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Seneca Bancorp (SNNF) posts Q1 2026 net loss amid higher expenses

Filing Impact
(Moderate)
Filing Sentiment
(Neutral)
Form Type
10-Q

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

Seneca Bancorp, Inc. reported a small net loss of $50,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared with net income of $148,000 a year earlier. Earnings per share were a loss of $0.03, versus earnings of $0.09 per diluted share in 2025.

Total assets reached $315.9 million at March 31, 2026, up from $312.1 million at December 31, 2025, driven mainly by loan growth to $234.1 million. Deposits increased to $240.9 million, and Federal Home Loan Bank advances were $34.6 million. Net interest income improved to $2.44 million, but higher noninterest expenses of $3.0 million led to the quarterly loss. Credit quality remained manageable, with an allowance for credit losses of $2.0 million and nonaccrual loans of $2.5 million. The bank’s Tier 1 leverage (Community Bank Leverage Ratio) was 9.78%, above the 8.00% well-capitalized threshold.

Positive

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Net (loss) income $50,000 loss Three months ended March 31, 2026
Net interest income $2.44 million Three months ended March 31, 2026
Total noninterest expense $2.97 million Three months ended March 31, 2026
Total assets $315.86 million At March 31, 2026
Total loans $234.14 million Gross loans at March 31, 2026
Total deposits $240.85 million At March 31, 2026
Allowance for credit losses on loans $2.00 million At March 31, 2026
Community Bank Leverage Ratio 9.78% Tier 1 capital to assets at March 31, 2026
Allowance for credit losses financial
"Allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2026 are as follows"
Allowance for credit losses is a reserve set aside by a financial institution to cover potential losses from borrowers who may not repay their loans. It acts like a safety net, helping the institution prepare for loans that might turn sour. For investors, it signals how cautious the institution is about the quality of its loans and potential risks to its financial health.
Nonaccrual loans financial
"Nonaccrual loans, segregated by class of loan as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are as follows"
Nonaccrual loans are loans a lender has stopped counting toward interest income because the borrower is overdue or unlikely to pay; the lender only records cash payments received and may set aside extra funds to cover potential losses. For investors, a rising number or amount of nonaccrual loans signals weaker credit quality, lower future interest revenue and larger potential write-downs — similar to pausing expected subscription income when many customers stop paying.
Community Bank Leverage Ratio financial
"The federal banking agencies set the minimum capital for the Community Bank Leverage Ratio at 9.00%"
Community bank leverage ratio is a regulatory measure that compares a bank’s core capital (its safety cushion) to the size of its balance sheet, showing what share of assets is backed by tangible equity rather than borrowed money. Investors use it like a health check: a higher ratio means the bank has more buffer to absorb losses, support lending and dividends, and face fewer regulatory limits, while a lower ratio signals greater risk.
Available-for-sale securities financial
"The amortized cost and fair values of securities, with gross unrealized gains and losses are as follows Available-for-sale securities"
Available-for-sale securities are investments in stocks, bonds or similar instruments that a company does not intend to trade frequently but may sell before they mature. They matter to investors because changes in the market value of these holdings show up as paper gains or losses on the company's balance sheet rather than immediately in profit, so they can affect reported net worth and the timing of income without changing day-to-day earnings. Think of them like items on a household shelf you might sell later: their value moves with the market even if you haven’t cashed out.
Collateral-dependent loans financial
"A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty"
Fair value hierarchy financial
"Accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation methods"
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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2026

OR

Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from                      to

Commission File No. 000-56790

Seneca Bancorp, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Maryland

  ​ ​ ​

39-4029114

(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

35 Oswego Street, Baldwinsville, New York

13027

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(Zip Code)

(315) 638-0233

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

N/A

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading symbol(s)

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

None

None

None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes      No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes      No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).   YES      NO  

There were 1,800,813 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding as of May 13, 2026.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

Page

Part I

Item 1.

Financial Statements

3

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

32

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

46

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

46

Part II

Other Information

47

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

47

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

47

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

47

Item 3.

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

47

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

47

Item 5.

Other Information

47

Item 6.

Exhibits

48

Exhibit Index

48

Signatures

49

Table of Contents

PART I —FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

SENECA BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

At March 31, 

At December 31, 

(In thousands, except share data)

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

(Unaudited)

ASSETS

 

  ​

 

  ​

Cash and due from banks

$

2,159

$

2,456

Interest-earning deposits

5,047

2,872

Cash and cash equivalents

7,206

5,328

Securities, available-for-sale, net of allowance for credit losses of $518 and $518

 

43,031

 

48,635

Loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $2,001 and $1,915

 

233,334

 

226,030

Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock, at cost

 

3,254

 

3,272

Federal Reserve Bank stock, at cost

270

131

Premises and equipment, net

 

13,211

 

13,190

Bank-owned life insurance

 

2,820

 

2,793

Pension assets

 

8,005

 

8,005

Accrued interest receivable

 

1,603

 

1,479

Intangible assets

 

389

 

428

Goodwill

 

412

 

412

Other assets

 

2,327

 

2,411

Total assets

$

315,862

$

312,114

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

  ​

 

  ​

LIABILITIES

 

  ​

 

  ​

Deposits:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Noninterest bearing

$

33,017

$

32,221

Interest-bearing

 

207,836

 

202,205

Total deposits

 

240,853

 

234,426

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 

34,567

 

35,567

Advances from borrowers for taxes and insurance

 

1,938

 

2,389

Other liabilities

 

5,946

 

6,981

Total liabilities

 

283,304

 

279,363

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

  ​

 

  ​

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized and unissued

 

  ​

 

  ​

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 19,000,000 shares authorized, 1,800,141 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025

 

18

 

18

Additional paid-in capital

 

15,225

 

15,187

Retained earnings

 

22,499

 

22,549

Unearned ESOP shares, at cost

 

(1,342)

 

(1,357)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

 

(3,842)

 

(3,646)

Total stockholders’ equity

 

32,558

 

32,751

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$

315,862

$

312,114

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

3

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SENECA BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31, 

(In thousands, except per share data)

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

INTEREST INCOME

 

  ​

 

  ​

Loans, including fees

$

3,326

$

2,929

Securities

 

472

 

457

Other

 

30

 

51

Total interest income

 

3,828

 

3,437

INTEREST EXPENSE

 

  ​

 

  ​

Deposits

 

1,094

 

928

Advances and borrowings

 

290

 

381

Total interest expense

 

1,384

 

1,309

Net interest income

 

2,444

 

2,128

Provision for credit losses loans receivable

 

120

 

110

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

 

2,324

 

2,018

NONINTEREST INCOME

 

  ​

 

  ​

Service fees

 

35

 

32

Income from financial services

 

262

 

224

Fee income

 

244

 

171

Earnings on deferred compensation plan assets

 

33

 

26

Gain on sale of fixed assets

 

6

 

Net gains on sale of residential mortgage loans

 

24

 

33

Total noninterest income

 

604

 

486

NONINTEREST EXPENSE

 

  ​

 

  ​

Compensation and employee benefits

 

1,579

 

1,286

Core processing

 

463

 

335

Premises and equipment

 

310

 

223

Professional fees

 

174

 

57

Postage and office supplies

 

24

 

43

FDIC premiums

 

55

 

33

Advertising

 

92

 

98

Director fees

 

46

 

48

Intangible asset amortization

39

39

Other

 

189

 

165

Total noninterest expense

 

2,971

 

2,327

(Loss) Income before provision for income taxes

 

(43)

 

177

PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES

 

7

 

29

Net (loss) income

$

(50)

$

148

Net (loss) income per common shares - basic

$

(0.03)

$

0.09

Net (loss) income per common shares - diluted

$

(0.03)

$

0.09

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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SENECA BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31, 

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

NET (LOSS) INCOME

$

(50)

$

148

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME, BEFORE TAX

 

  ​

 

  ​

Available-for-sale securities:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Unrealized holding losses arising during period

 

(248)

 

(67)

Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities

 

(248)

 

(67)

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS, BEFORE TAX

 

(248)

 

(67)

Tax effect

 

52

 

14

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS, NET OF TAX

 

(196)

 

(53)

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

$

(246)

$

95

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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SENECA BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2026

Additional

Unearned

Other

Common

Paid-In

Treasury

Retained

ESOP

Comprehensive

Total

(In thousands)

Stock

Capital

Stock

Earnings

Shares

Loss

Equity

BALANCE, December 31, 2025

$

18

$

15,187

$

$

22,549

$

(1,357)

$

(3,646)

$

32,751

Net loss

(50)

(50)

Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

(196)

 

(196)

ESOP shares committed to be released

 

 

 

 

 

15

 

 

15

Stock-based compensation

 

 

38

 

 

 

 

 

38

BALANCE, March 31, 2026

$

18

$

15,225

$

$

22,499

$

(1,342)

$

(3,842)

$

32,558

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025

Additional

Unearned

Other

Common

Paid-In

Treasury

Retained

ESOP

Comprehensive

Total

(In thousands)

Stock

Capital

Stock

Earnings

Shares

Loss

Equity

BALANCE, December 31, 2024

$

9

$

8,118

$

(1,557)

$

22,377

$

(605)

$

(4,484)

$

23,858

Net income

148

148

Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

(53)

 

(53)

ESOP shares committed to be released

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

 

5

Stock-based compensation

 

 

16

 

 

 

 

 

16

BALANCE, March 31, 2025

$

9

$

8,134

$

(1,557)

$

22,525

$

(600)

$

(4,537)

$

23,974

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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SENECA BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

  ​ ​ ​

Three Months Ended March 31, 

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

  ​

 

  ​

Net (loss) income

$

(50)

$

148

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flow from operating activities:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Depreciation and amortization

 

180

 

132

Provision for credit losses

 

120

 

110

Net amortization of premiums and discounts on securities

 

48

 

(43)

Gain on sale of residential mortgage loans

 

(24)

 

(33)

Proceeds from sale of residential mortgage loans

 

1,302

 

2,650

Loans originated and sold

 

(1,278)

 

(2,617)

Deferred income tax benefit

 

(19)

 

(40)

Gain on sale of premises and equipment

 

(6)

 

Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment

20

Amortization of deferred loan fees

 

85

 

40

ESOP compensation expense

 

15

 

5

Stock-based compensation expense

 

38

 

16

Earnings on investment in bank-owned life insurance

 

(27)

 

(26)

Net change in accrued interest receivable

 

(124)

 

(100)

Net change in other assets

 

84

 

(338)

Net change in other liabilities

 

(964)

 

(315)

Net cash flow used in operating activities

 

(600)

 

(411)

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Activity in securities available-for-sale:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Proceeds from calls and maturities

 

4,470

 

10,015

Principal repayments

 

838

 

166

Purchases

 

 

(6,938)

Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock

 

(468)

 

(391)

Redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock

 

486

 

630

Purchase of Federal Reserve Bank stock

(139)

Loan originations and principal collections, net

 

(7,509)

 

(1,995)

Purchases of premises and equipment

(176)

(908)

Net cash flow (used in) provided by investing activities

 

(2,498)

 

579

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Increase in deposits

 

6,427

 

6,681

Change in advances from borrowers for taxes and insurance

 

(451)

 

(575)

Payments on acquisition contingent consideration

 

 

(45)

Repayment of long-term FHLB advances

 

 

(13,500)

Proceeds from long-term FHLB advances

 

 

7,000

Change in short-term FHLB advances

(1,000)

Net cash flow provided by (used in) financing activities

 

4,976

 

(439)

Net change in cash and cash equivalents

 

1,878

 

(271)

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - beginning of the period

 

5,328

 

6,788

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - end of the period

$

7,206

$

6,517

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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SENECA BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (cont.) (Unaudited)

  ​ ​ ​

Three Months Ended

March 31, 

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

 

  ​

 

  ​

Cash paid for:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Interest on deposits and borrowed funds

$

1,389

$

1,279

Income taxes

$

4

$

1

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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SENECA BANCORP, INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Seneca Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) is a Maryland corporation that was incorporated in June 2025 to become the registered bank holding company for Seneca Savings Bank, National Association (“Seneca Savings” or the “Bank”) upon the conversion of Seneca Financial MHC (the “Mutual Holding Company”), a federally chartered mutual holding company, from the mutual-to-stock form of organization, which occurred on October 15, 2025 (the “Conversion”). In connection with the conversion, the Mutual Holding Company ceased to exist. The Company sold 1,044,858 shares of its common stock, which included 83,588 shares issued to the Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) at a price of $10.00 per share, for gross proceeds of approximately $10.4 million. Offering expenses in connection with the Conversion were $1.9 million which were netted against the gross proceeds. Shares of the Company’s common stock began being quoted on the OTCQX Market on October 16, 2025 under the trading symbol “SNNF.”

The Company is the successor corporation to Seneca Financial Corp., the former federally chartered mid-tier stock holding company, which was formed in connection with the conversion of Seneca Savings Bank into the mutual holding company form of organization in October 2017, which in turn was a subsidiary of the Mutual Holding Company, which owned a majority of Seneca Financial Corp.’s outstanding common stock.

Upon completion of the Conversion, the outstanding shares of Seneca Financial Corp.’s common stock owned by stockholders other than the Mutual Holding Company were converted into shares of the Company’s common stock based on an exchange ratio of 0.9684 of a share of Company common stock for each share of Seneca Financial Corp.’s common stock, so that Seneca Financial Corp.’s existing stockholders owned approximately the same percentage of the Company’s common stock upon the completion of the Conversion as they owned of Seneca Financial Corp.’s common stock immediately prior to the Conversion.

In connection with the Conversion, the Company provided a term loan to the ESOP to finance the ESOP’s purchase of the 83,588 shares noted above. The Company combined its existing outstanding ESOP loan in the amount of $688,000 with this new loan resulting in a new term loan to the ESOP of $1.5 million which will be repaid in annual installments over 25 years.

Finally, as a result of the Conversion, all existing stock options and restricted stock awards outstanding on October 15, 2025, were adjusted based on the exchange ratio of 0.9684-to-1 including those described in Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. All historical share and per share information also has been restated to reflect the 0.9684-to-1 exchange ratio.

Seneca Savings maintains its executive offices and main branch in Baldwinsville, New York, with branches in Liverpool, North Syracuse, Manlius, and Bridgeport, New York. The Bank is a community-oriented national bank whose business primarily consists of accepting deposits from customers within its market area and investing those funds primarily in residential mortgage and commercial loans.

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2026 and for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, are unaudited and reflect all normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. Such adjustments are the only adjustments contained in these unaudited consolidated financial statements. The unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared according to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and therefore certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been omitted. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be achieved for the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2026, or any other period.

The Company’s significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of the unaudited consolidated financial statements are disclosed in Note 2 of the audited financial statements and notes for the year ended December 31, 2025 and are contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes to the application of significant accounting policies since December 31, 2025.

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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-09 - Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, to provide more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures. Specifically, the update requires enhancements to the rate reconciliation, including disclosure of specific categories and additional information for reconciling items meeting a quantitative threshold, and greater disaggregation of income tax disclosures related to income taxes paid. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Other than meeting the new disclosure requirements, the adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07 – Segment Reporting (Topic 280) – Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, to improve the reportable segment disclosures by requiring disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis. In addition, the amendments will enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment and contain other disclosure requirements. The ASU does not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments or determines its reportable segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Other than meeting the new disclosure requirements, the adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03 Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income- Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, to improve the disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses and address requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The amendments in this ASU require disclosure, in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact this will have on the consolidated financial statements.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Bank and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Seneca Savings Insurance Agency, Inc. dba Financial Quest (“Quest”). Quest offers financial planning and investment advisory services and sells various insurance and investment products through broker networks. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company, as used in the consolidated financial statements, refers to the consolidated group.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences may be significant.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses, deferred tax assets, the assumptions used in the actuarial valuation and the estimation of fair values for accounting and disclosure purposes.

The Company is subject to the regulations of various governmental agencies. The Company also undergoes periodic examinations by the regulatory agencies which may subject it to further changes with respect to asset valuations, amounts of required

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loss allowances, and operating restrictions resulting from the regulators’ judgements based on information available to them at the time of their examinations.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the 2025 consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform with the 2026 presentation format. These classifications are immaterial and had no effect on net income or stockholders’ equity for the periods presented herein.

3. Securities

The amortized cost and fair values of securities, with gross unrealized gains and losses are as follows:

Amortized

Unrealized

Unrealized

Allowance for

Fair

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

Cost

  ​ ​ ​

Gains

  ​ ​ ​

Losses

  ​ ​ ​

Credit Losses

  ​ ​ ​

Value

Available-for-sale securities:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

March 31, 2026:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

U.S. Treasury securities

$

11,764

$

4

$

(28)

$

$

11,740

U.S. Government Agency securities

 

1,000

 

 

(107)

 

 

893

Municipal securities

 

16,368

 

 

(2,484)

 

(518)

 

13,366

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations

 

10,950

 

2

 

(951)

 

 

10,001

Corporate securities

 

7,147

 

7

 

(123)

 

 

7,031

$

47,229

$

13

$

(3,693)

$

(518)

$

43,031

December 31, 2025:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

U.S. Treasury securities

$

14,775

$

36

$

(16)

$

$

14,795

U.S. Government Agency securities

 

1,000

 

 

(100)

 

 

900

Municipal securities

 

16,406

 

3

 

(2,364)

 

(518)

 

13,527

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations

 

11,796

 

10

 

(891)

 

 

10,915

Corporate securities

 

8,608

 

12

 

(122)

 

 

8,498

$

52,585

$

61

$

(3,493)

$

(518)

$

48,635

Government agency and U.S. Treasury securities include notes and bonds with fixed rates. Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations consist of securities that are issued by Fannie Mae (“FNMA”), Freddie Mac (“FHLMC”), Ginnie Mae (“GNMA”), and Small Business Administration (“SBIC”) and are collateralized by residential mortgages. Municipal securities consist of government obligation and revenue bonds. Corporate securities consist of fixed and variable rate bonds with large financial institutions.

Investment securities with market values of $23.8 million and $27.8 million were pledged to secure deposits and for other purposes required or permitted by law at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The Company pledged securities with a book value of $5.1 million and a market value of $4.5 million at March 31, 2026, and a book value of $5.2 million and a market value of $4.7 million at December 31, 2025, to local municipalities collateralizing their deposits. The Company had pledged New York municipal bonds with a book value of $1.4 million and a market value of $1.2 million at March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively, to the New York State Linked Deposit Program.

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The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities based on the contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations.

  ​ ​ ​

March 31, 2026

  ​ ​ ​

December 31, 2025

  ​ ​ ​

Amortized

Fair

Amortized

Fair

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

Cost

  ​ ​ ​

Value

  ​ ​ ​

Cost

  ​ ​ ​

Value

  ​ ​ ​

Due in one year or less

$

10,412

$

9,863

$

14,434

$

13,868

Due after one year through five years

 

13,406

 

12,646

 

13,866

 

13,185

Due after five years through ten years

 

9,490

 

8,231

 

9,056

 

7,986

Due after ten years

 

2,971

 

2,290

 

3,433

 

2,681

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations

 

10,950

 

10,001

 

11,796

 

10,915

$

47,229

$

43,031

$

52,585

$

48,635

The Company did not sell available-for-sale securities during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

Management has reviewed its loan, mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations portfolios and determined that, to the best of its knowledge, little or no exposure exists to sub-prime or other high-risk residential mortgages. The Company is not in the practice of investing in, or originating, these types of investments or loans.

Information pertaining to securities with gross unrealized losses aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position follows:

  ​ ​ ​

Less than Twelve Months

  ​ ​ ​

Twelve Months and Greater

Gross

Gross

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

Losses

  ​ ​ ​

Value

  ​ ​ ​

Losses

  ​ ​ ​

Value

March 31, 2026:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

U.S. Treasury securities

$

(28)

$

5,980

$

U.S. Government Agency securities

 

 

 

(107)

 

893

Municipal securities

 

(8)

 

930

 

(2,476)

 

11,147

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations

 

(48)

 

4,242

 

(903)

 

4,569

Corporate securities

 

(6)

 

869

 

(117)

 

4,710

$

(90)

$

12,021

$

(3,603)

$

21,319

December 31, 2025:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

U.S. Treasury securities

$

(1)

$

996

$

(15)

$

2,984

U.S. Government Agency securities

 

 

 

(100)

 

900

Municipal securities

 

(1)

 

1,025

 

(2,363)

 

11,300

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations

 

(32)

 

3,871

 

(859)

 

5,359

Corporate securities

 

 

 

(122)

 

5,718

$

(34)

$

5,892

$

(3,459)

$

26,261

Unrealized losses on U.S. treasury securities, government agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, collateral mortgage obligations, corporate securities, and municipal securities, have not been recognized into income because these losses are attributable to changes in interest rates, not credit quality, and because management does not intend to sell and will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery or maturity.

At March 31, 2026, five U.S. Treasury, three collateralized mortgage obligations, two municipal, and one corporate security were in a loss position for less than twelve months. At March 31, 2026, thirty-one municipal securities, nine collateralized mortgage

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obligations, seven corporate securities, four mortgage-backed securities, and one government agency were in a continuous loss position for more than twelve months.

At December 31, 2025, one U.S. Treasury, two municipal, and two collateralized mortgage obligation securities were in a loss position for less than twelve months. At December 31, 2025, one government agency, one U.S. Treasury, thirty-one municipal, four mortgage-backed, ten collateralized mortgage obligations, and eight corporate securities were in a continuous loss position for more than twelve months.

Allowance for Credit Losses for Debt Securities:

The following table presents the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities:

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

Municipal Securities

March 31, 2026:

 

  ​

Balance, beginning of period

$

518

Provision for credit losses, not previously recorded

 

Balance, end of period

$

518

March 31, 2025:

 

  ​

Balance, beginning of period

$

498

Provision for credit losses, not previously recorded

 

Balance, end of period

$

498

At March 31, 2026 and 2025, the fair value of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has been recorded was $518,000 and $498,000, respectively. This is comprised of the Madison County Capital Resource Corp. (Cazenovia College) bond that was in default at March 31, 2026 and 2025. The bond is collateralized with all the assets and real estate of the issuer which will be monetized to satisfy bond holders.

4. LOANS

Net loans at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 were as follows:

  ​ ​ ​

(In thousands)

At March 31, 2026

  ​ ​ ​

At December 31, 2025

Mortgage loans on real estate:

 

  ​

 

  ​

One-to four-family first lien residential

$

92,301

$

93,006

Residential construction

 

2,438

 

3,196

Home equity loans and lines of credit

 

16,788

 

15,921

Commercial

 

94,868

 

87,954

Total mortgage loans on real estate

 

206,395

 

200,077

Commercial and industrial

 

23,726

 

22,243

Consumer loans

 

4,023

 

4,349

Total loans

 

234,144

 

226,669

Allowance for credit losses

 

(2,001)

 

(1,915)

Net deferred loan costs

 

1,191

 

1,276

Net loans

$

233,334

$

226,030

Residential real estate loans serviced for others, by the Company, not included in net loans totaled $34.1 million and $33.4 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

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Loan Origination/Risk Management

The Company has lending policies and procedures in place that are designed to maximize loan income within an acceptable level of risk. Management reviews and approves these policies and procedures on a regular basis. A reporting system supplements the review process by frequently providing management with reports related to loan production, loan quality, loan delinquencies, non-performing and potential problem loans. Diversification in the loan portfolio is a means of managing risk associated with fluctuations in economic conditions.

Risk Characteristics of Portfolio Segments

The risk characteristics within the loan portfolio vary depending on the loan segment. Consumer loans generally are repaid from personal sources of income. Risks associated with consumer loans primarily include general economic risks such as declines in the local economy creating higher rates of unemployment. Those conditions may also lead to a decline in collateral values should the Company be required to repossess the collateral securing consumer loans. These economic risks also impact the commercial loan segment, however commercial loans are considered to have greater risk than consumer loans as the primary source of repayment is from the cash flow of the business customer. Real estate loans, including residential mortgages, manufactured housing, commercial and home equity loans, comprised approximately 88.1% and 88.3% of the portfolio at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Loans secured by real estate provide the best collateral protection and thus significantly reduce the inherent risk in the portfolio.

Management has reviewed its loan portfolio and determined that, to the best of its knowledge, little or no exposure exists to sub-prime or other high-risk residential mortgages. The Company is not in the practice of originating these types of loans.

Description of Credit Quality Indicators

Commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans are assigned a “Pass” rating unless the loan has demonstrated signs of weakness as indicated by the ratings below:

·

Special Mention:   The relationship is protected but is potentially weak. These assets may constitute an undue and unwarranted credit risk but not to the point of justifying a substandard rating. The loan is not upgraded until a correction of weakness has occurred and there has been a period of sustained performance under reasonable repayment terms.

·

Substandard:   The relationship is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified have a well-defined weakness or a weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. All loans 90 days past-due are classified Substandard. A loan is not upgraded until a correction of weakness has occurred and there has been a period of sustained performance under reasonable repayment terms.

·

Doubtful/Loss:   Loans are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as bankable assets are not warranted. It is not practicable or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be possible in the future.

The risk ratings are evaluated at least annually or when credit deficiencies arise, such as delinquent loan payments.

All other loans are assigned a “Pass” rating until the loan becomes 90 days past due at which time it is either downgraded to “Non-Performing” status or charged off.

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Table of Contents

The following tables present the loans to customers as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, based on year of origination within each credit quality indicator:

At March 31, 2026

Revolving

Loans

Converted

Revolving

to Term

Loans

Loans

Amortized

Amortized

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2022

  ​ ​ ​

Prior

  ​ ​ ​

Cost Basis

  ​ ​ ​

Cost Basis

  ​ ​ ​

Total

Mortgage loans on real estate:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

One-to-four-family first lien residential:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Pass

$

2,146

$

1,310

$

3,446

$

9,103

$

15,802

$

59,552

$

$

$

91,359

Non-Performing

287

240

415

942

Total

 

2,146

 

1,310

 

3,446

 

9,390

 

16,042

 

59,967

 

 

 

92,301

Current period gross write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Current period recoveries

Current period net write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Residential construction:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Pass

$

$

2,188

$

$

$

112

$

138

$

$

$

2,438

Total

 

 

2,188

 

 

 

112

 

138

 

 

 

2,438

Current period gross write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Current period recoveries

Current period net write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Home equity loans and lines of credit:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Pass

$

260

$

273

$

629

$

$

$

58

$

15,305

$

231

$

16,756

Non-Performing

32

32

Total

 

260

 

273

 

629

 

 

 

58

 

15,305

 

263

 

16,788

Current period gross write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Current period recoveries

Current period net write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Commercial:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Pass

$

8,003

$

31,197

$

9,756

$

12,927

$

6,308

$

22,691

$

$

$

90,882

Special Mention

576

576

Substandard

335

1,218

735

115

1,007

3,410

Total

 

8,338

 

31,197

 

10,974

 

13,662

 

6,423

 

24,274

 

 

 

94,868

Current period gross write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Current period recoveries

Current period net write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Commercial and Industrial:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Pass

$

1,008

$

8,303

$

4,788

$

3,391

$

1,873

$

4,363

$

$

$

23,726

Total

 

1,008

 

8,303

 

4,788

 

3,391

 

1,873

 

4,363

 

 

 

23,726

Current period gross write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Current period recoveries

Current period net write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Consumer:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Pass

$

196

$

662

$

1,667

$

519

$

812

$

93

$

73

$

1

$

4,023

Total

 

196

 

662

 

1,667

 

519

 

812

 

93

 

73

 

1

 

4,023

Current period gross write-offs

$

$

(32)

$

(6)

$

$

$

$

$

$

(38)

Current period recoveries

1

2

1

4

Current period net write-offs

$

$

(31)

$

(4)

$

1

$

$

$

$

$

(34)

15

Table of Contents

At December 31, 2025

Revolving

Loans

Converted

Revolving

to Term

Loans

Loans

Amortized

Amortized

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2022

  ​ ​ ​

2021

  ​ ​ ​

Prior

  ​ ​ ​

Cost Basis

  ​ ​ ​

Cost Basis

  ​ ​ ​

Total

Mortgage loans on real estate:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

One-to-four-family first lien residential:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Pass

$

2,384

$

2,712

$

9,936

$

16,704

$

10,643

$

49,857

$

$

$

92,236

Non-Performing

45

287

68

370

770

Total

 

2,429

 

2,712

 

10,223

 

16,772

 

10,643

 

50,227

 

 

 

93,006

Current period gross write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Current period recoveries

Current period net write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Residential construction:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Pass

$

2,190

$

750

$

$

113

$

$

143

$

$

$

3,196

Total

 

2,190

 

750

 

 

113

 

 

143

 

 

 

3,196

Current period gross write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Current period recoveries

Current period net write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Home equity loans and lines of credit:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Pass

$

278

$

636

$

$

$

$

60

$

14,682

$

233

$

15,889

Non-Performing

32

32

Total

 

278

 

636

 

 

 

 

60

 

14,682

 

265

 

15,921

Current period gross write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Current period recoveries

Current period net write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Commercial:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Pass

$

31,612

$

8,687

$

12,995

$

7,331

$

6,581

$

16,919

$

$

$

84,125

Special Mention

576

576

Substandard

1,221

735

1,297

3,253

Total

 

31,612

 

10,484

 

13,730

 

7,331

 

6,581

 

18,216

 

 

 

87,954

Current period gross write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Current period recoveries

Current period net write-offs

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Commercial and Industrial:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Pass

$

8,179

$

4,619

$

3,260

$

1,827

$

1,554

$

2,298

$

$

$

21,737

Special Mention

31

288

94

93

506

Total

 

8,210

 

4,907

 

3,354

 

1,920

 

1,554

 

2,298

 

 

 

22,243

Current period gross write-offs

$

$

$

(652)

$

(7)

$

(4)

$

(16)

$

$

$

(679)

Current period recoveries

2

2

Current period net write-offs

$

$

$

(652)

$

(7)

$

(4)

$

(14)

$

$

$

(677)

Consumer:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Pass

$

711

$

1,788

$

731

$

909

$

1

$

116

$

92

$

1

$

4,349

Total

 

711

 

1,788

 

731

 

909

 

1

 

116

 

92

 

1

 

4,349

Current period gross write-offs

$

$

(28)

$

(9)

$

$

$

(2)

$

$

$

(39)

Current period recoveries

5

1

6

Current period net write-offs

$

$

(28)

$

(4)

$

$

$

(1)

$

$

$

(33)

At March 31, 2026, a loan relationship consisting of one commercial real estate loan totaling $576,000 and seven commercial and industrial loans totaling $506,000 was upgraded from special mention to pass, offset by two newly classified special mention loans that were downgraded from pass during the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to December 31, 2025. One-to-four-family residential mortgage loans classified as non-performing increased $348,000 and $172,000, respectively, at March 31, 2026, as compared to December 31, 2025.  

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Table of Contents

Loans are considered past-due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received within thirty days of the payment due date. An age analysis of past-due loans, segregated by class of loans, is as follows:

  ​ ​ ​

At March 31, 2026

30-59 Days

60-89 Days

90 Days

Total Past-

Total Loans

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

Past-Due

  ​ ​ ​

Past-Due

  ​ ​ ​

Past-Due

  ​ ​ ​

Due

  ​ ​ ​

Current

  ​ ​ ​

Receivable

Mortgage loans on real estate:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

One-to four-family first lien residential

$

2,935

$

646

$

942

$

4,523

$

87,778

$

92,301

Residential construction

 

 

 

 

 

2,438

 

2,438

Home equity loans and lines of credit

 

394

 

89

 

32

 

515

 

16,273

 

16,788

Commercial

 

323

 

 

1,579

 

1,902

 

92,966

 

94,868

Total mortgage loans on real estate

 

3,652

 

735

 

2,553

 

6,940

 

199,455

 

206,395

Commercial and industrial

 

8

 

 

 

8

 

23,718

 

23,726

Consumer loans

 

114

 

9

 

 

123

 

3,900

 

4,023

Total loans

$

3,774

$

744

$

2,553

$

7,071

$

227,073

$

234,144

  ​ ​ ​

At December 31, 2025

30-59 Days

60-89 Days

90 Days

Total Past-

Total Loans

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

Past-Due

  ​ ​ ​

Past-Due

  ​ ​ ​

Past-Due

  ​ ​ ​

Due

  ​ ​ ​

Current

  ​ ​ ​

Receivable

Mortgage loans on real estate:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

One-to four-family first lien residential

$

2,310

$

297

$

770

$

3,377

$

89,629

$

93,006

Residential construction

 

 

 

 

 

3,196

 

3,196

Home equity loans and lines of credit

 

139

 

53

 

32

 

224

 

15,697

 

15,921

Commercial

 

314

 

735

 

843

 

1,892

 

86,062

 

87,954

Total mortgage loans on real estate

 

2,763

 

1,085

 

1,645

 

5,493

 

194,584

 

200,077

Commercial and industrial

 

33

 

 

 

33

 

22,210

 

22,243

Consumer loans

 

42

 

3

 

 

45

 

4,304

 

4,349

Total loans

$

2,838

$

1,088

$

1,645

$

5,571

$

221,098

$

226,669

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 we had approximately $32,000 of home equity loans and lines of credit past-due 90 days and still accruing. Nonaccrual loans, segregated by class of loan as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are as follows:

At March 31, 2026

Nonaccrual

loans

without

related

allowance

for

Recognized

Nonaccrual

credit

interest

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

loans

  ​ ​ ​

losses

  ​ ​ ​

income

Mortgage loans on real estate:

One-to four-family first lien residential

 

$

942

 

$

415

$

Residential construction

 

 

 

Home equity loans and lines of credit

 

 

 

Commercial

1,579

1,579

Commercial and industrial

 

 

 

Consumer loans

 

 

 

Total nonaccrual loans

 

$

2,521

 

$

1,994

$

17

Table of Contents

At December 31, 2025

Nonaccrual

loans

without

related

allowance

for

Recognized

Nonaccrual

credit

interest

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

loans

  ​ ​ ​

losses

  ​ ​ ​

income

Mortgage loans on real estate:

One-to four-family first lien residential

 

$

1,455

 

$

1,054

$

Residential construction

 

 

 

Home equity loans and lines of credit

 

 

 

Commercial

 

1,578

 

1,578

 

6

Commercial and industrial

 

41

 

41

 

Consumer loans

 

 

 

Total nonaccrual loans

 

$

3,074

 

$

2,673

$

6

Collateral-dependent Loans

A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment of the loan is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. Loans considered collateral-dependent were as follows:

At March 31, 2026

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

Amortized cost

  ​ ​ ​

Collateral type

Real estate:

Residential one-to four-family

$

942

 

Residential real estate property

Home equity line of credit

 

32

 

Residential real estate property

Commercial real estate

 

1,579

 

Commercial real estate property

Total real estate

$

2,553

 

  ​

At December 31, 2025

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

Amortized cost

  ​ ​ ​

Collateral type

Real estate:

Residential one-to four-family

$

725

 

Residential real estate property

Home equity line of credit

 

32

 

Residential real estate property

Commercial real estate

 

1,590

 

Commercial real estate property

Total real estate

$

2,347

 

  ​

Commercial and industrial loans

$

41

 

Commercial business assets

Total commercial and industrial

$

41

 

  ​

There were no loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2026 or during the year ended December 31, 2025.

Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount.

The Company closely monitors the performance of the loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. Loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty did not have payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2026 or the year ended December 31, 2025.

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Table of Contents

Changes in the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are as follows:

At March 31, 2026

Mortgage

Commercial

Loans

and

on Real

Industrial

Consumer

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

Estate

  ​ ​ ​

Loans

  ​ ​ ​

Loans

  ​ ​ ​

Unallocated

  ​ ​ ​

Total

Allowance for credit losses:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Beginning balance

$

1,169

 

$

455

 

$

188

 

$

103

 

$

1,915

Charge-offs

 

 

 

(38)

 

 

(38)

Recoveries

 

 

 

4

 

 

4

Provision

 

(8)

 

94

 

95

 

(61)

 

120

Ending balance

$

1,161

$

549

$

249

$

42

$

2,001

At March 31, 2025

Mortgage

Commercial

Loans

and

on Real

Industrial

Consumer

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

Estate

  ​ ​ ​

Loans

  ​ ​ ​

Loans

  ​ ​ ​

Unallocated

  ​ ​ ​

Total

Allowance for credit losses:

Beginning balance

 

$

1,071

 

$

372

 

$

144

 

$

217

 

$

1,804

Charge-offs

(10)

(51)

(14)

(75)

Recoveries

2

1

3

Provision

114

225

(10)

(219)

110

Ending balance

 

$

1,175

 

$

548

 

$

121

 

$

(2)

 

$

1,842

In the ordinary course of business, the Company makes loans to its directors and officers, including their families and companies in which certain directors are principal owners. All such loans were made on substantially the same terms including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the same time for comparable transactions with unrelated persons. Loans to directors and officers are listed below and are included in loans on the consolidated statements of financial condition.

At March 31, 

At December 31, 

2026

2025

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

Balance, beginning of period

$

851

$

780

Proceeds

 

16

 

300

Payments

 

(67)

 

(229)

Balance, end of period

$

800

$

851

5. PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT

Premises and equipment at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are summarized as follows:

At March 31, 

At December 31, 

(In thousands)

2026

2025

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

Building and building improvements

$

10,974

$

9,976

Construction in progress

 

3,722

 

4,604

Furniture, fixtures and equipment

 

3,241

 

3,231

 

17,937

 

17,811

Accumulated depreciation

 

(4,726)

 

(4,621)

Total

$

13,211

$

13,190

19

Table of Contents

6. DEPOSITS

Deposits, by deposit type, are summarized as follows:

At March 31, 

At December 31, 

(In thousands)

2026

2025

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

Demand deposits

$

33,017

$

32,221

NOW accounts

 

28,142

 

27,801

Regular savings and demand clubs

 

25,085

 

25,662

Money markets

 

95,081

 

86,420

Certificates of deposit and retirement accounts

 

59,528

 

62,322

$

240,853

$

234,426

Scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit and retirement accounts are summarized as follows:

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

At March 31, 2026

2026

$

35,630

2027

 

17,991

2028

 

3,968

2029

 

1,497

2030

 

269

Thereafter

 

173

$

59,528

The aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations of $250,000 or more were $36.8 million and $38.1 million including brokered deposits of $15.7 million and $16.7 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The FDIC generally provides federal deposit insurance per account owner of $250,000.

Interest expense on deposits for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

NOW accounts

$

6

$

6

Regular savings and demand clubs

 

22

 

18

Money markets

 

599

 

396

Certificates of deposit and retirement accounts

 

467

 

508

$

1,094

$

928

Related party deposits at March 31, 2026 were $1.5 million. Related party deposits at December 31, 2025 were $1.5 million.

7. BORROWINGS

Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (“FHLBNY”) reflect advances borrowed from the FHLBNY. The FHLBNY charges a substantial prepayment penalty for early payoff of an advance. The unamortized balances on advances at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are summarized as follows:

At March 31, 

At December 31, 

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

Term Advances:

  ​

  ​

FHLB fixed-rate advances

$

34,567

$

34,567

Repurchase Advances:

 

  ​

 

  ​

FHLB fixed-rate repurchase advances

 

 

1,000

Total Advances

$

34,567

$

35,567

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Table of Contents

The contractual maturities and weighted average rates of advances from FHLBNY at March 31, 2026 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

2026

  ​ ​ ​

$

9,814

  ​ ​ ​

1.84

%

2027

 

8,753

 

2.56

%

2028

 

13,000

 

4.42

%

2029

 

2,000

 

4.61

%

2030

 

1,000

 

4.33

%

$

34,567

 

3.22

%

The Company has access to FHLBNY advances, under which it can borrow at various terms and interest rates. At March 31, 2026, we had the ability to borrow approximately $85.6 million under our credit facilities with FHLBNY, of which $46.7 million was advanced. Residential and commercial mortgage loans of $69.8 million and $69.5 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and investment securities of $15.7 million and $16.6 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, have been pledged by the Company under a blanket collateral agreement to secure the Company’s borrowings. The total outstanding indebtedness under borrowing facilities with the FHLBNY cannot exceed the total value of the assets pledged under the blanket collateral agreement. The Company had a municipal letter of credit (“MULOC”) with the FHLBNY collateralizing a $10.0 million certificate of deposit with the State of New York Banking Development District at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The New York State certificate was deposited after the Company opened its fourth location in Bridgeport, New York. The Company also has a $9.0 million line of credit with two correspondent banks that is available on an unsecured basis and had no draws at March 31, 2026 or December 31, 2025.  At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had the ability to borrow $4.5 million through the Federal Reserve Discount Window.

8. COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The balances and changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, are as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2026

Unrealized

Net

 

Losses on

Loss

Accumulated

Available-

on

Other

 

for-Sale

 

Pension

 

Comprehensive

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

Securities

  ​ ​ ​

Plan

  ​ ​ ​

Loss

 

Beginning balance

 

$

(2,710)

 

$

(936)

 

$

(3,646)

Other comprehensive loss

(196)

(196)

Ending balance

$

(2,906)

 

$

(936)

 

$

(3,842)

Three Months March 31, 2025

Unrealized

Net

 

Losses on

Loss

Accumulated

Available-

on

Other

for-Sale

 

Pension

 

Comprehensive

(In thousands)

Securities

  ​ ​ ​

Plan

  ​ ​ ​

Loss

Beginning balance

$

(3,243)

 

$

(1,241)

 

$

(4,484)

Other comprehensive loss

(53)

(53)

Ending balance

 

$

(3,296)

 

$

(1,241)

 

$

(4,537)

9. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP)

Beginning in 2016, the Company instituted a SERP for its executive officers. All benefits provided under the SERP are unfunded and, as the executive officers retire, the Company will make a payment to the participant. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company recorded $247,000 and $219,000, respectively, for the SERP in other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition. Expenses for the SERP are included in compensation and employee benefits on the consolidated statements of income and were approximately $28,000 and $6,000, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.  

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Table of Contents

Defined Benefit Plan

The Company provides pension benefits for eligible employees through a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan (the “Pension Plan”). Substantially all employees participate in the retirement plan on a noncontributing basis and are fully vested after five years of service.

On October 13, 2017, the Compensation Committee elected to soft-freeze the defined benefit pension plan effective January 1, 2018. All employees hired after that date will not be eligible to participate in the defined benefit pension plan; they will, however, be able to participate in a 401(k) plan that the Company will match up to 50% of the employee elected contribution amount capped at 5% of the employee’s earnings. Expense for the 401(k) is included in compensation and employee benefits on the consolidated statements of income and was $27,000 and $19,000, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”)

Effective upon the completion of the Company’s initial public stock offering in October 2017, the Bank established an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) for all eligible employees. The ESOP used $775,740 in proceeds from a term loan obtained from the Company to purchase 77,574 shares of common stock on the open market at an average price of  $10.00 per share. Also, as part of the recent Conversion, the Company sold 83,588 shares of its common stock to the ESOP at a price of $10.00 per share. The outstanding balance of the October 2017 ESOP loan ($687,687 and the new ESOP loan $835,880) were combined as of the date of the recent Conversion. The new ESOP loan will be repaid principally from the Bank’s contribution to the ESOP in annual payments through 2049 at a fixed interest rate of 7.25%. Shares are released to participants on a straight-line basis over the loan term and allocated based on participant compensation. The Bank recognizes the compensation benefit expense as shares are committed for release at their current market price. The difference between the market price and the cost of shares committed to be released is recorded as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital. Dividends on allocated shares, if applicable, are recorded as a reduction of retained earnings and dividends on unallocated shares are recorded as a reduction of debt. Compensation costs related to the employee stock ownership plan are dependent upon the average stock price and the shares committed to be released to the plan participants through the period in which income is reported. The Company recognized approximately $15,000 and $5,000 of compensation expense related to this plan for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

At March 31, 2026 there were 134,286 shares not yet released having an aggregate market value of approximately $1.6 million. Participant vesting provisions for the ESOP are 20% per year and will be fully vested upon completion of six years of credited service. Eligible employees who were employed with the Bank shall receive credit for vesting purposes for each year of continuous employment prior to adoption of the ESOP.

Stock-Based Compensation

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information for its equity incentive plan for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 is as follows:

  ​ ​ ​

For the three months ended March 31, 

2026

2025

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

Weighted

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

Weighted

Average

  ​

Average

Exercise

Exercise

Price Per

Price Per

Options

Share

Options

Share

Outstanding at the beginning of the period

 

61,186

$

9.32

 

59,034

$

9.27

Grants

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

 

 

Forfeitures

 

$

 

 

Outstanding at period end

 

61,186

$

9.32

 

59,034

$

9.27

Vested at end of period

 

50,415

$

9.18

 

49,040

$

9.17

Exercisable

 

50,415

$

9.18

 

49,040

$

9.17

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Table of Contents

The intrinsic value of options outstanding at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 was $145,000 and $76,000 respectively.

The grants to senior management and directors vest over a five-year period in equal installments, with the first installment vesting on the anniversary date of the grant and succeeding installments on each anniversary thereafter, through 2030.

The Company recorded compensation expense in the amount of $5,000 and $4,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The Company had $22,000 of compensation expense remaining to be recognized at March 31, 2026.

Compensation costs related to share-based payments transactions are recognized based on the grant-date fair value of the stock-based compensation issued. Compensation costs are recognized over the period that an employee provides service in exchange for the award.

In May 2023 and 2022, the Company awarded 12,000 original shares of restricted stock to senior management. The restricted stock vests 20% per year on the specified vesting date, until 100% vested on the specified vesting date of the fifth year after the restricted stock was granted. In November 2025, the Company awarded 10,000 shares of restricted stock to senior management. Of the total restricted shares, 5,000 will become 100% vested on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 5,000 shares will become 50% vested on the first anniversary of the grant date and fully vested on the second anniversary of the grant date. The Company recorded compensation expense in the amount of $33,000 and $12,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The Company has $145,000 of compensation expenses remaining to be recognized at March 31, 2026.

The Company did not have any awards granted or forfeited during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

10. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities; however, there are inherent weaknesses in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all assets and liabilities, the fair value estimates herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sales transaction on the dates indicated. The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of their respective year-ends and have not been re-evaluated or updated for purposes of these consolidated financial statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of assets and liabilities subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different than the amounts reported at each year-end.

Accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation methods used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1:   Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2:   Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3:   Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported with little or no market activity).

An asset or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

23

Table of Contents

For financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used are as follows:

There were no securities transferred out of Level 2 securities available-for-sale during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, the Company transferred an investment security from Level 2 to Level 3 as a result of the lack of observable market inputs, which required the use of significant unobservable inputs to determine fair value.

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

Total

  ​ ​ ​

Level 1

  ​ ​ ​

Level 2

  ​ ​ ​

Level 3

Available-for-sale Securities:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

March 31, 2026:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

U.S. Treasury securities

$

11,740

$

$

11,740

$

U.S. Government Agency securities

 

893

 

 

893

 

Municipal securities

 

13,366

 

 

13,218

 

148

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations

 

10,001

 

 

10,001

 

Corporate securities

 

7,031

 

 

7,031

 

$

43,031

$

$

42,883

$

148

December 31, 2025:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

U.S. Treasury securities

$

14,795

$

$

14,795

$

U.S. Government Agency securities

 

900

 

 

900

 

Municipal securities

 

13,527

 

 

13,379

 

148

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations

 

10,915

 

 

10,915

 

Corporate securities

 

8,498

 

 

8,498

 

$

48,635

$

$

48,487

$

148

The table below presents a reconciliation of all assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended March 31:

  ​ ​ ​

Municipal Securities

(In thousands)

2026

2025

 

Balance of recurring Level 3 assets at January 1

$

148

$

Transfers into Level 3

 

 

Balance of recurring Level 3 assets at March 31

$

148

$

Fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows. The valuation model utilizes the estimated future cash flows from the underlying creditor discounted using the original bond interest rate.

Required disclosures include fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate, and estimates of future cash flows. In that regard, the fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instrument. Certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments are excluded from the disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do not represent the underlying value of the Company.

Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of certain of the Company’s assets and liabilities at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The carrying amounts of these assets approximate their fair values.

24

Table of Contents

Securities Available-For-Sale

The fair value of securities available-for-sale (carried at fair value) are determined by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices and is a Level 2 measurement. For those available-for-sale debt securities where market prices of similar securities are not available because of the lack of observable market data, they are valued on a quarterly basis by measuring the present value of estimated future cash flows and, therefore, are classified as Level 3 within the valuation hierarchy.

Investment in FHLBNY Stock

The carrying value of FHLBNY stock approximates its fair value based on the redemption provisions of the FHLBNY stock, resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Investment in Federal Reserve Stock

The carrying value of Federal Reserve Bank stock approximates its fair value based on the redemption provisions of the Federal Reserve Bank stock, resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Loans, Net

The fair values of loans held in portfolio are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market rates at the balance sheet date that reflect the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loans, resulting in a Level 3 classification. Projected future cash flows are calculated based upon contractual maturity or call dates, projected repayments, and prepayments of principal. Generally, for variable rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values.

Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable and Advances from Borrowers for Taxes and Insurance

The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Deposits

The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., NOW accounts, non-interest checking, regular savings and certain types of money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts), resulting in a Level 1 classification. The carrying amounts for variable-rate certificates of deposit approximate their fair values at the reporting date, resulting in a Level 1 classification. Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies market interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits, resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Advances and Borrowings from FHLB

The fair values of FHLB long-term borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based on the quoted rates for new FHLB advances with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity, resulting in a Level 2 classification.

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Table of Contents

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 were as follows:

Carrying

Fair

(In thousands)

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

Level 1

  ​ ​ ​

Level 2

  ​ ​ ​

Level 3

  ​ ​ ​

Value

March 31, 2026:

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Financial assets:

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Cash and cash equivalents

$

7,206

$

7,206

$

$

$

7,206

Securities available-for-sale, net of allowance for credit losses of $518

 

43,031

 

 

42,883

 

148

 

43,031

Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock, at cost

 

3,254

 

 

3,254

 

 

3,254

Federal Reserve Bank stock, at cost

270

270

270

Loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $2,001

 

233,334

 

 

 

222,957

 

222,957

Accrued interest receivable

 

1,603

 

1,603

 

 

 

1,603

Financial liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

  ​

Deposits

 

240,853

 

86,246

 

144,293

 

 

230,539

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 

34,567

 

 

35,987

 

 

35,987

Accrued interest payable

 

115

 

115

 

 

 

115

Advances from borrowers for taxes and insurance

 

1,938

 

1,938

 

 

 

1,938

December 31, 2025:

 

  ​

 

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Financial assets:

 

  ​

 

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Cash and cash equivalents

$

5,328

$

5,328

$

$

$

5,328

Securities available-for-sale, net of allowance for credit losses of $518

 

48,635

 

 

48,487

 

148

 

48,635

Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock, at cost

 

3,272

 

3,272

3,272

Federal Reserve Bank stock, at cost

131

131

131

Loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $1,915

 

226,030

 

 

 

213,685

 

213,685

Accrued interest receivable

 

1,479

 

1,479

1,479

Financial liabilities:

 

  ​

 

 

 

 

Deposits

 

234,426

 

85,684

 

140,079

 

 

225,763

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 

35,567

 

 

36,987

 

 

36,987

Accrued interest payable

 

120

 

120

 

 

 

120

Advances from borrowers for taxes and insurance

 

2,389

 

2,389

 

 

 

2,389

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

In addition to disclosure of the fair value of assets on a recurring basis, ASC Topic 820 requires disclosures for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as impaired assets and foreclosed real estate. Loans are generally not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Periodically, the Company records nonrecurring adjustments to the carrying value of loans based on fair value measurements for partial charge-offs of the uncollectible portions of these loans. Nonrecurring adjustments also include certain impairment amounts for collateral-dependent loans calculated as required by ASC Topic 310, “Receivables — Loan Impairment” when establishing the allowance for credit losses. Impaired loans are those in which the Company has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral less estimated selling costs.

Fair value of real estate collateral is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, which consider sales prices of similar properties in the proximate vicinity or by discounting expected cash flows from the properties by an appropriate risk adjusted discount rate. Management may adjust the appraised values as deemed appropriate. Fair values of collateral other than real estate is based on an estimate of the liquidation proceeds. Impaired loans and foreclosed real estate are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. The fair value consists of the asset balances net of a valuation allowance.

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Table of Contents

Assets taken in foreclosure of defaulted loans generally measured at the lower cost or fair value less costs to sell. The fair value of the real property is generally determined using appraisals or other indications of value based on recent comparable sales of similar properties or assumptions generally observable in the marketplace, and the related nonrecurring fair value measurement adjustments have generally been classified as Level 3.

For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 were as follows:

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

Total

  ​ ​ ​

Level 1

  ​ ​ ​

Level 2

  ​ ​ ​

Level 3

 

March 31, 2026:

Collateral-dependent loans

$

2,413

$

$

$

2,413

$

2,413

$

$

$

2,413

December 31, 2025:

Collateral-dependent loans

$

2,259

$

$

$

2,259

$

2,259

$

$

$

2,259

The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which Level 3 inputs were used to determine fair value:

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

Adjustment

  ​ ​ ​

Valuation

  ​ ​ ​

Unobservable

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

(Weighted-

Techniques

Input

Range

average)

Collateral-dependent loans

 

Lower of appraisal

 

Appraisal

 

10%-50%

(26%) 2026

 

of collateral or

 

adjustments

10%-55%

 

(26%) 2025

 

asking price less

 

 

selling costs

 

 

Selling costs

 

7%-15%

(10%) 2026

 

7%-14%

(10%) 2025

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the fair value of collateral-dependent loans consisted of loan balances of $2,553,000 and $2,394,000, respectively, net of a valuation allowance of $140,000 and $135,000, respectively.

11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The Company is at times, and in the ordinary course of business, subject to legal actions. Management believes that losses, if any, resulting from current legal actions will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit, market, and interest rate risk more than the amounts recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for loan commitments is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.

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Table of Contents

As of the dates indicated, the following financial instruments were outstanding whose contract amounts represent credit risk:

At March 31, 

At December 31, 

(In thousands)

2026

2025

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

Commitments to Grant Loans

$

668

$

1,298

Performance Standby Letters of Credit

$

341

$

96

Unfunded Commitments Under Lines of Credit

$

26,004

$

27,858

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer if there is no violation of any conditions established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses. Since some of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.

Unfunded commitments under commercial lines of credit, revolving credit lines and overdraft protection agreements are commitments for possible future extensions of credit to existing customers. These lines of credit are uncollateralized and usually do not contain a specified maturity date and may not be drawn upon to the total extent to which the Company is committed. Allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments was immaterial at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

12. REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators, which if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices.

As a result of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, the federal banking agencies were required to develop a “Community Bank Leverage Ratio” (the ratio of a Bank’s Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets) for financial institutions with assets of less than $10 billion. A “qualifying community bank” that exceeds this ratio will be deemed to be in compliance with all other capital and leverage requirements, including the capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” under Prompt Corrective Action statutes. The federal banking agencies may consider a financial institution’s risk profile when evaluating whether it qualifies as a community bank for purposes of the capital ratio requirement. A financial institution can elect to be subject to this new definition. The federal banking agencies set the minimum capital for the Community Bank Leverage Ratio at 9.00%. The Bank elected to adopt the Community Bank Leverage Ratio as of June 30, 2020. Effective July 1, 2026, the federal banking agencies set the minimum capital for the Community Bank Leverage Ratio at 8.00% and extended the grace period from two quarters to four quarters, subject to a limit of eight quarters over a five-year period.

As of March 31, 2026, the most recent notification from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio (Community Bank Leverage Ratio) as set forth in the table below, including applicable grace periods. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category. The Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, are as follows:

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

To be Well

  ​ ​ ​

Capitalized

Under Prompt and

Minimum Capital

Capital Adequacy

Corrective Action

Adequacy with

Actual

Purposes

Provisions

Buffer

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

Ratio

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

Ratio

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

Ratio

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

Ratio

As of March 31, 2026

Tier 1 capital to assets

$

30,619

 

9.78

%  

$

25,043

 

8.00

%  

$

28,173

 

9.00

%  

N/A

 

N/A

As of December 31, 2025:

Tier 1 capital to assets

$

30,487

 

9.68

%  

$

25,208

 

8.00

%  

$

28,359

 

9.00

%  

N/A

 

N/A

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13. EARNINGS PER SHARE COMMON

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Net income available to common stockholders is net income to the Company. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company had 13,458 and 8,595 potentially dilutive common stock equivalents. Unallocated common shares held by the ESOP are not included in the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for purposes of calculating earnings per common share until they are committed to be released. Antidilutive shares are not included in the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for purposes of calculating earnings per common share until they become dilutive.

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share:

Three months ended March 31, 

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

Basic (loss) earnings per common share:

Net (loss) income available to common stockholders

$

(50)

$

148

Weighted average common shares outstanding basic

 

1,643,292

 

1,699,909

Weighted average common shares outstanding dilutive

 

1,656,750

 

1,708,504

(Loss) Earnings per share basic

$

(0.03)

$

0.09

(Loss) Earnings per share dilutive

$

(0.03)

$

0.09

14. NON-INTEREST INCOME

The Company has included the following tables regarding the Company’s non-interest income for the periods presented:

Three months ended March 31, 

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

 

Service fees

Deposit related fees

$

12

$

9

Loan servicing income

 

23

 

23

Total service fees

 

35

 

32

Income from financial services

 

  ​

 

  ​

Securities commission income

 

261

 

222

Insurance commission income

 

1

 

2

Total insurance and securities commission income

 

262

 

224

Card income

 

  ​

 

  ​

Debit card interchange fee income

 

85

 

68

ATM fees

 

8

 

7

Insufficient fund fees

 

91

 

65

Total card and insufficient funds income

 

184

 

140

Realized gain on sales of residential mortgage loans

 

24

 

33

Deferred compensation plan assets

 

33

 

26

Other miscellaneous income

 

66

 

31

Total non-interest income

$

604

$

486

The following is a discussion of key revenues within the scope of the new revenue guidance:

·

Service fees — Revenue from fees on deposit accounts is earned at the time that the charge is assessed to the customer’s account. Fee waivers are discretionary and usually reversed within the same reporting period as assessed.

·

Fee income — Fee income is earned through commissions and is satisfied over the time which the fee has been assessed.

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Table of Contents

·

Card income and insufficient funds fees — Card income consists of interchange fees from consumer debit card networks and other card related services. Interchange rates are set by the card networks. Interchange fees are based on purchase volumes and other factors and are recognized as transactions occur. Insufficient funds fees are satisfied at the time the charge is assessed to the customer’s account.

15. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company has two primary business segments, its community banking segment, and its wealth management segment.

The community banking segment provides financial services to consumers and businesses principally in the Greater Syracuse Area and Onondaga County of New York State. These services include providing various types of loans to customers, accepting deposits, mortgage banking, and other traditional banking services. Parent company income is included in the community banking segment, as the majority of effort for these functions is related to this segment. Major revenue sources include net interest income and service fees on deposit accounts. Expenses include personnel and branch-network support charges. The wealth management agency segment offers individual investment management for individuals in the Greater Syracuse Area. The primary revenue source is commissions from 401(k) management and brokered accounts.

The Company’s Chief Financial Officer is the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The CODM evaluates the financial performance of the Company’s components such as evaluating revenue streams, significant expenses, and budget to actual results in assessing the performance of the Company’s segments in the determination of allocating resources. Financial information regarding each significant segment expense outlined below is regularly provided (at least monthly) to the CODM. For the community banking segment, interest expense is a significant segment expense. Additionally, for each of the two reportable segments, compensation and employee benefits are significant segment expenses.

Information about the segments is presented in the following table as of and for the periods indicated:

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

At March 31, 2026

  ​ ​ ​

At December 31, 2025

Total assets for Seneca Savings

$

315,155

$

312,487

Total assets for Financial Quest

 

1,296

 

1,236

Elimination of intercompany receivables

 

(589)

 

(1,609)

Total consolidated assets

$

315,862

$

312,114

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Three Months Ended March 31, 

(In thousands)

2026

2025

  ​ ​ ​

Seneca Savings

  ​ ​ ​

Financial Quest

  ​ ​ ​

Total

  ​ ​ ​

Seneca Savings

  ​ ​ ​

Financial Quest

  ​ ​ ​

Total

INTEREST INCOME

Total interest income

$

3,828

$

$

3,828

$

3,437

$

$

3,437

INTEREST EXPENSE

 

 

 

 

 

Total interest expense

 

1,384

 

 

1,384

 

1,309

 

 

1,309

Net interest income

 

2,444

 

 

2,444

 

2,128

 

 

2,128

Provision for credit losses loans receivable

 

120

 

 

120

 

110

 

 

110

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

 

2,324

 

 

2,324

 

2,018

 

 

2,018

NONINTEREST INCOME

 

 

 

 

 

Service fees

 

35

 

 

35

 

32

 

 

32

Income from financial services

 

 

262

 

262

 

 

224

 

224

Fee income

 

236

 

8

 

244

 

163

 

8

 

171

Gain on sale of fixed assets

 

6

 

 

6

 

 

 

Earnings on deferred compensation plan assets

 

33

 

 

33

 

26

 

 

26

Net gains on sale of residential mortgage loans

 

24

 

 

24

 

33

 

 

33

Total noninterest income

 

334

 

270

 

604

 

254

 

232

 

486

NONINTEREST EXPENSE

 

 

 

 

 

 

Compensation and employee benefits

 

1,439

 

140

 

1,579

 

1,170

 

116

 

1,286

Core processing

 

463

 

 

463

 

335

 

 

335

Premises and equipment

 

304

 

6

 

310

 

217

 

6

 

223

Professional fees

 

159

 

15

 

174

 

57

 

 

57

Postage & office supplies

 

24

 

 

24

 

43

 

 

43

FDIC premiums

 

55

 

 

55

 

33

 

 

33

Advertising

 

91

 

1

 

92

 

96

 

2

 

98

Director fees

 

46

 

 

46

 

48

 

 

48

Intangible asset amortization

39

39

39

39

Other

172

17

189

153

12

165

Total noninterest expense

2,753

218

2,971

2,152

175

2,327

(Loss) Income before provision for income taxes

(95)

52

(43)

120

57

177

PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES

 

7

 

 

7

 

29

 

 

29

Net (loss) income

$

(102)

$

52

$

(50)

$

91

$

57

$

148

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

General

Management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations at and for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 is intended to assist in understanding the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. The information in this section should be read in conjunction with the unaudited financial statements and the notes thereto, appearing in Part 1, Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained herein are “forward looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “target” and words of similar meaning.  These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

statements of our goals, intentions and expectations;
statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;
statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and
estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.

These forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control.  In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change.

The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:

inflation, tariffs and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins and yields, the fair value of financial instruments or our level of loan originations, or increase the level of defaults, losses and prepayments on loans we have made and make;
general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas, that are worse than expected;
events involving the failure of financial institutions may adversely affect our business, and the market price of our common stock;
changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses;
our ability to access cost-effective funding;
fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate market conditions;
demand for loans and deposits in our market area;
our ability to implement and change our business strategies;
competition among depository and other financial institutions;

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Table of Contents

adverse changes in the securities or secondary mortgage markets, including our ability to sell loans in the secondary market;
changes in laws or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements;
changes in the quality or composition of our loan or investment portfolios;
technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected;
the inability of third-party providers to perform as expected;
a failure or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, including cyberattacks;
our ability to manage market risk, credit risk and operational risk in the current economic environment;
our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;
our ability to successfully integrate into our operations any assets, liabilities, customers, systems and management personnel we may acquire and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames, and any goodwill charges related thereto;
changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;
changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;
our ability to retain key employees;
any future FDIC insurance premium increases or special assessments may adversely affect our earnings;
our ability to prevent or mitigate fraudulent activity;
our ability to evaluate the amount and timing of recognition of future tax assets and liabilities;
political instability or civil unrest;
acts of war or terrorism or public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic;
our ability to control operating costs and expenses, including compensation expense associated with equity allocated or awarded to our employees;
changes in the financial condition, results of operations or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own; and
our inability to sell our foreclosed assets, net at an amount equal to or greater than the carrying amount.

Because of these and a wide variety of other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements.  Except as required by applicable law or regulation, we do not undertake, and we specifically disclaim any obligation, to release publicly the results of any revisions that may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of the statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.

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Table of Contents

Overview

Our results of operations depend primarily on our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income we earn on our interest-earning assets, consisting primarily of loans, investment securities and other interest-earning assets (cash and cash equivalents), and the interest we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, consisting primarily of demand accounts, NOW accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, certificate of deposit accounts and borrowings.

Our results of operations also are affected by non-interest income, our provision for credit losses and non-interest expense. Non-interest income consists primarily of fee income and service fees, income from our financial services division, earnings on bank owned life insurance, realized gains on sales of loans and securities and other income. Non-interest expenses consist primarily of compensation and employee benefits, core processing, premises and equipment, professional fees, postage and office supplies, FDIC premiums, advertising and other expenses.

Financial institutions like us, in general, are significantly affected by economic conditions, competition, and the monetary and fiscal policies of the federal government. Lending activities are influenced by the demand for and supply of housing and commercial real estate, competition among lenders, interest rate conditions, and funds availability. Our operations and lending are principally concentrated in Onondaga and Madison Counties and the greater Syracuse, New York area, and our operations and earnings are influenced by local economic conditions. Deposit balances and cost of funds are influenced by prevailing market rates on competing investments, customer preferences, and levels of personal income and savings in our primary market area. Operations are also significantly impacted by government policies and actions of regulatory authorities. Future changes in applicable law, regulations or government policies, as well as regulatory actions, may materially impact our financial performance.

Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. As a result, we are required to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based upon the information available at that time. Critical accounting estimates include the areas where we have made what we consider to be particularly difficult, subjective, or complex judgments concerning estimates, and where these estimates can significantly affect our financial results under different assumptions and conditions. These estimates, judgments, and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods presented. Actual results could be different from these estimates. We evaluate our critical accounting estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis and update them as needed. Significant accounting policies are presented in Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses on loans represents management’s current estimate of expected credit losses over the contractual term of loans, and is recorded at an amount that, in management’s judgment, reduces the recorded investment in loans to the net amount expected to be collected. Management considers the allowance for credit losses to be a critical accounting estimate, given the uncertainty in estimating lifetime credit losses attributable to our portfolios of assets exhibiting credit risk, particularly in our loan portfolio, and the material effect that such judgments can have on our results of operations. Determining the amount requires significant judgment on the part of management, is multi-faceted, and can be imprecise. The level of the allowance for credit losses on loans is based on management’s ongoing review of all relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and expectations of the future based on reasonable and supportable forecasts.

The allowance is established through a provision for credit losses in our consolidated statements of income, and evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is performed by management on a quarterly basis. While management uses available information to anticipate credit losses, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions or the composition of our portfolios. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review our allowance for credit losses. At March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the allowance for credit losses on loans totaled $2.0 million and $1.9 million, respectively. Due to the nature and composition of our lending activities, a significant portion of the allowance for credit losses on loans is allocated to the commercial real estate portfolio. As of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the allowance for credit losses on loans allocated to our commercial real estate portfolio was $672,000, or 34.3%, and $676,000, or 37.3%, respectively.

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Table of Contents

Our methodology for maintaining our allowance for credit losses is based on historical experience and data, current economic information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Accordingly, the estimation of the allowance for credit losses is impacted by the economic forecasts utilized, which require the use of significant judgment. Deterioration in forecasted economic conditions may lead to further required increases to the allowance for credit losses. Conversely, improvements in forecasted economic conditions may warrant further reductions to the allowance for credit losses. In estimating the allowance for credit losses, management considers the sensitivity of the model and significant judgments and assumptions that could result in an amount that is materially different from management’s estimate.

Loans that have similar risk characteristics are evaluated on a collective basis for the purposes of establishing the allowance for credit losses. Qualitative risk factors evaluated include:

changes in the local economy and economic forecasts;
changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans;
concentration of credit exposure;
changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices not considered elsewhere in estimating credit losses;
digital lending risk; and
changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff.

Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are also not included in the collective evaluation. A collateral-dependent asset is a financial asset for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral when the borrower, based on management’s assessment, is experiencing financial difficulty. The allowance for credit loss for a collateral dependent financial asset is measured using the fair value of collateral. When management determines that foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate.

An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio.

The allowance for credit losses is sensitive to various forecasted macroeconomic drivers, including the Federal Open Market Committee’s (“FOMC”) median forecasted U.S. civilian unemployment rate and the year-over-year change in U.S. Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”). While it is difficult to estimate how potential changes to various factors may impact the allowance for credit losses because such changes to factors may not occur at the same rate or in the same direction, management compared the modeled allowance for credit losses on loans to a hypothetical model using a downside economic forecast. Using an immediate “shock” or increase of 20 basis points in the FOMC’s projected rate of U.S. civilian unemployment, and a decrease of 100 basis points in the FOMC’s projected rate of U.S. GDP growth, this would increase the model’s total calculated allowance for credit losses on loans by $1.1 million or 53.4%, representing a 45 basis points increase to the coverage ratio of the allowance for credit losses as a percentage of loans at amortized cost, assuming all other quantitative and qualitative factors are kept at current levels, as of March 31, 2026. This example is only one of the numerous possible economic scenarios that could be utilized in assessing the sensitivity of the allowance for credit losses and does not represent management’s assumptions or judgment of factors as of March 31, 2026.

Unexpected changes in economic growth could adversely affect our results of operations, including causing increases in delinquencies and default rates on loans, which would adversely impact our charge-offs, allowance for credit losses, and provision for credit losses. Deterioration in real estate values, employment data and household incomes may also result in higher credit losses for us. Also, in the ordinary course of business, we may be subject to a concentration of credit risk to a particular industry, counterparty, borrower or issuer. A deterioration in the financial condition or prospects of a particular industry or a failure or downgrade of, or default

35

Table of Contents

by, any particular entity or group of entities could negatively impact our business, perhaps materially, and the systems by which we set limits and monitor the level of our credit exposure to individual entities and industries, may not function as we have anticipated.

Comparison of Financial Condition at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025

Total Assets. Total assets were $315.9 million as of March 31, 2026 and $312.1 million as of December 31, 2025, an increase of $3.7 million, or 1.2%. The increase in assets was primarily due to a $7.3 million increase in net loans, and a $1.9 million increase in cash and cash equivalents, offset by a $5.6 million decrease in available-for-sale securities.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents increased $1.9 million, or 35.2%, to $7.2 million at March 31, 2026 from $5.3 million at December 31, 2025. The increase primarily resulted from a $6.4 million increase in total deposits and a $5.6 million decrease in available-for-sale securities, partially offset by a $7.3 million increase in net loans.

Available-for-Sale Securities. Available-for-sale securities decreased by $5.6 million, or 11.5%, to $43.0 million at March 31, 2026 from $48.6 million at December 31, 2025. This decrease was primarily due to maturities of $4.5 million and $838,000 in principal repayments during the first three months of 2026.

Net Loans. Loans receivable, net of the allowance for credit losses, increased $7.3 million, or 3.2%, to $233.3 million at March 31, 2026 from $226.0 million at December 31, 2025. The increase in net loans was primarily driven by the origination of $13.0 million of loans, partially offset by $4.4 million of paydowns and $1.3 million of loan sales during the three months ended March 31, 2026. Commercial real estate loans increased to $94.9 million at March 31, 2026 from $88.0 million at December 31, 2025 and commercial and industrial loans increased to $23.7 million at March 31, 2026 as compared to $22.2 million at December 31, 2025 as we continue to focus on growth in these portfolios. Home equity loans and lines of credit increased to $16.8 million at March 31, 2026 from $15.9 million at December 31, 2025. One- to four-family residential mortgage loans decreased to $92.3 million at March 31, 2026 from $93.0 million at December 31, 2025. Residential construction loans decreased to $2.4 million at March 31, 2026 from $3.2 million at December 31, 2025. Consumer and other loans decreased to $4.0 million at March 31, 2026 from $4.3 million at December 31, 2025.

Deposits. Total deposits increased by $6.4 million, or 2.7%, to $240.9 million at March 31, 2026 from $234.4 million at December 31, 2025. Core deposits (which we define as all deposits other than certificates of deposit and brokered deposits) increased $9.2 million, or 5.4% to $181.3 million at March 31, 2026 from $172.1 million at December 31, 2025 primarily due to an increase in business money market accounts. As of March 31, 2026, money market deposits increased by $8.7 million and NOW and demand deposits increased by $1.1 million, partially offset by decreases in time deposits of $2.8 million and savings accounts of $576,000 as compared to December 31, 2025. There were $15.7 million and $16.7 million of brokered deposits included in time deposits at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

FHLB Advances. Total FHLB advances were $34.6 million at March 31, 2026 as compared to $35.6 million at December 31, 2025, a decrease of $1.0 million, or 2.8%. FHLB advances were paid down using funds obtained through deposit growth.

Stockholders’ Equity. Stockholders’ equity decreased by $193,000, or 0.6%, to $32.6 million at March 31, 2026 from $32.8 million at December 31, 2025. The decrease in stockholders’ equity was due to a $196,000 increase in net unrealized mark-to-market loss on the available-for-sale securities portfolio recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a result of changes in interest rates during the three months ended March 31, 2026 in addition to a net loss of $50,000 recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2026.

Analysis of Net Interest Income

Net interest income represents the difference between the interest we earn on our interest-earning assets, such as commercial and residential mortgage loans and investment securities, and the expense we pay on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Net interest income depends on both the volume of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the interest rates we earn or pay on them.

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Table of Contents

Average Balances and Yields. The following table sets forth average balance sheets, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments were made, as the effect thereof was not material. All average balances are daily average balances. Non-accrual loans were included in the computation of average balances but have been reflected in the table as loans carrying a zero yield. The yields set forth below include the effect of deferred fees, discounts and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or interest expense.

  ​ ​ ​

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 

 

2026

2025

 

  ​ ​ ​

Average

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

Average

  ​ ​ ​

  ​ ​ ​

 

Outstanding

Yield/

Outstanding

Yield/

 

Balance

Interest

Rate(4)

Balance

Interest

Rate(4)

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Interest-earning assets:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

  ​

Loans

$

232,862

$

3,326

 

5.71

%  

$

204,506

$

2,929

 

5.73

%

Available-for-sale securities

 

48,168

 

405

 

3.36

 

47,483

 

381

 

3.21

FHLB/FRB stock

 

3,522

 

67

 

7.61

 

3,336

 

76

 

9.11

Other interest-earning assets

 

6,285

 

30

 

1.91

 

6,316

 

51

 

3.23

Total interest-earning assets

 

290,837

 

3,828

 

5.26

 

261,641

 

3,437

 

5.25

Non-interest-earning assets

 

24,790

 

 

16,623

 

 

Total assets

$

315,627

 

$

278,264

 

 

Interest-bearing liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

NOW accounts

$

27,965

 

6

 

0.09

$

26,033

 

6

 

0.09

Regular savings and demand club accounts

 

24,996

 

22

 

0.35

 

23,361

 

18

 

0.31

Money market accounts

 

92,766

 

599

 

2.58

 

65,701

 

396

 

2.41

Certificates of deposit and retirement accounts

 

60,400

 

467

 

3.09

 

65,013

 

508

 

3.13

Total interest-bearing deposits

 

206,127

 

1,094

 

2.12

 

180,108

 

928

 

2.06

FHLB borrowings

 

34,761

 

290

 

3.34

 

40,028

 

381

 

3.81

Total interest-bearing liabilities

 

240,888

 

1,384

 

2.30

 

220,136

 

1,309

 

2.38

Non-interest-bearing deposits

 

33,169

 

 

 

31,505

 

 

Other non-interest-bearing liabilities

 

8,323

 

 

3,289

 

 

Total liabilities

 

282,380

 

 

254,930

 

 

Stockholders’ equity

 

33,247

 

 

23,334

 

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$

315,627

 

$

278,264

 

 

Net interest income

$

2,444

 

 

$

2,128

 

Net interest rate spread (1)

 

2.97

%  

 

 

 

2.88

%

Net interest-earning assets (2)

$

49,949

 

$

41,505

 

 

Net interest margin (3)

 

3.36

%  

 

 

 

3.25

%

Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities

 

120.74

%  

 

 

118.85

%  

 

 

(1)Interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities.
(2)Net interest-earning assets represents total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.
(3)Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by total interest-earning assets.
(4)Annualized.

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Rate/Volume Analysis. The following table presents the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income for the periods indicated. The rate column shows the effects attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume). The volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate). The net column represents the sum of the prior columns. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume, which cannot be segregated, have been allocated proportionately, based on the changes due to rate and the changes due to volume. There were no out-of-period items or adjustments required to be excluded from the table below.

  ​ ​ ​

Three Months Ended March 31, 

2026 vs. 2025

Increase (Decrease)

Due

Total

to

Increase

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

Volume

  ​ ​ ​

Rate

  ​ ​ ​

(Decrease)

Interest-earning assets:

 

  ​

 

  ​

 

Loans

$

406

$

(9)

$

397

Available-for-sale securities

 

5

 

19

 

24

FHLB/FRB stock

 

4

 

(13)

 

(9)

Other interest-earning assets

 

 

(21)

 

(21)

Total interest-earning assets

 

415

 

(24)

 

391

Interest-bearing liabilities:

 

 

 

Regular savings and demand club accounts

 

1

 

3

 

4

Money market accounts

 

163

 

40

 

203

Certificates of deposit and retirement accounts

 

(36)

 

(5)

 

(41)

Total deposits

 

128

 

38

 

166

FHLB borrowings

 

(50)

 

(41)

 

(91)

Total interest-bearing liabilities

 

78

 

(3)

 

75

Change in net interest income

$

337

$

(21)

$

316

Comparison of Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

Net Income. A net loss of $50,000 was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2026, a decrease of $198,000 as compared to net income of $148,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The decrease in net income was attributable to a $644,000 increase in non-interest expense and a $10,000 increase in provision for credit losses on loans during the three months ended March 31, 2026, partially offset by a $316,000 increase in net interest income, a $118,000 increase in non-interest income, and a $22,000 decrease in income tax expense.

Interest Income. Interest income increased $391,000, or 11.4%, to $3.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 primarily due to increases in loan interest income and interest and dividend income earned on the available-for-sale securities portfolio.

Interest income on loans increased by $397,000, or 13.6%, to $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The increase was due to a $28.4 million, or 13.9%, increase in the average balance of the loan portfolio to $232.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 from $204.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The increase in the average balance of the loan portfolio was primarily due to an increase in the average balance of commercial real estate loans, partially offset by loan repayments and one- to four-family residential real estate loan sales. The average yield earned on the loan portfolio decreased by two basis points to 5.71% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 from 5.73% for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

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Table of Contents

Interest income earned on the available-for-sale securities portfolio increased by $24,000, or 6.3%, to $405,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $381,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to a $685,000, or 1.4%, increase in the average balance of the available-for-sale securities portfolio to $48.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $47.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The average yield earned on the available-for-sale securities portfolio increased by 15 basis points to 3.36% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 from 3.21% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, due to an increase in interest rates earned on the portfolio, resulting from purchases of higher-yielding securities.

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $75,000, or 5.7%, to $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 from $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 due to an increase in interest expense on deposits.

Interest expense on deposits increased $166,000, or 17.9%, to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 from $928,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025.  The average interest rate paid on deposit accounts increased six basis points to 2.12% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 from 2.06% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to a 17 basis points increase in interest paid on money market accounts. The average balance of deposits increased by $26.0 million, or 14.4%, to $206.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 from $180.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The increase in the average balance of deposits was primarily attributable to a $27.1 million increase in money market accounts, a $1.9 million increase in NOW accounts, and a $1.6 million increase in regular savings and demand club deposits, partially offset by a $4.6 million decrease in certificate of deposit and retirement accounts.

Interest expense paid on FHLB and other borrowings decreased $91,000, or 23.9%, to $290,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 from $381,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The decrease in the interest paid on borrowings was due to a 47 basis points decrease in the average interest rate paid on FHLB borrowings to 3.34% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 from 3.81% for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The average balance of FHLB borrowings decreased $5.3 million, or 13.2%, to $34.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $40.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 due to an increase in funding from deposits.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased by $316,000, or 14.8%, to $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 from $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Net interest rate spread increased nine basis points to 2.97% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to 2.88% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting a one basis point increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets in addition to an eight basis points decrease in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The net interest margin increased by 11 basis points to 3.36% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 from 3.25% for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Provision for Credit Losses. Based on management’s analysis of the allowance for credit losses described under “Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates” and in Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of notes to the consolidated financial statements included within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we recorded a provision for credit losses on loans of $120,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to a $110,000 provision for credit losses on loans for the three month period ended March 31, 2025. The increased provision for the three months ended March 31, 2026 related to commercial loan growth. The allowance for credit losses on loans was $2.0 million at March 31, 2026, or 0.85%, of total loans outstanding, and $1.9 million, or 0.84% of total loans outstanding at December 31, 2025.

Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income increased by $118,000, or 24.3%, to $604,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 from $486,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The increase was attributable to a $73,000 increase in fee income primarily due to our increased focus on core deposit growth and a $38,000 increase in income earned from financial services and retirement planning income generated by our subsidiary, Financial Quest.

Non-Interest Expense. Non-interest expense increased by $644,000, or 27.7%, to $3.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 from $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Compensation and benefits increased by $293,000, or 22.8%, due to an increase in the number of employees as a result of opening a new branch office in Manlius, New York in June 2025 as well as annual salary increases and increases in benefit expenses.  Core processing expense increased $128,000, or 38.2%, as a result of IT managed services. Professional fees increased $117,000, or 205.3%, primarily due to increases in consulting, legal, and audit and accounting services in connection with becoming a public company. Premises and equipment expense increased by $87,000, or 39.0%, primarily due to the opening of the new Manlius branch office.

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Table of Contents

Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense decreased $22,000, or 75.9%, to $7,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to income tax expense of $29,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025.  The decrease in income tax expense resulted from the decrease in income before taxes.

Financial Position and Results of Operations of Our Wealth Management Business Segment

We conduct our business through two business segments: (1) our banking business segment, which primarily involves the delivery of loan and deposit products to our customers through Seneca Savings Bank, National Association (the “Bank”) and generates net interest income and service fees, and (2) our wealth management business segment, which includes investment management services for individuals and institutions offered through Financial Quest and provides commission income from 401(k) plan management and brokered accounts.

The following tables present the statements of income and total assets for our reportable business segments at or for the periods indicated:

At or for the Three Months Ended March 31,

2026

2025

Wealth

Total

Wealth

Total

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

Banking

  ​ ​ ​

Management

  ​ ​ ​

Segments(2)

  ​ ​ ​

Banking

  ​ ​ ​

Management

  ​ ​ ​

Segments(2)

Net interest income

$

2,444

$

$

2,444

$

2,128

$

$

2,128

Non-interest income

 

334

 

270

 

604

 

254

 

232

 

486

Provision for credit losses on loans

 

120

 

 

120

 

110

 

 

110

Non-interest expense

 

2,753

 

218

 

2,971

 

2,152

 

175

 

2,327

Provision for income taxes

 

7

 

 

7

 

29

 

 

29

Net (loss) income

$

(102)

$

52

$

(50)

$

91

$

57

$

148

Assets under management (AUM) (market value) (1)

$

$

254,870

$

254,870

$

$

223,130

$

223,130

Total assets

$

315,155

$

1,296

$

315,862

$

279,375

$

1,187

$

280,247

(1)Assets under management represents customer assets managed by Financial Quest, and not assets of Financial Quest or the Bank.
(2)Reflects intercompany eliminations. See Footnote 15, Segment Information, for more information.

Comparison at or for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.  The market value of assets under management was $254.9 million at March 31, 2026 as compared to $223.1 million at March 31, 2025. This increase was due to continued organic acquisition of new assets under management combined with an increase in the market value of assets under management.

Income related to our wealth management business segment, which we record as non-interest income, increased $38,000, or 16.4%, to $270,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $232,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The increase was mainly due to the impact of changes in equity markets and the interest rate environment during the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to the same prior year period.

Expenses related to our wealth management business segment, which we record as non-interest expense, increased $43,000, or 24.6%, to $218,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to $175,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The increase was due to the continued growth in our operations and an increase in compensation expense.

Delinquencies and Asset Quality

Loans Past Due and Non-Performing Assets. Loans are reviewed on a regular basis. Non-accrual loans are loans for which collectability is questionable and, therefore, interest on such loans will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis. All loans that become 90 days or more delinquent are placed on non-accrual status unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. When loans are placed on non-accrual status, unpaid accrued interest is fully reversed, and further income is recognized only to the extent received on a cash basis or cost recovery method.

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Table of Contents

When we acquire real estate as a result of foreclosure, the real estate is classified as real estate owned. The real estate owned is recorded at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. Any excess of the recorded value of the loan satisfied over the market value of the property is charged against the allowance for credit losses, or, if the existing allowance is inadequate, charged to expense of the current period. After acquisition, all costs incurred in maintaining the property are expensed. Costs relating to the development and improvement of the property, however, are capitalized to the extent of estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell.

Loans modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties occur when we grant borrowers favorable loan modifications that we would not consider but for economic or legal reasons pertaining to the borrower’s financial difficulties. These concessions typically include a modification of loan terms such as a reduction of the interest rate to below market terms, capitalizing past due interest or extending the maturity date, or possibly a partial forgiveness of the principal amount due. We identify loans for potential modifications related to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty primarily through direct communication with the borrower and evaluation of the borrower’s financial statements, revenue projections, tax returns and credit reports. Even if the borrower is not presently in default, management will consider the likelihood that cash flow shortages, adverse economic conditions, and negative trends may result in a payment default in the near future. Interest income on restructured loans is accrued after the borrower demonstrates the ability to pay under the restructured terms through a sustained period of repayment performance, which is generally six consecutive months. We did not modify any loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2026. We closely monitor the performance of loans that are modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of our modification efforts. Loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty did not have payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and all such loans were current as of March 31, 2026.

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Table of Contents

Non-Performing Assets. The table below sets forth the amounts and categories of our non-performing assets at the dates indicated.

  ​ ​ ​

At March 31, 

  ​ ​ ​

At December 31, 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

2026

2025

 

 

Non-accrual loans:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Residential:

 

  ​

 

  ​

One- to four-family

$

942

 

$

1,455

Construction

 

 

Home equity loans and lines of credit

 

 

Commercial real estate

 

1,579

 

1,578

Commercial and industrial

 

 

41

Consumer and other

 

 

Total non-accrual loans

 

2,521

 

3,074

Accruing loans 90 days or more past due:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Residential:

 

  ​

 

  ​

One- to four-family

 

 

Construction

 

 

Home equity loans and lines of credit

 

32

 

32

Commercial real estate

 

 

Commercial and industrial

 

 

Consumer and other

 

 

Total accruing loans 90 days or more past due

 

32

 

32

Total non-performing loans

 

2,553

 

3,106

Real estate owned

 

 

Other non-performing assets

 

148

 

148

Total non-performing assets

$

2,701

 

$

3,254

Ratios:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Total non-performing loans to total loans

 

1.09

%  

1.37

%

Total non-performing loans to total assets

 

0.81

%  

1.00

%

Total non-performing assets to total assets

 

0.86

%  

1.04

%

Non-accrual loans decreased by $553,000, or 18.0%, to $2.5 million at March 31, 2026 as compared to $3.1 million at December 31, 2025, primarily due to a decrease in one- to four family residential loans as two loans transitioned to accrual status during the three months ended March 31, 2026.

Classified Assets. Federal regulations provide for the classification of loans and other assets, such as debt and equity securities considered by the OCC to be of lesser quality, as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss.” An asset is considered “substandard” if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. “Substandard” assets include those characterized by the “distinct possibility” that the insured institution will sustain “some loss” if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified “substandard,” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make “collection or liquidation in full,” on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, “highly questionable and improbable.” Assets classified as “loss” are those considered “uncollectible” and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a specific loss allowance is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the insured institution to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses are designated as “special mention” by our management.

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Table of Contents

When an insured institution classifies problem assets as either substandard or doubtful, it may establish general allowances in an amount deemed prudent by management to cover probable accrued losses. General allowances represent loss allowances which have been established to cover probable accrued losses associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular problem assets. When an insured institution classifies problem assets as “loss,” it is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to 100% of that portion of the asset so classified or to charge-off such amount. An institution’s determination as to the classification of its assets and the amount of its valuation allowances is subject to review by the regulatory authorities, which may require the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances.

In connection with the filing of our periodic reports with the OCC and in accordance with our classification of assets policy, we regularly review the problem loans in our portfolio to determine whether any loans require classification in accordance with applicable regulations.

The following table sets forth our amounts of classified loans and loans designated as special mention as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 in our commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loan portfolios. All other loans are assigned a “pass” rating until the loan becomes 90 days past due at which time it is either downgraded to “non-performing” status or charged off. Generally loans 90 days or more past due are placed on non-accrual status.  

  ​ ​ ​

At March 31, 

  ​ ​ ​

At December 31, 

(In thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

Substandard

$

3,410

$

3,253

Doubtful

 

 

Loss

 

 

Total Classified Assets

$

3,410

$

3,253

Special Mention

$

576

$

1,082

At March 31, 2026, a loan relationship consisting of one commercial real estate loan totaling $576,000 and seven commercial and industrial loans totaling $506,000 were upgraded from special mention to pass, offset by two newly classified special mention loans that were downgraded from pass during the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to December 31, 2025.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The allowance for credit losses on loans represents management’s current estimate of expected credit losses over the contractual term of loans, and is recorded at an amount that, in management’s judgment, reduces the recorded investment in loans to the net amount expected to be collected. Management considers the allowance for credit losses to be a critical accounting estimate, given the uncertainty in estimating lifetime credit losses attributable to our portfolios of assets exhibiting credit risk, particularly in our loan portfolio, and the material effect that such judgments can have on our results of operations. Determining the amount requires significant judgment on the part of management, is multi-faceted, and can be imprecise. The level of the allowance for credit losses on loans is based on management’s ongoing review of all relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and expectations of the future based on reasonable and supportable forecasts.

The allowance is established through a provision for credit losses in our consolidated statements of income, and evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is performed by management on a quarterly basis. While management uses available information to anticipate credit losses, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions or the composition of our portfolios. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review our allowance for credit losses.

Our methodology for maintaining our allowance for credit losses is based on historical experience and data, current economic information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Accordingly, the estimation of the allowance for credit losses is impacted by the economic forecasts utilized, which require the use of significant judgment. Deterioration in forecasted economic conditions may lead to further required increases to the allowance for credit losses. Conversely, improvements in forecasted economic conditions may warrant further reductions to the allowance for credit losses. In estimating the allowance for credit losses, management considers the sensitivity of the model and significant judgments and assumptions that could result in an amount that is materially different from management’s estimate.

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Table of Contents

Loans that have similar risk characteristics are evaluated on a collective basis for the purposes of establishing the allowance for credit losses. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are also not included in the collective evaluation. A collateral-dependent asset is a financial asset for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral when the borrower, based on management’s assessment, is experiencing financial difficulty. The allowance for credit loss for a collateral dependent financial asset is measured using the fair value of collateral. When management determines that foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate.

An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management's estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio.

For additional information on the allowance for credit losses, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates—Allowance for Credit Losses.”

The following table sets forth activity in our allowance for credit losses on loans for the periods indicated.

  ​ ​ ​

At or For the Three Months Ended March 31,

 

(Dollars in thousands)

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

 

 

Balance at beginning of period

$

1,915

$

1,804

Charge-offs:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Residential:

 

  ​

 

  ​

One- to four-family

 

 

(10)

Home equity loans and lines of credit

 

 

Construction

 

 

Commercial real estate

 

 

Commercial and industrial

 

 

(51)

Consumer and other

 

(38)

 

(14)

Total charge-offs

 

(38)

 

(75)

Recoveries:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Residential:

 

  ​

 

  ​

One- to four-family

 

 

Home equity loans and lines of credit

 

 

Construction

 

 

Commercial real estate

 

 

Commercial and industrial

 

 

2

Consumer and other

 

4

 

1

Total recoveries

 

4

 

3

Net charge-offs

 

(34)

 

(72)

Provision for credit losses on loans

 

120

110

Balance of allowance at end of period

$

2,001

$

1,842

Net (charge-offs) recoveries to average loans outstanding during period (annualized)

 

(0.06)

%  

 

(0.14)

%

Allowance for credit losses on loans to non-accrual loans at end of period

 

79.37

%  

 

178.66

%

Non-accrual loans to total loans outstanding at end of period

 

1.08

%  

 

0.50

%

Allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans outstanding at end of period

 

0.85

%  

 

0.90

%

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Table of Contents

The following table sets forth additional information with respect to charge-offs by category for the periods indicated.

For the Three Months Ended March 31,

 

  ​ ​ ​

2026

  ​ ​ ​

2025

 

 

Net (charge-offs) recoveries to average loans outstanding during the period by loan type (annualized):

  ​ ​ ​

  ​

  ​ ​ ​

  ​

Residential:

 

  ​

 

  ​

One- to four-family

 

0.00

%  

(0.02)

%

Home equity loans and lines of credit

 

0.00

%  

0.00

%

Construction

 

0.00

%  

0.00

%

Commercial real estate

 

0.00

%  

0.00

%

Commercial and industrial

 

0.00

%  

(0.10)

%

Consumer and other

 

(0.06)

%  

(0.03)

%

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity describes our ability to meet the financial obligations that arise in the ordinary course of business. Liquidity is primarily needed to meet the borrowing and deposit withdrawal requirements of our customers and to fund current and planned expenditures. Our primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities, proceeds from the sale of loans, and proceeds from calls, maturities and sales of securities. We also are able to borrow from the FHLB of New York. At March 31, 2026, we had an $85.6 million line of credit with the FHLB of New York, a $5.0 million line of credit with Pacific Coast Bankers Bank (“PCBB”), and a $4.0 million line of credit with Zions Bank. At March 31, 2026, we had outstanding borrowings of $34.6 million from the FHLB of New York. We did not borrow against the line of credit with Zions Bank or PCBB during the three months ended March 31, 2026. We also have the ability to borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York through the discount window lending program.

The Board of Directors is responsible for establishing and monitoring our liquidity targets and strategies in order to ensure that sufficient liquidity exists to meet the borrowing needs and deposit withdrawals of our customers as well as unanticipated contingencies. We believe that we had sufficient sources of liquidity to satisfy our short and long-term liquidity needs as of March 31, 2026.

While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. Our most liquid assets are cash and cash equivalents, which includes cash and due from banks. The levels of these assets are dependent on our operating, financing, lending and investing activities during any given period. At March 31, 2026, cash and cash equivalents totaled $7.2 million. Securities classified as available-for-sale, which provide additional sources of liquidity, had a total market value of $43.0 million at March 31, 2026.

We have loan commitments to borrowers and borrowers have unused overdraft lines of protection, unused home equity lines of credit and unused commercial lines of credit that may require funding at a future date. We believe we have sufficient funds to fulfill these commitments, including sources of funds available through the use of FHLB of New York advances and other liquidity sources. We are committed to maintaining a strong liquidity position. We monitor our liquidity position on a daily basis. Certificates of deposit due within twelve months of March 31, 2026 totaled $39.7 million, or 16.5% of total deposits. If these deposits do not remain with us, we will be required to seek other sources of funds, including other deposits and FHLB of New York advances. Depending on market conditions, we may be required to pay higher rates on such deposits or borrowings than we currently pay. We believe, however, based on past experience that a significant portion of such deposits will remain with us. We have the ability to attract and retain deposits by adjusting the interest rates offered.

We have obtained an irrevocable letter of credit with the FHLB of New York to collateralize New York state deposits for the New York Banking Development District program. The Banking Development District program through incentives encourages banks to open branches in communities that are underserved in banking services. New York State has deposited a below-market rate certificate of deposit in our Bridgeport office, located in Madison County. The Bank in turn makes loans to small businesses located in the market area with the proceeds.

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Table of Contents

We anticipate a material capital expenditure in 2026 related to the construction of our Camillus branch which we expect to open in early 2027.  We do not have any balloon or other payments due on any long-term obligations, other than the borrowing agreements noted above.

At March 31, 2026, we exceeded all of our regulatory capital requirements, and we were categorized as “well capitalized” at March 31, 2026, including applicable grace periods. Management is not aware of any conditions or events since March 31, 2026 that would change our categorization. See Note 12. Regulatory Capital Requirements of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for more information.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations

Our off-balance sheet items include loan commitments as described in Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies of the notes to our consolidated financial statements. At March 31, 2026, we had loan commitments to borrowers of approximately $668,000 and overdraft lines of credit, unused home equity lines of credit, unused commercial lines of credit, and commercial and standby letters of credit of approximately $26.3 million. We do not have any other off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources that are material to investors. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments was immaterial at March 31, 2026.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Price

The unaudited consolidated financial statements and related data presented elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been prepared in accordance with GAAP which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The primary impact of inflation on our operations is reflected in increased operating costs. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all of the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates, generally, have a more significant impact on a financial institution’s performance than does inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the prices of goods and services.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable, as the Company is a smaller reporting company.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures.  An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of March 31, 2026.  Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting.  During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, there were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II — Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

At March 31, 2026, the Bank was subject to various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the resolution of these legal actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s or the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Not applicable, as the Company is a smaller reporting company.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of the Company’s securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of SEC Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement“ (as such term is defined in Item 408 of SEC Regulation S-K).

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Item 6. Exhibits

3.1

  ​ ​ ​

Articles of Incorporation of Seneca Bancorp, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (Commission File No. 333-288044), initially filed on June 13, 2025)

3.2

Bylaws of Seneca Bancorp, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (Commission File No. 333-288044), initially filed on June 13, 2025)

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101

The following materials for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Net Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Capital, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SENECA BANCORP, INC.

Date: May 14, 2026

/s/ Joseph G. Vitale

Joseph G. Vitale

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Duly Authorized Representative and Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 14, 2026

/s/ Vincent J. Fazio

Vincent J. Fazio

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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FAQ

How did Seneca Bancorp (SNNF) perform in the quarter ended March 31, 2026?

Seneca Bancorp posted a small net loss of $50,000 for the quarter. This compares with net income of $148,000 a year earlier, as higher noninterest expenses outweighed stronger net interest income and higher noninterest income.

What were Seneca Bancorp’s key revenue and expense figures for Q1 2026?

Net interest income was $2.44 million, up from $2.13 million in 2025. Noninterest income reached $604,000, while noninterest expense increased to $2.97 million, mainly from higher compensation, core processing, and premises and equipment costs.

How strong is Seneca Bancorp’s balance sheet as of March 31, 2026?

Total assets were $315.9 million and deposits were $240.9 million at March 31, 2026. Net loans were $233.3 million, and Federal Home Loan Bank advances totaled $34.6 million, supporting overall balance sheet growth versus year-end 2025.

What is Seneca Bancorp’s capital position and Community Bank Leverage Ratio?

Tier 1 capital was $30.6 million, giving a Community Bank Leverage Ratio of 9.78%. This exceeds the 8.00% minimum well-capitalized requirement, indicating the bank is operating with a comfortable capital buffer under current regulatory standards.

What were Seneca Bancorp’s earnings per share for Q1 2026?

Basic and diluted earnings per share were a loss of $0.03 for the quarter. This compares to earnings of $0.09 per share in the same period of 2025, reflecting the shift from modest profitability to a small quarterly loss.