Royal Bank of Canada (RY) details NVCC Tier 2 notes and $2.75B debt redemptions

Q: What are NVCC provisions in RBC's Tier 2 notes and when do they trigger?

The notes include non‑viability contingent capital (NVCC) provisions so they qualify as Tier 2 capital. If OSFI deems RBC non‑viable or a Canadian federal or provincial government publicly announces a qualifying capital injection, each note automatically converts into a variable number of common shares using a 1.5 multiplier and a conversion price based on the greater of a $5.00 floor or the volume‑weighted average trading price on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Q: Which subordinated debentures did Royal Bank of Canada (RY) redeem in 2024 and 2025?

RBC redeemed $1,500 million of its 2.88% subordinated debentures due December 23, 2029 on December 23, 2024, and $1,250 million of its 2.088% subordinated debentures due June 30, 2030 on June 30, 2025, each at 100% of principal plus accrued interest.

Filing Impact

(Low)

Filing Sentiment

(Neutral)

Form Type

40-F

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

Royal Bank of Canada describes several risk and capital management items. For its unconsolidated structured entities, total assets of these vehicles represent the maximum assets that may need to be purchased under outstanding purchase commitments, and the bank notes that its maximum exposure to loss largely comes from investments, loans, derivatives, and liquidity and credit enhancement facilities.

The bank reports that balances it must maintain due to regulatory or contractual requirements with central banks and other counterparties were $3 billion as at October 31, 2025, compared with $2 billion a year earlier and $3 billion two years earlier. It also details subordinated notes that qualify as Tier 2 capital because they include non‑viability contingent capital provisions, which force conversion into common shares if regulators deem the bank non‑viable or a qualifying government capital injection occurs.

RBC also redeemed $1,500 million of 2.88% subordinated debentures due 2029 on December 23, 2024 and $1,250 million of 2.088% subordinated debentures due 2030 on June 30, 2025, paying 100% of principal plus accrued interest. The bank outlines that several outstanding notes pay interest at a stated rate until their earliest par value redemption date and then reset to margins above Daily Compounded CORRA or the Tokyo Overnight Average Rate mid‑swap rate.

Insights

RBC refines its capital stack with subordinated debt redemptions and NVCC Tier 2 notes.

Royal Bank of Canada highlights how its exposure to unconsolidated structured entities comes mainly from investments, loans, derivatives, and liquidity or credit enhancement facilities. These exposures can exceed on‑balance sheet amounts because backstop liquidity and credit facilities are based on larger notional values, which is typical for bank-sponsored conduits.

The disclosure that required regulatory and contractual balances rose to $3 billion as at October 31, 2025, from $2 billion a year earlier, shows more cash or high‑quality assets are being locked up to satisfy central banks and counterparties. This ties up resources but supports regulatory compliance and funding stability.

On the capital side, RBC explains that certain notes include NVCC features so they qualify as Tier 2 capital under Basel III, meaning they automatically convert into common shares if OSFI deems the bank non‑viable or a qualifying government capital injection is announced. The bank also redeemed $1,500 million of 2.88% subordinated debentures due 2029 and $1,250 million of 2.088% debentures due 2030, which adjusts its funding mix and interest cost profile without indicating any stress in the excerpt.

12/03/2025 - 06:28 AM

falseFY0001000275IFRSNYZ4Total assets of unconsolidated structured entities represent the maximum assets that may have to be purchased by the conduits under purchase commitments outstanding. Of the purchase commitments outstanding, the conduits have purchased financial assets totalling $ million as at October 31, 2025 (October 31, 2024 – $37 billion).The maximum exposure to loss resulting from our interests in these entities consists mostly of investments, loans, fair value of derivatives, liquidity and credit enhancement facilities. The maximum exposure to loss is higher than the on-balance sheet assets primarily because of the notional amounts of the backstop liquidity and credit enhancement facilities. Refer to Note 23 for further details.We are required to maintain balances due to regulatory requirements or contractual restrictions from central banks, other regulatory authorities, and other counterparties. The total balances were $3 billion as at October 31, 2025 (October 31, 2024 – $2 billion; October 31, 2023 – $3 billion).Interest at stated interest rate until earliest par value redemption date, and thereafter at a rate of 1.08% above the Daily Compounded CORRA.Interest at stated interest rate until earliest par value redemption date, and thereafter at a rate of 1.56% above the Daily Compounded CORRA.Interest at stated interest rate until earliest par value redemption date, and thereafter at a rate of 1.55% above the Daily Compounded CORRA.Interest at stated interest rate until earliest par value redemption date, and thereafter at a rate of 1.45% above the Daily Compounded CORRA.Interest at stated interest rate until earliest par value redemption date, and thereafter at a rate of 1.51% above the Daily Compounded CORRA.Interest at stated interest rate until earliest par value redemption date, and thereafter at a rate of 1.02% above the 5-year Tokyo Overnight Average Rate mid-swap rate.The notes include non-viability contingent capital (NVCC) provisions, necessary for the notes to qualify as Tier 2 regulatory capital under Basel III. NVCC provisions require the conversion of the instrument into a variable number of common shares in the event that OSFI deems the Bank non-viable or a federal or provincial government in Canada publicly announces that the Bank has accepted or agreed to accept a capital injection. In such an event, each note is convertible into common shares pursuant to an automatic conversion formula with a multiplier of 1.5 and a conversion price based on the greater of: (i) a floor price of $5.00 (subject to adjustment in certain circumstances), and (ii) the current market price of our common shares based on the volume weighted average trading price of our common shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange. 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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM

40-F

[Check one]

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13(a) OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025		Commission File Number 001-13928

ROYAL BANK OF CANADA

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)


Canada (Province or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		6029 (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)		Not Applicable (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number (if applicable))

200 Bay Street

Royal Bank Plaza

Toronto, Ontario

Canada M5J 2J5

Attention: Jessica Clinton

Vice President, Associate General Counsel & Corporate Secretary

(416)

414-1067

(Address and telephone number of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

Royal Bank of Canada

200 Vesey Street

New York,

10281

Attention: John Penn

Assistant General Counsel & Managing Director,

RBC US Head of Regulatory Law

and General Counsel, RBC Capital Markets, LLC

(212)

858-7116

(Name, address (including zip code) and telephone number (including area code)

of agent for service in the United States)

copies of all correspondence should be sent to:


Josie Caldas Royal Bank of Canada 200 Bay Street Toronto, Ontario Canada M5J 2J5 Tel: (437) 533-9180		Benjamin H. Weiner Sullivan & Cromwell LLP 1700 New York Avenue, N.W. Suite 700 Washington, D.C. USA 20006-5215 Tel: (202) 956-7500

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Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Shares	RY	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.


		Not Applicable
		(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.


		Not Applicable
		(Title of Class)

For annual reports, indicate by check mark the information filed with this Form:

☒ Annual information form ☒ Audited annual financial statements

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.


Common Shares			1,400,635,338
First Preferred Shares 1
Series BF			12,000,000 2
Series BH			6,000,000 3
Series BI			6,000,000 3
Series BO			14,000,000
Series BR			1,250,000 4
Series BS			1,000,000 4
Series BT			750,000 5
Series BU			750,000 5
Series BV			1,000,000 4
Series BW			600,000 5
Series BX			1,000,000 4
Series BY			1,250,000 4
Series BZ			1,350,000 4

The

Non-Cumulative

First Preferred Shares Series BF, BH, BI, BO, BR, BS, BT, BU, BV, BW, BX, BY and BZ contain

non-viability

contingent capital provisions.

On November 24, 2025, we redeemed all 12 million of our issued and outstanding

Non-Cumulative

5-Year

Fixed Rate Reset First Preferred Shares Series BF at a redemption price of $25.00 per share.

On October 24, 2025, we announced our intention to redeem all of our issued and outstanding

Non-Cumulative

First Preferred Shares Series BH and Series BI. The final dividend for the Series BH and Series BI shares will be payable on the redemption date of December 8, 2025, to shareholders of record at the close of business on November 10, 2025.

In connection with the issuance of LRCN Series 2, on November 2, 2020, the Registrant issued CAD $1,250 million of

Non-Cumulative

5-Year

Fixed Rate Reset First Preferred Shares Series BR (Series BR) at a price of CAD $1,000 per Series BR. In connection with the issuance of LRCN Series 3, on June 8, 2021, the Registrant issued CAD $1,000 million of

Non-Cumulative

5-Year

Fixed Rate Reset First Preferred Shares Series BS (Series BS) at a price of CAD $1,000 per Series BS. In connection with the issuance of LRCN Series 4, on April 24, 2024, the Registrant issued USD $1,000 million of

Non-Cumulative

5-Year

Fixed Rate Reset First Preferred Shares Series BV (Series BV) at a price of USD $1,000 per Series BV. In connection with the issuance of LRCN Series 5, on November 1, 2025, the Registrant issued USD $1,000 million of

Non-Cumulative

5-Year

Fixed Rate Reset First Preferred Shares Series BX (Series BX) at a price of USD $1,000 per Series BX. In connection with the issuance of LRCN Series 6, on June 11, 2025, the Registrant issued USD $1,250 million of

Non-Cumulative

5-Year

Fixed Rate Reset First Preferred Shares Series BY (Series BY) at a price of USD $1,000 per Series BY. In connection with the issuance of LRCN Series 7, on September 23, 2025, the Registrant issued USD $1,350 million of

Non-Cumulative

5-Year

Fixed Rate Reset First Preferred Shares Series BZ (Series BZ) at a price of USD $1,000 per Series BZ. The Series BR, Series BS, Series BV, Series BX, Series BY and Series BZ were issued to a consolidated trust to be held as trust assets in connection with the LRCN structure.

The

Non-Cumulative

5-Year

Fixed Rate Reset First Preferred Shares Series BT, BU and BW were respectively issued on November 5, 2021, January 25, 2024, and July 24, 2024 to certain institutional investors.

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Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation

S-T

(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule

12b-2

of the Exchange Act.

Emerging growth company ☐


If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.		☐

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.		☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.		☒

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b).		☐

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CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Information about disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting can be found under “Controls and procedures” on page 124 of our Management’s Discussion and Analysis set forth in Exhibit 2, and under “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” which can be found on page 138 of our Financial Review set forth in Exhibit 2, which sections are incorporated by reference.

AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERTS

The Registrant’s board of directors has determined that it has three audit committee financial experts serving on its audit committee. Cynthia Devine, Frank Vettese and Barry Perry have been determined to be such audit committee financial experts and are independent, as that term is defined by the New York Stock Exchange’s listing standards applicable to the Registrant. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) has indicated that the designation of Cynthia Devine, Frank Vettese and Barry Perry as audit committee financial experts does not make any of them an “expert” for any purpose, impose any duties, obligations or liability on Cynthia Devine, Frank Vettese and Barry Perry that are greater than those imposed on members of the audit committee and board of directors who do not carry this designation or affect the duties, obligations or liability of any other member of the audit committee.

CODE OF ETHICS

The Registrant has adopted a code of ethics (the “Code of Conduct”) that applies to all employees, contract workers and members of the board of directors, including its principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. In 2025, the Registrant adopted a revised Code of Conduct. Key amendments made to the Code of Conduct included updating the reporting misconduct and fair competition content and the proper use of RBC systems. The full text of the Code of Conduct is set forth in Exhibit 4 and is also available on our website at rbc.com.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Information about principal accountant fees and services and a brief description of our

pre-approval

policies and procedures can be found under “Audit Committee” beginning on page 23 of our Annual Information Form set forth in Exhibit 1, which section is incorporated by reference. A copy of our

pre-approval

policies and procedures can be found in Appendix D of our Annual Information Form, which section is incorporated by reference.

OFF-BALANCE

SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

Information about

off-balance

sheet arrangements can be found under

“Off-balance

sheet arrangements” beginning on page 62 of our Management’s Discussion and Analysis set forth in Exhibit 2, which section is incorporated by reference.

DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

Disclosure of contractual obligations can be found under “Principal risks – Liquidity and funding risk” beginning on page 88 of our Management’s Discussion and Analysis set forth in Exhibit 2, which section is incorporated by reference.

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IDENTIFICATION OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

The Registrant has a separately-designated standing audit committee. Information about the audit committee can be found under “Audit Committee” beginning on page 23 of our Annual Information Form set forth in Exhibit 1, which section is incorporated by reference.

UNDERTAKING

The Registrant undertakes to make available, in person or by telephone, representatives to respond to inquiries made by the Commission staff, and to furnish promptly, when requested to do so by the Commission staff, information relating to: the securities in relation to which the obligation to file an annual report on Form

40-F

arises; or transactions in said securities.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES FROM NYSE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE RULES

A summary of significant ways corporate governance practices followed by the Registrant differ from corporate governance practices required to be followed by U.S. Domestic Companies under the New York Stock Exchange’s listing standards (disclosure required by section 303A.11 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual) is available on the Registrant’s corporate governance website at rbc.com/governance.

DISCLOSURE PURSUANT TO SECTION 13(r) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

In accordance with section 13(r) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, we are required to disclose certain Iran-related activities. We maintain a robust economic sanctions compliance program which monitors compliance with economic sanctions requirements in the jurisdictions in which we operate and we believe we have been in compliance with relevant economic sanctions legislation throughout fiscal 2024.

We currently maintain certain

non-U.S.

dollar denominated accounts for the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Canada (the “Iranian Embassy”). Any funds in these accounts are frozen by Ontario court order in connection with civil litigation, which is being monitored.

In fiscal 2025 these accounts generated CAD $4,354 in gross revenue and less than CAD $3,000 in net income.

*Information contained in or otherwise accessible through the websites mentioned in this report does not form part of this report. All references to websites are inactive textual references and for your information only.

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form

40-F

and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.


ROYAL BANK OF CANADA

By:		/s/ David McKay
Name:		David McKay
Title:		President and Chief Executive Officer

Date:		December 3, 2025

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS


Exhibit		Exhibit No.

Royal Bank of Canada Annual Information Form dated December 2, 2025		1

Financial Review		2
• Management’s Discussion and Analysis
• Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
• Management’s Responsibility for Financial Reporting
• Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
• Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
• Consolidated Financial Statements

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		3

Code of Conduct		4

Return on Equity and Assets Ratios		5

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications		31
• Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer • Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Financial Officer

Section 1350 Certifications		32
• Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer • Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Financial Officer

Royal Bank of Canada Policy for the Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Incentive-based Compensation from Executive Officers		97

Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL)		101

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)		104

Table of Contents

Source: View Original Filing on SEC EDGAR

FAQ

How does Royal Bank of Canada (RY) describe its exposure to unconsolidated structured entities?

RBC states that total assets of unconsolidated structured entities represent the maximum assets that may need to be purchased under outstanding purchase commitments, and that maximum exposure to loss is mainly through investments, loans, derivatives, and liquidity and credit enhancement facilities.

What required regulatory and contractual balances did RBC (RY) hold at October 31, 2025?

RBC reports that balances it is required to maintain with central banks, regulators, and other counterparties were $3 billion as at October 31, 2025, compared with $2 billion at October 31, 2024 and $3 billion at October 31, 2023.

What are NVCC provisions in RBC's Tier 2 notes and when do they trigger?

The notes include non‑viability contingent capital (NVCC) provisions so they qualify as Tier 2 capital. If OSFI deems RBC non‑viable or a Canadian federal or provincial government publicly announces a qualifying capital injection, each note automatically converts into a variable number of common shares using a 1.5 multiplier and a conversion price based on the greater of a $5.00 floor or the volume‑weighted average trading price on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Which subordinated debentures did Royal Bank of Canada (RY) redeem in 2024 and 2025?

RBC redeemed $1,500 million of its 2.88% subordinated debentures due December 23, 2029 on December 23, 2024, and $1,250 million of its 2.088% subordinated debentures due June 30, 2030 on June 30, 2025, each at 100% of principal plus accrued interest.

How can RBC's NVCC notes convert into common shares in a non‑viability event?

In a trigger event, the number of common shares is determined by multiplying the par value plus accrued and unpaid interest on a note by the 1.5 multiplier and dividing by the conversion price, which is the greater of $5.00 (as adjusted) and the current market price based on the volume‑weighted average trading price on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

How do interest rates on certain RBC notes change after their earliest par value redemption date?

RBC notes that several issues pay interest at a stated rate until their earliest par value redemption date, and thereafter reset to a margin above Daily Compounded CORRA or, for one series, a margin above the 5‑year Tokyo Overnight Average Rate mid‑swap rate.

Royal Bank of Canada (RY) details NVCC Tier 2 notes and $2.75B debt redemptions

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

Positive

Negative

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How does Royal Bank of Canada (RY) describe its exposure to unconsolidated structured entities?

What required regulatory and contractual balances did RBC (RY) hold at October 31, 2025?

What are NVCC provisions in RBC's Tier 2 notes and when do they trigger?

Which subordinated debentures did Royal Bank of Canada (RY) redeem in 2024 and 2025?

How can RBC's NVCC notes convert into common shares in a non‑viability event?

How do interest rates on certain RBC notes change after their earliest par value redemption date?

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Royal Bank of Canada (RY) details NVCC Tier 2 notes and $2.75B debt redemptions

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Bank capital structure and risk expert neutral

FAQ

How does Royal Bank of Canada (RY) describe its exposure to unconsolidated structured entities?

What required regulatory and contractual balances did RBC (RY) hold at October 31, 2025?

What are NVCC provisions in RBC's Tier 2 notes and when do they trigger?

Which subordinated debentures did Royal Bank of Canada (RY) redeem in 2024 and 2025?

How can RBC's NVCC notes convert into common shares in a non‑viability event?

How do interest rates on certain RBC notes change after their earliest par value redemption date?

NYSE:RY

RY Rankings

RY Latest News

RY Latest SEC Filings

RY Stock Data