MerQube US Gold Vol Index performance and risk update (NYSE: AMJB)

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

The MerQube US Gold Vol Advantage Index is a rules-based index that provides exposure to an unfunded rolling position in Gold futures while targeting 35% volatility, with exposure that can range from 0% to 500% of the futures position. The index rebalances monthly based on one-month implied volatility and applies a 6.0% per annum daily deduction, which reduces index levels over time.

The index was established on February 11, 2025, with performance before that date shown as hypothetical backtested data and performance from February 11, 2025 through December 31, 2025 shown as actual. Over the 10-year period ending December 2025, the index shows a 40.16% annualized volatility and a 150.63% one-year return, while the S&P GSCI Gold Official Close Index ER shows lower volatility and returns over the same horizons. All pre-launch figures are backtested and the material repeatedly stresses that historical and backtested performance are not indicative of future results.

The document highlights numerous risks, including significant leverage, the possibility the index may be uninvested at times, gold and futures market risks, concentration risk, and the impact of the ongoing 6% annual deduction. It also notes that J.P. Morgan Securities LLC worked with MerQube on the methodology, and that investing in notes linked to the index involves substantial risk and may not be suitable for all investors.

Index supplement to the prospectus dated April 13, 2023, the prospectus supplement dated April 13, 2023, the prospectus addendum dated June 3, 2024, the product supplement no. 4 - I dated April 13, 2023 and the underlying supplement no. 5 - III dated March 5, 2025 Registration Statement Nos. 333 - 270004 and 333 - 270004 - 01 Dated January 13, 2026 Rule 424(b)(3) PERFORMANCE UPDATE The MerQube US Gold Vol Advantage Index attempts to provide a dynamic rules - based exposure to an unfunded rolling position in Gold futures (GC) (the “Futures Contracts”), while targeting a level volatility of 35 % , with a maximum exposure to the Futures Contracts of 500 % and a minimum exposure to the Futures Contracts of 0 % . The index rebalances every month based on 1 - month implied volatility of an unfunded rolling position in Gold futures . The Index is subject to a 6.0% per annum daily deduction. The Index was established on February 11, 2025. Levels are published on Bloomberg using the ticker MQUSGVA. Hypothetical and actual historical performance: Dec 2015 through Dec 2025 Please see the footnotes at the bottom of this page and “Backtesting” on the following page for information on backtested performance and proxies. Hypothetical and actual historical returns and volatilities: Dec 2015 through Dec 2025 MerQube US Gold Vol Advantage Index S&P GSCI Gold Official Close Index ER Backtested MerQube US Gold Vol Advantage Index S&P GSCI Gold Official Close Index ER Backtested Actua l 10 Year Volatility (Annualized) 10 Year Return (Annualized) 5 Year Return (Annualized) 3 Year Return (Annualized) 1 Year Return 40.16% 23.99% 29.27% 67.39% 150.63% MerQube US Gold Vol Advantage Index 15.36% 11.52% 13.33% 26.18% 55.87% S&P GSCI Gold Official Close Index ER Historical exposure at end - of - day: Oct 2025 through Dec 2025 Hypothetical and actual historical monthly and annual returns: Jan 2016 through Dec 2025 Year Dec Nov Oct Sep Aug Jul Jun May Apr Mar Feb Jan - 0.60% - 4.86% - 25.57% - 11.46% - 0.20% - 8.55% 4.85% 20.48% - 13.65% 10.03% 0.40% 26.25% 14.18% 2016 32.88% 11.89% - 1.10% - 4.72% - 9.95% 13.91% 7.74% - 11.31% 1.41% 4.46% - 2.16% 9.92% 12.86% 2017 - 23.67% 18.23% 1.28% 8.86% - 4.32% - 9.85% - 11.32% - 17.33% - 6.60% - 2.84% 0.97% - 7.67% 9.45% 2018 60.75% 12.70% - 10.83% 8.30% - 9.87% 21.47% 1.73% 36.58% 6.94% - 5.64% - 8.95% - 3.82% 9.88% 2019 46.84% 12.69% - 10.94% - 1.93% - 7.92% - 0.27% 16.01% 5.04% 4.02% 4.70% 9.44% - 0.35% 12.23% 2020 - 12.38% 7.18% - 1.91% 3.53% - 8.57% - 0.69% 5.86% - 18.91% 23.13% 8.21% - 3.26% - 15.13% - 5.60% 2021 - 12.15% 9.55% 13.59% - 4.62% - 9.89% - 7.67% - 7.04% - 5.47% - 8.39% - 3.82% 5.13% 15.66% - 5.52% 2022 14.20% 1.77% 5.81% 28.00% - 18.01% - 7.51% 6.14% - 6.29% - 5.13% 0.85% 18.53% - 14.48% 13.28% 2023 63.85% - 3.80% - 7.68% 7.03% 10.96% 5.35% 9.34% - 1.04% 1.14% 9.70% 29.37% - 2.22% - 2.90% 2024 150.63% 3.16% 8.63% 5.83% 23.68% 11.84% - 1.59% - 1.44% - 2.04% 13.05% 22.56% 0.87% 15.05% 2025 JANUARY 2026 MerQube US Gold Vol Advantage Index Historical performance measures for the Index represent hypothetical backtested performance through February 10, 2025 (labeled “Backtested” in the chart above); and actual performance from February 11, 2025 through December 31, 2025 (labeled “Actual” in the chart above). The hypothetical backtested and historical levels presented herein have not been verified by J.P. Morgan, and hypothetical historical levels have inherent limitations. PAST PERFORMANCE AND BACKTESTED PERFORMANCE ARE NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS. Please see the Disclaimer on the following page. Investing in the notes linked to the Index involves a number of risks. See “Selected Risks” on page 2 of this document, “Risk Factors” in the relevant product supplement and underlying supplement and “Selected Risk Considerations” in the relevant pricing supplement. Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the notes or passed upon the accuracy or the adequacy of this document or the accompanying product supplement, underlying supplement, prospectus supplement or prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal otfense. The notes are not bank deposits, are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency and are not obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank. December 2025 Exposure Period 170.42% 12/01 — 12/24 153.60% 12/26 — 12/31 October 2025 Exposure Period 209.54% 10/01 — 10/27 154.83% 10/28 — 10/31 November 2025 Exposure Period 154.83% 11/03 — 11/21 170.42% 11/24 — 11/28

JANUARY 2026 | MerQube US Gold Vol Advantage Index Selected Risks  Our affiliate, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (“JPMS”), coordinated with the Index Sponsor in the development of the Index.  The level of the Index will include a 6.0% per annum daily deduction.  MerQube (the “Index Sponsor”) may adjust the Index in a way that atfects its level, and the Index Sponsor has no obligation to consider your interests.  The Index may not approximate its target volatility.  The Index is subject to risks associated with the use of significant leverage.  The Index may be significantly uninvested.  The Index may be adversely atfected if later futures contracts have higher prices than an expiring futures contract included in the Index.  The Index is an “excess return” index and not a “total return” index because it does not reflect interest that could be earned on funds notionally committed to the trading of futures contracts.  The Index, which was established on February 11, 2025, has a limited operating history and may perform in unanticipated ways.  The Index is subject to significant risks associated with futures contracts, including volatility.  An investment linked to the Index will be subject to risks associated with gold.  Concentration risks associated with the Index may adversely atfect the value of investments linked to the Index.  Suspension or disruptions of market trading in the futures contracts included in the Index may adversely atfect the value of investments linked to the Index.  The official settlement price and intraday trading prices of the relevant futures contracts included in the Index may not be readily available.  Changes in the margin requirements for the underlying futures contracts included in the Index may adversely atfect the value of investments linked to the Index.  The Index may not be successful or outperform any alternative strategy that may be employed in respect of the futures contracts. The risks identified above are not exhaustive. You should also review carefully the related “Risk Factors” section in the prospectus supplement and the relevant product supplement and underlying supplement and the “Selected Risk Considerations” in the relevant pricing supplement. Disclaimer The information contained in this document is for discussion purposes only . Any information relating to performance contained in these materials is illustrative and no assurance is given that any indicative returns, performance or results, whether historical or hypothetical, will be achieved . These terms are subject to change, and J . P . Morgan undertakes no duty to update this information . This document shall be amended, superseded and replaced in its entirety by a subsequent preliminary pricing supplement and/or pricing supplement, and the documents referred to therein . In the event any inconsistency between the information presented herein and any such preliminary pricing supplement and/or pricing supplement, such preliminary pricing supplement and/or pricing supplement shall govern . Backtesting : Hypothetical backtested performance measures have inherent limitations . Alternative modelling techniques might produce significantly ditferent results and may prove to be more appropriate . Past performance, and especially hypothetical back - tested performance, is not indicative of future results . This type of information has inherent limitations and you should carefully consider these limitations before placing reliance on such information . Use of hypothetical backtested returns Any backtested historical performance and weighting information included herein is hypothetical . The constituent may not have traded in the manner shown in the hypothetical backtest of the Index included herein, and no representation is being made that the Index will achieve similar performance . The hypothetical historical levels presented herein have not been verified by an independent third party, and such hypothetical historical levels have inherent limitations . There are frequently significant ditferences between hypothetical backtested performance and actual subsequent performance . The results obtained from backtesting information should not be considered indicative of the actual results that might be obtained from an investment in notes referencing the Index . J . P . Morgan provides no assurance or guarantee that notes linked to the Index will operate or would have operated in the past in a manner consistent with these materials . The hypothetical historical levels presented herein have not been verified by an independent third party, and such hypothetical historical levels have inherent limitations . Alternative simulations, techniques, modeling or assumptions might produce significantly ditferent results and prove to be more appropriate . Actual results will vary, perhaps materially, from the hypothetical backtested returns and allocations presented in this document . HISTORICAL AND BACKTESTED PERFORMANCE AND ALLOCATIONS ARE NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS . Hypothetical back - tested performance measures have inherent limitations . Hypothetical back - tested performance is derived by means of the retroactive application of a back - tested model that has been designed with the benefit of hindsight . Hypothetical back - tested results are neither an indicator nor a guarantee of future returns . Alternative modelling techniques might produce significantly ditferent results and may prove to be more appropriate . A copy of the index methodology is available upon request or can be viewed on MerQube’s website . MerQube performed the calculation of the hypothetical back - tested performance data . Neither J . P . Morgan Securities LLC (JPMS), nor any of its affiliates paid MerQube to perform these calculations . JPMS has entered into a license agreement with MerQube, Inc . that provides for an exclusive license to it and certain of its affiliated or subsidiary companies, in exchange for a fee, of the right to use the Indices, which are owned and published by MerQube, Inc . JPMS worked with MerQube in developing the guidelines and policies governing the composition and calculation of the Index . The policies and judgments for which JPMS was responsible could have an impact, positive or negative, on the level of the Index and the value of your notes . JPMS is under no obligation to consider your interests as an investor in the notes in its role in developing the guidelines and policies governing the Index or making judgments that may atfect the level of the Index . The 10 Year Volatility (Annualized) on the previous page is a measure of market risk, calculated as of the square root of two hundred and fifty - two ( 252 ) multiplied by the sample standard deviation of the daily logarithmic returns of each applicable index or portfolio (considering only days for which levels are available for all three) over the preceding 10 years . Investment suitability must be determined individually for each investor, and notes linked to the Index may not be suitable for all investors . This material is not a product of J . P . Morgan Research Departments . Neither MerQube, Inc . nor any of its affiliates (collectively, “MerQube”) is the issuer or producer of any investment linked to the Index referenced herein and MerQube has no duties, responsibilities, or obligations to investors in such investment . The Index is a product of MerQube and has been licensed for use by JPMS (“Licensee”) and its affiliates . Such index is calculated using, among other things, market data or other information (“Input Data”) from one or more sources (each a “Data Provider”) . MerQube® is a registered trademark of MerQube, Inc . These trademarks have been licensed for certain purposes by Licensee, including use by Licensee’s affiliate in its capacity as the issuer of investments linked to the Index . Such investments are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by MerQube, any Data Provider, or any other third party, and none of such parties make any representation regarding the advisability of investing in such product(s) nor do they have any liability for any errors, omissions, or interruptions of the Input Data, Index or any associated data . Copyright © 2026 JPMorgan Chase & Co . All rights reserved . For additional regulatory disclosures, please consult : www . jpmorgan . com/disclosures . Information contained on this website is not incorporated by reference in, and should not be considered part of, this document . This monthly update document replaces and supersedes all prior written materials of this type previously provided with respect to the Index .

FAQ

What is the MerQube US Gold Vol Advantage Index linked to AMJB?

The MerQube US Gold Vol Advantage Index provides dynamic exposure to an unfunded rolling position in Gold futures contracts while targeting a 35% volatility level. It can adjust its exposure between 0% and 500% of the gold futures position and includes a 6.0% per annum daily deduction from index levels.

How has the MerQube US Gold Vol Advantage Index performed historically?

For the 10-year period through December 2025, the index shows an annualized volatility of 40.16% and a one-year return of 150.63%. Performance prior to February 11, 2025 is hypothetical backtested data, and performance from February 11, 2025 through December 31, 2025 is actual. The document emphasizes that both historical and backtested results are not indicative of future performance.

How does the MerQube US Gold Vol Advantage Index compare to the S&P GSCI Gold Index?

Over the same 10-year period ending December 2025, the MerQube US Gold Vol Advantage Index reports higher annualized volatility (40.16%) and higher annualized and recent returns than the S&P GSCI Gold Official Close Index ER, which shows a 10-year annualized volatility of 15.36% and lower return figures. These comparisons combine hypothetical backtested data and actual performance as labeled in the document.

What are the key risks of investing in notes linked to the MerQube US Gold Vol Advantage Index?

Key risks include the 6.0% per annum daily deduction, the use of significant leverage (up to 500% futures exposure), the possibility that the index may be significantly uninvested, and risks tied to gold and futures markets. The document also notes concentration risk, potential adverse effects from futures term structure, trading disruptions, margin changes, and that the index has a limited operating history since February 11, 2025.

What portion of the MerQube US Gold Vol Advantage Index performance is backtested versus actual?

Index performance from December 2015 through February 10, 2025 is shown as hypothetical backtested performance. Performance from February 11, 2025 through December 31, 2025 is labeled as actual. The material repeatedly warns that backtested results have inherent limitations and are not a guarantee of future outcomes.

Where can investors find live levels of the MerQube US Gold Vol Advantage Index?

Index levels are published on Bloomberg under the ticker MQUSGVA. A copy of the index methodology is available upon request or via MerQube’s website, as referenced in the document.

Who is involved in creating and maintaining the MerQube US Gold Vol Advantage Index?

The index is sponsored and calculated by MerQube. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (JPMS) worked with MerQube to develop the guidelines and policies governing index composition and calculation and has a license agreement to use the index for structured investments. The document notes that JPMS is under no obligation to consider investors’ interests when making index-related judgments.