[424B2] Toronto Dominion Bank Prospectus Supplement

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., fully guaranteed by Citigroup Inc. (NYSE: C), is offering $84.825 million of Autocallable S&P 500 Index-Linked Notes (Series N) that settle on 15 Jul 2025 and mature on 12 Jul 2028, unless redeemed earlier. Each note has a $1,000 stated principal and pays no interest.

Automatic call mechanics: the notes are automatically redeemed if the S&P 500 (initial level 6,225.52) closes at or above that level on either observation date (16 Jul 2026 or 8 Jul 2027). Early redemption pays:

• 7.55% premium ($1,075.50) on first call
• 15.10% premium ($1,151.00) on second call

Payment at maturity (if not called): • If final index level ≥ initial, investors receive $1,000 plus the greater of 22.65% or 300% of index return. • If final level is 80–99.99% of initial, principal is returned. • If final level <80% of initial, principal is reduced dollar-for-dollar with index loss, exposing holders to up to 100% loss.

Pricing & fees: Issue price $1,000; underwriting discount $30 (3%); estimated value $972—implying an initial value deficit of 2.8%. CGMI and affiliates may earn additional hedging profits. The notes will not be listed; secondary liquidity is solely dependent on CGMI’s discretionary market-making.

Risk highlights: Investors face (i) full downside below the 20% buffer, (ii) no dividend or interest income, (iii) credit risk of both Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc., and (iv) potential difficulty exiting positions before maturity. Tax treatment is uncertain; the issuer intends to treat the notes as prepaid forward contracts.

Use of proceeds & hedging: Part of net proceeds ($82.28 million after fees) will hedge the issuer’s obligations. CGMI is calculation agent; CUSIP 17333LGC3.

Given the modest deal size relative to Citigroup’s balance sheet, the transaction is immaterial at the corporate level but offers fee income and funding benefits. For investors, return potential is capped by the call premiums and contingent on specific index levels, while downside is significant.

Positive

• 300% upside participation above the 22.65% fixed premium gives leveraged exposure to S&P 500 gains beyond breakeven.
• 20% downside buffer at maturity protects principal against moderate market declines.
• Early call premiums of 7.55% and 15.10% provide defined returns in rising markets within 12–24 months.
• Full and unconditional guarantee by Citigroup Inc. enhances credit profile versus non-guaranteed issuers.

Negative

• Unlimited downside below –20% exposes investors to up to 100% capital loss.
• No interest or dividend income reduces total return versus passive index ownership.
• Estimated value ($972) below issue price indicates 2.8% initial mark-up plus 3% underwriting fee.
• Illiquid secondary market—notes are unlisted and liquidity relies solely on CGMI’s discretionary quotes.
• Credit risk of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and parent Citi could impair payments in a default.
• Complex tax treatment with potential future changes creates additional uncertainty for holders.

Insights

Structured Products Analyst

TL;DR: Complex autocall note offers 7.55–22.65% coupons but full loss below –20%; value priced below par.

The note provides leveraged upside (300% participation) after three years if the S&P 500 is flat or higher, and modest fixed returns (7.55%/15.10%) if called earlier. Investors sacrifice dividends and accept a 20% buffer only at maturity; any deeper drawdown leads to one-for-one loss. The 2.8% gap between issue price and estimated value plus a 3% sales concession highlight meaningful embedded costs. Lack of listing and sole-dealer liquidity elevate exit-risk. For Citigroup, the $84.8 million raise is de-minimis but generates fee and funding spread, making the deal economically attractive. Overall, risk-reward skews toward the issuer.

Credit & Risk Analyst

TL;DR: Credit-linked, non-interest bearing note exposes holders to Citi default plus market tail risk.

All payments depend on Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citi Inc. credit. The unsecured senior status places noteholders pari-passu with other senior debt. In a stress, equity correlation can amplify both market and credit spread widening, potentially hitting secondary prices hard. The absence of collateral and a 100% potential principal loss underline the speculative nature. From Citi’s perspective, the structure provides low-cost term funding and hedging flexibility; no meaningful deterioration in capital ratios occurs. Impact on investors is high risk; impact on Citi is immaterial.

Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2)

Registration Statement No. 333-283969

The information in this pricing supplement is not complete and may be changed. This pricing supplement is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these Notes in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion, Dated July 10, 2025.

Pricing Supplement dated  , 2025 to the

Product Supplement MLN-EI-1 dated February 26, 2025,

Underlier Supplement dated February 26, 2025 and

Prospectus dated February 26, 2025

The Toronto-Dominion Bank

$[●]

Leveraged Buffered Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the Nasdaq-100 Index^®, the Russell 2000^® Index and the

 S&P 500^® Index Due on or about August 2, 2028

The Toronto-Dominion Bank (“TD” or “we”) is offering the Leveraged Buffered Notes (the “Notes”) linked to the least performing of the Nasdaq-100 Index^®, the Russell 2000^® Index and the S&P 500^® Index (each, a “Reference Asset” and together, the “Reference Assets”).

The Notes provide 131.90% leveraged participation in the positive return of the Least Performing Reference Asset if the value of each Reference Asset increases from its Initial Value to its Final Value. The “Least Performing Reference Asset” is the Reference Asset with the lowest “Percentage Change”, which is the percentage increase or decrease of a Reference Asset from its Initial Value to its Final Value. Investors will receive their Principal Amount at maturity if the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset is equal to or less than its Initial Value and equal to or greater than 90.00% of its Initial Value, which we refer to as the Buffer Value. If, however, the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset is less than its Buffer Value, investors will lose 1% of the Principal Amount of the Notes for each 1% that the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset is less than its Initial Value in excess of 10.00% (the “Buffer Percentage”), and may lose up to 90.00% of the Principal Amount of the Notes. Specifically, investors will lose 1% of the Principal Amount of the Notes for each 1% that the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset is less than its Initial Value in excess of the Buffer Percentage, and may lose up to 90.00% of the Principal Amount of the Notes. Any payment on the Notes are subject to our credit risk.

Investors are exposed to the market risk of each Reference Asset on the Final Valuation Date and any decline in the value of one Reference Asset will not be offset or mitigated by a lesser decline or potential increase in the value of any other Reference Asset. The Payment at Maturity will be greater than the Principal Amount only if the Final Value of each Reference Asset is greater than its Initial Value. The Notes do not guarantee the return of the Principal Amount and investors may lose up to 90.00% of their investment in the Notes if the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset is less than its Buffer Value. Any payment on the Notes are subject to our credit risk.

The Notes are unsecured and are not savings accounts or insured deposits of a bank. The Notes are not insured or guaranteed by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency or instrumentality of Canada or the United States. The Notes will not be listed or displayed on any securities exchange or electronic communications network.

The Notes have complex features and investing in the Notes involves a number of risks. See “Additional Risk Factors” beginning on page P-6 of this pricing supplement, “Additional Risk Factors Specific to the Notes” beginning on page PS-7 in the product supplement MLN-EI-1 dated February 26, 2025 (the “product supplement”) and “Risk Factors” on page 1 of the prospectus dated February 26, 2025 (the “prospectus”).

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these Notes or determined that this pricing supplement, the product supplement, the underlier supplement or the prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

We will deliver the Notes in book-entry only form through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company on the Issue Date against payment in immediately available funds.

The estimated value of your Notes at the time the terms of your Notes are set on the Pricing Date is expected to be between $910.00 and $950.00 per Note, as discussed further under “Additional Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Estimated Value and Liquidity” beginning on page P-7 and “Additional Information Regarding the Estimated Value of the Notes” on page P-20 of this pricing supplement. The estimated value is expected to be less than the public offering price of the Notes.

	Public Offering Price	Underwriting Discount1	Proceeds to TD1
Per Note	$1,000.00	$20.00	$980.00
Total	$	$	$

¹ TD Securities (USA) LLC (“TDS”) will receive a commission of $20.00 (2.00%) per Note and may use all or a portion of that commission to allow selling concessions to other dealers in connection with the distribution of the Notes. Such other dealers may resell the Notes to other securities dealers at the Principal Amount less a concession not in excess of $20.00 per Note. TD will reimburse TDS for certain expenses in connection with its role in the offer and sale of the Notes, and TD will pay TDS a fee in connection with its role in the offer and sale of the Notes. See “Supplemental Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)” herein.

The public offering price, underwriting discount and proceeds to TD listed above relate to the Notes we issue initially. We may decide to sell additional Notes after the date of the final pricing supplement, at public offering prices and with underwriting discounts and proceeds to TD that differ from the amounts set forth above. The return (whether positive or negative) on your investment in the Notes will depend in part on the public offering price you pay for such Notes.

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-1

Leveraged Buffered Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the Nasdaq-

100 Index^®, the Russell 2000^® Index and the S&P 500^® Index Due on or

about

August 2, 2028

Summary

The information in this “Summary” section is qualified by the more detailed information set forth in this pricing supplement, the product supplement, the underlier supplement and the prospectus.

Issuer:	TD
Issue:	Senior Debt Securities, Series H
Type of Note:	Leveraged Buffered Notes
Term:	Approximately 3 years
Reference Assets:	The Nasdaq-100 Index® (Bloomberg ticker: NDX, “NDX”), the Russell 2000® Index (Bloomberg ticker: RTY, “RTY”) and the S&P 500® Index (Bloomberg ticker: SPX, “SPX”)
CUSIP / ISIN:	89115HJP3 / US89115HJP38
Agent:	TDS
Currency:	U.S. Dollars
Minimum Investment:	$1,000 and minimum denominations of $1,000 in excess thereof
Principal Amount:	$1,000 per Note
Pricing Date:	July 28, 2025
Issue Date:	July 31, 2025, which is the third DTC settlement day following the Pricing Date. Under Rule 15c6-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in one DTC settlement day (“T+1”), unless the parties to a trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, purchasers who wish to trade the Notes in the secondary market on any date prior to one DTC settlement day before delivery of the Notes will be required, by virtue of the fact that each Note initially will settle in three DTC settlement days (“T+3”), to specify alternative settlement arrangements to prevent a failed settlement of the secondary market trade.
Final Valuation Date:	July 28, 2028, subject to postponement upon the occurrence of a market disruption event as described in the accompanying product supplement.
Maturity Date:	August 2, 2028, subject to postponement upon the occurrence of a market disruption event as described in the accompanying product supplement.
Payment at Maturity:	For each Note, we will pay you on the Maturity Date an amount in cash equal to: • If the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset is greater than its Initial Value: Principal Amount + (Principal Amount × Least Performing Percentage Change × Leverage Factor). • If the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset is equal to or less than its Initial Value and equal to or greater than its Buffer Value:

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-2

	Principal Amount of $1,000. • If the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset is less than its Buffer Value: Principal Amount + Principal Amount × (Least Performing Percentage Change + Buffer Percentage)]. In this scenario, investors will receive less than the Principal Amount of the Notes at maturity and may lose almost all of their investment. Specifically, investors will lose 1% of the Principal Amount of the Notes for each 1% that the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset is less than its Initial Value in excess of the Buffer Percentage, and may lose up to 90.00% of the Principal Amount of the Notes. Any payment on the Notes are subject to our credit risk. All amounts used in or resulting from any calculation relating to the Payment at Maturity will be rounded upward or downward, as appropriate, to the nearest cent.
Percentage Change:	For each Reference Asset, the Percentage Change is the quotient, expressed as a percentage, of the following formula:
Initial Value:	With respect to NDX, [●] (to be determined on the Pricing Date). With respect to RTY, [●] (to be determined on the Pricing Date). With respect to SPX, [●] (to be determined on the Pricing Date). The Initial Value of each Reference Asset equals its Closing Value on the Pricing Date, as determined by the Calculation Agent.
Closing Value:	For each Reference Asset (or any “successor index” thereto, as defined in the product supplement) on any Trading Day, the Closing Value will be its closing value published by its sponsor (its “Index Sponsor”) as displayed on the relevant Bloomberg Professional® service (“Bloomberg”) page or any successor page or service.
Final Value:	For each Reference Asset, the Closing Value of such Reference Asset on its Final Valuation Date.
Buffer Percentage:	10.00%, which is equal to the percentage by which the Buffer Value of each Reference Asset is less than its respective Initial Value.
Buffer Value:	With respect to NDX, [●] (90.00% of its Initial Value, to be determined on the Pricing Date). With respect to RTY, [●] (90.00% of its Initial Value, to be determined on the Pricing Date). With respect to SPX, [●] (90.00% of its Initial Value, to be determined on the Pricing Date). The Buffer Value for each Reference Asset is determined by the Calculation Agent.
Least Performing Reference Asset:	The Reference Asset with the lowest Percentage Change as compared to the Percentage Change of any other Reference Asset.
Least Performing Percentage Change:	The Percentage Change of the Least Performing Reference Asset.
Leverage Factor:	131.90%
Monitoring Period:	Final Valuation Date Monitoring
Trading Day:	A day on which the NYSE and the Nasdaq Stock Market, or their successors, are scheduled to be open for trading, as determined by the Calculation Agent.

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-3

Business Day:	Any day that is a Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday or Friday that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law to close in New York City.
U.S. Tax Treatment:	By purchasing the Notes, you agree, in the absence of a statutory or regulatory change or an administrative determination or judicial ruling to the contrary, to characterize the Notes, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as prepaid derivative contracts with respect to the Reference Asset. Based on certain factual representations received from us, our special U.S. tax counsel, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP, is of the opinion that it would be reasonable to treat the Notes in the manner described above. However, because there is no authority that specifically addresses the tax treatment of the Notes, it is possible that your Notes could alternatively be treated for tax purposes as a single contingent payment debt instrument, or pursuant to some other characterization, such that the timing and character of your income from the Notes could differ materially and adversely from the treatment described above, as discussed further under “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” herein and in the product supplement.
Canadian Tax Treatment:	Please see the discussion in the prospectus under “Tax Consequences — Canadian Taxation” and in the product supplement under “Supplemental Discussion of Canadian Tax Consequences”, which applies to the Notes. We will not pay any additional amounts as a result of any withholding required by reason of the rules governing hybrid mismatch arrangements contained in section 18.4 of the Canadian Tax Act (as defined in the prospectus).
Calculation Agent:	TD
Listing:	The Notes will not be listed or displayed on any securities exchange or electronic communications network.
Canadian Bail-in:	The Notes are not bail-inable debt securities (as defined in the prospectus) under the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation Act.
Change in Law Event:	Not applicable, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the product supplement.

The Pricing Date, the Issue Date, and all other dates listed above are subject to change. These dates will be set forth in the final pricing supplement that will be made available in connection with sales of the Notes.

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-4

Additional Terms of Your Notes

You should read this pricing supplement together with the prospectus, as supplemented by the product supplement MLN-EI-1 (the “product supplement”) and the underlier supplement (the “underlier supplement”), relating to our Senior Debt Securities, Series H of which these Notes are a part. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this pricing supplement will have the meanings given to them in the product supplement. In the event of any conflict the following hierarchy will govern: first, this pricing supplement; second, the product supplement; third, the underlier supplement; and last, the prospectus. The Notes vary from the terms described in the product supplement in several important ways. You should read this pricing supplement carefully.

This pricing supplement, together with the documents listed below, contains the terms of the Notes and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials including preliminary or indicative pricing terms, correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, brochures or other educational materials of ours. You should carefully consider, among other things, the matters set forth in “Additional Risk Factors” herein, “Additional Risk Factors Specific to the Notes” in the product supplement and “Risk Factors” in the prospectus, as the Notes involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisors concerning an investment in the Notes. You may access these documents on the SEC website at www.sec.gov as follows (or if that address has changed, by reviewing our filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):

■ Prospectus dated February 26, 2025:

http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/947263/000119312525036639/d931193d424b5.htm

■ Underlier Supplement dated February 26, 2025:

http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/947263/000114036125006121/ef20044458_424b3.htm

■ Product Supplement MLN-EI-1 dated February 26, 2025:

http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/947263/000114036125006123/ef20044459_424b3.htm

Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website is 0000947263. As used in this pricing supplement, the “Bank,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refers to The Toronto-Dominion Bank and its subsidiaries.

We reserve the right to change the terms of, or reject any offer to purchase, the Notes prior to their issuance. In the event of any changes to the terms of the Notes, we will notify you and you will be asked to accept such changes in connection with your purchase. You may also choose to reject such changes, in which case we may reject your offer to purchase.

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-5

Additional Risk Factors

The Notes involve risks not associated with an investment in conventional debt securities. This section describes the most significant risks relating to the terms of the Notes. For additional information as to these and other risks, please see “Additional Risk Factors Specific to the Notes” in the product supplement and “Risk Factors” in the prospectus.

Investors should consult their investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisors as to the risks concerning an investment in the Notes and the suitability of the Notes in light of their particular circumstances.

Risks Relating to Return Characteristics

Your Investment in the Notes May Result in a Loss.

The Notes do not guarantee the return of the Principal Amount and investors may lose up to 90.00% of their investment in the Notes if there is a decline of the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset from its Initial Value by more than the Buffer Percentage. Specifically, if the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset is less than its Buffer Value, investors will lose 1% of the Principal Amount of the Notes for each 1% that the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset is less than its Initial Value in excess of the Buffer Percentage, and may lose up to 90.00% of the Principal Amount.

The Notes Do Not Pay Interest and Your Return May Be Lower than the Return on a Conventional Debt Security of Comparable Maturity.

There will be no periodic interest payments on the Notes as there would be on a conventional fixed-rate or floating-rate debt security having a comparable maturity. The return that you will receive on the Notes, which could be negative, may be less than the return you could earn on other investments. Even if your return is positive, your return may be less than the return you would earn if you bought a conventional, interest-bearing senior debt security of TD.

Investors Are Exposed to the Market Risk of Each Reference Asset.

Your return on the Notes is not linked to a basket consisting of the Reference Assets. Rather, it will be contingent upon the performance of each Reference Asset. Unlike an instrument with a return linked to a basket of indices, common stocks or other underlying securities, in which risk is mitigated and diversified among all of the components of the basket, you will be exposed equally to the risks related to each Reference Asset. Poor performance by any Reference Asset over the term of the Notes will negatively affect your return and will not be offset or mitigated by a positive performance by any other Reference Asset. For instance, if the Final Value of any Reference Asset is less than its Buffer Value on the Final Valuation Date, you will lose 1% of the Principal Amount of the Notes for each 1% that the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset is less than its Initial Value in excess of the Buffer Percentage, even if the Final Value of another Reference Asset has not declined as much. Accordingly, your investment is subject to the market risk of each Reference Asset.

The Payment at Maturity Is Not Linked to the Value of Any Reference Asset at Any Time Other than as of the Final Valuation Date.

The Final Value of each Reference Asset will be based on its Closing Value on the Final Valuation Date. Therefore, if the Closing Value of any Reference Asset dropped precipitously on the Final Valuation Date, the Payment at Maturity for your Notes may be significantly less than it would have been had the Payment at Maturity been linked to the Closing Values of the Reference Assets prior to such drop. Although the actual Closing Values of the Reference Assets on the Maturity Date or at other times during the term of your Notes may be higher than their Closing Values on the Final Valuation Date, your return is based only on the Closing Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset on the Final Valuation Date.

Risks Relating to Characteristics of the Reference Assets

There Are Market Risks Associated With Each Reference Asset.

The value of each Reference Asset can rise or fall sharply due to factors specific to such Reference Asset, its Reference Asset Constituents and their issuers (the “Reference Asset Constituent Issuers”), such as stock price volatility, earnings, financial conditions, corporate, industry and regulatory developments, management changes and decisions and other events, as well as general market factors, such as general stock market volatility and levels, interest rates and economic and political conditions. You, as an investor in the Notes, should make your own investigation into the Reference Assets for your Notes. For additional information, see “Information Regarding the Reference Assets” in this pricing supplement.

Because the Notes Are Linked to the Least Performing Reference Asset, You Are Exposed to a Greater Risk of Losing up to 90.00% of Your Initial Investment at Maturity Than if the Notes Were Linked to a Single Reference Asset or Fewer Reference Assets.

The risk that you will lose up to 90.00% of your initial investment in the Notes is greater if you invest in the Notes than the risk of investing in substantially similar securities that are linked to the performance of only one Reference Asset or fewer Reference Assets. With more Reference Assets, it is more likely that the Final Value of any Reference Asset will be less than its Buffer Value on the Final Valuation Date than if the Notes were linked to a single Reference Asset or fewer Reference Assets.

In addition, a lower correlation between the performance of a pair of Reference Assets results in a greater likelihood that the value of one of the Reference Assets will decline to a Final Value that is less than its Buffer Value on the Final Valuation Date. Although the correlation

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-6

of the Reference Assets’ performance may change over the term of the Notes, the economic terms of the Notes, including the Buffer Value and Leverage Factor, are determined, in part, based on the correlation of the Reference Assets’ performance calculated using our internal models at the time when the terms of the Notes are finalized. All things being equal, a higher Leverage Factor and lower Buffer Values are generally associated with lower correlation of the Reference Assets. Therefore, if the performance of a pair of Reference Assets is not correlated to each other or is negatively correlated, the risk that the Final Value of any Reference Asset will be less than its Buffer Value on the Final Valuation Date is even greater despite a lower Buffer Value. Therefore, it is more likely that you will lose up to 90.00% of your initial investment at maturity.

We Have No Affiliation With Any Index Sponsor and Will Not Be Responsible for Any Actions Taken by Any Index Sponsor.

No index sponsor as specified under “Information Regarding the Reference Assets” (an “Index Sponsor”) is an affiliate of ours and no such entity will be involved in any offering of the Notes in any way. Consequently, we have no control of any actions of any Index Sponsor, including any actions of the type that could adversely affect the value of the applicable Reference Asset or any amounts payable on the Notes. No Index Sponsor has any obligation of any sort with respect to the Notes. Thus, no Index Sponsor has any obligation to take your interests into consideration for any reason, including in taking any actions that might affect the value of the Notes. None of our proceeds from any issuance of the Notes will be delivered to any Index Sponsor, except to the extent that we are required to pay an Index Sponsor licensing fees with respect to the applicable Reference Asset.

Changes that Affect the Reference Assets May Adversely Affect the Market Value of, and Return on, the Notes.

The policies of each Index Sponsor concerning the calculation of the applicable Reference Asset, additions, deletions or substitutions of the Reference Asset Constituents and the manner in which changes affecting those Reference Asset Constituents, such as stock dividends, reorganizations or mergers, may be reflected in the applicable Reference Asset and could adversely affect the market value of, and return on, the Notes. The market value of, and return on, the Notes could also be affected if an Index Sponsor changes these policies, for example, by changing the manner in which it calculates the applicable Reference Asset, or if an Index Sponsor discontinues or suspends calculation or publication of the applicable Reference Asset. If events such as these occur, the Calculation Agent may select a successor index or take other actions as discussed in the product supplement and, notwithstanding these adjustments, the market value of, and return on, the Notes may be adversely affected.

The Nasdaq-100 Index^®, Russell 2000^® Index and S&P 500^® Index Reflects Price Return, not Total Return.

The return on the Notes is based on the performance of the Nasdaq-100 Index^®, Russell 2000^® Index and S&P 500^® Index, which reflects the changes in the market prices of its Reference Asset Constituents. The Nasdaq-100 Index^®, Russell 2000^® Index and S&P 500^® Index is not a “total return” index or strategy, which, in addition to reflecting those price returns, would also reflect dividends paid on its Reference Asset Constituents. The return on the Notes will not include such a total return feature or dividend component.

The Notes are Subject to Risks Associated with Small-Capitalization Companies.

The Notes are subject to risks associated with small-capitalization companies because the Reference Asset Constituents of the Russell 2000^® Index are considered small-capitalization companies. These companies often have greater stock price volatility, lower trading volume and less liquidity than large-capitalization companies and therefore such index may be more volatile than an index in which a greater percentage of its constituents are issued by large-capitalization companies. Stock prices of small-capitalization companies are also more vulnerable than those of large-capitalization companies to adverse business and economic developments, and the stocks of small-capitalization companies may be thinly traded. In addition, small-capitalization companies are typically less stable financially than large-capitalization companies and may depend on a small number of key personnel, making them more vulnerable to loss of personnel. Small-capitalization companies are often given less analyst coverage and may be in early, and less predictable, periods of their corporate existences. Such companies tend to have smaller revenues, less diverse product lines, smaller shares of their product or service markets, fewer financial resources and less competitive strengths than large-capitalization companies and are more susceptible to adverse developments related to their products.

Risks Relating to Estimated Value and Liquidity

The Estimated Value of Your Notes Is Expected to Be Less Than the Public Offering Price of Your Notes.

The estimated value of your Notes on the Pricing Date is expected to be less than the public offering price of your Notes. The difference between the public offering price of your Notes and the estimated value of the Notes reflects costs and expected profits associated with selling and structuring the Notes, as well as hedging our obligations under the Notes. Because hedging our obligations entails risks and may be influenced by market forces beyond our control, this hedging may result in a profit that is more or less than expected, or a loss.

The Estimated Value of Your Notes Is Based on Our Internal Funding Rate.

The estimated value of your Notes on the Pricing Date is determined by reference to our internal funding rate. The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the Notes generally represents a discount from the credit spreads for our conventional, fixed-rate debt securities and the borrowing rate we would pay for our conventional, fixed-rate debt securities. This discount is based on, among other things, our view of the funding value of the Notes as well as the higher issuance, operational and ongoing liability management costs of the Notes in comparison to those costs for our conventional, fixed-rate debt, as well as estimated financing costs of any hedge positions, taking into account regulatory and internal requirements. If the interest rate implied by the credit spreads for our conventional, fixed-rate debt securities, or the borrowing rate we would pay for our conventional, fixed-rate debt securities were to be used, we would expect the economic terms of the Notes to be more favorable to you. Additionally, assuming all other economic terms are held constant, the use of an internal funding rate for the Notes is expected to increase the estimated value of the Notes at any time.

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-7

The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Based on Our Internal Pricing Models, Which May Prove to Be Inaccurate and May Be Different From the Pricing Models of Other Financial Institutions.

The estimated value of your Notes on the Pricing Date is based on our internal pricing models when the terms of the Notes are set, which take into account a number of variables, such as our internal funding rate on the Pricing Date, and are based on a number of subjective assumptions, which are not evaluated or verified on an independent basis and may or may not materialize. Further, our pricing models may be different from other financial institutions’ pricing models and the methodologies used by us to estimate the value of the Notes may not be consistent with those of other financial institutions that may be purchasers or sellers of Notes in the secondary market. As a result, the secondary market price of your Notes may be materially less than the estimated value of the Notes determined by reference to our internal pricing models. In addition, market conditions and other relevant factors in the future may change, and any assumptions may prove to be incorrect.

The Estimated Value of Your Notes Is Not a Prediction of the Prices at Which You May Sell Your Notes in the Secondary Market, if Any, and Such Secondary Market Prices, if Any, Will Likely Be Less Than the Public Offering Price of Your Notes and May Be Less Than the Estimated Value of Your Notes.

The estimated value of the Notes is not a prediction of the prices at which the Agent, other affiliates of ours or third parties may be willing to purchase the Notes from you in secondary market transactions (if they are willing to purchase, which they are not obligated to do). The price at which you may be able to sell your Notes in the secondary market at any time, if any, will be influenced by many factors that cannot be predicted, such as market conditions, and any bid and ask spread for similar sized trades, and may be substantially less than the estimated value of the Notes. Further, as secondary market prices of your Notes take into account the levels at which our debt securities trade in the secondary market, and do not take into account our various costs and expected profits associated with selling and structuring the Notes, as well as hedging our obligations under the Notes, secondary market prices of your Notes will likely be less than the public offering price of your Notes. As a result, the price at which the Agent, other affiliates of ours or third parties may be willing to purchase the Notes from you in secondary market transactions, if any, will likely be less than the price you paid for your Notes, and any sale prior to the Maturity Date could result in a substantial loss to you.

The Temporary Price at Which the Agent May Initially Buy the Notes in the Secondary Market May Not Be Indicative of Future Prices of Your Notes.

Assuming that all relevant factors remain constant after the Pricing Date, the price at which the Agent may initially buy or sell the Notes in the secondary market (if the Agent makes a market in the Notes, which it is not obligated to do) may exceed the estimated value of the Notes on the Pricing Date, as well as the secondary market value of the Notes, for a temporary period after the Issue Date of the Notes, as discussed further under “Additional Information Regarding the Estimated Value of the Notes.” The price at which the Agent may initially buy or sell the Notes in the secondary market may not be indicative of future prices of your Notes.

The Underwriting Discount, Offering Expenses and Certain Hedging Costs Are Likely to Adversely Affect Secondary Market Prices.

Assuming no changes in market conditions or any other relevant factors, the price, if any, at which you may be able to sell the Notes will likely be less than the public offering price. The public offering price includes, and any price quoted to you is likely to exclude, any underwriting discount paid in connection with the initial distribution, offering expenses as well as the cost of hedging our obligations under the Notes. In addition, any such price is also likely to reflect dealer discounts, mark-ups and other transaction costs, such as a discount to account for costs associated with establishing or unwinding any related hedge transaction.

There May Not Be an Active Trading Market for the Notes — Sales in the Secondary Market May Result in Significant Losses.

There may be little or no secondary market for the Notes. The Notes will not be listed or displayed on any securities exchange or electronic communications network. The Agent or another one of our affiliates may make a market for the Notes; however, it is not required to do so and may stop any market-making activities at any time. Even if a secondary market for the Notes develops, it may not provide significant liquidity or trade at prices advantageous to you. We expect that transaction costs in any secondary market would be high. As a result, the difference between bid and ask prices for your Notes in any secondary market could be substantial.

If you sell your Notes before the Maturity Date, you may have to do so at a substantial discount from the public offering price irrespective of the value of the then-current least performing Reference Asset, and as a result, you may suffer substantial losses.

If the Value of Any Reference Asset Changes, the Market Value of Your Notes May Not Change in the Same Manner.

Your Notes may trade quite differently from the performance of any of the Reference Assets. Any payment on the Notes will be based solely on the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset on the Final Valuation Date. Changes in the value of any Reference Asset may not result in a comparable change in the market value of your Notes. Even if the Closing Value of each Reference Asset remains equal to or greater than its Buffer Value or increases to greater than its Initial Value during the term of the Notes, the market value of your Notes may not increase by the same amount and could decline.

Risks Relating to Hedging Activities and Conflicts of Interest

There Are Potential Conflicts of Interest Between You and the Calculation Agent.

The Calculation Agent will, among other things, determine the Payment at Maturity on the Notes. We will serve as the Calculation Agent and may appoint a different Calculation Agent after the Issue Date without notice to you. The Calculation Agent will exercise its judgment when performing its functions and may have a conflict of interest if it needs to make certain decisions. For example, the Calculation Agent

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-8

may have to determine whether a market disruption event affecting a Reference Asset has occurred, and make certain adjustments if certain events occur, which may, in turn, depend on the Calculation Agent’s judgment as to whether the event has materially interfered with our ability or the ability of one of our affiliates to unwind our hedge positions. Because this determination by the Calculation Agent may affect the amounts payable on the Notes, the Calculation Agent may have a conflict of interest if it needs to make a determination of this kind. For additional information on the Calculation Agent’s role, see “General Terms of the Notes—Role of Calculation Agent” in the product supplement.

Market Disruption Events and Postponements.

The Final Valuation Date, and therefore the Maturity Date, are subject to postponement as described in the product supplement due to the occurrence of one or more market disruption events. For a description of what constitutes a market disruption event as well as the consequences of a market disruption event, see “General Terms of the Notes—Market Disruption Events” in the product supplement. A market disruption event for a particular Reference Asset will not constitute a market disruption event for any other Reference Asset.

Trading and Business Activities by TD or Its Affiliates May Adversely Affect the Market Value Of, and Any Amounts Payable On, the Notes.

We, the Agent and/or our other affiliates may hedge our obligations under the Notes by purchasing securities, futures, options or other derivative instruments with returns linked or related to changes in the value of a Reference Asset or one or more Reference Asset Constituents, and we may adjust these hedges by, among other things, purchasing or selling at any time any of the foregoing assets. It is possible that we or one or more of our affiliates could receive substantial returns from these hedging activities while the market value of the Notes declines. We or one or more of our affiliates may also issue or underwrite other securities or financial or derivative instruments with returns linked or related to changes in a Reference Asset or one or more Reference Asset Constituents.

These trading activities may present a conflict between the holders’ interest in the Notes and the interests we and our affiliates will have in our or their proprietary accounts, in facilitating transactions, including options and other derivatives transactions, for our or their customers’ accounts and in accounts under our or their management. These trading activities could be adverse to the interests of the holders of the Notes.

We, the Agent and/or our other affiliates may, at present or in the future, engage in business with one or more Reference Asset Constituent Issuers, including making loans to or providing advisory services to those companies. These services could include investment banking and merger and acquisition advisory services. These business activities may present a conflict between our, the Agent’s and/or our other affiliates’ obligations, and your interests as a holder of the Notes. Moreover, we, the Agent and/or our other affiliates may have published, and in the future expect to publish, research reports with respect to a Reference Asset or one or more Reference Asset Constituents. This research is modified from time to time without notice and may express opinions or provide recommendations that are inconsistent with purchasing or holding the Notes. Any of these activities by us and/or our other affiliates or may affect the value of a Reference Asset or one or more Reference Asset Constituents and, therefore, the market value of, and any payment on, the Notes.

Risks Relating to General Credit Characteristics

Investors Are Subject to TD’s Credit Risk, and TD’s Credit Ratings and Credit Spreads May Adversely Affect the Market Value of the Notes.

Although the return on the Notes will be based on the performance of the Least Performing Reference Asset, the payment of the amount due on the Notes is subject to TD’s credit risk. The Notes are TD’s senior unsecured debt obligations. Investors are dependent on TD’s ability to pay all amounts due on the Notes and, therefore, investors are subject to the credit risk of TD and to changes in the market’s view of TD’s creditworthiness. Any decrease in TD’s credit ratings or increase in the credit spreads charged by the market for taking TD’s credit risk is likely to adversely affect the market value of the Notes. If TD becomes unable to meet its financial obligations as they become due, investors may not receive the amounts due under the terms of the Notes.

Risks Relating to Canadian and U.S. Federal Income Taxation

Significant Aspects of the Tax Treatment of the Notes Are Uncertain.

The U.S. tax treatment of the Notes is uncertain. Please read carefully the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” herein and in the product supplement. You should consult your tax advisor as to the tax consequences of an investment in the Notes.

For a discussion of the Canadian federal income tax consequences of investing in the Notes, please see the discussion in the prospectus under “Tax Consequences — Canadian Taxation” and in the product supplement under “Supplemental Discussion of Canadian Tax Consequences” and the further discussion herein under “Summary”. If you are not a Non-resident Holder (as that term is defined in the prospectus) for Canadian federal income tax purposes or if you acquire the Notes in the secondary market, you should consult your tax advisors as to the consequences of acquiring, holding and disposing of the Notes and receiving the payments that might be due under the Notes.

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-9

Hypothetical Returns

The examples and table set out below are included for illustration purposes only and are hypothetical examples only: amounts below may have been rounded for ease of analysis. The hypothetical Percentage Changes of the Reference Assets used to illustrate the calculation of the Payment at Maturity are not estimates or forecasts of the Initial Values, the Final Values or the values of the Reference Assets on any Trading Day prior to the Maturity Date. All examples reflect the Leverage Factor of 131.90%, a Buffer Percentage of 10.00%, Buffer Value of each Reference Asset equal to 90.00% of its Initial Value, that a holder purchased Notes with a Principal Amount of $1,000 and that no market disruption event occurs on the Final Valuation Date. The actual terms of the Notes will be set forth in the final pricing supplement.

Example 1 —	Calculation of the Payment at Maturity where the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset is greater than its Initial Value.
	Least Performing Percentage Change:	5.00%
	Payment at Maturity:	= $1,000.00 + ($1,000.00 × 5.00% × 131.90%) = $1,000.00 + $65.95 = $1,065.00
	On a $1,000.00 investment, a Least Performing Percentage Change of 5.00% results in a Payment at Maturity of $1,065.95, a return of 6.595% on the Notes.

Example 2 —	Calculation of the Payment at Maturity where the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset is equal to its Initial Value.
	Least Performing Percentage Change:	0.00%
	Payment at Maturity:	At maturity, if the Least Performing Percentage Change is zero, then the Payment at Maturity will equal the Principal Amount.
	On a $1,000.00 investment, a Least Performing Percentage Change of 0.00% results in a Payment at Maturity of $1,000.00, a return of 0.00% on the Notes

Example 3 —	Calculation of the Payment at Maturity where the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset is equal to or less than its Initial Value and equal to or greater than its Buffer Value.
	Least Performing Percentage Change:	-5.00%
	Payment at Maturity:	At maturity, if the Least Performing Percentage Change is negative BUT not by more than the Buffer Percentage, then the Payment at Maturity will equal the Principal Amount.
	On a $1,000.00 investment, a Least Performing Percentage Change of -5.00% results in a Payment at Maturity of $1,000.00, a return of 0.00% on the Notes.

Example 4 —	Calculation of the Payment at Maturity where the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset is less than its Buffer Value.
	Least Performing Percentage Change:	-70.00%
	Payment at Maturity:	= $1,000.00 + [$1,000.00 × (-70.00% + 10.00%)] = $1,000.00 - $600.00 = $400.00
	On a $1,000.00 investment, a Least Performing Percentage Change of -70.00% results in a Payment at Maturity of $400.00, a loss of -60.00% on the Notes. In this scenario, investors will receive less than the Principal Amount of the Notes at maturity and may lose almost all of their investment. Specifically, investors will lose 1% of the Principal Amount of the Notes for each 1% that the Final Value of the Least Performing Reference Asset is less than its Initial Value in excess of the Buffer Percentage, and may lose up to 90.00% of the Principal Amount of the Notes. Any payment on the Notes are subject to our credit risk.

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-10

The following table shows the hypothetical return profile for the Notes on the Maturity Date, based on the hypothetical terms set forth above and assuming that the investor purchased the Notes at the public offering price and held the Notes until the Maturity Date. The hypothetical returns on the Notes illustrated in the following table are not estimates or forecasts of the Percentage Change of the Least Performing Reference Asset or the return or loss on the Notes. Neither TD nor the Agent is predicting or guaranteeing any gain or particular return on the Notes.

Hypothetical Least Performing Percentage Change	Hypothetical Payment at Maturity ($)	Hypothetical Return on Notes (%)
40.00%	$1,527.60	52.760%
30.00%	$1,395.70	39.570%
20.00%	$1,263.80	26.380%
15.00%	$1,197.85	19.785%
10.00%	$1,131.90	13.190%
5.00%	$1,065.95	6.595%
0.00%	$1,000.00	0.000%
-5.00%	$1,000.00	0.000%
-10.00%	$1,000.00	0.000%
-20.00%	$900.00	-10.000%
-30.00%	$800.00	-20.000%
-40.00%	$700.00	-30.000%
-50.00%	$600.00	-40.000%
-60.00%	$500.00	-50.000%
-70.00%	$400.00	-60.000%
-80.00%	$300.00	-70.000%
-90.00%	$200.00	-80.000%
-100.00%	$100.00	-90.000%

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-11

Information Regarding the Reference Assets

All disclosures contained in this document regarding the Reference Assets, including, without limitation, their make-up, methods of calculation, and changes in any Reference Asset Constituents, have been derived from publicly available sources. We have not undertaken an independent review or due diligence of any publicly available information with respect to any Reference Asset. The information reflects the policies of, and is subject to change by, the Index Sponsors. Each Index Sponsor, owns the copyright and all other rights to the relevant Reference Asset, has no obligation to continue to publish, and may discontinue publication of, the relevant Reference Asset. None of the websites referenced in the Reference Asset descriptions below, or any materials included in those websites, are incorporated by reference into this document or any document incorporated herein by reference.

The graphs below set forth the information relating to the historical performance of each Reference Asset. The graphs below show the daily historical Closing Values of each Reference Asset for the periods specified. We obtained the information regarding the historical performance of each Reference Asset in the graphs below from Bloomberg.

We have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the information obtained from Bloomberg. The historical performance of each Reference Asset should not be taken as an indication of its future performance, and no assurance can be given as to the Final Value of any Reference Asset. We cannot give you any assurance that the performance of the Reference Assets will result in a positive return on your initial investment.

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-12

Nasdaq-100 Index ^®

We have derived all information regarding the Nasdaq-100 Index^® (“NDX”) contained in this document, including, without limitation, its make-up, method of calculation and changes in its components, from publicly available information. Such information reflects the policies of, and is subject to change by Nasdaq, Inc. and its affiliates (collectively, “Nasdaq”) (its “Index Sponsor” or “Nasdaq”).

NDX is published by Nasdaq, but Nasdaq has no obligation to continue to publish NDX, and may discontinue publication of NDX at any time. NDX is determined, comprised and calculated by Nasdaq without regard to this instrument.

As discussed more fully in the underlier supplement under the heading “Indices – Nasdaq-100 Index^®”, NDX includes 100 of the largest domestic and international non-financial securities listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market^® based on market capitalization. NDX includes companies across major industry groups including computer hardware and software, telecommunications, retail and wholesale trade, and biotechnology, but does not contain securities of financial companies, including investment companies.

NDX is calculated under a modified capitalization-weighted methodology. The methodology is expected to retain in general the economic attributes of capitalization-weighting while providing enhanced diversification. To accomplish this, Nasdaq will review the composition of NDX on a quarterly basis and adjust the weightings of Index components using a proprietary algorithm, if certain pre-established weight distribution requirements are not met.

Historical Information

The graph below illustrates the performance of NDX from July 8, 2015 through July 8, 2025.

Nasdaq-100 Index^® (NDX)

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-13

Russell 2000^® Index

We have derived all information regarding the Russell 2000^® Index (“RTY”) contained in this document, including, without limitation, its make-up, method of calculation and changes in its components, from publicly available information. Such information reflects the policies of, and is subject to change by the Frank Russell Company (the “Index Sponsor” or “FTSE Russell”).

RTY is published by FTSE Russell, but FTSE Russell has no obligation to continue to publish RTY, and may discontinue publication of RTY at any time. RTY is determined, comprised and calculated by FTSE Russell without regard to this instrument.

As discussed more fully in the underlier supplement under the heading “Indices – The Russell 2000^® Index,” RTY measures the composite price performance of the smallest 2,000 companies included in the Russell 3000^® Index. The Russell 3000^® Index is composed of the 3,000 largest United States companies by market capitalization and represents approximately 98% of the market capitalization of the United States equity market. Select information regarding top constituents and industry and/or sector weightings may be made available by the Index Sponsor on its website. RTY’s value is calculated by adding the market values of the underlying constituents and then dividing the derived total market capitalization by the “adjusted” capitalization of RTY on the base date of December 31, 1986.

Historical Information

The graph below illustrates the performance of RTY from July 8, 2015 through July 8, 2025.

Russell 2000^® Index (RTY)

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-14

S&P 500^® Index

We have derived all information regarding the S&P 500^® Index (“SPX”) contained in this document, including, without limitation, its make-up, method of calculation and changes in its components, from publicly available information. Such information reflects the policies of, and is subject to change by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC (its “Index Sponsor” or “S&P Dow Jones”).

SPX is published by S&P Dow Jones, but S&P Dow Jones has no obligation to continue to publish SPX, and may discontinue publication of SPX at any time. SPX is determined, comprised and calculated by S&P Dow Jones without regard to this instrument.

As discussed more fully in the underlier supplement under the heading “Indices — S&P 500^® Index”, SPX is intended to provide an indication of the pattern of common stock price movement. The calculation of the value of SPX is based on the relative value of the aggregate market value of the common stock of 500 companies as of a particular time compared to the aggregate average market value of the common stocks of 500 similar companies during the base period of the years 1941 through 1943. Select information regarding top constituents and industry and/or sector weightings may be made available by the Index Sponsor on its website.

Historical Information

The graph below illustrates the performance of SPX from July 8, 2015 through July 8, 2025.

S&P 500^® Index (SPX)

PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-15

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences

The U.S. federal income tax consequences of your investment in the Notes are uncertain. No statutory, regulatory, judicial or administrative authority directly discusses how the Notes should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Some of these tax consequences are summarized below, but we urge you to read the more detailed discussion under “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” in the product supplement and discuss the tax consequences of your particular situation with your tax advisor. This discussion is based upon the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), final, temporary and proposed U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “Treasury”) regulations, rulings and decisions, in each case, as available and in effect as of the date hereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. Tax consequences under state, local and non-U.S. laws are not addressed herein. No ruling from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) has been sought as to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of your investment in the Notes, and the following discussion is not binding on the IRS.

U.S. Tax Treatment. Pursuant to the terms of the Notes, TD and you agree, in the absence of a statutory or regulatory change or an administrative determination or judicial ruling to the contrary, to characterize your Notes as prepaid derivative contracts with respect to the Reference Assets. If your Notes are so treated, you should generally recognize gain or loss upon the taxable disposition (including cash settlement) of your Notes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount you receive at such time and the amount you paid for your Notes. Such gain or loss should generally be long-term capital gain or loss if you have held your Notes for more than one year (otherwise such gain or loss should be short-term capital gain or loss if held for one year or less). The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

Based on certain factual representations received from us, our special U.S. tax counsel, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP, is of the opinion that it would be reasonable to treat your Notes in the manner described above. However, because there is no authority that specifically addresses the tax treatment of the Notes, it is possible that your Notes could alternatively be treated for tax purposes as a single contingent payment debt instrument, or pursuant to some other characterization, such that the timing and character of your income from the Notes could differ materially and adversely from the treatment described above, as described further under “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences — Alternative Treatments” in the product supplement.

Except to the extent otherwise required by law, TD intends to treat your Notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes in accordance with the treatment described above and under “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” of the product supplement, unless and until such time as the Treasury and the IRS determine that some other treatment is more appropriate.

Section 1297. We will not attempt to ascertain whether any Reference Asset Constituent Issuer would be treated as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) within the meaning of Section 1297 of the Code. If any such entity were so treated, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences might apply upon the taxable disposition of a Note. You should refer to information filed with the SEC or the equivalent governmental authority by such entities and consult your tax advisors regarding the possible consequences to you if any such entity is or becomes a PFIC.

Notice 2008-2. In 2007, the IRS released a notice that may affect the taxation of holders of the Notes. According to Notice 2008-2, the IRS and the Treasury are considering whether a holder of an instrument such as the Notes should be required to accrue ordinary income on a current basis. It is not possible to determine what guidance they will ultimately issue, if any. It is possible, however, that under such guidance, holders of the Notes will ultimately be required to accrue income currently and this could be applied on a retroactive basis. According to the Notice, the IRS and the Treasury are also considering other relevant issues, including whether additional gain or loss from such instruments should be treated as ordinary or capital, whether non-U.S. holders of such instruments should be subject to withholding tax on any deemed income accruals, and whether the special “constructive ownership rules” of Section 1260 of the Code should be applied to such instruments. Both U.S. and non-U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the significance, and the potential impact, of the above considerations on their investments in the Notes.

Medicare Tax on Net Investment Income. U.S. holders that are individuals, estates or certain trusts are subject to an additional 3.8% tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income” or “undistributed net investment income” in the case of an estate or trust, which may include any income or gain realized with respect to the Notes, to the extent of their net investment income or undistributed net investment income (as the case may be) that, when added to their other modified adjusted gross income, exceeds $200,000 for an unmarried individual, $250,000 for a married taxpayer filing a joint return (or a surviving spouse), $125,000 for a married individual filing a separate return or the dollar amount at which the highest tax bracket begins for an estate or trust. The 3.8% Medicare tax is determined in a different manner than the regular income tax. U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors as to the consequences of the 3.8% Medicare tax.

Specified Foreign Financial Assets. Certain U.S. holders that own “specified foreign financial assets” in excess of an applicable threshold may be subject to reporting obligations with respect to such assets with their tax returns, especially if such assets are held outside the custody of a U.S. financial institution. U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors as to the application of this legislation to their ownership of the Notes.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting. The proceeds received from a taxable disposition of the Notes will be subject to information reporting unless you are an “exempt recipient” and may also be subject to backup withholding at the rate specified in the Code if you fail to provide certain identifying information (such as an accurate taxpayer number, if you are a U.S. holder) or meet certain other conditions.

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-16

Non-U.S. Holders. If you are a non-U.S. holder, subject to Section 871(m) of the Code and FATCA, as discussed below, you should generally not be subject to U.S. withholding tax with respect to payments on your Notes or to generally applicable information reporting and backup withholding requirements with respect to payments on your Notes if you comply with certain certification and identification requirements as to your non-U.S. status including providing us (and/or the applicable withholding agent) a properly executed and fully completed applicable IRS Form W-8. Subject to Section 897 of the Code and Section 871(m) of the Code, as discussed below, gain realized from the taxable disposition (including cash settlement) of the Notes generally should not be subject to U.S. tax unless (i) such gain is effectively connected with a trade or business conducted by you in the U.S., (ii) you are a non-resident alien individual and are present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year of such taxable disposition and certain other conditions are satisfied or (iii) you have certain other present or former connections with the U.S.

Section 897. We will not attempt to ascertain whether any Reference Asset Constituent Issuer would be treated as a “United States real property holding corporation” (a “USRPHC”) within the meaning of Section 897 of the Code. We also have not attempted to determine whether the Notes should be treated as “United States real property interests” (“USRPI”) as defined in Section 897 of the Code. If any such entity and the Notes were so treated, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could possibly apply, including subjecting any gain to a non-U.S. holder in respect of a Note upon a taxable disposition of the Note to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis, and the proceeds from such a taxable disposition to a 15% withholding tax. Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the potential treatment of any such entity as a USRPHC and the Notes as USRPI.

Section 871(m). A 30% withholding tax (which may be reduced by an applicable income tax treaty) is imposed under Section 871(m) of the Code on certain “dividend equivalents” paid or deemed paid to a non-U.S. holder with respect to a “specified equity-linked instrument” that references one or more dividend-paying U.S. equity securities. The withholding tax can apply even if the instrument does not provide for payments that reference dividends. Treasury regulations provide that the withholding tax applies to all dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid on specified equity-linked instruments that have a delta of one (“delta-one specified equity-linked instruments”) issued after 2016 and to all dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid on all other specified equity-linked instruments issued after 2017. However, the IRS has issued guidance that states that the Treasury and the IRS intend to amend the effective dates of the Treasury regulations to provide that withholding on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid will not apply to specified equity-linked instruments that are not delta-one specified equity-linked instruments and are issued before January 1, 2027.

Based on the nature of the Reference Assets, our special U.S. tax counsel is of the opinion that the Notes should not be delta-one specified equity-linked instruments and thus should not be subject to withholding on dividend equivalents. Our determination is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this determination. Furthermore, the application of Section 871(m) of the Code will depend on our determinations on the date the terms of the Notes are set. If withholding is required, we will not make payments of any additional amounts.

Nevertheless, after the date the terms are set, it is possible that your Notes could be deemed to be reissued for tax purposes upon the occurrence of certain events affecting any Reference Asset, any Reference Asset Constituent or your Notes, and following such occurrence your Notes could be treated as delta-one specified equity-linked instruments that are subject to withholding on dividend equivalents. It is also possible that withholding tax or other tax under Section 871(m) of the Code could apply to the Notes under these rules if you enter, or have entered, into certain other transactions in respect of any Reference Asset, any Reference Asset Constituent or the Notes. If you enter, or have entered, into other transactions in respect of any Reference Asset, any Reference Asset Constituent or the Notes, you should consult your tax advisor regarding the application of Section 871(m) of the Code to your Notes in the context of your other transactions.

Because of the uncertainty regarding the application of the 30% withholding tax on dividend equivalents to the Notes, you are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding the potential application of Section 871(m) of the Code and the 30% withholding tax to an investment in the Notes.

U.S. Federal Estate Tax Treatment of Non-U.S. Holders. A Note may be subject to U.S. federal estate tax if an individual non-U.S. holder holds the Note at the time of his or her death. The gross estate of a non-U.S. holder domiciled outside the U.S. includes only property situated in the U.S. Individual non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal estate tax consequences of holding the Notes at death.

Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act. The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”) was enacted on March 18, 2010, and imposes a 30% U.S. withholding tax on “withholdable payments” (i.e., certain U.S.-source payments, including interest (and original issue discount), dividends, other fixed or determinable annual or periodical income, and the gross proceeds from a disposition of property of a type that can produce U.S.-source interest or dividends) and “passthru payments” (i.e., certain payments attributable to withholdable payments) made to certain foreign financial institutions (and certain of their affiliates) unless the payee foreign financial institution agrees (or is required), among other things, to disclose the identity of any U.S. individual with an account at the institution (or the relevant affiliate) and to annually report certain information about such account. FATCA also requires withholding agents making withholdable payments to certain foreign entities that do not disclose the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of any substantial U.S. owners (or do not certify that they do not have any substantial U.S. owners) to withhold tax at a rate of 30%. Under certain circumstances, a holder may be eligible for refunds or credits of such taxes.

Pursuant to final and temporary Treasury regulations and other IRS guidance, the withholding and reporting requirements under FATCA will generally apply to certain “withholdable payments”, will not apply to gross proceeds on a sale or disposition, and will apply to certain foreign passthru payments only to the extent that such payments are made after the date that is two years after final regulations defining the term “foreign passthru payment” are published. If withholding is required, we (or the applicable paying agent) will not be required to

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-17

pay additional amounts with respect to the amounts so withheld. Foreign financial institutions and non-financial foreign entities located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with the U.S. governing FATCA may be subject to different rules.

Investors should consult their tax advisors about the application of FATCA, in particular if they may be classified as financial institutions (or if they hold their Notes through a foreign entity) under the FATCA rules.

Proposed Legislation. In 2007, legislation was introduced in Congress that, if it had been enacted, would have required holders of Notes purchased after the bill was enacted to accrue interest income over the term of the Notes despite the fact that there will be no interest payments over the term of the Notes.

Furthermore, in 2013, the House Ways and Means Committee released in draft form certain proposed legislation relating to financial instruments. If it had been enacted, the effect of this legislation generally would have been to require instruments such as the Notes to be marked to market on an annual basis with all gains and losses to be treated as ordinary, subject to certain exceptions.

It is impossible to predict whether any similar or identical bills will be enacted in the future, or whether any such bill would affect the tax treatment of your Notes. You are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding the possible changes in law and their possible impact on the tax treatment of your Notes.

Both U.S. and non-U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the application of U.S. federal income tax laws to an investment in the Notes, as well as any tax consequences of the purchase, beneficial ownership and disposition of the Notes arising under the laws of any state, local, non-U.S. or other taxing jurisdiction (including that of TD and those of the Reference Asset Constituent Issuers).

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-18

Supplemental Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)

We have appointed TDS, an affiliate of TD, as the Agent for the sale of the Notes. Pursuant to the terms of a distribution agreement, TDS will purchase the Notes from TD at the public offering price less the underwriting discount set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement for distribution to other registered broker-dealers. Such other registered broker-dealers will offer the Notes at the public offering price set forth on the cover hereof. The underwriting discount represents the selling concessions for other dealers in connection with the distribution of the Notes. We or one of our affiliates may also pay a fee to iCapital Markets LLC, who is acting as a dealer in connection with the distribution of the Notes. TD will reimburse TDS for certain expenses in connection with its role in the offer and sale of the Notes, and TD will pay TDS a fee in connection with its role in the offer and sale of the Notes.

Conflicts of Interest. TDS is an affiliate of TD and, as such, has a ‘‘conflict of interest’’ in this offering within the meaning of Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) Rule 5121. If any other affiliate of TD participates in this offering, that affiliate will also have a “conflict of interest” within the meaning of FINRA Rule 5121. In addition, TD will receive the net proceeds from the initial public offering of the Notes, thus creating an additional conflict of interest within the meaning of FINRA Rule 5121. This offering of the Notes will be conducted in compliance with the provisions of FINRA Rule 5121. In accordance with FINRA Rule 5121, neither TDS nor any other affiliate of ours is permitted to sell the Notes in this offering to an account over which it exercises discretionary authority without the prior specific written approval of the account holder.

We, TDS, another of our affiliates or third parties may use this pricing supplement in the initial sale of the Notes. In addition, we, TDS, another of our affiliates or third parties may use this pricing supplement in a market-making transaction in the Notes after their initial sale. If a purchaser buys the Notes from us, TDS, another of our affiliates or third parties, this pricing supplement is being used in a market-making transaction unless we, TDS, another of our affiliates or third parties informs such purchaser otherwise in the confirmation of sale.

Prohibition on Sales to EEA Retail Investors

The Notes are not intended to be offered, sold or otherwise made available to and should not be offered, sold or otherwise made available to any retail investor in the European Economic Area (the “EEA”). For these purposes, a retail investor means a person who is one (or more) of: (i) a retail client as defined in point (11) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU (as amended, “MiFID II”); (ii) a customer within the meaning of Directive (EU) 2016/97, where that customer would not qualify as a professional client as defined in point (10) of Article 4(1) of MiFID II; or (iii) not a qualified investor as defined in Regulation (EU) 2017/1129, as amended. Consequently no key information document required by Regulation (EU) No 1286/2014 (the “EU PRIIPs Regulation”) for offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to retail investors in the EEA has been prepared and therefore offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to any retail investor in the EEA may be unlawful under the EU PRIIPs Regulation.

Prohibition on Sales to United Kingdom Retail Investors

The Notes are not intended to be offered, sold or otherwise made available to and should not be offered, sold or otherwise made available to any retail investor in the United Kingdom (“UK”). For these purposes, a retail investor means a person who is one (or more) of: (i) a retail client, as defined in point (8) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 2017/565 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (the “EUWA”); or (ii) a customer within the meaning of the provisions of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (the “FSMA”) and any rules or regulations made under the FSMA to implement Directive (EU) 2016/97, where that customer would not qualify as a professional client, as defined in point (8) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA. Consequently no key information document required by Regulation (EU) No 1286/2014 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA (the “UK PRIIPs Regulation”) for offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to retail investors in the UK has been prepared and therefore offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to any retail investor in the UK may be unlawful under the UK PRIIPs Regulation.

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-19

Additional Information Regarding the Estimated Value of the Notes

The final terms for the Notes will be determined on the date the Notes are initially priced for sale to the public, which we refer to as the Pricing Date, based on prevailing market conditions, and will be communicated to investors in the final pricing supplement.

The economic terms of the Notes are based on our internal funding rate (which is our internal borrowing rate based on variables such as market benchmarks and our appetite for borrowing), and several factors, including any sales commissions expected to be paid to TDS or another affiliate of ours, any selling concessions, discounts, commissions or fees expected to be allowed or paid to non-affiliated intermediaries, the estimated profit that we or any of our affiliates expect to earn in connection with structuring the Notes, estimated costs which we may incur in connection with the Notes and the estimated cost which we may incur in hedging our obligations under the Notes. Because our internal funding rate generally represents a discount from the levels at which our benchmark debt securities trade in the secondary market, the use of an internal funding rate for the Notes rather than the levels at which our benchmark debt securities trade in the secondary market is expected to have an adverse effect on the economic terms of the Notes.

On the cover page of this pricing supplement, we have provided the estimated value range for the Notes. The estimated value range was determined by reference to our internal pricing models which take into account a number of variables and are based on a number of assumptions, which may or may not materialize, typically including volatility, interest rates (forecasted, current and historical rates), price-sensitivity analysis, time to maturity of the Notes and our internal funding rate. For more information about the estimated value, see “Additional Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Estimated Value and Liquidity” herein. Because our internal funding rate generally represents a discount from the levels at which our benchmark debt securities trade in the secondary market, the use of an internal funding rate for the Notes rather than the levels at which our benchmark debt securities trade in the secondary market is expected, assuming all other economic terms are held constant, to increase the estimated value of the Notes. For more information see the discussion under “Additional Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Estimated Value and Liquidity — The Estimated Value of Your Notes Is Based on Our Internal Funding Rate.”

Our estimated value on the Pricing Date is not a prediction of the price at which the Notes may trade in the secondary market, nor will it be the price at which the Agent may buy or sell the Notes in the secondary market. Subject to normal market and funding conditions, the Agent or another affiliate of ours intends to offer to purchase the Notes in the secondary market but it is not obligated to do so.

Assuming that all relevant factors remain constant after the Pricing Date, the price at which the Agent may initially buy or sell the Notes in the secondary market, if any, may exceed our estimated value on the Pricing Date for a temporary period expected to be approximately 3 months after the Issue Date because, in our discretion, we may elect to effectively reimburse to investors a portion of the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the Notes and other costs in connection with the Notes which we will no longer expect to incur over the term of the Notes. We made such discretionary election and determined this temporary reimbursement period on the basis of a number of factors, including the tenor of the Notes and any agreement we may have with the distributors of the Notes. The amount of our estimated costs which we effectively reimburse to investors in this way may not be allocated ratably throughout the reimbursement period, and we may discontinue such reimbursement at any time or revise the duration of the reimbursement period after the Issue Date of the Notes based on changes in market conditions and other factors that cannot be predicted.

We urge you to read the “Additional Risk Factors” herein.

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC P-20

FAQ

What is the maturity date of Citigroup's Autocallable S&P 500 notes (C)?

The notes mature on 12 July 2028, unless automatically called earlier.

How much upside can investors earn on the C 424B2 notes if not called?

At maturity holders receive the greater of a 22.65% premium or 300% of the S&P 500 return above the initial level.

What downside protection do the 2025 Citigroup autocall notes provide?

Principal is protected only if the S&P 500’s final level is no more than 20% lower than the initial; beyond that losses are dollar-for-dollar.

Are the notes insured or collateralized?

No. They are unsecured senior debt of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., guaranteed by Citigroup Inc., and are not FDIC-insured.

Why is the estimated value ($972) lower than the $1,000 issue price?

The difference covers underwriting fees, structuring costs and hedging profit, reducing the note’s fair value at issuance.

Will the Citigroup autocall notes (CUSIP 17333LGC3) trade on an exchange?

No. They will not be listed; any trading depends on CGMI’s optional market making.