TRX Gold (NYSE: TRX) 2025 Form 40-F shows effective controls, no off-balance sheet

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

TRX Gold Corporation, a Canadian mining company listed on NYSE American, has filed its annual report on Form 40-F under the multijurisdictional disclosure system, using IFRS-based financial statements. The company reports that it had 284,861,895 common shares outstanding as of August 31, 2025.

Management, including the CEO and CFO, concluded that the company’s disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting were effective as of August 31, 2025, a view supported by an attestation report from independent auditor Dale Matheson Carr-Hilton Labonte LLP. The audit committee is fully independent, with Chair Norman Betts designated as a financial expert.

For the year ended August 31, 2025, audit fees totaled C$360,000 and other fees were C$20,000. The company reports no off-balance sheet arrangements, no U.S. mine safety incidents, and maintains codes of ethics for directors, employees and financial managers. Key exhibits include its annual information form, audited financials, MD&A, and an NI 43-101 technical report on the Buckreef Gold Mine project in Tanzania.

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 40-F

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025 Commission File Number 001-32500

TRX GOLD CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

British Columbia, Canada Z4

(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number		I.R.S. Employer Identification Number
1041		N/A

277 Lakeshore Road East, Suite 403

Oakville, Ontario

Canada L6J 1H9

844-364-1830

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

National Registered Agents, Inc.

1015 15th Street N.W., Suite 1000

Washington, D.C. 20005

202-572-3133

(Name, address (including zip code) and telephone number (including area code) and of agent for service in the United States

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares	TRX	NYSE American

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: NONE

For annual reports, indicate by check mark the information filed with this Form:

☒ Annual information form         ☒ Audited annual financial statements

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: 284,861,895 (as of August 31, 2025).

i 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

☒ Yes      ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 2.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

ii 

EXPLANATORY NOTE

TRX Gold Corporation ("we", "us", "our", the "Company", or “Registrant”) is a Canadian corporation that is permitted, under a multijurisdictional disclosure system adopted by the United States, to prepare this annual report on Form 40-F ("Annual Report") pursuant to Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), in accordance with disclosure requirements in effect in Canada, which are different from those of the United States. 

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report, including the Exhibits incorporated by reference into Annual Report, contains "forward-looking information" and "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of applicable Canadian and U.S. securities legislation. These forward-looking statements reflect our current view about future plans, intentions or expectations and include, in particular, statements about our plans, strategies and prospects and may be identified by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “scheduled,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “aim,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of those terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations are reasonable, we may not achieve our plans, intentions or expectations.

Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements we make in this Annual Report are set forth under the caption “Risk Factors” in our Annual Information Form filed as Exhibit 99.1. We undertake no obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this Annual Report to conform those statements to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by applicable law. You should read this Annual Report with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

DIFFERENCES IN UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN REPORTING PRACTICES

The Company is permitted, under a multijurisdictional disclosure system adopted by the United States, to prepare this Annual Report in accordance with Canadian disclosure requirements, which are different from those of the United States. The Company prepares its financial statements, which are filed with this Annual Report, in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Therefore, they are not comparable in all respects to the financial statements of United States companies that are prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles.

MINERAL RESOURCE AND MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES

Unless otherwise indicated, all mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates included in the documents incorporated by reference into this Annual Report have been prepared in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101 ("NI 43-101") and the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Classification System. NI 43-101 is a rule developed by the Canadian securities administrators, which establishes standards for all public disclosure an issuer makes of scientific and technical information concerning mineral projects. Canadian standards, including NI 43-101, differ from the requirements of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC" or “Commission”). Accordingly, mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates, and other scientific and technical information, contained in the documents incorporated by reference into this Annual Report may not be comparable to similar information disclosed by companies that have mining operations and report information pursuant SEC regulations.

RESOURCE AND RESERVE ESTIMATES

The terms “mineral reserve”, “proven mineral reserve” and “probable mineral reserve” are Canadian mining terms as defined in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101”), which references the guidelines set out in the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (the “CIM”) – CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (“CIM Standards”), adopted by the CIM Council, as amended.

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Until recently, the CIM Standards differed significantly from standards in the United States. The SEC adopted amendments to its disclosure rules to modernize the mineral property disclosure requirements for issuers whose securities are registered with the SEC under the Exchange Act. These amendments became effective February 25, 2019 (the “SEC Modernization Rules”), with compliance required for the first fiscal year beginning on or after January 1, 2021. The SEC Modernization Rules replace the historical disclosure requirements for mining registrants that were included in SEC Industry Guide 7. As a result of the adoption of the SEC Modernization Rules, the SEC now recognizes estimates of “measured mineral resources”, “indicated mineral resources” and “inferred mineral resources”. In addition, the SEC has amended its definitions of “proven mineral reserves” and “probable mineral reserves” to be “substantially similar” to the corresponding definitions under the CIM Standards, as required under NI 43-101.

United States investors are cautioned that while the above terms are “substantially similar” to the corresponding CIM Definition Standards, there are differences in the definitions under the SEC Modernization Rules and the CIM Standards. Accordingly, there is no assurance any mineral reserves or mineral resources that the Company may report as “proven mineral reserves”, “probable mineral reserves”, “measured mineral resources”, “indicated mineral resources” and “inferred mineral resources” under NI 43-101 would be the same had the Company prepared the reserve or resource estimates under the standards adopted under the SEC Modernization Rules.

United States investors are also cautioned that while the SEC now recognizes “indicated mineral resources” and “inferred mineral resources”, investors should not assume that any part or all of the mineralization in these categories will ever be converted into a higher category of mineral resources or into mineral reserves. Mineralization described using these terms has a greater amount of uncertainty as to their existence and feasibility than mineralization that has been characterized as reserves. Accordingly, investors are cautioned not to assume that any “indicated mineral resources” or “inferred mineral resources” that the Company reports are or will be economically or legally mineable. Further, “inferred mineral resources” have a greater amount of uncertainty as to their existence and as to whether they can be mined legally or economically. Therefore, United States investors are also cautioned not to assume that all or any part of the “inferred mineral resources” exist. In accordance with Canadian securities laws, estimates of “inferred mineral resources” cannot form the basis of feasibility or other economic studies, except in limited circumstances permitted under NI 43-101.

Accordingly, information contained in this Annual Report on Form 40-F and the documents incorporated by reference herein containing descriptions of the Company’s mineral deposits may not be comparable to similar information made public by U.S. companies subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements under the United States federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

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PRINCIPAL DOCUMENTS

The following documents are part of, and are hereby incorporated by reference in, this Annual Report on Form 40-F (“Annual Report”):

A. Annual Information Form

Annual Information Form or the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025, see Exhibit 99.1 to this Annual Report.

B. Audited Annual Financial Statements

Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025, and notes thereto, together with the report of the independent registered public accounting firm thereon, see Exhibit 99.2 of this Annual Report.

C. Management's Discussion and Analysis

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025, see Exhibit 99.3 of this Annual Report; and

D. Technical Report

NI 43-101 & 43-101F1 Technical Report titled “Preliminary Economic Assessment and Updated Mineral Resource Estimate of the Buckreef Gold Mine Project, Tanzania, see Exhibit 99.4 of this Annual Report.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

A. Certifications

The required certifications for the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer are attached as Exhibits 99.5, 99.6, 99.7 and 99.8 to this Annual Report.

B. Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) (principal financial officer) evaluated the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. Based on the evaluation, these officers concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. These disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, within the Company have been detected.

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C. Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting (“ICFR”) for the Company as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934. The Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) have conducted an evaluation of the design and effectiveness of the Company’s ICFR as of August 31, 2025. In making this assessment, the Company’s management used the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO 2013”). This evaluation included review of the documentation of controls, evaluation of the design and operating effectiveness of controls, and a conclusion on this evaluation. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded our internal controls over financial reporting were effective as at August 31, 2025.

Dale Matheson Carr-Hilton Labonte LLP the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, who audited and reported on our consolidated financial statements, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of August 31, 2025. The attestation report is included within the consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 40-F.

Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, within our company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake.

D. Attestation Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

See Exhibit 99.2 of this Annual Report.

E. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

Except as disclosed, during the year ended August 31, 2025, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonable likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.

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NOTICES PURSUANT TO REGULATION BTR

The Company was not required by Rule 104 of Regulation BTR to send any notices to any of its directors or executive officers during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025.

AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

Following are the members of the Audit Committee:

Norman Betts (Chair)			Independent			Financial expert
Shubo Rakhit			Independent			Financially literate
Richard Steinberg			Independent			Financially literate

The Company’s Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Norman Betts, Chair of the Audit Committee, is an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of paragraph 8(b) of General Instruction B of Form 40-F.

An Audit Committee Financial Expert must possess five attributes: (i) an understanding of IFRS and financial statements; (ii) the ability to assess the general application of such principles in connection with the accounting for estimates, accruals and reserves; (iii) experience preparing auditing, analyzing or evaluating financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the registrant’s financial statements, or experience actively supervising one or more persons engaged in such activities; (iv) an understanding of internal controls and procedures for financial reporting; and (v) an understanding of audit committee functions. Mr. Betts is an Associate Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, University of New Brunswick and a Fellow Chartered Accountant. The Company believes that all three members of the Audit Committee (Messrs. Betts, Rakhit and Steinberg) are independent within the meaning of United States and Canadian securities regulations and applicable stock exchange requirements.

CODE OF ETHICS

The Company has a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct that applies to the Company’s directors, officers, employees and consultants. In addition, the Company has a Code of Ethical Conduct for Financial Managers that applies to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controller and other persons performing similar functions. A copy of the Company’s Code of Ethics and Business Conduct and Code of Ethical Conduct for Financial Managers can be found on its website at www.trxgold.com and is filed as Exhibit 99.9. The Company undertakes to provide to any person without charge, upon request, a copy of such code of ethics by contacting Corporate Secretary, TRX Gold Corp., at www.trxgold.com.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The Company’s independent auditor for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2024 and 2023 was Dale Matheson Carr-Hilton Labonte LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants.

The following summarizes the significant professional services rendered by Dale Matheson Carr-Hilton Labonte LLP for the year ended August 31, 2024 and 2023.

Financial Year Ending August 31	Audit Fees	Audit Related Fees	Tax Fees	All Other Fees
2025	C$360,000	Nil	Nil	C$20,000
2024	C$284,000	Nil	Nil	C$20,000

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AUDIT COMMITTEE PRE-APPROVAL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

The Company’s Audit Committee pre-approves all services provided by its independent auditors. All services and fees described above were reviewed and pre-approved by the Audit Committee.

OFF BALANCE ARRANGEMENTS

The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements. See Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025, for an analysis of material cash requirements from known contractual and other obligations.

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

The Company does not operate any mines in the United States and has no mine safety incidents to report for the year ended August 31, 2025.

DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS.

None

UNDERTAKING

Registrant undertakes to make available, in person or by telephone, representatives to respond to inquiries made by the Commission staff, and to furnish promptly, when requested to do so by the Commission staff, information relating to: the securities registered pursuant to Form 40-F; the securities in relation to which the obligation to file an annual report on Form 40-F arises; or transactions in said securities.

CONSENT TO SERVICE OF PROCESS

The Company has previously filed with the SEC an Appointment of Agent for Service of Process and Undertaking on Form F-X with respect to the class of securities in relation to which the obligation to file this Form 40-F arises. Any change to the name or address of the Company's agent for service shall be communicated promptly to the SEC by amendment to the Form F-X referencing the file number of the Company.

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EXHIBITS

Exhibit		Description
99.1		Annual Information Form of the Company for the year ended August 31, 2025
99.2		Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025
99.3		Management's Discussion and Analysis for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025
99.4		NI 43-101 & 43-101F1 Technical Report titled “Preliminary Economic Assessment and Updated Mineral Resource Estimate of the Buckreef Gold Mine Project, Tanzania” (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Form 6-K for May 2025 filed with the Commission on May 27, 2025)
99.5		Certificate of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act
99.6		Certificate of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act
99.7		Certificate of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
99.8		Certificate of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
99.9		Code of Ethics (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.9 to Form 40-F filed on November 29, 2022)
99.10		Consent of Dale Matheson Carr-Hilton Labonte, LLP Chartered Professional Accountants, Vancouver, British Columbia (PCAOB 1173)
99.11		Consent of Jarita Barry, P.Geo.
99.12		Consent of Andrew Bradfield, P.Eng.
99.13		Consent of Fred Brown, P.Geo.
99.14		Consent of D. Grant Feasby, P.Eng.
99.15		Consent of Eugene Puritch, P.Eng., FEC, CET
99.16		Consent of D. Gregory Robinson, P.Eng.
99.17		Consent of William Stone, Ph.D., P.Geo.
99.18		Consent of Yungang Wu, P.Geo.
99.19		Consent of David Salari, P.Eng.
99.20		Clawback Policy (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.13 to Form 40-F filed on November 29, 2023)
99.21†		Facility Letter from Stanbic Bank Tanzania Limited (Credit Facility) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 6-K for February 2025 filed with the Commission on February 7, 2025)
99.22†		Facility Letter from Stanbic Bank Tanzania Limited (VAF Facility) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 6-K for February 2025 filed with the Commission on February 7, 2025)
99.23		At The Market Offering Agreement, dated February 7, 2025, by and among TRX Gold Corp. and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC and Roth Capital Partners (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 6-K for February 2025 filed with the Commission on February 7, 2025)
†		Certain identified information has been excluded from the exhibit because it is both not material and is the type that the Company treats as private or confidential.
101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104		Cover Page from this Annual Report on Form 40-F, formatted as Inline XBRL

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing this Form 40-F and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.

Date: December 1, 2025	TRX GOLD CORPORATION
	By:	/s/ Stephen Mullowney
		Stephen Mullowney, Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer”)

FAQ

What does TRX Gold Corporation (TRX) report in its latest Form 40-F?

TRX Gold Corporation filed its Form 40-F annual report under the Canadian-U.S. multijurisdictional disclosure system, incorporating its annual information form, audited IFRS financial statements, MD&A, and an NI 43-101 technical report on the Buckreef Gold Mine project for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025.

How many TRX Gold (TRX) shares were outstanding at the end of fiscal 2025?

TRX Gold reports that it had 284,861,895 common shares outstanding as of August 31, 2025, representing its capital structure at the close of the fiscal year.

Were TRX Gold’s internal controls and disclosure controls found effective?

Yes. Management, including the CEO and CFO, evaluated TRX Gold’s disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting using the COSO 2013 framework and concluded that both were effective as of August 31, 2025. The independent auditor issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of these controls.

Who is TRX Gold’s auditor and what were the audit fees for 2025?

TRX Gold’s independent registered public accounting firm is Dale Matheson Carr-Hilton Labonte LLP. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025, audit fees were C$360,000 and all other fees were C$20,000, with no audit-related or tax fees reported.

Does TRX Gold (TRX) have any off-balance sheet arrangements?

No. TRX Gold states that it has no off-balance sheet arrangements and directs readers to its MD&A for further discussion of material cash requirements and contractual obligations.

Did TRX Gold report any U.S. mine safety incidents for 2025?

No. TRX Gold discloses that it does not operate any mines in the United States and had no mine safety incidents to report for the year ended August 31, 2025.

What governance and ethics structures does TRX Gold highlight in this filing?

TRX Gold notes that its audit committee is fully independent, with Norman Betts designated as an audit committee financial expert. The company has a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct and a Code of Ethical Conduct for Financial Managers, applicable to directors, officers, employees, consultants and key financial personnel.