STOCK TITAN

Gyre Therapeutics Reports Full Year 2023 Financial Results and Provides Business Update

Rhea-AI Impact
(Moderate)
Rhea-AI Sentiment
(Negative)
Tags
Rhea-AI Summary
Gyre Therapeutics, Inc. announced financial results for 2023, highlighting a transformational year with the acquisition of F351 for liver fibrosis treatment. The company reported a strong cash position of $33.5 million and plans for Phase 2a and Phase 3 clinical trials for NASH and CHB-associated liver fibrosis. Gyre also appointed Dr. Han Ying as CEO and acquired Gyre Pharmaceuticals. Sales of ETUARY increased by 13% in 2023, driving revenue growth.
Positive
  • Successful monetization of legacy assets and expansion into liver fibrosis space with F351 acquisition
  • Phase 1 trial data in healthy volunteers in the US showed a safety profile consistent with Phase 2 trial in PRC
  • Expectation of FDA clearance for Phase 2a trial in NASH-associated liver fibrosis by end of 2024
  • Report data from Phase 3 trial for CHB-associated liver fibrosis in PRC by early 2025
  • Strong sales of ETUARY with a 13% increase in 2023
  • Appointment of Dr. Han Ying as CEO and acquisition of Gyre Pharmaceuticals
Negative
  • None.

The financial results and business update provided by Gyre Therapeutics indicate notable strategic maneuvers within the biotechnology sector, specifically in the field of anti-fibrotic therapeutics. The company's transition towards liver fibrosis treatments, particularly with the acquisition of F351, aligns with a growing market need for such therapies. The reported 13% increase in sales of ETUARY, an established anti-fibrotic drug, suggests effective market penetration and a strong sales infrastructure within the PRC. This, combined with the positive cash and cash equivalents growth from $25.2 million to $33.5 million year-over-year, reflects a healthy liquidity position that may support upcoming clinical trials and product development initiatives.

The appointment of Dr. Han Ying as CEO appears to be a strategic move to leverage his experience in immunology and biotech startups for Gyre's pivot towards liver fibrosis treatments. The financial results, particularly the net loss of $85.5 million compared to a net income of $4.3 million in the previous year, warrant a deeper analysis into the operational costs and investments that may have contributed to this shift. Investors should consider the potential of F351 and the impact of the Gyre-GNI business combination on future revenue streams and market positioning.

The clinical development updates from Gyre Therapeutics highlight the company's focus on addressing significant unmet medical needs in chronic organ diseases. The Phase 3 trial for F351 in CHB-associated liver fibrosis is particularly noteworthy, as successful outcomes could pave the way for a new treatment option in a field with limited alternatives. The planned U.S. Phase 2a trial for NASH-associated liver fibrosis further expands the potential applications of F351 and underscores the company's commitment to leveraging its anti-fibrotic portfolio.

From a medical research perspective, the safety profile consistency between Phase 1 and Phase 2 trials is encouraging and may facilitate regulatory processes. However, the long-term implications of these developments will hinge on the data readouts expected by early 2025. The clinical progress in the pipeline, including F573 for liver failure and F528 for COPD, could represent significant advancements in their respective therapeutic areas. It is essential to monitor the outcomes of these trials, as they will influence the company's scientific credibility and its ability to attract further investment for development.

The pharmaceutical landscape in the PRC is rapidly evolving and Gyre Therapeutics' strategic focus on liver fibrosis treatments positions the company to capitalize on emerging market opportunities. The acquisition of Gyre Pharmaceuticals and the strong sales performance of ETUARY indicate a robust market presence and potential for revenue growth. The market for anti-fibrotic drugs is expected to expand, driven by an aging population and increased prevalence of conditions like IPF and NASH.

Market research would suggest that Gyre's sales and marketing team's experience and extensive coverage of hospitals and pharmacies could be a significant asset in promoting F351 upon approval. The company's proactive approach to expanding its pipeline with drugs like F573 and F528, targeting other chronic conditions, demonstrates a strategic diversification that may reduce market risk and dependence on a single product. Investors should consider the competitive landscape and regulatory environment in the PRC and the U.S. when evaluating Gyre's market potential and the impact of upcoming clinical trial results on the company's valuation.

Data readout from Phase 3 clinical trial in the People's Republic of China (PRC”) evaluating F351 for the treatment of CHB-associated liver fibrosis expected by early 2025

U.S. Phase 2a clinical trial evaluating F351 for the treatment of NASH-associated liver fibrosis planned for 2025

Appointed Dr. Han Ying as Chief Executive Officer

Acquired indirect controlling interest in Beijing Continent Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (d/b/a Gyre Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd) as part of business combination agreement with GNI

Cash and cash equivalents totaled $33.5 million as of December 31, 2023

SAN DIEGO, March 26, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Gyre Therapeutics, Inc. (“Gyre”) (Nasdaq: GYRE), a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing anti-fibrotic therapeutics for a variety of chronic organ diseases, today announced financial results for the full year ended December 31, 2023 and provided a business update.

“2023 was a transformational year for Gyre as we successfully monetized our legacy assets, returned cash to stockholders, and expanded into the attractive liver fibrosis space with the acquisition of F351, a structural analogue of the approved anti-fibrotic drug ETUARY® (Pirfenidone). We are extremely encouraged by the data from our Phase 1 clinical trial in healthy volunteers in the United States, which demonstrated a safety profile consistent with that observed in the Phase 2 proof-of-concept trial completed in the PRC. We expect to receive clearance from the U.S. FDA for the initiation of a Phase 2a trial in NASH-associated liver fibrosis by the end of 2024,” said Han Ying, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer of Gyre. “In addition, we remain on track to report data from Gyre Pharmaceuticals’ Phase 3 trial evaluating F351 for the treatment of CHB-associated liver fibrosis in the PRC by early 2025. Sales of ETUARY remained strong, increasing 13% from 2022 as Gyre Pharmaceuticals maintained its market-leading position in the PRC IPF market, providing funding for our clinical development plans.”

Full Year 2023 Business Highlights and Upcoming Milestones

Corporate Updates

  • Appointed Rodney L. Nussbaum to the Company’s Board of Directors and as a member of its Audit Committee. In March 2024, Rodney L. Nussbaum was appointed to the Company's Board of Directors and as a member of its Audit Committee. Mr. Nussbaum brings nearly four decades of experience in accounting and financial reporting in the U.S. and Asia Pacific Region. He currently serves as a Managing Executive at Atago Advisory, which provides accounting and financial reporting services to clients in the United States and the Asia Pacific Region. Prior to that, Mr. Nussbaum was a Senior Partner with clients in Japan and the Asia Pacific Region with Ernst & Young (2004-2016) and KPMG (2002-2004), and a Partner with Arthur Andersen (2000-2002). Prior to his position as Partner, Mr. Nussbaum spent over 20 years at Arthur Andersen.
  • Appointed Han Ying, Ph.D., as Chief Executive Officer. In January 2024, Han Ying, Ph.D., a member of Gyre’s board of directors, was appointed Chief Executive Officer. Dr. Ying brings over two decades of experience in immunology, biotech startups, operational management, and fundraising. He most recently served as co-founder and Chief Operating Officer of Base Therapeutics and, prior to that, as the Chief Technology Officer for Tactiva Therapeutics and as a venture partner at Panacea Venture.
  • Completed business combination with GNI Group Ltd. In October 2023, Gyre (formerly known as Catalyst Biosciences, Inc. (“Catalyst”)) completed the previously announced business combination with GNI Group Ltd. (“GNI”) and related entities. In connection with the closing, the combined company changed its name from Catalyst Biosciences, Inc. to Gyre Therapeutics, Inc. As a result of the business combination, Gyre acquired an indirect controlling interest in Gyre Pharmaceuticals (also known as Beijing Continent Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.).
  • Sold legacy rare bleeding disorders programs. In February 2023, Gyre signed an asset purchase agreement with GC Biopharma Corp. (“GCBP”) to sell Catalyst’s legacy rare bleeding disorders programs, including marzeptacog alpha activated, dalcinonacog alpha and CB-2679d-GT. As a result, net cash proceeds received from the GCBP asset sale of $0.2 million were distributed to the holders of Catalyst contingent value rights and Gyre recorded a $4.5 million long-term CVR derivative liability for the future distribution of the hold-back amount to be received in May 2025. As of December 31, 2023, the carrying value of the CVR derivative liability was $4.7 million on the consolidated balance sheet.

ETUARY (Pirfenidone capsules) Sales Update

ETUARY (Pirfenidone): Pirfenidone, the first anti-fibrotic drug approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (“IPF”) in Japan, the EU, the United States and the PRC, is a small molecule drug that inhibits the synthesis of tumor growth transforming (“TGF”)-β1, TNF-α, and other fibrosis and inflammation modulators. ETUARY became commercially available in the PRC in 2011 and has been included in the National Reimbursement Drug List since 2017.

  • Generated sales of $112.1 million in 2023. For the year ended December 31, 2023, Gyre Pharmaceuticals generated $112.1 million in sales of ETUARY, representing an increase of 13% from the previous year. As of year-end, Gyre’s sales and marketing team included 391 employees with an average of nine years of experience and covered 35,512 hospitals and pharmacies across 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across the PRC. Gyre expects 2024 sales of ETUARY to grow due to ETUARY’s prominent market position and anticipated sustained increases in the prevalence of IPF.

Clinical Development Updates

F351 (Hydronidone): F351 is a structural derivative of the approved anti-fibrotic drug ETUARY (Pirfenidone) with a TGF-β1 mechanism of action and is currently being evaluated by Gyre for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”)-associated liver fibrosis in the U.S. and by Gyre Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (“CHB”)-associated liver fibrosis in the PRC.

  • Expects to report topline data from Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating F351 for the treatment of CHB-associated liver fibrosis in 2025. In October 2023, Gyre Pharmaceuticals completed enrollment of its Phase 3 trial in patients with CHB-associated liver fibrosis in the PRC. The study is evaluating 248 patients with a primary endpoint of the reduction of the liver fibrosis score (Ishak Scoring System) by at least one grade after taking F351 in combination with Entecavir.

F573: Gyre Pharmaceuticals is developing F573, a caspase inhibitor and potential Category 1 new drug, for the treatment of acute/acute-on-chronic liver failure (“ALF/ACLF”).

  • Gyre Pharmaceuticals is conducting a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2 clinical trial in the PRC to assess the safety and efficacy of F573 for injection in the treatment of liver injury/failure.

Preclinical Development Updates

  • F528: Gyre Pharmaceuticals is evaluating F528 in preclinical studies as a potential first-line therapy for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (“COPD”). F528 is a novel anti-inflammation agent that targets inhibition of multiple inflammatory cytokines and has the potential to modify the progression of COPD with low toxicity in vivo.
  • F230: Gyre Pharmaceuticals is evaluating F230 for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (“PAH”). F230 is a selective endothelian receptor antagonist.

Financial Results

Cash Position

As of December 31, 2023, Gyre had cash and cash equivalents of $33.5 million, compared to $25.2 million as of December 31, 2022. The $8.3 million change was primarily due to a $25.9 million increase from net cash provided by operating activities, a $19.8 million decrease from net cash used in investing activities and a $2.5 million increase from net cash provided by financing activities.

Financial Results for the Full Year Ended December 31, 2023

  • Revenues: For the full year ended December 31, 2023, revenues were $113.5 million as a result of Gyre’s indirect controlling interest in Gyre Pharmaceuticals. For the full year ended December 31, 2022, revenues were $102.3 million. The increase was driven by a $12.6 million increase in sales of pharmaceuticals products, driven by enhanced marketing and sales initiatives in regions of the PRC where sales were previously lower in 2022, partially offset by a $1.4 million decrease in revenue related to a one-time licensing fee recognized in 2022.
  • Cost of Revenues: For the full year ended December 31, 2023, cost of revenues was $4.6 million as a result of Gyre’s indirect controlling interest in Gyre Pharmaceuticals. For the full year ended December 31, 2022, cost of revenues was $4.8 million. The decrease was primarily driven by a $0.3 million reduction attributed to favorable foreign exchange rate fluctuations and a $0.2 million decrease in stock-based compensation. These reductions were partially offset by a $0.3 million increase in cost of revenues due to increased sales.
  • Selling and Marketing Expense: For the full year ended December 31, 2023, selling and marketing expense was $61.2 million, compared to $54.2 million for the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily driven by a $3.8 million increase in selling and marketing payroll costs due to increased staff, a $3.5 million increase in promotional expenses and a $0.7 million increase in traveling expenses, partially offset by a $1.3 million decrease in stock-based compensation.
  • R&D Expense: For the full year ended December 31, 2023, research and development expense was $13.8 million, compared to $16.7 million for the same period in 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in stock-based compensation and pre-clinical research expenses.
  • G&A Expense: For the full year ended December 31, 2023, general & administrative expense was $14.7 million, compared to $17.4 million for the same period in 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in stock-based compensation.
  • Operating Loss: For the full year ended December 31, 2023, loss from operations was $67.2 million, compared to $9.2 million in operating income for the same period in 2022.
  • Net Loss: For the full year ended December 31, 2023, net loss was $85.5 million, compared to $4.3 million in net income for the same period in 2022.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures by Gyre Therapeutics, Inc.

Gyre reports financial results in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). This release presents the financial measure “adjusted net income (loss),” which is not calculated in accordance with GAAP. The most directly comparable GAAP measure for this non-GAAP financial measure is “net income (loss).” Adjusted net income (loss) presents Gyre’s results of operations after excluding acquired in-process research and development, loss from change in fair value of warrants, stock-based compensation, divestiture losses, and income tax adjustments. This is meant to supplement, and not substitute, Gyre’s financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted net income (loss) as defined by Gyre may not be comparable to similar non-GAAP measures presented by other companies. Management believes that presenting adjusted net income (loss) provides investors with additional useful information in evaluating the Gyre's performance and valuation. See the reconciliation of adjusted net income (loss) to net income (loss) in the section titled “Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.

About F351 (Hydronidone)

F351 is a structural analogue of the approved anti-fibrotic (IPF) drug Pirfenidone and has been shown to inhibit in vitro both p38γ kinase activity and TGF-β1-induced excessive collagen synthesis in hepatic stellate cells (“HSCs”), which are recognized as critical event in the development and progression of fibrosis in the liver. This is further supported by its anti-proliferative effects on the HSCs in the liver. In vitro anti-fibrotic effects of F351 were also confirmed in several established in vivo models of liver fibrosis such as CC14-induced liver fibrosis mouse model, DMN-induced liver fibrosis rat model, and HSA-induced liver rat model, as well as mouse model of NASH fibrosis (CC14+Western High Fat Diet).

About Gyre Pharmaceuticals

Gyre Pharmaceuticals is a commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company committed to the research, development, manufacturing and commercialization of innovative drugs for organ fibrosis. Its flagship product, ETUARY (Pirfenidone capsule), was the first approved treatment for IPF in the PRC in 2011 and has maintained a prominent market share (2023 net sales of $112.1 million). In addition, Gyre Pharmaceuticals is evaluating F351 in a Phase 3 clinical trial in CHB-associated liver fibrosis in the PRC, which is expected to readout topline data by early 2025. F351 received Breakthrough Therapy designation by the National Medical Products Administration’s (“NMPA”) Center for Drug Evaluation in March 2021. Gyre Pharmaceuticals is also developing treatments for COPD, PAH and ALF/ACLF. In October 2023, Gyre Therapeutics acquired an indirect majority interest in Gyre Pharmaceuticals (also known as Beijing Continent Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.).

About Gyre Therapeutics

Gyre Therapeutics is a biopharmaceutical company headquartered in San Diego, CA, with a primary focus on the development and commercialization of F351 (Hydronidone) for the treatment of NASH-associated fibrosis in the U.S. Gyre’s development strategy for F351 in NASH is based on the company's experience in NASH rodent model mechanistic studies and CHB-induced liver fibrosis clinical studies. Gyre is also advancing a diverse pipeline in the PRC through its indirect controlling interest in Gyre Pharmaceuticals, including ETUARY therapeutic expansions, F573, F528, and F230.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which statements are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties and are based on estimates and assumptions. All statements, other than statements of historical facts included in this press release, including statements concerning: the expectations regarding and goals of Gyre’s research and development efforts, timing of expected clinical readouts, initiation of Gyre’s Phase 2 trial in the U.S. for F351, interactions with regulators, expectations regarding future product sales, and Gyre’s financial position and cash resources, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “objective,” “intend,” “should,” “could,” “can,” “would,” “expect,” “believe,” “design,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “plan” or the negative of these terms, and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our plans, estimates, and expectations, as of the date of this press release. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements expressed or implied in this press release. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of these risks and uncertainties, which include, without limitation: Gyre’s ability to execute on its clinical development strategies; positive results from a clinical trial may not necessarily be predictive of the results of future or ongoing clinical trials; the timing or likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals; competition from competing products; the impact of general economic, health, industrial or political conditions in the United States or internationally; the sufficiency of Gyre’s capital resources and its ability to raise additional capital. Additional risks and factors are identified under “Risk Factors” in Gyre’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 27, 2023 and subsequent reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including in the Definitive Proxy Statement filed on July 20, 2023.

Gyre expressly disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

For Investors:

Stephen Jasper

stephen@gilmartinir.com

 
Gyre Therapeutics, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
  Year Ended December 31, 
  2023  2022 
Revenues $113,450  $102,290 
Operating expenses:      
Cost of revenues  4,636   4,793 
Selling and marketing  61,159   54,238 
Research and development  13,780   16,686 
General and administrative  14,662   17,370 
Acquired in-process research and development  83,104    
Divestiture losses  2,711    
Loss on disposal of property and equipment  628    
Total operating expenses  180,680   93,087 
(Loss) income from operations  (67,230)  9,203 
Other income (expense), net:      
Interest income, net  1,044   726 
Other income  1,076   857 
Change in fair value of warrant liability  (9,261)   
Other expenses  (2,594)  (1,374)
(Loss) income before income taxes  (76,965)  9,412 
Provision for income taxes  (8,515)  (5,098)
Net (loss) income from operations  (85,480)  4,314 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest  7,453   2,012 
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders $(92,933) $2,302 
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders:      
Basic $(1.41) $0.04 
Diluted $(1.41) $0.03 
Weighted average shares used in calculating net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders:      
Basic  65,831,675   63,588,119 
Diluted  65,831,675   75,686,406 


Gyre Therapeutics, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
  December 31, 2023  December 31, 2022 
Assets      
Current assets:      
Cash and cash equivalents $33,509  $25,175 
Accounts and note receivables, net  15,552   17,136 
Other receivables from GNI  1,287    
Inventories, net  4,281   6,122 
Prepaid assets  1,547   377 
Other current assets  1,045   843 
Total current assets:  57,221   49,653 
Property and equipment, net  23,288   17,709 
Long-term receivable from GCBP  4,722    
Intangible assets, net  205   297 
Right-of-use assets  489   666 
Land use rights, net  1,493   1,559 
Deferred tax assets  4,695   4,081 
Long-term certificates of deposit  23,431   7,394 
Other assets, noncurrent  995   3,394 
Total assets $116,539  $84,753 
Liabilities, convertible preferred stock, and equity      
Current liabilities:      
Accounts payable $355  $122 
Deferred revenue  39   145 
Due to related parties  1,369   118 
CVR excess closing cash payable  1,085    
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities  11,935   9,264 
Income tax payable  5,054   2,101 
Operating lease liabilities, current  210   492 
Total current liabilities:  20,047   12,242 
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent  199   121 
Deferred government grants  213   118 
CVR derivative liability, noncurrent  4,722    
Warrant liability, noncurrent  12,835    
Other noncurrent liabilities  49   55 
Total liabilities $38,065  $12,536 
Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; 13,151 shares and nil shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively  64,525    
Equity:      
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 400,000,000 shares authorized; 76,595,616 shares and 63,588,119 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively  77   64 
Additional paid-in capital  68,179   32,795 
Statutory reserve  3,098   2,660 
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings  (85,538)  7,395 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss  (1,644)  (392)
Total Gyre stockholders’ (deficit) equity  (15,828)  42,522 
Noncontrolling interest  29,777   29,695 
Total equity  13,949   72,217 
Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock, and equity $116,539  $84,753 


Gyre Therapeutics, Inc.
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
  Years Ended December 31, 
  2023  2022 
Net (loss) income from operations $(85,480) $4,314 
Acquired in-process research and development (1)  83,104    
Loss from change in fair value of warrants (2)  9,261    
Stock-based compensation  7,281   13,366 
Divestiture losses (3)  2,711    
Provision for income taxes  8,515   5,098 
Non-GAAP adjusted net income from consolidated operations $25,392  $22,778 
 
(1) Reflects adjustments for a reverse asset acquisition with CPI as the accounting acquirer and Catalyst as the legal acquirer.
(2) Reflects adjustments for fair value of warrants based on the Black-Sholes option pricing model.
(3) Reflects adjustments loss from the divestiture of all assets other than 56.0% indirect ownership interest in BC (d/b/a Gyre Pharmaceuticals).

FAQ

What is Gyre Therapeutics, Inc.'s cash position as of December 31, 2023?

Gyre had cash and cash equivalents of $33.5 million as of December 31, 2023.

What clinical trials are planned by Gyre for liver fibrosis treatment?

Gyre plans to conduct Phase 2a clinical trial for NASH-associated liver fibrosis in 2025 and report data from Phase 3 trial for CHB-associated liver fibrosis in the PRC by early 2025.

Who was appointed as the Chief Executive Officer of Gyre Therapeutics, Inc.?

Dr. Han Ying was appointed as the Chief Executive Officer of Gyre Therapeutics, Inc.

What was the sales growth percentage for ETUARY in 2023?

Sales of ETUARY increased by 13% in 2023.

What was the revenue generated by Gyre Pharmaceuticals in 2023?

Gyre Pharmaceuticals generated $112.1 million in sales of ETUARY in 2023.

Gyre Therapeutics, Inc.

NASDAQ:GYRE

GYRE Rankings

GYRE Latest News

GYRE Stock Data

1.31B
18.48M
78.38%
0.72%
0.14%
Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing
Manufacturing
Link
United States of America
SAN DIEGO

About GYRE

catalyst is focused on developing novel medicines to address serious medical conditions for patients who need new or better treatment options. we used a scientific approach focused on protease-based therapeutic candidates to build a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company whose current mission is to develop valuable therapies for patients with hemophilia. learn more about our hemophilia program. a protease is an enzyme that cleaves target proteins. learn more about proteases.