Aris Mining Announces Positive PFS Results for the Toroparu Gold Project

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5.9 Moz of Proven and Probable Gold Mineral Reserves at $1,950/oz Gold
5.6 Moz of Planned Gold Production Over 29 Years; 258 koz Annually in Years 1–17
$2.8 Billion After-Tax NPV_5% and 31.5% IRR at $3,600/oz Gold
Initial funding requirement of $1,005 million

VANCOUVER, British Columbia--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Aris Mining Corporation (Aris Mining or the Company) announces positive results from the completed Prefeasibility Study (PFS) for its Toroparu Gold Project (Toroparu or the Project) in Guyana. The PFS outlines a large-scale, long-life open pit development, expected to produce 5.6 million ounces (Moz) of gold over a 29-year processing period, including 21 years of mining. The project development strategy is based on contractor mining and a combination of engineering and construction contracting models as well as self-performed work. With the PFS now completed, the Company continues to target a construction decision in early 2027, subject to receipt of necessary approvals. The full Technical Report summarizing the results of the PFS is available on the Company’s website and SEDAR+ profile at www.sedarplus.ca and is filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) at www.sec.gov. All amounts are in U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated.

Figure 1 – Toroparu annual gold production and processed gold grade

Neil Woodyer, Chair and CEO, commented “Toroparu is positioned to become our next major growth project. The PFS confirms a large-scale, long-life operation with compelling economics, a substantially larger mineral resource base compared to the 2025 PEA¹, and a practical development plan designed to reduce execution risk. Our large-scale mining licence application, submitted in August, is progressing through the regulatory review process. We appreciate the constructive engagement with the Government of Guyana and are advancing the technical work required to support our application as we move Toroparu toward development readiness.

The PFS incorporates an execution strategy suited to the Project’s large scale and remote location, with a planned 32-month construction schedule. We have also replaced the owner-mining approach contemplated in the 2025 PEA with the use of experienced mining contractors, with costs supported by competitive international quotations.

We are sequencing Toroparu within our broader growth strategy, targeting a construction decision in early 2027, subject to the required approvals, and following first gold from the Marmato CIP plant expected in December 2026. In parallel, we are expanding our Guyana team and advancing engineering and pre-construction activities. With its scale, mine life and economics, Toroparu has the potential to become a cornerstone operation for Aris Mining for decades.”

Project Highlights: a Large-Scale, Long-Life Open Pit Mine

• Proven and probable mineral reserves of 5.1 Moz at 1.18 g/t Au (above 0.50 g/t) and 0.9 Moz at 0.40 g/t Au (below 0.50 g/t and the marginal cut-off grade) for a total mineral reserve of 5.9 Moz. See Table 3 for the detailed technical disclosure.
• Step-change increase in the mineral resource estimate compared to the 2025 PEA:
  • Measured and indicated gold mineral resources increased to 9.3 Moz, up 74% from the PEA
  • Inferred gold mineral resources increased by 1.4 Moz, up 115% from the PEA.
  • See Table 4 for the detailed technical disclosure.
• Lower-grade tonnes add value and extend operating life: material previously treated as waste in the 2025 PEA is now planned to be stockpiled for processing later in the mine life, generating positive operating margin at the mineral reserve gold price of $1,950/oz or higher.
• 32-month construction schedule for development of a conventional truck-and-shovel open pit mine with a 3.3 to 1 life-of-mine strip ratio, a 7.0 Mtpa processing plant and other mine infrastructure.
• Conservative mine design and robust mining schedule. Mineral reserve pit designs are based on a $1,950/oz gold price, well below the $3,600/oz PFS base-case price used for the economic analysis, with the mine plan emphasizing practical operability and production reliability.
• Contractor mining strategy aligned with project scale and workforce development objectives. The PFS incorporates mining by experienced third-party contractors, reflecting the scale of the operation and the importance of accessing specialized mining expertise while supporting local employment, training and skills development opportunities. Mining cost estimates are informed by quotations from multiple international mining contractors. This approach replaces the owner-operated, equipment-leasing model contemplated in the 2025 PEA.
• Tailored construction delivery strategy reflecting the Project’s large scale and remote location. The PFS incorporates a combination of engineering, procurement and construction management (EPCM), design-and-construct (D&C), engineering, procurement and construction (EPC), and self-performed work. The delivery model for each project area has been selected based on specific scope and execution requirements, with the objectives of strengthening cost and schedule control while managing execution risk.
• Large-scale mining licence application submitted in August 2026. The Government of Guyana is advancing their review of the large-scale mining license application.

Production and Costs

• Production of doré and copper concentrates containing 5.6 Moz gold, 5.3 Moz silver, and 235 million pounds (Mlb) of copper over the processing life.
  • Average annual gold production of 291 thousand ounces (koz) over the first five years.
  • Average annual gold production of 258 koz during the main pit operations (first 17 years), followed by 103 koz during late-life mining and stockpile processing (years 18-29).
• Low life-of-mine cash costs^2,3 of $1,119/oz Au and all-in-sustaining costs (AISC)^2,3 of $1,494/oz Au, net of by-product credits from copper and silver.

Capital Costs and Returns

• Initial funding requirement of $1,005 million, comprising $1,017 million in construction capital, $102 million in contingency allowances, and $24 million in working capital during construction, offset by $138 million of funding available under the historic Toroparu precious metals purchase agreement.
• Compelling base case economics at metal prices of $3,600/oz gold, $50/oz silver and $5.00/lb copper, generating $19.9 billion of life-of-mine payable gold revenue and $1.3 billion in copper and silver by-product credits, with:
  • Average annual EBITDA² of $588 million during main-pit operations (years 1-17), followed by $176 million during late-life mining and stockpile processing (years 18-29).
  • After-tax net present value at a 5% discount rate (NPV_5%) of $2.8 billion.
  • Internal rate of return (IRR) of 31.5%.
  • Payback period of 2.2 years from the start of operations.
• Robust economics at lower gold prices, with an after-tax NPV_5% $1.8 billion and IRR of 24.3% at a gold price of $3,000/oz.
• Significant additional value at higher gold prices, with after-tax NPV_5% of $3.8 billion and IRR of 37.8% at a gold price of $4,200/oz.

Figure 1 illustrates Toroparu's planned gold production and processed grade profile. Higher-grade ore is prioritized in the earlier years, while lower-grade stockpiles extend processing through Year 29. Gold production averages 258 koz per year during the first 17 years of main-pit operations and 195 koz over the full 29-year processing life, with peak annual production of approximately 323 koz in Year 16.

The open pit optimization and mineral reserve pit designs were based on a $1,950/oz gold price. This provides a conservative mine-design basis relative to the $3,600/oz base-case gold price used in the economic analysis.

PFS Report Availability

A complete National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101) compliant Technical Report titled “NI 43-101 Technical Report Prefeasibility Study for the Toroparu Project, Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region, Guyana” dated November 12, 2026 and with an effective date of November 12, 2026 (the Technical Report) has been filed on SEDAR+ and with the SEC on EDGAR, and is also available on the Company’s website at https://www.aris-mining.com/operations-and-projects/technical-reports.

Positioned to be Guyana’s next major gold mine

With the PFS complete and the large-scale mining license application under review, Toroparu is progressing through pre-development activities. Aris Mining continues to target a construction decision in early 2027, subject to receiving the large-scale mining licence and other necessary approvals. The PFS contemplates a 32-month construction period and supports Toroparu's potential to become a major new long-life gold mine in Guyana. The PFS also underscores Toroparu’s status as a cornerstone asset within the portfolio as Aris Mining executes its strategy to build a major gold producer in South America.

Table 1 – Toroparu PFS economic evaluation sensitivity to gold price

Gold price Indicator	$3,000/oz	$3,600/oz Base case	$4,200/oz
After-tax NPV5% ($ billion)	$1.8	$2.8	$3.8
After-tax IRR (%)	24.3%	31.5%	37.8%
Payback period (years)	2.7	2.2	1.9

The sensitivity analysis in Table 1 shows that at higher gold prices, returns increase substantially beyond the attractive levels of the base case scenario while remaining robust at lower gold prices.

The economic analysis also includes the historic precious metals stream agreement with Wheaton Precious Metals International Ltd. (Wheaton), originally entered into in 2013 and amended in 2015, when Toroparu was owned by Sandspring Resources Ltd., a single-asset junior developer. Under this agreement, Wheaton may elect to provide $138 million in construction funding following completion of a full development plan, in exchange for the right to purchase 10% of Toroparu’s gold production and 50% of its silver production at fixed prices of $400/oz and $3.90/oz, respectively, with both prices subject to escalation beginning on the fourth anniversary of commercial production. With the PFS now complete, Aris Mining and Wheaton are exploring opportunities for amending the terms of the agreement to align with the updated project parameters.

Table 2 – PFS Economic evaluation results

Key indicators	Units	Main Pit Operations (Years 1-17)	Late-life Mining & Stockpile Processing (Years 18-29)	Total / Life-of-operation average
Total gold produced in period	Moz	4.4	1.2	5.6
Mining Years	Years	1 to 17	18 to 21	21
Processing Years	Years	1 to 17	18 to 28.6	28.6
Average annual gold production	koz	258	103	195
Average cash cost2,3	$/oz Au	1,003	1,529	1,119
Average all in sustaining cost2,3	$/oz Au	1,395	1,841	1,494
Average annual EBITDA2	$M	588	176	423
Summary cash flow ($M) at $3,600/oz gold price
Revenue from payable gold sales	$M	15,592	4,267	19,859
Less: royalties	$M	1,262	347	1,609
Less: operating costs	$M	5,238	2,191	7,429
Less: sustaining capital	$M	437	22	459
Add: by-product copper and silver revenues, net of TCRCs	$M	(896)	(363)	(1,259)
Operating margin	$M	9,551	2,069	11,620
Less: income tax	$M	2,420	613	3,033
Working capital (inflows)/outflows	$M	(109)	114	5
After-tax cash flow	$M	7,241	1,342	8,583
Less: construction capital with contingency allowances	$M	1,119	-	1,119
Credit: construction funding from Toroparu PMPA	$M	(138)	-	(138)
Less: additional project capital during operations	$M	175	27	202
Less: closure costs	$M	-	60	60
Net cash flow, before costs of Toroparu PMPA financing	$M	6,085	1,255	7,340
Less: costs of Toroparu PMPA financing	$M	1,477	412	1,888
Net cash flow	$M	4,608	843	5,451
Pre-tax indicators at $3,600/oz gold price (base case)
NPV at 5% discount rate	$M			4,374
IRR	%			39.4%
Payback period (from start of operations)	Years			1.8
After-tax indicators at $3,600/oz gold price (base case)
NPV at 5% discount rate	$M			2,828
IRR	%			31.5%
Payback period (from start of operations)	Years			2.2
After-tax indicators at $4,200/oz gold price
NPV at 5% discount rate	$M			3,819
IRR	%			37.8%
Payback period (from start of operations)	Years			1.9

Table 3 - Toroparu mineral reserves, effective November 12, 2026

Gold cut-off grade	Classification	Tonnes (Mt)	Grade gold (g/t)	Grade silver (g/t)	Grade copper (%)	Contained gold (koz)	Contained silver (koz)	Contained copper (Mlb)
Total above marginal1	Proven	91.2	0.96	1.4	0.10	2,808	3,995	209
	Probable	109.1	0.89	0.9	0.05	3,114	3,029	113
	Proven + Probable	200.2	0.92	1.1	0.07	5,922	7,024	322
Including above 0.50 g/t	Proven	61.4	1.23	1.5	0.12	2,423	2,937	156
	Probable	72.2	1.14	0.9	0.05	2,635	2,159	80
	Proven + Probable	133.6	1.18	1.2	0.08	5,058	5,096	236
Including between 0.50 g/t and marginal	Proven	29.8	0.40	1.1	0.08	385	1,058	53
	Probable	36.9	0.40	0.7	0.04	479	870	33
	Proven + Probable	66.6	0.40	0.9	0.06	864	1,928	85
Notes: Mineral reserves were estimated using a gold price of $1,950 per ounce, constrained within pit designs, and are reported above diluted marginal gold cut-off grades of 0.34 g/t for saprolite and 0.32 g/t for all other ore at Toroparu, and above 0.37 g/t for saprolite and 0.38 g/t for all other ore at Sona Hill. The mineral reserve estimate was prepared under the supervision of or was reviewed by Ignacio Vélez, FAusIMM, Vice President Technical Services Colombia of Aris Mining, who is a qualified person as defined by NI 43-101. Totals may not add up due to rounding. Other than as disclosed in the Technical Report, there are no known mining, metallurgical, infrastructure, permitting, or other relevant factors or risks that could materially affect the mineral reserve estimate or the potential development of the mineral reserves.

Table 4 - Toroparu mineral resources, effective November 12, 2026

Gold cut-off grade	Classification	Tonnes (Mt)	Grade gold (g/t)	Grade silver (g/t)	Grade copper (%)	Contained gold (koz)	Contained silver (koz)	Contained copper (Mlb)
Total above marginal1	Measured	115.0	0.87	1.3	0.10	3,232	4,908	255
	Indicated	246.0	0.76	0.7	0.04	6,022	5,911	228
	Measured + Indicated	360.9	0.80	0.9	0.06	9,254	10,820	483
	Inferred	115.4	0.68	0.2	0.02	2,535	644	62
Including above 0.60 g/t	Measured	55.1	1.39	1.6	0.12	2,459	2,797	149
	Indicated	105.5	1.24	0.8	0.05	4,216	2,881	113
	Measured + Indicated	160.6	1.29	1.1	0.07	6,675	5,679	262
	Inferred	43.6	1.15	0.2	0.03	1,617	247	25
Including between 0.60 g/t and marginal	Measured	59.9	0.40	1.1	0.08	773	2,111	106
	Indicated	140.5	0.40	0.7	0.04	1,806	3,030	115
	Measured + Indicated	200.4	0.40	0.8	0.05	2,578	5,141	221
	Inferred	71.8	0.40	0.2	0.02	918	396	37
Notes: Mineral resources were estimated using a gold price of $2,600 per ounce, constrained within optimized pit shells, and are reported above marginal gold cut-off grades of 0.26 g/t for saprolite and 0.24 g/t for all other material at Toroparu, and above 0.28 g/t for saprolite and 0.29 g/t for all other material at Sona Hill. Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and have no demonstrated economic viability. The mineral resource estimate was prepared under the supervision of or was reviewed by Pamela De Mark, P.Geo., Senior Vice President Geology and Exploration of Aris Mining, who is a qualified person as defined by NI 43-101. Totals may not add up due to rounding. Other than as disclosed in the Technical Report, there are no known legal, political, environmental, or other risks that could materially affect the potential development of the mineral resources.

Endnotes

1. See superseded technical report entitled “NI 43-101 Technical Report, Preliminary Economic Assessment for the Toroparu Project, Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region, Guyana” with an effective date of October 21, 2025 and a report date of October 28, 2025. This preliminary economic assessment was preliminary in nature and included inferred mineral resources that were considered too speculative geologically to have the economic considerations applied to them that would enable them to be categorized as mineral reserves. Accordingly, there is no certainty that the preliminary economic assessment would be realized.
2. Cash costs ($ per oz sold), AISC ($ per oz sold) and EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures without standardized meanings under IFRS and may not be comparable to similar measures used by other issuers or considered in isolation or as substitutes for IFRS measures; refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of this document for further information.
3. Cash costs per ounce and AISC per ounce are calculated on a payable gold ounce basis and include open pit mining, treatment, transport, refining, processing, logistics, surface, G&A and other costs, net of silver and copper by-product credits.

About Aris Mining

Aris Mining is a Canadian gold mining company focused on South America. The Company operates the Segovia and Marmato underground gold mines in Colombia, which together produced approximately 257,000 ounces of gold in 2025. Aris Mining is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol ARIS.

The Company is advancing expansion projects at Segovia and Marmato that are expected to increase annual gold production to 500,000 ounces¹, driven by the ramp-up at Segovia following the installation of the second mill and construction of the new Marmato bulk mine and CIP plant, with first gold expected in December 2026.

Aris Mining’s portfolio supports a longer-term objective of approximately 1 million ounces of annual gold production². Key projects include the high-grade Soto Norte gold project in Colombia, where preparation of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) has been completed for community engagement, and the Toroparu gold project in Guyana, where a construction decision is targeted for early 2027.

Additional information on Aris Mining can be found at www.aris-mining.com, www.sedarplus.ca, and on www.sec.gov.

Qualified Persons and Cautionary Language

Qualified Persons

The Toroparu Gold Project Prefeasibility Study “NI 43-101 Technical Report Prefeasibility Study for the Toroparu Project, Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region, Guyana” was prepared in accordance with NI 43-101 by the following Qualified Persons, all of whom are independent of Aris Mining for the purposes of NI 43-101, with the exception of Pamela De Mark, P.Geo., Senior Vice President Geology and Exploration of Aris Mining Corporation, and Ignacio Vélez, FAusIMM, Vice President Technical Services Colombia, Aris Mining Corporation:

• Ignacio Vélez, FAusIMM, Vice President Technical Services Colombia, Aris Mining Corporation;
• Jan Eklund, P.E., Process Consultant, LogiProc Pty. Ltd.;
• Dawie le Roux, Pr.Eng., Partner and SMPP Engineering Manager, LogiProc Pty. Ltd.;
• Kevin Leahy, C.Geol., Geologist and Associate Partner, Environmental Resource Management Ltd.;
• Chris Fourie, Pr.Eng., Director of Tailings Engineering, Eco Elementum Engineering; and
• Pamela De Mark, P.Geo., Senior Vice President of Geology and Exploration, Aris Mining Corporation.

Pamela De Mark, P.Geo., Senior Vice President Geology and Exploration of Aris Mining, is a Qualified Person as defined by NI 43-101, and has reviewed and approved the technical information contained in this news release.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Cash costs ($ per oz sold), AISC ($ per oz sold) and EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures and ratios that lack standardized meanings under IFRS or US GAAP and may not be comparable to those of other issuers or considered in isolation or as substitutes for IFRS measures. Cash costs per ounce and AISC per ounce are calculated by dividing total cash costs and AISC, respectively, by projected payable gold ounces produced, while EBITDA represents earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, depletion and amortization.

Forward-Looking Information

This news release contains "forward-looking information" or "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Canadian and United States securities legislation. All statements included herein, other than statements of historical fact, including, without limitation, statements relating to the results of the PFS, including projected production of gold, silver and copper, mining and processing life, projected capital and operating costs, funding requirements and financial returns, the sensitivity of the Project’s economics to gold prices, projected metal prices and other assumptions underlying the PFS, the mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates for the Project, the expected benefits of the contractor mining and fit-for-purpose construction delivery strategies, the anticipated construction schedule, the mining licence application review process and the timing of receipt of that licence and other necessary approvals, the targeted construction decision for Toroparu, the potential for Toroparu to become a major long-life gold mine in Guyana, the availability of construction funding, , the intention of Aris Mining and Wheaton to explore opportunities for amending the Wheaton precious metals purchase agreement, the building of the Company’s Guyana team and the advancement of engineering and pre-construction activities, the timing of the first gold pour at the Marmato CIP plant, and statements included in the "About Aris Mining" section of this news release relating to the Segovia and Marmato expansions, the expected increase in annual gold production to 500,000 ounces, the objective of reaching approximately 1 million ounces of annual gold production, are forward-looking. Generally, the forward-looking information and forward looking statements can be identified by the use of forward looking terminology such as "plans", "expects" or "does not expect", "is expected", "budget", "scheduled", "estimates", "forecasts", "intends", "anticipates" or "does not anticipate", "will continue" or "believes", or variations of such words and phrases or state that certain actions, events or results "may", "could", "would", "might" or "will be taken", "occur" or "be achieved”. The material factors or assumptions used to develop forward looking information or statements are disclosed throughout this news release and include, among others, the metal price assumptions of $3,600/oz gold, $50/oz silver and $5.00/lb copper used in the PFS base case; the accuracy of the mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates and the production, cost and capital estimates in the PFS; the availability of mining and construction contractors and the resources required to implement the proposed delivery strategy on the terms assumed in the PFS; the availability of sufficient financing on acceptable terms, including receipt of the assumed construction funding from Wheaton; the ability to carry out the planned construction activities in accordance with the anticipated construction schedule; and the receipt of the large-scale mining licence and other necessary approvals on a timely basis.

Forward looking information and forward looking statements, while based on management's best estimates and assumptions, are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements of Aris Mining to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking information or forward looking statements, including but not limited to risks relating to the timing of receipt of the large-scale mining licence and other necessary approvals for the Project, variations in metal prices, capital and operating costs and other assumptions underlying the PFS, the availability and performance of mining and construction contractors and internal teams involved in the construction delivery strategy, the receipt of the Wheaton construction funding, the negotiation of any amendments to the Wheaton precious metals purchase agreement, and those factors discussed in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in Aris Mining's annual information form dated March 11, 2026 which is available on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca and included as part of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 40-F, filed with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

Although Aris Mining has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking information and forward-looking statements, there may be other factors that cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. There can be no assurance that such information or statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such information or statements. The Company has and continues to disclose in its Management's Discussion and Analysis and other publicly filed documents, changes to material factors or assumptions underlying the forward-looking information and forward-looking statements and to the validity of the information, in the period the changes occur. The forward-looking statements and forward-looking information are made as of the date hereof and Aris Mining disclaims any obligation to update any such factors or to publicly announce the result of any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements or forward-looking information contained herein to reflect future results. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements and information.

________________________________________

1 Reflects expected steady-state annual gold production of approximately 300 thousand ounces (koz) at Segovia and 200 koz at Marmato following completion and ramp-up of the respective expansion projects. For more information, please refer to the Company’s news releases dated June 30, 2025 regarding the Segovia expansion and March 12, 2025 regarding the Marmato expansion.

2 There can be no assurance that the projected production will be achieved. Such production also remains subject to obtaining all necessary permits and to formal construction decisions by the Company, in each case for both Soto Norte and Toroparu.

 

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20261112013692/en/

Aris Mining Contact

Oliver Dachsel
Senior Vice President, Capital Markets
+1.917.847.0063

Lillian Chow
Director, Investor Relations & Communications
info@aris-mining.com

Source: Aris Mining Corporation

Key Terms

prefeasibility study technical

A prefeasibility study is an early, high-level assessment that tests whether a proposed project is likely to be technically workable and economically viable before committing large resources. Like a rough blueprint and budget for a construction project, it provides preliminary estimates of costs, potential returns, key risks and data gaps so investors can decide whether to proceed to more detailed studies or funding.

npv5% financial

Net present value at a 5% discount rate (NPV 5%) measures the current worth of a sequence of expected future cash flows after shrinking them by 5% per year, like comparing getting money now versus in the future with a 5% annual “cost” for waiting. Investors use NPV 5% to judge whether an investment or project creates value: a positive number suggests the returns exceed that 5% benchmark, while a negative number implies the money would be better used elsewhere.

irr financial

IRR (Internal Rate of Return) is the annualized percentage return an investment is expected to produce based on its projected series of cash outflows and inflows; mathematically, it’s the rate that makes the present value of those cash flows balance to zero. Investors use IRR to compare and rank projects or investments—similar to comparing the interest rates on savings accounts—to judge which offers the best return for the time and risk involved.

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aisc financial

All-in Sustaining Cost (AISC) is a comprehensive measure of how much it costs a mining company to produce one unit of metal when ongoing operating expenses, long-term maintenance and sustaining capital, and share of corporate overhead are included. Investors use AISC to compare profitability and cash generation across producers—think of it as the full household cost to keep a business running divided by how many items it makes, which helps assess margins and resilience to price swings.

ni 43-101 regulatory

A Canadian regulatory standard that sets the rules for how mining and exploration companies must report mineral resources and reserves, requiring technical reports prepared or signed off by an independent, certified expert. It matters to investors because it creates a consistent, transparent “inspection report” for mining projects, making it easier to compare prospects, judge the reliability of claims, and assess geological and financial risk before investing.