Tax Treatment
You should review carefully the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” in the accompanying product
supplement no. 4-I. We expect to ask our special tax counsel to provide an opinion substantially consistent with the following
discussion at pricing.
Based on current market conditions, it is reasonable to treat the notes as “open transactions” that are not debt instruments for U.S.
federal income tax purposes, as more fully described in “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences — Tax Consequences to
U.S. Holders — Notes Treated as Open Transactions That Are Not Debt Instruments” in the accompanying product supplement.
Assuming this treatment is respected, the gain or loss on your notes should be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if you hold your
notes for more than a year, whether or not you are an initial purchaser of notes at the issue price. However, the IRS or a court may not
respect this treatment, in which case the timing and character of any income or loss on the notes could be materially and adversely
affected. In addition, in 2007 Treasury and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of
“prepaid forward contracts” and similar instruments. The notice focuses in particular on whether to require investors in these
instruments to accrue income over the term of their investment. It also asks for comments on a number of related topics, including the
character of income or loss with respect to these instruments; the relevance of factors such as the nature of the underlying property to
which the instruments are linked; the degree, if any, to which income (including any mandated accruals) realized by non-U.S. investors
should be subject to withholding tax; and whether these instruments are or should be subject to the “constructive ownership” regime,
which very generally can operate to recharacterize certain long-term capital gain as ordinary income and impose a notional interest
charge. While the notice requests comments on appropriate transition rules and effective dates, any Treasury regulations or other
guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment
in the notes, possibly with retroactive effect. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences
of an investment in the notes, including possible alternative treatments and the issues presented by this notice.
Section 871(m) of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 871(m)”) generally impose a 30% withholding
tax (unless an income tax treaty applies) on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain
financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. Section 871(m) provides certain exceptions to this
withholding regime, including for instruments linked to certain broad-based indices that meet requirements set forth in the applicable
Treasury regulations. Additionally, a recent IRS notice excludes from the scope of Section 871(m) instruments issued prior to January
1, 2027 that do not have a delta of one with respect to underlying securities that could pay U.S.-source dividends for U.S. federal
income tax purposes (each an “Underlying Security”). Based on certain determinations made by us, we expect that Section 871(m) will
not apply to the notes with regard to Non-U.S. Holders. Our determination is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this
determination. Section 871(m) is complex and its application may depend on your particular circumstances, including whether you enter
into other transactions with respect to an Underlying Security. If necessary, further information regarding the potential application of
Section 871(m) will be provided in the pricing supplement for the notes. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the potential
application of Section 871(m) to the notes.
The Estimated Value of the Notes
The estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement is equal to the sum of the values of the following
hypothetical components: (1) a fixed-income debt component with the same maturity as the notes, valued using the internal funding
rate described below, and (2) the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes. The estimated value of the notes
does not represent a minimum price at which JPMS would be willing to buy your notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at any
time. The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied funding
rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference may be
based on, among other things, our and our affiliates’ view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance, operational
and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income instruments of
JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may prove to be incorrect,
and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an internal funding rate and
any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any secondary market prices of the notes.
For additional information, see “Selected Risk Considerations — The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Derived by Reference to an
Internal Funding Rate” in this pricing supplement.
The value of the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes is derived from internal pricing models of our
affiliates. These models are dependent on inputs such as the traded market prices of comparable derivative instruments and on various
other inputs, some of which are market-observable, and which can include volatility, dividend rates, interest rates and other factors, as
well as assumptions about future market events and/or environments. Accordingly, the estimated value of the notes is determined when
the terms of the notes are set based on market conditions and other relevant factors and assumptions existing at that time.
