[424B2] Inverse VIX Short-Term Futures ETNs due March 22, 2045 Prospectus Supplement

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

Toronto-Dominion Bank is offering $711,000 aggregate principal amount of Callable Contingent Interest Barrier Notes maturing on 30 June 2028. The Notes are linked to the least-performing of three major U.S. equity benchmarks: Nasdaq-100 (NDX), Russell 2000 (RTY) and S&P 500 (SPX). They are senior, unsecured debt obligations of TD and are subject to the bank’s credit risk.

The Notes pay a contingent coupon of ~9.70% p.a. (calculated monthly) only when, on the corresponding observation date, the closing level of each index is at least 70 % of its initial level (the Contingent Interest Barrier). TD may call the Notes in whole, at its discretion, on any monthly payment date starting with the sixth coupon date; if called, investors receive the $1,000 principal plus any earned coupon, and no further payments.

If the Notes are not called, repayment at maturity depends on index performance. Full principal is returned only when the final level of each index is at least 60 % of its initial level (Barrier Value). If any index closes below its Barrier Value, investors incur a loss equal to the percentage decline of the worst-performing index and could lose up to 100 % of their investment.

• Issue price: $1,000 per Note; underwriting discount: $7.00; net proceeds to TD: $993.00.
• Estimated value on the pricing date: $986.10 per Note, below the public offering price.
• Denominations: $1,000 and integral multiples thereof; CUSIP 89115HH42.
• No exchange listing; secondary trading may be limited and subject to differing prices.

The product offers high conditional income and 40 % downside barrier, balanced against equity market, call, credit and liquidity risks.

Positive

• High contingent coupon of ~9.70% per annum, providing above-market income when barrier conditions are met.
• 40 % downside buffer at maturity via 60 % barrier level protects principal against moderate equity declines.
• Issuer call feature allows early return of principal plus interest, shortening duration if market conditions are favorable.
• Estimated value ($986.10) close to issue price, indicating a relatively modest initial pricing margin.

Negative

• Principal at risk: any index closing below 60 % of initial level at maturity triggers dollar-for-dollar losses, up to 100 %.
• Contingent interest is not guaranteed; a single index below 70 % on observation date cancels that month’s coupon.
• Issuer call risk: TD may redeem when Notes are performing well, capping investor return and creating reinvestment risk.
• Credit and liquidity risk: unsecured TD obligation with no exchange listing, potential difficulty exiting positions.
• Multi-index structure increases probability of missing coupons or breaching barrier compared with single-asset notes.

Insights

Structured Products Analyst

TL;DR Attractive 9.7% conditional yield and 40 % downside buffer offset by call, barrier and credit risks; overall neutral impact.

Return profile. Investors earn monthly coupons only when all three indices stay above 70 % of initial levels, a condition that historically fails during sharp market drawdowns. Because TD can call the Notes after month 6, the effective yield may be substantially lower if equity markets remain strong, limiting investors’ upside.

Downside protection. The 60 % barrier offers a 40 % cushion against index declines, but protection disappears if any single index breaches the barrier at final valuation, exposing principal to a 1-for-1 loss. The multi-asset structure increases the probability of a barrier breach compared with single-index notes.

Valuation. The $986.10 estimated value implies a 1.4 % issuer margin before distribution costs, reasonable for retail structured notes but still means an immediate mark-to-market discount. Lack of listing further constrains liquidity.

Risk considerations. Investors face TD credit risk for three years, potential loss of entire principal, and reinvestment risk if called early. These characteristics make the Notes suitable only for investors seeking contingent income and willing to accept significant equity and issuer risk.

The information in this preliminary pricing supplement is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary pricing supplement is not an
offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to completion dated June 27, 2025
July , 2025
Registration Statement Nos. 333-270004 and 333-270004-01; Rule 424(b)(2)
Pricing supplement to product supplement no. 4-I dated April 13, 2023, underlying supplement no. 1-I dated April 13, 2023, the prospectus and
prospectus supplement, each dated April 13, 2023, and the prospectus addendum dated June 3, 2024
JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC
Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the
Dow Jones Industrial Average®, the Nasdaq-100
Index® and the Russell 2000® Index due July 7, 2028
Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co.
● The notes are designed for investors who seek early exit prior to maturity at a premium if, on any Review Date, the closing
level of each of the Dow Jones Industrial Average®, the Nasdaq-100 Index® and the Russell 2000® Index, which we refer to
as the Indices, is at or above its Call Value.
● The earliest date on which an automatic call may be initiated is July 13, 2026.
● Investors should be willing to forgo interest and dividend payments and be willing to accept the risk of losing some or all of
their principal amount at maturity.
● The notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, which we refer to as
JPMorgan Financial, the payment on which is fully and unconditionally guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co. Any
payment on the notes is subject to the credit risk of JPMorgan Financial, as issuer of the notes, and the credit risk
of JPMorgan Chase & Co., as guarantor of the notes.
● Payments on the notes are not linked to a basket composed of the Indices. Payments on the notes are linked to the
performance of each of the Indices individually, as described below.
● Minimum denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples thereof
● The notes are expected to price on or about July 3, 2025 and are expected to settle on or about July 9, 2025.
● CUSIP: 48136FER9
Investing in the notes involves a number of risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-2 of the accompanying
prospectus supplement, Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum, “Risk Factors” beginning on page PS-11 of
the accompanying product supplement and “Selected Risk Considerations” beginning on page PS-4 of this pricing
supplement.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of
the notes or passed upon the accuracy or the adequacy of this pricing supplement or the accompanying product supplement,
underlying supplement, prospectus supplement, prospectus and prospectus addendum. Any representation to the contrary is a
criminal offense.
Price to Public (1)
Fees and Commissions (2)
Proceeds to Issuer
Per note
$1,000
$
$
Total
$
$
$
(1) See “Supplemental Use of Proceeds” in this pricing supplement for information about the components of the price to public of the notes.
(2) J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, which we refer to as JPMS, acting as agent for JPMorgan Financial, will pay all of the selling commissions it
receives from us to other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers. In no event will these selling commissions exceed $29.50 per $1,000 principal
amount note. See “Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)” in the accompanying product supplement.
If the notes priced today, the estimated value of the notes would be approximately $947.80 per $1,000 principal amount
note. The estimated value of the notes, when the terms of the notes are set, will be provided in the pricing supplement and
will not be less than $900.00 per $1,000 principal amount note. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing
supplement for additional information.
The notes are not bank deposits, are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency
and are not obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.

PS-1| Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the Dow Jones Industrial Average®, the
Nasdaq-100 Index® and the Russell 2000® Index
Key Terms
Issuer: JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, a direct,
wholly owned finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Guarantor: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Indices: The Dow Jones Industrial Average® (Bloomberg ticker:
INDU), the Nasdaq-100 Index® (Bloomberg ticker: NDX) and the
Russell 2000® Index (Bloomberg ticker: RTY) (each an “Index”
and collectively, the “Indices”)
Call Premium Amount: The Call Premium Amount with respect
to each Review Date is set forth below:
● first Review Date:
at least 12.25% × $1,000
● second Review Date:
at least 24.50% × $1,000
● final Review Date:
at least 36.75% × $1,000
(in each case, to be provided in the pricing supplement)
Call Value: With respect to each Index, 100.00% of its Initial
Value
Barrier Amount: With respect to each Index, 70.00% of its Initial
Value
Pricing Date: On or about July 3, 2025
Original Issue Date (Settlement Date): On or about July 9,
2025
Review Dates*: July 13, 2026, July 6, 2027 and July 3, 2028
(final Review Date)
Call Settlement Dates*: July 16, 2026, July 9, 2027 and the
Maturity Date
Maturity Date*: July 7, 2028
* Subject to postponement in the event of a market disruption
event and as described under “General Terms of Notes —
Postponement of a Determination Date — Notes Linked to
Multiple Underlyings” and “General Terms of Notes —
Postponement of a Payment Date” in the accompanying product
supplement
Automatic Call:
If the closing level of each Index on any Review Date is greater
than or equal to its Call Value, the notes will be automatically
called for a cash payment, for each $1,000 principal amount
note, equal to (a) $1,000 plus (b) the Call Premium Amount
applicable to that Review Date, payable on the applicable Call
Settlement Date. No further payments will be made on the
notes.
Payment at Maturity:
If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final
Value of each Index is greater than or equal to its Barrier
Amount, you will receive the principal amount of your notes at
maturity.
If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final
Value of any Index is less than its Barrier Amount, your
payment at maturity per $1,000 principal amount note will be
calculated as follows:
$1,000 + ($1,000 × Least Performing Index Return)
If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final
Value of any Index is less than its Barrier Amount, you will lose
more than 30.00% of your principal amount at maturity and
could lose all of your principal amount at maturity.
Least Performing Index: The Index with the Least Performing
Index Return
Least Performing Index Return: The lowest of the Index
Returns of the Indices
Index Return: With respect to each Index,
(Final Value – Initial Value)
Initial Value
Initial Value: With respect to each Index, the closing level of
that Index on the Pricing Date
Final Value: With respect to each Index, the closing level of
that Index on the final Review Date

PS-2| Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the Dow Jones Industrial Average®, the
Nasdaq-100 Index® and the Russell 2000® Index
Supplemental Terms of the Notes
Any value of any underlier, and any values derived therefrom, included in this pricing supplement may be corrected, in the event of
manifest error or inconsistency, by amendment of this pricing supplement and the corresponding terms of the notes. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary in the indenture governing the notes, that amendment will become effective without consent of the holders of
the notes or any other party.
How the Notes Work
Payment upon an Automatic Call
Review Dates
Call
Value
Compare the closing level of each Index to its Call Value on each Review Date unless previously automatically called.
The closing level of
each Index is
greater than or
equal to its Call
Value.
Automatic Call
The notes will be automatically called on the applicable Call Settlement Date and you will
receive (a) $1,000 plus (b) the Call Premium Amount applicable to that Review Date.
No further payments will be made on the notes.
The closing level of
any Index is less
than its Call Value.
No Automatic Call
The notes will not be automatically called. Proceed to the next Review Date, if any.
Payment at Maturity If the Notes Have Not Been Automatically Called
Review Dates
Final Review Date
Payment at Maturity
The Final Value of each Index is greater than
or equal to its Barrier Amount.
You will receive the principal amount of
your notes.
The notes have not
been automatically
called. Proceed to the
payment at maturity.
The Final Value of any Index is less than its
Barrier Amount.
You will receive:
$1,000 + ($1,000 × Least Performing Index
Return)
Under these circumstances, you will lose
some or all of your principal amount at
maturity.
Call Premium Amount
The table below illustrates the hypothetical Call Premium Amount per $1,000 principal amount note for each Review Date based on the
minimum Call Premium Amounts set forth under “Key Terms — Call Premium Amount” above. The actual Call Premium Amounts will
be provided in the pricing supplement and will not be less than the minimum Call Premium Amounts set forth under “Key Terms — Call
Premium Amount.”
Review Date
Call Premium Amount
First
$122.50
Second
$245.00
Final
$367.50

PS-3| Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the Dow Jones Industrial Average®, the
Nasdaq-100 Index® and the Russell 2000® Index
Hypothetical Payout Examples
The following examples illustrate payments on the notes linked to three hypothetical Indices, assuming a range of performances for the
hypothetical Least Performing Index on the Review Dates.
Solely for purposes of this section, the Least Performing Index with respect to each Review Date is the least performing of the
Indices determined based on the closing level of each Index on that Review Date compared with its Initial Value.
The hypothetical payments set forth below assume the following:
● an Initial Value for each Index of 100.00;
● a Call Value for each Index of 100.00 (equal to 100.00% of its hypothetical Initial Value);
● a Barrier Amount for each Index of 70.00 (equal to 70.00% of its hypothetical Initial Value); and
● the Call Premium Amounts are equal to the minimum Call Premium Amounts set forth under “Key Terms — Call Premium
Amount” above.
The hypothetical Initial Value of each Index of 100.00 has been chosen for illustrative purposes only and may not represent a likely
actual Initial Value of any Index. The actual Initial Value of each Index will be the closing level of that Index on the Pricing Date and will
be provided in the pricing supplement. For historical data regarding the actual closing levels of each Index, please see the historical
information set forth under “The Indices” in this pricing supplement.
Each hypothetical payment set forth below is for illustrative purposes only and may not be the actual payment applicable to a purchaser
of the notes. The numbers appearing in the following examples have been rounded for ease of analysis.
Example 1 — Notes are automatically called on the first Review Date.
Date
Closing Level of Least
Performing Index
First Review Date
110.00
Notes are automatically called
Total Payment
$1,122.50 (12.25% return)
Because the closing level of each Index on the first Review Date is greater than or equal to its Call Value, the notes will be
automatically called for a cash payment, for each $1,000 principal amount note, of $1,122.50 (or $1,000 plus the Call Premium Amount
applicable to the first Review Date), payable on the applicable Call Settlement Date. No further payments will be made on the notes.
Example 2 — Notes are automatically called on the final Review Date.
Date
Closing Level of Least
Performing Index
First Review Date
90.00
Notes NOT automatically called
Second Review Date
85.00
Notes NOT automatically called
Final Review Date
150.00
Notes are automatically called
Total Payment
$1,367.50 (36.75% return)
Because the closing level of each Index on the final Review Date is greater than or equal to its Call Value, the notes will be
automatically called for a cash payment, for each $1,000 principal amount note, of $1,367.50 (or $1,000 plus the Call Premium Amount
applicable to the final Review Date), payable on the applicable Call Settlement Date, which is the Maturity Date.
Example 3 — Notes have NOT been automatically called and the Final Value of the Least Performing Index is
greater than or equal to its Barrier Amount.
Date
Closing Level of Least
Performing Index
First Review Date
90.00
Notes NOT automatically called
Second Review Date
85.00
Notes NOT automatically called
Final Review Date
80.00
Notes NOT automatically called; Final Value of Least Performing
Index is greater than or equal to Barrier Amount
Total Payment
$1,000.00 (0.00% return)
Because the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value of the Least Performing Index is greater than or equal to its
Barrier Amount, the payment at maturity, for each $1,000 principal amount note, will be $1,000.00.

PS-4| Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the Dow Jones Industrial Average®, the
Nasdaq-100 Index® and the Russell 2000® Index
Example 4 — Notes have NOT been automatically called and the Final Value of the Least Performing Index is less
than its Barrier Amount.
Date
Closing Level of Least
Performing Index
First Review Date
80.00
Notes NOT automatically called
Second Review Date
75.00
Notes NOT automatically called
Final Review Date
50.00
Notes NOT automatically called; Final Value of Least Performing
Index is less than Barrier Amount
Total Payment
$500.00 (-50.00% return)
Because the notes have not been automatically called, the Final Value of the Least Performing Index is less than its Barrier Amount
and the Least Performing Index Return is -50.00%, the payment at maturity will be $500.00 per $1,000 principal amount note,
calculated as follows:
$1,000 + [$1,000 × (-50.00%)] = $500.00
The hypothetical returns and hypothetical payments on the notes shown above apply only if you hold the notes for their entire term
or until automatically called. These hypotheticals do not reflect the fees or expenses that would be associated with any sale in the
secondary market. If these fees and expenses were included, the hypothetical returns and hypothetical payments shown above would
likely be lower.
Selected Risk Considerations
An investment in the notes involves significant risks. These risks are explained in more detail in the “Risk Factors” sections of the
accompanying prospectus supplement and product supplement and in Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum.
● YOUR INVESTMENT IN THE NOTES MAY RESULT IN A LOSS —
The notes do not guarantee any return of principal. If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value of any Index
is less than its Barrier Amount, you will lose 1% of the principal amount of your notes for every 1% that the Final Value of the Least
Performing Index is less than its Initial Value. Accordingly, under these circumstances, you will lose more than 30.00% of your
principal amount at maturity and could lose all of your principal amount at maturity.
● CREDIT RISKS OF JPMORGAN FINANCIAL AND JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. —
Investors are dependent on our and JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s ability to pay all amounts due on the notes. Any actual or potential
change in our or JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s creditworthiness or credit spreads, as determined by the market for taking that credit
risk, is likely to adversely affect the value of the notes. If we and JPMorgan Chase & Co. were to default on our payment
obligations, you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the notes and you could lose your entire investment.
● AS A FINANCE SUBSIDIARY, JPMORGAN FINANCIAL HAS NO INDEPENDENT OPERATIONS AND HAS LIMITED ASSETS
—
As a finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co., we have no independent operations beyond the issuance and administration of
our securities and the collection of intercompany obligations. Aside from the initial capital contribution from JPMorgan Chase & Co.,
substantially all of our assets relate to obligations of JPMorgan Chase & Co. to make payments under loans made by us to
JPMorgan Chase & Co. or under other intercompany agreements. As a result, we are dependent upon payments from JPMorgan
Chase & Co. to meet our obligations under the notes. We are not a key operating subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and in a
bankruptcy or resolution of JPMorgan Chase & Co. we are not expected to have sufficient resources to meet our obligations in
respect of the notes as they come due. If JPMorgan Chase & Co. does not make payments to us and we are unable to make
payments on the notes, you may have to seek payment under the related guarantee by JPMorgan Chase & Co., and that
guarantee will rank pari passu with all other unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of JPMorgan Chase & Co. For more
information, see the accompanying prospectus addendum.
● THE APPRECIATION POTENTIAL OF THE NOTES IS LIMITED TO ANY CALL PREMIUM AMOUNT PAID ON THE NOTES,
regardless of any appreciation of any Index, which may be significant. You will not participate in any appreciation of any Index.
● POTENTIAL CONFLICTS —
We and our affiliates play a variety of roles in connection with the notes. In performing these duties, our and JPMorgan Chase &
Co.’s economic interests are potentially adverse to your interests as an investor in the notes. It is possible that hedging or trading
activities of ours or our affiliates in connection with the notes could result in substantial returns for us or our affiliates while the
value of the notes declines. Please refer to “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest” in the accompanying product
supplement.
● JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. IS CURRENTLY ONE OF THE COMPANIES THAT MAKE UP THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL
AVERAGE®,
but JPMorgan Chase & Co. will not have any obligation to consider your interests in taking any corporate action that might affect
the level of the Dow Jones Industrial Average®.
● AN INVESTMENT IN THE NOTES IS SUBJECT TO RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH SMALL CAPITALIZATION STOCKS WITH
RESPECT TO THE RUSSELL 2000® INDEX —
Small capitalization companies may be less able to withstand adverse economic, market, trade and competitive conditions relative
to larger companies. Small capitalization companies are less likely to pay dividends on their stocks, and the presence of a dividend
payment could be a factor that limits downward stock price pressure under adverse market conditions.

PS-5| Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the Dow Jones Industrial Average®, the
Nasdaq-100 Index® and the Russell 2000® Index
● NON-U.S. SECURITIES RISK WITH RESPECT TO THE NASDAQ-100 INDEX® —
The non-U.S. equity securities included in the Nasdaq-100 Index® have been issued by non-U.S. companies. Investments in
securities linked to the value of such non-U.S. equity securities involve risks associated with the home countries and/or the
securities markets in the home countries of the issuers of those non-U.S. equity securities. Also, with respect to equity securities
that are not listed in the U.S., there is generally less publicly available information about companies in some of these jurisdictions
than there is about U.S. companies that are subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC.
● YOU ARE EXPOSED TO THE RISK OF DECLINE IN THE LEVEL OF EACH INDEX —
Payments on the notes are not linked to a basket composed of the Indices and are contingent upon the performance of each
individual Index. Poor performance by any of the Indices over the term of the notes may result in the notes not being automatically
called on a Review Date, may negatively affect your payment at maturity and will not be offset or mitigated by positive performance
by any other Index.
● YOUR PAYMENT AT MATURITY WILL BE DETERMINED BY THE LEAST PERFORMING INDEX.
● THE BENEFIT PROVIDED BY THE BARRIER AMOUNT MAY TERMINATE ON THE FINAL REVIEW DATE —
If the Final Value of any Index is less than its Barrier Amount and the notes have not been automatically called, the benefit
provided by the Barrier Amount will terminate and you will be fully exposed to any depreciation of the Least Performing Index.
● THE AUTOMATIC CALL FEATURE MAY FORCE A POTENTIAL EARLY EXIT —
If your notes are automatically called, the term of the notes may be reduced to as short as approximately one year. There is no
guarantee that you would be able to reinvest the proceeds from an investment in the notes at a comparable return for a similar
level of risk. Even in cases where the notes are called before maturity, you are not entitled to any fees and commissions described
on the front cover of this pricing supplement.
● THE NOTES DO NOT PAY INTEREST.
● YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE DIVIDENDS ON THE SECURITIES INCLUDED IN ANY INDEX OR HAVE ANY RIGHTS WITH
RESPECT TO THOSE SECURITIES.
● THE RISK OF THE CLOSING LEVEL OF AN INDEX FALLING BELOW ITS BARRIER AMOUNT IS GREATER IF THE LEVEL
OF THAT INDEX IS VOLATILE.
● LACK OF LIQUIDITY —
The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. Accordingly, the price at which you may be able to trade your notes is likely
to depend on the price, if any, at which JPMS is willing to buy the notes. You may not be able to sell your notes. The notes are not
designed to be short-term trading instruments. Accordingly, you should be able and willing to hold your notes to maturity.
● THE FINAL TERMS AND VALUATION OF THE NOTES WILL BE PROVIDED IN THE PRICING SUPPLEMENT —
You should consider your potential investment in the notes based on the minimums for the estimated value of the notes and the
Call Premium Amounts.
● THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES WILL BE LOWER THAN THE ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE (PRICE TO PUBLIC) OF
THE NOTES —
The estimated value of the notes is only an estimate determined by reference to several factors. The original issue price of the
notes will exceed the estimated value of the notes because costs associated with selling, structuring and hedging the notes are
included in the original issue price of the notes. These costs include the selling commissions, the projected profits, if any, that our
affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes and the estimated cost of hedging
our obligations under the notes. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
● THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES DOES NOT REPRESENT FUTURE VALUES OF THE NOTES AND MAY DIFFER
FROM OTHERS’ ESTIMATES —
See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
● THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES IS DERIVED BY REFERENCE TO AN INTERNAL FUNDING RATE —
The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied funding
rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference may
be based on, among other things, our and our affiliates’ view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance,
operational and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income
instruments of JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may
prove to be incorrect, and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an
internal funding rate and any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any
secondary market prices of the notes. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
● THE VALUE OF THE NOTES AS PUBLISHED BY JPMS (AND WHICH MAY BE REFLECTED ON CUSTOMER ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS) MAY BE HIGHER THAN THE THEN-CURRENT ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES FOR A LIMITED TIME
PERIOD —
We generally expect that some of the costs included in the original issue price of the notes will be partially paid back to you in
connection with any repurchases of your notes by JPMS in an amount that will decline to zero over an initial predetermined period.
See “Secondary Market Prices of the Notes” in this pricing supplement for additional information relating to this initial period.
Accordingly, the estimated value of your notes during this initial period may be lower than the value of the notes as published by
JPMS (and which may be shown on your customer account statements).

PS-6| Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the Dow Jones Industrial Average®, the
Nasdaq-100 Index® and the Russell 2000® Index
● SECONDARY MARKET PRICES OF THE NOTES WILL LIKELY BE LOWER THAN THE ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE OF THE
NOTES —
Any secondary market prices of the notes will likely be lower than the original issue price of the notes because, among other
things, secondary market prices take into account our internal secondary market funding rates for structured debt issuances and,
also, because secondary market prices may exclude selling commissions, projected hedging profits, if any, and estimated hedging
costs that are included in the original issue price of the notes. As a result, the price, if any, at which JPMS will be willing to buy the
notes from you in secondary market transactions, if at all, is likely to be lower than the original issue price. Any sale by you prior to
the Maturity Date could result in a substantial loss to you.
● SECONDARY MARKET PRICES OF THE NOTES WILL BE IMPACTED BY MANY ECONOMIC AND MARKET FACTORS —
The secondary market price of the notes during their term will be impacted by a number of economic and market factors, which
may either offset or magnify each other, aside from the selling commissions, projected hedging profits, if any, estimated hedging
costs and the levels of the Indices. Additionally, independent pricing vendors and/or third party broker-dealers may publish a price
for the notes, which may also be reflected on customer account statements. This price may be different (higher or lower) than the
price of the notes, if any, at which JPMS may be willing to purchase your notes in the secondary market. See “Risk Factors —
Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — Secondary market prices of the notes will be
impacted by many economic and market factors” in the accompanying product supplement.

PS-7| Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the Dow Jones Industrial Average®, the
Nasdaq-100 Index® and the Russell 2000® Index
The Indices
The Dow Jones Industrial Average® consists of 30 common stocks chosen as representative of the broad market of U.S. industry. For
additional information about the Dow Jones Industrial Average®, see “Equity Index Descriptions — The Dow Jones Industrial Average®”
in the accompanying underlying supplement.
The Nasdaq-100 Index® is a modified market capitalization-weighted index of 100 of the largest non-financial securities listed on The
Nasdaq Stock Market based on market capitalization. For additional information about the Nasdaq-100 Index®, see “Equity Index
Descriptions — The Nasdaq-100 Index®” in the accompanying underlying supplement.
The Russell 2000® Index consists of the middle 2,000 companies included in the Russell 3000ETM Index and, as a result of the index
calculation methodology, consists of the smallest 2,000 companies included in the Russell 3000® Index. The Russell 2000® Index is
designed to track the performance of the small capitalization segment of the U.S. equity market. For additional information about the
Russell 2000® Index, see “Equity Index Descriptions — The Russell Indices” in the accompanying underlying supplement.
Historical Information
The following graphs set forth the historical performance of each Index based on the weekly historical closing levels from January 3,
2020 through June 20, 2025. The closing level of the Dow Jones Industrial Average® on June 26, 2025 was 43,386.84. The closing
level of the Nasdaq-100 Index® on June 26, 2025 was 22,447.29. The closing level of the Russell 2000® Index on June 26, 2025 was
2,172.108. We obtained the closing levels above and below from the Bloomberg Professional® service (“Bloomberg”), without
independent verification.
The historical closing levels of each Index should not be taken as an indication of future performance, and no assurance can be given
as to the closing level of any Index on the Pricing Date or any Review Date. There can be no assurance that the performance of the
Indices will result in the return of any of your principal amount.
Historical Performance of the Dow Jones Industrial Average®
Source: Bloomberg

PS-8| Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the Dow Jones Industrial Average®, the
Nasdaq-100 Index® and the Russell 2000® Index
Historical Performance of the Nasdaq-100 Index®
Source: Bloomberg
Historical Performance of the Russell 2000® Index
Source: Bloomberg

PS-9| Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the Dow Jones Industrial Average®, the
Nasdaq-100 Index® and the Russell 2000® Index
Tax Treatment
You should review carefully the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” in the accompanying product
supplement no. 4-I. The following discussion, when read in combination with that section, constitutes the full opinion of our special tax
counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, regarding the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of notes.
Based on current market conditions, in the opinion of our special tax counsel it is reasonable to treat the notes as “open transactions”
that are not debt instruments for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as more fully described in “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Consequences — Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders — Notes Treated as Open Transactions That Are Not Debt Instruments” in the
accompanying product supplement. Assuming this treatment is respected, the gain or loss on your notes should be treated as long-term
capital gain or loss if you hold your notes for more than a year, whether or not you are an initial purchaser of notes at the issue price.
However, the IRS or a court may not respect this treatment, in which case the timing and character of any income or loss on the notes
could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, in 2007 Treasury and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on the
U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar instruments. The notice focuses in particular on whether to
require investors in these instruments to accrue income over the term of their investment. It also asks for comments on a number of
related topics, including the character of income or loss with respect to these instruments; the relevance of factors such as the nature of
the underlying property to which the instruments are linked; the degree, if any, to which income (including any mandated accruals)
realized by non-U.S. investors should be subject to withholding tax; and whether these instruments are or should be subject to the
“constructive ownership” regime, which very generally can operate to recharacterize certain long-term capital gain as ordinary income
and impose a notional interest charge. While the notice requests comments on appropriate transition rules and effective dates, any
Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax
consequences of an investment in the notes, possibly with retroactive effect. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S.
federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes, including possible alternative treatments and the issues presented by
this notice.
Section 871(m) of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 871(m)”) generally impose a 30% withholding
tax (unless an income tax treaty applies) on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain
financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. Section 871(m) provides certain exceptions to this
withholding regime, including for instruments linked to certain broad-based indices that meet requirements set forth in the applicable
Treasury regulations. Additionally, a recent IRS notice excludes from the scope of Section 871(m) instruments issued prior to January
1, 2027 that do not have a delta of one with respect to underlying securities that could pay U.S.-source dividends for U.S. federal
income tax purposes (each an “Underlying Security”). Based on certain determinations made by us, we expect that Section 871(m) will
not apply to the notes with regard to Non-U.S. Holders. Our determination is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this
determination. Section 871(m) is complex and its application may depend on your particular circumstances, including whether you enter
into other transactions with respect to an Underlying Security. If necessary, further information regarding the potential application of
Section 871(m) will be provided in the pricing supplement for the notes. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the potential
application of Section 871(m) to the notes.
The Estimated Value of the Notes
The estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement is equal to the sum of the values of the following
hypothetical components: (1) a fixed-income debt component with the same maturity as the notes, valued using the internal funding
rate described below, and (2) the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes. The estimated value of the notes
does not represent a minimum price at which JPMS would be willing to buy your notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at any
time. The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied funding
rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference may be
based on, among other things, our and our affiliates’ view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance, operational
and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income instruments of
JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may prove to be incorrect,
and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an internal funding rate and
any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any secondary market prices of the notes.
For additional information, see “Selected Risk Considerations — The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Derived by Reference to an
Internal Funding Rate” in this pricing supplement.
The value of the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes is derived from internal pricing models of our
affiliates. These models are dependent on inputs such as the traded market prices of comparable derivative instruments and on various
other inputs, some of which are market-observable, and which can include volatility, dividend rates, interest rates and other factors, as
well as assumptions about future market events and/or environments. Accordingly, the estimated value of the notes is determined when
the terms of the notes are set based on market conditions and other relevant factors and assumptions existing at that time.

PS-10| Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the Dow Jones Industrial Average®, the
Nasdaq-100 Index® and the Russell 2000® Index
The estimated value of the notes does not represent future values of the notes and may differ from others’ estimates. Different pricing
models and assumptions could provide valuations for the notes that are greater than or less than the estimated value of the notes. In
addition, market conditions and other relevant factors in the future may change, and any assumptions may prove to be incorrect. On
future dates, the value of the notes could change significantly based on, among other things, changes in market conditions, our or
JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s creditworthiness, interest rate movements and other relevant factors, which may impact the price, if any, at
which JPMS would be willing to buy notes from you in secondary market transactions.
The estimated value of the notes will be lower than the original issue price of the notes because costs associated with selling,
structuring and hedging the notes are included in the original issue price of the notes. These costs include the selling commissions paid
to JPMS and other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, the projected profits, if any, that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks
inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes and the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes. Because
hedging our obligations entails risk and may be influenced by market forces beyond our control, this hedging may result in a profit that
is more or less than expected, or it may result in a loss. A portion of the profits, if any, realized in hedging our obligations under the
notes may be allowed to other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, and we or one or more of our affiliates will retain any remaining hedging
profits. See “Selected Risk Considerations — The Estimated Value of the Notes Will Be Lower Than the Original Issue Price (Price to
Public) of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
Secondary Market Prices of the Notes
For information about factors that will impact any secondary market prices of the notes, see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the
Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — Secondary market prices of the notes will be impacted by many
economic and market factors” in the accompanying product supplement. In addition, we generally expect that some of the costs
included in the original issue price of the notes will be partially paid back to you in connection with any repurchases of your notes by
JPMS in an amount that will decline to zero over an initial predetermined period. These costs can include selling commissions,
projected hedging profits, if any, and, in some circumstances, estimated hedging costs and our internal secondary market funding rates
for structured debt issuances. This initial predetermined time period is intended to be the shorter of six months and one-half of the
stated term of the notes. The length of any such initial period reflects the structure of the notes, whether our affiliates expect to earn a
profit in connection with our hedging activities, the estimated costs of hedging the notes and when these costs are incurred, as
determined by our affiliates. See “Selected Risk Considerations — The Value of the Notes as Published by JPMS (and Which May Be
Reflected on Customer Account Statements) May Be Higher Than the Then-Current Estimated Value of the Notes for a Limited Time
Period” in this pricing supplement.
Supplemental Use of Proceeds
The notes are offered to meet investor demand for products that reflect the risk-return profile and market exposure provided by the
notes. See “How the Notes Work” and “Hypothetical Payout Examples” in this pricing supplement for an illustration of the risk-return
profile of the notes and “The Indices” in this pricing supplement for a description of the market exposure provided by the notes.
The original issue price of the notes is equal to the estimated value of the notes plus the selling commissions paid to JPMS and other
affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, plus (minus) the projected profits (losses) that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent
in hedging our obligations under the notes, plus the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes.
Additional Terms Specific to the Notes
You may revoke your offer to purchase the notes at any time prior to the time at which we accept such offer by notifying the applicable
agent. We reserve the right to change the terms of, or reject any offer to purchase, the notes prior to their issuance. In the event of any
changes to the terms of the notes, we will notify you and you will be asked to accept such changes in connection with your purchase.
You may also choose to reject such changes, in which case we may reject your offer to purchase.
You should read this pricing supplement together with the accompanying prospectus, as supplemented by the accompanying
prospectus supplement relating to our Series A medium-term notes of which these notes are a part, the accompanying prospectus
addendum and the more detailed information contained in the accompanying product supplement and the accompanying underlying
supplement. This pricing supplement, together with the documents listed below, contains the terms of the notes and supersedes all
other prior or contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials including preliminary or indicative pricing terms,
correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, fact sheets, brochures or other educational materials of
ours. You should carefully consider, among other things, the matters set forth in the “Risk Factors” sections of the accompanying
prospectus supplement and the accompanying product supplement and in Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum, as the
notes involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and
other advisers before you invest in the notes.

PS-11| Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the Dow Jones Industrial Average®, the
Nasdaq-100 Index® and the Russell 2000® Index
You may access these documents on the SEC website at www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by
reviewing our filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):
● Product supplement no. 4-I dated April 13, 2023:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000121390023029539/ea152803_424b2.pdf
● Underlying supplement no. 1-I dated April 13, 2023:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000121390023029543/ea151873_424b2.pdf
● Prospectus supplement and prospectus, each dated April 13, 2023:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000095010323005751/crt_dp192097-424b2.pdf
● Prospectus addendum dated June 3, 2024:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1665650/000095010324007599/dp211753_424b3.htm
Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website is 1665650, and JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s CIK is 19617. As used in this pricing
supplement, “we,” “us” and “our” refer to JPMorgan Financial.

FAQ

What indices are the TD Callable Contingent Interest Barrier Notes linked to?

The Notes are linked to the Nasdaq-100 (NDX), Russell 2000 (RTY) and S&P 500 (SPX) indices.

How is the 9.70% contingent interest on TD’s 424B2 Notes calculated?

Interest accrues monthly at 9.70% per annum and is paid only if all three indices close at or above 70 % of their initial levels on the observation date.

When can Toronto-Dominion Bank call the Notes?

TD may call the Notes in whole, at its discretion, on any monthly payment date starting with the sixth coupon date, by giving at least three business days' notice.

What happens at maturity if one index falls below the 60% barrier?

Investors receive $1,000 plus $1,000 × (Percentage Change of the worst-performing index). They may lose their entire principal.

What is the estimated value of the Notes versus the public offering price?

The estimated value is $986.10 per $1,000 Note, which is $13.90 below the issue price.