What is Ribbon Communications's earnings per share (EPS)?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) reported diluted earnings per share of $0.22 for fiscal year 2025. This represents a 171.0% change compared to the previous fiscal year. EPS represents the portion of a company's net income allocated to each outstanding share of common stock and is widely used to evaluate profitability on a per-share basis.

Ribbon Communications Financials

RBBN

Source SEC Filings (10-K/10-Q) Updated Dec 31, 2025 Currency USD FYE December

This page shows Ribbon Communications (RBBN) financial statements, including the income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, and key financial ratios. View 11 years of annual fundamentals and quarterly data, with year-over-year growth rates and compound annual growth rates (CAGR). All figures are derived from SEC filings (10-K and 10-Q reports).

Financial Health Signals

Financial Profile 39/100

Based on FY2025 annual data. Scores normalized against common benchmarks. How we calculate these scores

Profitability

Ribbon Communications has an operating margin of -0.4%, meaning the company retains $-0 of operating profit per $100 of revenue. This below-average margin results in a low score of 21/100, suggesting thin profitability after operating expenses. This is down from 2.0% the prior year.

Growth

Ribbon Communications's revenue grew a modest 1.3% year-over-year to $844.6M. This slow but positive growth earns a score of 35/100.

Leverage

Ribbon Communications carries a low D/E ratio of 0.72, meaning only $0.72 of long-term debt for every $1 of shareholders' equity. This conservative leverage earns a score of 87/100, indicating a strong balance sheet with room for future borrowing.

Liquidity

Ribbon Communications's current ratio of 1.44 means current assets barely cover short-term liabilities. This tight liquidity results in a low score of 24/100, which could limit financial flexibility.

Cash Flow

Ribbon Communications has a free cash flow margin of 3.1%, earning a moderate score of 33/100. The company generates positive cash flow after capital investments, but with room for improvement.

Returns

Ribbon Communications's ROE of 8.8% shows moderate profitability relative to equity, earning a score of 31/100. This is up from -13.4% the prior year.

Piotroski F-Score Neutral

6/9

Ribbon Communications passes 6 of 9 financial strength tests. All 4 profitability signals pass (positive income, cash flow, and earnings quality), 2 of 3 leverage/liquidity signals pass, neither operating efficiency signal passes.

Earnings Quality Cash-Backed

1.30x

For every $1 of reported earnings, Ribbon Communications generates $1.30 in operating cash flow ($51.4M OCF vs $39.6M net income). This indicates profits are well-supported by actual cash generation, not accounting adjustments.

Key Financial Metrics

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Earnings & Revenue

Revenue

$844.6M

YoY+1.3%

5Y CAGR+0.0%

10Y CAGR+13.0%

Ribbon Communications generated $844.6M in revenue in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 1.3% from the prior year.

EBITDA

$57.6M

YoY-29.1%

5Y CAGR-6.6%

Ribbon Communications's EBITDA was $57.6M in fiscal year 2025, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. This represents a decrease of 29.1% from the prior year.

Net Income

$39.6M

YoY+173.1%

5Y CAGR-14.9%

Ribbon Communications reported $39.6M in net income in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 173.1% from the prior year.

EPS (Diluted)

$0.22

YoY+171.0%

5Y CAGR-18.5%

Ribbon Communications earned $0.22 per diluted share (EPS) in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 171.0% from the prior year.

Cash & Balance Sheet

Free Cash Flow

$26.1M

YoY-6.4%

5Y CAGR-19.0%

10Y CAGR+8.0%

Ribbon Communications generated $26.1M in free cash flow in fiscal year 2025, representing cash available after capex. This represents a decrease of 6.4% from the prior year.

Cash & Debt

$96.4M

YoY+9.8%

5Y CAGR-5.6%

10Y CAGR+6.8%

Ribbon Communications held $96.4M in cash against $324.5M in long-term debt as of fiscal year 2025.

Dividends Per Share

N/A

Shares Outstanding

176M

YoY+0.1%

5Y CAGR+3.9%

Ribbon Communications had 176M shares outstanding in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 0.1% from the prior year.

Margins & Returns

Gross Margin

49.8%

YoY-2.9pp

5Y CAGR-3.6pp

10Y CAGR-15.1pp

Ribbon Communications's gross margin was 49.8% in fiscal year 2025, indicating the percentage of revenue retained after direct costs. This is down 2.9 percentage points from the prior year.

Operating Margin

-0.4%

YoY-2.4pp

5Y CAGR-0.6pp

10Y CAGR+12.2pp

Ribbon Communications's operating margin was -0.4% in fiscal year 2025, reflecting core business profitability. This is down 2.4 percentage points from the prior year.

Net Margin

4.7%

YoY+11.2pp

5Y CAGR-5.8pp

10Y CAGR+17.5pp

Ribbon Communications's net profit margin was 4.7% in fiscal year 2025, showing the share of revenue converted to profit. This is up 11.2 percentage points from the prior year.

Return on Equity

8.8%

YoY+22.2pp

5Y CAGR-4.1pp

10Y CAGR+23.1pp

Ribbon Communications's ROE was 8.8% in fiscal year 2025, measuring profit generated per dollar of shareholder equity. This is up 22.2 percentage points from the prior year.

Capital Allocation

R&D Spending

$178.9M

YoY-0.6%

5Y CAGR-1.7%

10Y CAGR+8.7%

Ribbon Communications invested $178.9M in research and development in fiscal year 2025. This represents a decrease of 0.6% from the prior year.

Share Buybacks

$9.0M

10Y CAGR+1.2%

Ribbon Communications spent $9.0M on share buybacks in fiscal year 2025, returning capital to shareholders by reducing shares outstanding.

Capital Expenditures

$25.3M

YoY+13.1%

5Y CAGR-1.1%

10Y CAGR+12.5%

Ribbon Communications invested $25.3M in capex in fiscal year 2025, funding long-term assets and infrastructure. This represents an increase of 13.1% from the prior year.

RBBN Income Statement

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Revenue	$844.6M+1.3%	$833.9M+0.9%	$826.3M+0.8%	$819.8M-3.0%	$845.0M+0.1%	$843.8M
Cost of Revenue	$423.9M+7.5%	$394.4M-5.7%	$418.3M-0.1%	$418.8M+4.6%	$400.3M+1.9%	$393.0M
Gross Profit	$420.7M-4.3%	$439.5M+7.7%	$408.1M+1.8%	$400.9M-9.8%	$444.7M-1.4%	$450.8M
R&D Expenses	$178.9M-0.6%	$179.9M-5.6%	$190.7M-6.4%	$203.7M+4.5%	$194.9M+0.2%	$194.5M
SG&A Expenses	$64.2M-6.5%	$68.7M+25.1%	$55.0M+7.7%	$51.1M-4.9%	$53.7M-15.2%	$63.3M
Operating Income	-$3.3M-119.7%	$16.9M+169.5%	-$24.3M+49.7%	-$48.3M+59.0%	-$117.8M-7157.9%	$1.7M
Interest Expense	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Income Tax	-$84.7M-1137.7%	$8.2M-24.6%	$10.8M+174.6%	-$14.5M+53.1%	-$31.0M-755.1%	$4.7M
Net Income	$39.6M+173.1%	-$54.2M+18.1%	-$66.2M+32.5%	-$98.1M+44.6%	-$177.2M-300.0%	$88.6M
EPS (Diluted)	$0.22+171.0%	$-0.31+20.5%	$-0.39+38.1%	$-0.63+47.5%	$-1.20-296.7%	$0.61

Metric	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24	Q1'24
Revenue	$227.3M+5.5%	$215.4M-2.4%	$220.6M+21.7%	$181.3M-27.9%	$251.4M+19.6%	$210.2M+9.1%	$192.6M+7.2%	$179.7M
Cost of Revenue	$106.3M-1.1%	$107.4M-3.5%	$111.3M+12.5%	$98.9M-11.1%	$111.3M+10.6%	$100.6M+6.2%	$94.8M+8.0%	$87.7M
Gross Profit	$121.1M+12.1%	$108.0M-1.2%	$109.3M+32.7%	$82.4M-41.2%	$140.1M+27.8%	$109.6M+12.0%	$97.9M+6.4%	$92.0M
R&D Expenses	$44.7M-2.6%	$45.9M+2.7%	$44.7M+2.6%	$43.6M-3.3%	$45.0M-1.3%	$45.6M+5.0%	$43.5M-5.0%	$45.8M
SG&A Expenses	$16.1M-1.6%	$16.4M-1.6%	$16.6M+9.9%	$15.1M-11.3%	$17.1M-21.0%	$21.6M+44.9%	$14.9M-1.9%	$15.2M
Operating Income	$9.3M+236.5%	$2.8M-34.6%	$4.2M+121.6%	-$19.6M-159.0%	$33.2M+3683.6%	-$927K+52.1%	-$1.9M+85.7%	-$13.5M
Interest Expense	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Income Tax	-$89.3M-2951.4%	$3.1M+43.5%	$2.2M+389.5%	-$754K-144.5%	$1.7M+5.9%	$1.6M+6.7%	$1.5M-55.6%	$3.4M
Net Income	$89.1M+835.5%	-$12.1M-9.2%	-$11.1M+57.7%	-$26.2M-512.1%	$6.4M+147.4%	-$13.4M+20.2%	-$16.8M+44.6%	-$30.4M
EPS (Diluted)	N/A	$-0.07-16.7%	$-0.06+60.0%	$-0.15	N/A	$-0.08+20.0%	$-0.10+44.4%	$-0.18

RBBN Balance Sheet

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Total Assets	$1.2B+4.3%	$1.2B+1.6%	$1.1B-8.9%	$1.3B-6.8%	$1.3B-12.9%	$1.5B
Current Assets	$454.5M-2.0%	$463.7M+10.7%	$418.7M-12.4%	$478.0M-0.6%	$481.0M+7.4%	$447.6M
Cash & Equivalents	$96.4M+9.8%	$87.8M+231.3%	$26.5M-60.6%	$67.3M-35.3%	$103.9M-19.1%	$128.4M
Inventory	$78.8M-0.5%	$79.2M+2.1%	$77.5M+2.8%	$75.4M+39.6%	$54.0M+18.1%	$45.8M
Accounts Receivable	$231.9M-9.0%	$254.7M-5.1%	$268.4M+0.4%	$267.2M-5.5%	$282.9M+19.0%	$237.7M
Goodwill	$300.9M0.0%	$300.9M0.0%	$300.9M0.0%	$300.9M0.0%	$300.9M-27.8%	$416.9M
Total Liabilities	$763.3M+0.7%	$757.9M+9.6%	$691.4M-6.2%	$737.1M-10.2%	$820.6M-4.6%	$860.4M
Current Liabilities	$315.5M-4.1%	$328.9M-3.6%	$341.1M+3.2%	$330.5M-4.1%	$344.5M+5.1%	$327.6M
Long-Term Debt	$324.5M-1.9%	$330.7M+67.5%	$197.5M-35.5%	$306.3M-12.5%	$350.2M-5.1%	$369.0M
Total Equity	$449.0M+11.0%	$404.6M-10.6%	$452.8M-12.7%	$518.4M-1.7%	$527.2M-23.2%	$686.9M
Retained Earnings	-$1.5B+2.5%	-$1.6B-3.6%	-$1.5B-4.6%	-$1.5B-7.2%	-$1.4B-15.0%	-$1.2B

Metric	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24	Q1'24
Total Assets	$1.2B+9.7%	$1.1B-3.2%	$1.1B+0.4%	$1.1B-2.2%	$1.2B+4.3%	$1.1B+0.8%	$1.1B+2.5%	$1.1B
Current Assets	$454.5M+8.6%	$418.4M-3.6%	$433.9M+2.1%	$425.1M-8.3%	$463.7M+11.3%	$416.6M+3.1%	$404.2M+9.5%	$369.1M
Cash & Equivalents	$96.4M+28.9%	$74.8M+23.7%	$60.5M-15.1%	$71.2M-18.8%	$87.8M+135.7%	$37.2M-42.3%	$64.6M+108.7%	$30.9M
Inventory	$78.8M-1.5%	$80.0M-0.4%	$80.3M+0.8%	$79.6M+0.6%	$79.2M+2.4%	$77.3M-2.4%	$79.2M-1.9%	$80.8M
Accounts Receivable	$231.9M+6.2%	$218.3M-12.5%	$249.4M+10.6%	$225.5M-11.5%	$254.7M+2.2%	$249.2M+18.1%	$211.0M-0.7%	$212.5M
Goodwill	$300.9M0.0%	$300.9M0.0%	$300.9M0.0%	$300.9M0.0%	$300.9M0.0%	$300.9M0.0%	$300.9M0.0%	$300.9M
Total Liabilities	$763.3M+2.4%	$745.2M-3.4%	$771.7M+2.1%	$755.7M-0.3%	$757.9M+5.4%	$719.2M+2.7%	$700.4M+7.1%	$653.8M
Current Liabilities	$315.5M+8.1%	$291.9M-6.9%	$313.6M+2.8%	$305.2M-7.2%	$328.9M+12.2%	$293.1M+7.5%	$272.6M-46.0%	$504.3M
Long-Term Debt	$324.5M-0.5%	$326.1M-0.5%	$327.6M-0.5%	$329.2M-0.5%	$330.7M-0.5%	$332.4M-0.5%	$334.0M	$0
Total Equity	$449.0M+24.7%	$360.1M-2.8%	$370.4M-3.0%	$381.8M-5.6%	$404.6M+2.3%	$395.5M-2.3%	$405.0M-4.6%	$424.7M
Retained Earnings	-$1.5B+5.5%	-$1.6B-0.8%	-$1.6B-0.7%	-$1.6B-1.7%	-$1.6B+0.4%	-$1.6B-0.9%	-$1.6B-1.1%	-$1.6B

RBBN Cash Flow Statement

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Operating Cash Flow	$51.4M+2.3%	$50.2M+194.0%	$17.1M+164.8%	-$26.4M-237.4%	$19.2M-81.1%	$101.6M
Capital Expenditures	$25.3M+13.1%	$22.4M+138.8%	$9.4M-8.5%	$10.3M-40.1%	$17.1M-35.9%	$26.7M
Free Cash Flow	$26.1M-6.4%	$27.8M+261.2%	$7.7M+121.0%	-$36.6M-1886.2%	$2.0M-97.3%	$74.8M
Investing Cash Flow	-$25.3M-10.8%	-$22.9M-141.2%	-$9.5M+21.9%	-$12.1M+14.5%	-$14.2M+95.7%	-$330.1M
Financing Cash Flow	-$19.4M-151.5%	$37.7M+178.8%	-$47.9M-5240.6%	$931K+102.8%	-$33.7M-110.5%	$319.3M
Dividends Paid	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Share Buybacks	$9.0M	N/A	N/A	N/A	$0	$0

Metric	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24	Q1'24
Operating Cash Flow	$29.2M+10.4%	$26.5M+3431.9%	-$795K+77.5%	-$3.5M-105.7%	$61.8M+516.0%	-$14.8M-51.9%	-$9.8M-174.6%	$13.1M
Capital Expenditures	$2.0M-64.3%	$5.5M-2.6%	$5.7M-53.2%	$12.1M+52.3%	$8.0M-9.5%	$8.8M+184.4%	$3.1M+23.4%	$2.5M
Free Cash Flow	$27.3M+30.1%	$21.0M+423.5%	-$6.5M+58.7%	-$15.7M-129.2%	$53.8M+327.3%	-$23.7M-83.8%	-$12.9M-221.6%	$10.6M
Investing Cash Flow	-$2.0M+64.3%	-$5.5M+2.6%	-$5.7M+53.2%	-$12.1M-52.3%	-$8.0M+11.5%	-$9.0M-180.5%	-$3.2M-20.7%	-$2.7M
Financing Cash Flow	-$5.9M+2.6%	-$6.1M-9.2%	-$5.6M-208.0%	-$1.8M+26.7%	-$2.5M+24.6%	-$3.3M-106.7%	$49.3M+943.7%	-$5.8M
Dividends Paid	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Share Buybacks	$3.2M-7.9%	$3.5M+52.2%	$2.3M	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

RBBN Financial Ratios

Metric	FY25	FY24	FY23	FY22	FY21	FY20
Gross Margin	49.8%-2.9pp	52.7%+3.3pp	49.4%+0.5pp	48.9%-3.7pp	52.6%-0.8pp	53.4%
Operating Margin	-0.4%-2.4pp	2.0%+5.0pp	-2.9%+3.0pp	-5.9%+8.0pp	-13.9%-14.1pp	0.2%
Net Margin	4.7%+11.2pp	-6.5%+1.5pp	-8.0%+3.9pp	-12.0%+9.0pp	-21.0%-31.5pp	10.5%
Return on Equity	8.8%+22.2pp	-13.4%+1.2pp	-14.6%+4.3pp	-18.9%+14.7pp	-33.6%-46.5pp	12.9%
Return on Assets	3.3%+7.9pp	-4.7%+1.1pp	-5.8%+2.0pp	-7.8%+5.3pp	-13.2%-18.9pp	5.7%
Current Ratio	1.44+0.0	1.41+0.2	1.23-0.2	1.45+0.0	1.40+0.0	1.37
Debt-to-Equity	0.72-0.1	0.82+0.4	0.44-0.2	0.59-0.1	0.66+0.1	0.54
FCF Margin	3.1%-0.2pp	3.3%+2.4pp	0.9%+5.4pp	-4.5%-4.7pp	0.2%-8.6pp	8.9%

Metric	Q4'25	Q3'25	Q2'25	Q1'25	Q4'24	Q3'24	Q2'24	Q1'24
Gross Margin	53.3%+3.1pp	50.1%+0.6pp	49.5%+4.1pp	45.4%-10.3pp	55.7%+3.6pp	52.1%+1.3pp	50.8%-0.4pp	51.2%
Operating Margin	4.1%+2.8pp	1.3%-0.6pp	1.9%+12.7pp	-10.8%-24.0pp	13.2%+13.7pp	-0.4%+0.6pp	-1.0%+6.5pp	-7.5%
Net Margin	39.2%+44.8pp	-5.6%-0.6pp	-5.0%+9.4pp	-14.5%-17.0pp	2.5%+8.9pp	-6.4%+2.4pp	-8.7%+8.2pp	-16.9%
Return on Equity	19.8%+23.2pp	-3.4%-0.4pp	-3.0%+3.9pp	-6.9%-8.4pp	1.6%+5.0pp	-3.4%+0.8pp	-4.2%+3.0pp	-7.1%
Return on Assets	7.3%+8.4pp	-1.1%-0.1pp	-1.0%+1.3pp	-2.3%-2.9pp	0.5%+1.8pp	-1.2%+0.3pp	-1.5%+1.3pp	-2.8%
Current Ratio	1.440.0	1.43+0.0	1.380.0	1.39-0.0	1.41-0.0	1.42-0.1	1.48+0.8	0.73
Debt-to-Equity	0.72-0.2	0.91+0.0	0.88+0.0	0.86+0.0	0.82-0.0	0.84+0.0	0.82+0.8	0.00
FCF Margin	12.0%+2.3pp	9.7%+12.7pp	-2.9%+5.7pp	-8.6%-30.0pp	21.4%+32.7pp	-11.3%-4.6pp	-6.7%-12.6pp	5.9%

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is Ribbon Communications's annual revenue?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) reported $844.6M in total revenue for fiscal year 2025. This represents a 1.3% change compared to the previous fiscal year. Revenue measures the total income earned from the company's primary business operations before any expenses are deducted.

How fast is Ribbon Communications's revenue growing?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) revenue grew by 1.3% year-over-year, from $833.9M to $844.6M in fiscal year 2025.

Is Ribbon Communications profitable?

Yes, Ribbon Communications (RBBN) reported a net income of $39.6M in fiscal year 2025, with a net profit margin of 4.7%.

What is Ribbon Communications's EBITDA?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) had EBITDA of $57.6M in fiscal year 2025, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.

How much debt does Ribbon Communications have?

As of fiscal year 2025, Ribbon Communications (RBBN) had $96.4M in cash and equivalents against $324.5M in long-term debt.

What is Ribbon Communications's gross margin?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) had a gross margin of 49.8% in fiscal year 2025, indicating the percentage of revenue retained after direct costs of goods sold.

What is Ribbon Communications's operating margin?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) had an operating margin of -0.4% in fiscal year 2025, reflecting the profitability of core business operations before interest and taxes.

What is Ribbon Communications's net profit margin?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) had a net profit margin of 4.7% in fiscal year 2025, representing the share of revenue converted into profit after all expenses.

What is Ribbon Communications's return on equity (ROE)?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) has a return on equity of 8.8% for fiscal year 2025, measuring how efficiently the company generates profit from shareholder equity.

What is Ribbon Communications's free cash flow?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) generated $26.1M in free cash flow during fiscal year 2025. This represents a -6.4% change compared to the previous fiscal year. Free cash flow represents the cash a company generates after accounting for capital expenditures, and is widely used to assess financial flexibility and shareholder value.

What is Ribbon Communications's operating cash flow?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) generated $51.4M in operating cash flow during fiscal year 2025, representing cash generated from core business activities.

What are Ribbon Communications's total assets?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) had $1.2B in total assets as of fiscal year 2025, including both current and long-term assets.

What are Ribbon Communications's capital expenditures?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) invested $25.3M in capital expenditures during fiscal year 2025, funding long-term assets and infrastructure.

How much does Ribbon Communications spend on research and development?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) invested $178.9M in research and development during fiscal year 2025.

Does Ribbon Communications buy back shares?

Yes, Ribbon Communications (RBBN) spent $9.0M on share buybacks during fiscal year 2025, returning capital to shareholders by reducing shares outstanding.

How many shares does Ribbon Communications have outstanding?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) had 176M shares outstanding as of fiscal year 2025.

What is Ribbon Communications's current ratio?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) had a current ratio of 1.44 as of fiscal year 2025, which is considered adequate.

What is Ribbon Communications's debt-to-equity ratio?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) had a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.72 as of fiscal year 2025, measuring the company's financial leverage by comparing total debt to shareholder equity.

What is Ribbon Communications's return on assets (ROA)?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) had a return on assets of 3.3% for fiscal year 2025, measuring how efficiently the company uses its assets to generate profit.

What is Ribbon Communications's Piotroski F-Score?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) has a Piotroski F-Score of 6 out of 9, indicating neutral financial health. The F-Score evaluates nine binary signals across profitability (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, earnings quality), leverage (decreasing debt, improving liquidity, no share dilution), and operating efficiency (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Scores of 7–9 indicate strong and improving fundamentals. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.

Are Ribbon Communications's earnings high quality?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) has an earnings quality ratio of 1.30x, considered cash-backed (high quality). This ratio compares operating cash flow to net income. A ratio above 1.0x means the company generates more cash than its reported earnings, indicating sustainable, cash-backed profits. Ratios below 1.0x suggest earnings rely on accounting accruals rather than actual cash generation. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.

How financially healthy is Ribbon Communications?

Ribbon Communications (RBBN) scores 39 out of 100 on our Financial Profile, indicating weak overall financial health. This composite score evaluates six dimensions: profitability (operating margin), revenue growth, leverage (debt-to-equity), liquidity (current ratio), cash flow quality (free cash flow margin), and shareholder returns (return on equity). Each dimension is normalized against standard financial benchmarks. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.