What is Orasure Tech's earnings per share (EPS)?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) reported diluted earnings per share of $-0.94 for fiscal year 2025. This represents a -261.5% change compared to the previous fiscal year. EPS represents the portion of a company's net income allocated to each outstanding share of common stock and is widely used to evaluate profitability on a per-share basis.

Orasure Tech Financials

OSUR

Source SEC Filings (10-K/10-Q) Updated Dec 31, 2025 Currency USD FYE December

This page shows Orasure Tech (OSUR) financial statements, including the income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, and key financial ratios. View 17 years of annual fundamentals and quarterly data, with year-over-year growth rates and compound annual growth rates (CAGR). All figures are derived from SEC filings (10-K and 10-Q reports).

Financial Health Signals

Financial Profile 33/100

Based on FY2025 annual data. Scores normalized against common benchmarks. How we calculate these scores

Profitability

Orasure Tech has an operating margin of -62.6%, meaning the company retains $-63 of operating profit per $100 of revenue. This below-average margin results in a low score of 0/100, suggesting thin profitability after operating expenses. This is down from -15.2% the prior year.

Growth

Orasure Tech's revenue declined 38.1% year-over-year, from $185.8M to $115.0M. This contraction results in a growth score of 0/100.

Leverage

Orasure Tech carries a low D/E ratio of 0.18, meaning only $0.18 of long-term debt for every $1 of shareholders' equity. This conservative leverage earns a score of 98/100, indicating a strong balance sheet with room for future borrowing.

Liquidity

100

With a current ratio of 6.58, Orasure Tech holds $6.58 in current assets for every $1 of short-term obligations. This comfortable liquidity earns a score of 100/100.

Cash Flow

While Orasure Tech generated -$49.0M in operating cash flow, capex of $4.2M consumed most of it, leaving -$53.2M in free cash flow. This results in a low score of 0/100, reflecting heavy capital investment rather than weak cash generation.

Returns

Orasure Tech generates a -20.2% ROE, indicating limited profit relative to shareholders' investment. This results in a returns score of 0/100. This is down from -4.8% the prior year.

Piotroski F-Score Weak

2/9

Orasure Tech passes 2 of 9 financial strength tests. 1 of 4 profitability signals pass, 1 of 3 leverage/liquidity signals pass, neither operating efficiency signal passes.

Earnings Quality Low Quality

0.71x

For every $1 of reported earnings, Orasure Tech generates $0.71 in operating cash flow (-$49.0M OCF vs -$68.7M net income). This low ratio suggests earnings are primarily driven by accounting accruals rather than cash generation, which may not be sustainable.

Key Financial Metrics

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Earnings & Revenue

Revenue

$115.0M

YoY-38.1%

5Y CAGR-7.7%

10Y CAGR-0.4%

Orasure Tech generated $115.0M in revenue in fiscal year 2025. This represents a decrease of 38.1% from the prior year.

EBITDA

-$61.8M

YoY-255.5%

Orasure Tech's EBITDA was -$61.8M in fiscal year 2025, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. This represents a decrease of 255.5% from the prior year.

Net Income

-$68.7M

YoY-252.5%

Orasure Tech reported -$68.7M in net income in fiscal year 2025. This represents a decrease of 252.5% from the prior year.

EPS (Diluted)

$-0.94

YoY-261.5%

Orasure Tech earned $-0.94 per diluted share (EPS) in fiscal year 2025. This represents a decrease of 261.5% from the prior year.

Cash & Balance Sheet

Free Cash Flow

-$53.2M

YoY-325.7%

Orasure Tech generated -$53.2M in free cash flow in fiscal year 2025, representing cash available after capex. This represents a decrease of 325.7% from the prior year.

Cash & Debt

$199.3M

YoY-25.6%

5Y CAGR+4.4%

10Y CAGR+7.8%

Orasure Tech held $199.3M in cash against $0 in long-term debt as of fiscal year 2025.

Dividends Per Share

N/A

Shares Outstanding

70M

YoY-5.6%

5Y CAGR-0.4%

10Y CAGR+2.4%

Orasure Tech had 70M shares outstanding in fiscal year 2025. This represents a decrease of 5.6% from the prior year.

Margins & Returns

Gross Margin

41.9%

YoY-0.8pp

5Y CAGR-17.4pp

10Y CAGR-25.2pp

Orasure Tech's gross margin was 41.9% in fiscal year 2025, indicating the percentage of revenue retained after direct costs. This is down 0.8 percentage points from the prior year.

Operating Margin

-62.6%

YoY-47.4pp

5Y CAGR-59.6pp

10Y CAGR-69.3pp

Orasure Tech's operating margin was -62.6% in fiscal year 2025, reflecting core business profitability. This is down 47.4 percentage points from the prior year.

Net Margin

-59.8%

YoY-49.3pp

5Y CAGR-51.1pp

10Y CAGR-66.6pp

Orasure Tech's net profit margin was -59.8% in fiscal year 2025, showing the share of revenue converted to profit. This is down 49.3 percentage points from the prior year.

Return on Equity

-20.2%

YoY-15.4pp

5Y CAGR-16.4pp

10Y CAGR-25.3pp

Orasure Tech's ROE was -20.2% in fiscal year 2025, measuring profit generated per dollar of shareholder equity. This is down 15.4 percentage points from the prior year.

Capital Allocation

R&D Spending

$42.5M

YoY+63.3%

5Y CAGR+6.5%

10Y CAGR+13.8%

Orasure Tech invested $42.5M in research and development in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 63.3% from the prior year.

Share Buybacks

$15.0M

5Y CAGR+48.4%

10Y CAGR+9.5%

Orasure Tech spent $15.0M on share buybacks in fiscal year 2025, returning capital to shareholders by reducing shares outstanding.

Capital Expenditures

$4.2M

YoY+10.5%

5Y CAGR-30.9%

10Y CAGR+1.1%

Orasure Tech invested $4.2M in capex in fiscal year 2025, funding long-term assets and infrastructure. This represents an increase of 10.5% from the prior year.

OSUR Income Statement

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Revenue	$115.0M-38.1%	$185.8M-54.2%	$405.5M+4.6%	$387.5M+65.8%	$233.7M+36.1%	$171.7M
Cost of Revenue	$66.8M-37.2%	$106.4M-54.5%	$233.8M-2.2%	$239.0M+105.9%	$116.1M+66.2%	$69.9M
Gross Profit	$48.2M-39.3%	$79.4M-53.7%	$171.7M+15.6%	$148.4M+26.2%	$117.6M+15.4%	$101.9M
R&D Expenses	$42.5M+63.3%	$26.0M-22.8%	$33.7M-6.9%	$36.2M+6.0%	$34.2M+10.1%	$31.0M
SG&A Expenses	$47.7M+3.2%	$46.2M-20.6%	$58.2M-14.7%	$68.2M+35.5%	$50.3M+18.0%	$42.7M
Operating Income	-$72.0M-154.8%	-$28.3M-186.4%	$32.7M+247.5%	-$22.2M-118.0%	-$10.2M-96.3%	-$5.2M
Interest Expense	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Income Tax	$1.8M+0.1%	$1.8M-30.9%	$2.6M+78.5%	$1.5M-89.4%	$13.7M+20.2%	$11.4M
Net Income	-$68.7M-252.5%	-$19.5M-136.3%	$53.7M+413.2%	-$17.1M+25.5%	-$23.0M-54.1%	-$14.9M
EPS (Diluted)	$-0.94-261.5%	$-0.26-136.1%	$0.72+400.0%	$-0.24+25.0%	$-0.32-245.5%	$0.22

Metric	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24	Q1'24
Revenue	$26.8M-1.2%	$27.1M-13.3%	$31.2M+4.4%	$29.9M-20.1%	$37.4M-6.2%	$39.9M-26.5%	$54.3M+0.4%	$54.1M
Cost of Revenue	$15.8M+3.1%	$15.3M-15.3%	$18.1M+2.6%	$17.6M-26.2%	$23.9M+4.5%	$22.8M-22.9%	$29.6M-1.4%	$30.1M
Gross Profit	$11.0M-6.8%	$11.8M-10.5%	$13.2M+7.0%	$12.3M-9.3%	$13.6M-20.5%	$17.1M-30.9%	$24.7M+2.6%	$24.1M
R&D Expenses	$11.4M+13.0%	$10.1M-11.4%	$11.4M+18.7%	$9.6M+57.8%	$6.1M+8.3%	$5.6M-14.8%	$6.6M-14.7%	$7.7M
SG&A Expenses	$9.8M-11.4%	$11.1M-12.6%	$12.7M-10.1%	$14.1M+9.3%	$12.9M+31.3%	$9.8M-17.0%	$11.8M+1.8%	$11.6M
Operating Income	-$20.1M-24.9%	-$16.1M+10.7%	-$18.0M-1.6%	-$17.8M-42.9%	-$12.4M-107.0%	-$6.0M-118.9%	-$2.7M+61.4%	-$7.1M
Interest Expense	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Income Tax	$210K+346.8%	$47K-97.7%	$2.0M+538.6%	-$456K-160.2%	$758K+11.8%	$678K+78.0%	$381K+2216.7%	-$18K
Net Income	-$19.3M-40.7%	-$13.7M+30.4%	-$19.7M-22.8%	-$16.0M-48.6%	-$10.8M-139.5%	-$4.5M-632.8%	-$615K+82.8%	-$3.6M
EPS (Diluted)	N/A	$-0.19+26.9%	$-0.26-23.8%	$-0.21	N/A	$-0.06-500.0%	$-0.01+80.0%	$-0.05

OSUR Balance Sheet

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Total Assets	$403.2M-15.9%	$479.7M-0.7%	$482.8M+8.7%	$444.2M-3.6%	$461.0M+1.4%	$454.5M
Current Assets	$261.9M-21.4%	$333.2M-13.8%	$386.5M+18.8%	$325.2M+8.6%	$299.3M+3.6%	$288.9M
Cash & Equivalents	$199.3M-25.6%	$267.8M-7.8%	$290.4M+245.8%	$84.0M-28.1%	$116.8M-27.4%	$160.8M
Inventory	$31.1M-9.2%	$34.2M-28.2%	$47.6M-50.2%	$95.7M+80.1%	$53.1M+66.8%	$31.9M
Accounts Receivable	$22.2M-6.8%	$23.8M-40.7%	$40.2M-43.3%	$70.8M+56.2%	$45.3M+16.7%	$38.8M
Goodwill	$43.4M+7.5%	$40.3M+13.0%	$35.7M+1.7%	$35.1M-12.8%	$40.3M-0.2%	$40.4M
Total Liabilities	$62.3M-10.1%	$69.3M+32.9%	$52.2M-34.6%	$79.8M-0.9%	$80.5M+43.9%	$55.9M
Current Liabilities	$39.8M+18.9%	$33.5M-15.3%	$39.5M-42.8%	$69.1M+1.5%	$68.1M+46.4%	$46.5M
Long-Term Debt	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Total Equity	$340.8M-16.9%	$410.3M-4.7%	$430.7M+18.2%	$364.4M-4.2%	$380.5M-4.5%	$398.6M
Retained Earnings	-$172.2M-66.5%	-$103.4M-23.2%	-$83.9M+39.0%	-$137.6M-14.2%	-$120.5M-23.6%	-$97.5M

Metric	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24	Q1'24
Total Assets	$403.2M-4.7%	$423.1M-4.9%	$445.0M-2.7%	$457.6M-4.6%	$479.7M+3.4%	$464.1M-0.5%	$466.3M-0.3%	$467.6M
Current Assets	$261.9M-7.5%	$283.0M-6.1%	$301.4M-3.9%	$313.8M-5.8%	$333.2M-4.8%	$350.2M-0.3%	$351.1M+0.7%	$348.5M
Cash & Equivalents	$199.3M-7.9%	$216.5M-7.7%	$234.6M-5.2%	$247.6M-7.5%	$267.8M-3.9%	$278.6M+7.9%	$258.2M+4.5%	$247.1M
Inventory	$31.1M-7.0%	$33.4M+0.1%	$33.4M-6.5%	$35.7M+4.3%	$34.2M-12.0%	$38.9M+1.6%	$38.3M-11.4%	$43.2M
Accounts Receivable	$22.2M-8.6%	$24.3M-6.2%	$25.9M+20.4%	$21.5M-9.7%	$23.8M-11.6%	$27.0M-29.2%	$38.1M+11.9%	$34.0M
Goodwill	$43.4M+5.0%	$41.3M-1.0%	$41.7M+3.2%	$40.4M+0.3%	$40.3M+14.3%	$35.3M+0.9%	$35.0M-0.6%	$35.2M
Total Liabilities	$62.3M+2.0%	$61.1M-5.0%	$64.3M+4.9%	$61.3M-11.5%	$69.3M+80.0%	$38.5M-4.9%	$40.5M-1.9%	$41.3M
Current Liabilities	$39.8M-1.1%	$40.2M-5.0%	$42.4M+66.6%	$25.4M-24.1%	$33.5M+20.5%	$27.8M-3.7%	$28.9M-0.9%	$29.1M
Long-Term Debt	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Total Equity	$340.8M-5.8%	$362.0M-4.9%	$380.7M-3.9%	$396.3M-3.4%	$410.3M-3.6%	$425.6M-0.1%	$425.8M-0.1%	$426.3M
Retained Earnings	-$172.2M-12.6%	-$152.9M-9.9%	-$139.2M-16.5%	-$119.5M-15.5%	-$103.4M-11.7%	-$92.6M-5.1%	-$88.1M-0.7%	-$87.5M

OSUR Cash Flow Statement

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Operating Cash Flow	-$49.0M-279.1%	$27.4M-80.7%	$141.6M+400.0%	-$47.2M-33.4%	-$35.4M-709.3%	$5.8M
Capital Expenditures	$4.2M+10.5%	$3.8M-34.6%	$5.8M-14.3%	$6.8M-69.1%	$21.9M-17.9%	$26.7M
Free Cash Flow	-$53.2M-325.7%	$23.6M-82.6%	$135.8M+351.6%	-$54.0M+5.8%	-$57.3M-174.5%	-$20.9M
Investing Cash Flow	-$6.8M+82.6%	-$39.0M-159.0%	$66.2M+213.7%	$21.1M+483.3%	-$5.5M+60.8%	-$14.0M
Financing Cash Flow	-$16.9M-305.7%	-$4.2M-38.1%	-$3.0M+21.0%	-$3.8M-35.9%	-$2.8M-103.0%	$92.5M
Dividends Paid	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Share Buybacks	$15.0M	$0	$0-100.0%	$2.3M+6.7%	$2.1M+1.2%	$2.1M

Metric	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24	Q1'24
Operating Cash Flow	-$9.0M+10.7%	-$10.1M+1.5%	-$10.2M+48.2%	-$19.7M-18203.7%	$109K-99.1%	$12.7M+61.7%	$7.8M+16.4%	$6.7M
Capital Expenditures	$922K+0.3%	$919K-52.5%	$1.9M+361.0%	$420K-7.9%	$456K+214.5%	$145K-91.0%	$1.6M+2.4%	$1.6M
Free Cash Flow	-$9.9M+9.8%	-$11.0M+9.6%	-$12.2M+39.7%	-$20.2M-5707.8%	-$347K-102.8%	$12.5M+101.3%	$6.2M+20.7%	$5.2M
Investing Cash Flow	-$4.4M-438.7%	-$821K+57.6%	-$1.9M-623.2%	$370K+106.7%	-$5.5M-174.9%	$7.3M+29.5%	$5.7M+112.2%	-$46.5M
Financing Cash Flow	-$5.1M-0.7%	-$5.1M+12.4%	-$5.8M-508.4%	-$953K-758.6%	-$111K+84.7%	-$726K+64.4%	-$2.0M-57.2%	-$1.3M
Dividends Paid	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Share Buybacks	$5.0M+0.8%	$5.0M+23.2%	$4.1M+331.3%	$941K	$0	$0+100.0%	-$1.5M-200.0%	$1.5M

OSUR Financial Ratios

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Gross Margin	41.9%-0.8pp	42.7%+0.4pp	42.3%+4.0pp	38.3%-12.0pp	50.3%-9.0pp	59.3%
Operating Margin	-62.6%-47.4pp	-15.2%-23.3pp	8.1%+13.8pp	-5.7%-1.4pp	-4.3%-1.3pp	-3.0%
Net Margin	-59.8%-49.3pp	-10.5%-23.7pp	13.2%+17.6pp	-4.4%+5.4pp	-9.8%-1.1pp	-8.7%
Return on Equity	-20.2%-15.4pp	-4.8%-17.2pp	12.5%+17.2pp	-4.7%+1.3pp	-6.0%-2.3pp	-3.7%
Return on Assets	-17.1%-13.0pp	-4.1%-15.2pp	11.1%+15.0pp	-3.9%+1.1pp	-5.0%-1.7pp	-3.3%
Current Ratio	6.58-3.4	9.95+0.2	9.77+5.1	4.71+0.3	4.40-1.8	6.21
Debt-to-Equity	0.18+0.0	0.17+0.0	0.12-0.1	0.220.0	0.21+0.1	0.14
FCF Margin	-46.3%-59.0pp	12.7%-20.8pp	33.5%+47.4pp	-13.9%+10.6pp	-24.5%-12.4pp	-12.2%

Metric	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24	Q1'24
Gross Margin	41.0%-2.5pp	43.5%+1.3pp	42.1%+1.0pp	41.1%+4.9pp	36.2%-6.5pp	42.8%-2.7pp	45.4%+1.0pp	44.5%
Operating Margin	-75.1%-15.7pp	-59.4%-1.7pp	-57.7%+1.6pp	-59.3%-26.1pp	-33.2%-18.1pp	-15.0%-10.0pp	-5.0%+8.1pp	-13.1%
Net Margin	-72.1%-21.4pp	-50.6%+12.4pp	-63.0%-9.4pp	-53.6%-24.8pp	-28.8%-17.5pp	-11.3%-10.2pp	-1.1%+5.5pp	-6.6%
Return on Equity	-5.7%-1.9pp	-3.8%+1.4pp	-5.2%-1.1pp	-4.0%-1.4pp	-2.6%-1.6pp	-1.1%-0.9pp	-0.1%+0.7pp	-0.8%
Return on Assets	-4.8%-1.5pp	-3.2%+1.2pp	-4.4%-0.9pp	-3.5%-1.3pp	-2.3%-1.3pp	-1.0%-0.8pp	-0.1%+0.6pp	-0.8%
Current Ratio	6.58-0.5	7.03-0.1	7.12-5.2	12.34+2.4	9.95-2.7	12.60+0.4	12.17+0.2	11.97
Debt-to-Equity	0.18+0.0	0.170.0	0.17+0.0	0.15-0.0	0.17+0.1	0.090.0	0.100.0	0.10
FCF Margin	-37.1%+3.5pp	-40.6%-1.7pp	-38.9%+28.4pp	-67.3%-66.4pp	-0.9%-32.3pp	31.4%+20.0pp	11.5%+1.9pp	9.5%

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is Orasure Tech's annual revenue?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) reported $115.0M in total revenue for fiscal year 2025. This represents a -38.1% change compared to the previous fiscal year. Revenue measures the total income earned from the company's primary business operations before any expenses are deducted.

How fast is Orasure Tech's revenue growing?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) revenue declined by 38.1% year-over-year, from $185.8M to $115.0M in fiscal year 2025.

Is Orasure Tech profitable?

No, Orasure Tech (OSUR) reported a net income of -$68.7M in fiscal year 2025, with a net profit margin of -59.8%.

What is Orasure Tech's EBITDA?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) had EBITDA of -$61.8M in fiscal year 2025, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.

What is Orasure Tech's gross margin?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) had a gross margin of 41.9% in fiscal year 2025, indicating the percentage of revenue retained after direct costs of goods sold.

What is Orasure Tech's operating margin?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) had an operating margin of -62.6% in fiscal year 2025, reflecting the profitability of core business operations before interest and taxes.

What is Orasure Tech's net profit margin?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) had a net profit margin of -59.8% in fiscal year 2025, representing the share of revenue converted into profit after all expenses.

What is Orasure Tech's return on equity (ROE)?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) has a return on equity of -20.2% for fiscal year 2025, measuring how efficiently the company generates profit from shareholder equity.

What is Orasure Tech's free cash flow?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) generated -$53.2M in free cash flow during fiscal year 2025. This represents a -325.7% change compared to the previous fiscal year. Free cash flow represents the cash a company generates after accounting for capital expenditures, and is widely used to assess financial flexibility and shareholder value.

What is Orasure Tech's operating cash flow?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) generated -$49.0M in operating cash flow during fiscal year 2025, representing cash generated from core business activities.

What are Orasure Tech's total assets?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) had $403.2M in total assets as of fiscal year 2025, including both current and long-term assets.

What are Orasure Tech's capital expenditures?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) invested $4.2M in capital expenditures during fiscal year 2025, funding long-term assets and infrastructure.

How much does Orasure Tech spend on research and development?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) invested $42.5M in research and development during fiscal year 2025.

Does Orasure Tech buy back shares?

Yes, Orasure Tech (OSUR) spent $15.0M on share buybacks during fiscal year 2025, returning capital to shareholders by reducing shares outstanding.

How many shares does Orasure Tech have outstanding?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) had 70M shares outstanding as of fiscal year 2025.

What is Orasure Tech's current ratio?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) had a current ratio of 6.58 as of fiscal year 2025, which is generally considered healthy.

What is Orasure Tech's debt-to-equity ratio?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) had a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.18 as of fiscal year 2025, measuring the company's financial leverage by comparing total debt to shareholder equity.

What is Orasure Tech's return on assets (ROA)?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) had a return on assets of -17.1% for fiscal year 2025, measuring how efficiently the company uses its assets to generate profit.

What is Orasure Tech's cash runway?

Based on fiscal year 2025 data, Orasure Tech (OSUR) had $199.3M in cash against an annual operating cash burn of $49.0M. This gives an estimated cash runway of approximately 49 months at the current burn rate. Cash runway measures how long a company can continue operating before running out of cash, assuming no additional funding.

What is Orasure Tech's Piotroski F-Score?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) has a Piotroski F-Score of 2 out of 9, indicating weak financial health. The F-Score evaluates nine binary signals across profitability (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, earnings quality), leverage (decreasing debt, improving liquidity, no share dilution), and operating efficiency (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Scores of 7–9 indicate strong and improving fundamentals. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.

Are Orasure Tech's earnings high quality?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) has an earnings quality ratio of 0.71x, considered low quality (accrual-driven). This ratio compares operating cash flow to net income. A ratio above 1.0x means the company generates more cash than its reported earnings, indicating sustainable, cash-backed profits. Ratios below 1.0x suggest earnings rely on accounting accruals rather than actual cash generation. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.

How financially healthy is Orasure Tech?

Orasure Tech (OSUR) scores 33 out of 100 on our Financial Profile, indicating weak overall financial health. This composite score evaluates six dimensions: profitability (operating margin), revenue growth, leverage (debt-to-equity), liquidity (current ratio), cash flow quality (free cash flow margin), and shareholder returns (return on equity). Each dimension is normalized against standard financial benchmarks. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.