[424B2] Inverse VIX Short-Term Futures ETNs due March 22, 2045 Prospectus Supplement

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

Galecto, Inc. (GLTO) – Form 4 insider transaction

Interim CFO Lori Firmani settled 374 restricted stock units (RSUs) on 07/03/2025, receiving an equivalent number of common shares. To satisfy withholding taxes associated with the vesting, 147 shares were automatically sold at $3.39 per share under the company’s 2020 Equity Incentive Plan, a non-discretionary sale required by plan rules. After the transactions, Firmani directly holds 692 common shares and 1,100 unvested/settled RSUs. The filing reflects routine equity compensation activity and does not signal a strategic change in insider ownership.

Insights

Securities Analyst

TL;DR: Routine RSU vesting with minor tax sale; negligible impact on GLTO valuation.

The Form 4 shows an automatic RSU settlement and tax-related sale by Interim CFO Lori Firmani. The net disposition is just 147 shares (<0.1% of shares outstanding), executed at $3.39 per share. Because the sale was mandated by the incentive plan, it provides little insight into management’s sentiment. Post-transaction ownership increases modestly through the vested shares while maintaining a sizable RSU balance (1,100 units) that further aligns the executive’s incentives with shareholders. Overall, the event is administratively important for compliance but not financially material to investors.

The information in this preliminary pricing supplement is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary pricing supplement is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to completion dated July 8, 2025

July , 2025&nbsp;Registration Statement Nos. 333-270004 and 333-270004-01; Rule 424(b)(2)

JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC
Structured Investments

Auto Callable Yield Notes Linked to the Lesser Performing of the S&P 500® Index and the Russell 2000® Index due January 12, 2027

Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co.

●The notes are designed for investors who seek a higher interest rate than the yield on a conventional debt security with the same maturity issued by us. The notes will pay at least 6.80% per annum interest over the term of the notes, assuming no automatic call, payable at a rate of at least 3.40% semiannually.

●The notes will be automatically called if the closing level of each of the S&P 500® Index and the Russell 2000® Index, which we refer to as the Indices, on any Review Date (other than the final Review Date) is greater than or equal to its Strike Value.

●The earliest date on which an automatic call may be initiated is January 7, 2026.

●Investors should be willing to accept the risk of losing some or all of their principal and be willing to forgo dividend payments, in exchange for Interest Payments.

●The notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, which we refer to as JPMorgan Financial, the payment on which is fully and unconditionally guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co. Any payment on the notes is subject to the credit risk of JPMorgan Financial, as issuer of the notes, and the credit risk of JPMorgan Chase & Co., as guarantor of the notes.

●Payments on the notes are not linked to a basket composed of the Indices. Payments on the notes are linked to the performance of each of the Indices individually, as described below.

●Minimum denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples thereof

●The notes are expected to price on or about July 9, 2025 (the “Pricing Date”) and are expected to settle on or about July 14, 2025. The Strike Value of each Index has been determined by reference to the closing level of that Index on July 7, 2025 and not by reference to the closing level of that Index on the Pricing Date.

●CUSIP: 48136FMK5

Investing in the notes involves a number of risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-2 of the accompanying prospectus supplement, Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum, “Risk Factors” beginning on page PS-11 of the accompanying product supplement and “Selected Risk Considerations” beginning on page PS-4 of this pricing supplement.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the notes or passed upon the accuracy or the adequacy of this pricing supplement or the accompanying product supplement, underlying supplement, prospectus supplement, prospectus and prospectus addendum. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 	Price to Public (1)	Fees and Commissions (2)	Proceeds to Issuer
Per note	$1,000	$	$
Total	$	$	$
(1) See “Supplemental Use of Proceeds” in this pricing supplement for information about the components of the price to public of the notes. (2) J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, which we refer to as JPMS, acting as agent for JPMorgan Financial, will pay all of the selling commissions it receives from us to other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers. In no event will these selling commissions exceed $7.25 per $1,000 principal amount note. See “Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)” in the accompanying product supplement.

If the notes priced today, the estimated value of the notes would be approximately $987.20 per $1,000 principal amount note. The estimated value of the notes, when the terms of the notes are set, will be provided in the pricing supplement and will not be less than $970.00 per $1,000 principal amount note. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement for additional information.

The notes are not bank deposits, are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency and are not obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.

Pricing supplement to product supplement no. 4-I dated April 13, 2023, underlying supplement no. 1-I dated April 13, 2023,
the prospectus and prospectus supplement, each dated April 13, 2023 and the prospectus addendum dated June 3, 2024

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Key Terms

Issuer: JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, a direct, wholly owned finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Guarantor: JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Indices: The S&P 500® Index (Bloomberg ticker: SPX) and the Russell 2000® Index (Bloomberg ticker: RTY)

Interest Payments: If the notes have not been automatically called, you will receive on each Interest Payment Date for each $1,000 principal amount note an Interest Payment equal to at least $34.00 (equivalent to an Interest Rate of at least 6.80% per annum, payable at a rate of at least 3.40% semiannually) (to be provided in the pricing supplement).

Interest Rate: At least 6.80% per annum, payable at a rate of at least 3.40% semiannually (to be provided in the pricing supplement)

Buffer Amount: 25.00%

Downside Leverage Factor: 1.33333

Strike Date: July 7, 2025

Pricing Date: On or about July 9, 2025

Original Issue Date (Settlement Date): On or about July 14, 2025

Review Dates*: January 7, 2026, July 7, 2026 and January 7, 2027 (final Review Date)

Interest Payment Dates*: January 12, 2026, July 10, 2026 and the Maturity Date

Maturity Date*: January 12, 2027

Call Settlement Date*: If the notes are automatically called on any Review Date (other than the final Review Date), the first Interest Payment Date immediately following that Review Date

* Subject to postponement in the event of a market disruption event and as described under “General Terms of Notes — Postponement of a Determination Date — Notes Linked to Multiple Underlyings” and “General Terms of Notes — Postponement of a Payment Date” in the accompanying product supplement

Automatic Call:

If the closing level of each Index on any Review Date (other than the final Review Date) is greater than or equal to its Strike Value, the notes will be automatically called for a cash payment, for each $1,000 principal amount note, equal to (a) $1,000 plus (b) the Interest Payment for the Interest Payment Date occurring on the applicable Call Settlement Date, payable on that Call Settlement Date. No further payments will be made on the notes.

Payment at Maturity:

If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value of each Index is greater than or equal to its Strike Value or less than its Strike Value by up to the Buffer Amount, you will receive a cash payment at maturity, for each $1,000 principal amount note, equal to (a) $1,000 plus (b) the Interest Payment applicable to the Maturity Date.

If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value of either Index is less than its Strike Value by more than the Buffer Amount, your payment at maturity per $1,000 principal amount note, in addition to the Interest Payment applicable to the Maturity Date, will be calculated as follows:

$1,000 + [$1,000 × (Lesser Performing Index Return + Buffer Amount) × Downside Leverage Factor]

If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value of either Index is less than its Strike Value by more than the Buffer Amount, you will lose some or all of your principal amount at maturity.

Lesser Performing Index: The Index with the Lesser Performing Index Return

Lesser Performing Index Return: The lower of the Index Returns of the Indices

Index Return:

With respect to each Index,

(Final Value – Strike Value)
Strike Value

Strike Value: With respect to each Index, the closing level of that Index on the Strike Date, which was 6,229.98 for the S&P 500® Index and 2,214.226 for the Russell 2000® Index. The Strike Value of each Index is not the closing level of that Index on the Pricing Date.

Final Value: With respect to each Index, the closing level of that Index on the final Review Date

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PS-1 | Structured Investments

Auto Callable Yield Notes Linked to the Lesser Performing of the S&P 500® Index and the Russell 2000® Index

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Supplemental Terms of the Notes

Any values of the Indices, and any values derived therefrom, included in this pricing supplement may be corrected, in the event of manifest error or inconsistency, by amendment of this pricing supplement and the corresponding terms of the notes. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the indenture governing the notes, that amendment will become effective without consent of the holders of the notes or any other party.

How the Notes Work

Payments in Connection with Review Dates Preceding the Final Review Date

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Payment at Maturity If the Notes Have Not Been Automatically Called

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PS-2 | Structured Investments

Auto Callable Yield Notes Linked to the Lesser Performing of the S&P 500® Index and the Russell 2000® Index

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Total Interest Payments

The table below illustrates the hypothetical total Interest Payments per $1,000 principal amount note over the term of the notes based on a hypothetical Interest Rate of 6.80% per annum, depending on how many Interest Payments are made prior to automatic call or maturity. If the notes have not been automatically called, the hypothetical total Interest Payments per $1,000 principal amount note over the term of the notes will be equal to the maximum amount shown in the table below. The actual Interest Rate will be provided in the pricing supplement and will be at least 6.80% per annum (payable at a rate of at least 3.40% semiannually).

Number of Interest Payments	Total Interest Payments
3	$102.00
2	$68.00
1	$34.00

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Hypothetical Payout Examples

The following examples illustrate payments on the notes linked to two hypothetical Indices, assuming a range of performances for the hypothetical Lesser Performing Index on the Review Dates. Solely for purposes of this section, the Lesser Performing Index with respect to each Review Date is the lesser performing of the Indices determined based on the closing level of each Index on that Review Date compared with its Strike Value.

The hypothetical payments set forth below assume the following:

●a Strike Value for each Index of 100.00;

●a Buffer Amount of 25.00%;

●a Downside Leverage Factor of 1.33333; and

●an Interest Rate of 6.80% per annum.

The hypothetical Strike Value of each Index of 100.00 has been chosen for illustrative purposes only and does not represent the actual Strike Value of either Index. The actual Strike Value of each Index is the closing level of that Index on the Strike Date and is specified under “Key Terms — Strike Value” in this pricing supplement. For historical data regarding the actual closing levels of each Index, please see the historical information set forth under “The Indices” in this pricing supplement.

Each hypothetical payment set forth below is for illustrative purposes only and may not be the actual payment applicable to a purchaser of the notes. The numbers appearing in the following examples have been rounded for ease of analysis.

Example 1 — Notes are automatically called on the first Review Date.

Date	Closing Level of Lesser Performing Index	 
First Review Date	105.00	Notes are automatically called
 	Total Payment	$1,034.00 (3.40% return)

Because the closing level of each Index on the first Review Date is greater than or equal to its Strike Value, the notes will be automatically called for a cash payment, for each $1,000 principal amount note, of $1,034.00 (or $1,000 plus the Interest Payment applicable to the corresponding Interest Payment Date), payable on the applicable Call Settlement Date. No further payments will be made on the notes.

Example 2 — Notes have NOT been automatically called and the Final Value of the Lesser Performing Index is less than its Strike Value by up to the Buffer Amount.

Date	Closing Level of Lesser Performing Index	 
First Review Date	95.00	Notes NOT automatically called
Second Review Date	90.00	Notes NOT automatically called
Final Review Date	80.00	Final Value of Lesser Performing Index is less than its Strike Value by up to the Buffer Amount
 	Total Payment	$1,102.00 (10.20% return)

Because the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value of the Lesser Performing Index is less than its Strike Value by up to the Buffer Amount, the payment at maturity, for each $1,000 principal amount note, will be $1,034.00 (or $1,000 plus the

PS-3 | Structured Investments

Auto Callable Yield Notes Linked to the Lesser Performing of the S&P 500® Index and the Russell 2000® Index

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Interest Payment applicable to the Maturity Date). When added to the Interest Payments received with respect to the prior Interest Payment Dates, the total amount paid, for each $1,000 principal amount note, is $1,102.00.

Example 3 — Notes have NOT been automatically called and the Final Value of the Lesser Performing Index is less than its Strike Value by more than the Buffer Amount.

Date	Closing Level of Lesser Performing Index	 
First Review Date	80.00	Notes NOT automatically called
Second Review Date	70.00	Notes NOT automatically called
Final Review Date	40.00	Final Value of Lesser Performing Index is less than its Strike Value by more than the Buffer Amount
 	Total Payment	$635.3345 (-36.46655% return)

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Because the notes have not been automatically called, the Final Value of the Lesser Performing Index is less than its Strike Value by more than the Buffer Amount and the Lesser Performing Index Return is -60.00%, the payment at maturity will be $567.3345 per $1,000 principal amount note, calculated as follows:

$1,000 + [$1,000 × (-60.00% + 25.00%) × 1.33333] + $34.00 = $567.3345

When added to the Interest Payments received with respect to the prior Interest Payment Dates, the total amount paid, for each $1,000 principal amount note, is $635.3345.

The hypothetical returns and hypothetical payments on the notes shown above apply only if you hold the notes for their entire term or until automatically called. These hypotheticals do not reflect the fees or expenses that would be associated with any sale in the secondary market. If these fees and expenses were included, the hypothetical returns and hypothetical payments shown above would likely be lower.

Selected Risk Considerations

An investment in the notes involves significant risks. These risks are explained in more detail in the “Risk Factors” sections of the accompanying prospectus supplement and product supplement and in Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum.

Risks Relating to the Notes Generally

●YOUR INVESTMENT IN THE NOTES MAY RESULT IN A LOSS —

The notes do not guarantee any return of principal. If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value of either Index is less than its Strike Value by more than 25.00%, you will lose 1.33333% of the principal amount of your notes for every 1% that the Final Value of the Lesser Performing Index is less than its Strike Value by more than 25.00%. Accordingly, under these circumstances, you will lose some or all of your principal amount at maturity.

●CREDIT RISKS OF JPMORGAN FINANCIAL AND JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. —

Investors are dependent on our and JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s ability to pay all amounts due on the notes. Any actual or potential change in our or JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s creditworthiness or credit spreads, as determined by the market for taking that credit risk, is likely to adversely affect the value of the notes. If we and JPMorgan Chase & Co. were to default on our payment obligations, you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the notes and you could lose your entire investment.

●AS A FINANCE SUBSIDIARY, JPMORGAN FINANCIAL HAS NO INDEPENDENT OPERATIONS AND HAS LIMITED ASSETS —

As a finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co., we have no independent operations beyond the issuance and administration of our securities and the collection of intercompany obligations. Aside from the initial capital contribution from JPMorgan Chase & Co., substantially all of our assets relate to obligations of JPMorgan Chase & Co. to make payments under loans made by us to JPMorgan Chase & Co. or under other intercompany agreements. As a result, we are dependent upon payments from JPMorgan Chase & Co. to meet our obligations under the notes. We are not a key operating subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and in a bankruptcy or resolution of JPMorgan Chase & Co. we are not expected to have sufficient resources to meet our obligations in respect of the notes as they come due. If JPMorgan Chase & Co. does not make payments to us and we are unable to make payments on the notes, you may have to seek payment under the related guarantee by JPMorgan Chase & Co., and that guarantee will rank pari passu with all other unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of JPMorgan Chase & Co. For more information, see the accompanying prospectus addendum.

PS-4 | Structured Investments

Auto Callable Yield Notes Linked to the Lesser Performing of the S&P 500® Index and the Russell 2000® Index

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●THE APPRECIATION POTENTIAL OF THE NOTES IS LIMITED TO THE SUM OF THE INTEREST PAYMENTS PAID OVER THE TERM OF THE NOTES,

regardless of any appreciation of either Index, which may be significant. You will not participate in any appreciation of either Index.

●YOU ARE EXPOSED TO THE RISK OF DECLINE IN THE LEVEL OF EACH INDEX —

Payments on the notes are not linked to a basket composed of the Indices and are contingent upon the performance of each individual Index. Poor performance by either of the Indices over the term of the notes may result in the notes not being automatically called on a Review Date, may negatively affect your payment at maturity and will not be offset or mitigated by positive performance by the other Index.

●YOUR PAYMENT AT MATURITY WILL BE DETERMINED BY THE LESSER PERFORMING INDEX.

●THE AUTOMATIC CALL FEATURE MAY FORCE A POTENTIAL EARLY EXIT —

If your notes are automatically called, the term of the notes may be reduced to as short as approximately six months and you will not receive any Interest Payments after the applicable Call Settlement Date. There is no guarantee that you would be able to reinvest the proceeds from an investment in the notes at a comparable return and/or with a comparable interest rate for a similar level of risk. Even in cases where the notes are called before maturity, you are not entitled to any fees and commissions described on the front cover of this pricing supplement.

●YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE DIVIDENDS ON THE SECURITIES INCLUDED IN EITHER INDEX OR HAVE ANY RIGHTS WITH RESPECT TO THOSE SECURITIES.

●LACK OF LIQUIDITY —

The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. Accordingly, the price at which you may be able to trade your notes is likely to depend on the price, if any, at which JPMS is willing to buy the notes. You may not be able to sell your notes. The notes are not designed to be short-term trading instruments. Accordingly, you should be able and willing to hold your notes to maturity.

●THE FINAL TERMS AND VALUATION OF THE NOTES WILL BE PROVIDED IN THE PRICING SUPPLEMENT —

You should consider your potential investment in the notes based on the minimums for the estimated value of the notes and the Interest Rate.

Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest

●POTENTIAL CONFLICTS —

We and our affiliates play a variety of roles in connection with the notes. In performing these duties, our and JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s economic interests are potentially adverse to your interests as an investor in the notes. It is possible that hedging or trading activities of ours or our affiliates in connection with the notes could result in substantial returns for us or our affiliates while the value of the notes declines. Please refer to “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest” in the accompanying product supplement.

Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes

●THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES WILL BE LOWER THAN THE ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE (PRICE TO PUBLIC) OF THE NOTES —

The estimated value of the notes is only an estimate determined by reference to several factors. The original issue price of the notes will exceed the estimated value of the notes because costs associated with selling, structuring and hedging the notes are included in the original issue price of the notes. These costs include the selling commissions, the projected profits, if any, that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes and the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.

●THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES DOES NOT REPRESENT FUTURE VALUES OF THE NOTES AND MAY DIFFER FROM OTHERS’ ESTIMATES —

See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.

●THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES IS DERIVED BY REFERENCE TO AN INTERNAL FUNDING RATE —

The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied funding rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference may

PS-5 | Structured Investments

Auto Callable Yield Notes Linked to the Lesser Performing of the S&P 500® Index and the Russell 2000® Index

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be based on, among other things, our and our affiliates’ view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance, operational and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income instruments of JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may prove to be incorrect, and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an internal funding rate and any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any secondary market prices of the notes. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.

●THE VALUE OF THE NOTES AS PUBLISHED BY JPMS (AND WHICH MAY BE REFLECTED ON CUSTOMER ACCOUNT STATEMENTS) MAY BE HIGHER THAN THE THEN-CURRENT ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES FOR A LIMITED TIME PERIOD —

We generally expect that some of the costs included in the original issue price of the notes will be partially paid back to you in connection with any repurchases of your notes by JPMS in an amount that will decline to zero over an initial predetermined period. See “Secondary Market Prices of the Notes” in this pricing supplement for additional information relating to this initial period. Accordingly, the estimated value of your notes during this initial period may be lower than the value of the notes as published by JPMS (and which may be shown on your customer account statements).

●SECONDARY MARKET PRICES OF THE NOTES WILL LIKELY BE LOWER THAN THE ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE OF THE NOTES —

Any secondary market prices of the notes will likely be lower than the original issue price of the notes because, among other things, secondary market prices take into account our internal secondary market funding rates for structured debt issuances and, also, because secondary market prices may exclude selling commissions, projected hedging profits, if any, and estimated hedging costs that are included in the original issue price of the notes. As a result, the price, if any, at which JPMS will be willing to buy the notes from you in secondary market transactions, if at all, is likely to be lower than the original issue price. Any sale by you prior to the Maturity Date could result in a substantial loss to you.

●SECONDARY MARKET PRICES OF THE NOTES WILL BE IMPACTED BY MANY ECONOMIC AND MARKET FACTORS —

The secondary market price of the notes during their term will be impacted by a number of economic and market factors, which may either offset or magnify each other, aside from the selling commissions, projected hedging profits, if any, estimated hedging costs and the levels of the Indices. Additionally, independent pricing vendors and/or third party broker-dealers may publish a price for the notes, which may also be reflected on customer account statements. This price may be different (higher or lower) than the price of the notes, if any, at which JPMS may be willing to purchase your notes in the secondary market. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — Secondary market prices of the notes will be impacted by many economic and market factors” in the accompanying product supplement.

Risks Relating to the Indices

●JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. IS CURRENTLY ONE OF THE COMPANIES THAT MAKE UP THE S&P 500® INDEX,

but JPMorgan Chase & Co. will not have any obligation to consider your interests in taking any corporate action that might affect the level of the S&P 500® Index.

●AN INVESTMENT IN THE NOTES IS SUBJECT TO RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH SMALL CAPITALIZATION STOCKS WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSELL 2000® INDEX —

Small capitalization companies may be less able to withstand adverse economic, market, trade and competitive conditions relative to larger companies. Small capitalization companies are less likely to pay dividends on their stocks, and the presence of a dividend payment could be a factor that limits downward stock price pressure under adverse market conditions.

PS-6 | Structured Investments

Auto Callable Yield Notes Linked to the Lesser Performing of the S&P 500® Index and the Russell 2000® Index

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The Indices

The S&P 500® Index consists of stocks of 500 companies selected to provide a performance benchmark for the U.S. equity markets. For additional information about the S&P 500® Index, see “Equity Index Descriptions — The S&P U.S. Indices” in the accompanying underlying supplement.

The Russell 2000® Index consists of the middle 2,000 companies included in the Russell 3000E™ Index and, as a result of the index calculation methodology, consists of the smallest 2,000 companies included in the Russell 3000® Index. The Russell 2000® Index is designed to track the performance of the small capitalization segment of the U.S. equity market. For additional information about the Russell 2000® Index, see “Equity Index Descriptions — The Russell Indices” in the accompanying underlying supplement.

Historical Information

The following graphs set forth the historical performance of each Index based on the weekly historical closing levels from January 3, 2020 through July 3, 2025. The closing level of the S&P 500® Index on July 7, 2025 was 6,229.98. The closing level of the Russell 2000® Index on July 7, 2025 was 2,214.226. We obtained the closing levels above and below from the Bloomberg Professional® service (“Bloomberg”), without independent verification.

The historical closing levels of each Index should not be taken as an indication of future performance, and no assurance can be given as to the closing level of either Index on any Review Date. There can be no assurance that the performance of the Indices will result in the return of any of your principal amount.

PS-7 | Structured Investments

Auto Callable Yield Notes Linked to the Lesser Performing of the S&P 500® Index and the Russell 2000® Index

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Tax Treatment

You should review carefully the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” in the accompanying product supplement no. 4-I. Based on the advice of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, our special tax counsel, and on current market conditions, in determining our reporting responsibilities we intend to treat the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes as units each comprising: (x) a cash-settled Put Option written by you that is terminated if an automatic call occurs and that, if not terminated, in circumstances where the payment due at maturity is less than $1,000 (excluding accrued but unpaid interest), requires you to pay us an amount equal to that difference and (y) a Deposit of $1,000 per $1,000 principal amount note to secure your potential obligation under the Put Option, as more fully described in “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences — Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders — Notes Treated as Units Each Comprising a Put Option and a Deposit” in the accompanying product supplement, and in particular in the subsection thereof entitled “— Notes with a Term of More than One Year.” By purchasing the notes, you agree (in the absence of an administrative determination or judicial ruling to the contrary) to follow this treatment and the allocation described in the following paragraph. However, there are other reasonable treatments that the IRS or a court may adopt, in which case the timing and character of any income or loss on the notes could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, in 2007 Treasury and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar instruments. The notice focuses on a number of issues, the most relevant of which for investors in the notes are the character of income or loss (including whether the Put Premium might be currently included as ordinary income) and the degree, if any, to which income realized by non-U.S. investors should be subject to withholding tax. While it is not clear whether the notes would be viewed as similar to the typical prepaid forward contract described in the notice, it is possible that any Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the notes, possibly with retroactive effect.

We will determine the portion of each Interest Payment on the notes that we will allocate to interest on the Deposit and to Put Premium, respectively, and will provide that allocation in the pricing supplement for the notes. If the notes had priced on July 7, 2025, we would have allocated approximately 69.71% of each Interest Payment to interest on the Deposit and the remainder to Put Premium. The actual allocation that we will determine for the notes may differ from this hypothetical allocation, and will depend upon a variety of factors, including actual market conditions and our borrowing costs for debt instruments of comparable maturities on the Pricing Date. Assuming that the treatment of the notes as units each comprising a Put Option and a Deposit is respected, amounts treated as interest on the Deposit will be taxed as ordinary income, while the Put Premium will not be taken into account prior to sale or settlement, including a settlement following an automatic call.

Section 871(m) of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 871(m)”) generally impose a 30% withholding tax (unless an income tax treaty applies) on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. Section 871(m) provides certain exceptions to this withholding regime, including for instruments linked to certain broad-based indices that meet requirements set forth in the applicable Treasury regulations. Additionally, a recent IRS notice excludes from the scope of Section 871(m) instruments issued prior to January 1, 2027 that do not have a delta of one with respect to underlying securities that could pay U.S.-source dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes (each an “Underlying Security”). Based on certain determinations made by us, we expect that Section 871(m) will not apply to the notes with regard to Non-U.S. Holders. Our determination is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this determination. Section 871(m) is complex and its application may depend on your particular circumstances, including whether you enter into other transactions with respect to an Underlying Security. If necessary, further information regarding the potential application of Section 871(m) will be provided in the pricing supplement for the notes. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the potential application of Section 871(m) to the notes.

The discussions above and in the accompanying product supplement do not address the consequences to taxpayers subject to special tax accounting rules under Section 451(b) of the Code. You should consult your tax adviser regarding all aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes, including possible alternative treatments and the issues presented by the 2007 notice. Purchasers who are not initial purchasers of notes at the issue price should also consult their tax advisers with respect to the tax consequences of an investment in the notes, including possible alternative treatments, as well as the allocation of the purchase price of the notes between the Deposit and the Put Option.

The Estimated Value of the Notes

The estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement is equal to the sum of the values of the following hypothetical components: (1) a fixed-income debt component with the same maturity as the notes, valued using the internal funding rate described below, and (2) the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes. The estimated value of the notes does not represent a minimum price at which JPMS would be willing to buy your notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at any time. The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied funding rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference

PS-8 | Structured Investments

Auto Callable Yield Notes Linked to the Lesser Performing of the S&P 500® Index and the Russell 2000® Index

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may be based on, among other things, our and our affiliates’ view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance, operational and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income instruments of JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may prove to be incorrect, and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an internal funding rate and any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any secondary market prices of the notes. For additional information, see “Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Derived by Reference to an Internal Funding Rate” in this pricing supplement.

The value of the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes is derived from internal pricing models of our affiliates. These models are dependent on inputs such as the traded market prices of comparable derivative instruments and on various other inputs, some of which are market-observable, and which can include volatility, dividend rates, interest rates and other factors, as well as assumptions about future market events and/or environments. Accordingly, the estimated value of the notes is determined when the terms of the notes are set based on market conditions and other relevant factors and assumptions existing at that time.

The estimated value of the notes does not represent future values of the notes and may differ from others’ estimates. Different pricing models and assumptions could provide valuations for the notes that are greater than or less than the estimated value of the notes. In addition, market conditions and other relevant factors in the future may change, and any assumptions may prove to be incorrect. On future dates, the value of the notes could change significantly based on, among other things, changes in market conditions, our or JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s creditworthiness, interest rate movements and other relevant factors, which may impact the price, if any, at which JPMS would be willing to buy notes from you in secondary market transactions.

The estimated value of the notes will be lower than the original issue price of the notes because costs associated with selling, structuring and hedging the notes are included in the original issue price of the notes. These costs include the selling commissions paid to JPMS and other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, the projected profits, if any, that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes and the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes. Because hedging our obligations entails risk and may be influenced by market forces beyond our control, this hedging may result in a profit that is more or less than expected, or it may result in a loss. A portion of the profits, if any, realized in hedging our obligations under the notes may be allowed to other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, and we or one or more of our affiliates will retain any remaining hedging profits. See “Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The Estimated Value of the Notes Will Be Lower Than the Original Issue Price (Price to Public) of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.

Secondary Market Prices of the Notes

For information about factors that will impact any secondary market prices of the notes, see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — Secondary market prices of the notes will be impacted by many economic and market factors” in the accompanying product supplement. In addition, we generally expect that some of the costs included in the original issue price of the notes will be partially paid back to you in connection with any repurchases of your notes by JPMS in an amount that will decline to zero over an initial predetermined period. These costs can include selling commissions, projected hedging profits, if any, and, in some circumstances, estimated hedging costs and our internal secondary market funding rates for structured debt issuances. This initial predetermined time period is intended to be the shorter of six months and one-half of the stated term of the notes. The length of any such initial period reflects the structure of the notes, whether our affiliates expect to earn a profit in connection with our hedging activities, the estimated costs of hedging the notes and when these costs are incurred, as determined by our affiliates. See “Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The Value of the Notes as Published by JPMS (and Which May Be Reflected on Customer Account Statements) May Be Higher Than the Then-Current Estimated Value of the Notes for a Limited Time Period” in this pricing supplement.

Supplemental Use of Proceeds

The notes are offered to meet investor demand for products that reflect the risk-return profile and market exposure provided by the notes. See “How the Notes Work” and “Hypothetical Payout Examples” in this pricing supplement for an illustration of the risk-return profile of the notes and “The Indices” in this pricing supplement for a description of the market exposure provided by the notes.

The original issue price of the notes is equal to the estimated value of the notes plus the selling commissions paid to JPMS and other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, plus (minus) the projected profits (losses) that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes, plus the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes.

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PS-9 | Structured Investments

Auto Callable Yield Notes Linked to the Lesser Performing of the S&P 500® Index and the Russell 2000® Index

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Additional Terms Specific to the Notes

You may revoke your offer to purchase the notes at any time prior to the time at which we accept such offer by notifying the applicable agent. We reserve the right to change the terms of, or reject any offer to purchase, the notes prior to their issuance. In the event of any changes to the terms of the notes, we will notify you and you will be asked to accept such changes in connection with your purchase. You may also choose to reject such changes, in which case we may reject your offer to purchase.

You should read this pricing supplement together with the accompanying prospectus, as supplemented by the accompanying prospectus supplement relating to our Series A medium-term notes of which these notes are a part, the accompanying prospectus addendum and the more detailed information contained in the accompanying product supplement and the accompanying underlying supplement. This pricing supplement, together with the documents listed below, contains the terms of the notes and supersedes all other prior or contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials including preliminary or indicative pricing terms, correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, fact sheets, brochures or other educational materials of ours. You should carefully consider, among other things, the matters set forth in the “Risk Factors” sections of the accompanying prospectus supplement and the accompanying product supplement and in Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum, as the notes involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the notes.

You may access these documents on the SEC website at www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):

●Product supplement no. 4-I dated April 13, 2023:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000121390023029539/ea152803_424b2.pdf

●Underlying supplement no. 1-I dated April 13, 2023:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000121390023029543/ea151873_424b2.pdf

●Prospectus supplement and prospectus, each dated April 13, 2023:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000095010323005751/crt_dp192097-424b2.pdf

●Prospectus addendum dated June 3, 2024:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1665650/000095010324007599/dp211753_424b3.htm

Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website is 1665650, and JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s CIK is 19617. As used in this pricing supplement, “we,” “us” and “our” refer to JPMorgan Financial.

PS-10 | Structured Investments

Auto Callable Yield Notes Linked to the Lesser Performing of the S&P 500® Index and the Russell 2000® Index

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FAQ

How many GLTO shares did the Interim CFO acquire and sell?

Lori Firmani acquired 374 shares through RSU settlement and automatically sold 147 shares to cover taxes.

What price were the GLTO shares sold for in the Form 4 filing?

The tax-related sale was executed at $3.39 per share.

How many GLTO shares does the CFO now directly own?

After the reported transactions, Firmani directly owns 692 common shares.

Does the Form 4 indicate discretionary insider selling?

No. The sale was mandated under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan to cover withholding taxes, not a discretionary trade.

How many restricted stock units remain outstanding for the CFO?

Firmani still holds 1,100 RSUs that will vest in future periods, subject to continued employment.