Insilico Medicine and Atossa Therapeutics Publish AI-Driven Study in Nature Scientific Reports Identifying (Z)-Endoxifen as a Potential Therapeutic Candidate for Glioblastoma

Rhea-AI Summary

Atossa Therapeutics (Nasdaq: ATOS) and Insilico Medicine published a joint AI-driven study in Nature Scientific Reports on Dec 2, 2025 identifying (Z)-endoxifen as a potential therapeutic candidate for glioblastoma (GBM).

The study used Insilico's PandaOmics across >900 cancer indications and multi-omic methods, ranked GBM as a top opportunity, found >1,400 shared genes reversed by endoxifen, and reported in vitro suppression of GBM cell proliferation exceeding high-dose temozolomide plus tolerable in vivo dosing. Insilico also cited 20 preclinical nominations with a 12–18 month average turnaround.

Positive

• AI screening ranked GBM among top indications from >900 evaluated
• >1,400 genes shared between GBM tumors and endoxifen-treated cells
• In vitro endoxifen suppressed GBM proliferation more than high-dose temozolomide
• In vivo dosing of endoxifen was reported as well tolerated
• Insilico nominated 20 preclinical candidates with 12–18 month average turnaround

Negative

• Findings are limited to preclinical in vitro and in vivo data; no human clinical efficacy reported
• Report notes substantial unpublished collaborative work, indicating early-stage development

Insights

Translational Oncology Analyst

AI-driven multi-omic analysis plus in vitro and in vivo validation nominate (Z)-endoxifen as a repurposing candidate for glioblastoma.

Insilico Medicine and Atossa Therapeutics used the PandaOmics AI platform to evaluate over 900 cancer indications and ranked glioblastoma (GBM) among the highest-opportunity indications for (Z)-endoxifen by integrating transcriptomics, pathway and network models, single-cell sequencing, survival analysis, and experimental validation.

The study reports more than 1,400 genes shared between GBM tumors and endoxifen-treated cells, computational evidence of reversal of proliferation, inflammation, metabolic dysregulation and resistance programs, plus laboratory findings where (Z)-endoxifen reduced GBM cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, outperformed high-dose temozolomide in vitro, showed enhanced effects in combination, and was well tolerated in vivo.

Key dependencies and risks include the early-stage nature of the evidence (computational and preclinical only) and the absence of disclosed clinical data; clinical safety, CNS penetration, dose response and reproducibility across models remain open questions. The work demonstrates a systematic AI-driven repurposing workflow but does not yet establish therapeutic efficacy in humans.

Concrete items to watch: announcements of formal clinical development plans or IND filings, peer-reviewed replication or expanded in vivo efficacy data, and any disclosed CNS pharmacokinetics or safety data; these milestones will clarify translatability over the next clinical-development timeframe.

CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Dec. 2, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Insilico Medicine ("Insilico"), a global leader in AI-powered drug discovery, and Atossa Therapeutics ("Atossa") (Nasdaq: ATOS), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing novel treatments for breast cancer and other serious conditions, announce the publication of a joint study evaluating the potential of (Z)-endoxifen for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The peer-reviewed article, now published in Nature's Scientific Reports, represents one of the most comprehensive AI-enabled analyses to date exploring whether endoxifen, an active metabolite of tamoxifen with known activity in endocrine-resistant breast cancer, may offer new therapeutic opportunities for one of the deadliest malignant brain tumors in adults. The study aimed to identify new oncology indications with high therapeutic potential for endoxifen, as monotherapy or in combination, by applying Insilico's AI-powered PandaOmics platform across a wide range of cancer types based on its mechanisms of action. Through this systematic evaluation, GBM emerged as a top candidate for further investigation.

The publication highlights progress in understanding glioblastoma, an aggressive primary brain tumor with a five-year survival rate of roughly 4%. By applying multi-omics and AI-enabled methods—including transcriptomic integration, computational modeling, single-cell sequencing, survival analysis, and experimental validation—the study offers mechanistic insights that support further exploration of endoxifen's potential role in this setting.

(Z)-Endoxifen, already clinically active in hormone-resistant breast cancer and known to act through both estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent mechanisms, has long been considered a promising molecule for broader oncology applications, but has not been systematically explored in GBM. Using PandaOmics, researchers evaluated more than 900 cancer indications with weighted transcriptomic signatures from endoxifen-treated datasets. PandaOmics combined differential expression, pathway enrichment, protein–protein interaction networks, mechanistic NLP, and disease unmet-need modeling, ultimately ranking GBM among one of the highest-opportunity indications.

AI-driven analyses identified more than 1,400 genes shared between GBM tumors and endoxifen-treated cells, revealing strong reversal of biological programs that drive tumor growth and treatment resistance. Endoxifen was predicted to counteract pathways associated with uncontrolled proliferation, inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and aggressive tumor behavior. Single-cell sequencing further pinpointed key malignant-cell genes linked to poor survival and aggressive subtypes, all of which were downregulated by endoxifen.

"This collaboration with Insilico Medicine provides a whole new indication in which we might explore the utility of endoxifen, and potentially significant new opportunities to address an extremely underserved set of cancer patients," said Steven Quay, M.D., Ph.D., CEO of Atossa Therapeutics. "Most of our joint projects have focused on advancing women's health, but this study allowed us to extend our work into glioblastoma, a disease with an urgent and unmet need, and not unlike other highly ranked indications, including but not limited to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and multiple gynecologic-related cancers for which (Z)-Endoxifen may have excellent therapeutic outcomes. The results of our collaboration with Insilico highlight how AI-enabled discovery can uncover entirely new opportunities for a well-characterized molecule like endoxifen."

Laboratory validation closely matched the computational predictions. In vitro, (Z)-endoxifen significantly suppressed GBM cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, demonstrating greater cytotoxic activity than high-dose temozolomide and showing enhanced effects in combination. In vivo studies confirmed that endoxifen was well tolerated across all doses. Together, the multi-omic analyses and experimental findings highlight endoxifen as a promising therapeutic candidate for GBM and showcase how AI-powered discovery can reveal new opportunities for drug repurposing and cancer treatment innovation.

"Atossa is deeply committed to scientific leadership in the prevention and treatment of high risk breast cancers, and Insilico is honored to collaborate with the company to advance genuine innovation and expand indications across different areas of oncology," said Alex Zhavoronkov, Ph.D., Founder and CEO of Insilico Medicine. "This publication represents one of the early fruits of our joint research, and much of our collaborative work remains unpublished. We are hopeful that these efforts will ultimately translate into meaningful therapeutic programs."

Harnessing state-of-the-art AI and automation technologies, Insilico has significantly improved the efficiency of preclinical drug development. While traditional early-stage drug discovery typically requires 3 to 6 years, from 2021 to 2024 Insilico nominated 20 preclinical candidates, achieving an average turnaround - from project initiation to preclinical candidate (PCC) nomination - of just 12 to 18 months per program, with only 60 to 200 molecules synthesized and tested in each program.

About Insilico Medicine

Insilico Medicine, a leading and global AI-driven biotech company, utilizes its proprietary Pharma.AI platform and cutting-stage automated laboratory to accelerate drug discovery and advance innovations in life sciences research. By integrating AI and automation technologies and deep in-house drug discovery capabilities, Insilico is delivering innovative drug solutions for unmet needs including fibrosis, oncology, immunology, pain, and obesity and metabolic disorders. Additionally, Insilico extends the reach of Pharma.AI across diverse industries, such as advanced materials, agriculture, nutritional products and veterinary medicine.

For more information, please visit www.insilico.com.

About Atossa Therapeutics

Atossa Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: ATOS) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing innovative therapies for significant unmet needs in breast cancer. Atossa's strategy emphasizes disciplined capital allocation, focusing resources on programs and data packages that can enable future regulatory submissions and potential commercialization.

For more information, visit www.atossatherapeutics.com and refer to Atossa's filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

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SOURCE Atossa Therapeutics Inc

FAQ

What did Atossa (ATOS) and Insilico announce on Dec 2, 2025 about (Z)-endoxifen and GBM?

They published an AI-driven study in Nature Scientific Reports identifying (Z)-endoxifen as a potential GBM candidate after multi-omic analyses and laboratory validation.

How did Insilico's PandaOmics rank glioblastoma for (Z)-endoxifen in the Dec 2025 study?

PandaOmics evaluated >900 indications and ranked GBM among the highest-opportunity indications for endoxifen.

Did the Dec 2025 study report clinical trial results for (Z)-endoxifen in GBM?

No; the publication reported in vitro and in vivo preclinical results only, with no human clinical efficacy data.

How did (Z)-endoxifen perform versus temozolomide in the Atossa/Insilico preclinical work?

(Z)-endoxifen showed greater cytotoxic activity than high-dose temozolomide in vitro and enhanced effects in combination.

What investor-relevant development timelines did Insilico report in the Dec 2025 announcement?

Insilico reported nominating 20 preclinical candidates from 2021–2024 with an average 12–18 month turnaround per program.