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USPH Reports Third Quarter 2026 Results, Record High Visits and Revenue Per Visit

Hospital affiliations generated $25 million in quarterly revenue, while employee health costs continued to pressure margins.

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HOUSTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- U.S. Physical Therapy, Inc. (“USPH” or the “Company”) (NYSE, NYSE Texas: USPH), a national operator of outpatient physical therapy clinics and provider of industrial injury prevention services (“IIP”), today reported results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026.

  • Total net revenue was $223 million for the third quarter ended September 30, 2026 (“Q3 2026”), a 13% increase over the third quarter ended September 30, 2025 (“Q3 2025”).
  • Net income attributable to USPH shareholders was $11 million for Q3 2026 compared to $13 million for Q3 2025. The Company reported loss per share of $1.04 in Q3 2026 compared to earnings per share of $0.48 in Q3 2025. Included in pretax income for Q3 2026 was a $0.1 million loss on change in fair value of contingent earn out consideration compared to a gain of $6 million in Q3 2025. Under GAAP, changes in the value of redeemable noncontrolling interests, representing our partners’ ownership stakes in subsidiaries not fully owned by USPH, are excluded from net income but are included in the calculation of earnings per share. Improving performance increases the value of these ownership interests, which has a dilutive effect on earnings per share.
  • Adjusted net income (1)(2) was $12 million for Q3 2026 compared to $10 million for Q3 2025. Adjusted earnings per share (1)(2) was $0.80 in Q3 2026 compared to $0.66 in Q3 2025.
  • Adjusted EBITDA (1) was $28 million for Q3 2026 compared to $24 million for Q3 2025.
  • The Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.46 to be payable on December 11, 2026, to shareholders of record on November 16, 2026, consistent with the Company’s longstanding practice of delivering value to shareholders.
  • Through the end of Q3 2026, the Company successfully integrated all 72 clinics under the two previously announced hospital affiliation agreements.
______________________

(1) 

These are non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the section titled “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures to the Most Directly Comparable GAAP Measure” for the definition and reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

(2) 

Adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share were previously labeled operating results and operating results per share, respectively.

Chris Reading, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer commented, “We are pleased with the strong financial performance delivered in the third quarter 2026. The year-over-year EBITDA improvement reflects the initial benefit of the completed rollout of our first two hospital affiliations. The 72 clinics operating under hospital affiliation agreements generated $25 million in revenue in Q3, and we expect this number to increase significantly as referral volumes rise, additional clinics are incorporated into existing agreements, and our pipeline of hospital prospects results in new affiliations.”

Mr. Reading continued, “Cost pressures from our self-insured employee medical program continued in Q3. As a result, we implemented expense control efforts that partially mitigated these overages during the quarter and will benefit future periods. I want to thank our partners, clinicians, and support staff for their efforts on all fronts as we work to close out 2026, accelerate into 2027, and provide the outstanding patient service for which we are known.”

Q3 2026 compared to Q3 2025

  • Physical therapy net revenue was $190 million for Q3 2026, a 13% increase compared to Q3 2025, including a 6% increase in mature revenue (1).
  • Patient visits (1) were 1.7 million for Q3 2026, an 8% increase compared to Q3 2025, with average daily visits per clinic (1) of 33 for Q3 2026 compared to 32 for Q3 2025.
  • Physical therapy net revenue per patient visit (1) was $111 for Q3 2026, a $5 increase compared to Q3 2025.
  • Physical therapy margin was 19% in each of Q3 2026 and Q3 2025. Adjusted physical therapy margin (2) was 19% in Q3 2026, up approximately 150 basis points compared to Q3 2025. Q3 2026 results reflect higher company-provided health benefit costs compared to a favorable experience in Q3 2025, representing approximately 150 basis points of margin headwind.
  • IIP revenue was $33 million for Q3 2026, a 14% increase compared to Q3 2025. Excluding the IIP acquisition on January 31, 2026, IIP revenue increased 8%.
  • IIP margin was 22% for Q3 2026 compared to 20% for Q3 2025.
  • Corporate expense as a percentage of total revenue was 8% in Q3 2026 compared to 9% in Q3 2025. Adjusted corporate expense (2) as a percentage of total revenue was 8% in Q3 2026 compared to 9% in Q3 2025.
  • The Company added 21 and closed three locations during Q3 2026, bringing the location count (1) to 799 as of September 30, 2026.

Nine Months ended September 30, 2026, compared to Nine Months ended September 30, 2025

  • Total net revenue was $635 million for nine months ended September 30, 2026 (“YTD 2026”), a 10% increase over the nine months ended September 30, 2025 (“YTD 2025”).
  • Physical therapy net revenue was $540 million for YTD 2026, a 10% increase compared to YTD 2025, including a 4% increase in mature revenue (1).
  • Patient visits (1) were 4.9 million for the YTD 2026, a 7% increase compared to YTD 2025, with average daily visits per clinic (1) of 33 for YTD 2026 compared to 32 for the YTD 2025.
  • Physical therapy net revenue per patient visit (1) was $108 for YTD 2026, a $3 increase compared to YTD 2025.
  • Physical therapy margin and adjusted physical therapy margin (2) were 18% for YTD 2026 compared to 19% for YTD 2025, respectively. YTD 2026 results include the unfavorable impact of company-provided health benefit costs compared to a favorable impact in YTD 2025, impacting margins by approximately 100 basis points.
  • IIP revenue was $95 million for YTD 2026, a 12% increase compared to YTD 2025. Excluding the IIP acquisition made on January 31, 2026, IIP revenue increased 7%.
  • IIP margin was 21% for YTD 2026 compared to 20% for YTD 2025.
  • Corporate expense as a percentage of total revenue was 9% in each of YTD 2026 and YTD 2025. Adjusted corporate expense (2) as a percentage of total revenue was 8% for YTD 2026 compared to 9% for YTD 2025.
  • Net income attributable to USPH shareholders was $26 million for YTD 2026 compared to $35 million for YTD 2025 with loss per share of $0.90 compared to earnings per share of $1.85 for the same periods, respectively. Included in pretax income for Q3 2026 was a loss on change in fair value of contingent earn out consideration of $3 million versus a gain of $11 million in Q3 2025.
  • Adjusted net income (2)(3) was $30.2 million for YTD 2026 compared to $29.7 million for YTD 2025, with adjusted earnings per share (2)(3) of $2.01 compared to $1.96 for the same periods, respectively.
  • Adjusted EBITDA (2) was $75 million for YTD 2026 compared to $70 million for YTD 2025.
______________________

(1) 

See “Glossary of Terms” for the definition.

(2) 

These are non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the section titled “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures to the Most Directly Comparable GAAP Measure” for the definition and reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

(3)

 Adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share were previously labeled operating results and operating results per share, respectively.

BALANCE SHEET AND CASH FLOW

  • Cash and cash equivalents were $38 million as of September 30, 2026, compared to $36 million as of December 31, 2025. Borrowings under the Company’s credit facility were $247 million as of September 30, 2026, compared to $162 million as of December 31, 2025.
  • As previously announced, on September 22, 2026, the Company entered into a new interest rate swap agreement (“Swap”) with a $171 million initial notional value. The Swap fixes the company’s term debt at 4.6% from June 30, 2027, to April 14, 2031.

Q3 2026 ACQUISITIONS

  • On July 1, 2026, the Company acquired a 67% equity interest in a 12-clinic physical therapy practice for a purchase price of $16 million. The business currently generates $12 million in annual revenue and 0.1 million annual visits.

2026 FULL YEAR GUIDANCE

Management reaffirmed the Company’s full year 2026 adjusted EBITDA guidance of $102 million to $106 million.

CONFERENCE CALL INFORMATION

U.S. Physical Therapy’s management will host a conference call at 10:30 a.m. ET / 9:30 a.m. CT, on November 5, 2026, to discuss the Company’s financial results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026. Interested parties may participate in the call by dialing (800) 245-3047 (Primary) or (203) 518-9765 (Alternate) and conference ID of USPHQ326. Please call approximately 10 minutes before the call is scheduled to begin. To listen to the live call, go to the Company’s website at www.usph.com at least 15 minutes early to register, download and install any necessary audio software. If you are unable to listen live, a playback of the conference call can be accessed until February 3, 2027, on the Company’s website.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This press release contains statements that are considered to be forward-looking within the meaning under Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements contain forward-looking information relating to the financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business of our Company. These statements (often using words such as “believes”, “expects”, “intends”, “plans”, “appear”, “should” and similar words) involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those we expect. Included among such statements may be those relating to new clinics, availability of personnel and the reimbursement environment. The forward-looking statements are based on our current views and assumptions and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of certain risks, uncertainties, and factors, which include, but are not limited to:

  • changes in Medicare rules and guidelines and reimbursement or failure of our clinics to maintain their Medicare certification and/or enrollment status;
  • revenue we receive from Medicare and Medicaid being subject to potential retroactive reduction;
  • changes in reimbursement rates or payment methods from third party payors including government agencies, and changes in the deductibles and co-pays owed by patients;
  • private third-party payors for our services may adopt payment policies that could limit our future revenue and profitability;
  • compliance with federal and state laws and regulations relating to the privacy of individually identifiable patient information, and associated fines and penalties for failure to comply;
  • compliance with state laws and regulations relating to the corporate practice of medicine and fee splitting, and associated fines and penalties for failure to comply;
  • competitive, economic or reimbursement conditions in our markets which may require us to reorganize or close certain clinics and thereby incur losses and/or closure costs including the possible write-down or write-off of goodwill and other intangible assets;
  • the impact of a termination of one or more of the Company’s hospital affiliated arrangements, which could have an adverse impact on revenue and the results of operations;
  • the impact of future public health crises and epidemics/pandemics;
  • certain of our acquisition agreements contain put rights related to a future purchase of significant equity interests in our subsidiaries or in a separate company;
  • the impact of future vaccinations and/or testing mandates at the federal, state and/or local level, which could have an adverse impact on staffing, revenue, costs and the results of operations;
  • our debt and financial obligations could adversely affect our financial condition, our ability to obtain future financing, and our ability to operate our business;
  • changes as the result of government enacted national healthcare reform;
  • the ability to control variable interest entities for which we do not have a direct ownership;
  • business and regulatory conditions including federal and state regulations;
  • governmental and other third party payor inspections, reviews, investigations and audits, which may result in sanctions or reputational harm and increased costs;
  • revenue and earnings expectations;
  • contingent consideration provisions in certain of our acquisition agreements, the value of which may impact future financial results;
  • legal actions, which could subject us to increased operating costs and uninsured liabilities;
  • general economic conditions, including but not limited to inflationary and recessionary periods;
  • actual or perceived events involving banking volatility, defaults or other adverse developments that affect the U.S or the international financial systems, may result in market wide liquidity problems which could have a material and adverse impact on our available cash and results of operations;
  • our business depends on hiring, training, and retaining qualified employees;
  • availability and cost of qualified physical therapists;
  • competitive environment in the industrial injury prevention services business, which could result in the termination or non-renewal of contractual service arrangements and other adverse financial consequences for that service line;
  • our ability to identify and complete acquisitions, and the successful integration of the operations of the acquired businesses;
  • impact on the business and cash reserves resulting from retirement or resignation of key partners and resulting purchase of their non-controlling interest (minority interests);
  • maintaining our information technology systems with adequate safeguards to protect against cyber-attacks;
  • a security breach of our or our third party vendors’ information technology systems may subject us to potential legal action and reputational harm and may result in a violation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act;
  • maintaining clients for which we perform management, industrial injury prevention related services, and other services, as a breach or termination of those contractual arrangements by such clients could cause operating results to be less than expected;
  • maintaining adequate internal controls;
  • use of generative artificial intelligence;
  • maintaining necessary insurance coverage;
  • availability, terms, and use of capital; and
  • weather and other seasonal factors.

Many factors are beyond our control. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. For additional information regarding these and other risks and uncertainties, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in our forward-looking statements, please refer to “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 27, 2026 and any risk factors contained in subsequent quarterly and annual reports we file with the SEC. Our forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we are under no obligation to update any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Mature revenue includes revenues from owned and hospital affiliated locations as well as homecare which were operational prior to January 1, 2025, and are still operating as of the balance sheet date. This metric excludes other management contracts.

Physical therapy revenue per patient visit is net revenue from owned and hospital affiliated clinics as well as homecare divided by total number of patient visits (defined below) during the periods presented. This metric excludes other management contracts.

Patient visits is the number of unique patient visits at the Company’s owned and hospital affiliated clinics as well as homecare for the periods presented. This metric excludes other management contracts.

Average daily visits per clinic is patient visits at the Company’s owned and hospital affiliated clinics, divided by the number of days in which normal business operations were conducted during the periods presented and further divided by the average number of owned and hospital affiliated clinics in operation during the periods presented. This metric excludes homecare and other management contracts.

Location count includes owned and hospital affiliated clinics as well as other management contracts. This metric excludes homecare.

ABOUT U.S. PHYSICAL THERAPY, INC.

Founded in 1990, U.S. Physical Therapy, Inc. owns and/or manages 799 outpatient physical therapy locations in 45 states. USPH locations provide preventative and post-operative care for a variety of orthopedic-related disorders and sports-related injuries, treatment for neurologically-related injuries and rehabilitation of injured workers. USPH also has an industrial injury prevention business which provides onsite services for clients’ employees including injury prevention and rehabilitation, performance optimization, post-offer employment testing, functional capacity evaluations, and ergonomic assessments.

More information about U.S. Physical Therapy, Inc. is available at www.usph.com. The information included on that website is not incorporated into this press release.

U. S. PHYSICAL THERAPY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)

 

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30, 2026

September 30, 2025

September 30, 2026

September 30, 2025

 

Net patient revenue

$

161,086

 

$

164,024

 

$

498,638

 

$

480,754

 

Hospital affiliation revenue

 

25,039

 

 

-

 

 

30,603

 

 

-

 

Other revenue

 

36,433

 

 

33,108

 

 

105,661

 

 

97,510

 

Net revenue

 

222,558

 

 

197,132

 

 

634,902

 

 

578,264

 

Operating cost

Salaries and related costs

 

130,408

 

 

116,619

 

 

375,300

 

 

341,656

 

Rent, supplies, contract labor and other

 

41,471

 

 

36,115

 

 

118,888

 

 

104,086

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

5,870

 

 

5,495

 

 

17,148

 

 

16,776

 

Provision for credit losses

 

1,917

 

 

2,073

 

 

6,041

 

 

5,916

 

Clinic closure costs - lease and other

 

(140

)

 

(42

)

 

(202

)

 

269

 

Total operating cost

 

179,526

 

 

160,260

 

 

517,175

 

 

468,703

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gross profit

 

43,032

 

 

36,872

 

 

117,727

 

 

109,561

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Corporate office costs

 

17,827

 

 

17,414

 

 

55,106

 

 

51,135

 

Loss (gain) on change in fair value of contingent earn-out consideration

 

104

 

 

(5,872

)

 

3,093

 

 

(11,484

)

Operating income

 

25,101

 

 

25,330

 

 

59,528

 

 

69,910

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other (expense) income

Interest expense, debt and other

 

(3,583

)

 

(2,408

)

 

(9,587

)

 

(7,109

)

Interest income from investments

 

24

 

 

33

 

 

69

 

 

85

 

Change in revaluation of put-right liability

 

(599

)

 

(663

)

 

(404

)

 

(1,406

)

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate

 

346

 

 

361

 

 

1,118

 

 

1,155

 

Loss on extinguishment of debt

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

(124

)

 

-

 

Gain (Loss) on sale of a partnership

 

110

 

 

-

 

 

110

 

 

(123

)

Other

 

161

 

 

222

 

 

466

 

 

344

 

Total other expense

 

(3,541

)

 

(2,455

)

 

(8,352

)

 

(7,054

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income before taxes

 

21,560

 

 

22,875

 

 

51,176

 

 

62,856

 

 

Provision for income taxes

 

3,974

 

 

5,233

 

 

10,536

 

 

14,026

 

 

Net income

 

17,586

 

 

17,642

 

 

40,640

 

 

48,830

 

 

Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interest:

Redeemable non-controlling interest - temporary equity

 

(5,806

)

 

(3,790

)

 

(12,400

)

 

(9,716

)

Non-controlling interest - permanent equity

 

(735

)

 

(714

)

 

(2,259

)

 

(3,684

)

 

(6,541

)

 

(4,504

)

 

(14,659

)

 

(13,400

)

 

Net income attributable to USPH shareholders

$

11,045

 

$

13,138

 

$

25,981

 

$

35,430

 

 

Basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share attributable to USPH shareholders (1)

$

(1.04

)

$

0.48

 

$

(0.90

)

$

1.85

 

 

Shares used in computation - basic and diluted

 

14,928

 

 

15,204

 

 

15,052

 

 

15,178

 

 

Dividends declared per common share

$

0.46

 

$

0.45

 

$

1.38

 

$

1.35

 

______________________

(1) 

Please refer to the section titled “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures to the Most Directly Comparable GAAP Measure” of this press release for the calculation of basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share.

U. S. PHYSICAL THERAPY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(IN THOUSANDS)

 

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30, 2026

September 30, 2025

September 30, 2026

September 30, 2025

 

Net income

$

17,586

 

$

17,642

 

$

40,640

 

$

48,830

 

Other comprehensive gain (loss):

Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedge

 

1,221

 

 

(360

)

 

1,675

 

 

(2,489

)

Tax effect at statutory rate (federal and state)

 

(324

)

 

92

 

 

(445

)

 

636

 

Comprehensive income

$

18,483

 

$

17,374

 

$

41,870

 

$

46,977

 

 

Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest

 

(6,541

)

 

(4,504

)

 

(14,659

)

 

(13,400

)

Comprehensive income attributable to USPH shareholders

$

11,942

 

$

12,870

 

$

27,211

 

$

33,577

 

 

U. S. PHYSICAL THERAPY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

SEGMENT INFORMATION

 

Three Months Ended

Variance

September 30, 2026

September 30, 2025

$

%

(In thousands, except percentages)

Physical Therapy Operations

Net patient revenue

$

161,086

 

$

164,024

 

$

(2,938

)

(1.8

)%

Hospital affiliation revenue

 

25,039

 

 

-

 

 

25,039

 

*

Other revenue (1)

 

3,414

 

 

4,086

 

 

(672

)

(16.4

)%

Net revenue

 

189,539

 

 

168,110

 

 

21,429

 

12.7

%

Operating costs (1)

 

153,740

 

 

136,917

 

 

16,823

 

12.3

%

Gross profit

$

35,799

 

$

31,193

 

$

4,606

 

14.8

%

 

IIP

Net revenue

$

33,019

 

$

29,022

 

$

3,997

 

13.8

%

Operating costs

 

25,786

 

 

23,343

 

 

2,443

 

10.5

%

Gross profit

$

7,233

 

$

5,679

 

$

1,554

 

27.4

%

 

Financial and operating metrics (not in thousands):

Patient visits (2)

 

1,682,642

 

 

1,554,207

 

 

128,435

 

8.3

%

Average daily visits per clinic (2)

 

33.4

 

 

32.2

 

 

1.2

 

3.7

%

Physical therapy revenue per patient visit (2)

$

110.61

 

$

105.54

 

$

5.07

 

4.8

%

Mature revenue percent change (2)

 

6.4

%

 

0.2

%

Salaries and related costs, as a percentage of revenue (3)(4)

 

58.2

%

 

58.2

%

Adjusted salaries and related costs, as a percentage of revenue (3)(4)(5)

 

58.0

%

 

58.2

%

Physical therapy operations gross profit margin

 

18.9

%

 

18.6

%

Adjusted physical therapy operations gross profit margin (6)

 

19.1

%

 

18.5

%

IIP gross profit margin

 

21.9

%

 

19.6

%

______________________

(1) 

Includes revenues and/or costs related to other management contracts.

(2) 

See Glossary of terms for definition. The average number of clinic locations used in the calculation of average daily visits per clinic was 767 for Q3 2026 and 739 for Q3 2025.

(3) 

Beginning in the 2026 Second Quarter, the Company changed its salaries and related costs metric from cost-per-visit to percentage-of-revenue, which management believes is a more meaningful presentation. For hospital affiliated clinics, salaries and related costs reimbursements by hospital systems are recognized as revenue by USPH, supporting this presentation change.  Prior period metrics have been revised to conform to the current presentation.

(4) 

Includes cost and revenue from physical therapy operations. Excludes costs and revenue from other management contracts.

(5) 

Excludes certain incentive costs related to Metro. See the section titled Reconciliation of non-GAAP Measures to the Most Directly Comparable GAAP Measure.

(6) 

Excludes certain incentive costs related to the Metro acquisition, and clinic closure costs. See the section titled Reconciliation of non-GAAP Measures to the Most Directly Comparable GAAP Measure.

* 

Not applicable

U. S. PHYSICAL THERAPY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

SEGMENT INFORMATION

 

Nine Months Ended

Variance

September 30, 2026

September 30, 2025

$

%

Physical Therapy Operations

(In thousands, except percentages)

Net patient revenue

$

498,638

 

$

480,754

 

$

17,884

 

3.7

%

Hospital affiliation revenue

 

30,603

 

 

-

 

 

30,603

 

*

Other revenue (1)

 

10,327

 

 

12,056

 

 

(1,729

)

(14.3

)%

Net revenue

 

539,568

 

 

492,810

 

 

46,758

 

9.5

%

Operating costs (1)

 

441,801

 

 

399,933

 

 

41,868

 

10.5

%

Gross profit

$

97,767

 

$

92,877

 

$

4,890

 

5.3

%

 

IIP

Net revenue

$

95,334

 

$

85,454

 

$

9,880

 

11.6

%

Operating costs

 

75,374

 

 

68,770

 

 

6,604

 

9.6

%

Gross profit

$

19,960

 

$

16,684

 

$

3,276

 

19.6

%

 
 

Financial and operating metrics (not in thousands):

Patient visits (2)

 

4,887,480

 

 

4,556,768

 

 

330,712

 

7.3

%

Average daily visits per clinic (2)

 

32.9

 

 

32.0

 

 

0.9

 

2.8

%

Physical therapy revenue per patient visit (2)

$

108.28

 

$

105.50

 

$

2.78

 

2.6

%

Mature revenue percent change (2)

 

4.2

%

 

0.2

%

Salaries and related costs, as a percentage of revenue (3)(4)

 

58.6

%

 

58.1

%

Adjusted salaries and related costs, as a percentage of revenue (3)(4)(5)

 

58.4

%

 

58.0

%

Physical therapy operations gross profit margin

 

18.1

%

 

18.8

%

Adjusted physical therapy operations gross profit margin (6)

 

18.4

%

 

19.0

%

IIP gross profit margin

 

20.9

%

 

19.5

%

______________________

(1) 

Includes revenues and/or costs related to other management contracts.

(2) 

See Glossary of terms for definition. The average number of clinic locations used in the calculation of average daily visits per clinic was 759 for 2026 and 732 for 2025.

(3) 

Beginning in the 2026 Second Quarter, the Company changed its salaries and related costs metric from cost-per-visit to percentage-of-revenue, which management believes is a more meaningful presentation. For hospital affiliated clinics, salaries and related costs reimbursements by hospital systems are recognized as revenue by USPH, supporting this presentation change.  Prior period metrics have been revised to conform to the current presentation.

(4) 

Includes cost and revenue from physical therapy operations. Excludes costs and revenue from other management contracts.

(5) 

Excludes certain incentive costs related to Metro. See the section titled Reconciliation of non-GAAP Measures to the Most Directly Comparable GAAP Measure.

(6) 

Excludes certain incentive costs related to the Metro acquisition, business acquisition costs and clinic closure costs. See the section titled Reconciliation of non-GAAP Measures to the Most Directly Comparable GAAP Measure.

* 

Not applicable

U. S. PHYSICAL THERAPY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL AND PERFORMANCE METRICS 

 

Revenue Metrics

 

Physical Therapy Revenue Per Patient Visit (1)

Patient Visits (1)

Average Visits Per Clinic Per Day (2)

 

2026

 

2025

2026

2025

2026

2025

 

First quarter

$

106.49

$

105.66

1,543,144

1,443,805

31.8

31.2

Second quarter

$

107.59

$

105.33

1,661,694

1,558,756

33.5

32.7

Third quarter

$

110.61

$

105.54

1,682,642

1,554,207

33.4

32.2

Fourth quarter

 

 

$

106.49

 

1,593,336

 

32.7

Year or Year-to-date

$

108.28

$

105.76

4,887,480

6,150,104

32.9

32.2

______________________

(1) 

See definition of the metrics above in the Glossary of Terms.

(2) 

Excludes home-care visits.

Physical Therapy Locations Roll Forward (1)

 

2026

2025

Number of clinics, beginning of period

778

759

Q1 additions

15

14

Q1 closed or sold

(12)

(9)

Number of clinics, end of period

781

764

Q2 additions

4

6

Q2 closed or sold

(4)

(4)

Number of clinics, end of period

781

766

Q3 additions

21

18

Q3 closed or sold

(3)

(7)

Number of clinics, end of period

799

777

Q4 additions

11

Q4 closed or sold

(10)

Number of clinics, end of period

799

778

 

Year-to-date total additions

40

49

Year-to-date total closed or sold

(19)

(30)

______________________

(1) 

See “Glossary of Terms” for the definition.

U. S. PHYSICAL THERAPY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARES AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)

 

September 30, 2026

December 31, 2025

(unaudited)

ASSETS

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

$

38,225

 

$

35,570

 

Patient accounts receivable, less provision for credit losses of $4,120 and $3,775, respectively

 

63,215

 

 

64,249

 

Accounts receivable - other

 

34,174

 

 

24,087

 

Other current assets

 

19,147

 

 

16,084

 

Total current assets

 

154,761

 

 

139,990

 

Fixed assets:

Furniture and equipment

 

75,838

 

 

67,891

 

Leasehold improvements

 

62,556

 

 

58,985

 

Fixed assets, gross

 

138,394

 

 

126,876

 

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

 

(96,183

)

 

(91,225

)

Fixed assets, net

 

42,211

 

 

35,651

 

Operating lease right-of-use assets

 

164,361

 

 

144,197

 

Investment in unconsolidated affiliate

 

12,358

 

 

12,275

 

Goodwill

 

732,803

 

 

692,392

 

Other identifiable intangible assets, net

 

180,374

 

 

172,861

 

Other assets

 

8,873

 

 

6,644

 

Total assets

$

1,295,741

 

$

1,204,010

 

 

LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST, USPH SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable - trade

$

5,360

 

$

6,059

 

Accrued expenses

 

44,632

 

 

49,424

 

Current portion of operating lease liabilities

 

44,552

 

 

42,134

 

Current portion of term loan and notes payable

 

4,415

 

 

9,865

 

Other current liabilities

 

10,259

 

 

31,558

 

Total current liabilities

 

109,218

 

 

139,040

 

Notes payable, net of current portion

 

1,283

 

 

417

 

Revolving facility

 

72,700

 

 

30,500

 

Term loan, net of current portion and deferred financing costs

 

167,703

 

 

121,677

 

Deferred taxes

 

23,931

 

 

28,391

 

Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion

 

129,283

 

 

110,572

 

Other long-term liabilities

 

4,240

 

 

3,214

 

Total liabilities

 

508,358

 

 

433,811

 

 

Redeemable non-controlling interest - temporary equity

 

357,306

 

 

293,311

 

 

Commitments and Contingencies

 

U.S. Physical Therapy, Inc. ("USPH") shareholders’ equity:

Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 500,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding

 

-

 

 

-

 

Common stock, $.01 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized,

17,532,646 and 17,418,621 shares issued, respectively

 

175

 

 

174

 

Additional paid-in capital

 

292,562

 

 

285,522

 

Accumulated other comprehensive gain

 

1,944

 

 

714

 

Retained earnings

 

191,254

 

 

227,216

 

Treasury stock at cost, 2,605,083 shares and 2,296,059 shares, respectively

 

(56,632

)

 

(37,194

)

Total USPH shareholders’ equity

 

429,303

 

 

476,432

 

Non-controlling interest - permanent equity

 

774

 

 

456

 

Total USPH shareholders' equity and non-controlling interest - permanent equity

 

430,077

 

 

476,888

 

Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest,

USPH shareholders' equity and non-controlling interest - permanent equity

$

1,295,741

 

$

1,204,010

 

U. S. PHYSICAL THERAPY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(IN THOUSANDS)

 

Nine Months Ended

September 30, 2026

September 30, 2025

OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Net income including non-controlling interest

$

40,640

 

$

48,830

 

Adjustments to reconcile net income including non-controlling interest to net cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization

 

18,182

 

 

17,756

 

Provision for credit losses

 

6,041

 

 

5,916

 

Equity-based awards compensation expense

 

8,476

 

 

6,151

 

Amortization of debt issuance costs

 

343

 

 

315

 

Change in deferred income taxes

 

7,740

 

 

11,163

 

Change in revaluation of put-right liability

 

404

 

 

1,406

 

Change in fair value of contingent earn-out consideration

 

3,093

 

 

(11,484

)

Equity of earnings in unconsolidated affiliate

 

(1,118

)

 

(1,155

)

Loss on sale of clinics and fixed assets

 

525

 

 

420

 

(Gain) loss on sale of a partnership

 

(110

)

 

123

 

Loss on extinguishment of debt

 

124

 

 

-

 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Patient accounts receivable, net

 

(3,422

)

 

(13,604

)

Accounts receivable - other

 

(8,566

)

 

3,559

 

Other current and long term assets

 

(3,583

)

 

(8,155

)

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities

 

(4,203

)

 

(10,908

)

Other long-term liabilities

 

(664

)

 

(207

)

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

63,902

 

 

50,126

 

 

INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Purchase of fixed assets

 

(15,810

)

 

(10,145

)

Purchase of majority interest in businesses, net of cash acquired

 

(36,468

)

 

(15,214

)

Purchase of redeemable non-controlling interest, temporary equity

 

(13,549

)

 

(8,579

)

Purchase of non controlling interest, permanent equity

 

(9,018

)

 

(196

)

Proceeds on sale of non-controlling interest, permanent equity

 

(502

)

 

9

 

Repayment of notes receivable related to sales of redeemable non-controlling interest

 

418

 

 

387

 

Proceeds on sale of partnership interest - redeemable non-controlling interest, temporary equity

 

740

 

 

149

 

Distributions from unconsolidated affiliate

 

1,036

 

 

1,089

 

Proceeds on sale of partnership interest, clinics and fixed assets

 

-

 

 

700

 

Other

 

467

 

 

531

 

Net cash (used in) investing activities

 

(72,686

)

 

(31,269

)

 

FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Payment of debt issuance costs

 

(2,214

)

 

-

 

Proceeds from revolving facility

 

234,262

 

 

146,500

 

Payments on revolving facility

 

(192,062

)

 

(131,000

)

Distributions to non-controlling interest, permanent and temporary equity

 

(16,767

)

 

(14,610

)

Cash dividends paid to shareholders

 

(20,735

)

 

(20,520

)

Proceeds from term loan

 

45,625

 

 

-

 

Payments on term loan

 

(2,969

)

 

(7,500

)

Principal payments on notes payable

 

(672

)

 

(1,994

)

Payment for taxes related to net settlement of equity awards

 

(204

)

 

-

 

Repurchases of common stock

 

(19,233

)

 

-

 

Payment of contingent consideration

 

(13,592

)

 

-

 

Other

 

-

 

 

7

 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

 

11,439

 

 

(29,117

)

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

 

2,655

 

 

(10,260

)

Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period

 

35,570

 

 

41,362

 

Cash and cash equivalents - end of period

$

38,225

 

$

31,102

 

 

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Cash paid during the period for:

Income taxes

$

7,351

 

$

11,809

 

Interest paid on credit facilities and other notes payable

 

9,705

 

 

7,305

 

Non-cash investing and financing transactions during the period:

Purchase of businesses - seller financing portion

 

900

 

 

300

 

Fair market value of initial contingent consideration related to purchase of businesses

 

100

 

 

5,731

 

Notes payable related to purchase of redeemable non-controlling interest, temporary equity

 

78

 

 

135

 

Notes payable related to purchase of redeemable non-controlling interest, permanent equity

 

16

 

 

-

 

Notes receivable related to sale of redeemable non-controlling interest, temporary equity

 

4,751

 

 

2,017

 

Notes receivable related to the sale of non-controlling interest, permanent equity

 

527

 

 

29

 

Offset to notes receivable associated with purchase of redeemable non-controlling interest

 

72

 

 

254

 

U.S. PHYSICAL THERAPY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES
TO THE MOST DIRECTLY COMPARABLE GAAP MEASURE

The following tables provide details of the basic and diluted earnings per share computation and reconcile net income attributable to USPH shareholders calculated in accordance with GAAP to non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP adjusted net income and non-GAAP adjusted earnings per share. The tables also provide a reconciliation of additional non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP measure. Management believes providing adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share to investors is useful for comparing the Company's period-to-period results as well as for comparing with other similar businesses since most do not have redeemable instruments and therefore have different equity structures. Management uses adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share, which eliminate certain items described above that can be subject to volatility and unusual costs, as the principal measures to evaluate and monitor financial performance period over period.

Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income attributable to USPH shareholders before interest income, interest expense, taxes, depreciation, amortization, change in fair value of contingent earn-out consideration, changes in revaluation of put-right liability, equity-based awards compensation expense, clinic closure costs, business acquisition related costs, costs related to a one-time financial and human resources systems upgrade, gain or loss on sale of a partnership, settlement of a payor dispute, other income and related portions for non-controlling interests, and other non-recurring items as applicable.

Non-GAAP adjusted net income equals net income attributable to USPH shareholders less changes in revaluation of a put-right liability, clinic closure costs, gain or loss on sale of a partnership, changes in fair value of contingent earn-out consideration, business acquisition related costs, costs related to a one-time financial and human resources systems upgrade, settlement of a payor dispute, any allocations to non-controlling interests, all net of taxes, and other non-recurring items as applicable. Non-GAAP adjusted earnings per share also excludes the impact of the revaluation of redeemable non-controlling interest and the associated tax impact.

Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share are not measures of financial performance under GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income, adjusted earnings per share and other non-GAAP measures should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to, or substitute for, net income attributable to USPH shareholders presented in the consolidated financial statements.

U. S. PHYSICAL THERAPY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ADJUSTED EBITDA, ADJUSTED NET INCOME, ADJUSTED EARNINGS PER SHARE

AND EARNINGS PER SHARE

 

 

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

 

September 30, 2026

September 30, 2025

September 30, 2026

September 30, 2025

 

(In thousands, except per share data)

Adjusted EBITDA (a non-GAAP measure)

Net income attributable to USPH shareholders

$

11,045

 

$

13,138

 

$

25,981

 

$

35,430

 

Adjustments:

Provision for income taxes

 

3,974

 

 

5,233

 

 

10,536

 

 

14,026

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

6,247

 

 

5,832

 

 

18,182

 

 

17,756

 

Interest expense, debt and other, net

 

3,583

 

 

2,408

 

 

9,587

 

 

7,109

 

Interest income from investments

 

(24

)

 

(33

)

 

(69

)

 

(85

)

Equity-based awards compensation expense

 

2,997

 

 

2,263

 

 

8,476

 

 

6,151

 

Change in revaluation of put-right liability

 

599

 

 

663

 

 

404

 

 

1,406

 

Loss (gain) on change in fair value of contingent earn-out consideration

 

104

 

 

(5,872

)

 

3,093

 

 

(11,484

)

Clinic closure costs (1)

 

(140

)

 

(42

)

 

(202

)

 

269

 

Business acquisition related recoveries (costs) (2)

 

(102

)

 

70

 

 

654

 

 

870

 

ERP implementation costs (3)

 

370

 

 

664

 

 

1,097

 

 

885

 

(Gain) loss on sale of a partnership

 

(110

)

 

-

 

 

(110

)

 

123

 

Settlement of a payor dispute

 

500

 

 

-

 

 

500

 

 

-

 

Loan amendment costs (4)

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

288

 

 

-

 

Loss on extinguishment of debt (4)

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

124

 

 

-

 

Other income

 

(161

)

 

(222

)

 

(466

)

 

(344

)

Allocation to non-controlling interests

 

(1,101

)

 

(247

)

 

(3,099

)

 

(1,856

)

Adjusted EBITDA

$

27,781

 

$

23,855

 

$

74,976

 

$

70,256

 

 

Adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share (non-GAAP measures)

Net income attributable to USPH shareholders

$

11,045

 

$

13,138

 

$

25,981

 

$

35,430

 

Adjustments:

Change in revaluation of put-right liability

 

599

 

 

663

 

 

404

 

 

1,406

 

Loss (gain) on change in fair value of contingent earn-out consideration

 

104

 

 

(5,872

)

 

3,093

 

 

(11,484

)

Clinic closure costs (1)

 

(140

)

 

(42

)

 

11

 

 

269

 

Business acquisition related recoveries (costs) (2)

 

(102

)

 

70

 

 

654

 

 

870

 

ERP implementation costs (3)

 

370

 

 

664

 

 

1,097

 

 

885

 

(Gain) loss on sale of a partnership

 

(110

)

 

-

 

 

(110

)

 

123

 

Settlement of a payor dispute

 

500

 

 

-

 

 

500

 

 

-

 

Loan amendment costs (4)

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

288

 

 

-

 

Loss on extinguishment of debt (4)

 

-

 

 

-

 

 

124

 

 

-

 

Allocation to non-controlling interest

 

15

 

 

397

 

 

(343

)

 

279

 

Tax effect at statutory rate (federal and state)

 

(328

)

 

1,053

 

 

(1,518

)

 

1,955

 

Adjusted net income

$

11,953

 

$

10,071

 

$

30,181

 

$

29,733

 

 

Adjusted earnings per share

$

0.80

 

$

0.66

 

$

2.01

 

$

1.96

 

 

Earnings per share

Computation of earnings per share - USPH shareholders:

Net income attributable to USPH shareholders

$

11,045

 

$

13,138

 

$

25,981

 

$

35,430

 

Charges to retained earnings:

.

Revaluation of redeemable non-controlling interest

 

(36,188

)

 

(7,918

)

 

(53,851

)

 

(9,821

)

Tax effect at statutory rate (federal and state)

 

9,608

 

 

2,023

 

 

14,297

 

 

2,509

 

$

(15,535

)

$

7,243

 

$

(13,573

)

$

28,118

 

 

(Loss) earnings per share (basic and diluted)

$

(1.04

)

$

0.48

 

$

(0.90

)

$

1.85

 

 

Shares used in computation (basic and diluted)

 

14,928

 

 

15,204

 

 

15,052

 

 

15,178

 

______________________

(1) 

Costs associated with clinic closures during the periods presented and, for purposes of adjusted net income, includes accelerated depreciation related to closed clinics.

(2) 

Certain expenses related to the acquisitions of equity interests in certain partnerships and costs associated with entering into hospital affiliated contracts.

(3) 

Costs related to a one-time financial and human resources systems upgrade.

(4) 

Costs related to the amendment of the Company's Credit Agreement.

U. S. PHYSICAL THERAPY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

RECONCILIATION OF OTHER NON-GAAP MEASURES TO THE

MOST COMPARABLE GAAP MEASURES

 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2026

Segment information - Physical Therapy Operations

Corporate

Salaries and related (5)

Gross Profit

Corporate Costs

Amount

As a % of Net Revenue

Amount

As a % of Net Revenue

Amount

As a % of Net Revenue

(in thousands, except percentages)

Reported (GAAP)

$

109,175

 

58.2

%

$

35,799

 

18.9

%

$

17,827

 

8.0

%

Adjustments

Clinic closure costs (1)

 

(140

)

(0.1

)%

Metro incentive costs (2)

 

(449

)

(0.2

)%

 

449

 

0.2

%

Business acquisition related recoveries (3)

 

102

 

*

ERP implementation costs (4)

 

(370

)

(0.2

)%

Settlement of a payor dispute

 

(500

)

(0.2

)%

Adjusted (Non-GAAP)

$

108,726

 

58.0

%

$

36,108

 

19.1

%

$

17,059

 

7.7

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025

Segment information - Physical Therapy Operations

 

Corporate

Salaries and related (5)

Gross Profit

Corporate Costs

Amount

As a % of Net Revenue

Amount

As a % of Net Revenue

Amount

As a % of Net Revenue

Reported (GAAP)

$

96,470

 

58.2

%

$

31,193

 

18.6

%

$

17,414

 

8.8

%

Adjustments

Clinic closure costs (1)

 

(42

)

*

Metro incentive costs (2)

 

8

 

*

 

(8

)

*

Business acquisition related costs (3)

 

(70

)

*

ERP implementation costs (4)

 

(664

)

(0.3

)%

Adjusted (Non-GAAP)

$

96,478

 

58.2

%

$

31,143

 

18.5

%

$

16,680

 

8.5

%

______________________

(1) 

Costs that are associated with closed clinics (owned).

(2) 

Certain earnout bonuses and incentive costs related to Metro. 

(3) 

Certain expenses related to the acquisitions of equity interests in certain partnerships and costs associated with entering into hospital affiliated contracts.

(4) 

Costs related to a one-time financial and human resources systems upgrade.

(5) 

Excludes revenues and costs related to management contracts.

* 

Not meaningful

U.S. PHYSICAL THERAPY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

RECONCILIATION OF OTHER NON-GAAP MEASURES TO THE

MOST COMPARABLE GAAP MEASURES

 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026

Segment information - Physical Therapy Operations

 

Corporate

Salaries and related (6)

Gross Profit

Corporate Costs

Amount

As a % of Net Revenue

Amount

As a % of Net Revenue

Amount

As a % of Net Revenue

(in thousands, except percentages)

Reported (GAAP)

$

313,063

 

58.6

%

$

97,767

18.1

%

$

55,106

 

8.7

%

Adjustments

Clinic closure costs (1)

 

11

*

Metro incentive costs (2)

 

(1,525

)

(0.3

)%

 

1,525

0.3

%

Business acquisition related costs (3)

 

107

*

 

(547

)

(0.1

)%

ERP implementation costs (4)

 

(1,097

)

(0.2

)%

Amended credit facility costs (5)

 

(288

)

*

Settlement of dispute

 

(500

)

(0.1

)%

Adjusted (Non-GAAP)

$

311,538

 

58.4

%

$

99,410

18.4

%

$

52,674

 

8.3

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

Segment information - Physical Therapy Operations

 

Corporate

Salaries and related (6)

Gross Profit

Corporate Costs

Amount

As a % of Net Revenue

Amount

As a % of Net Revenue

Amount

As a % of Net Revenue

(in thousands, except percentages)

Reported (GAAP)

$

282,146

 

58.1

%

$

92,877

18.8

%

$

51,135

 

8.8

%

Adjustments

Clinic closure costs (1)

 

269

0.1

%

Metro incentive costs (2)

 

(286

)

(0.1

)%

 

286

0.1

%

Business acquisition related costs (3)

 

(367

)

(0.1

)%

 

367

0.1

%

 

(503

)

(0.1

)%

ERP implementation costs (4)

 

(885

)

(0.2

)%

Adjusted (Non-GAAP)

$

281,493

 

58.0

%

$

93,799

19.0

%

$

49,748

 

8.6

%

______________________

(1) 

These are costs incurred during the period that are associated with closed clinics (owned).

(2) 

Certain earnout bonuses and incentive costs related to Metro. 

(3) 

Certain expenses related to the acquisitions of equity interests in certain partnerships and includes costs associated with entering into hospital affiliated contracts.

(4) 

Costs related to a one-time financial and human resources systems upgrade.

(5) 

Certain fees expensed when entering into the Fourth Amended Credit Facility.

(6) 

Excludes revenues and costs related to management contracts.

* 

Not meaningful

 

U.S. Physical Therapy, Inc.
Nchacha Etta, Chief Financial Officer
email: netta@usph.com
(713) 297-7000

Three Part Advisors
Joe Noyons
(817) 778-8424

Source: U.S. Physical Therapy, Inc.

Key Terms

gaap financial
GAAP, or Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, are a set of standardized rules and guidelines that companies follow when preparing their financial statements. They ensure consistency, transparency, and comparability across different companies, making it easier for investors to understand and compare financial information accurately. This helps investors make informed decisions based on trustworthy and uniform financial reports.
View in glossary
redeemable noncontrolling interests financial
A redeemable noncontrolling interest is a minority ownership stake in a company that the holder can force the company to buy back at a set price or under certain conditions. For investors this matters because it creates a future cash obligation and can be treated more like a liability than permanent equity, affecting a company’s reported debt, net income and valuation — think of it as a part-owner who can cash out, forcing the business to pay them.
ebitda financial
EBITDA stands for earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. It measures a company's profitability by focusing on the money it makes from its core operations, ignoring expenses like taxes and accounting adjustments. Investors use EBITDA to compare how well different companies are performing financially, as it provides a clearer picture of operational success without the influence of financial structure or accounting choices.
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interest rate swap financial
An interest rate swap is a financial agreement where two parties exchange interest payments on a set amount of money over time. Typically, one side pays a fixed interest rate, while the other pays a variable rate that can change with market conditions. This helps investors manage or reduce their exposure to interest rate fluctuations, much like locking in a mortgage rate to avoid future cost increases.

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