[10-Q] Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc Quarterly Earnings Report

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

Virgin Galactic (SPCE) reported Q3 2025 results with a narrower loss and continued development spending. Revenue was $365 thousand, and net loss was $64.4 million, or $1.09 per share. Operating loss was $66.2 million as expenses trended lower year over year.

Liquidity comprised cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $158.8 million and marketable securities of $264.8 million as of September 30, 2025. The company continued using its 2024 at‑the‑market program, selling 30.0 million shares for $109.2 million in gross proceeds during the nine-month period; cumulatively, 34.1 million shares have raised $138.3 million in gross proceeds since inception. Convertible senior notes due 2027 remain at $425.0 million principal.

Management plans to open tranches of sales reservations in the first quarter of 2026 and holds approximately 675 reservations, representing about $189 million in expected future spaceflight revenue upon completion. The flight test program for Delta Class spaceships is expected to commence in the third quarter of 2026, with the first commercial research spaceflight in the fourth quarter of 2026 and private astronaut flights six to eight weeks later.

The company executed an MOU to settle the Lavin class action for $8.5 million, with about $6.1 million expected from insurers; a $2.4 million net settlement expense was recorded year‑to‑date.

Insights

Equity capital markets and liquidity analyst

Loss narrowed; liquidity supported by ATM sales amid heavy spend.

Virgin Galactic reduced operating expenses year over year, cutting research and development and SG&A, which helped narrow the quarterly net loss to $64.4M. Revenue remains modest at $365k, reflecting paused sales and limited operations.

Cash resources included $158.8M in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and $264.8M in marketable securities as of September 30, 2025. Financing activity relied on the 2024 ATM, with $109.2M gross raised on 30.0 million shares in the nine-month period, and $138.3M gross since inception. Capital expenditures reached $155.9M for the nine months, supporting the Delta Class build.

The company targets a flight test start in Q3 2026 and initial commercial research flight in Q4 2026, with approximately 675 reservations representing about $189M in expected revenue upon completion of spaceflights. A settlement MOU totaling $8.5M includes an insurer-covered portion of about $6.1M; cash-flow treatment follows court approval and timing disclosed.

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File No. 001-38202

Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware						85-3608069
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1700 Flight Way Tustin California						92782
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)						(Zip Code)

(949) 774-7640

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share

SPCE

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer			☐			Accelerated filer			☐
Non-accelerated filer			☒			Smaller reporting company			☒
						Emerging growth company			☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 6, 2025, there were 63,200,245 shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents

VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

						Page
			PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
			Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements			2
Item 1.			Financial Statements (Unaudited)			4
			Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets			4
			Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss			5
			Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity			6
			Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			8
			Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements			9
Item 2.			Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			21
Item 3.			Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk			27
Item 4.			Controls and Procedures			27
			PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.			Legal Proceedings			28
Item 1A.			Risk Factors			28
Item 2.			Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			28
Item 3.			Defaults Upon Senior Securities			28
Item 4.			Mine Safety Disclosures			28
Item 5.			Other Information			28
Item 6.			Exhibits			29
Signatures						30

1

Table of Contents

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements (including within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) concerning us and other matters. These statements may discuss goals, intentions and expectations as to future plans, trends, events, results of operations or financial condition, or otherwise, based on current beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to management.

Forward-looking statements may be accompanied by words such as “achieve,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “grow,” “increase,” “intend,” “may,” “opportunity,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “strategy,” “target,” “will,” “would,” or similar words, phrases, or expressions. These forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside our control. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:

•any delay in future commercial flights of our spaceflight fleet;

•our ability to successfully develop and test our next-generation vehicles, and the time and costs associated with doing so;

•the safety of our spaceflight systems;

•the development of the markets for commercial spaceflight and commercial research and development payloads;

•our ability to effectively market and sell spaceflights;

•our ability to convert our backlog or inbound inquiries into revenue;

•our anticipated full passenger capacity;

•our ability to achieve or maintain profitability;

•delay in development or the manufacture of spaceflight systems;

•our ability to supply our technology to additional market opportunities;

•our expected capital requirements and the availability of additional financing;

•our ability to attract or retain highly qualified personnel;

•the effect of terrorist activity, armed conflict (including any escalation of hostilities arising out of the ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, Israel and Hamas, Israel and Iran, or other geopolitical conflicts), natural disasters or pandemic diseases on the economy generally, on our future financial or operational results, or our access to additional financing;

•consumer preferences and discretionary purchasing activity, which can be significantly adversely affected by unfavorable economic or market conditions;

•extensive and evolving government regulation that impact the way we operate, including the potential negative effects of changes in United States tariff and import/export regulations;

•risks associated with international expansion;

•our expectations regarding the resolution of certain legal proceedings, including anticipated settlement amounts and timing, which may be subject to change based on various factors, including court approvals and negotiations with involved parties;

2

Table of Contents

•our ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure and procedures; and

•our ability to continue to use, maintain, enforce, protect and defend our owned and licensed intellectual property, including the Virgin brand.

Additional factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those set forth in Part I, Item 1.“Business,” Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” and Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the “Annual Report on Form 10-K”), in Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 and in Part I, Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, our information may be incomplete or limited, and we cannot guarantee future results. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future.

Each of the terms the “Company,” “Virgin Galactic,” “we,” “our,” “us” and similar terms used herein refer collectively to Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise stated.

3

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited; in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

									September 30, 2025												December 31, 2024
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents									$	128,789											$	178,605
Restricted cash									30,005												32,280
Marketable securities, short-term									264,777												384,621
Other current assets									35,412												32,430
Total current assets									458,983												627,936
Marketable securities, long-term									—												61,280
Property, plant and equipment, net									350,151												209,114
Other non-current assets									44,409												62,895
Total assets									$	853,543											$	961,225
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable									$	9,440											$	3,696
Customer deposits									80,198												84,493
Other current liabilities									70,374												61,821
Total current liabilities									160,012												150,010
Non-current liabilities:
Convertible senior notes, net									421,841												420,120
Other long-term liabilities									45,793												68,815
Total liabilities									627,646												638,945
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding									—												—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 700,000,000 shares authorized; 63,171,432 and 32,995,822 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively									6												3
Additional paid-in capital									2,914,728												2,794,871
Accumulated deficit									(2,689,056)												(2,472,872)
Accumulated other comprehensive income									219												278
Total stockholders’ equity									225,897												322,280
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity									$	853,543											$	961,225

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited; in thousands, except per share amounts)

						Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
						2025						2024						2025						2024
Revenue						$	365					$	402					$	1,232					$	6,607
Operating expenses:
Spaceline operations						19,497						19,874						54,529						69,753
Research and development						14,952						23,937						68,383						124,441
Selling, general and administrative						27,965						33,978						90,365						95,793
Depreciation and amortization						4,117						4,341						12,511						11,296
Total operating expenses						66,531						82,130						225,788						301,283
Operating loss						(66,166)						(81,728)						(224,556)						(294,676)
Interest income						4,966						10,363						18,013						33,779
Interest expense						(3,250)						(3,233)						(9,737)						(9,690)
Other income, net						33						163						107						479
Loss before income taxes						(64,417)						(74,435)						(216,173)						(270,108)
Income tax expense						—						105						11						219
Net loss						(64,417)						(74,540)						(216,184)						(270,327)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment						(6)						31						12						25
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities						239						1,794						(71)						846
Total comprehensive loss						$	(64,184)					$	(72,715)					$	(216,243)					$	(269,456)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted						$	(1.09)					$	(2.66)					$	(4.61)					$	(11.66)
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted						59,252						27,973						46,865						23,176

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity    

(Unaudited; in thousands, except share amounts)

						Common Stock												Additional Paid-in Capital						Accumulated Deficit						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Total
						Shares						Amount
Balance at December 31, 2023						19,995,449						$	2					$	2,631,235					$	(2,126,132)					$	371					$	505,476
Net loss						—						—						—						(102,012)						—						(102,012)
Other comprehensive loss						—						—						—						—						(872)						(872)
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards						—						—						8,045						—						—						8,045
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes						13,735						—						(269)						—						—						(269)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering						254,445						—						7,272						—						—						7,272
Transaction costs						—						—						(58)						—						—						(58)
Balance at March 31, 2024						20,263,629						2						2,646,225						(2,228,144)						(501)						417,582
Net loss						—						—						—						(93,775)						—						(93,775)
Other comprehensive loss						—						—						—						—						(82)						(82)
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards						—						—						8,092						—						—						8,092
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes						45,649						—						(601)						—						—						(601)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering						3,675,079						—						64,308						—						—						64,308
Transaction costs						—						—						(695)						—						—						(695)
Fractional share adjustment due to reverse stock split						(137)						—						(2)						—						—						(2)
Balance at June 30, 2024						23,984,220						2						2,717,327						(2,321,919)						(583)						394,827
Net loss						—						—						—						(74,540)						—						(74,540)
Other comprehensive income						—						—						—						—						1,825						1,825
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards						—						—						7,445						—						—						7,445
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes						24,377						—						(283)						—						—						(283)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering						4,856,040						1						37,117						—						—						37,118
Transaction costs						—						—						(400)						—						—						(400)
Balance at September 30, 2024						28,864,637						$	3					$	2,761,206					$	(2,396,459)					$	1,242					$	365,992

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity    

(Unaudited; in thousands, except share amounts)

						Common Stock												Additional Paid-in Capital						Accumulated Deficit						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Total
						Shares						Amount
Balance at December 31, 2024						32,995,822						$	3					$	2,794,871					$	(2,472,872)					$	278					$	322,280
Net loss						—						—						—						(84,487)						—						(84,487)
Other comprehensive loss						—						—						—						—						(180)						(180)
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards						—						—						4,833						—						—						4,833
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes						49,040						—						(50)						—						—						(50)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering						6,946,164						1						30,729						—						—						30,730
Transaction costs						—						—						(955)						—						—						(955)
Balance at March 31, 2025						39,991,026						4						2,829,428						(2,557,359)						98						272,171
Net loss						—						—						—						(67,280)						—						(67,280)
Other comprehensive loss						—						—						—						—						(112)						(112)
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards						—						—						4,741						—						—						4,741
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes						69,473						—						(55)						—						—						(55)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering						15,726,154						2						55,598						—						—						55,600
Transaction costs						—						—						(1,692)						—						—						(1,692)
Balance at June 30, 2025						55,786,653						6						2,888,020						(2,624,639)						(14)						263,373
Net loss						—						—						—						(64,417)						—						(64,417)
Other comprehensive income						—						—						—						—						233						233
Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards						—						—						4,541						—						—						4,541
Issuance of common stock pursuant to stock-based awards, net of withholding taxes						26,220						—						(13)						—						—						(13)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to at-the-market offering						7,358,559												22,833						—						—						22,833
Transaction costs						—						—						(653)						—						—						(653)
Balance at September 30, 2025						63,171,432						$	6					$	2,914,728					$	(2,689,056)					$	219					$	225,897

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited; in thousands)

									Nine Months Ended September 30,
															2025						2024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss															$	(216,184)					$	(270,327)
Stock-based compensation															14,320						24,040
Depreciation and amortization															12,511						11,296
Amortization of debt issuance costs															1,721						1,669
Accretion of marketable securities purchased at a discount															(5,380)						(13,962)
Other non-cash items															(18)						630
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Other current and non-current assets															(4,393)						13,624
Accounts payable															5,014						(25,364)
Customer deposits															(4,295)						(11,701)
Other current and non-current liabilities															9,037						(1,573)
Net cash used in operating activities															(187,667)						(271,668)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures															(155,892)						(86,146)
Purchases of marketable securities															(306,754)						(527,361)
Proceeds from maturities and calls of marketable securities															492,505						729,353
Other investing activities															8						598
Net cash provided by investing activities															29,867						116,444
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments of finance lease obligations															(154)						(149)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock															109,160						108,698
Withholding taxes paid on behalf of employees on net settled stock-based awards															(118)						(1,153)
Transaction costs related to issuance of common stock															(3,179)						(1,046)
Other financing activities															—						(2)
Net cash provided by financing activities															105,709						106,348
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash															(52,091)						(48,876)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period															210,885						253,592
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period															$	158,794					$	204,716
Cash and cash equivalents															$	128,789					$	172,359
Restricted cash															30,005						32,357
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash															$	158,794					$	204,716

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(1)    Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries (“Virgin Galactic” or the “Company”), is an aerospace and space travel company focused on the development, manufacture and operation of spaceships and related technologies. The Company provides access to space for private individuals, researchers and government agencies. The Company’s missions include flying passengers to space, as well as flying scientific payloads and researchers to space in order to conduct experiments for scientific and educational purposes.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for interim financial reporting. Certain information and footnote disclosures, normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. However, in management’s opinion, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, including those of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.

The operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. There have been no changes to the significant accounting policies presented in the audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K that would have a material impact on the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

(2)    Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

The Company maintains certain cash balances restricted as to withdrawal or use. Restricted cash consists of cash deposits received from future astronauts that are contractually restricted for operational use until the condition of carriage is signed or the deposits are refunded.

The amortized cost, unrealized gain and estimated fair value of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are as follows:

						September 30, 2025
						Amortized Cost						Gross Unrealized Gain						Fair Value
						(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and restricted cash						$	6,824					$	—					$	6,824
Money market						151,970						—						151,970
Marketable securities:
U.S. treasuries						79,471						34						79,505
Corporate bonds						185,168						104						185,272
						$	423,433					$	138					$	423,571

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

						December 31, 2024
						Amortized Cost						Gross Unrealized Gain						Fair Value
						(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and restricted cash						$	8,232					$	—					$	8,232
Money market						202,653						—						202,653
Marketable securities:
U.S. treasuries						34,694						37						34,731
Corporate bonds						410,998						172						411,170
						$	656,577					$	209					$	656,786

Interest receivable of $2.0 million and $4.2 million is included in other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The Company recognizes amortization and accretion of purchase premiums and discounts on its marketable securities in interest income in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company recognized $1.4 million and $4.0 million in accretion income, net for its marketable securities for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company recognized $5.4 million and $14.0 million in accretion income, net for its marketable securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(3)    Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:

						September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
			(In thousands)
Land						$	1,302					$	1,302
Buildings						10,111						10,111
Flight vehicles and rotables						4,331						4,331
Machinery and equipment						44,890						42,792
Information technology software and equipment						52,218						45,553
Leasehold improvements						77,757						77,589
Construction in progress						262,208						117,810
						452,817						299,488
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization						102,666						90,374
						$	350,151					$	209,114

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(4)    Leases

The components of expense related to leases are as follows:

						Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
						2025						2024						2025						2024
						(In thousands)
Operating lease cost						$	3,437					$	3,268					$	10,240					$	10,144
Variable lease cost						576						899						1,927						3,169
Short-term lease cost						—						6						—						18
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of assets under finance leases						57						50						165						172
Interest on finance lease liabilities						16						16						47						52
Total finance lease cost						73						66						212						224
Total lease cost						$	4,086					$	4,239					$	12,379					$	13,555

The components of supplemental cash flow information related to leases are as follows:

						Nine Months Ended September 30,
						2025						2024
						(In thousands, except term and rate data)
Cash Flow Information:
Operating cash flows for operating leases						$	10,160					$	9,868
Operating cash flows for finance leases						$	47					$	52
Financing cash flows for finance leases						$	154					$	149
Non-cash Activity:
Assets acquired in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases						$	3,243					$	4,062
Finance leases						$	101					$	29
Adjustment to operating lease right-of-use assets from lease modification						$	(18,900)					$	—
Other Information:
Weighted-average remaining lease term:
Operating leases (in years)						7.1						9.0
Finance leases (in years)						2.2						2.7
Weighted-average discount rates:
Operating leases						12.5		%				12.1		%
Finance leases						13.8		%				13.2		%

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

						September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
						(In thousands)
Operating Leases:
Long-term right-of-use assets						$	38,252					$	58,039
Short-term operating lease liabilities						$	8,233					$	5,604
Long-term operating lease liabilities						44,460						67,394
Total operating lease liabilities						$	52,693					$	72,998

Right-of-use assets are included in other non-current assets, and lease liabilities are included in other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(5)    Other Current Liabilities

The components of other current liabilities are as follows:

						September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
						(In thousands)
Accrued compensation						$	29,350					$	30,705
Accrued manufacturing sub-contractor and contract labor costs						9,842						18,827
Accrued legal settlements						9,249						—
Other						21,933						12,289
						$	70,374					$	61,821

(6)    Convertible Senior Notes

In January 2022, the Company completed an offering of $425 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes (the “2027 Notes”). The 2027 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and bear interest at a fixed rate of 2.50% per year. Interest is payable in cash semi-annually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The 2027 Notes mature on February 1, 2027 unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted.

The net carrying value of the 2027 Notes is as follows:

						September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
						(In thousands)
Principal						$	425,000					$	425,000
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs						3,159						4,880
Net carrying amount						$	421,841					$	420,120

During each of the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized $3.2 million of interest expense on the 2027 Notes. Interest expense included $0.6 million of amortized debt issuance costs during each of the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized $9.7 million and $9.6 million of interest expense, respectively, on the 2027 Notes. Interest expense included $1.7 million of amortized debt issuance costs during each of the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(7)    Stockholders’ Equity

In June 2023, the Company entered into a distribution agency agreement with Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (each, an “Agent” and collectively, the “Agents”) providing for the offer and sale of up to $400 million of shares of the Company’s common stock from time to time through the Agents, acting as sales agents, or directly to one or more of the Agents, acting as principal(s), through an “at-the-market offering” program (the “2023 ATM Program”).

In November 2024, the Company terminated the 2023 ATM Program, having sold a total of 12.8 million shares of common stock and generating $396.2 million in gross proceeds, before deducting $3.9 million in underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses.

In November 2024, the Company entered into an open market sale agreement with Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”) providing for the offer and sale of up to $300 million of shares of the Company’s common stock from time to time through Jefferies, acting as sales agent, or directly to Jefferies, acting as principal, through an “at-the-market offering” program (the “2024 ATM Program”).

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company sold 30.0 million shares of common stock under the 2024 ATM Program and generated $109.2 million in gross proceeds, before deducting $3.2 million in underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had sold a total of 34.1 million shares of common stock under the 2024 ATM Program, generating $138.3 million in gross proceeds since its inception, before deducting $4.1 million in underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses.

(8)    Stock-Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plans

The Company maintains two equity incentive plans -- the Third Amended and Restated Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. 2019 Incentive Award Plan (the “Third A&R Plan”) and the Amended and Restated Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. 2023 Employment Inducement Incentive Award Plan (the “A&R Inducement Plan”).

The Third A&R Plan was adopted by the Company’s board of directors in April 2025, subject to the approval of the Company’s stockholders, and became effective upon the approval of the Company’s stockholders in June 2025. The Third A&R Plan amended and restated the Second Amended and Restated Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. 2019 Incentive Plan (the “Second A&R Plan”) and made the following material changes to the Second A&R Plan: (i) increased the number of shares available by 5.5 million shares to an aggregate of 7,670,437 shares reserved for issuance under the Third A&R Plan, (ii) increased the number of shares which may be granted as incentive stock options (“ISOs”) under the Third A&R Plan, such that an aggregate of 7,670,437 shares may be granted as ISOs under the Third A&R Plan, and (iii) extended the right to grant awards under the Third A&R Plan through June 5, 2035, provided that ISOs may not be granted under the Third A&R Plan after April 10, 2035.

The A&R Inducement Plan was adopted by the Company’s board of directors and became effective in June 2025. The A&R Inducement Plan increased the number of shares available by 1.0 million shares to an aggregate of 1,140,000 shares reserved for issuance under the A&R Inducement Plan.

Pursuant to the Third A&R Plan and related predecessor plans, the Company has granted equity incentive awards, including time-based stock options, performance-based stock options (“PSOs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and performance stock units (“PSUs”). Pursuant to the A&R Inducement Plan, and its predecessor plan, the Company has granted RSUs.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. 2025 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) was adopted by the Company’s board of directors in April 2025, subject to the approval of the Company’s stockholders, and became effective upon the approval of the Company’s stockholders in June 2025. The aggregate number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the ESPP is 2.5 million. The ESPP is intended to qualify as an “employee stock purchase plan” within the meaning of Section 423(b) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the ESPP, eligible employees of the Company and its designated subsidiaries who elect to participate are granted an option to purchase common stock at 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the common stock on either the first day of the six-month offering period or on the applicable purchase date, unless otherwise determined by the plan administrator. The ESPP permits participating employees to make contributions to purchase shares of common stock, in an amount between 1% and 15% of eligible compensation (unless otherwise determined by the plan administrator), subject to limits specified in the plan document and the Internal Revenue Code.

The initial six-month offering period of the ESPP commenced on July 1, 2025.

Stock-Based Compensation

A summary of stock-based compensation expense resulting from stock options, RSUs, PSUs, and the ESPP purchase rights included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is as follows:

						Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
						2025						2024						2025						2024
						(In thousands)
Spaceline operations						$	612					$	1,046					$	1,613					$	3,441
Research and development						519						1,050						1,437						3,236
Selling, general and administrative						3,588						5,464						11,270						17,363
Total stock-based compensation expense						4,719						7,560						14,320						24,040
Less: stock-based compensation expense for liability-classified awards						178						115						205						458
Stock-based compensation expense for equity-classified awards						$	4,541					$	7,445					$	14,115					$	23,582

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of $0.1 million for stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.5 years. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense as of September 30, 2025 for RSUs and PSUs totaled $24.7 million and $0.7 million, respectively, which are expected to be recognized over weighted-average periods of 2.1 years and 0.5 years, respectively.

(9)    Income Taxes

Income tax expense was nil and $105,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Income tax expense was $11,000 and $219,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The effective income tax rate was nil for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to a full valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets where it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(10)    Earnings Per Share

The following table presents net loss per share and related information:

						Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
						2025						2024						2025						2024
						(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Basic and diluted:
Net loss						$	(64,417)					$	(74,540)					$	(216,184)					$	(270,327)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding						59,252						27,973						46,865						23,176
Basic and diluted net loss per share						$	(1.09)					$	(2.66)					$	(4.61)					$	(11.66)

Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The computation of diluted net loss per share excludes the effect of all potential common shares outstanding as their impact would have been anti-dilutive.

The Company has excluded stock-based awards and shares issuable upon conversion of the 2027 Notes from the diluted loss per share calculation because their effect was anti-dilutive. The total number of shares excluded for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was 7.2 million. The total number of shares excluded for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was 2.6 million.

(11)    Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements are required to be disclosed within a fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair value. Accordingly, assets and liabilities carried at fair value are classified within the fair value hierarchy in one of the following categories:

• Level 1 inputs — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

• Level 2 inputs — Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

• Level 3 inputs — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liability.

The following tables present the Company’s financial assets that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, segregated among the appropriate levels within the fair value hierarchy:

						September 30, 2025
						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3						Total
						(In thousands)
Assets:
Money market						$	151,970					$	—					$	—					$	151,970
U.S. treasuries						79,505						—						—						79,505
Corporate bonds						—						185,272						—						185,272
Total assets at fair value						$	231,475					$	185,272					$	—					$	416,747

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

						December 31, 2024
						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3						Total
						(In thousands)
Assets:
Money market						$	202,653					$	—					$	—					$	202,653
U.S. treasuries						34,731						—						—						34,731
Corporate bonds						—						411,170						—						411,170
Total assets at fair value						$	237,384					$	411,170					$	—					$	648,554

The following tables present the Company’s financial liabilities that are recorded at amortized cost, segregated among the appropriate levels within the fair value hierarchy:

						September 30, 2025
						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3						Total
						(In thousands)
Liabilities:
2027 Notes						$	—					$	182,508					$	—					$	182,508
Total liabilities at fair value						$	—					$	182,508					$	—					$	182,508

						December 31, 2024
						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3						Total
						(In thousands)
Liabilities:
2027 Notes						$	—					$	186,252					$	—					$	186,252
Total liabilities at fair value						$	—					$	186,252					$	—					$	186,252

The estimated fair value of the 2027 Notes, which are classified as Level 2 financial instruments, was determined based on the estimated or actual bid prices of the 2027 Notes in an over-the-counter market on the last business day of the period.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(12)    Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases and future minimum finance lease payments as of September 30, 2025 are as follows:

						Operating Leases						Finance Leases
						(In thousands)
2025 (for the remaining period)						$	3,555					$	70
2026						14,188						230
2027						13,951						115
2028						9,790						50
2029						7,265						15
Thereafter						31,952						7
Total payments						80,701						487
Less: present value discount/imputed interest						28,008						67
Present value of lease liabilities						$	52,693					$	420

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company is a party to various lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company applies accounting for contingencies to determine when and how much to accrue for and disclose related to legal and other contingencies. Accordingly, the Company discloses contingencies deemed to be reasonably possible and accrues loss contingencies when, in consultation with legal advisors, it is concluded that a loss is probable and reasonably estimable. Although the ultimate aggregate amount of monetary liability or financial impact with respect to these matters is subject to many uncertainties and is therefore not predictable with assurance, management believes that any monetary liability or financial impact to the Company from these matters, individually and in the aggregate, beyond that provided at September 30, 2025, would not be material to the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, there can be no assurance with respect to such result, and monetary liability or financial impact to the Company from legal proceedings, lawsuits and other claims could differ materially from those projected.

Lavin v. the Company

On May 28, 2021, a putative class action complaint was filed against the Company in the Eastern District of New York captioned Lavin v. Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. (“Lavin Action”), Case No. 1:21-cv-03070. In September 2021, the Court appointed Robert Scheele and Mark Kusnier as co-lead plaintiffs for the purported class. Co-lead plaintiffs amended the complaint in December 2021, asserting violations of Sections 10(b), 20(a) and 20A of the Exchange Act of 1934 against the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors on behalf of a putative class of investors who purchased the Company’s common stock between July 10, 2019 and October 14, 2021.

The amended complaint alleged, among other things, that the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors made false and misleading statements and failed to disclose certain information regarding the safety of the Company’s ships and success of its commercial flight program. Co-lead plaintiffs seek damages, interest, costs, expenses, attorneys’ fees, and other unspecified equitable relief. The defendants moved to dismiss the amended complaint and, on November 7, 2022, the Court granted in part and denied in part the defendants’ motion and gave the plaintiffs leave to file a further amended complaint.

Plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint on December 12, 2022. The second amended complaint contains many of the same allegations as in the first amended complaint. The defendants moved to dismiss the second amended complaint and, on August 8, 2023, the Court granted in part and denied in part the defendants’ motion and did not give plaintiffs leave to file a further amended complaint. Plaintiffs moved for reconsideration of the Court’s dismissal order

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

and, on December 19, 2023, the Court denied plaintiffs’ motion. On March 27, 2024, the defendants moved for judgment on the pleadings as to the remaining Section 10(b) insider trading claim alleged against Branson. On April 2, 2024, the Court stayed briefing on defendants’ motion for judgment on the pleadings pending resolution of plaintiffs’ anticipated motion for leave to add a new representative plaintiff, which plaintiffs’ subsequently filed on May 1, 2024. The Court granted plaintiffs’ motion on July 2, 2024. On July 8, 2024, defendants withdrew their motion for judgment on the pleadings.

On August 21, 2024, plaintiffs filed a third amended complaint in which Xinqiang Cui, Justin Carlough, Jennifer Ortiz, Richard O’Keefe-Jones, Vipul Gupta, Maria Josephine Rosales, and Hesham Ibrahim (previously named plaintiffs), were designated by plaintiffs as lead plaintiffs (in addition to Robert Scheele and Mark Kusnier), and an additional named plaintiff, Montgomery Brantley, was added. The third amended complaint contains substantively the same allegations as in the second amended complaint. On September 11, 2024, defendants filed an answer to plaintiffs’ third amended complaint.

On October 12, 2024, plaintiffs filed a motion to certify their proposed class. The defendants filed an opposition to plaintiffs’ motion on December 20, 2024, plaintiffs filed their reply on January 24, 2025, and defendants filed a sur-reply on March 21, 2025. The motion is pending before the Court.

On February 12, 2025, plaintiffs submitted a letter request to the Court seeking permission to file a motion for leave to file a Fourth Amended Complaint. On March 17, 2025, the Court granted plaintiffs’ request to file a motion for leave to amend, which plaintiffs did on March 26, 2025. Defendants filed their opposition on April 11, 2025, and plaintiffs filed their reply on April 23, 2025.

On July 18, 2025, plaintiffs and defendants (“Parties”) executed a Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) outlining the terms of a settlement to resolve all claims in the above-referenced action. In connection with the MOU, the Company recorded an expected net settlement of $2.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, which was reduced by $0.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025. The resulting net settlement of $2.4 million has been included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Pursuant to the MOU, the Company has agreed to pay $8.5 million, of which approximately $6.1 million is currently expected to be covered and paid directly by the Company’s insurers pursuant to insurance policies. The Company accrued a liability for the gross settlement amount and also recorded a receivable for the portion of the settlement that is expected to be covered directly by insurance. On November 4, 2025, plaintiffs asked the Court to preliminarily approve the Parties’ settlement. The Company expects to make all payments in early 2026 and for the Court to provide final approval of the settlement and judgment in 2026.

Spiteri, Grenier, Laidlaw, St. Jean, and Gera derivatively on behalf of the Company vs. Certain Current and Former Officers and Directors

On February 21, 2022, March 1, 2022, September 21, 2022, December 13, 2022, and July 11, 2024, five alleged shareholders filed separate derivative complaints purportedly on behalf of the Company against certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors in the Eastern District of New York captioned Spiteri v. Branson et al., Case No. 1:22-cv-00933 (“Spiteri Action”), Grenier v. Branson et al., Case No. 1:22-cv-01100 (“Grenier Action”), Laidlaw v. Branson et al., Case No. 1:22-cv-05634 (“Laidlaw Action”), St. Jean v. Branson et al., Case No. 1:22-cv-7551 (“St. Jean Action”), and Gera v. Branson et al., Case No. 24-cv-04795 (“Gera Action”), respectively. On May 4, 2022, the Spiteri and Grenier Actions were consolidated and recaptioned In re Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. Derivative Litigation, Case No. 1:22-cv-00933 (“Consolidated Derivative Action”). On September 30, 2023, the Laidlaw Action was consolidated into the Consolidated Derivative Action. On September 12, 2024, the Gera Action was consolidated into the Consolidated Derivative Action. Collectively, the complaints assert violations of Sections 10(b), 14(a), and 21D of the Exchange Act of 1934 and claims of breach of fiduciary duty, aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, contribution and indemnification, and unjust enrichment arising from substantially similar allegations as those contained in the securities class action described above. The complaints seek an unspecified sum of damages, interest, restitution, expenses, attorneys’ fees and other equitable relief. The parties are currently exploring a potential resolution of the Consolidated Derivative

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Action and the St. Jean Action, and have been ordered to submit a status report detailing the progress of those discussions by January 10, 2026.

Abughazaleh derivatively on behalf of the Company vs. Certain Current and Former Officers and Directors

On February 13, 2023, alleged shareholder Yousef Abughazaleh filed a derivative complaint purportedly on behalf of the Company against certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors in the District of Delaware captioned Abughazaleh v. Branson et al., Case No. 23-156-MN (“Abughazaleh Action”). The complaint asserts violations of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act of 1934 and SEC Rule 14a-9, and claims of breach of fiduciary duty, contribution and indemnification, and unjust enrichment arising from substantially similar allegations as those contained in the securities class action described above.

The complaint seeks an unspecified sum of damages, interest, restitution, expenses, attorneys’ fees and other equitable relief. The Abughazaleh Action is presently stayed.

Molnar and Tubbs derivatively on behalf of the Company vs. Certain Current and Former Officers and Directors

On April 9, 2024, alleged shareholders Crystal Molnar and Cleveland Tubbs filed a derivative complaint purportedly on behalf of the Company against certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors in the Central District of California captioned Molnar v. Branson et al., Case No. 8:24-cv-775. The complaint asserts violations of Section 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act of 1934, and claims of breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment arising from substantially similar allegations as those contained in the securities class action described above.

The complaint seeks an unspecified sum of damages, restitution, expenses, attorneys’ fees, and other equitable relief.

On July 11, 2025, the Court entered an order to show cause regarding dismissal for lack of prosecution. In response, on July 16, 2025, plaintiffs filed a joint stipulation of voluntary dismissal without prejudice indicating their intention to participate in the Espinosa action pending in Delaware Chancery Court. On July 17, 2025, the Court granted plaintiffs’ stipulation and entered an order of dismissal.

Espinosa derivatively on behalf of the Company vs. Certain Current and Former Officers and Directors

On September 3, 2024, alleged shareholder Kimberly Espinosa filed a derivative complaint purportedly on behalf of the Company against certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors (the “Individual Defendants”) in the Delaware Court of Chancery captioned Espinosa v. Branson et al., Case No. 2024-0895-JTL. The complaint asserts claims of breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment arising from substantially similar allegations as those contained in the securities class action described above.

The complaint seeks an unspecified sum of damages, interest, restitution, expenses, attorneys’ fees and other equitable relief. On August 12, 2025, the Court granted plaintiff Crystal Molnar’s unopposed motion to intervene in the Espinosa action. On August 14, 2025, the Company and the Individual Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint. In response to the motion to dismiss, plaintiffs Espinosa and Molnar communicated their intent to file an amended complaint, which plaintiffs did on October 29, 2025.

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VIRGIN GALACTIC HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(13)    Related Party Transactions

The Company licenses its brand name from certain entities affiliated with Virgin Enterprises Limited (“VEL”), a company incorporated in England. VEL is an affiliate of the Company. Under the trademark license, the Company has the exclusive right to operate under the brand name “Virgin Galactic” worldwide. Royalties payable, excluding sponsorship royalties, are the greater of (a) a low single-digit percentage of gross sales and (b) (i) prior to the first spaceflight for paying astronauts, a mid-five figure amount in dollars and (ii) from the first spaceflight for paying astronauts, a low-six figure amount in dollars, which increases to a low-seven figure amount in dollars over a four-year ramp up and thereafter increases in correlation with the consumer price index. Royalties payable on sponsorships are based on a mid-double-digit percentage of the related gross sales. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company incurred royalty expenses of $1.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

(14)    Supplemental Cash Flow Information

						Nine Months Ended September 30,
						2025						2024
						(In thousands)
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash payments for:
Income taxes						$	—					$	250
Interest						5,313						5,313
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Unpaid purchases of property, plant and equipment						$	8,537					$	13,275
Issuance of common stock through RSUs vested						475						2,220

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to the “Company,” “Virgin Galactic,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the audited financial statements and the related notes thereto, and the discussion under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the “Annual Report on Form 10-K”). This discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as those set forth under the “Risk Factors” sections of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 and under the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” section and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are an aerospace and space travel company offering access to space for private individuals, researchers and government agencies. Our missions include flying passengers to space, as well as flying scientific payloads and researchers to space in order to conduct experiments for scientific and educational purposes. Our operations include the design and development, manufacturing, ground and flight testing, spaceflight operation, and post-flight maintenance of our spaceflight system. Our spaceflight system was developed using our proprietary technology and processes and is focused on providing space travel experiences for private astronauts, researcher flights and professional astronaut training. We have also leveraged our knowledge and expertise in manufacturing spaceships to occasionally perform engineering services for third parties. To expand capacity, we are currently developing our next-generation spaceflight vehicles. These next-generation spaceflight vehicles, which include our Delta Class spaceships and additional launch vehicles, are expected to dramatically increase our annual flight rate. Following the completion of the non-recurring engineering work on our Delta Class spaceships, we have redeployed engineering resources to the next phase of design for our next-generation launch vehicle. In addition, we are exploring the opportunity to use a derivative model of our launch vehicle as a High-Altitude, Long-Endurance (“HALE”) aircraft, which we believe could be utilized for several types of government and research purposes.

Recent Developments

We are continuing the development of our new Delta Class spaceships and are progressing through our build milestones. We currently expect our flight test program to commence in the third quarter of 2026 and then our first commercial spaceflight, a research flight, is expected to occur in the fourth quarter of 2026. We currently expect private astronaut spaceflights to commence six to eight weeks after our first commercial spaceflight.

On July 18, 2025, plaintiffs and defendants executed a Memorandum of Understanding outlining the terms of a settlement to resolve all claims in the putative class action complaint filed against us in the action entitled Lavin v. Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. (“Lavin Action”). See Note 12 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information. We have reached a preliminary settlement and are awaiting final approval of the settlement by the Court. We expect to make all payments in connection with the settlement in early 2026.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

We believe that our performance and future success depend on a number of factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges, including those discussed below and in Part 1, Item 1A. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K titled “Risk Factors” and in Part II, Item 1A. of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

Customer Demand

We have already received significant interest from potential astronauts. Going forward, we expect the size of our backlog and the number of astronauts that have flown to space on our spaceflight system to be an important indicator of our future performance. Our sales remain paused, but we expect to open tranches of sales reservations in the first quarter of 2026 as we approach the start of commercial service. As of September 30, 2025, we have reservations for spaceflights for approximately 675 future astronauts, which represent approximately $189 million in expected future spaceflight revenue upon completion of the spaceflights.

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Safety Performance of Our Spaceflight Systems

Our spaceflight systems are highly specialized with sophisticated and complex technology. We have built operational processes to ensure that the design, manufacture, performance and service of our spaceflight systems meet rigorous quality standards. However, our spaceflight systems are still subject to operational and process risks, such as manufacturing and design issues, human errors, or cyber-attacks. Any actual or perceived safety issues may result in significant reputational harm to our business and our ability to generate spaceflight revenue.

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented. The period-to-period comparisons of financial results are not necessarily indicative of future results.

						Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
						2025						2024						2025						2024
						(In thousands)
Revenue						$	365					$	402					$	1,232					$	6,607
Operating expenses:
Spaceline operations						19,497						19,874						54,529						69,753
Research and development						14,952						23,937						68,383						124,441
Selling, general and administrative						27,965						33,978						90,365						95,793
Depreciation and amortization						4,117						4,341						12,511						11,296
Total operating expenses						66,531						82,130						225,788						301,283
Operating loss						(66,166)						(81,728)						(224,556)						(294,676)
Interest income						4,966						10,363						18,013						33,779
Interest expense						(3,250)						(3,233)						(9,737)						(9,690)
Other income, net						33						163						107						479
Loss before income taxes						(64,417)						(74,435)						(216,173)						(270,108)
Income tax expense						—						105						11						219
Net loss						$	(64,417)					$	(74,540)					$	(216,184)					$	(270,327)

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

Revenue

Revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily attributable to access fees related to our astronaut community. Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to access fees related to our astronaut community. Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to revenue generated from our commercial spaceflights and access fees related to our astronaut community.

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Spaceline Operations

						Three Months Ended September 30,												$ Change						% Change						Nine Months Ended September 30,												$ Change						% Change
						2025						2024																		2025						2024
						(In thousands, except %)
Spaceline operations						$	19,497					$	19,874					$	(377)					(2)		%				$	54,529					$	69,753					$	(15,224)					(22)		%

Spaceline operations expense includes costs to maintain and operate our spaceflight system; non-capitalizable costs to build our new vehicles and manufacture items required to support the making of our vehicles, such as rocket motors and spare parts; the consumption of rocket motors, fuel and other consumables; costs to maintain and support our astronaut community; and costs to provide payload cargo and engineering services.

Spaceline operations expense decreased from $19.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $19.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily driven by a $4.6 million decrease in cash compensation and other employee benefit costs, partially offset by a $4.4 million increase in materials and sub-contractor and contract labor costs.

Spaceline operations expense decreased from $69.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $54.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily driven by a $15.9 million decrease in cash compensation and other employee benefit costs.

Research and Development

						Three Months Ended September 30,												$ Change						% Change						Nine Months Ended September 30,												$ Change						% Change
						2025						2024																		2025						2024
						(In thousands, except %)
Research and development						$	14,952					$	23,937					$	(8,985)					(38)		%				$	68,383					$	124,441					$	(56,058)					(45)		%

Research and development expenses represent costs incurred to support activities that advance our future fleet towards commercialization, including basic research, applied research, concept formulation studies, design, development, and related testing activities. Research and development costs consist primarily of equipment, material, and labor costs (including from third-party contractors) for designing the spaceflight system’s structure, spaceflight propulsion system, and flight profiles for our next-generation spaceships and launch vehicles, as well as allocated facilities and other supporting overhead costs.

Research and development expenses decreased from $23.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $15.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily driven by a $7.2 million decrease in sub-contractor and contract labor costs associated with the development of our next generation spaceflight vehicles and a $1.7 million decrease in cash compensation and other employee benefit costs.

Research and development expenses decreased from $124.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $68.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily driven by a $45.8 million decrease in sub-contractor and contract labor costs associated with the development of our next generation spaceflight vehicles and a $12.1 million decrease in cash compensation and other employee benefit costs.

Selling, General and Administrative

						Three Months Ended September 30,												$ Change						% Change						Nine Months Ended September 30,												$ Change						% Change
						2025						2024																		2025						2024
						(In thousands, except %)
Selling, general and administrative						$	27,965					$	33,978					$	(6,013)					(18)		%				$	90,365					$	95,793					$	(5,428)					(6)		%

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and other employee benefit costs for employees involved in general corporate functions, including executive management and administration, accounting, finance, legal,

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information technology, sales and marketing, and human resources. Non-compensation components of selling, general and administrative expenses include accounting, legal and other professional fees, facilities expenses, and other corporate expenses.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased from $34.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $28.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily driven by a $2.9 million decrease in professional fees, a $1.9 million decrease in stock-based compensation and a $1.3 million decrease in outside services and other corporate costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased from $95.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $90.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily driven by a $6.1 million decrease in stock-based compensation and a $3.9 million decrease in professional fees. These decreases were partially offset by a $2.6 million increase in cash compensation and other employee benefit costs and a $2.4 million expense associated with the settlement of the Lavin Action.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased from $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $4.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily due to older assets becoming fully depreciated. Depreciation and amortization expense increased from $11.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $12.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The increase was primarily due to the acquisition of property, plant and equipment.

Interest Income

Interest income decreased from $10.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $5.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. Interest income decreased from $33.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $18.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. These decreases were primarily driven by decreased average balances of marketable securities and deposits in interest-bearing accounts.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was $3.3 million and $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Interest expense was $9.7 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Interest expense primarily consists of interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs related to our convertible senior notes.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense was immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. We have accumulated net operating losses at the U.S. federal and state levels. We maintain a full valuation allowance against our net U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets. The income tax expense is primarily related to corporate income taxes for our operations in the United Kingdom, which operates on a cost-plus arrangement.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $158.8 million and marketable securities of $264.8 million. Our principal sources of liquidity have come from sales of our common stock and offering of convertible senior notes (“2027 Notes”).

Historical Cash Flows

						Nine Months Ended September 30,
						2025						2024
						(In thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities						$	(187,667)					$	(271,668)
Investing activities						29,867						116,444
Financing activities						105,709						106,348
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash						$	(52,091)					$	(48,876)

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Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $187.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and consisted primarily of $216.2 million of net losses, adjusted for non-cash items, which primarily included stock-based compensation expense of $14.3 million and depreciation and amortization expense of $12.5 million, partially offset by $5.4 million of accretion of marketable securities purchased at a discount and $5.4 million of net changes in operating assets and liabilities.

Net cash used in operating activities was $271.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and consisted primarily of $270.3 million of net losses, adjusted for non-cash items, which primarily included stock-based compensation expense of $24.0 million and depreciation and amortization expense of $11.3 million, partially offset by $14.0 million of accretion of marketable securities purchased at a discount and $25.0 million of net changes in operating assets and liabilities.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $29.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and consisted primarily of $492.5 million in proceeds from maturities and calls of marketable securities, partially offset by $306.8 million in purchases of marketable securities and $155.9 million in capital expenditures.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $116.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and consisted primarily of $729.4 million in proceeds from maturities and calls of marketable securities, partially offset by $527.4 million in purchases of marketable securities and $86.1 million in capital expenditures.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $105.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and consisted primarily of net cash proceeds from the sale and issuance of common stock pursuant to our at-the-market offering program.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $106.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and consisted primarily of net cash proceeds from the sale and issuance of common stock pursuant to our at-the-market offering program.

Funding Requirements

We expect our expenditures to fluctuate in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we continue to advance the development of our next-generation spaceflight system and leverage investments in capital expenditures.

As our fleet of spaceships expands, we expect our expenditures to increase as we scale our commercial operations. Specifically, our long-term expenditures will increase as we:

•scale up our manufacturing processes and capabilities to support expanding our fleet with additional spaceships, launch vehicles and rocket motors in connection with commercialization;

•hire additional personnel in manufacturing operations, testing programs, maintenance operations and guest services as we increase the volume of our spaceflights; and

•scale up required operational facilities, such as hangars and warehouses.

We expect our arrangements with third-party providers to manufacture key subassemblies for our next-generation spaceships and for the design and manufacture of our next-generation launch vehicles will require significant capital expenditures. Certain estimated amounts in connection with third-party arrangements are subject to future negotiations and cannot be estimated with reasonable certainty.

We believe that our current capital is adequate to sustain our operations for at least the next twelve months. Changing circumstances may cause us to consume capital significantly faster than we currently anticipate, and we may need to spend more money than currently expected because of circumstances beyond our control. While we have completed our initial commercial launch with a single spaceship, we are currently developing our next-generation spaceflight vehicles. We anticipate the costs to manufacture additional vehicles will begin to decrease as we continue to scale up our manufacturing processes and capabilities.

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Issuances of Common Stock

In June 2023, we entered into a distribution agency agreement with Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (each, an “Agent” and collectively, the “Agents”) providing for the offer and sale of up to $400 million of shares of our common stock from time to time through the Agents, acting as sales agents, or directly to one or more of the Agents, acting as principal(s), through an “at-the-market offering” program (the “2023 ATM Program”).

In November 2024, we terminated the 2023 ATM Program, having sold a total of 12.8 million shares of common stock and generating $396.2 million in gross proceeds, before deducting $3.9 million in underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses.

In November 2024, we entered into an open market sale agreement with Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”) providing for the offer and sale of up to $300 million of shares of our common stock from time to time through Jefferies, acting as sales agent, or directly to Jefferies, acting as principal, through an “at-the-market offering” program (the “2024 ATM Program”).

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we sold 30.0 million shares of common stock under the 2024 ATM Program and generated $109.2 million in gross proceeds, before deducting $3.2 million in underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses.

As of September 30, 2025, we had sold a total of 34.1 million shares of common stock under the 2024 ATM Program, generating $138.3 million in gross proceeds since its inception, before deducting $4.1 million in underwriting discounts, commissions and other expenses.

Liquidity Outlook

For at least the next twelve months, we expect our principal demand for funds will be for our ongoing activities described above. We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements primarily through our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities on hand. We believe we will have sufficient liquidity available to fund our business needs, commitments and contractual obligations for the next twelve months.

Beyond the next twelve months, our principal demand for funds will be to sustain our operations, operate our spaceline at Spaceport America in New Mexico, and expand our fleet of spaceships, launch vehicles, and supporting facilities. We expect to generate revenue from our spaceflight program, which is expected to commence with spaceflights in the fourth quarter of 2026. To the extent this source of capital as well as sources of capital described above are insufficient to meet our needs, we may need to seek additional debt or equity financing.

The commercial launch of our spaceflight program and the anticipated expansion of our fleet have unpredictable costs and are subject to significant risks, uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control, that may affect the timing and magnitude of these anticipated expenditures. Some of these risk and uncertainties are described in more detail in our Annual Report on Form 10-K under the heading Item 1A. “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business.”

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Except as set forth in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no material changes outside the ordinary course of business to our contractual obligations and commitments as described in Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses and related disclosures. We believe that the estimates, assumptions and judgments involved in the accounting policies referred to below have the greatest potential impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and, therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies. Accordingly, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

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During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2025, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates compared to those previously disclosed in “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” included in Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Not applicable for smaller reporting companies.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are from time to time subject to various lawsuits, claims and other legal and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of these lawsuits, claims and other proceedings may involve highly complex issues that are subject to substantial uncertainties, and could result in damages, fines, penalties, non-monetary sanctions or relief. However, we do not consider any such lawsuits, claims or proceedings that are currently pending, individually or in the aggregate, to be material to our business or likely to result in a material adverse effect on our future operating results, financial condition or cash flows. See Note 12 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business, financial condition and operating results can be affected by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown, including but not limited to those described as risk factors, any one or more of which could, directly or indirectly, cause our actual operating results and financial condition to vary materially from past, or anticipated future, operating results and financial condition. For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, see the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1. “Business,” Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” and Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, in Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 and in Part I, Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

10b5-1 Trading Plans

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, none of our officers or directors adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.”

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Item 6. Exhibits

The following documents are filed as part of this report:

(1) Exhibits. The following exhibits are filed, furnished or incorporated by reference as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit No.

Exhibit Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Filed/Furnished Herewith

3.1

Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant

8-K

001-38202

3.1

10/29/2019

3.1(a)

Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation

8-K

001-38202

3.1

6/14/2024

3.2

Amended and Restated By-Laws of Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. (effective as of August 28, 2025).

8-K

001-38202

3.1

8/29/2025

10.1+

Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated July 29, 2025, by and among Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc., Virgin Galactic, LLC and Michael Colglazier.

8-K

001-38202

10.1

8/1/2025

31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

*

31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

*

32.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

**

32.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

**

101.INS

Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

*

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

*

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

*

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

*

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document

*

101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

*

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

+ Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

			Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc.
Date: November 13, 2025						/s/ Michael Colglazier
			Name:			Michael Colglazier
			Title:			Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: November 13, 2025						/s/ Douglas Ahrens
			Name:			Douglas Ahrens
			Title:			Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

30

FAQ

What were Virgin Galactic (SPCE) Q3 2025 revenue and net loss?

Revenue was $365 thousand and net loss was $64.4 million (basic and diluted loss per share $1.09).

How much liquidity did SPCE report at September 30, 2025?

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash were $158.8 million, and marketable securities were $264.8 million.

What activity occurred under SPCE’s 2024 ATM program in 2025?

During the nine months, SPCE sold 30.0 million shares for $109.2 million in gross proceeds; cumulative gross proceeds total $138.3 million on 34.1 million shares.

What is SPCE’s backlog and potential revenue from reservations?

As of September 30, 2025, there are approximately 675 reservations, representing about $189 million in expected future spaceflight revenue upon completion.

When are SPCE’s next flight milestones expected?

Flight tests for Delta Class spaceships are expected to commence in Q3 2026, with the first commercial research spaceflight in Q4 2026.

What are SPCE’s outstanding convertible notes?

Convertible senior notes due 2027 have $425.0 million principal outstanding.

What are the terms of the Lavin settlement MOU?

SPCE agreed to pay $8.5 million, with about $6.1 million expected to be covered by insurers; a $2.4 million net settlement expense was recorded year‑to‑date.