[10-Q] Wd-40 Co Quarterly Earnings Report

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

WD-40 Company (NASDAQ: WDFC) reported solid year-to-date results for FY-2025 Q3 (nine months ended 31-May-2025), highlighted by topline growth, margin expansion and a one-off tax benefit.

Income statement: Net sales rose 5 % year-to-date to $456.5 million (Q3 alone +1 % to $156.9 million), driven mainly by price/mix and volume recovery in maintenance products. Gross profit climbed 9 % to $251.9 million, lifting gross margin 210 bp to 55.2 % (Q3 margin 56.1 %). Operating expenses grew 11 % (higher SG&A and advertising), but operating income still advanced 5 % to $75.8 million. A $11.9 million release of an uncertain tax position cut the effective tax rate to 5.9 %, pushing net income up 32 % to $69.8 million and diluted EPS to $5.13 (vs. $3.88).

Segment trends:

• Americas revenue +5 % YTD to $213.1 million, supported by WD-40 Multi-Use (+6 %) and Specialist lines (+9 %).
• EIMEA revenue +7 % to $173.8 million; strong price/mix and volume recovery offset Q3 currency headwinds.
• Asia-Pacific essentially flat at $69.6 million; modest growth in Specialist offset softness in other maintenance lines.

Balance sheet & cash flow: Cash rose to $51.7 million; net cash from operations was $58.0 million. Total debt stands at $95.8 million (net leverage <1× EBITDA); all covenants met. Shareholder returns totaled $47.2 million (dividends $37.5 million; buybacks $9.7 million). The existing $50 million repurchase authorization was extended one year to 31-Aug-2026; $32.2 million remains.

Strategic actions: Certain homecare & cleaning brands (inventory, goodwill and intangibles worth $9.3 million) were classified as held for sale, signalling continued portfolio focus on core maintenance products. The UK subsidiary changed functional currency to the Euro, simplifying reporting.

Guidance/Outlook: Management reiterated its four-by-four strategic framework, emphasising gross margin above 55 % and continued investment in brand building. Inflation, FX volatility and HCCP divestiture timing remain key watch-points.

Positive

• Gross margin expanded 210 bp YTD to 55.2 %, exceeding management’s long-term goal.
• Net income and diluted EPS up 32 % YTD, supported by operating leverage and a $11.9 m tax benefit.
• Operating cash flow of $58.0 million comfortably funded dividends and buybacks.
• Americas and EIMEA segments delivered 5–7 % revenue growth, demonstrating brand resilience despite macro headwinds.
• Board extended $50 million share-repurchase plan to August 2026; $32.2 million still authorized.

Negative

• Operating expenses rose 11 % YTD, outpacing sales and pressuring operating leverage.
• Homecare & Cleaning Products revenue fell 11 %, and related assets are being sold, signaling weakness in that category.
• EIMEA quarterly sales declined 5 % on currency pressure and softer distributor orders.
• EPS boost heavily reliant on one-off tax reversal; underlying earnings growth is mid-single digit.
• Total debt remains at $95.8 million; although manageable, interest expense still exceeds interest income.

Insights

Equity Research Analyst

TL;DR YTD revenue +5 %, margins >55 %, EPS boosted by $11.9 m tax release; core maintenance portfolio healthy, HCCP divestiture pending.

Assessment: The quarter reinforces WD-40’s pricing power and resilient demand for its maintenance brands. Gross margin surpassed the company’s long-term 55 % target, aided by easing input costs and favourable mix. Operating spend ran hot (+11 %) as the firm reinvests in marketing and digital, but leverage remains low and cash generation solid.
The $11.9 million tax reversal is non-recurring; adjusting for it, EPS growth is ~10 % YTD—still respectable. Americas and EIMEA delivered mid-single-digit growth; Asia-Pac is lagging. The decision to dispose of lower-margin HCCP assets should further sharpen focus and potentially lift margin profile, though divestiture proceeds and timing are still unknown.

Valuation impact: Results are modestly positive; consensus EPS estimates may tick up slightly, but investors will likely back out the tax item. Shares trade at a premium (~32× forward EPS); sustained gross-margin gains and incremental capital returns could justify the multiple.

Portfolio Manager – Small/Mid Cap

TL;DR Clean quarter: steady sales, better margins, disciplined capital return; limited catalysts beyond tax windfall.

The print is constructive but not game-changing. Organic growth remains in the low-single digits; currency shaved ~1 % from YTD sales. The margin beat is encouraging; however, SG&A creep bears monitoring. Debt ladder is comfortable (no major maturities until 2027) and liquidity ample.

Strategically, exiting HCCP fits the long-standing ‘blue and yellow can’ narrative, yet the assets are small (<3 % of sales). Primary risk is valuation stretch versus peers amid modest top-line growth. Absent further margin upside or accretive M&A, share performance may track dividend/buyback yield (~2 % cash + buyback).

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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

þ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended May 31, 2025

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number: 000-06936

Commission Company Name: WD 40 CO

WD-40 COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware			95-1797918
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
9715 Businesspark Avenue, San Diego, California			92131
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (619) 275-1400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol

Name of exchange on which registered

Common stock, par value $0.001 per share

WDFC

NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company o

Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes o No þ

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, as of July 3, 2025 was 13,533,864.

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WD-40 COMPANY

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

For the Quarter Ended May 31, 2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
						Page
Item 1.			Financial Statements (Unaudited)
			Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets			3
			Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations			4
			Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income			5
			Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity			6
			Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			8
			Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements			9
Item 2.			Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			22
Item 3.			Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			39
Item 4.			Controls and Procedures			39
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.			Legal Proceedings			40
Item 1A.			Risk Factors			40
Item 2.			Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			40
Item 5.			Other Information			40
Item 6.			Exhibits			41

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PART 1 — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.    Financial Statements

WD-40 COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited and in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

			May 31, 2025						August 31, 2024
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents			$	51,682					$	46,699
Trade and other accounts receivable, net			112,409						117,493
Inventories			77,249						79,088
Other current assets			25,117						12,161
Total current assets			266,457						255,441
Property and equipment, net			60,101						62,983
Goodwill			96,951						96,985
Other intangible assets, net			2,356						6,222
Right-of-use assets			13,492						11,611
Deferred tax assets, net			1,068						993
Other assets			15,527						14,804
Total assets			$	455,952					$	449,039
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable			$	27,801					$	35,960
Accrued liabilities			29,091						31,272
Accrued payroll and related expenses			25,962						26,055
Short-term borrowings			10,264						8,659
Income taxes payable			603						1,554
Total current liabilities			93,721						103,500
Long-term borrowings			85,562						85,977
Deferred tax liabilities, net			9,766						9,066
Long-term operating lease liabilities			8,388						5,904
Other long-term liabilities			1,453						14,066
Total liabilities			198,890						218,513
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock — authorized 36,000,000 shares, $0.001 par value; 19,954,495 and 19,925,212 shares issued at May 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024, respectively; and 13,538,864 and 13,548,581 shares outstanding at May 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024, respectively			20						20
Additional paid-in capital			178,475						175,642
Retained earnings			532,180						499,931
Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(28,075)						(29,268)
Common stock held in treasury, at cost — 6,415,631 and 6,376,631 shares at May 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024, respectively			(425,538)						(415,799)
Total stockholders’ equity			257,062						230,526
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity			$	455,952					$	449,039

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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WD-40 COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited and in thousands, except per share amounts)

			Three Months Ended May 31,												Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
Net sales			$	156,915					$	155,045					$	456,514					$	434,566
Cost of products sold			68,804						72,657						204,600						203,684
Gross profit			88,111						82,388						251,914						230,882
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative			51,541						45,564						151,054						134,722
Advertising and sales promotion			9,160						9,345						24,957						23,053
Amortization of definite-lived intangible assets			45						303						136						806
Total operating expenses			60,746						55,212						176,147						158,581
Income from operations			27,365						27,176						75,767						72,301
Other income (expense):
Interest income			104						136						358						276
Interest expense			(887)						(1,182)						(2,781)						(3,336)
Other income (expense), net			880						(283)						813						(516)
Income before income taxes			27,462						25,847						74,157						68,725
Provision for income taxes			6,485						6,005						4,404						15,865
Net income			$	20,977					$	19,842					$	69,753					$	52,860
Earnings per common share:
Basic			$	1.54					$	1.46					$	5.13					$	3.89
Diluted			$	1.54					$	1.46					$	5.13					$	3.88
Shares used in per share calculations:
Basic			13,544						13,552						13,548						13,556
Diluted			13,567						13,577						13,570						13,581

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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WD-40 COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited and in thousands)

			Three Months Ended May 31,												Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
Net income			$	20,977					$	19,842					$	69,753					$	52,860
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment			8,125						(51)						1,193						(94)
Total comprehensive income			$	29,102					$	19,791					$	70,946					$	52,766

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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WD-40 COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited and in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

			Common Stock												Additional Paid-in Capital						Retained Earnings						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Treasury Stock												Total Stockholders’ Equity
												Shares												Amount																														Shares						Amount
			Balance at August 31, 2024			19,925,212						$	20											$	175,642								$	499,931					$	(29,268)								6,376,631						$	(415,799)					$	230,526
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation plan, net of shares withheld for taxes			15,158						-						(2,883)																														(2,883)
Stock-based compensation															1,499																														1,499
Cash dividends ($0.88 per share)																					(11,958)																								(11,958)
Repurchases of common stock																																	13,750						(3,627)						(3,627)
Foreign currency translation adjustment																											(6,185)																		(6,185)
Net income																					18,925																								18,925
Balance at November 30, 2024			19,940,370						$	20					$	174,258					$	506,898					$	(35,453)					6,390,381						$	(419,426)					$	226,297
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation plan, net of shares withheld for taxes			14,125						-						-																														-
Stock-based compensation															2,592																														2,592
Cash dividends ($0.94 per share)																					(12,780)																								(12,780)
Repurchases of common stock																																	12,500						(3,071)						(3,071)
Foreign currency translation adjustment																											(747)																		(747)
Net income																					29,851																								29,851
Balance at February 28, 2025			19,954,495						$	20					$	176,850					$	523,969					$	(36,200)					6,402,881						$	(422,497)					$	242,142
Stock-based compensation															1,625																														1,625
Cash dividends ($0.94 per share)																					(12,766)																								(12,766)
Repurchases of common stock																																	12,750						(3,041)						(3,041)
Foreign currency translation adjustment																											8,125																		8,125
Net income																					20,977																								20,977
Balance at May 31, 2025			19,954,495						$	20					$	178,475					$	532,180					$	(28,075)					6,415,631						$	(425,538)					$	257,062

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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WD-40 COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited and in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

			Common Stock												Additional Paid-in Capital						Retained Earnings						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Treasury Stock												Total Stockholders’ Equity
												Shares												Amount																														Shares						Amount
			Balance at August 31, 2023			19,905,815						$	20											$	171,546								$	477,488					$	(31,206)								6,342,381						$	(407,670)					$	210,178
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation plan, net of shares withheld for taxes			5,680						-						(678)																														(678)
Stock-based compensation															2,271																														2,271
Cash dividends ($0.83 per share)																					(11,297)																								(11,297)
Repurchases of common stock																																	11,500						(2,414)						(2,414)
Foreign currency translation adjustment																											390																		390
Net income																					17,482																								17,482
Balance at November 30, 2023			19,911,495						$	20					$	173,139					$	483,673					$	(30,816)					6,353,881						$	(410,084)					$	215,932
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation plan, net of shares withheld for taxes			8,554						-						(1,742)																														(1,742)
Stock-based compensation															1,866																														1,866
Cash dividends ($0.88 per share)																					(11,976)																								(11,976)
Repurchases of common stock																																	11,500						(2,905)						(2,905)
Foreign currency translation adjustment																											(433)																		(433)
Net income																					15,536																								15,536
Balance at February 29, 2024			19,920,049						$	20					$	173,263					$	487,233					$	(31,249)					6,365,381						$	(412,989)					$	216,278
Issuance of common stock under share-based compensation plan, net of shares withheld for taxes			4,219						-						-																														-
Stock-based compensation															914																														914
Cash dividends ($0.88 per share)																					(11,966)																								(11,966)
Repurchases of common stock																																	11,250						(2,775)						(2,775)
Foreign currency translation adjustment																											(51)																		(51)
Net income																					19,842																								19,842
Balance at May 31, 2024			19,924,268						$	20					$	174,177					$	495,109					$	(31,300)					6,376,631						$	(415,764)					$	222,242

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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WD-40 COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited and in thousands)

			Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024
Operating activities:
Net income			$	69,753					$	52,860
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization			6,099						7,186
Amortization of cloud computing implementation costs			1,265						650
Net gains on sales and disposals of property and equipment			(87)						(141)
Deferred income taxes			(86)						539
Tax benefit from release of uncertain tax position			(11,929)						—
Stock-based compensation			5,716						5,051
Unrealized foreign currency exchange losses			348						108
Provision for credit losses			1,044						325
Write-off of inventories			693						1,347
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Trade and other accounts receivable			4,644						(15,771)
Inventories			(2,776)						9,137
Other assets			(6,387)						(186)
Operating lease assets and liabilities, net			(17)						(26)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities			(10,001)						(347)
Accrued payroll and related expenses			(205)						1,915
Other long-term liabilities and income taxes payable			(94)						2,177
Net cash provided by operating activities			57,980						64,824
Investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment			(3,177)						(3,359)
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment			329						457
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired			—						(6,201)
Net cash used in investing activities			(2,848)						(9,103)
Financing activities:
Treasury stock purchases			(9,739)						(8,094)
Dividends paid			(37,504)						(35,239)
Repayments of long-term senior notes			(800)						(800)
Net proceeds (repayments) from revolving credit facility			1,605						(11,592)
Shares withheld to cover taxes upon conversions of equity awards			(2,883)						(2,420)
Net cash used in financing activities			(49,321)						(58,145)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents			(828)						(419)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents			4,983						(2,843)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period			46,699						48,143
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period			$	51,682					$	45,300
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing activities: Accrued capital expenditures			$	119					$	205
Finance lease obligation settled with prepaid deposit			$	—					$	3,855

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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WD-40 COMPANY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

Note 1.    The Company

WD-40 Company (the “Company”), incorporated in Delaware and based in San Diego, California, is a global marketing organization dedicated to creating positive lasting memories by developing and selling products that solve problems in workshops, factories and homes around the world. The Company owns a wide range of brands that include maintenance products and homecare and cleaning products: WD-40® Multi-Use Product, WD-40 Specialist®, 3-IN-ONE®, GT85®, X-14®, 2000 Flushes®, Carpet Fresh®, no vac®, Spot Shot®, 1001®, Lava® and Solvol®. Certain assets of the Company’s homecare and cleaning product businesses are classified as held for sale as of May 31, 2025. Refer to Note 3 - Assets Held for Sale for additional information.

The Company’s products are sold in various locations around the world. Maintenance products are sold worldwide in markets throughout North, Central and South America, Asia, Australia, Europe, India, the Middle East and Africa. Homecare and cleaning products are sold primarily in North America, the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and Australia. The Company’s products are sold primarily through hardware stores, automotive parts outlets, industrial distributors and suppliers, mass retail and home center stores, value retailers, grocery stores, online retailers, warehouse club stores, farm supply, sport retailers, and independent bike dealers.

Note 2.    Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by the Company according to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The August 31, 2024 year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.

In the opinion of management, the unaudited financial information for the interim periods shown reflects all adjustments necessary for a fair statement thereof and such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on October 21, 2024.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of operating results for an entire fiscal year.

Global economies have experienced significant volatility in recent years. Although the Company’s estimates consider current conditions, the inputs into certain of the Company’s significant and critical accounting estimates include judgments and assumptions about the economic implications of factors that have been subject to such volatility and how management expects them to change in the future, as appropriate. It is possible that actual results experienced may materially differ from the Company’s estimates in future periods, which could materially affect its results of operations and financial condition.

Foreign Currency Forward Contracts

In the normal course of business, the Company employs established policies and procedures to manage its exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company utilizes foreign currency forward contracts to limit its exposure to net asset balances held in non-functional currencies, primarily at its U.K. subsidiary. The Company monitors its foreign currency exchange rate exposures to ensure the overall effectiveness of its foreign currency hedge positions.

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While the Company engages in foreign currency hedging activity to reduce its risk, for accounting purposes, none of its foreign currency forward contracts are designated as hedges.

Foreign currency forward contracts are carried at fair value, with net realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in other income (expense), net in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Cash flows from settlements of foreign currency forward contracts are included in operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Foreign currency forward contracts in an asset position at the end of the reporting period are included in other current assets, while foreign currency forward contracts in a liability position at the end of the reporting period are included in accrued liabilities in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. At May 31, 2025, the Company had a notional amount of $8.7 million outstanding in foreign currency forward contracts, which matured in June 2025. Unrealized net gains and losses related to foreign currency forward contracts were not significant at May 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024. Realized net gains and losses related to foreign currency forward contracts were not significant for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024. Both unrealized and realized net gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense), net in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Functional Currencies

The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. Dollar. The functional currency of each of the Company’s subsidiaries is based on the currency of the economic environment in which it operates. Management periodically assesses the functional currency of each subsidiary in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 830, “Foreign Currency Matters”.

The functional currency of the Company’s U.K. subsidiary, the entity in which the EIMEA results are generated, has been the Pound Sterling through August 31, 2024. However, trends within EIMEA have indicated a shift towards the Euro over time. During the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, management determined that changes in economic facts and circumstances, such as additional shifts in the currency mix of our operating income, represented a significant change that was other-than-temporary and required a change in functional currency from Pound Sterling to Euro at the Company’s U.K. subsidiary. In accordance with ASC 830-10-45-7, a change in functional currency should be made on the date that significant changes in economic facts and circumstances occurred. Although such a change could occur on any date during the fiscal year, the use of a date at the beginning of the most recent reporting period is permissible. Accordingly, the change in functional currency from Pound Sterling to Euro at the Company’s U.K. subsidiary was accounted for prospectively from September 1, 2024.

In the period of a functional currency change, nonmonetary assets and liabilities at the impacted subsidiary are remeasured into the new functional currency using the exchange rate on the date the asset or liability arose. These amounts are then translated into the Company’s reporting currency, the U.S. Dollar, based on the exchange rate at the date of the change in functional currency. The difference between this amount and the prior translated balance was not material and was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of September 1, 2024. The balances previously recorded in accumulated comprehensive loss for prior periods through August 31, 2024 were not reversed upon this prospective change in functional currency. Monetary assets and liabilities not denominated in the new functional currency, the Euro, will create transaction gains and losses subsequent to the change in functional currency. The Company does not expect that the impact of such gains and losses will be material to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company categorizes its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a hierarchy that categorizes fair value measurements into the following three levels based on the types of inputs used in measuring their fair value:

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or observable inputs that are corroborated by market data; and

Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s own assumptions.

Under fair value accounting, assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. As of May 31, 2025, the Company had no assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis, with the exception of the foreign currency forward contracts, which are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. The carrying values of cash equivalents and short-term borrowings are recorded at cost, which approximates their fair values, primarily due to their short-term nature. In addition,

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the carrying value of borrowings held under the Company’s revolving credit facility approximates fair value, based on Level 2 inputs, due to the variable nature of underlying interest rates, which generally reflect market conditions. The Company’s fixed rate long-term borrowings consist of senior notes and are recorded at carrying value. The Company estimates that the fair value of its senior notes, based on Level 2 inputs, was approximately $59.7 million as of May 31, 2025, which was determined based on a discounted cash flow analysis using current market interest rates for instruments with similar terms, compared to their carrying value of $66.0 million. During the nine months ended May 31, 2025, the Company did not record any significant nonrecurring fair value measurements for assets or liabilities in periods subsequent to their initial recognition.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” These amendments primarily require enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The amendments are effective for the Company’s annual periods beginning September 1, 2024, and interim periods beginning September 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted, and will be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company has been evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company’s segment disclosures and will adopt this ASU on a retrospective basis in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending August 31, 2025.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which includes amendments that further enhance income tax disclosures, primarily through standardization and disaggregation of rate reconciliation categories and income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The amendments are effective for the Company’s annual periods beginning September 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is in the process of evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company’s disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses” which includes amendments that require disclosure in the notes to financial statements of specified information about certain costs and expenses. The amendments are effective for the Company’s annual periods beginning September 1, 2027, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is in the process of evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company’s disclosures.

Note 3.    Assets Held for Sale

Reclassification to Held for Sale of Certain Homecare and Cleaning Product Businesses

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, certain assets of the Company’s homecare and cleaning product businesses in the Americas and EIMEA segments met the criteria to be classified as held for sale. Management has determined that the planned sale of these brands does not represent a strategic shift having a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results and therefore does not meet the criteria for classification as discontinued operations in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025.

Assets included as part of the disposal group classified as held for sale consisted of inventory, goodwill and other intangible assets, net. There are no liabilities in the disposal group.

The following table summarizes assets held for sale (in thousands):

			May 31, 2025
Inventory			$	4,311
Goodwill			1,120
Other intangible assets, net			3,880
Total assets held for sale(1):			$	9,311

(1)Total assets held for sale are included in other current assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Note 4.    Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

			May 31, 2025						August 31, 2024
Product held at third-party contract manufacturers			$	4,534					$	8,199
Raw materials and components			10,351						10,037
Work-in-process			394						521
Finished goods			66,281						60,331
Inventory held for sale (1)			(4,311)						—
Total			$	77,249					$	79,088

(1)Inventory held for sale consists mostly of finished goods inventory and is included in other current assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Note 5.    Property and Equipment and Capitalized Cloud Computing Implementation Costs

Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in thousands):

			May 31, 2025						August 31, 2024
Machinery, equipment and vehicles			$	54,520					$	53,844
Buildings and improvements			29,088						28,433
Computer and office equipment			7,118						6,652
Internal-use software			10,215						9,799
Furniture and fixtures			3,291						3,165
Capital in progress			3,152						3,344
Land			4,261						4,260
Subtotal			111,645						109,497
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization			(51,544)						(46,514)
Total			$	60,101					$	62,983

As of May 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024, the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets included $15.4 million and $13.4 million, respectively, of capitalized cloud computing implementation costs recorded as other assets within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Accumulated amortization associated with these assets was $3.4 million and $2.1 million as of May 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024, respectively. Amortization expense associated with these assets was $0.5 million and $1.3 million for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025. Amortization expense associated with these assets was $0.6 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2024 and not significant for the three months ended May 31, 2024.

Note 6.    Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill by segment (in thousands):

			Americas						EIMEA						Asia-Pacific						Total
Balance as of August 31, 2024			$	86,765					$	9,011					$	1,209					$	96,985
Translation adjustments			169						917						-						1,086
Goodwill held for sale (1)			(1,035)						(85)						-						(1,120)
Balance as of May 31, 2025			$	85,899					$	9,843					$	1,209					$	96,951

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(1)Goodwill held for sale is included in other current assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

There were no indicators of impairment identified as a result of the Company’s review of events and circumstances related to its goodwill as of May 31, 2025. To date, there have been no impairment losses identified and recorded related to the Company’s goodwill.

Definite-lived Intangible Assets

The Company’s definite-lived intangible assets include the trade names Spot Shot, Carpet Fresh, 1001, EZ REACH and GT85 trade names, as well as intangible assets related to customer relationships and a non-compete agreement acquired in connection with the Company’s acquisition of a Brazilian distributor during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024. All of these assets are included in other intangible assets, net in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, certain assets of the Company’s homecare and cleaning product businesses in the Americas and EIMEA segments were classified as held for sale. Definite-lived intangible assets included in homecare and cleaning include Spot Shot and Carpet Fresh in the Americas segment as well as the 1001 trade name in the EIMEA segment. Spot Shot in the Americas segment was recorded at an acquisition-date fair value of $13.7 million and was being amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life of 17 years. Accumulated amortization expense was $10.9 million and the carrying value of this asset was $2.8 million as of August 31, 2024. Carpet Fresh in the Americas segment was recorded at an acquisition-date fair value of $2.8 million, was being amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life of 13 years and was fully amortized as of August 31, 2022. The gross fair value for 1001 trade name in the EIMEA segment was $3.3 million at August 31, 2024 and was being amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life of 20 years. Accumulated amortization expense was $2.2 million and the carrying value of this asset was $1.1 million as of August 31, 2024. Amortization of the Spot Shot and 1001 trade names ceased as of September 1, 2024.

The following table summarizes the definite-lived intangible assets and the related accumulated amortization (in thousands):

			May 31, 2025						August 31, 2024
Gross carrying amount			$	39,897					$	38,863
Accumulated amortization			(33,661)						(32,641)
Less: other intangible assets, net, held for sale (1)			(3,880)						—
Net carrying amount			$	2,356					$	6,222

(1)Intangibles, net current held for sale are included in other current assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

There has been no impairment charge for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 and there were no indicators of impairment identified as a result of the Company’s review of events and circumstances related to its existing definite-lived intangible assets.

Changes in the carrying amounts of definite-lived intangible assets by segment for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 are summarized below (in thousands):

			Americas						EIMEA						Asia-Pacific						Total
Balance as of August 31, 2024			$	5,354					$	868					$	—					$	6,222
Amortization expense			(136)						—						—						(136)
Translation adjustments			(41)						191						—						150
Less: other intangible assets, net, held for sale (1)			(2,821)						(1,059)						—						(3,880)
Balance as of May 31, 2025			$	2,356					$	-					$	—					$	2,356

(1)Other intangible assets, net current held for sale are included in other current assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The estimated amortization expense for the Company’s definite-lived intangible assets is not significant in any future individual fiscal year.

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Note 7.    Accrued and Other Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

			May 31, 2025						August 31, 2024
Accrued advertising and sales promotion expenses			$	14,400					$	15,091
Accrued professional services fees			2,443						2,058
Accrued sales taxes and other taxes			3,303						2,885
Deferred revenue			2,471						4,288
Short-term operating lease liability			2,125						2,294
Other			4,349						4,656
Total			$	29,091					$	31,272

Accrued payroll and related expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):

			May 31, 2025						August 31, 2024
Accrued incentive compensation			$	12,017					$	13,532
Accrued payroll			6,495						4,559
Accrued payroll taxes			3,027						2,907
Accrued profit sharing			3,379						4,403
Other			1,044						654
Total			$	25,962					$	26,055

Note 8.    Debt

As of May 31, 2025, the Company held borrowings under two separate agreements as detailed below.

Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement

The Company holds borrowings under its Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement, as amended (the “Note Agreement”) by and among the Company, PGIM, Inc. (“Prudential”), and certain affiliates and managed accounts of Prudential (the “Note Purchasers”). As of May 31, 2025, the Company had outstanding balances on its series A, B and C notes issued under the Note Agreement.

The Note Agreement was most recently amended on April 30, 2024 (the “Fourth Amendment”). The Fourth Amendment permitted the Company to enter into an amendment to its revolving credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A. and also included certain conforming amendments to the credit agreement, including the revision of financial and restrictive covenants.

Credit Agreement

On April 30, 2024, the Company and certain subsidiaries of the Company, entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with Bank of America, N.A. (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement modified certain terms and conditions of the Company’s previous Amended and Restated Agreement dated March 16, 2020 (as amended on September 30, 2020, and November 29, 2021), and extended the maturity date for the revolving credit facility from September 30, 2025 to April 30, 2029. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement will be used for the Company’s various operating, investing and financing needs.

The Company’s Credit Agreement with Bank of America, N.A. consists of a revolving commitment for borrowing by the Company up to $125.0 million with a sublimit of $95.0 million for WD-40 Company Limited, a wholly owned operating subsidiary of the Company for Europe, India, the Middle East and Africa. The Company’s index rate under the Credit Agreement for U.S. Dollar borrowings is the Secured Overnight Financing Rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

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Short-term and long-term borrowings under the Company’s Credit Agreement and Note Agreement consisted of the following (in thousands):

			Issuance			Maturities						May 31, 2025						August 31, 2024
Credit Agreement – revolving credit facility (1)			Various			4/30/2029						$	29,826					$	27,836
Note Agreement
Series A Notes – 3.39% fixed rate(2)			11/15/2017			2025-2032						14,000						14,800
Series B Notes – 2.50% fixed rate(3)			9/30/2020			11/15/2027						26,000						26,000
Series C Notes – 2.69% fixed rate(3)			9/30/2020			11/15/2030						26,000						26,000
Total borrowings												95,826						94,636
Short-term portion of borrowings												(10,264)						(8,659)
Total long-term borrowings												$	85,562					$	85,977

(1)The Company has the ability to refinance any draw under the line of credit with successive short-term borrowings through the maturity date. Outstanding draws for which management has the ability and intent to refinance with successive short-term borrowings for a period of at least twelve months are classified as long-term. As of May 31, 2025, $20.3 million of this facility was classified as long-term and was entirely denominated in Euros. $9.5 million was classified as short-term and was denominated in U.S. Dollars. Euro and Pound Sterling denominated draws fluctuate in U.S. Dollars from period to period due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

(2)Principal payments are required semi-annually in May and November of each year in equal installments of $0.4 million through May 15, 2032, resulting in $0.8 million classified as short-term. The remaining outstanding principal in the amount of $8.4 million will become due on November 15, 2032.

(3)Interest on notes is payable semi-annually in May and November of each year with no principal due until the maturity date.

Both the Note Agreement and the Credit Agreement contain representations, warranties, events of default and remedies, as well as affirmative, negative and other financial covenants customary for these types of agreements. These covenants include, among other things, certain limitations on the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to incur indebtedness, create liens, dispose of assets, make investments, declare, make or incur obligations to make certain restricted payments, including payments for the repurchase of the Company’s capital stock and enter into certain merger or consolidation transactions. The Credit Agreement includes, among other limitations on indebtedness, a $125.0 million limit on other unsecured indebtedness.

Each agreement also includes a most favored lender provision which requires that any time any other lender has the benefit of one or more financial or operational covenants that is different than, or similar to, but more restrictive than those contained in its own agreement, those covenants shall be immediately and automatically incorporated by reference to the other lender’s agreement. Both the Note Agreement and the Credit Agreement require the Company to adhere to the same financial covenants. For the financial covenants, the definition of consolidated EBITDA includes the add back of non-cash stock-based compensation to consolidated net income when arriving at consolidated EBITDA. The terms of the financial covenants are as follows:

•The consolidated leverage ratio cannot be greater than three and a half to one. The consolidated leverage ratio means, as of any date of determination, the ratio of (a) consolidated funded indebtedness as of such date to (b) consolidated EBITDA for the most recently completed four fiscal quarters.

•The consolidated interest coverage ratio cannot be less than three to one. The consolidated interest coverage ratio means, as of any date of determination, the ratio of (a) consolidated EBITDA for the most recently completed four fiscal quarters to (b) consolidated interest charges for the most recently completed four fiscal quarters.

As of May 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants under both the Note Agreement and the Credit Agreement.

Note 9.    Share Repurchase Plan

On June 19, 2023, the Company’s Board (the “Board”) approved a share repurchase plan (the “2023 Repurchase Plan”). Under the 2023 Repurchase Plan, which became effective on September 1, 2023, the Company is authorized to acquire up to $50.0 million of its outstanding shares through August 31, 2025. On June 16, 2025, the Board approved the extension of the expiration date to August 31, 2026 for the 2023 Repurchase Plan. The timing and amount of repurchases are based on

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terms and conditions as may be acceptable to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, subject to present loan covenants and in compliance with all laws and regulations applicable thereto. During the nine months ended May 31, 2025, the Company repurchased 39,000 shares at an average price of $249.71 per share, for a total cost of $9.7 million. As of May 31, 2025, the Company is authorized to purchase an additional $32.2 million under the 2023 Repurchase Plan.

Note 10.    Earnings per Common Share

The table below reconciles net income to net income available to common stockholders (in thousands):

			Three Months Ended May 31,												Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
Net income			$	20,977					$	19,842					$	69,753					$	52,860
Less: Net income allocated to participating securities			(54)						(67)						(204)						(189)
Net income available to common stockholders			$	20,923					$	19,775					$	69,549					$	52,671

The table below summarizes the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding included in the calculation of basic and diluted EPS (in thousands):

			Three Months Ended May 31,												Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic			13,544						13,552						13,548						13,556
Weighted-average dilutive securities			23						25						22						25
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted			13,567						13,577						13,570						13,581

For the three months ended May 31, 2025, weighted-average stock-based equity awards outstanding that are non-participating securities in the amount of 9,544 were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS under the treasury stock method as they were anti-dilutive. For the three months ended May 31, 2024, there were no anti-dilutive stock-based equity awards outstanding.

For the nine months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, weighted-average stock-based equity awards outstanding that are non-participating securities in the amount of 8,425 and 1,801, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS under the treasury stock method as they were anti-dilutive.

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Note 11.    Revenue

The following table presents the Company’s revenues by segment and major source (in thousands):

			Three Months Ended May 31, 2025																								Nine Months Ended May 31, 2025
			Americas						EIMEA						Asia-Pacific						Total						Americas						EIMEA						Asia-Pacific						Total
WD-40 Multi-Use Product			$	61,225					$	42,804					$	16,658					$	120,687					$	165,184					$	134,076					$	53,666					$	352,926
WD-40 Specialist			9,400						9,671						2,957						22,028						25,353						25,912						8,497						59,762
Other maintenance products (1)			4,372						3,125						190						7,687						12,238						9,573						727						22,538
Total maintenance products			74,997						55,600						19,805						150,402						202,775						169,561						62,890						435,226
HCCP (2)			3,165						1,105						2,243						6,513						10,352						4,202						6,734						21,288
Total net sales			$	78,162					$	56,705					$	22,048					$	156,915					$	213,127					$	173,763					$	69,624					$	456,514
			Three Months Ended May 31, 2024																								Nine Months Ended May 31, 2024
			Americas						EIMEA						Asia-Pacific						Total						Americas						EIMEA						Asia-Pacific						Total
WD-40 Multi-Use Product			$	58,559					$	45,402					$	15,092					$	119,053					$	156,113					$	124,018					$	53,833					$	333,964
WD-40 Specialist			9,034						8,407						2,783						20,224						23,232						22,598						8,053						53,883
Other maintenance products (1)			4,333						3,317						235						7,885						12,462						9,388						849						22,699
Total maintenance products			71,926						57,126						18,110						147,162						191,807						156,004						62,735						410,546
HCCP (2)			3,177						2,273						2,433						7,883						10,878						6,462						6,680						24,020
Total net sales			$	75,103					$	59,399					$	20,543					$	155,045					$	202,685					$	162,466					$	69,415					$	434,566

(1)Other maintenance products consist of the 3-IN-ONE and GT85 brands.

(2)Homecare and cleaning products (“HCCP”).

Contract Balances

Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue related to undelivered products. Deferred revenue is recorded when payments have been received from customers for undelivered products. Revenue is subsequently recognized when revenue recognition criteria are met, generally when control of the product transfers to the customer. The Company had contract liabilities of $2.5 million and $4.3 million as of May 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024, respectively. All of the $4.3 million that was included in contract liabilities as of August 31, 2024 was recognized to revenue during the nine months ended May 31, 2025. These contract liabilities are recorded in accrued liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Contract assets are recorded if the Company has satisfied a performance obligation but does not yet have an unconditional right to consideration. The Company did not have any contract assets as of May 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024. The Company has an unconditional right to payment for its trade and other accounts receivable on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. These receivables are presented net of an allowance for credit losses of $2.0 million as of May 31, 2025 and not significant as of August 31, 2024.

Note 12.    Commitments and Contingencies

Purchase Commitments

The Company has ongoing relationships with various suppliers (contract manufacturers) that manufacture the Company’s products and third-party distribution centers that warehouse and ship the Company’s products to customers. The contract manufacturers maintain title and control of certain raw materials and components, materials utilized in finished products, and the finished products themselves until shipment to the Company’s third-party distribution centers or customers in accordance with agreed upon shipment terms. Although the Company has contractual minimum purchase obligations with certain contract manufacturers, such obligations are either immaterial or below the volume of goods that the Company has historically purchased. In the ordinary course of business, supply needs are communicated by the Company to its contract manufacturers based on orders and short-term projections, ranging from two months to six months. The Company is committed to purchase the products produced by the contract manufacturers based on the projections provided.

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Upon the termination of contracts with contract manufacturers, the Company obtains certain inventory control rights and is obligated to work with the contract manufacturer to sell through all product held by or manufactured by the contract manufacturer on behalf of the Company during the termination notification period. If any inventory remains at the contract manufacturer at the termination date, the Company is obligated to purchase such inventory, which may include raw materials, components and finished goods. The amounts for inventory purchased under termination commitments have been immaterial.

In addition to the commitments to purchase products from contract manufacturers described above, the Company may also enter into commitments with other manufacturers to purchase finished goods and components to support innovation and renovation initiatives and/or supply chain initiatives. As of May 31, 2025, no such commitments were outstanding.

Litigation

From time to time, the Company is subject to various claims, lawsuits, investigations and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, including but not limited to, product liability litigation and other claims and proceedings with respect to intellectual property, breach of contract, labor and employment, tax and other matters. As of May 31, 2025, there were no unasserted claims or pending proceedings for claims against the Company that the Company believes will result in a probable loss. As to claims that the Company believes may result in a reasonably possible loss, the Company believes that no reasonably possible outcome of any such claim will have a materially adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Indemnifications

As permitted under Delaware law, the Company has agreements whereby it indemnifies senior officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was, serving at the Company’s request in such capacity. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is not capped; however, the Company maintains Director and Officer insurance coverage that mitigates the Company’s exposure with respect to such obligations. As a result of the Company’s insurance coverage, management believes that the estimated fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal. Thus, no liabilities have been recorded for these agreements as of May 31, 2025.

From time to time, the Company enters into indemnification agreements with certain parties in the ordinary course of business, including agreements with lenders, lessors, contract manufacturers, marketing distributors, customers and certain vendors. Indemnification agreements are generally entered into in the context of the particular agreements and are provided in an attempt to allocate risk of loss in connection with the consummation of the underlying contractual arrangements. Although the maximum amount of future payments that the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is not capped, management believes that the Company maintains adequate levels of insurance coverage to protect the Company with respect to most potential claims arising from such agreements and that such agreements do not otherwise have value separate and apart from the liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. Thus, no liabilities have been recorded with respect to such indemnification agreements as of May 31, 2025.

Note 13.    Income Taxes

The Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates, to determine its quarterly provision for income taxes. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rates from quarter to quarter.

The provision for income taxes was 23.6% and 23.2% as a percentage of income before income taxes for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were no significant changes to the effective tax rate for the three months ended May 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended May 31, 2024.

The provision for income taxes was 5.9% and 23.1% as a percentage of income before income taxes for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. This 17.2% decrease in the effective tax rate from period to period was primarily due to the expiration of the statute of limitations on the uncertain tax position associated with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act’s mandatory onetime “toll tax” on unremitted foreign earnings. The release of the uncertain tax position generated a favorable income tax adjustment of $11.9 million, net of the tax effect of the related interest, during nine months ended May 31, 2025.

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The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and in various state and foreign jurisdictions. Due to expired statutes of limitations, the Company’s federal income tax returns for years prior to fiscal year 2022 are not subject to examination by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. Generally, for the majority of state and foreign jurisdictions where the Company does business, periods prior to fiscal year 2021 are no longer subject to examination. The Company is currently under audit in various state jurisdictions for fiscal years 2021 through 2023. The Company had an insignificant amount of unrecognized tax positions related to income tax positions that may be affected by the resolution of tax examinations or expiring statutes of limitations within the next twelve months. Audit outcomes and the timing of settlements are subject to significant uncertainty.

Income taxes receivable was $4.5 million and $0.5 million as of May 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024, respectively. Income taxes receivable are included in other current assets in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Note 14.    Business Segments and Foreign Operations

The Company evaluates the performance of its segments and allocates resources to them based on sales and income from operations. The Company is organized on the basis of geographical area into the following three segments: the Americas; EIMEA; and Asia-Pacific. Segment data does not include inter-segment revenues. Unallocated corporate expenses are general corporate overhead expenses not directly attributable to the business segments and are reported separate from the Company’s identified segments. Corporate overhead costs include expenses for the Company’s accounting and finance, information technology, legal, human resources, research and development, quality control and executive management functions, as well as all direct costs associated with public company compliance matters including legal, audit and other professional services costs.

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Summary information about reportable segments is as follows (in thousands):

For the Three Months Ended			Americas						EIMEA						Asia-Pacific						Unallocated Corporate (1)						Total
May 31, 2025
Net sales			$	78,162					$	56,705					$	22,048					$	-					$	156,915
Income from operations			$	20,483					$	12,028					$	7,087					$	(12,233)					$	27,365
Depreciation and amortization expense (2)			$	921					$	1,014					$	55					$	47					$	2,037
Interest income			$	51					$	16					$	37					$	-					$	104
Interest expense			$	715					$	171					$	1					$	-					$	887
May 31, 2024
Net sales			$	75,103					$	59,399					$	20,543					$	-					$	155,045
Income from operations			$	18,382					$	13,705					$	6,750					$	(11,661)					$	27,176
Depreciation and amortization expense (2)			$	1,201					$	1,180					$	56					$	66					$	2,503
Interest income			$	3					$	100					$	33					$	-					$	136
Interest expense			$	807					$	373					$	2					$	-					$	1,182
For the Nine Months Ended
May 31, 2025
Net sales			$	213,127					$	173,763					$	69,624					$	-					$	456,514
Income from operations			$	46,345					$	40,982					$	24,616					$	(36,176)					$	75,767
Depreciation and amortization expense (2)			$	2,736					$	3,008					$	170					$	185					$	6,099
Interest income			$	158					$	99					$	101					$	-					$	358
Interest expense			$	2,206					$	572					$	3					$	-					$	2,781
May 31, 2024
Net sales			$	202,685					$	162,466					$	69,415					$	-					$	434,566
Income from operations			$	45,798					$	35,307					$	25,264					$	(34,068)					$	72,301
Depreciation and amortization expense (2)			$	3,396					$	3,404					$	169					$	217					$	7,186
Interest income			$	3					$	182					$	91					$	-					$	276
Interest expense			$	1,872					$	1,459					$	5					$	-					$	3,336

(1)These expenses are reported separately from the Company’s identified segments and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(2)Amortization presented above includes amortization of definite-lived intangible assets and excludes amortization of implementation costs associated with cloud computing arrangements.

The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker does not review assets by segment as part of the financial information provided, and therefore, no asset information is provided in the above table.

Note 15.    Subsequent Events

Dividend Declaration

On June 17, 2025, the Company’s Board declared a cash dividend of $0.94 per share payable on July 31, 2025 to stockholders of record at the close of business on July 18, 2025.

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Share Repurchase Plan

On June 16, 2025, the Company’s Board approved an amendment to extend the expiration date of the 2023 Repurchase Plan from August 31, 2025 to August 31, 2026. For additional information, refer to the terms and conditions of the 2023 Repurchase Plan in Note 9 — Share Repurchase Plan.

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Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

As used in this report, the terms “we,” “our,” and “us” and “the Company” refer to WD-40 Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, unless the context suggests otherwise. Amounts and percentages in tables and discussions may not total due to rounding.

The following information is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part I—Item 1 of this Quarterly Report and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on October 21, 2024.

Forward-Looking Statements

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for certain forward-looking statements. This report contains forward-looking statements, which reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. These forward-looking statements are generally identified with words such as “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “could,” “may,” “aim,” “anticipate,” “target,” “estimate” and similar expressions.

These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, discussions about future financial and operating results, including: expected benefits from any acquisition or divestiture transaction; acquired business not performing as expected; assuming unexpected risks, liabilities and obligations of the acquired business; disruption to the parties’ business as a result of the announcement and acquisition or divestiture transaction; integration of acquired business and operations into the Company; the Company's ability to successfully complete any planned divestiture; expected timing of the closing for the divestiture; expected proceeds from the divestiture; the intended use of proceeds by the Company from the divestiture transaction; impact of the divestiture transaction on the Company's stock price or EPS; growth expectations for maintenance products; expected levels of promotional and advertising spending; anticipated input costs for manufacturing and the costs associated with distribution of our products; plans for and success of product innovation, the impact of new product introductions on the growth of sales; anticipated results from product line extension sales; expected tax rates and the impact of tax legislation and regulatory action; changes in the political conditions or relations between the United States and other nations; changes in trade policies and tariffs; the impacts from inflationary trends, supply chain constraints and supply chain disruptions; changes in interest rates; and forecasted foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements.

Actual events or results may differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements due to various factors, including, but not limited to, those identified in Part I—Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024, and in Part II—Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

The Company

WD-40 Company based in San Diego, California, is a global marketing organization dedicated to creating positive lasting memories by developing and selling products that solve problems in workshops, factories and homes around the world. We own a wide range of well-known brands that include maintenance products and homecare and cleaning products: WD-40® Multi-Use Product, WD-40 Specialist®, 3-IN-ONE®, GT85®, X-14®, 2000 Flushes®, Carpet Fresh®, no vac®, Spot Shot®, 1001®, Lava® and Solvol®.

Our products are sold in various locations around the world. Maintenance products are sold worldwide in markets throughout North, Central and South America, Asia, Australia, Europe, India, the Middle East and Africa. Homecare and cleaning products are sold primarily in North America, the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and Australia. We sell our products primarily through hardware stores, automotive parts outlets, industrial distributors and suppliers, mass retail and home center stores, value retailers, grocery stores, online retailers, warehouse club stores, farm supply, sport retailers, and independent bike dealers. During the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, we reclassified certain assets of our homecare and cleaning product businesses in the Americas and EIMEA segments to held for sale.

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Highlights

The following summarizes the financial and operational highlights for our business during the nine months ended May 31, 2025:

•Consolidated net sales increased $21.9 million or 5%, to $456.5 million compared to the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year. Increases in sales volume favorably impacted net sales by approximately $21.5 million from period to period. Increases in the average selling price of our products positively impacted net sales by approximately $5.4 million from period to period. Changes to net sales attributable to volumes and average selling price of our products are impacted by differences in sales mix related to products, markets and distribution channels from period to period. Consolidated net sales was unfavorably impacted by changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which impact was estimated to be $5.0 million from period to period.

•Gross profit as a percentage of net sales increased to 55.2% from 53.1% in the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year.

•Consolidated net income increased $16.9 million, or 32%, compared to the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, we released an uncertain tax position that generated a favorable income tax adjustment of $11.9 million. Excluding this one-time benefit, net income would have increased $5.0 million, or 9%.

•Diluted earnings per common share were $5.13 versus $3.88 in the prior fiscal year period. As noted above, during the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, we released an uncertain tax position that generated a favorable income tax adjustment. Excluding this one-time benefit, on a non-GAAP basis, adjusted diluted EPS was $4.26.

•During the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, we reclassified certain assets our homecare and cleaning product businesses in the Americas and EIMEA segments to held for sale.

•During the nine months ended May 31, 2025, we returned approximately $47.2 million to our stockholders through share repurchases and dividends.

Global Economic Conditions

We continue to monitor changes in international trade relations and trade policy, including those related to tariffs, which could adversely impact our results. We utilize third-party manufacturers and distribution centers that are primarily in regions near our customers and end users, which mitigates the potential unfavorable impacts of new tariffs on purchases of our inventory and shipments to our customers. However, certain inputs sourced by our third-party manufacturers to produce our inventory may increase in cost and unfavorably impact our results. In addition, any supply chain constraints, inflationary impacts or weakening in consumer demand as a result of changes to global economic conditions could impact our results.

See our risk factors disclosed in Part I―Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on October 21, 2024 for further information on risks related to global economic conditions and uncertainty of trade relations and tariffs affecting trade between the U.S. and other countries.

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Results of Operations

Three and Nine Months Ended May 31, 2025 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended May 31, 2024

Operating Items

The following table summarizes operating data for our consolidated operations (in thousands, except percentages and per share amounts):

			Three Months Ended May 31,																								Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024						Change from Prior Year												2025						2024						Change from Prior Year
															Dollars						Percent																		Dollars						Percent
Net sales:
WD-40 Multi-Use Product			$	120,687					$	119,053					$	1,634					1		%				$	352,926					$	333,964					$	18,962					6		%
WD-40 Specialist			22,028						20,224						1,804						9		%				59,762						53,883						5,879						11		%
Other maintenance products			7,687						7,885						(198)						(3)		%				22,538						22,699						(161)						(1)		%
Total maintenance products			150,402						147,162						3,240						2		%				435,226						410,546						24,680						6		%
HCCP (1)			6,513						7,883						(1,370)						(17)		%				21,288						24,020						(2,732)						(11)		%
Total net sales			156,915						155,045						1,870						1		%				456,514						434,566						21,948						5		%
Cost of products sold			68,804						72,657						(3,853)						(5)		%				204,600						203,684						916						—		%
Gross profit			88,111						82,388						5,723						7		%				251,914						230,882						21,032						9		%
Operating expenses			60,746						55,212						5,534						10		%				176,147						158,581						17,566						11		%
Income from operations			$	27,365					$	27,176					$	189					1		%				$	75,767					$	72,301					$	3,466					5		%
Net income			$	20,977					$	19,842					$	1,135					6		%				$	69,753					$	52,860					$	16,893					32		%
EPS – diluted			$	1.54					$	1.46					$	0.08					5		%				$	5.13					$	3.88					$	1.25					32		%
Shares used in diluted EPS			13,567						13,577						(10)						—		%				13,570						13,581						(11)						—		%

(1)Homecare and cleaning products (“HCCP”)

Net Sales by Segment

The following table summarizes net sales by segment (in thousands, except percentages):

			Three Months Ended May 31,																								Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024						Change from Prior Year												2025						2024						Change from Prior Year
															Dollars						Percent																		Dollars						Percent
Americas			$	78,162					$	75,103					$	3,059					4		%				$	213,127					$	202,685					$	10,442					5		%
EIMEA			56,705						59,399						(2,694)						(5)		%				173,763						162,466						11,297						7		%
Asia-Pacific			22,048						20,543						1,505						7		%				69,624						69,415						209						—		%
Total			$	156,915					$	155,045					$	1,870					1		%				$	456,514					$	434,566					$	21,948					5		%

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Americas Sales

The following table summarizes net sales by product line for the Americas segment, which includes the U.S., Canada and Latin America (in thousands, except percentages):

			Three Months Ended May 31,																								Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024						Change from Prior Year												2025						2024						Change from Prior Year
															Dollars						Percent																		Dollars						Percent
WD-40 Multi-Use Product			$	61,225					$	58,559					$	2,666					5		%				$	165,184					$	156,113					$	9,071					6		%
WD-40 Specialist			9,400						9,034						366						4		%				25,353						23,232						2,121						9		%
Other maintenance products			4,372						4,333						39						1		%				12,238						12,462						(224)						(2)		%
Total maintenance products			74,997						71,926						3,071						4		%				202,775						191,807						10,968						6		%
HCCP			3,165						3,177						(12)						—		%				10,352						10,878						(526)						(5)		%
Total net sales			$	78,162					$	75,103					$	3,059					4		%				$	213,127					$	202,685					$	10,442					5		%
% of consolidated net sales			50		%				49		%																47		%				47		%

The following table summarizes management’s estimates of effects on net sales of changes in price, volume and foreign currency exchange rate impacts for the Americas segment (in millions):

			Change from Prior Year
			First Quarter						Second Quarter						Third Quarter									Year to Date
Increase in average selling price(1)			$	0.2					$	0.3					$	2.4								$	2.9
Increase in sales volume(1)			6.3						3.1						2.4									11.8
Currency impact on current period			(1.1)						(1.4)						(1.8)									(4.3)
Increase in net sales			$	5.4					$	2.0					$	3.0								$	10.4

(1)Management’s estimates of changes in net sales attributable to volumes and the average selling price of our products are impacted by differences in sales mix related to products, markets and distribution channels from period to period.

Americas Sales – Three Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

Net sales in the Americas segment increased from period to period, highlighted by the following:

•WD-40 Multi-Use Product sales increased $2.7 million, or 5%, primarily due to the increase in U.S. of $3.0 million. U.S. sales increased primarily due to higher sales volume due to higher level of promotional activities and timing of customer orders from certain mass retailers and online retailers. Sales in Latin America remained relatively constant from period to period. Latin America distributor markets decreased in sales volume from period to period due to a lower level of promotional activities and timing of customer orders, which were offset by an increase in sales volume in Brazil.

•WD-40 Specialist sales increased $0.4 million, or 4%, primarily due to increased distribution in the United States.

•Other maintenance product and homecare and cleaning product sales remained relatively constant from period to period.

•For the three months ended May 31, 2025, 73% of sales came from the U.S., and 27% of sales came from Canada and Latin America combined compared to the three months ended May 31, 2024 when 72% of sales came from the U.S., and 28% of sales came from Canada and Latin America.

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Americas Sales – Nine Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

Net sales in the Americas segment increased from period to period, highlighted by the following:

•WD-40 Multi-Use Product sales increased $9.1 million, or 6%, primarily due to increases in Latin America and U.S. of $6.9 million and $2.7 million, respectively. Sales in Brazil increased $7.0 million primarily due to operating under a direct model for the nine months ended May 31, 2025. Early in the third quarter of fiscal year 2024, we acquired a Brazilian distributor and shifted from an indirect distribution model to a direct model. In addition, sales in other Latin American markets increased $0.9 million due to improved economic conditions in certain regions as well as a higher level of promotional activities. Sales in U.S. increased primarily due to increased sales volumes due to a higher level of promotional programs. These increases in Latin America and U.S. were partially offset by lower sales in Mexico of $2.1 million primarily due to unfavorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

•WD-40 Specialist sales increased $2.1 million, or 9%, primarily due to new distribution and increased demand in the United States.

•Other maintenance product sales remained relatively constant from period to period.

•Homecare and cleaning product sales decreased $0.5 million, or 5%, primarily due to changes in distribution as well as reduced demand in the U.S. as a result of a lower level of advertising and promotional activities associated with these brands, as we focus on increasing sales of maintenance products in support of our four-by-four strategic framework.

•For the nine months ended May 31, 2025, 72% of sales came from the U.S., and 28% of sales came from Canada and Latin America combined compared to the nine months ended May 31, 2024 when 74% of sales came from the U.S., and 26% of sales came from Canada and Latin America.

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EIMEA Sales

The following table summarizes net sales by product line for the EIMEA segment, which includes Europe, India, the Middle East and Africa (in thousands, except percentages):

			Three Months Ended May 31,																								Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024						Change from Prior Year												2025						2024						Change from Prior Year
															Dollars						Percent																		Dollars						Percent
WD-40 Multi-Use Product			$	42,804					$	45,402					$	(2,598)					(6)		%				$	134,076					$	124,018					$	10,058					8		%
WD-40 Specialist			9,671						8,407						1,264						15		%				25,912						22,598						3,314						15		%
Other maintenance products			3,125						3,317						(192)						(6)		%				9,573						9,388						185						2		%
Total maintenance products			55,600						57,126						(1,526)						(3)		%				169,561						156,004						13,557						9		%
HCCP			1,105						2,273						(1,168)						(51)		%				4,202						6,462						(2,260)						(35)		%
Total net sales			$	56,705					$	59,399					$	(2,694)					(5)		%				$	173,763					$	162,466					$	11,297					7		%
% of consolidated net sales			36		%				38		%																38		%				37		%

The following table summarizes management’s estimates of effects on net sales of changes in price, volume and foreign currency exchange rate impacts for the EIMEA segment (in millions):

			Change from Prior Year
			First Quarter						Second Quarter						Third Quarter						Year to Date
Increase in average selling price(1)			$	0.5					$	0.9					$	1.7					$	3.1
Increase (decrease) in sales volume(1)			6.2						7.4						(4.8)						8.8
Currency impact on current period			2.0						(3.0)						0.4						(0.6)
Increase (decrease) in net sales			$	8.7					$	5.3					$	(2.7)					$	11.3

(1)    Management’s estimates of changes in net sales attributable to volumes and the average selling price of our products are impacted by differences in sales mix related to products, markets and distribution channels from period to period.

The countries and regions in Europe where we sell through a direct sales force include the U.K., Italy, France, Iberia (which includes Spain and Portugal), DACH (which includes Germany, Austria and Switzerland) and Benelux (which includes Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg). The regions in the EIMEA segment where we sell through local distributors include the Middle East, Africa, India, Eastern and Northern Europe.

EIMEA Sales – Three Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

Net sales decreased in the EIMEA segment from period to period, primarily due to the following:

•WD-40 Multi-Use Product sales decreased $2.6 million, or 6%, primarily due to a decrease in sales volume to our marketing distributor customers which unfavorably impacted sales by $3.9 million, primarily in the Middle East region. This decrease was due to lower demand as a result of weaker economic conditions in certain regions as well as timing of customer orders. This decrease was partially offset by increases in some of our direct markets, including the U.K. and France, which increased $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively, due to increased sales volume.

•WD-40 Specialist sales increased $1.3 million, or 15%, primarily due to higher sales volume as a result of increased promotional activity for our WD-40 Bike line in the DACH region, as well as stronger levels of demand in France and other direct markets.

•Other maintenance product sales remained relatively constant from period to period.

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•Homecare and cleaning product sales decreased $1.2 million, or 51%, primarily due to reduced demand in the U.K. as a result of a lower level of advertising and promotional activities associated with these brands, as we focus on increasing sales of maintenance products in support of our four-by-four strategic framework.

EIMEA Sales – Nine Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

Net sales increased in the EIMEA segment from period to period, highlighted by the following:

•WD-40 Multi-Use Product sales increased $10.1 million, or 8%, primarily due to higher sales volume across nearly all regions. Sales in direct markets increased significantly in France, Iberia, Benelux, and Italy which were up $2.2 million, $1.6 million, $1.4 million, and $1.3 million, respectively. Sales to our marketing distributors in various regions, increased $2.2 million, most predominately in India, primarily due to increased distribution, higher levels of demand and timing of customer orders. Most regions in EIMEA have experienced continued increases in sales volumes after a temporary reduction in demand from price increases we implemented during fiscal year 2023. While most of this volume recovery was experienced in fiscal year 2024 after customers adjusted to those price increases, this volume recovery has continued into fiscal year 2025 and has resulted in higher sales levels from period to period.

•WD-40 Specialist and other maintenance product sales increased $3.3 million, or 15%, primarily due to the increased demand and new distribution associated with premiumization efforts in support of our strategic framework. Other contributing factors include increased promotional activities discussed in the section for the three months ended May 31, 2025.

•Homecare and cleaning product sales decreased $2.3 million, or 35%, primarily due to reduced demand in the U.K. as a result of a lower level of advertising and promotional activities associated with these brands, as discussed above in the section for the three months ended May 31, 2025.

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Asia-Pacific Sales

The following table summarizes net sales by product line for the Asia-Pacific segment, which includes Australia, China and other countries in the Asia region (in thousands, except percentages):

			Three Months Ended May 31,																								Nine Months Ended May 31,
															Change from Prior Year																								Change from Prior Year
			2025						2024						Dollars						Percent						2025						2024						Dollars						Percent
WD-40 Multi-Use Product			$	16,658					$	15,092					$	1,566					10		%				$	53,666					$	53,833					$	(167)					—		%
WD-40 Specialist			2,957						$	2,783					$	174					6		%				8,497						8,053						444						6		%
Other maintenance products			190						$	235					$	(45)					(19)		%				727						849						(122)						(14)		%
Total maintenance products			19,805						$	18,110					$	1,695					9		%				62,890						62,735						155						—		%
HCCP			2,243						2,433						(190)						(8)		%				6,734						6,680						54						1		%
Total net sales			$	22,048					$	20,543					$	1,505					7		%				$	69,624					$	69,415					$	209					—		%
% of consolidated net sales			14		%				13		%																15		%				16		%

The following table summarizes management’s estimates of effects on net sales of changes in price, volume and foreign currency exchange rate impacts for the Asia-Pacific segment (in millions):

			Change from Prior Year
			First Quarter						Second Quarter						Third Quarter						Year to Date
Increase (decrease) in average selling price(1)			$	0.5					$	(1.1)					$	—					$	(0.6)
(Decrease) increase in sales volume(1)			(2.1)						1.3						1.7						0.9
Currency impact on current period			0.6						(0.5)						(0.2)						(0.1)
(Decrease) increase in net sales			$	(1.0)					$	(0.3)					$	1.5					$	0.2

(1)Management’s estimates of changes in net sales attributable to volumes and the average selling price of our products are impacted by differences in sales mix related to products, markets and distribution channels from period to period.

Asia-Pacific Sales – Three Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

Net sales in the Asia-Pacific segment increased from period to period, highlighted by the following:

•WD-40 Multi-Use Product sales increased $1.6 million, or 10%, primarily due to increases in China and our Asia distributor markets of $0.9 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Sales in China increased due to increased sales volume from successful promotional programs and marketing activities as well as increased distribution. Sales in our Asia Distributor markets increased due to successful promotional programs and increased demand, particularly in Indonesia and Taiwan.

•WD-40 Specialist and other maintenance product sales remained relatively constant from period to period.

•Homecare and cleaning product sales decreased $0.2 million, or 8%, from period to period primarily due to lower sales due to a lower level of promotional activity.

Asia-Pacific Sales – Nine Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

Net sales in the Asia-Pacific segment increased from period to period, highlighted by the following:

•WD-40 Multi-Use Product sales remained relatively constant due to sales decreases in Asia distributor markets of $2.6 million mostly offset by sales increases in China and Australia of $2.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

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Asia distributor markets experienced a decrease in sales volume primarily due to market disruption driven by the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar during the first half of fiscal year 2025, as well as weaker economic conditions in certain regions. In addition, sales volumes decreased due to timing of customer orders placed by certain of our distributors, particularly in the Philippines. Sales in China and Australia increased due to higher sales volume from successful promotional programs and marketing activities.

•WD-40 Specialist sales increased $0.4 million, or 6%, primarily due to increased sales volume due to successful promotional programs and marketing activities in China.

•Other maintenance and homecare and cleaning product sales remained relatively constant from period to period. Our homecare and cleaning businesses in the Asia-Pacific segment are not held for sale.

Gross Profit

The following general information is important when assessing fluctuations in our gross margin:

•There is often a delay before changes in costs of raw materials, such as specialty chemicals used in the formulation of our products, impact cost of products sold due to production and inventory life cycles. Such delays increase with higher production and inventory levels.

•In general, the timing of advertising, promotional and other discounts may cause fluctuations in gross margin from period to period. Advertising, promotional and other discounts that are given to our customers are recorded as a reduction to sales, whereas advertising and sales promotional costs associated with promotional activities that we pay to third parties are recorded as advertising and sales promotion expenses.

•In the EIMEA segment, the cost of our products sold are generated in the Pound Sterling and Euro. The strengthening or weakening of the Pound Sterling and Euro against U.S. Dollar may result in foreign currency related changes to the gross margin percentage in the EIMEA segment from period to period.

•Our gross profit and gross margin may not be comparable to those of other consumer product companies, since some of these companies include all costs related to distribution of their products in cost of products sold, whereas we exclude the portion associated with amounts paid to third parties for shipment to our customers from our distribution centers and contract manufacturers and include these costs in selling, general and administrative expenses. These costs totaled $4.6 million, or 2.9% of net sales for both the three months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $13.5 million and $12.6 million, or 3.0% and 2.9% of net sales for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The following table summarizes gross margin and gross profit (in thousands, except percentages):

			Three Months Ended May 31,																					Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024						Change from Prior Year									2025						2024						Change from Prior Year
Gross profit			$	88,111					$	82,388					$	5,723								$	251,914					$	230,882					$	21,032
Gross margin			56.2		%				53.1		%				310			bps (1)						55.2		%				53.1		%				210			bps (1)

(1)Basis points (“bps”) change in gross margin.

Gross Margin – Three Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

Gross margin increased 310 bps primarily due to the following favorable impacts:

Favorable						Explanations
110 bps						Increases in average selling prices
80 bps						Lower costs of specialty chemicals used in the formulation of our products
60 bps						Lower costs of aerosol cans

During the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, we reclassified certain assets of our homecare and cleaning product businesses in the Americas and EIMEA segments to held for sale. Gross margin excluding these products would have been 0.5% higher during the three months ended May 31, 2025.

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Gross Margin – Nine Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

Gross margin increased 210 bps primarily due to the following favorable impacts:

Favorable						Explanations
70 bps						Lower costs of aerosol cans
70 bps						Lower costs of specialty chemicals used in the formulation of our products
50 bps						Favorable sales mix and other miscellaneous mix impacts

Gross margin excluding assets held for sale would have been 0.6% higher during the nine months ended May 31, 2025.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses

			Three Months Ended May 31,																								Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024						Change from Prior Year												2025						2024						Change from Prior Year
(in thousands)															Dollars						Percent																		Dollars						Percent
SG&A expenses			$	51,541					$	45,564					$	5,977					13		%				$	151,054					$	134,722					$	16,332					12		%
% of net sales			32.8		%				29.4		%																33.1		%				31.0		%

SG&A Expenses – Three Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

The increase in SG&A expenses was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs of $5.8 million due to higher accrued incentive compensation, annual compensation increases, higher stock-based compensation expense and higher headcount. These higher employee-related costs include additional headcount to support various sales growth initiatives identified within our strategic framework, as well as headcount related to the enhancement of our information systems.

SG&A Expenses – Nine Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

The increase in SG&A expenses was primarily due to increases in employee-related costs of $11.5 million due to higher accrued incentive compensation, annual compensation increases, higher stock-based compensation expense and higher headcount. These higher employee-related costs include additional headcount to support various sales growth initiatives identified within our strategic framework and headcount related to the enhancement of our information systems. Professional services fees increased SG&A by $1.2 million primarily due to increases in the EIMEA segment in support of various strategic initiatives. Freight expense increased $0.9 million primarily in the Americas and EIMEA segments, due to higher sales volumes that resulted in higher outbound freight costs. Credit loss adjustments increased in the U.S. by $0.6 million and travel and meeting expenses increased $0.6 million as a result of additional travel related to geographic expansion and other initiatives aligned with our strategic framework. Amortization costs associated with cloud computing implementation also increased SG&A by $0.6 million from period to period.

We continued our research and development investment, the majority of which is associated with our maintenance products, including efforts focused on sustainability as well as our focus on innovation and renovation of our products. Research and development costs were $2.5 million and $2.2 million for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $6.3 million and $5.8 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase from period to period was partially due to a higher level of research and development activity associated with our sustainability initiatives. Our research and development team engages in consumer research, environmental and sustainability initiatives, product development, product improvements and testing activities. This team leverages its development capabilities by collaborating with a network of outside resources including our current and prospective third-party contract manufacturers. The level and types of expenses incurred within research and development can vary from period to period depending upon the types of activities being performed.

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Advertising and Sales Promotion (“A&P”) Expenses

			Three Months Ended May 31,																								Nine Months Ended May 31,
															Change from Prior Year																								Change from Prior Year
(in thousands)			2025						2024						Dollars						Percent						2025						2024						Dollars						Percent
A&P expenses			$	9,160					$	9,345					$	(185)					(2)		%				$	24,957					$	23,053					$	1,904					8		%
% of net sales			5.8		%				6.0		%																5.5		%				5.3		%

A&P Expenses – Three Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

A&P expenses remained relatively constant from period to period.

As a percentage of net sales, A&P expenses may fluctuate period to period based upon the type of marketing activities we employ and the period in which the costs are incurred. Total promotional costs recorded as a reduction to sales were $8.6 million and $7.7 million for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Therefore, our total expenditures on A&P activities were $17.7 million and $17.0 million for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

A&P Expenses – Nine Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

The increase in A&P expenses was primarily due to a higher level of promotional programs and marketing support, particularly in the Americas and EIMEA segments. Although A&P expenses increased from period to period, A&P expenses as a percentage of net sales remained relatively constant.

Total promotional costs recorded as a reduction to sales were $25.1 million and $23.1 million, for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Therefore, our total expenditure on A&P activities was $50.1 million and $46.1 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Income from Operations by Segment

The following table summarizes income from operations by segment (in thousands, except percentages):

			Three Months Ended May 31,																								Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024						Change from Prior Year												2025						2024						Change from Prior Year
															Dollars						Percent																		Dollars						Percent
Americas			$	20,483					$	18,382					$	2,101					11		%				$	46,345					$	45,798					$	547					1		%
EIMEA			12,028						13,705						(1,677)						(12)		%				40,982						35,307						5,675						16		%
Asia-Pacific			7,087						6,750						337						5		%				24,616						25,264						(648)						(3)		%
Unallocated corporate (1)			(12,233)						(11,661)						(572)						(5)		%				(36,176)						(34,068)						(2,108)						(6)		%
Total			$	27,365					$	27,176					$	189					1		%				$	75,767					$	72,301					$	3,466					5		%

(1)Unallocated corporate expenses are general corporate overhead expenses not directly attributable to any one of the business segments. These expenses are reported separate from our identified segments and are included in Selling, General and Administrative expenses on our consolidated statements of operations.

Americas

Americas Operating Income – Three Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

Income from operations for the Americas increased to $20.5 million, up $2.1 million, or 11.0%, primarily due to a $3.1 million increase in sales and a higher gross margin, which was partially offset by higher operating expenses. Gross margin for the Americas segment increased from 50.6% to 54.2%, primarily due a lower level of discounts that we gave to our customers, as well as decreases in the costs of petroleum-based specialty chemicals, and the favorable impact of increases in average selling price. Operating expenses increased $2.3 million primarily due to higher employee-related costs as a result of increased headcount, annual compensation increases and increased stock-based compensation expense from period to period. Operating income as a percentage of net sales increased from 24.5% to 26.2% period over period.

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Americas Operating Income – Nine Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

Income from operations for the Americas increased to $46.3 million, up $0.5 million, or 1%, primarily due to a increase in sales of $10.4 million and a higher gross margin partially offset by higher operating expenses. Gross margin for the Americas segment increased from 50.2% to 51.7%, primarily due to decreases in the costs of petroleum-based specialty chemicals, the favorable impact of increases in average selling price and a lower level of discounts that we gave to our customers. These favorable impacts were partially offset by higher warehousing, distribution and freight costs increases as well as increases to miscellaneous other input costs. Operating expenses increased $7.8 million primarily due to higher employee-related costs as a result of increased headcount, higher accrued incentive compensation and annual compensation increases. In addition, operating expenses increased due to a higher level of A&P expenses, higher outbound freight costs primarily due to increased sales and an increase in provision for credit losses from period to period. Operating income as a percentage of net sales decreased from 22.6% to 21.7% period over period.

EIMEA

EIMEA Operating Income – Three Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

Income from operations for the EIMEA segment decreased to $12.0 million, down $1.7 million, or 12%, primarily due to due to higher operating expenses and decreased sales partially offset by higher gross margin. Operating expenses increased $1.9 million primarily due to higher employee-related costs as a result of higher accrued incentive compensation, annual compensation increases and increased headcount. In addition, operating expenses increased due to a higher level of professional service costs and travel and meeting expenses in support of our strategic framework. Gross margin for the EIMEA segment increased from 54.8% to 57.7% primarily due to the favorable impact of price increases as well as favorable changes in sales mix and market mix from period to period, and decreases to miscellaneous other input costs. Operating income as a percentage of net sales decreased from 23.1% to 21.2% period over period.

EIMEA Operating Income – Nine Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

Income from operations for the EIMEA segment increased to $41.0 million, up $5.7 million, or 16%, primarily due to a $11.3 million increase in sales and a higher gross margin, which was partially offset by higher operating expenses. Gross margin for the EIMEA segment increased from 54.4% to 57.9% primarily due to the favorable impact of price increases as well as decreases to miscellaneous other input costs, and decreases in the costs of aerosol cans. Operating expenses increased $6.5 million primarily due to the factors as discussed above in the section for the three months ended May 31, 2025, as well as a higher level of A&P expenses from period to period. Operating income as a percentage of net sales increased from 21.7% to 23.6% period over period.

Asia-Pacific

Asia-Pacific Operating Income – Three Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

Income from operations for the Asia-Pacific segment increased to $7.1 million, up $0.3 million, or 5%, primarily due to a $1.5 million increase in sales and a higher gross margin, partially offset by higher operating expenses. Gross margin for the Asia-Pacific segment increased from 57.6% to 59.0%, primarily due to a lower level of discounts that we gave to our customers partially offset by the unfavorable changes in sales mix and market mix from period to period. Operating expenses increased $0.8 million due to higher employee-related costs as a result of annual compensation increases as well as higher A&P expenses from period to period. Operating income as a percentage of net sales decreased slightly from 32.9% to 32.1%.

Asia-Pacific Operating Income – Nine Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

Income from operations for the Asia-Pacific segment decreased to $24.6 million, down $0.6 million, or 3%, due to higher operating expenses partially offset by increased sales and a higher gross margin, which increased slightly from 58.5% to 59.0%. Operating expenses increased $1.2 million primarily due to the factors as discussed above in the section for the three months ended May 31, 2025. Operating income as a percentage of net sales decreased from 36.4% to 35.4% period over period.

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Unallocated Corporate

Unallocated Corporate Expenses – Three Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

Unallocated corporate expenses increased to $12.2 million, up $0.6 million, or 5%, as a result of higher accrued incentive compensation expense from period to period.

Unallocated Corporate Expenses – Nine Months Ended – May 31, 2025 Compared to May 31, 2024

Unallocated corporate expenses increased to $36.2 million, up $2.1 million, or 6%, as a result higher accrued incentive compensation costs as well as amortization costs associated with the implementation of the ERP system in the U.S.

Non-Operating Items

The following table summarizes non-operating income and expenses for our consolidated operations (in thousands):

			Three Months Ended May 31,																		Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024						Change						2025						2024						Change
Interest income			$	104					$	136					$	(32)					$	358					$	276					$	82
Interest expense			$	887					$	1,182					$	(295)					$	2,781					$	3,336					$	(555)
Other income (expense), net			$	880					$	(283)					$	1,163					$	813					$	(516)					$	1,329
Provision for income taxes			$	6,485					$	6,005					$	480					$	4,404					$	15,865					$	(11,461)

Interest Income

Interest income remained relatively consistent for both the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024.

Interest Expense

Interest expense decreased by $0.3 million for the $0.6 million for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, primarily due to lower aggregate outstanding balances on our revolving credit agreement from period to period.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net changed favorably by $1.2 million and $1.3 million for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, primarily due to foreign currency exchange gains which were recorded for the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025 compared to net foreign currency exchange losses which were recorded in the same period of the prior fiscal year as a result of fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rates for both the Euro and the U.S. Dollar against the Pound Sterling.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes was 23.6% and 23.2% of income before income taxes for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Descriptions of impacts on our effective income tax rate are incorporated by reference to Part I—Item 1, “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” Note 13 — Income Taxes included in this report.

The provision for income taxes was 5.9% and 23.1% of income before income taxes for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Descriptions of impacts on our effective income tax rate are incorporated by reference to Part I—Item 1, “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” Note 13 — Income Taxes included in this report.

Net Income

Net income increased 6% to $21.0 million, or $1.54 per common share on a fully diluted basis, for the three months ended May 31, 2025 compared to $19.8 million, or $1.46 per common share on a fully diluted basis, for the three months ended May 31, 2024.

Net income increased 32% to $69.8 million, or $5.13 per common share on a fully diluted basis, for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 compared to $52.9 million, or $3.88 per common share on a fully diluted basis, for the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, we released an uncertain tax position that generated a

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favorable income tax adjustment of $11.9 million. Excluding this one-time benefit, net income would have increased $5.0 million, or 9%.

Performance Measures and Non-GAAP Reconciliations

In managing our business operations and assessing our financial performance, we supplement the information provided by our financial statements with certain non-GAAP performance measures. These performance measures are part of our current 55/30/25 business model, which includes gross margin, cost of doing business, and “Adjusted EBITDA” (defined below), the latter two of which are non-GAAP performance measures. Cost of doing business is defined as total operating expenses less amortization of definite-lived intangible assets, impairment charges related to intangible assets, amortization of implementation costs associated with cloud computing arrangements (“cloud computing amortization”) and depreciation in operating departments. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income before interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization of definite-lived intangible assets, and cloud computing amortization. We placed a new cloud-based enterprise resource planning system into service in the U.S., which we began to amortize in the second quarter of fiscal year 2024.

We target our gross margin to be 55% of net sales, our cost of doing business to be 30% of net sales, and our Adjusted EBITDA to be 25% of net sales. Results for these performance measures may vary from period to period depending on various factors, including economic conditions such as the inflationary environment we have experienced in the last several fiscal years, and our level of investment in activities for the future such as those related to quality assurance, regulatory compliance, information technology, sustainability, and intellectual property protection in order to safeguard our WD-40 brand. Our targets for gross margin, cost of doing business and Adjusted EBITDA are long-term in nature. We expect to make progress towards our cost of doing business and Adjusted EBITDA targets over time. Progression towards our cost of doing business and Adjusted EBITDA measures may be challenging if the anticipated divestiture of certain of our homecare and cleaning product businesses occurs, due to the low level of operating expenses associated with these businesses. Despite these potential challenges, we intend to focus our resources and proceeds from the anticipated sale of those brands on growing our higher growth and higher gross margin core business.

The following table summarizes the results of these performance measures:

			Three Months Ended May 31,												Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
Gross margin – GAAP			56		%				53		%				55		%				53		%
Cost of doing business as a percentage of net sales – non-GAAP			38		%				34		%				38		%				35		%
Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net sales – non-GAAP (1)			20		%				19		%				18		%				18		%

(1)Percentages may not aggregate to Adjusted EBITDA percentage due to rounding and because amounts recorded in other income (expense), net on our condensed consolidated statement of operations are not included as an adjustment to earnings in the Adjusted EBITDA calculation.

We use the performance measures above to establish financial goals and to gain an understanding of our comparative performance from period to period. We believe that these measures provide our stockholders with additional insights into how we run our business. We believe these measures also provide investors with additional financial information that should be considered when assessing our underlying business performance and trends. These non-GAAP financial measures are supplemental in nature and should not be considered in isolation or as alternatives to net income, income from operations or other financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP as indicators of our performance or operations. The use of any non-GAAP measure may produce results that vary from the GAAP measure and may not be comparable to a similarly defined non-GAAP measure used by other companies. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to our financial statements as prepared in accordance with GAAP are as follows:

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Cost of Doing Business (in thousands, except percentages)

			Three Months Ended May 31,												Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
Total operating expenses – GAAP			$	60,746					$	55,212					$	176,147					$	158,581
Amortization (1)			(475)						(640)						(1,401)						(1,456)
Depreciation (in operating departments)			(881)						(1,111)						(2,696)						(3,256)
Cost of doing business			$	59,390					$	53,461					$	172,050					$	153,869
Net sales			$	156,915					$	155,045					$	456,514					$	434,566
Cost of doing business as a percentage of net sales – non-GAAP			38		%				34		%				38		%				35		%

(1)    Includes amortization of definite-lived intangible assets and cloud computing amortization.

Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands, except percentages)

			Three Months Ended May 31,												Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
Net income – GAAP			$	20,977					$	19,842					$	69,753					$	52,860
Provision for income taxes			6,485						6,005						4,404						15,865
Interest income			(104)						(136)						(358)						(276)
Interest expense			887						1,182						2,781						3,336
Amortization (1)			475						640						1,401						1,456
Depreciation			1,992						2,200						5,963						6,380
Adjusted EBITDA			$	30,712					$	29,733					$	83,944					$	79,621
Net sales			$	156,915					$	155,045					$	456,514					$	434,566
Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net sales – non-GAAP			20		%				19		%				18		%				18		%

(1)    Includes amortization of definite-lived intangible assets and cloud computing amortization.

Adjusted EPS

During the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 we released a previously unrecognized tax benefit associated with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 mandatory “toll tax” on unremitted foreign earnings. This item is infrequent in nature and not reflective of the underlying operational results of our business. We have included a non-GAAP measure of Adjusted EPS which is defined as diluted EPS less benefits associated with this toll tax on unremitted earnings.

The following is a reconciliation of diluted EPS to Adjusted EPS:

			Three Months Ended May 31,												Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
Diluted EPS - GAAP			$	1.54					$	1.46					$	5.13					$	3.88
Release of Uncertain Tax Position - Tax Cut and Jobs Act (1)			—						—						(0.87)						—
Adjusted diluted EPS - Non-GAAP			$	1.54					$	1.46					$	4.26					$	3.88

(1)    Includes the tax impact on adjustment

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Our financial condition and liquidity remain strong. Although there continues to be uncertainty related to adverse global economic conditions, volatility in financial markets, the current inflationary environment and their impacts on our future results, we believe our efficient business model positions us to manage our business through such situations. We continue

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to manage all aspects of our business including, but not limited to, monitoring our liquidity, the financial health of our customers, suppliers and other third-party relationships, implementing gross margin enhancement strategies and developing new opportunities for growth.

Our principal sources of liquidity are cash generated from operations and cash currently available from our existing unsecured revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement with Bank of America, N.A. We use the revolving credit facility primarily for our general working capital needs. We also hold borrowings under the Note Agreement. See Note 8 — Debt for additional information on these agreements.

We have historically held a balance of outstanding draws on our line of credit in either U.S. Dollars in the Americas segment, or in Euros and Pounds Sterling in the EIMEA segment. Euro and Pound Sterling denominated draws fluctuate in U.S. Dollars from period to period due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We regularly convert many of our draws on our line of credit to new draws with new maturity dates and interest rates. We have the ability to refinance any draws under the line of credit with successive short-term borrowings through the April 30, 2029 maturity date of the Credit Agreement. Outstanding draws for which we have both the ability and intent to refinance with successive short-term borrowings for a period of at least twelve months are classified as long-term. As of May 31, 2025, $20.3 million of this facility was classified as long-term and was entirely denominated in Euros. $9.5 million was classified as short-term and was entirely denominated in U.S. Dollars. In the United States, we held $66.0 million in fixed rate long-term borrowings as of May 31, 2025, consisting of senior notes under our Note Agreement. We paid $0.8 million in principal payments on our Series A Notes during the first nine months of fiscal year 2025. There were no other letters of credit outstanding or restrictions on the amount available on our line of credit or notes. Per the terms of both the Note Agreement and the Credit Agreement, our consolidated leverage ratio cannot be greater than three and a half to one and our consolidated interest coverage ratio cannot be less than three to one. See Note 8 — Debt for additional information on these financial covenants. At May 31, 2025, we were in compliance with all material debt covenants. We continue to monitor our compliance with all debt covenants and, at the present time, we believe that the likelihood of being unable to satisfy all material covenants is remote. At May 31, 2025, we had a total of $51.7 million in cash and cash equivalents. We do not foresee any ongoing issues with repaying our borrowings and we closely monitor the use of this credit facility.

We believe that our future cash from domestic and international operations, together with our access to funds available under our unsecured revolving credit facility, will provide adequate resources to fund short-term and long-term operating requirements, capital expenditures, dividend payments, acquisitions, new business development activities and share repurchases.

On June 16, 2025, the Board approved the extension of the expiration date to August 31, 2026 for the 2023 Repurchase Plan, which became effective on September 1, 2023 and was set to expire August 31, 2025. We are authorized to acquire up to $50.0 million of our outstanding shares through this expiration date of August 31, 2026, of which $32.2 million remains available for the repurchase of shares of common stock as of May 31, 2025.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows by category for the periods presented (in thousands):

			Nine Months Ended May 31,
			2025						2024						Change
Net cash provided by operating activities			$	57,980					$	64,824					$	(6,844)
Net cash used in investing activities			(2,848)						(9,103)						6,255
Net cash used in financing activities			(49,321)						(58,145)						8,824
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents			(828)						(419)						(409)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents			$	4,983					$	(2,843)					$	7,826

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $6.8 million to $58.0 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2025. Cash flows from operating activities depend heavily on operating performance and changes in working capital. Our primary source of operating cash flows for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 was net income of $69.8 million, which increased approximately $16.9 million from period to period, primarily due to the release of the uncertain tax position in the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 that resulted in a net benefit of $11.9 million, as discussed in Note 13 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Changes in our working capital decreased net cash provided by operating activities by $14.8 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2025, compared to a $3.1 million increase in the prior period. The unfavorable $11.7 million net change in working capital was primarily due to changes in inventory, accounts payable, and other assets. Changes in inventory balances decreased net cash provided by operating activities by $11.7 million from period to period. We took deliberate actions to significantly decrease inventory levels during the nine months ended May 31, 2024, which actions resulted in a significant net cash inflow in the comparative period, whereas inventory levels remained relatively consistent in the current period. Changes in accounts payable balances decreased working capital $9.6 million primarily due to the timing of payments to vendors in the Americas from period to period. Changes in other asset balances decreased working capital by $6.2 million, primarily due to a $4.1 million increase in tax receivable due to timing of tax payments as well as a $0.7 million increase in assets related to cloud-based information systems.

These unfavorable changes in working capital were partially offset by favorable changes in trade and other accounts receivable balances of $20.4 million primarily due to the timing of collection of payments from customers, primarily in the U.S.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities decreased $6.3 million to $2.8 million. In the prior fiscal year, we acquired a Brazilian distributor for $6.2 million in cash as we shifted from an indirect distribution model to a direct model.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities decreased $8.8 million to $49.3 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 primarily due to net proceeds of $1.6 million on our revolving credit facility during the first nine months of the fiscal year, compared to net repayments of $11.6 million in the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year. This decrease in net cash used in financing activities was slightly offset by increases in dividends paid to stockholders of $2.3 million and increases of treasury stock repurchases of $1.6 million.

Effect of Exchange Rate Changes

All of our foreign subsidiaries currently operate in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar and a significant portion of our consolidated cash balance is denominated in these foreign functional currencies, particularly at our U.K. subsidiary. As a result, our cash and cash equivalents balances are subject to the effects of the fluctuations in these functional currencies against the U.S. Dollar at the end of each reporting period. The net effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, when expressed in U.S. Dollar terms, was a decrease in cash of $0.8 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 as compared to a decrease in cash of $0.4 million for the nine months ended May 31, 2024. These changes were primarily due to fluctuations in various foreign currency exchange rates from period to period, but the majority is related to the fluctuations in the Euro and Pound Sterling against the U.S. Dollar.

Commercial Commitments

We have ongoing relationships with various third-party suppliers (contract manufacturers) that manufacture our products and third-party distribution centers that warehouse and ship our products to customers. The contract manufacturers maintain title and control of certain raw materials and components, materials utilized in finished products, and the finished products themselves until shipment to our third-party distribution centers or customers in accordance with agreed upon shipment terms. Although we have contractual minimum purchase obligations with certain contract manufacturers, such obligations are immaterial or well below the volume of goods that we have historically purchased. In addition, in the ordinary course of business, we communicate supply needs to our contract manufacturers based on orders and short-term projections, ranging from two to six months. We are committed to purchase the products produced by the contract manufacturers based on the projections provided.

Upon the termination of contracts with contract manufacturers, we obtain certain inventory control rights and are obligated to work with the contract manufacturer to sell through all product held by or manufactured by the contract manufacturer on our behalf during the termination notification period. If any inventory remains at the contract manufacturer at the termination date, we are obligated to purchase such inventory, which may include raw materials, components and finished goods. The amounts for inventory purchased under termination commitments have been immaterial.

In addition to the commitments to purchase products from contract manufacturers described above, we may also enter into commitments with other manufacturers to purchase finished goods and components to support innovation initiatives and/or supply chain initiatives. As of May 31, 2025, no such commitments were outstanding.

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Share Repurchase Plans

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Part I—Item 1, “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” Note 9 — Share Repurchase Plan and Note 15 — Subsequent Events included in this report.

Dividends

On June 17, 2025, the Company’s Board declared a cash dividend of $0.94 per share payable on July 31, 2025 to stockholders of record at the close of business on July 18, 2025.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our operating results and financial condition is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Critical accounting estimates are those that involve subjective or complex judgments. The following areas all require the use of judgments and estimates: revenue recognition and accounting for income taxes. Estimates in each of these areas are based on historical experience and various judgments and assumptions that we believe are appropriate. Actual results may materially differ from these estimates.

There have been no material changes in our critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in Part II—Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” to our consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on October 21, 2024.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Information on Recently Issued Accounting Standards that could potentially impact our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures is incorporated by reference to Part I—Item 1, “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” Note 2 — Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, included in this report.

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Part II—Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on October 21, 2024.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures

The term “disclosure controls and procedures” is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). The term disclosure controls and procedures means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of May 31, 2025, the end of the period covered by this report (the “Evaluation Date”), and they have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, such controls and procedures were effective at ensuring that required information will be disclosed on a timely basis in the Company’s reports filed under the Exchange Act. Although management believes the Company’s existing disclosure controls and procedures are adequate to enable the Company to comply with its disclosure obligations, management continues to review and update such controls and procedures. The Company has a disclosure committee, which consists of certain members of the Company’s senior management.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended May 31, 2025 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in Part I—Item 1, “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” Note 12 — Commitments and Contingencies, included in this report.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I—Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on October 21, 2024. The risks described in our Annual Report are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we currently deem to be immaterial, could also materially adversely affect our operating results, financial condition or future business.

Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On June 16, 2025, the Board approved the extension of the expiration date to August 31, 2026 for the 2023 Repurchase Plan, which became effective on September 1, 2023 and was set to expire August 31, 2025. We are authorized to acquire up to $50.0 million of our outstanding shares through this expiration date of August 31, 2026, of which $32.2 million remains available for the repurchase of shares of common stock as of May 31, 2025. The timing and amount of repurchases are based on terms and conditions as may be acceptable to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, subject to present loan covenants and in compliance with all laws and regulations applicable thereto. During the nine months ended May 31, 2025, the Company repurchased 39,000 shares at an average price of $249.71 per share, for a total cost of $9.7 million under this $50.0 million plan.

The following table provides information with respect to all purchases made by the Company during the three months ended May 31, 2025. All purchases listed below were made in the open market at prevailing market prices and were executed pursuant to trading plans adopted by the Company pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act.

			Total # of Shares Purchased						Average Price Paid Per Share						Total Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans  & Programs						Max $ Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans & Programs
Period
March 1 – March 31			5,000						$	241.52					5,000						$	34,000,165
April 1 – April 30			4,000						$	234.14					4,000						$	33,063,597
May 1 – May 31			3,750						$	239.05					3,750						$	32,167,146
			12,750						$	238.48					12,750

Item 5.    Other Information

During the three months ended May 31, 2025, none of the Company’s directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) informed the Company of the adoption, modification or termination of a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6.    Exhibits

Exhibit No.						Description
3(a)						Certificate of Incorporation, incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed October 22, 2018, Exhibit 3(a) thereto.
3(b)						Amended and Restated Bylaws of WD-40 Company, incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed June 20, 2024, Exhibit 3.2 thereto.
31(a)						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31(b)						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32(a)						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32(b)						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101						The following materials from WD-40 Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended May 31, 2025, formatted in iXBRL (inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity; (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104						The cover page from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

			WD-40 COMPANY Registrant
Date: July 10, 2025			By:			/s/ STEVEN A. BRASS
						Steven A. Brass President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
			By:			/s/ SARA K. HYZER
						Sara K. Hyzer Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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FAQ

How much did WDFC revenue grow in FY-2025 YTD?

Net sales increased 5 % to $456.5 million for the nine months ended 31-May-2025.

What drove WD-40 Company's EPS increase?

Diluted EPS rose to $5.13 mainly due to higher gross margin and a $11.9 million tax benefit.

Which segments contributed most to growth?

The Americas (+5 %) and EIMEA (+7 %) segments delivered the bulk of revenue gains; Asia-Pacific was flat.

What is the status of the Homecare & Cleaning Products business?

Assets worth $9.3 million are classified as held for sale as management focuses on core maintenance brands.

How much authorization remains under the share-repurchase plan?

WD-40 has $32.2 million remaining after repurchasing 39,000 shares for $9.7 million YTD.

What dividend was declared after quarter-end?

On 17-Jun-2025 the Board declared a $0.94 per-share cash dividend payable 31-Jul-2025.