceeds from the exercise of stock options

6

 

17

Payment of tax obligations related to vested stock awards and units

(3,396)

(2,638)

Repurchase of common stock

(2,253)

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

(7,393)

43,456

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

 

1,349

 

(124)

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

 

(28,205)

 

40,778

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year

 

90,479

 

26,630

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period

$

62,274

$

67,408

See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

    

Six months ended

June 30, 

June 30, 

2025

    

2024

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Interest paid

$

19,167

$

12,222

Income taxes paid

$

7,716

$

9,664

Income tax refunds received

$

474

$

991

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities:

Capital expenditures incurred, but not yet paid

$

5,436

$

1,786

Inventory transfers to property and equipment

$

874

$

954

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities:

Warrant liability released to additional paid-in-capital

$

150

$

Fair value of vested restricted and performance-based stock grants

$

11,253

$

9,095

See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

(1) BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Business

Ribbon Communications Inc. ("Ribbon" or the "Company") is a leading global provider of communications technology to service providers and enterprises. The Company provides a broad range of software and high-performance hardware products, network solutions, and services that enable the secure delivery of data and voice communications, and high-bandwidth networking and connectivity for residential consumers and for small, medium, and large enterprises and industry verticals such as finance, education, government, utilities, and transportation. Ribbon’s mission is to create a recognized global technology leader providing cloud-centric solutions that enable the secure exchange of information, with unparalleled scale, performance, and elasticity. The Company is headquartered in Plano, Texas, and has a global presence with research and development, or sales and support locations in over thirty countries around the world.

Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring items, necessary for their fair presentation with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year or any future interim period. The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, (the "Annual Report"), which was filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025.

Operating Segments

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (the "CODM") is its president and chief executive officer. The CODM assesses the Company’s performance based on the performance of two separate organizations within Ribbon: the Cloud and Edge segment ("Cloud and Edge") and the IP Optical Networks segment ("IP Optical Networks").

Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are disclosed in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report. There were no material changes to the significant accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2025.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Ribbon and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and judgments relied upon in preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition for arrangements that contain multiple performance obligations, inventory valuations, assumptions used to determine the fair value of stock-based compensation and the Preferred Stock and Warrants, intangible asset and

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

goodwill valuations, including impairments, warranty accruals, legal contingencies and recoverability of Ribbon’s net deferred tax assets and the related valuation allowances. Ribbon regularly assesses these estimates and records changes in estimates in the period in which they become known. Ribbon bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Transfers of Financial Assets

The Company’s IP Optical Networks segment maintains customer receivables factoring agreements with a number of financial institutions. Under the terms of these agreements, the Company may transfer receivables to the financial institutions, on a non-recourse basis, provided that the financial institutions approve the receivables in advance. The Company maintains credit insurance policies from major insurance providers or obtains letters of credit from the customers for a majority of its factored trade receivables. The Company accounts for the factoring of its financial assets as a sale of the assets and records the factoring fees, when incurred, as a component of interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, and the proceeds from the sales of receivables are included in cash from operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Factoring of accounts receivable and associated fees for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

Three months ended

Six months ended

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

    

2025

    

2024

    

2025

    

2024

    

Accounts receivable sold

$

25,957

$

25,970

$

54,723

$

46,962

Less factoring fees

(577)

(543)

(1,050)

(934)

Net cash proceeds

$

25,380

$

25,427

$

53,673

$

46,028

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement, Reporting Comprehensive Income: Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) (“ASU 2024-03”), which requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements. The objective of this standard is to provide investors with information to better understand a public entity’s performance and prospects for future cash flows, and to compare its performance over time with that of other entities. ASU 2024-03 will be effective for the Company beginning with our 2027 annual financial statements and interim financial statements thereafter, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2024-03 will require the Company to provide new footnote disclosure about the types of expenses that are included in certain captions on its Statements of Operations, such as Cost of revenue, Research and development, Sales and marketing, and General and administrative.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which increases the disclosure requirements around rate reconciliation information and certain types of income taxes companies are required to pay. ASU 2023-09 will be effective for the Company beginning with its 2025 annual financial statements. The Company expects the adoption of the standard will require certain additional income tax disclosure.

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

(2) EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. For periods in which the Company reports net income, diluted net earnings per share is determined by using the weighted average number of common and dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding during the period, unless the effect is antidilutive.

The shares used to compute loss per share were as follows (in thousands):

Three months ended

Six months ended

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

    

2025

    

2024

    

2025

    

2024

    

Weighted average shares outstanding—basic

 

176,749

 

173,793

 

176,237

 

173,110

 

Potential dilutive common shares

 

 

 

 

Weighted average shares outstanding—diluted

 

176,749

 

173,793

 

176,237

 

173,110

 

Options to purchase the Company’s common stock and unvested restricted and performance-based stock units aggregating 13.6 million and 11.9 million shares were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, because their effect would have been antidilutive.

On March 28, 2023, the Company issued 55,000 shares of newly designated Series A Preferred Stock (the "Preferred Stock") to investors in a private placement offering at a price of $970 per share, along with 4.9 million warrants (the "Warrants") to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "Private Placement"), at the exercise price of $3.77 per share. The proceeds from the Private Placement were approximately $53.4 million, including approximately $10 million from existing related party stockholders (See Note 11).

On June 25, 2024, the Company redeemed the Preferred Stock with a portion of the proceeds from its refinancing of the 2020 Credit Facility at a rate of 103% for a total of approximately $63.5 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, 0.2 million Warrants were exercised. The remaining Warrants outstanding continue without modification. See Note 9 for a description of the refinancing of the 2020 Credit Facility.

As of June 30, 2025 and 2024, the potential number of dilutive shares from the Warrants outstanding totaled 4.7 million and 4.9 million shares, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, 0.2 million Warrants would have been included in the calculation of diluted loss per share, but had no impact due to the Company’s net loss position. There was no impact on weighted average shares outstanding from these Warrants for three months ended June 30, 2025 or for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 as the average market price of the Company’s common stock was below the exercise price of $3.77 per share and their effect would have been antidilutive.

Dividends accrued on the Preferred Stock were not an adjustment to net income (loss) used for the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share as these dividends were included in the fair value adjustment of the Preferred Stock which was reflected in Other income (expense), net until the redemption of the Preferred Stock on June 25, 2024.

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

(3) INVENTORY

Inventory at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consisted of the following (in thousands):

June 30, 

December 31, 

    

2025

    

2024

On-hand assemblies and finished goods inventories

$

96,514

$

95,366

Deferred cost of goods sold

 

3,228

 

2,430

 

99,742

 

97,796

Less noncurrent portion (included in Other assets)

 

(19,443)

 

(18,617)

Current portion

$

80,299

$

79,179

(4) INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL

The Company’s intangible assets at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consisted of the following (in thousands):

    

Weighted

average

amortization

Net

period

    

    

Accumulated

    

carrying

June 30, 2025

    

(years)

Cost

    

amortization

    

value

Developed technology

7.84

$

340,380

$

271,792

$

68,588

Customer relationships

11.86

268,140

172,746

95,394

Trade names

3.88

5,000

4,997

3

Software licenses

 

3.00

 

5,748

 

4,991

 

757

 

$

619,268

$

454,526

$

164,742

    

Weighted

average

amortization

Net

period

    

    

Accumulated

    

carrying

December 31, 2024

    

(years)

Cost

    

amortization

    

value

Developed technology

7.84

$

340,380

$

262,085

$

78,295

Customer relationships

11.86

268,140

160,635

107,505

Trade names

3.88

5,000

4,978

22

Software licenses

 

3.00

 

5,748

 

4,033

 

1,715

 

$

619,268

$

431,731

$

187,537

Estimated future amortization expense for the Company’s intangible assets at June 30, 2025 was as follows (in thousands):

Years ending December 31, 

    

  

Remainder of 2025

$

21,397

2026

 

39,143

2027

 

33,979

2028

 

23,400

2029

 

18,379

2030

7,722

Thereafter

20,722

$

164,742

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

There were no changes to the carrying value of the Company’s goodwill in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The components of goodwill at both June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

    

Cloud and

    

IP Optical

    

Edge

Networks

Total

Goodwill

$

392,302

$

191,996

$

584,298

Accumulated impairment losses

 

(167,406)

 

(116,000)

 

(283,406)

$

224,896

$

75,996

$

300,892

(5) FAIR VALUE HIERARCHY

The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and borrowings under a revolving credit facility in the condensed consolidated balance sheets approximate fair value due to the immediate or short-term nature of these financial instruments. Ribbon’s term debt balance as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 of $346.5 million and $348.3 million, respectively, had a fair value of approximately $350.8 million and $350.4 million, respectively. The Company’s Warrant liability had a fair value of $6.3 million and $8.1 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. The three-tier fair value hierarchy is based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The Company had no assets or liabilities fair valued using Level 1 input at June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.
Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets). At December 31, 2024, the Company determined the fair value of its defined benefit plans’ assets using Level 2 input. There were no significant changes to the Company’s defined benefit plans’ assets during the six months ended June 30, 2025 that required the calculation of their fair value as of June 30, 2025.
Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 input was used to determine the fair value of the Company’s Warrants at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The Company had no transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 or 2024.

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

(6) ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER

Accrued expenses at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consisted of the following (in thousands):

June 30, 

December 31, 

    

2025

    

2024

Employee compensation and related costs

$

33,178

$

44,948

Professional fees

 

17,235

 

16,339

Taxes payable

 

10,066

 

6,364

Other

 

29,665

 

38,600

$

90,144

$

106,251

(7) WARRANTY

The changes in the Company’s warranty accrual balance in the six months ended June 30, 2025 were as follows (in thousands):

Balance at January 1, 2025

    

$

12,300

Current period provisions

 

3,209

Settlements

 

(2,596)

Balance at June 30, 2025

$

12,913

At June 30, 2025, the Company’s accrual for product warranties was reflected in its condensed consolidated balance sheet as a current liability in Accrued expenses and other of $5.5 million, and as a long-term liability in Other long-term liabilities of $7.4 million.

(8) RESTRUCTURING AND FACILITIES CONSOLIDATION INITIATIVES

The Company recorded restructuring and related expense aggregating $1.3 million and $1.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively and $6.7 million and $5.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Restructuring and related expense includes restructuring expense (primarily severance and related costs), estimated future variable and other lease costs for vacated properties with no intent or ability to sublease, and accelerated rent amortization expense.

For restructuring events that involve lease assets and liabilities, the Company applies lease reassessment and modification guidance and evaluates the right-of-use assets for potential impairment. If the Company plans to exit all or distinct portions of a facility and does not have the ability or intent to sublease, the Company will accelerate the amortization of each of those lease components through the vacate date. The accelerated amortization is recorded as a component of Restructuring and related expense in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Related variable lease expenses will continue to be expensed as incurred through the vacate date, at which time the Company will reassess the liability balance to ensure it appropriately reflects the remaining liability associated with the premises and record a liability for the estimated future variable lease costs.

Accelerated amortization of lease assets is recognized from the date that the Company commences the plan to fully or partially vacate a facility, for which there is no intent or ability to enter into a sublease, through the final vacate date. Amounts of accelerated rent amortization that are included as a component of restructuring and related expense are excluded from the tables below, as the liability for lease payments for each respective facility is included as a component of Operating lease liabilities in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2025 and

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

December 31, 2024 (see Note 17). The Company may incur additional future expense if it is unable to sublease other locations included in the Facilities Initiative.

The components of restructuring and related expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

Three months ended

Six months ended

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

    

2025

    

2024

    

2025

    

2024

    

Severance and related costs

$

137

$

359

$

2,413

$

1,975

Variable and other facilities-related costs

 

1,209

 

1,561

 

4,274

 

3,010

$

1,346

$

1,920

$

6,687

$

4,985

2025 Restructuring Plan

During the first quarter of 2025, the Company’s President and CEO approved a strategic restructuring program (the "2025 Restructuring Plan") that consists of workforce reductions in certain of the Company’s operating locations to correspond with current sales levels in those areas. Any potential positions eliminated in countries outside the United States are subject to local law and consultation requirements. In connection with the 2025 Restructuring Plan, the Company recorded restructuring and related expense of $0.2 million and $2.6 in three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, with payments of $2.1 million in 2025.

2023 Restructuring Plan

On February 22, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a strategic restructuring program (the "2023 Restructuring Plan") to streamline the Company’s operations in order to support the Company’s investment in critical growth areas. The 2023 Restructuring Plan includes, among other things, charges related to a workforce reduction. Any potential positions eliminated in countries outside the United States are subject to local law and consultation requirements.

No expense was recorded in the three or six months ended June 30, 2025 related to the 2023 Restructuring Plan. However, the Company recorded restructuring and related expense, consisting entirely of severance related costs, of $0.4 million and $2.0 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. Changes to accrued restructuring during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the ending accrual balance as of June 30, 2025 related to the 2023 Restructuring Plan was nominal.

2022 Restructuring Plan

On February 14, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a strategic restructuring program (the "2022 Restructuring Plan") to streamline the Company’s operations in order to support the Company’s investment in critical growth areas. The 2022 Restructuring Plan includes, among other things, charges related to a consolidation of facilities and a workforce reduction. Any positions eliminated in countries outside the United States are subject to local law and consultation requirements.

The Company recorded restructuring and related expense of $1.2 million and $1.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $4.3 million and $3.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, in connection with the 2022 Restructuring Plan for variable and other facilities-related costs. A

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

summary of the 2022 Restructuring Plan accrual activity for the six months ended June 30, 2025 is as follows (in thousands):

Balance at

Initiatives

    

    

January 1,

charged to

Cash

Balance at

2025

expense

payments

June 30, 2025

Variable and other facilities-related costs

$

347

4,275

(4,318)

$

304

Balance Sheet Classification

The current portions of accrued restructuring were $0.8 million and $1.4 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and are included as components of Accrued expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The long-term portions of accrued restructuring are included as components of Other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The long-term portions of accrued restructuring were $0.6 million and $0.8 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(9) DEBT

2024 Credit Facility

On June 21, 2024, the Company entered into a Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreement (the “2024 Credit Facility” or “Credit Agreement”) as guarantor, with the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Ribbon Communications Operating Company, Inc., as the borrower (the “Borrower”), HPS Investment Partners, LLC ("HPS"), as administrative agent, and HPS and WhiteHorse Capital Management, LLC ("WhiteHorse" and, together with HPS, the "Lenders"), pursuant to which the Lenders provided the Company with a $385 million Credit Agreement comprised of (i) a $350 million term loan (the “2024 Term Loan”) and (ii) a $35 million revolving credit facility (the “2024 Revolver”), including a $20 million sublimit for letters of credit. The proceeds received from the 2024 Term Loan were used to (a) repay 100% of the amounts outstanding under the 2020 Credit Facility, (b) redeem in full the Preferred Stock and (c) pay fees and expenses related to the 2024 Credit Facility. The excess proceeds are being used by the Company for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

The 2024 Term Loan and the 2024 Revolver bear interest, at the Borrower’s option, at either the Alternate Base Rate (“ABR”) or Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") with an Applicable Margin for each (all as defined in the 2024 Credit Facility). Margins for the first six months were 5.25% per annum for ABR Loans and 6.25% per annum for SOFR Loans. Thereafter, margins vary based on the Company’s Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio, ranging from 4.75% to 5.25% per annum for ABR Loans and 5.75% to 6.25% per annum for SOFR Loans. The 2024 Term Loan and the 2024 Revolver will both mature on June 21, 2029. The 2024 Term Loan is being repaid in equal quarterly installments: approximately $0.9 million beginning with the third quarter of 2024 through the second quarter of 2025; approximately $2.2 million beginning with the third quarter of 2025 and ending with the second quarter of 2027; and approximately $4.4 million quarterly thereafter, with the remaining principal balance of approximately $298.4 million due on the maturity date of June 21, 2029. In connection with the establishment of the 2024 Credit Facility, $7.7 million of original issue discount was withheld by the Lenders, and the Company incurred $6.3 million of debt issuance costs for a total of $14.0 million that is being amortized to Interest expense, net over the term of the 2024 Credit Facility.

The 2024 Credit Facility requires compliance with a Maximum Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio (the "Financial Covenant"), as defined in the 2024 Credit Facility, which is tested on a quarterly basis. The Company was in compliance with the Financial Covenant as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

The indebtedness and other obligations under the 2024 Credit Facility are irrevocably and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by the Company and its subsidiaries (together, the "Guarantors"). The 2024 Credit Facility is secured on a first-priority basis by liens on substantially all assets of the Borrower and the Guarantors.

2020 Credit Facility

On June 21, 2024, the Company used the proceeds from the 2024 Credit Facility to, among other things, repay all amounts outstanding under its Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreement, dated March 3, 2020 (as amended, the "2020 Credit Facility"), by and among the Company, as a guarantor, Ribbon Communications Operating Company, Inc., as the borrower (the "Borrower"), Citizens Bank, N.A., Santander Bank, N.A., and others as lenders ("2020 Credit Facility Lenders"). The Company wrote off $2.0 million of debt issuance costs in conjunction with the early extinguishment of the 2020 Credit Facility.

The 2020 Credit Facility had a maturity date of March 2025 and originally provided for $500 million of commitments from the 2020 Credit Facility Lenders to the Borrower, comprised of $400 million in term loans (the "2020 Term Loan Facility") and a $100 million facility available for revolving loans (the "2020 Revolving Credit Facility"). Under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility, a $30 million sublimit was originally available for letters of credit and a $20 million sublimit was available for swingline loans.

The Company entered into the Sixth Amendment to the 2020 Credit Facility (the “Sixth Amendment”) effective March 30, 2023. Among other things, the Sixth Amendment reduced the maximum borrowings allowed under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility from $100 million to $75 million and the sublimit available for letters of credit was reduced from $30 million to $20 million. Also, the Sixth Amendment replaced LIBOR with SOFR as the alternative rate available to the Company for calculating interest owed under the 2020 Credit Facility with the margin fixed at 4.5%. Debt issuance costs associated with the Sixth Amendment totaled $1.7 million and were being amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining life of the 2020 Credit Facility and were written off in conjunction with the early extinguishment of the 2020 Credit Facility on June 21, 2024.

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

The Company had the following outstanding borrowings, unamortized debt issuance costs and original issue discount, letters of credit, interest rates, and remaining borrowing capacity under the 2024 Credit Facility as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

    

June 30, 

December 31, 

 

2025

2024

 

Current portion of Term Debt

$

8,750

$

6,125

Long-term Debt, net of Current:

Long-term Debt, net of Current (Face Amount)

$

337,750

$

342,125

Original Issue Discount

(5,561)

(6,261)

Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs - Contra-Liability

 

(4,564)

 

(5,138)

Long-term Debt, net of Current

$

327,625

$

330,726

Total Face Amount of Borrowings

$

346,500

$

348,250

Unamortized Original Issue Discount and Debt Issuance Costs:

 

 

Other Assets

$

1,007

$

1,134

Long-Term Debt - Contra Liability

 

10,125

 

11,399

Total Unamortized Original Issue Discount and Debt Issuance Costs

$

11,132

$

12,533

Remaining Borrowing Capacity

$

35,000

$

35,000

Average Interest Rates:

Term Loan

 

10.6

%  

 

10.6

%

The Company’s debt maturities as of June 30, 2025 were as follows:

Years ending December 31, 

    

Remainder of 2025

$

4,375

2026

8,750

2027

13,125

2028

17,500

2029

 

302,750

 

$

346,500

Letters of Credit and Other Guarantees

In the course of its business, the Company uses letters of credit, bank guarantees, and surety bonds (collectively, "Guarantees"). The Company had $9.9 million and $10.9 million of Guarantees under various uncommitted facilities as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company had no letters of credit outstanding under the 2024 Credit Facility as of June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had cash collateral of $1.8 million and $2.7 million supporting the Guarantees, respectively, which are reported as Restricted cash in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(10) DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The Company is exposed to financial market risk related to foreign currency fluctuations and changes in interest rates. These exposures are actively monitored by management. To manage the volatility related to the exposure to changes in interest rates, the Company may enter into derivative financial instruments. Management’s objective has been

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

to reduce, where it is deemed appropriate to do so, fluctuations in earnings and cash flows associated with changes in interest rates. Ribbon’s policies and practices are to use derivative financial instruments only to the extent necessary to manage exposures. Ribbon does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

The Company records derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a specific risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Derivatives may also be designated as hedges of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge, or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risk even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting.

Cash Flow Hedge of Interest Rate Risk

The 2024 Term Loan Facility had outstanding balances of $346.5 million and $348.3 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The 2024 Revolving Credit Facility was undrawn at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Borrowings under the 2024 Credit Facility and the 2020 Credit Facility have variable interest rates based on SOFR (see Note 9).

As a result of exposure to interest rate movements, the Company entered into an interest rate swap arrangement in March 2020 which effectively converted its $400 million term loan with its variable interest rate based upon one-month LIBOR to an aggregate fixed rate of 0.904%, plus a leverage-based margin as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility.

In two separate transactions during 2022, the Company sold a total of $60 million of the notional amount of its interest rate swap back to its counterparty for $3.1 million, reducing the notional amount of this swap to $340 million. The gain in Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to these sales totaled $3.1 million and was being released into earnings on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the 2020 Credit Facility as a decrease to interest expense, the amortization of which totaled $0.2 million and $0.4 million in three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. The remaining unamortized gain in Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income of approximately $0.5 million was written off to interest expense in conjunction with the refinancing of the 2020 Credit Facility on June 21, 2024.

In two separate transactions in 2023, the Company received a total of $19.2 million, consisting of $0.8 million of interest and $18.4 million for the sale of the remaining $340 million notional amount of its swap. The portion of the gain in Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to the term loan debt prepaid on the date of the final sale of the swap totaled $7.3 million and was released into earnings immediately as Other expense, net. The portion of the gain in Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to the remaining term loan debt balance totaled $12.0 million and was being released into earnings on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the 2020 Credit Facility as a decrease to interest expense beginning in the second quarter of 2023, the amortization of which was $1.4 million and $3.0 million for three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. The remaining unamortized gain in Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income of $4.4 million was written off to interest expense in conjunction with the refinancing of the 2020 Credit Facility on June 21, 2024.

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives have been to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, the Company has used an interest rate swap as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the related agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of designated derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income in the condensed consolidated balance sheet and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transactions affect earnings. Any ineffective portion of the change in the fair value of the derivative would have been recognized directly in earnings. However, there was no hedge ineffectiveness recorded over the life of the swap.

Amounts reported in Accumulated other comprehensive income related to the Company’s derivative are reclassified to interest expense as interest is accrued on the Company’s variable-rate debt. The impact of the Company’s derivative financial instrument on its condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income for three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was a reclassification of $4.7 million and $6.0 million, respectively, to increase interest expense. The Company had no derivative assets or liabilities at June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

(11) PREFERRED STOCK AND WARRANTS

On March 28, 2023, the Company issued 55,000 shares of Preferred Stock to investors in the Private Placement at a price of $970 per share, along with 4,858,090 Warrants with an exercise price of $3.77 per share.

On June 25, 2024, the Company redeemed the Preferred Stock with a portion of the proceeds from the refinancing of the 2020 Credit Facility at a rate of 103% for a total of approximately $63.5 million. During six months ended June 30, 2025, 0.2 million Warrants were exercised. The remaining Warrants outstanding continue without modification. See Note 9 for a description of the refinancing of the 2020 Credit Facility.

The Company accounted for the Preferred Stock until it was redeemed and continues to account for the remaining Warrants as liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of their specific terms in accordance with ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. The fair value option was elected for the Preferred Stock, as the Company considered fair value to best reflect its expected future economic value. These liabilities are remeasured to fair value at each reporting date using the same valuation methodology applied upon issuance using current input assumptions.

The value of the Preferred Stock was calculated quarterly through March 31, 2024 using the Black-Derman-Toy (BDT) stochastic yield lattice model to capture the optimal timing of repayment, increasing dividend rate and other features and the value of the Warrants is calculated quarterly using the Black-Scholes Pricing Model.

Changes in the fair value of the Preferred Stock and the Warrants are reported as Other expense, net in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company determined the fair value of the Warrants using Level 3 input. The key assumptions into the model utilized were as follows as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

22

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

    

June 30, 

December 31, 

    

2025

2024

Stock price

$

4.01

$

4.16

Strike price

$

3.77

$

3.77

Risk-free rate

 

3.74

%

 

4.21

%

Volatility

 

56.0

%

 

57.5

%

Dividend yield

 

0.0

%

 

0.0

%

Time to expiration (years)

 

1.8

 

2.2

Fair value of Warrant per share

$

1.34

$

1.66

The changes in the Company’s Preferred Stock liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

    

Preferred stock

liability

Balance at January 1, 2024

$

53,337

Payable in-kind dividends

 

2,743

Reversal of fair value adjustments

 

5,605

Call premium (3%)

 

1,851

Redemption (June 25, 2024)

(63,536)

Balance at June 30, 2024

$

The changes in the Company’s Warrant liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

    

Six months ended June 30, 

2025

2024

Balance at beginning of year

$

8,064

$

5,295

Exercise of warrants

(150)

Fair value change

 

(1,641)

 

875

Balance at end of period

$

6,273

$

6,170

The Preferred Stock, redeemed on June 25, 2024, was subordinate to the Company’s indebtedness and senior to the Company’s common stock or other equity. Holders of the Preferred Stock were entitled to cumulative dividends that accrued quarterly. Dividends were payable in-kind during the first year at a rate of 9.25%. At the Company’s option, the dividends were payable in-kind or in cash during the second year at a rate of 9.75%. Dividends thereafter were to be payable in cash at a rate of 12.00%. The proceeds from the Preferred Stock issuance were approximately $53.4 million, including $10.0 million from existing related party stockholders. Offering costs paid by the Company of approximately $3.5 million were recorded in Other expense, net in the year ended December 31, 2023. The net proceeds from the Private Placement were used for the repayment of debt. The Preferred Stock was redeemable on or after the first and second anniversaries of the closing date at a rate of 103% and 102%, respectively.

The Warrants are immediately exercisable and upon an event such as a merger, consolidation, asset sale or similar change of control, the Warrants may be exercised and the holders may vote the underlying shares of common stock. In connection with the Private Placement, the Company provided the investors with certain registration rights relating to the Preferred Stock, the Warrants and the shares of the Company’s common stock underlying the Warrants, that required the Company to file a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC within 30 days following the closing date of the Private Placement. The registration requirement was completed on May 19, 2023.

23

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, 176,658 of the Warrants were exercised in cashless exercises, resulting in the issuance of 32,573 of the Company’s common stock at a weighted average fair value of $4.62 per share. There were 4,681,432 remaining Warrants outstanding as of June 30, 2025.

(12) REVENUE RECOGNITION

The Company derives revenue from two primary sources: products and services. Product revenue includes: 1) the Company’s proprietary hardware and software that function together to deliver the products’ essential functionality and 2) the Company’s software only solutions that can be used on either the Company’s hardware or third-party hardware. Both proprietary hardware and software only solutions are also sold on a standalone basis.

Services include customer support (software updates, upgrades and technical support), consulting, design services, installation services and training. Generally, contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations, consisting of products and services. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are considered distinct.

When an arrangement contains more than one performance obligation, the Company will allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis. The Company utilizes the observable price of goods and services, including when they are sold separately to similar customers, in order to estimate standalone selling price (“SSP”).

The Company’s software licenses typically provide a perpetual right to use the Company’s software. However, the Company also sells term-based software licenses that expire and Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”)-based software which are referred to as subscription arrangements. The Company does not customize its software nor are installation services required, as the customer has a right to utilize internal resources or a third-party service company. The software and hardware are delivered before related services are provided and are functional without professional services or customer support. The Company has concluded that its software licenses are functional intellectual property that are distinct, as the user can benefit from the software on its own.

Product revenue from sales of the Company’s perpetual and term-based software licenses is typically recognized when the software is made available for download, as this is the point the user of the software can direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from the functional intellectual property. The Company begins to recognize software revenue related to the renewal of term-based software licenses at the start of the renewal period. Revenue related to sales of SaaS-based software is recognized ratably over the service period as the customer does not take possession of the software or have the ability to take possession of the software.

The Company offers warranties on its products. Certain of the Company’s warranties are considered to be assurance-type in nature, ensuring the product is functioning as intended. Assurance-type warranties do not represent separate performance obligations. The Company also sells separately-priced maintenance service contracts which qualify as service-type warranties and represent separate performance obligations. The Company does not allow and has no history of accepting product returns.

Service revenue includes revenue from customer support and other professional services. Customer support includes software updates on a when-and-if-available basis, telephone support, integrated web-based support and bug fixes or patches. The Company sells its customer support contracts at a percentage of list or net product price. Customer support revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the customer support agreement, which is typically one year.

The Company’s professional services include consulting, technical support, resident engineer services, design services and installation services. Because control transfers over time, revenue is recognized based on progress toward

24

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

completion of the performance obligation. The method to measure progress toward completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services to be provided.

The Company generally uses the input method to measure progress for its contracts and to recognize revenue because it believes such method, in general, best depicts the transfer of assets to its customers. The input method measures costs the Company has incurred in the period for its contracts. In some infrequent instances, the Company may engage a third-party to perform services on its behalf and in those cases the output method is used to recognize revenue because it best depicts the transfer of assets to its customers. Under the output method, there is a cost-to-cost measure of progress. The progress toward completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. When the measure of progress is based upon expended labor, progress toward completion is measured as the ratio of labor time expended to date versus the total estimated labor time required to complete the performance obligation. Revenue is recorded proportionally as costs are incurred or as labor is expended. Costs to fulfill these obligations can include internal labor as well as subcontractor costs.

Customer training includes courses offered by the Company. The related revenue is typically recognized as the training services are performed, typically over a period of one to five days.

Payment terms for the Company’s contracts with its customers typically range from 30 to 60 days from the invoice date. In certain cases, the Company may offer extended payment terms, which are assessed on a case-by-case basis.

The Company does not generally offer significant financing components in its contracts with customers. However, if a contract includes a significant financing component, the transaction price is adjusted for the time value of money. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the impact of financing components was immaterial.

Amounts billed to customers for sales and other taxes are excluded from the transaction price. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to government authorities.

25

Table of Contents

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

The Company’s typical performance obligations include the following:

    

When Performance Obligation is Typically 

    

Performance Obligation

Satisfied

When Payment is Typically Due

Software and Product Revenue

Software licenses (perpetual or term)

 

For perpetual licenses, typically when made available for download (point in time); for term-based licenses, at the beginning of the specified term (point in time)

 

Generally, within 30-60 days of invoicing, except for term licenses which may be paid for over time

Software licenses (subscription)

 

Upon activation of hosted site (over time)

Generally, within 30-60 days of invoicing

Hardware

 

When control of the hardware passes to the customer; typically, upon delivery (point in time)

 

Generally, within 30-60 days of invoicing

Software upgrades

 

Upon transfer of control; typically, when made available for download (point in time)

 

Generally, within 30-60 days of invoicing

Customer Support Revenue

 

  

 

  

Customer support

 

Ratably over the course of the support contract (over time)

 

Generally, within 30-60 days of invoicing

Professional Services

 

  

 

  

Other professional services (excluding training services)

 

As work is performed (over time), typically on the input method based on hours incurred

 

Generally, within 30-60 days of invoicing (upon completion of services)

Training

 

As the training is delivered (over time), typically one to five days

 

Generally, within 30-60 days of services being performed

Significant Judgments

The Company’s contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to the customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment.

Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. The Company typically has more than one SSP for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by customers and circumstances. In these instances, the Company may use information such as the size of the customer and geographic region in determining the SSP.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue is a contract liability representing amounts collected from or invoiced to customers in excess of revenue recognized. This results primarily from the billing of annual customer support agreements where the revenue is recognized over the term of the agreement. The value of deferred revenue will increase or decrease based on the timing of invoices and recognition of revenue.

26

Table of Contents

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company disaggregates its revenue from contracts with customers based on the nature of the products and services and the geographic regions in which each customer is domiciled. The Company’s total revenue for three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was disaggregated geographically as follows:

    

    

    

Service revenue

    

Product

Service revenue

(professional

Three months ended June 30, 2025

revenue

(maintenance)

services)

Total revenue

United States

$

59,101

$

33,546

$

23,575

$

116,222

Europe, Middle East and Africa

25,534

18,362

8,217

52,113

Asia Pacific

27,966

9,708

4,078

41,752

Other

2,456

6,681

1,359

10,496

$

115,057

$

68,297

$

37,229

$

220,583

    

    

    

Service revenue

    

Product

Service revenue

(professional

Three months ended June 30, 2024

revenue

(maintenance)

services)

Total revenue

United States

$

35,368

$

32,639

$

13,462

$

81,469

Europe, Middle East and Africa

 

33,239

 

17,491

 

8,188

 

58,918

Asia Pacific

 

26,081

 

9,759

 

2,597

 

38,437

Other

 

4,445

 

7,631

 

1,720

 

13,796

$

99,133

$

67,520

$

25,967

$

192,620

    

    

    

Service revenue

    

Product

Service revenue

(professional

Six months ended June 30, 2025

revenue

(maintenance)

services)

Total revenue

United States

$

88,442

$

66,870

$

43,605

$

198,917

Europe, Middle East and Africa

 

44,994

35,745

16,873

 

97,612

Asia Pacific

 

59,005

19,108

6,818

 

84,931

Other

 

4,607

12,996

2,799

 

20,402

$

197,048

$

134,719

$

70,095

$

401,862

    

    

    

Service revenue

    

Product

Service revenue

(professional

Six months ended June 30, 2024

revenue

(maintenance)

services)

Total revenue

United States

$

61,975

$

65,486

$

25,122

$

152,583

Europe, Middle East and Africa

 

74,928

 

35,187

 

15,886

 

126,001

Asia Pacific

 

42,714

 

20,000

 

5,524

 

68,238

Other

 

7,126

 

15,228

 

3,108

 

25,462

$

186,743

$

135,901

$

49,640

$

372,284

The Company’s product revenue from its direct sales program and from indirect sales through its channel partner program for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was as follows (in thousands):

Three months ended

Six months ended

    

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

    

2025

    

2024

    

2025

    

2024

    

Indirect sales through channel partner program

$

38,988

$

31,282

$

61,723

$

76,957

Direct sales

 

76,069

 

67,851

 

135,325

 

109,786

$

115,057

$

99,133

$

197,048

$

186,743

27

Table of Contents

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

The Company’s product revenue from sales to enterprise customers and from sales to service provider customers for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was as follows (in thousands):

    

Three months ended

Six months ended

    

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

    

2025

    

2024

    

2025

    

2024

    

Sales to enterprise customers

$

39,052

$

38,040

$

62,284

$

75,910

Sales to service provider customers

 

76,005

 

61,093

 

134,764

 

110,833

$

115,057

$

99,133

$

197,048

$

186,743

The Company’s product revenue and service revenue components by segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

Three months ended

Six months ended

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

    

2025

    

2024

    

2025

    

2024

    

Product revenue:

Cloud and Edge

 

$

56,112

 

$

39,586

 

$

87,973

 

$

71,099

 

IP Optical Networks

 

58,945

 

59,547

 

109,075

 

115,644

 

Total product revenue

 

$

115,057

 

$

99,133

 

$

197,048

 

$

186,743

 

Service revenue:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

Maintenance:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

Cloud and Edge

 

$

51,816

 

$

52,663

 

$

102,584

 

$

105,859

 

IP Optical Networks

 

16,481

 

14,857

 

32,135

 

30,042

 

Total maintenance revenue

 

68,297

 

67,520

 

134,719

 

135,901

 

Professional services:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

Cloud and Edge

 

29,120

 

18,306

 

54,082

 

35,266

 

IP Optical Networks

 

8,109

 

7,661

 

16,013

 

14,374

 

Total professional services revenue

 

37,229

 

25,967

 

70,095

 

49,640

 

Total service revenue

 

$

105,526

 

$

93,487

 

$

204,814

 

$

185,541

 

Revenue Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, which are contract assets, and customer advances and deposits, which are contract liabilities, in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals or upon achievement of contractual milestones. Billing may occur subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. The Company may receive advances or deposits from its customers before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities which are classified as deferred revenue. These assets and liabilities are reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets on a contract-by-contract basis as of the end of each reporting period. Changes in the contract asset and liability balances during the six months ended June 30, 2025 were not materially impacted by any factors other than billing and revenue recognition. Nearly all of the Company’s deferred revenue balance is related to services revenue, primarily customer support contracts. Unbilled receivables stem primarily from engagements where services have been performed; however, billing cannot occur until services are completed.

In some arrangements, the Company allows customers to pay for term-based software licenses and products over the term of the software license. The Company also sells SaaS-based software under subscription arrangements, with

28

Table of Contents

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

payment terms over the term of the SaaS agreement. Amounts recognized as revenue in excess of amounts billed are recorded as unbilled receivables. Unbilled receivables that are anticipated to be invoiced in the next twelve months are included in Accounts receivable on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The changes in the Company’s accounts receivable, unbilled receivables and deferred revenue balances for the six months ended June 30, 2025 were as follows (in thousands):

Unbilled

Deferred

Deferred

Accounts

accounts

revenue

revenue

    

receivable

    

receivable

    

(current)

    

(long-term)

Balance at January 1, 2025

$

176,575

$

78,143

$

119,295

$

20,991

Increase (decrease), net

 

1,109

 

(6,467)

 

(4,083)

 

10,758

Balance at June 30, 2025

$

177,684

$

71,676

$

115,212

$

31,749

The Company recognized approximately $75 million of revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2025 that was recorded as deferred revenue at December 31, 2024 and approximately $78 million of revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2024 that was recorded as deferred revenue at December 31, 2023. Of the Company’s deferred revenue reported as long-term in its condensed consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2025, the Company expects that approximately $10 million will be recognized as revenue in 2026, approximately $9 million will be recognized as revenue in 2027 and approximately $13 million will be recognized as revenue in 2028 and beyond.

The Company applies the optional exemption of not disclosing the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligation for its contracts with an original duration of less than one year. In 2024, the Company entered into a contract with an existing customer that has revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations, which includes unearned revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods of approximately $235 million and $285 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.  At this time, the Company expects to recognize the majority of the revenue related to this contract in the years 2025 through 2028. 

All freight-related customer invoicing is recorded as revenue, while the shipping and handling costs that occur after control of the promised goods or services transfer to the customer are reported as fulfillment costs, a component of Cost of revenue - product in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Deferred Commissions Cost

Sales commissions earned by the Company’s employees are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. These costs have been deferred on our condensed consolidated balance sheet and are being amortized over the expected life of the customer contract, which is generally five years. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had $2.2 million and $2.8 million of deferred sales commissions capitalized, respectively.

(13) OPERATING SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company has two operating and reportable segments, Cloud and Edge and IP Optical Networks, that align with the way the business is managed. The Company’s CODM, its President and Chief Executive Officer, makes key operating decisions and assesses performance based upon these reportable segments.

The Cloud and Edge segment provides secure and reliable software and hardware products, solutions and services for enabling Voice over Internet Protocol ("VoIP") communications, Voice over Long-Term Evolution ("VoLTE") and Voice Over 5G ("VoNR") communications, and Unified Communications and Collaboration ("UC&C") within service provider and enterprise networks and from the cloud. The Cloud and Edge products are increasingly software-centric and cloud-native for deployment on private, public or hybrid cloud infrastructures, in data centers, on enterprise premises

29

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

and within service provider networks. Ribbon's Cloud and Edge product portfolio consists primarily of its Session Border Controller ("SBC") products and its Network Transformation products.

The IP Optical Networks segment provides high-performance, secure solutions for IP networking and optical transport, supporting wireless networks including 5G, metro and edge aggregation, core networking, data center interconnect, legacy transformation and transport solutions for wholesale carriers. This portfolio is offered to service provider, enterprise and industry verticals with critical transport network infrastructures including utilities, government, defense, transportation, and education and research.

The Company does not provide segment asset information as such information is not provided to the CODM and accordingly, asset information is not used in assessing segment performance. Segment revenue and expenses included in the tables below represent direct revenue and expense attributable to each segment. Please see Note 10 for information regarding the allocation of goodwill between segments.

The CODM utilizes adjusted gross profit to evaluate each segment's performance. The Company calculates adjusted gross profit by excluding from cost of revenue both amortization of acquired technology and stock-based compensation and may also exclude other items in future periods that the Company believes are not part of the Company's core business. The Company uses adjusted gross profit to develop its annual budget and quarterly forecasts. The CODM analyzes adjusted gross profit compared to the annual budget and quarterly forecasts to allocate resources. Ribbon’s calculation of adjusted gross profit may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. See below for a reconciliation of segment adjusted gross profit to gross profit and loss before income taxes.

The tables below present significant segment expenses regularly reviewed by the CODM for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

30

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

Three months ended

Six months ended

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

    

2025

    

2024

    

2025

    

2024

    

Segment revenue:

Cloud and Edge

 

$

137,048

 

$

110,555

 

$

244,639

 

$

212,224

 

IP Optical Networks

 

83,535

 

82,065

 

157,223

 

160,060

 

Revenue

 

$

220,583

 

$

192,620

 

$

401,862

 

$

372,284

 

Three months ended

Six months ended

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

    

2025

    

2024

    

2025

    

2024

    

Segment adjusted gross profit:

Cloud and Edge

 

$

84,854

 

$

72,946

 

$

152,150

 

$

140,065

 

IP Optical Networks

 

29,961

 

31,791

 

50,775

 

63,756

 

Total segment adjusted gross profit

 

114,815

 

104,737

 

202,925

 

203,821

 

Reconciliation of segment adjusted gross profit to gross profit and loss before income taxes

Stock-based compensation expense

(231)

(338)

(583)

(916)

Amortization of acquired technology

 

(5,277)

 

(6,532)

 

(10,665)

 

(13,083)

 

Gross profit

 

109,307

 

97,867

 

191,677

 

189,822

 

Research and development expense

44,696

43,489

88,264

89,252

Sales and marketing expense

32,536

32,984

64,324

67,700

General and administrative expense

16,630

14,901

31,758

30,092

Amortization of acquired intangible assets

5,975

6,508

12,130

13,214

Acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related expense

3,898

3,898

Restructuring and related expense

1,346

1,920

6,687

4,985

Interest expense, net

10,977

3,879

21,477

9,866

Other (expense) income, net

2,159

9,503

(970)

17,016

Loss before income taxes

$

(8,910)

$

(15,317)

$

(35,891)

$

(42,303)

Three months ended

Six months ended

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

    

2025

    

2024

    

2025

    

2024

    

Segment depreciation expense:

Cloud and Edge

 

$

2,399

 

$

2,324

 

$

4,752

 

$

4,657

 

IP Optical Networks

 

1,889

 

1,052

 

3,005

 

2,113

 

Depreciation expense

 

$

4,288

 

$

3,376

 

$

7,757

 

$

6,770

 

(14) MAJOR CUSTOMERS

The following customer contributed 10% or more of the Company’s revenue in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Three months ended

Six months ended

 

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

    

2025

    

2024

    

2025

    

2024

 

    

Verizon Communications Inc.

21

%

12

%

18

%

11

%

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s accounts receivable balance. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral on accounts receivable. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts and such losses have historically been within management’s expectations.

(15) COMMON STOCK REPURCHASES

In the second quarter of 2025, the Company's Board of Directors approved a program to repurchase up to $50 million of the Company’s common stock (the “2025 Repurchase Program” or the “Repurchase Program”). Commencing on June 5, 2025 and continuing through December 31, 2027, the Repurchase Program is being funded with cash on hand or cash generated from operations. During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, the Company used $2.3 million, including transaction fees, to repurchase and retire 0.6 million shares of its common stock under the Repurchase Program, with $47.7 million remaining for future repurchases as of June 30, 2025.

(16) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

The Company grants stock-based compensation to employees, officers and non-employee directors, as well as consultants and advisors of the Company and its subsidiaries under its 2025 Incentive Award Plan (the “2025 Plan”) which provides for the award of stock options, stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), restricted stock awards ("RSAs"), performance-based stock awards ("PSAs"), restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance1based stock units ("PSUs") and other stock- or cash-based awards. The 2025 Plan, approved by the Company’s stockholders at the annual meeting held on May 28, 2025 (the “2025 Annual Meeting”), permits the Company to grant awards of up to (i) 14 million new shares of its common stock, plus (ii) 2,180,307 shares of its common stock previously reserved for issuance by the Company’s Amended and Restated 2019 Incentive Award Plan plus that number of shares of its common stock subject to awards granted under certain prior plans which become available for grant under the 2025 Plan.

At the 2025 Annual Meeting, the Company's stockholders also approved an amendment to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to increase the number of authorized shares of its common stock by 150 million shares to a total of 390 million shares.

Executive Equity Arrangements

Performance-Based Stock Grants

In addition to granting RSAs and RSUs to its executives and certain of its employees, the Company also grants PSUs to certain of its executives and certain other employees. Vesting periods for RSAs, RSUs, and PSUs granted range from one to three years. PSUs granted consist of 60% that have both performance and service conditions (the "Performance PSUs") and 40% that have both market and service conditions (the "Market PSUs"). Each Performance PSU is comprised of three consecutive fiscal year performance periods beginning in the year of grant, with one-third of the Performance PSUs attributable to each fiscal year performance period. The Market PSUs have one three-year performance period, beginning January 1 in the year of grant and ending on December 31, three years thereafter. The number of shares of common stock underlying the PSUs that can be earned will not exceed 200% of the Performance or Market PSUs. Shares subject to PSUs that fail to be earned will be forfeited.

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

Restricted Stock Units

The activity related to the Company’s RSUs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was as follows:

    

    

Weighted

Average

Grant Date

Shares

Fair Value

Unvested balance at January 1, 2025

 

3,997,108

$

3.04

Granted

 

7,443,156

$

3.63

Vested

 

(2,621,202)

$

3.08

Forfeited

 

(68,081)

$

3.31

Unvested balance at June 30, 2025

 

8,750,981

$

3.53

The total grant date fair value of shares of restricted stock underlying RSUs that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $8.1 million.

Performance-Based Stock Units

The activity related to the Company’s PSUs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was as follows:

    

    

Weighted

Average

Grant Date

Shares

Fair Value

Unvested balance at January 1, 2025

 

3,605,892

$

3.75

Granted

 

1,837,965

$

4.20

Vested

 

(381,177)

$

3.57

Forfeited

 

(260,786)

$

3.03

Unvested balance at June 30, 2025

 

4,801,894

$

3.97

The total grant date fair value of shares of restricted stock underlying PSUs that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $1.4 million.

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

Stock-Based Compensation

The condensed consolidated statements of operations include stock-based compensation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 as follows (in thousands):

Three months ended

Six months ended

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

    

2025

    

2024

    

2025

    

2024

    

Product cost of revenue

$

33

 

$

64

 

$

99

 

$

170

Service cost of revenue

 

198

 

274

 

484

 

746

 

Research and development

 

455

616

1,180

1,684

 

Sales and marketing

1,066

954

2,239

2,111

General and administrative

2,725

1,586

4,773

3,305

$

4,477

 

$

3,494

 

$

8,775

 

$

8,016

At June 30, 2025, there was $34.8 million, net of expected forfeitures, of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs and PSUs. This expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately two years.

(17) LEASES

The Company has operating leases for corporate offices and research and development facilities. Operating leases are reported separately in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. A contract is determined to contain a lease component if the arrangement provides the Company with a right to control the use of an identified asset. Lease agreements may include lease and non-lease components. In such instances for all classes of underlying assets, the Company does not separate lease and non-lease components but rather, accounts for the entire arrangement under leasing guidance. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet and lease expense for these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are initially measured based on the present value of the future minimum fixed lease payments (i.e., fixed payments in the lease contract) over the lease term at the commencement date. As the Company’s existing leases do not have a readily determinable implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future minimum fixed lease payments. The Company calculates its incremental borrowing rate to reflect the interest rate that it would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment over a similar term and considers its historical borrowing activities and market data from entities with comparable credit ratings in this determination. The measurement of the right-of-use asset also includes any lease payments made prior to the commencement date (excluding any lease incentives) and initial direct costs incurred. The Company assessed its right-of-use assets for impairment as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and determined no impairment has occurred.

Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease and the Company incorporates such options in the lease term when it has the unilateral right to make such an election and it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. In making this determination, the Company considers its prior renewal and termination history and planned usage of the assets under lease, incorporating expected market conditions.

For operating leases, lease expense for minimum fixed lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease contracts may contain variable lease costs, such as common area maintenance, utilities and tax

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

reimbursements that vary over the term of the contract. Variable lease costs are not included in minimum fixed lease payments and as a result, are excluded from the measurement of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. The Company expenses all variable lease costs as incurred.

Certain leased facilities are being partially or fully vacated as part of the 2022 Restructuring Plan and for some of those facilities, the Company has no plans to enter into sublease agreements. Accordingly, the Company may accelerate the amortization of those lease assets through the planned cease-use date of each facility, resulting in additional amortization expense. No such accelerated amortization was recorded in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 or 2024. The Company did not record estimated future variable lease costs in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 or 2024 related to the 2022 Restructuring Plan.

All incremental accelerated amortization and accruals for estimated future variable costs are included in Restructuring and related expense in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had accruals of $0.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively, for all future anticipated variable lease costs related to these facilities. The Company may incur additional future expense if it is unable to sublease other locations included in the Facilities Initiative.

The Company leases its corporate offices and other facilities under operating leases, which expire at various times through 2036.

The Company’s right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

    

June 30, 

December 31, 

    

    

Classification

    

2025

    

2024

    

Assets:

  

 

  

 

  

 

Operating lease assets

Operating lease right-of-use assets

$

47,383

$

34,544

Liabilities:

  

 

  

 

  

Current Operating

Operating lease liabilities

$

10,816

$

9,443

Non-Current Operating

Operating lease liabilities, net of current

 

62,063

 

37,376

Total Operating lease liabilities

$

72,879

$

46,819

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

The components of lease expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

    

Three months ended

Six months ended

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

2025

    

2024

    

2025

    

2024

Operating lease cost*

$

3,597

$

4,107

$

6,822

$

8,306

Short-term lease cost

 

3,553

 

3,413

 

7,080

 

6,854

Variable lease costs (costs excluded from minimum fixed lease payments)**

 

867

 

828

 

1,739

 

1,683

Sublease income

 

(96)

 

(217)

 

(216)

 

(477)

Net lease cost

$

7,921

$

8,131

$

15,425

$

16,366

*

No accelerated amortization was recorded in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 or 2024.

**

No variable lease costs were accrued in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 or 2024 for future estimated variable expenses related to certain assets partially or fully vacated with no intent or ability to sublease.

Cash flows related to the Company’s leases included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities were classified as operating cash flows and totaled $7.7 million and $9.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The Company’s non-cash investing and financing activities in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 related to the addition of operating leases resulted in right-of-use assets (“ROUs”) obtained in exchange for lease obligations of $17.3 million and $1.6 million, respectively, and operating lease liabilities recorded of $28.0 million and $1.6 million, respectively.

Other information related to the Company’s leases as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was as follows (in thousands):

June 30, 

December 31, 

    

2025

    

2024

 

Weighted average remaining lease term (years):

 

  

 

  

Operating leases

 

7.23

 

5.35

Weighted average discount rate:

 

  

  

Operating leases

 

9.36

%  

7.73

%

Future minimum fixed lease payments under noncancelable leases at June 30, 2025 were as follows (in thousands):

    

Operating

leases

Remainder of 2025

$

8,504

2026

 

16,895

2027

 

15,642

2028

 

12,988

2029

 

10,593

2030 and beyond

 

38,063

Total lease payments

 

102,685

Less: interest

 

(29,806)

Present value of lease liabilities

$

72,879

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

(18) INCOME TAXES

The Company recorded income tax provisions of $1.4 million and $4.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These amounts reflect the Company’s estimates of the effective rates expected to be applicable for the respective full years, adjusted for any discrete events, which are recorded in the period in which they occur. These estimates are reevaluated each quarter based on the Company’s estimated tax expense for the full fiscal year. The estimated effective tax rate includes the impact of valuation allowances in various jurisdictions. The Company intends to continue to maintain a valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of the respective allowances.

(19) RELATED PARTIES

The Company recognized revenue from its largest stockholder of $1.3 million and $1.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $3.0 million in both the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Also, the Company’s accounts receivable from its largest stockholder totaled $3.8 million and $5.5 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. In addition, certain related party stockholders participated in the Private Placement described in Note 11.

(20) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Contingencies

Liabilities for Royalty Payments to the IIA

Prior to the Company’s acquisition of ECI Telecom Group Ltd. ("ECI"), ECI had received research and development grants from the Office of the Innovation Authority of the Israeli Ministry of Economics (the "IIA"). The Company assumed ECI’s contract with the IIA, which requires the Company to pay royalties to the IIA on proceeds from the sale of products which the Israeli government has supported by way of research and development grants. The royalties for grants prior to 2017 were calculated at the rates of 1.3% to 5.0% of the aggregated proceeds from the sale of such products developed at certain of the Company’s R&D centers, up to an amount not exceeding 100% of such grants plus interest at LIBOR. Effective for grants approved in 2017 and effective through 2023, interest was calculated at the higher of LIBOR plus 1.5% to 2.75%. For grants approved in 2024 and thereafter, interest is calculated based on SOFR. At June 30, 2025, the Company had $1.3 million of unpaid royalties accrued. The Company’s maximum possible future royalties commitment at June 30, 2025 of $12.8 million, including interest of $0.8 million, was based upon estimates of future sales of product and services and the grants received from the IIA not yet repaid.

Litigation

The Company is often a party to disputes and legal proceedings that it considers routine and incidental to its business, including those described below. The Company believes that it has meritorious defenses to the allegations made in the pending cases and intends to vigorously defend these lawsuits; however, the Company is currently unable to forecast the ultimate outcome of these or similar matters. Since it is difficult to predict the outcome of legal proceedings, it is possible that the ultimate outcomes could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Accordingly, with respect to these proceedings, the Company is currently unable to reasonably estimate the possible loss or range of possible loss.

Charter Complaint. On September 19, 2022, Charter Communications Operating, LLC (“Charter”) filed two complaints against two of our subsidiaries (Sonus Networks, Inc. and Ribbon Communications Operating Company, Inc.) alleging breach of contract with respect to indemnification obligations purportedly owed to Charter in

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RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(unaudited)

connection with Charter’s legal dispute with Sprint Communications Company L.P., which was settled by Charter in March 2022. One complaint was filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, in New York County; the second complaint was filed by Charter as well as co-plaintiffs Charter Communications Holding Company, LLC and Bright House Networks, LLC, in the Superior Court of the State of Delaware in and for New Castle County. In both complaints, Charter is seeking monetary damages. The Company filed its answer to the first complaint file in New York on December 7, 2022 and to the second complaint filed in Delaware on January 9, 2023. On May 14, 2025, the Delaware court granted our dispositive motion for summary judgement and denied Charter’s motion for partial summary judgement. The Delaware court’s ruling ended the case in Delaware at the trial level. Charter has appealed the Delaware court’s ruling and briefing on the appeal is underway. Discovery remains on-going in the New York case. No trial date has been set for the case in New York.

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Item 2.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of the financial condition and results of operations of Ribbon Communications Inc. should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited financial statements and notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2025.

Overview

We are a leading global provider of communications technology to service providers and enterprises. We provide a broad range of software and high-performance hardware products, network solutions, and services that enable the secure delivery of data and voice communications, and high-bandwidth networking and connectivity for residential consumers and for small, medium, and large enterprises and industry verticals such as finance, education, government, utilities, and transportation. Our mission is to create a recognized global technology leader providing cloud-centric solutions that enable the secure exchange of information, with unparalleled scale, performance and elasticity. We are headquartered in Plano, Texas, and have a global presence with research and development or sales and support locations in over thirty countries around the world.

Key Trends and Economic Factors Affecting Ribbon

Tariffs. The United States has implemented, or threatened to implement, tariffs on products imported into the United States from numerous countries, including Mexico, Canada, China, Taiwan, Thailand and the European Union, amongst others. Many of these countries have implemented, or have threatened to implement, reciprocal tariffs in response. We maintain a global supply chain with our contract manufacturing partners located outside of the United States in several different countries. While the announced tariffs have not had a material impact on our business to date, the proposed tariffs, including exemptions under existing trade agreements or otherwise are continuing to evolve and could result in additional expenses for products we import into the United States. In addition, the economic uncertainty caused by the tariffs may result in customers delaying planned purchases of products and services.

Supplier Disruptions. Ongoing uncertainty in the global economy due to proposed and enacted tariffs and trade restrictions, inflation, the wars in Israel and Ukraine, national security concerns and other factors, continue to disrupt various manufacturing, commodity and financial markets, increase volatility, and impede global supply chains. Our ability to deliver our solutions as agreed upon with our customers depends in part on the ability of our global contract manufacturers, vendors, licensors and other business partners to deliver products or perform services we have procured from them.

Continued uncertain global economic conditions may cause our customers to restrict spending or delay purchases for an indeterminate period of time and consequently cause our revenues to decline. Further, such factors may negatively impact our operating costs resulting in a reduction in net income. The degree to which the ongoing wars in Israel and Ukraine, the inflationary and high interest rate environment and tariffs impacts our future business, financial position and results of operations will depend on developments beyond our control.

The Ongoing Wars in Israel and Ukraine. The uncertainty resulting from the wars in Israel and Ukraine, and the threat for expansion of one or both of these wars, could result in some of our customers delaying purchases from us. Further, a number of our employees in Israel are members of the military reserves and subject to immediate call-up in response to the war in Israel. Following the terrorist attacks in Israel in October 2023, a number of our employees have been activated for military duty and we expect that additional employees will also be activated if the war in Israel continues. While we have business continuity plans in place to address the military call-ups, it could affect the timing of projects in the short-term as the work is shifted to other team members both inside and outside of Israel.

The U.S. and other European countries have imposed sanctions and trade restrictions against Russia in connection with the war in Ukraine. These sanctions and restrictions currently prohibit our ability to sell hardware products in

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Russia or provide any replacement parts in Russia. The sanctions continue to evolve and further changes in the current sanctions or trade restrictions could further limit our ability to sell products and services to customers in Russia, our ability to collect on outstanding accounts receivable from such customers, and our ability to repatriate funds. If we are further limited in our ability to sell products and services to Russia and other countries for an extended period, it could have a material impact on our financial results.

Inflation and Interest Rates. We continue to see near-term impacts on our business due to inflation, including ongoing global price pressures resulting in higher energy prices, component costs, freight premiums, and other operating costs above normal rates. Although headline inflation in the United States and Europe appears to be easing, core inflation (excluding food and energy prices) remains elevated and is a source of continued cost pressure on businesses and households. Interest rates remain high as central banks in developed countries attempt to subdue inflation while government deficits and debt remain at high levels in many global markets. However, since its peak in 2024, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate to its current target range of 4.25% to 4.50% as a result of indicators that inflation had made progress toward the Federal Reserve’s objective and labor market conditions had generally eased. Yet, the economic outlook remains uncertain, and the implications of current and future tariffs, higher government deficits and debt, tighter monetary policy, and potentially higher long-term interest rates may drive a higher cost of capital for our business.

Presentation

Unless otherwise noted, all financial amounts, excluding tabular information, in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") are rounded to the nearest million dollar amount, and all percentages, excluding tabular information, are rounded to the nearest percentage point.

Operating Segments

Our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) assesses our performance based on the performance of two separate organizations within Ribbon: the Cloud and Edge operating segment ("Cloud and Edge") and the IP Optical Networks operating segment ("IP Optical Networks"). For additional details regarding our operating segments, see Note 13 - Operating Segment Information to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Financial Overview

Financial Results

We reported income from operations of $4.2 million and a loss from operations of $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We reported a loss from operations of $15.4 million for each of the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Our revenue was $220.6 million and $192.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our gross profit and gross margin were $109.3 million and 49.6%, respectively, in the three months ended June 30, 2025, and $97.9 million and 50.8%, respectively, in the three months ended June 30, 2024. The higher revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 2024 is due to $26.5 million of higher overall Cloud and Edge revenue and $1.5 million of higher IP Optical Networks sales. The higher Cloud and Edge revenue was attributable to $16.5 million of higher product sales and $10.8 million of higher sales of professional services, partially offset by $0.8 million of lower maintenance revenue. The higher IP Optical Networks revenue was primarily due to higher maintenance revenue. Our revenue was $401.9 million and $372.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our gross profit and gross margin were $191.7 million and 47.7%, respectively, in the six months ended June 30, 2025, and $189.8 million and 51.0%, respectively, in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The higher revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 2024 is due to $32.4 million of higher overall Cloud and Edge revenue, partially offset by $2.8 million of lower IP Optical Networks sales. The higher Cloud and Edge revenue was attributable to $18.8 million of higher sales of professional services and $16.9 million of higher product sales, partially offset by $3.3 million of lower maintenance revenue. The lower IP Optical Networks revenue was due to $6.6

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million of lower product sales, partially offset by $2.1 million of higher maintenance revenue and $1.6 million of higher sales of professional services.

Revenue from our Cloud and Edge segment was $137.0 million and $110.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Gross profit and gross margin for this segment were $83.7 million and 61.1%, respectively, in the three months ended June 30, 2025, and $70.4 million and 63.7%, respectively, in the three months ended June 30, 2024. Revenue from our Cloud and Edge segment was $244.6 million and $212.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Gross profit and gross margin for this segment were $149.8 million and 61.2%, respectively, in the six months ended June 30, 2025, and $134.9 million and 63.6%, respectively, in the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Revenue from our IP Optical Networks segment was $83.5 million and $82.1 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Gross profit and gross margin for this segment were $25.6 million and 30.6%, respectively, in the three months ended June 30, 2025, and $27.4 million and 33.4%, respectively, in the three months ended June 30, 2024. Revenue from our IP Optical Networks segment was $157.2 million and $160.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Gross profit and gross margin for this segment were $41.8 million and 26.6%, respectively, in the six months ended June 30, 2025, and $55.0 million and 34.3%, respectively, in the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Our operating expenses were $105.1 million and $99.8 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $207.1 million and $205.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increased operating expenses are primarily attributable to $3.9 million of legal and professional fees recorded in 2025 associated with contemplated corporate development activities, and slightly higher general and administrative expenses, partially offset by lower sales and marketing expense. Operating expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2025 included $6.0 million of amortization of acquired intangible assets, $3.9 million of acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related expense and $1.3 million of restructuring and related expense. Operating expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2024 included $6.5 million of amortization of acquired intangible assets, and $1.9 million of restructuring and related expense. Operating expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2025 included $12.1 million of amortization of acquired intangible assets, $3.9 million of acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related expense and $6.7 million of restructuring and related expense. Operating expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2024 included $13.2 million of amortization of acquired intangible assets, and $5.0 million of restructuring and related expense.

We recorded stock-based compensation expense of $4.5 million and $3.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $8.8 million and $8.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These amounts are included as components of both Cost of revenue and Operating expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

See "Results of Operations" in this MD&A for a discussion of the changes in our revenue and expenses for three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

Restructuring and Cost Reduction Initiatives

During the first quarter of 2025, our President and CEO approved a strategic restructuring program (the "2025 Restructuring Plan") that consists of workforce reductions in certain of our operating locations to correspond with current sales levels in those areas. Any potential positions eliminated in countries outside the United States are subject to local law and consultation requirements. In connection with the 2025 Restructuring Plan, we recorded restructuring and related expense of $0.2 million and $2.6 million in three and six months ended June 30, 2025. We anticipate that we will record additional expense in 2025 for workforce reductions in connection with the 2025 Restructuring Plan.

In February 2022, our Board of Directors approved a strategic restructuring program (the "2022 Restructuring Plan") to streamline our operations in order to support our investment in critical growth areas. The 2022 Restructuring Plan includes, among other things, charges related to a consolidation of facilities and a workforce reduction. Any positions eliminated in countries outside the United States are subject to local law and consultation requirements. In connection with the 2022 Restructuring Plan, we recorded restructuring and related expense of $1.2 million and

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$4.3 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, for variable and other facilities-related costs. We anticipate that we will record approximately $2 million of expense in the remainder of 2025 related to the 2022 Restructuring Plan.

For facilities that are part of a restructuring plan, for which we have no intent or ability to enter into a sublease, we recognize accelerated rent amortization over the period from the date that we commence the plan to fully or partially vacate a facility through the final vacate date. We did not record accelerated rent amortization in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 or 2024. We continue to evaluate our properties included in our restructuring plans for accelerated amortization and/or right-of-use asset impairment. We may incur additional expense in the future if we are unable to sublease other locations included in these initiatives.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

This MD&A is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience, knowledge of current conditions and beliefs of what could occur in the future given available information. We consider certain accounting policies to be both those most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and those that require the most subjective judgment. The significant accounting policies that we believe are the most critical include revenue recognition, the valuation of inventory, warranty accruals, loss contingencies and reserves, stock-based compensation, the Preferred Stock and Warrants, business combinations, goodwill and intangible assets, accounting for leases, and accounting for income taxes. If actual results differ significantly from management’s estimates and projections, there could be a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements. There were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies from January 1, 2025 through June 30, 2025. For a further discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates, please refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Results of Operations

Three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Revenue. Revenue for three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

    

    

    

Increase

 

Three months ended

from prior year

June 30, 

June 30, 

    

2025

    

2024

    

$

    

%  

 

Product

$

115,057

$

99,133

$

15,924

16.1

%

Service

 

105,526

 

93,487

 

12,039

12.9

%

Total revenue

$

220,583

$

192,620

$

27,963

14.5

%

    

    

    

Increase

 

Six months ended

from prior year

June 30, 

June 30, 

2025

    

2024

    

$

    

%  

 

Product

$

197,048

$

186,743

$

10,305

5.5

%

Service

 

204,814

 

185,541

 

19,273

10.4

%

Total revenue

$

401,862

$

372,284

$

29,578

7.9

%

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Segment revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was as follows (in thousands):

    

Three months ended June 30, 2025

    

Three months ended June 30, 2024

Cloud and

IP Optical

Cloud and

IP Optical

    

Edge

    

Networks

    

Total

    

Edge

    

Networks

    

Total

Product

$

56,112

$

58,945

$

115,057

$

39,586

$

59,547

$

99,133

Service

 

80,936

 

24,590

 

105,526

 

70,969

 

22,518

 

93,487

Total revenue

$

137,048

$

83,535

$

220,583

$

110,555

$

82,065

$

192,620

    

Six months ended June 30, 2025

    

Six months ended June 30, 2024

Cloud and

IP Optical

Cloud and

IP Optical

    

Edge

    

Networks

    

Total

    

Edge

    

Networks

    

Total

Product

$

87,973

$

109,075

$

197,048

$

71,099

$

115,644

$

186,743

Service

 

156,666

 

48,148

 

204,814

 

141,125

 

44,416

 

185,541

Total revenue

$

244,639

$

157,223

$

401,862

$

212,224

$

160,060

$

372,284

The increase in our product revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 was the result of $17 million of higher sales of our Cloud and Edge products, partially offset by a slight decrease in sales of IP Optical Networks products. The increase in our product revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 was the result of $17 million of higher sales of our Cloud and Edge products, partially offset by a $7 million decrease in sales of IP Optical Networks products. The increase in revenue from the sale of Cloud and Edge products was primarily attributable to U.S. service providers and Federal agencies. The decrease in sales of IP Optical Networks products was primarily due to lower sales in Eastern Europe, partially offset by higher sales in India and the United States.

Revenue from sales to enterprise customers was 34% and 38% of our product revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These sales were made through both our direct sales team and indirect sales channel partners. Revenue from sales to enterprise customers was 32% and 41% of our product revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in enterprise sales primarily reflects lower sales of our products to Federal agencies and other enterprise customers.

Revenue from indirect sales through our channel partner program was 34% and 32% of our product revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and 31% and 41% of our product revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in channel sales in the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily reflects lower sales of products to Federal agencies and other enterprise customers.

The timing of the completion of customer projects and revenue recognition criteria satisfaction may cause our product revenue to fluctuate from one period to the next.

Service revenue is primarily comprised of software and hardware maintenance and support (“maintenance revenue”) and network design, installation and other professional services (“professional services revenue”).

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Service revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was comprised of the following (in thousands, except percentages):

     

     

Increase

Three months ended

from prior year

June 30, 

June 30, 

 

2025

     

2024

     

$

     

%

 

Maintenance

$

68,297

$

67,520

$

777

1.2

%

Professional services

 

37,229

 

25,967

 

11,262

43.4

%

Total service revenue

$

105,526

$

93,487

$

12,039

12.9

%

     

     

Increase/(decrease)

 

Six months ended

from prior year

 

June 30, 

June 30, 

 

2025

     

2024

     

$

     

%

 

Maintenance

$

134,719

$

135,901

$

(1,182)

(0.9)

%

Professional services

 

70,095

 

49,640

 

20,455

41.2

%

Total service revenue

$

204,814

$

185,541

$

19,273

10.4

%

Segment service revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was comprised of the following (in thousands):

    

Three months ended June 30, 2025

    

Three months ended June 30, 2024

Cloud and

IP Optical

Cloud and

IP Optical

Edge

    

Networks

    

Total

    

Edge

    

Networks

    

Total

Maintenance

$

51,816

$

16,481

$

68,297

$

52,663

$

14,857

$

67,520

Professional services

 

29,120

 

8,109

 

37,229

 

18,306

 

7,661

 

25,967

Total service revenue

$

80,936

$

24,590

$

105,526

$

70,969

$

22,518

$

93,487

    

Six months ended June 30, 2025

    

Six months ended June 30, 2024

Cloud and

IP Optical

Cloud and

IP Optical

Edge

    

Networks

    

Total

    

Edge

    

Networks

    

Total

Maintenance

$

102,584

$

32,135

$

134,719

$

105,859

$

30,042

$

135,901

Professional services

 

54,082

 

16,013

 

70,095

 

35,266

 

14,374

 

49,640

Total service revenue

$

156,666

$

48,148

$

204,814

$

141,125

$

44,416

$

185,541

Total service revenue was higher in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due to increased revenue in both of our segments. Total service revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 2024 increased by $10 million and $2 million in our Cloud and Edge and IP Optical Networks segments, respectively. Total service revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 2024 increased by $15 million and $4 million in our Cloud and Edge and IP Optical Networks segments, respectively.

Maintenance revenue was relatively flat in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due to lower revenue in our Cloud and Edge segment, partially offset by higher revenue in our IP Optical Networks segment. The decrease in Cloud and Edge maintenance revenue is due to modestly lower renewal rates from decommissioning some older legacy equipment with several customers. The higher maintenance revenue in our IP Optical Networks segment is due to the effect of cumulative growth in product revenues over the years leading to a larger Installed Base that requires our ongoing support primarily in North America and Europe.

Professional services revenue was higher in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due to growth in both of our segments. Our Cloud and Edge segment’s growth was due to sales of professional services to U.S. service providers, primarily for voice modernization projects with Verizon. Our IP Optical

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Table of Contents

Networks segment experienced growth of sales of services primarily in the region of Europe, the Middle East and Africa ( “EMEA”), India, and North America.

The following customer contributed 10% or more of our revenue in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

    

Three months ended

 

Six months ended

 

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

June 30, 

Customer

    

2025

    

2024

 

2025

    

2024

 

Verizon Communications Inc.

21

%  

12

%

18

%  

11

%  

Revenue earned from customers domiciled outside the United States was 47% and 58% in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 51% and 59% of revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our U.S. revenue is increasing due to higher sales into the U.S. market from both of our segments. Due to the timing of project completions, we expect that the domestic and international components as a percentage of our revenue may fluctuate from quarter to quarter and year to year.

Our deferred product revenue was $12 million and $14 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Our deferred service revenue was $135 million and $126 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Our deferred revenue balance may fluctuate as a result of the timing of revenue recognition, customer payments, maintenance contract renewals, contractual billing rights and maintenance revenue deferrals included in multiple element arrangements.

We expect that our total revenue in 2025 will increase compared to our revenue in 2024 due to growth in Cloud & Edge segment sales, particularly with the increased purchases from Verizon as part of a voice modernization project, as well as growth in IP Optical segment sales. From a regional perspective, we anticipate continued IP Optical revenue growth in 2025 from North America, EMEA and India. In the Cloud & Edge segment, we expect continued revenue growth from Enterprise customers, as well as from higher U.S. service provider spending.

Cost of Revenue/Gross Margin. Our cost of revenue consists primarily of amounts paid to third-party manufacturers for purchased materials and services, royalties, amortization of acquired technology, inventory valuation adjustments, warranty costs, and manufacturing and services personnel and related costs. Our cost of revenue, gross profit and gross margin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

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Table of Contents

    

    

    

Increase/(decrease)

 

    

Three months ended

from prior year

June 30, 

    

June 30, 

    

 

    

2025

2024

    

$

    

%  

Cost of revenue:

 

Product

$

66,746

$

54,845

11,901

21.7

%

Service

 

39,253

 

33,376

 

5,877

17.6

%

Amortization of acquired technology

 

5,277

 

6,532

 

(1,255)

(19.2)

%

Total cost of revenue

$

111,276

$

94,753

 

16,523

17.4

%

Gross profit

$

109,307

$

97,867

$

11,440

11.7

%

Gross margin

49.6

%

50.8

%

    

    

Increase/(decrease)

 

    

Six months ended

from prior year

June 30, 

    

June 30, 

    

    

2025

2024

    

$

    

%  

 

Cost of revenue:

  

  

  

  

 

Product

$

124,639

$

100,639

24,000

23.8

%

Service

74,881

68,740

6,141

8.9

%

Amortization of acquired technology

 

10,665

 

13,083

 

(2,418)

 

(18.5)

%

Total cost of revenue

$

210,185

$

182,462

 

27,723

 

15.2

%

Gross profit

$

191,677

$

189,822

$

1,855

 

1.0

%

Gross margin

47.7

%

51.0

%

Our segment cost of revenue, gross profit and gross margin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

    

Three months ended June 30, 2025

    

Three months ended June 30, 2024

 

Cloud and

    

IP Optical

    

Cloud and

    

IP Optical

    

Edge

Networks

Total

Edge

Networks

Total

 

Product

$

24,713

$

42,033

$

66,746

$

15,774

$

39,071

$

54,845

 

Service

 

27,679

 

11,574

 

39,253

 

22,105

 

11,271

 

33,376

Amortization of acquired technology

 

949

 

4,328

 

5,277

 

2,235

 

4,297

 

6,532

Total cost of revenue

$

53,341

$

57,935

$

111,276

$

40,114

$

54,639

$

94,753

Gross profit

$

83,707

$

25,600

$

109,307

$

70,441

$

27,426

$

97,867

Gross margin

 

61.1

%  

 

30.6

%  

 

49.6

%  

 

63.7

%  

 

33.4

%  

 

50.8

%

    

Six months ended June 30, 2025

    

Six months ended June 30, 2024

 

Cloud and

    

IP Optical

    

Cloud and

    

IP Optical

    

Edge

Networks

Total

Edge

Networks

Total

 

Product

$

40,376

$

84,263

$

124,639

$

27,182

$

73,457

$

100,639

 

Service

 

52,533

 

22,348

 

74,881

 

45,709

 

23,031

 

68,740

Amortization of acquired technology

 

1,897

 

8,768

 

10,665

 

4,462

 

8,621

 

13,083

Total cost of revenue

$

94,806

$

115,379

$

210,185

$

77,353

$

105,109

$

182,462

Gross profit

$

149,833

$

41,844

$

191,677

$

134,871

$

54,951

$

189,822

Gross margin

 

61.2

%  

 

26.6

%  

 

47.7

%  

 

63.6

%  

 

34.3

%  

 

51.0

%

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Table of Contents

Our gross margin was lower as compared to 2024 with a 1% decrease overall in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and a 3% decrease overall in the six months ended June 30, 2025 as a result of lower margins in both of our segments.

The lower margin in the six months ended June 30, 2025 in our IP Optical segment was due to regional mix primarily related to lower sales in Eastern Europe and higher sales in India. The lower margin in our Cloud and Edge segment was primarily attributable to product mix on sales to service providers and enterprise customers, as well as the effect of higher sales of hardware products and professional services, both of which contribute lower gross margins than our software products.

We expect our overall consolidated gross margin to decrease slightly for the full year 2025 compared to 2024 due to higher expected sales in our IP Optical segment, which has lower margins due to the higher hardware content in its products, as well as the higher mix of professional services revenue in our Cloud and Edge segment, which generates lower gross margins than product sales.

Research and Development. R&D expenses consist primarily of salaries and related personnel expenses and prototype costs for the design, development, testing, and enhancement of our products. R&D expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

Increase/(decrease)

 

June 30, 

June 30, 

from prior year

 

    

2025

    

2024

    

$

    

%  

 

Three months ended

$

44,696

$

43,489

$

1,207

2.8

%

Six months ended

$

88,264

$

89,252

$

(988)

(1.1)

%

The increase in our R&D expenses in the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 was attributable to higher employee and consulting costs in our Cloud and Edge segment. The decrease in R&D expenses in the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 2024 was primarily due to lower costs in our IP Optical Networks segment.

Our IP Optical Networks R&D investment is focused on significantly expanding our portfolio of IP Routing solutions, adding additional features and capabilities to our Optical Transport portfolio, and supporting features in our next generation SDN management and orchestration platform.

Some aspects of our R&D efforts require significant short-term expenditures, the timing of which may cause variability in our expenses. We believe that rapid technological innovation is critical to our long-term success, and we are tailoring our investments to meet the requirements of our customers and market. We believe that our R&D expenses will increase modestly in 2025 primarily due to higher employee and consulting costs related to modifying certain legacy products and certain of our cloud native solutions.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and related personnel costs, commissions, travel and entertainment expenses, promotions, customer trial and evaluations inventory and other marketing and sales support expenses. Sales and marketing expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

Decrease

 

June 30, 

June 30, 

from prior year 

 

    

2025

    

2024

    

$

    

%

 

Three months ended

$

32,536

$

32,984

$

(448)

(1.4)

%

Six months ended

$

64,324

$

67,700

$

(3,376)

(5.0)

%

The decrease in sales and marketing expenses in 2025 as compared to 2024 was primarily due to lower commissions, partially offset by higher travel expenses.

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Table of Contents

We believe our sales and marketing expenses will be relatively flat in 2025 as compared to 2024.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related personnel costs for executive and administrative personnel, and audit, legal and other professional fees. General and administrative expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

Increase

 

June 30, 

June 30, 

from prior year

    

2025

    

2024

    

$

    

%  

Three months ended

$

16,630

$

14,901

$

1,729

11.6

%

Six months ended

$

31,758

$

30,092

$

1,666

5.5

%

The increase in general and administrative expenses in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to higher employee related costs and litigation expenses.

We believe that our general and administrative expenses in 2025 will decrease slightly compared to our 2024 levels, primarily due to lower litigation expenses, partially offset by higher employee costs related to annual merit increases.

Amortization of Acquired Intangible Assets included in Operating expenses. Amortization of acquired intangible assets included in Operating expenses ("Opex Amortization") for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

Decrease

 

June 30, 

June 30, 

from prior year

    

2025

    

2024

    

$

    

%

 

Three months ended

$

5,975

$

6,508

$

(533)

(8.2)

%

Six months ended

$

12,130

$

13,214

$

(1,084)

(8.2)

%

Opex Amortization was lower for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. We record our amortization in relation to expected future cash flows rather than on a straight-line basis. Accordingly, such expense may vary from one period to the next.

Acquisition-, Disposal- and Integration-Related. Acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related expenses include those expenses related to acquisitions and disposals that we would otherwise not have incurred. Acquisition- and disposal-related expenses include professional and services fees, such as legal, audit, consulting, paying agent and other fees. Integration-related expenses represent incremental costs related to combining our systems and processes with those of acquired businesses, such as third-party consulting and other third-party services.

We recorded $3.9 million of acquisition-, disposal- and integration-related expenses in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 consisting of legal and professional fees associated with contemplated corporate development activities. We recorded no such expenses in 2024.

Restructuring and Related. We have been committed to streamlining our operations and reducing operating costs by closing and consolidating certain facilities and reducing our worldwide workforce. Please see the additional discussion of our restructuring initiatives in the "Restructuring and Cost Reduction Initiatives" section of the Overview of this MD&A.

We recorded restructuring and related expense of $1.3 million and $1.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively and $6.7 million and $5.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Although we have eliminated positions as part of our restructuring initiatives, we continue to hire in certain areas that we believe are important to our future growth.

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Table of Contents

Interest Expense, Net. Interest expense and interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

Increase

 

Three months ended

from prior year

    

June 30, 2025

    

June 30, 2024

    

$

    

%

 

Interest income

$

322

$

48

$

274

570.8

%

Interest expense

 

(11,299)

 

(3,927)

$

7,372

187.7

%

Interest expense, net

$

(10,977)

$

(3,879)

$

7,098

183.0

%

Increase

 

Six months ended

from prior year

    

June 30, 2025

    

June 30, 2024

    

$

    

%

 

Interest income

$

580

$

154

$

426

276.7

%

Interest expense

 

(22,057)

 

(10,020)

$

12,037

120.1

%

Interest expense, net

$

(21,477)

$

(9,866)

$

11,611

117.7

%

Interest income increased slightly in 2025 as compared to 2024 due to interest earned on a cash investment account established in late 2024. Our interest expense in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily represents interest, and amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount. Our interest expense in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily represents interest, amortization of debt issuance costs, and the amortization of gains in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (“AOCI”) from the sales of our interest rate swap. Interest expense in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was higher than same periods in 2024 primarily due to higher margins under our 2024 Term Loan as compared to our 2020 Term Loan, both as defined below, as well as the lack of amortization of gains in AOCI in 2025 from sales of our interest rate swap. These gains in AOCI were fully written off upon the refinancing of the 2020 Term Loan on June 21, 2024.

Other (Expense) Income, Net. We recorded other expense, net of $2.2 million and $9.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We recorded other income, net of $1.0 million, and other expense, net of $17.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Other expense, net in the three months ended June 30, 2025 was primarily comprised of foreign currency exchange losses. Other income, net in the six months ended June 30, 2025 was primarily comprised of $1.6 million of fair value adjustments of our Warrants, partially offset by foreign currency exchange losses of $0.6 million. Other expense, net in the three months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily comprised of the fair value adjustment, call premium and accrued dividends related to our Preferred Stock that we redeemed on June 25, 2024. Other expense, net in the six months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily comprised of $5.7 million of fair value adjustments, $2.7 million of accrued dividends and the $1.8 million call premium on our Preferred Stock that we redeemed on June 25, 2024, and foreign currency exchange losses of $2.0 million.

Income Taxes. We recorded income tax provisions of $2.2 million and $1.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $1.4 million and $4.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the tax expense included a release of an uncertain tax position of $3.7 million (inclusive of accrued penalties and interest) that was effectively settled upon closure of an audit. These amounts reflect our estimates of the effective rates expected to be applicable for the respective full fiscal years, adjusted for any discrete events, which are recorded in the period that they occur. These estimates are reevaluated each quarter based on our estimated tax rate for the full year. The estimated effective tax rate includes the impact of valuation allowances in various jurisdictions. We intend to continue to maintain a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of the respective allowances.

In October 2021, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the "OECD") announced the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting, which agreed to a two-pillar solution to address tax challenges arising from digitalization of the economy. In December 2021, the OECD released Pillar Two Model Rules defining the global minimum tax rules, which contemplate a minimum tax rate of 15% (“Pillar Two”). In addition, the OECD issued administrative guidance providing transition and safe harbor rules that could delay the impact of the minimum tax directive. Certain countries in which we operate have enacted legislation consistent with the OECD model rules effective beginning in 2024. We considered the applicable tax laws in relevant jurisdictions and concluded there

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was no material effect on our tax provision for the six months ended June 30, 2025. We will continue to evaluate the potential effect of Pillar Two rules on our future reporting periods, but we do not expect Pillar Two to have a significant impact on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the "Act") was enacted. The Act reinstates bonus depreciation, allows for full expensing of research and development expenses, and increases the limitation of interest deductibility for 2025, amongst many other provisions. We are currently evaluating the impact the Act will have on our taxable position for the 2025 tax year, our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial position, changes in financial position, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows are summarized as follows (in thousands):

    

Six months ended

    

    

    

June 30, 

June 30, 

    

2025

    

2024

    

Change

    

Net loss

$

(37,320)

$

(47,177)

$

9,857

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities

 

30,690

 

35,274

 

(4,584)

 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities

 

2,300

 

15,225

 

(12,925)

 

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities

$

(4,330)

$

3,322

$

(7,652)

Net cash used in investing activities

$

(17,831)

$

(5,876)

$

(11,955)

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

$

(7,393)

$

43,456

$

(50,849)

We had cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash aggregating $62 million and $90 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. We had cash held by our non-U.S. subsidiaries aggregating $25 million and $18 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. If we elect to repatriate all of the funds held by our non-U.S. subsidiaries as of June 30, 2025, we do not believe that the amounts of potential withholding taxes that would arise from the repatriation would have a material effect on our liquidity.

On June 21, 2024, we entered into a Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreement (the “2024 Credit Facility” or “2024 Credit Agreement”) as guarantor, with our wholly-owned subsidiary, Ribbon Communications Operating Company, Inc., as the borrower (“Borrower”), HPS Investment Partners, LLC ("HPS"), as administrative agent, and HPS and WhiteHorse Capital Management, LLC ("WhiteHorse" and, together with HPS, the "Lenders"), pursuant to which the Lenders provided us with a $385 million Credit Agreement comprised of (i) a $350 million term loan (the “2024 Term Loan”) and (ii) a $35 million revolving credit facility (the “2024 Revolver”), including a $20 million sublimit for letters of credit. The proceeds received from the 2024 Term Loan were used to (a) repay 100% of the amounts outstanding under the 2020 Credit Facility, (b) redeem in full the Preferred Stock and (c) pay fees and expenses related to the 2024 Credit Facility. Excess proceeds are being used by us for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

The 2024 Term Loan and the 2024 Revolver bear interest, at the Borrower’s option, at either the Alternate Base Rate (“ABR”) or Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") with an Applicable Margin for each (all as defined in the 2024 Credit Facility). Margins for the first six months were 5.25% per annum for ABR Loans and 6.25% per annum for SOFR Loans. Thereafter, margins vary based on our Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio, ranging from 4.75% to 5.25% per annum for ABR Loans and 5.75% to 6.25% per annum for SOFR Loans. The 2024 Term Loan and the 2024 Revolver will both mature on June 21, 2029. The 2024 Term Loan is being repaid in equal quarterly installments: approximately $0.9 million beginning with the third quarter of 2024 through the second quarter of 2025; approximately

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$2.2 million beginning with the third quarter of 2025 and ending with the second quarter of 2027; and approximately $4.4 million quarterly thereafter, with the remaining principal balance of approximately $298.4 million due on the maturity date of June 21, 2029. In connection with the establishment of the 2024 Credit Facility, $7.7 million of original issue discount was withheld by the Lenders, and we incurred $6.3 million of debt issuance costs for a total of $14.0 million that is being amortized to Interest expense, net over the term of the agreement.

Our previous credit facility was the Senior Secured Credit Facilities Credit Agreement (as amended, the "2020 Credit Facility"), which we entered into on March 3, 2020, by and among us, as a guarantor, Ribbon Communications Operating Company, Inc., as the borrower (the "Borrower"), Citizens Bank, N.A., Santander Bank, N.A., and others as lenders, ("2020 Credit Facility Lenders"). For additional details regarding the terms of the 2024 Credit Facility and 2020 Credit Facility, see Note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

We entered into the Sixth Amendment to the 2020 Credit Facility (the “Sixth Amendment”) effective March 30, 2023. Among other things, the Sixth Amendment reduced the maximum borrowings allowed under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility from $100 million to $75 million and the sublimit available for letters of credit was reduced from $30 million to $20 million. Also, the Sixth Amendment replaced LIBOR with the SOFR as the alternative rate available to us for calculating interest owed under the 2020 Credit Facility with the margin fixed at 4.5%. In conjunction with the Sixth Amendment, we made a $75 million prepayment to our 2020 Credit Facility funded almost entirely from the net proceeds from the Private Placement and the sales of our interest rate swap. Debt issuance costs associated with the Sixth Amendment totaled $1.7 million and were being amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining life of the 2020 Credit Facility to Interest expense, net and were written off in conjunction with the early extinguishment of the 2020 Credit Facility on June 21, 2024.

Quarterly principal payments were required on the 2020 Term Loan aggregating approximately $5.0 million per quarter through March 31, 2024, and if the refinancing had not occurred, $10.0 million would have been required in each of the three quarters thereafter, with the remaining and final payment due on the maturity date in March 2025.

At June 30, 2025, we had an outstanding balance under the 2024 Term Loan of $346.5 million at an average interest rate of 10.6%, with no revolver balance and no letters of credit outstanding under our 2024 Credit Facility. We were in compliance with all covenants of the 2024 Credit Facility at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

In the course of our business, we use letters of credit, bank guarantees, and surety bonds (collectively, "Guarantees"). We had $9.9 million and $10.9 million of Guarantees under various uncommitted facilities as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. We had no letters of credit outstanding under the 2024 Credit Facility as of June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had cash collateral of $1.8 million and $2.7 million supporting the Guarantees, respectively, which are reported as Restricted cash in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We are exposed to financial market risk related to foreign currency fluctuations and changes in interest rates. These exposures are actively monitored by management. To manage the volatility related to the exposure to changes in interest rates, we may enter into a derivative financial instrument. Management’s objective has been to reduce, where it is deemed appropriate to do so, fluctuations in earnings and cash flows associated with changes in interest rates. Our policies and practices are to use derivative financial instruments only to the extent necessary to manage exposures. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

As a result of exposure to interest rate movements, we entered into an interest rate swap arrangement in March 2020 which effectively converted our $400 million term loan with its variable interest rate based upon one-month LIBOR to an aggregate fixed rate of 0.904%, plus a leverage-based margin as defined in the 2020 Credit Facility.

In two separate transactions during 2022, we sold a total of $60 million of the notional amount of our interest rate swap back to our counterparty for $3.1 million, reducing the notional amount of this swap to $340 million. The gain in Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to these sales totaled $3.1 million and was being released into earnings on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the 2020 Credit Facility as a decrease to interest expense, the amortization of which totaled $0.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The remaining unamortized gain in

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Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income of approximately $0.5 million was written off to interest expense in conjunction with the refinancing of the 2020 Credit Facility on June 21, 2024.

In two separate transactions in 2023, we received a total of $19.2 million, consisting of $0.8 million of interest and $18.4 million for the sale of the remaining $340 million notional amount of our swap. The portion of the gain in Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to the term loan debt prepaid on the date of the final sale of our swap totaled $7.3 million and was released into earnings immediately as Other expense, net. The portion of the gain in Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to our remaining term loan debt balance totaled $12.0 million and was being released into earnings on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the 2020 Credit Facility as a decrease to interest expense beginning in the second quarter of 2023, the amortization of which was $3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The remaining unamortized gain in Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income of $4.4 million was written off to interest expense in conjunction with the refinancing of the 2020 Credit Facility on June 21, 2024.

Our objectives in using interest rate derivatives have been to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, we have used an interest rate swap as part of our interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for making fixed-rate payments over the life of an agreement without exchange of the underlying notional amount.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of designated derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income in the condensed consolidated balance sheet and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transactions affect earnings. Any ineffective portion of the change in the fair value of the derivative would be recognized directly in earnings. However, we recorded no hedge ineffectiveness over the life of our swap. We had no derivative assets or liabilities at June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

In the second quarter of 2025, our Board approved a share repurchase program (the "2025 Repurchase Program" or the “Repurchase Program”) pursuant to which we are authorized to repurchase up to $50 million of our common stock prior to December 31, 2027. We repurchased 0.6 million shares in the quarter ended June 30, 2025, using $2.3 million, with $47.7 million remaining for future repurchases as of June 30, 2025.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Our primary source of cash from operating activities has been from cash collections from our customers. We expect cash flows from operating activities to be affected by increases and decreases in sales volumes and timing of collections, and by purchases and shipments of inventory. Our primary uses of cash for operating activities have been for personnel costs and investment in our research and development and in our sales and marketing, and general and administrative departments.

We used $4.3 million of cash for operating activities in the six months ended June 30, 2025, largely driven by the payment of variable employee compensation, higher inventory and lower accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities. These amounts were partially offset by higher deferred revenue and accounts payable and lower accounts receivable. Our net loss is adjusted for non-cash expenses such as amortization of intangible assets, stock-based compensation, the change in the fair value of our Warrant liability and deferred income tax expense.

Our operating activities provided cash of $3.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. This included a $6.7 million one-time payment of accumulated dividends as a result of our redemption of our Preferred Stock liability on June 25, 2024. Cash provided by operating activities was also affected by lower accounts receivable and other operating assets, certain non-cash expenses such as amortization of intangible assets and stock-based compensation, and the increase in the fair value of our Preferred Stock liability. These amounts were partially offset by our net loss and lower accounts payable, deferred revenue and accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities, higher inventory, and certain non-cash items such as amortization of an accumulated other comprehensive gain related to our interest rate swap and deferred income taxes.

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Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Our investing activities used $17.8 million and $5.9 million of cash to purchase property and equipment in the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase is primarily due to our build out of a new facility in Israel.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Our financing activities used $7.4 million of cash in the six months ended June 30, 2025. We paid $1.8 million in principal payments on our 2024 Term Debt, $3.4 million of tax obligations related to the vesting of stock awards and units and $2.3 million for the repurchase and retirement of our common stock under the 2025 Repurchase Program.

Our financing activities provided $43.5 million of cash in the six months ended June 30, 2024. We received $342.3 million of proceeds from the issuance of term debt related to the 2024 Credit Facility, net of $7.7 million of original issue discount, that was established on June 21, 2024 to refinance the 2020 Credit Facility. Also, we had $44.1 million of both borrowings and principal payments under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility. In conjunction with the establishment of the 2024 Credit Facility, we repaid the 2020 Term Debt amounting to $235.4 million, redeemed all of the outstanding Preferred Stock totaling $56.9 million, and paid $4.0 million in debt issuance costs. In addition, we paid $2.6 million of tax obligations related to the vesting of stock awards and units.

The rate at which we consume cash is dependent upon the cash needs of our future operations, including our contractual obligations at June 30, 2025, primarily comprised of our debt principal and interest obligations as described above, and our operating lease and purchase obligations. Our operating lease obligations totaled $102.7 million at June 30, 2025, with payments to be made aggregating $8.5 million in the remainder of 2025, $16.9 million in 2026, $15.6 million in 2027 and $61.7 million thereafter. Estimated payments for purchase obligations for the full year 2025 total approximately $96.2 million. We anticipate devoting substantial capital resources to continue our R&D efforts, to maintain our sales, support and marketing, and for other general corporate activities. We believe that our financial resources, along with managing discretionary expenses, will allow us to manage the ongoing impact of inflation on our business operations. Looking ahead, we have developed contingency plans to reduce costs further if the situation deteriorates.

Based on our current expectations, we believe that our current cash balances and available borrowings under the 2024 Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures for at least twelve months from the date of issuance of these financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement, Reporting Comprehensive Income: Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) (“ASU 2024-03”), which requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements. The objective of this standard is to provide investors with information to better understand a public entity’s performance and prospects for future cash flows, and to compare its performance over time with that of other entities. ASU 2024-03 will be effective for us beginning with our 2027 annual financial statements and interim financial statements thereafter, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2024-03 will require us to provide new footnote disclosure about the types of expenses that are included in certain captions on our Statements of Operations, such as Cost of revenue, Research and development, Sales and marketing, and General and administrative.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which increases the disclosure requirements around rate reconciliation information and certain types of income taxes companies are required to pay. ASU 2023-09 will be effective for us beginning with our 2025 annual financial statements. We expect the adoption of the standard will require certain additional income tax disclosure.

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Item 3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. There have been no material changes in market risk from the information provided in Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 4.   Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2025.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.   Legal Proceedings

We are subject to legal proceedings and claims that have not been fully resolved and that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. Our material legal proceedings are described in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Note 20, "Commitments and Contingencies," under the heading "Contingencies."

The outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain. If one or more legal matters were resolved against the Company in a reporting period for amounts above management’s expectations, our financial condition and operating results for that reporting period could be materially adversely affected. We settled certain matters during the six months ended June 30, 2025 that did not individually or in the aggregate have a material impact on our financial condition or operating results.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

Our business faces significant risks and uncertainties, which may have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations, and you should carefully consider them. There have been no material changes in the six months ended June 30, 2025 to the risk factors described in Part I, Item 1A. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(c)   Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information with respect to the shares of common stock repurchased by us for the periods indicated:

    

    

    

Approximate Dollar

Total Number of

Value of Shares

Shares Purchased

that May

as Part of

Yet be Purchased

Total Number

Average

Publicly

Under

of Shares

Price Paid

Announced Plans

the Plans

Period

    

Purchased (1)

    

per Share

    

or Programs (2)

    

or Programs (3)

April 1, 2025 to April 30, 2025

272,304

$

3.55

$

May 1, 2025 to May 31, 2025

359,001

$

3.62

$

June 1, 2025 to June 30, 2025

50,581

$

3.74

572,810

$

47,746,588

Total

681,886

$

3.60

572,810

$

47,746,588

(1)Upon vesting of restricted stock awards, certain of our employees surrender a portion of the newly vested shares of common stock to satisfy the tax withholding obligations that arise in connection with their vesting. During the second quarter of 2025, 681,886 shares of restricted stock were surrendered.
(2)In June 2025, we announced a stock repurchase program for the period beginning June 5, 2025 through December 31, 2027, under which our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50 million of our common stock at management’s discretion in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions structured through investment banking institutions, or a combination of the foregoing, (the "2025 Repurchase Program" or the “Repurchase Program”). We used $2.3 million to repurchase 572,810 shares of our common stock under the Repurchase Program during the second quarter of 2025. At June 30, 2025, we had $47.7 million remaining under the Repurchase Program for future repurchases. The amount and timing of repurchases are subject to a variety of factors including liquidity, cash flow, stock price, compliance with our credit facility and general business and market conditions. We may also from time to time, enter into Rule 10b5-1 plans to facilitate repurchases of our shares under this

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authorization. The Repurchase Program may be modified, increased, suspended, or discontinued at any time. The Repurchase Program is being funded using cash on hand and cash from operations.
(3)Represents amounts available for repurchases under the Repurchase Program.

Item 5.   Other Information

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, none of the Company’s directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) adopted, terminated or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933).

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.

    

Description

2.1

Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 14, 2019, by and among the Registrant, Ribbon Communications Israel Ltd., Eclipse Communications Ltd., ECI Telecom Group Ltd. and ECI Holding (Hungary) Korlátolt Felelősségű Társág (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 14, 2019 with the SEC).

2.2

Amended and Restated Purchase Agreement, dated December 1, 2020, among Ribbon Communications Inc., Ribbon Communications Operating Company, Inc., Ribbon Communications International Limited and American Virtual Cloud Technologies, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 7, 2020 with the SEC).

3.1

Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K12B, filed October 30, 2017 with the SEC).

3.2

Certificate of Amendment of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 28, 2017 with the SEC).

3.3

Certificate of Designation of Series A Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 30, 2023 with the SEC).

3.4

Certificate of Amendment of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed August 4, 2023 with the SEC).

3.5

Certificate of Amendment of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed May 30, 2025 with the SEC).

3.6

Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 8, 2018 with the SEC).

4.1

Ribbon Communications Inc. 2025 Incentive Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix C to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed April 14, 2025 with the SEC).

4.2

Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 30, 2023 with the SEC).

31.1

*

Certificate of Ribbon Communications Inc. Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2

*

Certificate of Ribbon Communications Inc. Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1

#

Certificate of Ribbon Communications Inc. Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2

#

Certificate of Ribbon Communications Inc. Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS

*

Inline XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH

*

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL

*

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF

*

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

101.LAB

*

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE

*

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

104

*

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*

Filed herewith.

#

Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

RIBBON COMMUNICATIONS INC.

By:

/s/ John Townsend

John Townsend

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

Date: July 24, 2025

58

FAQ

How many HOV shares are being sold under this Form 144/A?

The notice covers 750 Class A shares.

What is the estimated market value of the planned HOV share sale?

The aggregate value is approximately $84,943.

What percentage of Hovnanian Enterprises' Class A shares does 750 shares represent?

About 0.015 % of the roughly 5.07 million Class A shares outstanding.

When were the shares to be sold originally acquired?

They vested as restricted stock on 14 Jun 2024.

Does this Form 144/A include any new financial or operational guidance for HOV?

No. The filing is strictly a notice of proposed sale and contains no earnings or operational data.
Ribbon Communications

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Software - Application
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