Nova Lifestyle Financials
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) reported $16.7M in revenue for fiscal year 2025, up 72.6% from the prior fiscal year. This page shows its income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, and key financial ratios. View 15 years of annual fundamentals and quarterly data, with year-over-year growth rates and compound annual growth rates (CAGR). All figures are derived from SEC filings (10-K and 10-Q reports).
The latest year was a balance-sheet recapitalization, with external financing rebuilding liquidity faster than operations rebuilt profits.
The latest year left total equity at$28.0M even though retained earnings sat at-$53.4M , which means the stronger balance sheet came from fresh capital rather than accumulated profits. Debt-to-equity dropped to 0.3x as shares outstanding expanded to 41.9M, so the company effectively repaired leverage by issuing much more equity instead of earning its way out.
Gross margin fell to
The year-end cash cushion of
Financial Health Signals
Scored against emerging companies for FY2025. Each of the six dimensions is a percentile rank within that peer group; the overall is their average, with missing dimensions counted as zero out of six. A high score means strong standing among peers, not absolute cross-industry strength. How this score is calculated →
Health score ≠ stock price. This rates the quality of Nova Lifestyle's business: profitability, growth, balance sheet strength. It doesn't tell you whether the stock is a good buy at today's price. Not financial advice. Use it alongside valuation analysis and your own research.
Not available for Nova Lifestyle, and counted as zero in the overall score.
Nova Lifestyle scores 8.42, well above the 2.99 safe threshold. The score is driven primarily by a large market capitalization ($125.3M) relative to total liabilities ($7.6M). This indicates low bankruptcy risk based on profitability, leverage, and asset efficiency.
Distress-screening estimate for non-financial companies. Not computed for banks or insurers, where the Altman model does not apply.
Nova Lifestyle passes 3 of 8 computable financial strength tests (1 of the nine could not be computed from available data). 2 of 4 profitability signals pass, 1 of 2 leverage/liquidity signals pass, neither operating efficiency signal passes.
Nova Lifestyle reported a net loss of $3.4M while operations used $446K of cash. With neither figure positive, the ratio between the two carries no quality signal.
Nova Lifestyle reported an operating loss of $1.9M against $77K in interest expense. There is no operating profit to cover interest, so interest must be met from cash reserves or from financing rather than from operations.
Key Financial Metrics
Earnings & Revenue
Nova Lifestyle generated $16.7M in revenue in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 72.6% from the prior year.
Nova Lifestyle's EBITDA was -$1.9M in fiscal year 2025, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. This represents an increase of 63.8% from the prior year.
Nova Lifestyle reported -$3.4M in net income in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 38.5% from the prior year.
Cash & Balance Sheet
Nova Lifestyle held $6.7M in cash as of fiscal year 2025; long-term debt is not reported for that period.
Not reported for fiscal year 2025.
Not reported for fiscal year 2025.
Margins & Returns
Nova Lifestyle's gross margin was 25.0% in fiscal year 2025, indicating the percentage of revenue retained after direct costs. This is down 18.9 percentage points from the prior year.
Nova Lifestyle's operating margin was -11.5% in fiscal year 2025, reflecting core business profitability. This is up 43.8 percentage points from the prior year.
Nova Lifestyle's net profit margin was -20.4% in fiscal year 2025, showing the share of revenue converted to profit. This is up 37.0 percentage points from the prior year.
Nova Lifestyle's ROE was -12.2% in fiscal year 2025, measuring profit generated per dollar of shareholder equity. This is up 165.8 percentage points from the prior year.
Capital Allocation
None of these metrics is reported for fiscal year 2025.
NVFY Income Statement
Figures in USD, abbreviated K (thousand), M (million), B (billion), T (trillion). Negative values carry a minus sign and red type.
| Metric | TTM | FY25 | FY24 | FY23 | FY22 | FY21 | FY20 | FY19 | FY18 | FY17 | FY16 | FY15 | FY14 | FY13 | FY12 | FY11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $15.9M | $16.7M+72.6% | $9.7M-12.6% | $11.1M-13.0% | $12.7M+1.5% | $12.6M+10.6% | $11.4M-48.4% | $22.0M-72.9% | $81.2M-23.8% | $106.5M+14.9% | $92.6M+3.0% | $89.9M-8.9% | $98.7M+26.0% | $78.4M+18.2% | $66.3M+53.6% | $43.2M |
| Cost of Revenue | $12.0M | $12.5M+130.6% | $5.4M-21.4% | $6.9M-66.3% | $20.5M+191.8% | $7.0M-77.5% | $31.2M+51.0% | $20.7M-68.6% | $65.8M-23.5% | $86.1M+8.8% | $79.1M+6.0% | $74.7M-5.9% | $79.3M+25.9% | $63.0M+22.1% | $51.6M+66.1% | $31.0M |
| Gross Profit | $3.9M | $4.2M-1.5% | $4.2M+1.8% | $4.2M+153.6% | -$7.8M-240.9% | $5.5M+127.8% | -$19.9M-1638.2% | $1.3M-91.6% | $15.4M-24.8% | $20.4M+51.0% | $13.5M-11.5% | $15.3M-21.2% | $19.4M+26.2% | $15.4M+4.3% | $14.7M+21.6% | $12.1M |
| R&D Expenses | N/A | N/A | $2.0M-35.9% | $3.1M+28462.1% | $11K-90.1% | $110K+226.8% | $34K | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | $1.1M-14.1% | $1.2M+192.7% | $427K-14.3% | $498K+202.2% | $165K |
| SG&A Expenses | $4.7M | $4.7M-21.8% | $6.1M+19.8% | $5.1M-8.8% | $5.5M-1.9% | $5.7M+21.2% | $4.7M-15.3% | $5.5M-16.0% | $6.6M-30.9% | $9.5M+5.8% | $9.0M+49.0% | $6.0M-23.1% | $7.8M+32.1% | $5.9M+23.6% | $4.8M+44.8% | $3.3M |
| Operating Income | -$2.3M | -$1.9M+64.0% | -$5.4M+16.4% | -$6.4M+60.4% | -$16.2M-320.2% | -$3.9M+85.3% | -$26.3M-353.8% | -$5.8M-220.1% | $4.8M-29.1% | $6.8M+988.1% | -$766K-116.5% | $4.6M-11.8% | $5.3M-13.4% | $6.1M-8.9% | $6.7M-4.1% | $6.9M |
| Interest Expense | -$65K | -$77K-146.9% | -$31K-229.1% | -$9K+62.3% | -$25K+79.5% | -$123K-790.1% | $18K-31.0% | $26K-84.7% | $170K-2.8% | $174K-38.6% | $284K+3.0% | $276K+74.1% | $158K+154.2% | -$292K-54.8% | -$189K-13571.3% | $1K |
| Income Tax | -$581K | -$581K-22326.0% | $3K-99.6% | $731K+30362.2% | $2K-98.5% | $164K+125.2% | -$649K-358.6% | $251K+134.0% | -$739K-126.8% | $2.8M+429.9% | -$837K-618.2% | $161K-83.5% | $981K+63.6% | $599K-44.1% | $1.1M-26.6% | $1.5M |
| Net Income | -$2.9M | -$3.4M+38.5% | -$5.6M+28.0% | -$7.7M+54.8% | -$17.1M+14.3% | -$20.0M+23.5% | -$26.1M-203.2% | -$8.6M-262.3% | $5.3M+40.8% | $3.8M+436.7% | -$1.1M-150.8% | $2.2M-74.3% | $8.6M+75.8% | $4.9M-10.4% | $5.4M+1.3% | $5.4M |
| EPS (Diluted) | — | -$0.17 | -$1.48 | -$4.96 | -$12.34 | N/A | -$4.54-198.7% | -$1.52-263.4% | $0.93 | $0.14+450.0% | -$0.04-140.0% | $0.10-76.2% | $0.42+68.0% | $0.25-13.8% | $0.29-21.6% | $0.37 |
TTM is the trailing twelve months, Q2 FY2025 through Q1 FY2026, summed from the four most recent quarterly filings. A row marked — cannot be summed at all, because a quarter in the window reports no per-share figure; a row marked N/A could be summed, but a quarter in the window does not report that metric.
NVFY Balance Sheet
Figures in USD, abbreviated K (thousand), M (million), B (billion), T (trillion). Negative values carry a minus sign and red type.
| Metric | FY25 | FY24 | FY23 | FY22 | FY21 | FY20 | FY19 | FY18 | FY17 | FY16 | FY15 | FY14 | FY13 | FY12 | FY11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Assets | $35.5M+258.4% | $9.9M+59.0% | $6.2M-45.9% | $11.5M-60.9% | $29.5M-36.5% | $46.5M-35.0% | $71.6M-20.6% | $90.1M+12.8% | $79.9M+3.7% | $77.0M-14.2% | $89.7M+11.3% | $80.7M+33.2% | $60.6M+19.3% | $50.8M+45.8% | $34.8M |
| Current Assets | $11.8M+48.6% | $7.9M+111.5% | $3.7M-54.3% | $8.2M-67.9% | $25.6M-40.9% | $43.3M-36.8% | $68.5M-19.8% | $85.4M+14.1% | $74.9M+6.9% | $70.0M+6.4% | $65.8M+16.1% | $56.7M+48.8% | $38.1M+18.3% | $32.2M+33.3% | $24.2M |
| Cash & Equivalents | $6.7M+4043.5% | $162K-56.1% | $369K-73.1% | $1.4M-78.1% | $6.3M-28.2% | $8.7M-1.6% | $8.9M+3548.3% | $244K-95.7% | $5.7M+121.1% | $2.6M+161.9% | $988K-20.6% | $1.2M-46.4% | $2.3M-26.3% | $3.2M+25.8% | $2.5M |
| Inventory | $2.2M-23.4% | $2.8M+27.6% | $2.2M-55.1% | $4.9M+87.8% | $2.6M-92.0% | $32.8M+10.4% | $29.7M+366.6% | $6.4M-0.1% | $6.4M+129.2% | $2.8M+10.6% | $2.5M-30.4% | $3.6M+7.7% | $3.4M+3.5% | $3.2M+75.4% | $1.8M |
| Accounts Receivable | $2.4M+6623.1% | $36K-22.6% | $47K-83.7% | $288K+179.0% | $103K-79.9% | $515K+32.0% | $390K-99.4% | $66.6M+23.3% | $54.0M+28.3% | $42.1M-1.4% | $42.7M-0.7% | $43.0M+53.6% | $28.0M+24.9% | $22.4M+18.0% | $19.0M |
| Goodwill | N/A | $219K0.0% | $219K0.0% | $219K0.0% | $219K0.0% | $219K0.0% | $219K0.0% | $219K0.0% | $219K0.0% | $219K0.0% | $219K0.0% | $219K-78.7% | $1.0M+369.9% | $219K0.0% | $219K |
| Total Liabilities | $7.6M+11.7% | $6.8M+18.3% | $5.7M+16.7% | $4.9M-19.1% | $6.1M+9.6% | $5.6M+0.7% | $5.5M-63.7% | $15.2M+33.1% | $11.4M-17.2% | $13.8M-53.7% | $29.8M+3.1% | $28.9M+32.2% | $21.8M+7.1% | $20.4M+70.5% | $12.0M |
| Current Liabilities | $2.4M-58.9% | $5.8M+57.9% | $3.7M+124.6% | $1.6M-9.5% | $1.8M-10.4% | $2.0M+38.3% | $1.5M-87.6% | $11.8M+341.5% | $2.7M-77.0% | $11.6M-32.3% | $17.2M-22.4% | $22.2M+140.5% | $9.2M-41.2% | $15.7M+98.9% | $7.9M |
| Total Equity | $28.0M+795.1% | $3.1M+529.3% | $496K-92.5% | $6.6M-71.8% | $23.4M-42.7% | $40.9M-38.0% | $66.0M-11.8% | $74.9M+9.4% | $68.4M+8.2% | $63.3M+5.5% | $60.0M+15.9% | $51.8M+33.7% | $38.7M+27.5% | $30.4M+32.8% | $22.9M |
| Retained Earnings | -$53.4M-6.8% | -$50.0M-12.5% | -$44.4M-21.0% | -$36.7M-87.2% | -$19.6M-5679.6% | $351K-98.7% | $26.4M-24.6% | $35.0M+17.8% | $29.7M+12.8% | $26.3M-1.1% | $26.6M+9.0% | $24.4M+53.9% | $15.9M+44.2% | $11.0M+97.5% | $5.6M |
Not reported in any period shown, so not listed: Long-Term Debt.
NVFY Cash Flow Statement
Figures in USD, abbreviated K (thousand), M (million), B (billion), T (trillion). Negative values carry a minus sign and red type.
| Metric | TTM | FY25 | FY24 | FY23 | FY22 | FY21 | FY20 | FY19 | FY18 | FY17 | FY16 | FY15 | FY14 | FY13 | FY12 | FY11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating Cash Flow | -$765K | -$446K+68.0% | -$1.4M+11.9% | -$1.6M+70.6% | -$5.4M-12.2% | -$4.8M-130.4% | -$2.1M-113.9% | $14.9M+316.3% | -$6.9M-424.4% | -$1.3M+79.6% | -$6.4M-51.8% | -$4.2M+34.5% | -$6.5M-15196.9% | $43K-94.8% | $827K+277.5% | -$466K |
| Capital Expenditures | N/A | N/A | $14K | N/A | $9K-92.1% | $111K-69.7% | $365K+1309.3% | $26K-5.9% | $28K+2.7% | $27K+98.7% | $13K | $0-100.0% | $1.6M+222.3% | $502K-23.0% | $652K+10.6% | $589K |
| Free Cash Flow | N/A | N/A | -$1.4M | N/A | -$5.4M-9.9% | -$4.9M-100.5% | -$2.4M-116.4% | $14.9M+315.0% | -$6.9M-415.9% | -$1.3M+79.2% | -$6.4M-52.2% | -$4.2M+47.6% | -$8.1M-1657.8% | -$459K-362.4% | $175K+116.6% | -$1.1M |
| Investing Cash Flow | N/A | -$22.8M-161419.8% | -$14K-175.7% | $19K+312.5% | -$9K+94.3% | -$155K-123.0% | $673K+2697.3% | -$26K+5.9% | -$28K-100.3% | $8.2M+34.8% | $6.1M+346.5% | -$2.5M+40.2% | -$4.1M-4.1% | -$4.0M+54.9% | -$8.8M-374.9% | -$1.9M |
| Financing Cash Flow | $41.7M | $29.8M+2430.9% | $1.2M | N/A | N/A | $2.8M+492.4% | $466K+106.8% | -$6.9M-430.4% | $2.1M+155.0% | -$3.8M-296.1% | $1.9M-70.2% | $6.5M-32.2% | $9.5M+208.9% | $3.1M-64.3% | $8.6M+125.5% | $3.8M |
| Share Buybacks | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | $0-100.0% | $616K | $0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Not reported in any period shown, so not listed: Dividends Paid.
TTM is the trailing twelve months, Q2 FY2025 through Q1 FY2026, summed from the four most recent quarterly filings. A row marked — cannot be summed at all, because a quarter in the window reports no per-share figure; a row marked N/A could be summed, but a quarter in the window does not report that metric.
NVFY Financial Ratios
Margins and returns are percentages; the remaining ratios are unitless multiples.
| Metric | FY25 | FY24 | FY23 | FY22 | FY21 | FY20 | FY19 | FY18 | FY17 | FY16 | FY15 | FY14 | FY13 | FY12 | FY11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross Margin | 25.0%-18.9pp | 43.9%+6.2pp | 37.6%+98.7pp | -61.1%-105.0pp | 44.0% | -175.3% | 5.9%-13.0pp | 18.9%-0.3pp | 19.2%+4.6pp | 14.6%-2.4pp | 17.0%-2.7pp | 19.7%0.0pp | 19.6%-2.6pp | 22.2%-5.9pp | 28.1% |
| Operating Margin | -11.5%+43.8pp | -55.4%+2.5pp | -57.9% | -127.3% | -30.8% | -231.8% | -26.4%-32.3pp | 5.9%-0.4pp | 6.4%+7.2pp | -0.8%-6.0pp | 5.1%-0.2pp | 5.3%-2.4pp | 7.7%-2.3pp | 10.0%-6.0pp | 16.1% |
| Net Margin | -20.4%+37.0pp | -57.4%+12.2pp | -69.7% | -134.2% | -159.0% | -229.8% | -39.1%-45.6pp | 6.5%+3.0pp | 3.5%+4.8pp | -1.2%-3.7pp | 2.5%-6.2pp | 8.7%+2.5pp | 6.2%-2.0pp | 8.2%-4.2pp | 12.4% |
| Return on Equity | -12.2%+165.8pp | -178.1%+1377.9pp | -1556.0%-1297.4pp | -258.6%-173.5pp | -85.2%-21.4pp | -63.7%-50.7pp | -13.0%-20.1pp | 7.1%+1.6pp | 5.5%+7.3pp | -1.8%-5.4pp | 3.7%-12.8pp | 16.5%+4.0pp | 12.6%-5.3pp | 17.9%-5.6pp | 23.5% |
| Return on Assets | -9.6%+46.5pp | -56.1%+67.7pp | -123.8%+24.5pp | -148.3%-80.7pp | -67.6%-11.5pp | -56.1%-44.1pp | -12.0%-17.9pp | 5.9%+1.2pp | 4.7%+6.2pp | -1.5%-3.9pp | 2.5%-8.2pp | 10.6%+2.6pp | 8.0%-2.7pp | 10.7%-4.7pp | 15.4% |
| Current Ratio | 4.92+3.6x | 1.36+0.3x | 1.02-4.0x | 4.99-9.1x | 14.09-7.3x | 21.38-25.4x | 46.77+39.5x | 7.22-20.7x | 27.95+21.9x | 6.02+2.2x | 3.83+1.3x | 2.56-1.6x | 4.13+2.1x | 2.06-1.0x | 3.07 |
| Debt-to-Equity | 0.27-1.9x | 2.18-9.4x | 11.57+10.8x | 0.74+0.5x | 0.26+0.1x | 0.14+0.1x | 0.08-0.1x | 0.200.0x | 0.17-0.1x | 0.22-0.3x | 0.50-0.1x | 0.560.0x | 0.56-0.1x | 0.67+0.1x | 0.52 |
| FCF Margin | N/A | -14.5% | N/A | -42.2%-3.2pp | -39.0%-17.5pp | -21.5%-89.1pp | 67.6%+76.1pp | -8.5%-7.2pp | -1.3%+5.7pp | -7.0%-2.3pp | -4.7%+3.5pp | -8.2%-7.6pp | -0.6%-0.9pp | 0.3%+2.7pp | -2.4% |
Reported as filed but not readable as a share of revenue in the periods where the ratio runs further from zero than a revenue base allows; no change figure is given where either compared period is one of those: Gross Margin, Operating Margin, Net Margin.
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Where Nova Lifestyle Ranks
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Nova Lifestyle's annual revenue?
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) reported $16.7M in total revenue for fiscal year 2025. This represents a 72.6% change compared to the previous fiscal year. Revenue measures the total income earned from the company's primary business operations before any expenses are deducted.
How fast is Nova Lifestyle's revenue growing?
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) revenue grew by 72.6% year-over-year, from $9.7M to $16.7M in fiscal year 2025.
Is Nova Lifestyle profitable?
No, Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) reported a net income of -$3.4M in fiscal year 2025, with a net profit margin of -20.4%.
What is Nova Lifestyle's EBITDA?
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) had EBITDA of -$1.9M in fiscal year 2025, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.
What is Nova Lifestyle's gross margin?
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) had a gross margin of 25.0% in fiscal year 2025, indicating the percentage of revenue retained after direct costs of goods sold.
What is Nova Lifestyle's operating margin?
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) had an operating margin of -11.5% in fiscal year 2025, reflecting the profitability of core business operations before interest and taxes.
What is Nova Lifestyle's net profit margin?
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) had a net profit margin of -20.4% in fiscal year 2025, representing the share of revenue converted into profit after all expenses.
What is Nova Lifestyle's return on equity (ROE)?
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) has a return on equity of -12.2% for fiscal year 2025, measuring how efficiently the company generates profit from shareholder equity.
What is Nova Lifestyle's operating cash flow?
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) recorded an outflow of $446K in operating cash flow during fiscal year 2025, representing cash used by core business activities.
What are Nova Lifestyle's total assets?
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) had $35.5M in total assets as of fiscal year 2025, including both current and long-term assets.
What is Nova Lifestyle's current ratio?
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) had a current ratio of 4.92 as of fiscal year 2025, which is generally considered healthy.
What is Nova Lifestyle's debt-to-equity ratio?
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) had a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.27 as of fiscal year 2025, measuring the company's financial leverage by comparing total debt to shareholder equity.
What is Nova Lifestyle's return on assets (ROA)?
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) had a return on assets of -9.6% for fiscal year 2025, measuring how efficiently the company uses its assets to generate profit.
What is Nova Lifestyle's cash runway?
Based on fiscal year 2025 data, Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) had $6.7M in cash against an annual operating cash burn of $446K. This gives an estimated cash runway of approximately 181 months at the current burn rate. Cash runway measures how long a company can continue operating before running out of cash, assuming no additional funding.
What is Nova Lifestyle's Altman Z-Score?
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) has an Altman Z-Score of 8.42, placing it in the Safe Zone (low bankruptcy risk). The Z-Score combines five financial ratios (working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market capitalization, and revenue relative to total assets) to predict the likelihood of bankruptcy. Scores above 2.99 indicate financial safety while scores below 1.81 suggest financial distress. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.
What is Nova Lifestyle's Piotroski F-Score?
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) has a Piotroski F-Score of 3 out of 8 computable signals; 1 of the nine could not be computed from available data, so the full-scale strength rating is not shown. The F-Score evaluates nine binary signals across profitability (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, earnings quality), leverage (decreasing debt, improving liquidity, no share dilution), and operating efficiency (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Scores of 7 to 9 indicate strong and improving fundamentals. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.
Are Nova Lifestyle's earnings high quality?
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) reported a net loss of $3.4M while operations used $446K of cash. With neither figure positive, the ratio between the two carries no quality signal. This ratio compares operating cash flow to net income. A ratio above 1.0x means the company generates more cash than its reported earnings, indicating sustainable, cash-backed profits. Ratios below 1.0x suggest earnings rely on accounting accruals rather than actual cash generation. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.
Can Nova Lifestyle cover its interest payments?
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) reported an operating loss of $1.9M against $77K in interest expense. There is no operating profit to cover interest, so interest must be met from cash reserves or from financing rather than from operations. This ratio divides operating income by interest expense. Ratios above 5x indicate strong debt-servicing ability, while ratios below 2x suggest the company may face difficulty meeting interest payments if earnings decline. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.
How financially healthy is Nova Lifestyle?
Nova Lifestyle (NVFY) scores 55 out of 100 on our Financial Health Score, indicating moderate standing within its emerging companies peer group. The score is a 0-100 composite of six dimensions (Cash Runway, Dilution, R&D Intensity, Revenue Progress, Burn Trend, Balance Sheet), each ranked as a percentile relative to companies in the same scoring family (banks against banks, REITs against REITs, and so on) rather than across all industries. It rates the quality of the business, not whether the stock is fairly priced, and is not financial advice. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.